Are tours really so bad егэ ответы

1 Dear David,
Thanks for your letter. It was great to hear from you.
I really like my school. Most of the teachers are quite relaxed and friendly. As for the sports facilities, they are so much better than at my previous school. There are clay and grass tennis courts, and best of all — an Olympic-sized swimming pool!
I haven’t joined any school clubs yet because I’m trying to work out which ones I can fit into my schedule. I have to do swimming practice most days.
Who was your first basketball match against? What position did you play? Most importantly, did your team win?
I have to go now as I’ve got a swimming lesson this evening. Hope to hear from you soon.
Best wishes,
Tom Childhood obesity is a serious problem. Therefore, some people say that schools should ban the sale of junk food. In my opinion, schools should be allowed to sell junk food because this is not the main reason that children are getting fat.
To begin with, if you stop children from eating junk food in schools, this does not mean that they will stop eating junk food altogether. They could buy it from a shop, for instance.
In addition, junk food only causes weight gain if too much of it is eaten. Therefore, it is better for schools and parents to educate children about healthy eating so that they learn to make the correct food choices early in life.
On the other hand, some say that many children are not mature enough to make sensible choices for themselves and therefore it is better if junk food is banned in schools. They believe that if children learn to appreciate a healthy diet at school, they will develop good habits for the rest of their lives. This may be true, but it is human nature to want what we are told we can’t have, so banning junk food in schools may only encourage many children to eat it out of school!
All things considered, it seems to me that banning junk food in schools is not a good idea because children could still get junk food out of school. It is better to encourage children to make healthy food choices for themselves 2 Dear Mrs Sampson,
Thank you for your letter. My journey back home was fine. My plane was on time and I chatted with a really nice girl who was sitting next to me. I had a wonderful time in
England. I felt that I learnt a lot of English and really improved my accent, too. As for what I enjoyed most, I really loved the day I went to London with you and Mr Sampson. I enjoyed all of my English classes, too!
It’s great that you’ve got a puppy! Is it a male or a female? Have you chosen a name for it yet? What kind of dog is it?
Thanks again for having me. Write back soon.
Love,
Anna The Internet is an extremely useful tool that has become an important part of our lives. In particular, it has made searching for information much easier and faster than it used to be. However, some people say that finding information in this way can make life more difficult, too.
On the one hand, using the Internet to find information has several advantages. Firstly, the fact that the Internet enables us to find information quickly saves time. Students can do research for school projects without going to the library as they did in the past, for example. Also, we can all find out travel information, read the news and do many other things via the Internet without having to leave our homes. Also, the Internet can be very educational as a huge amount of information is available on any topic.
On the other hand, finding information on the Internet can have some disadvantages. One major problem is that information found on websites is not always accurate.
Secondly, the fact that there is so much information on the Internet means that it is sometimes difficult to find what you are looking for. Also, due to the wide variety of information on the Net, it can be very easy to get distracted from what you are supposed to be doing.
In conclusion, there are both advantages and disadvantages of finding information on the Internet. On the whole, I believe that the Internet is a very useful tool for our modern lives, but it should be used wisely 3 Dear Mark,
Thanks for your letter. I can’t wait for your visit! Don’t worry about getting to my house from the airport — if my dad isn’t working he will come and pick you up and if he is, I will come and meet you and we will catch a bus to my house. As for a gift for my parents, what about something traditionally English, such as some shortbread biscuits or a nice box of English tea? Also, don’t forget to pack some warm clothes. Moscow can still be quite cold in spring!
How are your grandparents going to celebrate their wedding anniversary? Have you bought them a gift? Do you get along with your grandparents? Well, I have to go now. See you next month!
Best wishes,
Alex Nowadays, it seems that pressure to gain more qualifications to get better jobs has encouraged many people to take up distance learning, by post or, more commonly, via the Internet. In my view, however, there are still more benefits to learning in a traditional classroom environment.
On the whole, despite the increase in its popularity, I do not believe that distance learning is better than traditional classroom learning. Firstly, students have to be very dedicated and self-motivated to study by themselves and many students would find this difficult.
Also, some people need more support in their studies than a tutor can give online or by post. Others may miss the interaction with fellow students that always occurs in a traditional classroom.
On the other hand, distance learning has some positive aspects. Firstly, it can be done in the privacy of one’s own home. This allows people to fit their studying around their work schedules and the demands of home life. Secondly, it allows students to work without distractions from others and at their own pace. However, I still feel that most students would benefit more from having the input of a teacher and other students in a traditional classroom.
To sum up, while distance learning is a good solution to help many people, whom have very little time to spare, gain more qualifications, in my opinion it is not better than traditional classroom learning 4 Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to apply for the position of part-time waiter which was advertised in this week’s edition of The Inquirer.
I am 18 years old and I am in my first year at university. I already have experience working as a waiter, having spent the past three summers working at the Hilton Hotel as a breakfast waiter.
I consider myself to be hard-working, efficient and cheerful. I enjoy dealing with people and I think I am very good with the public.
I enclose two letters of recommendation from my previous employers. I would be very grateful if you consider my application. I am available for interview any weekday morning.
I’m looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
Sam Brown Most people prefer to stay in a hotel while on holiday since it provides them with good meals, comfortable furnishings, housekeeping services etc. Nevertheless, some people prefer to camp in the great outdoors.
Personally, however, I would favour staying in a hotel.
First of all, I believe that hotels are better because after a busy and tiring year people need to go on holiday to relax. At a hotel you don’t have to worry about preparing meals since they can be cooked for you there.
Moreover, there is no need to clean up after yourself since housekeeping services are provided. In addition to this, it’s great to have a comfortable bed to sleep in at night.
On the other hand, outdoor enthusiasts say that it is better to go camping. They believe it’s the only way to experience nature; the fresh air, forests and wildlife.
However, you can experience all this without having to camp outside. Hotels are often near beautiful countryside locations or national parks. Besides, it’s uncomfortable to sleep on hard ground, surrounded by mosquitoes and who knows what else outside your thin nylon tent!
To sum up, while camping allows you to experience nature, I believe that staying in a hotel room is more favourable. You can experience all that nature has to offer during the day, if you wish, and return to a comfortable hotel room at night 5 Dear Julie,
It was great to hear from you. You asked me about the
food we eat in Russia. Well, at home we eat many different kinds of meat and potato dishes. We also eat a lot of salads, such as cabbage salad, pickled vegetables and different kinds of soups.
A traditional Russian dish is Borsch, a kind of beetroot soup. In my family, we eat this with a spoonful of sour cream in it. It’s really delicious!
Although many people still eat a lot of traditional foods, I think that we are all eating more fast food and readymade food these days because we lead busier lives than in the past.
So where are you going with your friends this summer? What are you going to do there? What kind of accommodation will you stay in?
Write back soon.
Love,
Ivan Today, many households own more than one car. As a result, there are too many cars in our towns and cities, particularly in the centre. This causes several problems such as increased air pollution, which affects peoples’ health, and can cause delays due to traffic jams. Fortunately, there are a number of possible ways to deal with this problem.
One way to decrease the number of cars on the roads would be to improve public transport and encourage people to use it. If towns and cities invested in a new cheap, fast and efficient underground or tram service, for example, or provided more bus routes, people would definitely use them. This would ease the traffic problem and make it easier for people to get around, too.
Another possible solution would be to make driving less attractive by introducing expensive parking charges. This would definitely encourage people to leave their cars at home and catch public transport instead.
Finally, ‘park-and-ride’ schemes could be set up whereby drivers can leave their cars at an out-of-town car park and then catch a bus into the town or city centre. This kind of scheme would be very easy to set up and would provide a long-term solution to the problem of traffic congestion.
To sum up, there are a number of possible ways to deal with the problem of too many cars on our roads. However, I believe that in order to reduce the amount of traffic, all of these ideas need to be put into practice, not just one 6 Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to express my strong dissatisfaction with the service I received at your restaurant.
Last Friday, four friends and I had dinner at the restaurant to celebrate my birthday. I had heard good reports from other people about the food and I was expecting a wonderful evening. Unfortunately, I got the exact opposite.
After we were seated, we had to wait for more than half an hour until a waiter came to take our order. It then took an hour for our first course to arrive. When it came, the food was undercooked and cold.
Naturally we complained, but the staff refused to replace our meals or apologise and were generally very rude.
As you can imagine, I was very upset and my birthday was ruined. I feel I am entitled to a full refund, in addition to a written apology from the local manager.
I’m looking forward to receiving your prompt reply.
Yours faithfully,
Claire Sanders Russian is one of the most widely spoken languages in Eurasia and therefore an important language to learn.
Although it is considered to be difficult, I believe there are things students can do to help themselves learn it more effectively.
Firstly, in my opinion, as when learning any language, an excellent way for foreigners to improve their Russian is for them to find a pen-friend. By doing this, they will be able to build on and practise the language skills they have learnt in class. In addition, it would be very beneficial for foreigners to travel to Russia for a few weeks’ holiday or even to stay with a pen-friend’s family. This way, they will pick up commonly used phrases and learn how to use them in a natural way. What’s more, watching films and TV programmes, listening to music and reading magazines and leaflets in Russian would also help.
No doubt, there are certain things foreigners will find difficult about my language. For one thing, it may be hard for them to learn the complicated Russian grammar rules. Furthermore, foreigners may have trouble with the pronunciation of the Russian alphabet as some Russian vowel sounds don’t have equivalents in other languages.
To overcome these challenges, I suggest that foreigners take lessons with a good teacher in order to build a solid foundation in the language.
In conclusion, I don’t believe that learning Russian is any more difficult than learning another language. Students will need to take a course to learn the rules, grammar structures and proper pronunciation. Also, it would be a good idea for them to practise with native speakers, read and listen to Russian as much as they can and eventually travel to Russia to be immersed in the language 7 Dear Steve,
Great to hear from you! I can hardly believe it either that we are finishing school soon.
I plan to go to university immediately after my summer break. At the moment, I am preparing to take the very difficult entrance exams. I hope to study Computer Science at Moscow State University. I would like to be a software designer someday and work at a top IT (Information Technology) company. Higher education is considered very important in Russia, so most students work hard to get into one of the many excellent higher education institutions.
I’m sure your gap year will be fantastic! Why did you choose to volunteer in Nepal? What sort of things will you be doing at the orphanage? How long will you be in Nepal?
Hope to hear from you soon.
Take care,
Victor Recently, more and more young people have been choosing to eat only vegetarian food because they think it is better for their health. However, many nutritionists say that following a vegetarian diet exclusively is not such a healthy option.
On the one hand, there are several advantages to being a vegetarian.
Firstly, a vegetarian diet can provide more vitamins, minerals and fibre than a meat-based diet. In addition, vegetables contain fewer calories than meat.
This means that vegetarians are often fitter and slimmer than meat-eaters. Furthermore, vegetables are much cheaper than meat. Lastly, as meat contains a lot of fat it is known to increase the risk of heart disease.
On the other hand, being a vegetarian is not without its disadvantages. For a start, vegetables contain less protein, which is important for building muscle and giving us energy. Also, some important nutrients are found in meat and fish. Therefore, sometimes vegetarians need to replace these by taking supplements, such as vitamin pills, which can be expensive.
To sum up, although there are some drawbacks to being a vegetarian, I feel that on the whole it is not an unhealthy way to live. However, eating meat ensures that a person gets all the proteins, vitamins and minerals they need 8 Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to inquire about the summer English language course offered by your college. I am interested in attending the course and would like some more information about it.
Firstly, I would like to know the cost of the course and if there are any additional costs for textbooks or other materials. I would also like to know when the course begins and when it finishes. Finally, could you please tell me if accommodation is provided for students or if it is necessary for students to find their own?
I’m looking forward to receiving this information. Thank you in advance.
Yours faithfully,
Igor Petrov Technology has become part of our lives and many families have computer and video games in their homes.
While many parents are becoming increasingly concerned that these games have a harmful effect, I believe that they can often be beneficial and so children should be allowed to play them.
In my opinion, children can definitely benefit from playing video games.
Firstly, allowing children to play video games is a good way of keeping them occupied in the safety of their own home. Also, not all games are violent and some are, in fact, educational. In addition, some psychologists argue that it is better for young people to release any aggressive feelings they have by playing a video game rather than in real life.
On the other hand, some parents believe that there are several disadvantages to playing video games. Firstly, they say that if the game is violent, then the children will adopt the same behaviour and act in a similar way in real life. Secondly, they feel that as children spend so many hours playing these games, they often don’t have enough time to do their homework and their performance at school suffers. However, if parents make sure that the games are not too violent and that children don’t play the games for too long, then neither of these things should be a problem.
In conclusion, video games have both benefits and drawbacks. As long as parents keep an eye on what games are being played and for how long, I believe that they can be an enjoyable pastime for children 9 Dear Julia,
Thanks for your letter. You sound very busy.
I used to go to ballet classes three times a week, but now I have started modern dance classes instead. I only go once a week so I have more time to do other things now. In particular, I really enjoy reading novels and playing my guitar.
I don’t go out a lot in the week, but at weekends I usually meet up with my friends and we go to the cinema or just walk around the town.
How long will you be in Ireland? Have you been there before? I’ve heard that it’s a beautiful country. How many people are going on the trip?
Anyway, good luck in the competition and please send me a postcard from Ireland.
Love,
Anya More people are travelling abroad for their holidays these days. While some prefer to make their own arrangements, others choose to go on a package holiday where everything is arranged for you. In my opinion, it is more satisfying to plan your own holiday.
Firstly, you experience more freedom and independence if you arrange everything for yourself. This means that you can choose exactly where you want to stay and what you want to see. Also, you can take your time enjoying the sights as there is no schedule to restrict you. Furthermore, it is often much cheaper to make your own arrangements. You are able to choose the type of accommodation that suits your budget and how long you stay in a particular place. You can also eat quite inexpensively in local restaurants.
On the other hand, package holidays do have several benefits. For a start, they are easier and more relaxing as flights, hotels and sometimes entertainment are all organised for you. Additionally, there is usually a holiday representative to help you with any problems. However, as everything is programmed for you on a package holiday, you may not get the chance to learn as much about the local language and culture.
In conclusion, while package holidays may be more suitable for some people, I believe that arranging your own holiday is better on the whole. That way, you are able to decide on your own programme with very few restrictions, which makes the holiday a more fulfilling experience 10 Hi Harry,
Thanks for your letter. I can’t believe you have to catch two buses to get to school.
I actually live quite close to my school so I walk there with my two friends. I don’t really find the journey very tiring because it’s only a fifteen-minute walk. As for public transport in my town, well, there are plenty of buses, but most of them are quite old and dirty and there is usually a lot of traffic. There is a new metro system though that is fast and clean.
That’s a great idea to have an environment day! Did it go well? What kind of activities and events were there? What did you like best about the day?
Well, I have to go now but I hope to hear from you again soon.
Best wishes,
Dimitri Nowadays, many parents are choosing to pay for private education for their children because they believe that it is better than state education. However, do children always benefit from going to private schools?
Without a doubt, there are some advantages to sending children to private schools.
Firstly, private schools often have better facilities and a wider curriculum than state schools. For example, most have the latest computer technology and sports facilities and they are often able to offer different subjects such as dance and photography. Additionally, the teaching is usually of a high standard as private schools are able to attract good teachers. Also, there is pressure on students to do well at private schools because their parents are paying for their education. This may eventually mean that children get better qualifications.
On the other hand, there are several drawbacks to private education. First of all, it is very expensive and there may be some excellent state schools that are just as good. Secondly, some students may feel too pressured to do well in their studies at a private school.
They would possibly do better at a normal state school where they could study at their own pace in a more relaxed atmosphere.
In conclusion, private education may give some students better chances of success in life. However, parents should remember that private education can have some disadvantages and may not always be the best choice for their child 11 Dear Tom,
Thanks for your letter — it was great to hear from you!
You asked about my family. Well, there are five people in my immediate family. There’s my mum and dad, myself, my younger brother Jack who’s 13 and my younger sister Emily who’s 8. We often go to the park altogether at weekends and we fly kites or play football. In the evenings, we always eat together and then watch TV. As for my favourite relative, well, that’s easy! I love going to visit my grandma on Sunday afternoons — I like sitting in her beautiful garden chatting to her or helping her to bake a cake.
So where exactly did you go in Scotland? Did you go to Loch Ness and see the Loch Ness monster? What was the food like; did you try haggis?
Write again soon.
Love,
Diana Many people believe that it is cruel and unnecessary to keep animals in zoos as conditions in them are very different to those in the animals’ natural environments.
However, personally I do believe that there are some good reasons for keeping zoos open.
Firstly, many modern zoos spend a lot of time, money and energy trying to protect animal species. In fact, zoos’ breeding programmes are often the only hope for endangered species such as gorillas. In addition, zoos these days usually look after their animals very well and try to recreate the conditions in the animals’ natural environment. As animals are often in danger in the wild from loss of habitats and hunters, a zoo can be a safer environment than a natural habitat. Lastly, people who visit zoos usually leave with a better understanding of and respect for animals.
On the other hand, opponents of zoos argue that it is never good to keep an animal in an unnatural environment. They say that there are still some zoos in which animals are not well looked after. They may be kept in small, dirty cages and not given the correct food and medical treatment. However, I feel that these kinds of zoos are not very common.
To sum up, while it would be great if animals could all live in their natural environments, these days they face many dangers in the wild. Therefore, I believe that there are several very good reasons to keep animals in zoos 12 Hi Jack,
Thanks for your letter. At my school, we take exams twice a year — at Christmas and again in the spring.
Some of my friends like taking exams because, they say, it gives them a chance to show what they can do, but personally I don’t like them at all. I find they make me feel a bit stressed out! I try to play basketball, however, a few times a week during exam time. I find this really relaxes me a lot and helps me to cope with the pressure.
I also try to get plenty of sleep. So, it’s your best friend’s birthday this weekend! How is he going to celebrate it? How old will he be? Are you going to buy him a nice gift?
Good luck with your exams. Write back soon.
Best wishes,
Gary Most people who enjoy extreme sports are young people who enjoy the excitement of these thrilling activities such as white-water rafting, bungee jumping and sky surfing. Some people claim, however, that these sports are too dangerous. In my opinion, people should be allowed to take part in these activities if they are properly trained before and if they follow safety instructions.
Firstly, I believe that extreme sports are usually safe because these activities are well organised by properly trained instructors. Participants have to wear correct clothing, check their equipment and be trained before they are allowed to participate in an extreme sport like sky surfing. In addition, extreme sports can be beneficial to people’s health. Taking part in them can help people to relax and let off steam. They could even help people to overcome their fears of taking risks.
On the other hand, opponents of extreme sports say that there is always the risk of something going wrong while participating in an extreme sport. If a rope snapped while bungee jumping, for example, a participant would be seriously injured or even die. As mentioned before, however, I feel that the risk is not very high, because organisers of extreme sports take safety very seriously.
To sum up, while extreme sports carry a low risk of injury, I believe that they are safe to take part in if the participants carefully follow all the instructions. They can even benefit the participants mentally 13 Hi David,
Thanks for your letter. You asked me about pocket money. Well, I do get some pocket money, but like your parents, mine don’t have a lot of extra money so they can’t give me very much.
I think it’s good for parents to give their children some money if they can afford it, because it teaches them about managing money. Some teens here in Russia have part-time jobs in the evenings or at weekends, but it’s often quite difficult to find work.
Personally, I don’t want to work because I’m too busy with my schoolwork, but it would be nice to have some extra money!
So, what musical instrument are you learning to play? Are you taking lessons? Can you read music?
Well, I have to go now. Write again soon!
Best wishes,
Alexandra Since the first commercial flight over fifty years ago, aeroplanes have helped billions of people around the world to travel to their destinations. But is travelling by plane always the best option?
On the one hand, there are several clear advantages of air travel. The main advantage of travelling by plane is that it is quicker than any other means of transport. One can travel from one continent to another in just a few hours. Also, it is safe. There are fewer accidents in the air than on land or at sea. Moreover, a lot of passengers tend to enjoy the whole flying experience; the reclinable seats, airline feature films and being served food and drink.
However, travelling by plane does have its disadvantages.
Firstly, the tickets are usually quite expensive and so not everyone can afford them. Secondly, travelling by plane is not always very comfortable. Passengers have to sit in small seats for long periods of time. In addition, planes can’t fly travellers to their exact location and airports are usually far from city centres. Finally, there are the frequent problems of missing luggage, cancelled flights and long check-in queues which can make passengers’ journeys take much longer than they should.
To conclude, despite the disadvantages, I do believe that air travel is often the best way to get to a particular destination. In fact, for destinations that are very far away, it is the only realistic way to get there 14 Hi Sally,
Thanks for your letter and I hope you’re well! Your environment group sounds great.
We have a big problem in my neighbourhood; there are no green spaces at all. Also, it’s quite a busy area so there’s a lot of pollution from cars and factories. I think that I help the environment in a few ways; I always turn off lights when I’m not in a room and I try not to waste water. I also recycle newspapers and plastic. I think we can save the planet but we have to educate everybody and we all have to work together.
The surprise party sounds like good fun! Where are you going to have the party? Are you going to invite lots of people? Do you think Anna suspects anything?
Write back soon.
Lots of love,
Laura Starting your own business often seems like an attractive alternative to being an employee. In my opinion, however, it brings a lot of risk and responsibility and is sometimes not worth the time and effort.
Firstly, you usually have many more responsibilities when you run your own business. You may have to work long hours because you are ultimately responsible for getting the work finished on time. It can also be extremely risky to start your own business. For one thing, many new businesses fail in the first one or two years. Also, the costs of starting up your business can be very high. Installing computers, printers and other office equipment is very expensive and you have to pay your employees each month.
On the other hand, it is true that owning your own business can be very satisfying. You are in charge, after all, and have the freedom to make all your own decisions.
You can decide on the hours that you work, and how much you pay your staff. Moreover, if all goes well, you will have the chance of making a large profit, too.
In conclusion, I believe that while starting a business can be the right decision for many people, it is quite risky and brings a lot of responsibility. Personally, I would prefer to be an employee 15 Dear Alex,
Thanks for your letter. It was great to hear from you!
I love listening to rock music, too! Sometimes I listen to techno with my friends, as well. One of my friends is a big fan!
As for TV, I have to say that our house is the same as yours! The TV is on a lot, especially after school. We generally watch TV as a family in the evenings for about two hours. We usually like to watch soap operas or comedy programmes.
Were there a lot of people at the festival? What type of music was played? Did any famous bands play at the festival?
Write soon.
Best wishes,
Dina Many people say that they would love to become famous — perhaps a singer, actor or TV presenter. Of course, in many ways the life of a famous person is fantastic, but there are definitely some negative aspects of the celebrity lifestyle, too.
There are some obvious advantages to being a famous celebrity.
Firstly, a celebrity’s lifestyle usually brings many great opportunities. A famous singer, for example, travels all over the world, stays in luxury hotels and meets interesting people. In addition, famous people earn a lot more money than most people and can afford things such as large houses, designer clothes and luxury holidays. Finally, famous people are living their dreams, which must be very satisfying.
On the other hand, there are some clear disadvantages to being famous. First of all, you are recognised everywhere you go. You can no longer go for a walk in your neighbourhood or pop to the shops without being followed and photographed by the media or even by fans. Even worse, the media often print unpleasant or untrue stories about you in newspapers and magazines.
Lastly, some famous people find that fame and money do not bring them happiness. Eventually, their stressful celebrity lifestyles cause them to have problems such as depression or even worse.
To sum up, while a celebrity lifestyle can be easier and more fun than a normal lifestyle in many ways, it can be very stressful. Personally, I would not really like to be famous! 16 Dear Sir,
I recently stayed at your bed and breakfast and had a very nice time.
Unfortunately, however, when I got home I realised that I didn’t have my diary and that I must have left it in my room.
I think that I left the diary in the top drawer of the bedside table on the right-hand side of my bed. I was staying in room 12. The diary is quite large and it is pink with a yellow flowery pattern on it.
I would be extremely grateful if you could send my diary back to me at the above address if you find it. I would be happy to send you a cheque to cover the postage costs.
Thank you in advance.
Yours faithfully,
Mary Waters Everyone has a special place they have fond memories of, somewhere that remains dear to them. For me, that place is Long Sault in Ontario, Canada. It’s my favourite spot in the world because that’s where I spent many happy summers as a child.
Long Sault is a beautiful area made up of eleven islands connected by bridges. These islands were formed after the flooding of the St Lawrence River in the 1950s.
Around these picturesque islands with their tall, green grass and the occasional wooded area, are pretty sandy beaches and areas of rock from where travellers can fish or swim. There is so much to do there; hiking for outdoor enthusiasts, bird watching, camping, kayaking, golf and even goose feeding.
I have so many fond memories of Long Sault. My cousins and I spent many mornings there looking under colourful rocks for crayfish and crabs. That’s the place where I hooked my first worm, caught my first fish and climbed my first tree. In the evenings, my uncle would always make a campfire and we’d barbecue whatever we had managed to catch during the day.
Even though I’m currently living nowhere near Long Sault, I will never forget the place which gave me so many unforgettable memories. Sometimes when I close my eyes, I feel like I am experiencing those moments again 17 Dear Becky,
Thanks for your letter. How are you?
It was interesting to hear about homes in Great Britain.
We’ve just moved to a bigger flat, so now my sister and I have our own bedrooms. It’s great — I have enough space for all my belongings now. Most people in Russian towns and cities live in apartment blocks and unfortunately, often the apartments can be a little small for a family. I think I would rather live in the countryside than the town. It’s a lot quieter, there isn’t a lot of traffic or pollution and people are usually friendlier than in towns and cities.
Did you have a nice time staying with your uncle in Wales? Did you get up early to help milk the cows? Does your uncle have any other animals?
Write back soon.
Love,
Maxim Everyone agrees that teenagers should do some form of physical activity to stay healthy, but are sports the answer? In my opinion the answers is yes; all teenagers should take part in sports.
In the first place, doing sports has many health benefits.
For example, sports help teenagers stay physically fit and control their weight. Furthermore, sports help teens to increase their overall strength and coordination. In addition to the physical benefits of sports, there are also many psychological benefits. For instance, team sports teach social skills, teamwork skills and respect for authority, not to mention the fact that sports help increase one’s confidence. This often results in improved academic performance.
On the other hand, some argue that sports are not for everyone and that other activities have similar benefits.
Simply walking to school instead of catching a bus would keep a teen quite fit, for example, and taking part in a reading club would help improve social skills and confidence. Moreover, sports can create stress for some teens by putting pressure on them to be as good as their teammates. Not all sports are competitive team sports, however, and teenagers should be able to find one that suits them.
To conclude, I believe that sports should have a place in every teenager’s life. Besides the obvious physical benefits, teenagers develop important skills and build self-esteem through sports. Young people should all learn how to take care of their bodies and minds so that they continue doing this throughout their lives 18 Dear Monica,
It was great to hear from you! I’m sure you’ll have lots of fun at the wedding.
What about giving a traditional gift made of silver that the couple can keep forever? Or some money, which is what Russians usually give? A traditional Russian wedding is a huge celebration that can last several days. It starts with the groom picking up the bride at her home. The couple usually has a church ceremony followed by a civil one. There is usually lots of dancing, food and drink at the reception afterwards.
Weddings are great but my favourite Russian celebration is New Year’s Eve because of all the gifts and parties.
Your creative writing course sounds very interesting! What made you decide to take the course? Is it expensive? What do you write about?
Write soon.
Love,
Irene Mark Twain once said that ‘clothes make the man’, but is this really true? Nowadays, appearance and dress are very important to many school pupils, but many of them have to wear a uniform when they are at school. In my view, school uniforms are a good idea because they help avoid some potential problems.
To begin with, school uniforms help to reduce the amount of peer pressure that young people experience at school. If everyone has to wear the same clothes, noone can be teased or bullied because they are not wearing the latest fashions. Also, pupils can concentrate more on learning because they are no longer so worried about how they look. Furthermore, it is usually cheaper for parents if their children have to wear a uniform because they don’t have to buy lots of expensive fashionable outfits. Finally, wearing a uniform helps give pupils a sense of identity.
Opponents of this view argue that school uniforms prevent pupils from expressing their individuality through their clothes. However, there are many other ways in which students can express themselves — through taking part in school clubs and activities such as sports teams or the school newspaper, for example.
To sum up, in my opinion clothes do not make the man. Therefore, I believe that it is a good idea for school pupils to wear a school uniform because it promotes equality and a sense of belonging 19 Dear Jamie,
Thanks for your letter. Enjoy your new computer!
I don’t have my own computer, but I often go to an Internet café near my house. I usually do research on the Internet there for my school work. I also send a lot of emails to friends and family. Also, when I have free time, I like to play some of the online games with my friends at the café. We have a great time! I would love to have an MP3 player, so I could download my favourite music from the Internet to listen to whenever I wanted.
I’m sorry to hear about your arm. Get well soon. How did it happen? Are you wearing a cast? How long will it take to get better?
Hope to hear from you soon.
Best wishes,
Sergey Which is a better place to live, the city or the country?
Well, in my opinion, there are pros and cons of both, but personally I would much rather live in the city.
First of all, there is a wider range of jobs and careers available in the city than in the country. Very often, cities also have better education and health services. In addition, a variety of different kinds of people and cultures are usually represented in a city, which creates a very interesting environment. Moreover, big cities have better entertainment facilities such as shops, cinemas, theatres, galleries and sports centres. Lastly, public transport is better in the city than in the country, which makes it easier to get around.
On the other hand, many argue that city life can be very stressful. Also, they say that people in the country are friendlier and take better care of each other. This may be true, but it is usually not too hard to make good friends in a city. Also, there are many ways to deal with stress in a city, such as enjoying a relaxing walk in a park or going to a concert, a leisure centre or an outdoor festival.
All in all, I would prefer to live in a city because I believe that cities offer more opportunities and a far more interesting lifestyle than living in the country. It is often said that ‘variety is the spice of life’ and variety can definitely be found in cities 20 Dear Mr Burns,
Our school is holding its Careers Day on 21st May this year and we would very much like you to come to the school and give a talk.
The Careers Day is an opportunity for students to learn about different career opportunities. As you are a successful businessman, we would appreciate hearing about what makes a business successful and what careers and types of businesses you think will be most important in the future. The talk would be about half an hour long and would take place in the school gym at about 11 am.
I would be grateful if you could let me know whether you are able to accept our invitation as soon as possible. You can contact me at the above number.
I’m looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely,
Ivan Nikitin It is often said that children are the key to the future and this is certainly true with regards to the environment.
Fortunately, there are many ways to teach young people how to care for the environment.
To begin with, schools need to get more involved in environmental education. They could organise environment days, for example. These encourage students to think about different environmental issues and how they can get involved. Another way schools can educate students is by starting different programmes such as recycling and composting projects. As a result, students will grow up understanding how good habits make a difference in solving environmental problems.
Communities and families can also get involved in educating children about the environment. Local councils could organise events such as tree-planting or littercollecting days, for example. Consequently, young people would not only learn about these issues, but see the results of their actions, too. Finally, parents need to set good examples by being environmentally-friendly at home. They should recycle and save water and electricity, for instance. In this way, children will probably continue with the same habits when they have houses of their own.
All things considered, communities, families and schools can all successfully encourage children to care for the environment. By doing so, they can help to make sure that future generations will protect the planet

Задание №11283

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Are tours really so bad?

I’ve always been all for independent travel and my friends often ask me: if tours are really so bad, why so many people do them?

Well, I wouldn’t be so straightforward. First of all, tours provide higher quality at better value. I’ve always been trying to break down costs for independent travel in different cities around the world, so it might seem strange when I say that tours are actually a better value. The reality is that in most places, the absolute cheapest way to travel is independently, but that means hostel bunks and street food instead of hotels and restaurants. And in a country like China, the tours are much cheaper than independent travel at any standard.

Of course, the reason for this is that a tour provider can book 20 hotel rooms every week with one phone call, so they get amazing hotel rates that independent travellers couldn’t dream of. The same is true with restaurants and even attractions, where large groups are much cheaper per person than singles. Even with a tour provider mark-up, you still get a better deal in most cases.

Another important thing for many of us is that there is little or no stress with language or culture barriers. Even in an English-speaking country, it can be confusing on your first visit, and things like finding hotels and even museums can be headaches. When in countries with other languages, the level of confusion gets multiplied, often further compounded by touts and other illegal sellers who make a living trying to steer you somewhere else. On a tour you’ll always have an English speaker who knows the local area well between you and the potential obstacles. It’s almost like having an old friend living in the area, who can tell you exactly where to go and whom to ignore.

That leads us to the next point. Tours provide security and accountability. No method of travel is 100% safe and secure, but at least when you are on a tour you know that people who know the risks are working on your behalf. Travelling on your own, if your hotel says it’s fully booked, then you are out on the street. But with a tour, it’s up to them to find you a new room nearby, which would be far easier even if it did happen.

If you get sick or injured on your own, you are on your own, while on a tour there will be an experienced person there to help get medicine or look after you. I had a large backpack stolen off a train because the luggage area works on the honour system. Had I been on a tour, someone would likely have put everything in a secure place because their reputation depends on clients making it home with all their gear.

And last but not least, itineraries on tours are designed by professionals. Everyone obviously has different tastes when sightseeing, but that doesn’t mean that independent travellers always make the right decisions. The typical first-time visitor to a big city will try to schedule 18 hours worth of sightseeing into every day, which obviously doesn’t work once you get there. These tour companies that have been around for a long time tend to do a great job maximising sightseeing time but also adding in leisure time, meal time, and sleep time. In the era of ubiquitous reviews not to mention social media, these tour companies can only survive if they provide a product that people feel good about when it’s done. Not only can they get you between sights more quickly, but they also know when clients prefer to relax and slow down.

All said and done, I am not writing this to put you off independent travel but rather to make you look before you leap.

The author’s travel experience is …
1) mostly in China.
2) quite extensive.
3) strange in a way.
4) rather limited.

Ответ частично правильный.

Ответ правильный.

Âûáåðèòå ïðàâèëüíûé îòâåò À, Â èëè Ñ.

1 You’re really late! I have been waiting for you for over an hour! (Òû ñèëüíî îïîçäàë! ß æäàë òåáÿ áîëüøå ÷àñà!)

2 Ian was staring at a man across the street, trying to remember where he knew him from. (ßí ñìîòðåë íà ÷åëîâåêà íàïðîòèâ, ïûòàÿñü âñïîìíèòü, îòêóäà îí çíàë åãî)

3 Linda, who is very keen on computers, is studying to be a graphic designer. (Ëèíäà, êîòîðàÿ î÷åíü óâëåêàåòñÿ êîìïüþòåðàìè, ó÷èòñÿ íà ãðàôè÷åñêîãî äèçàéíåðà)

4 Harry is very loyal to his friends and will never disappoint them. (Ãàððè î÷åíü ïðåäàí ñâîèì äðóçüÿì è íèêîãäà íå ðàçî÷àðîâûâàåò èõ)

5 The birth of their baby son brought about many changes to James and Lilly’s life. (Ðîæäåíèå ìàëåíüêîãî ñûíà ïðèíåñ ìíîãî èçìåíåíèé â æèçíü Äæåéìñà è Ëèëè)

6 When Helen got to the station, the train had just left. (Êîãäà Ýëåí äîáðàëàñü äî âîêçàëà, ïîåçä òîëüêî ÷òî óøåë)

7 Unless you tell me what’s wrong, I can’t help you. (Åñëè òû íå ñêàæåøü ìíå ÷òî ñëó÷èëîñü, ÿ íå cìîãó òåáå ïîìî÷ü)

8 Some tracks on this CD are extremely impressive. (Íåêîòîðûå ïåñíè íà ýòîì äèñêå âåñüìà âïå÷àòëÿþò)

9 You should see a dentist about that toothache of yours. (Òû äîëæåí ïîñåòèòü ñòîìàòîëîãà èç-çà òâîåé çóáíîé áîëè)

10 Emma’s friend lives very close to her, so she always goes to her house on foot. (Ýììà ïîäðóãà æèâåò ñîâñåì íåäàëåêî îò íåå, ïîýòîìó îíà ïîñòîÿííî õîäèò ïåøêîì ê íåé äîìîé)

11 Our teacher made the whole class stay back after school. (Íàøà ó÷èòåëüíèöà çàñòàâèëà âåñü êëàññ îñòàòüñÿ ïîñëå óðîêîâ)

12 She said she was going to be away the following weekend. (Îíà ñêàçàëà, ÷òî ñîáèðàåòñÿ óåõàòü â ñëåäóþùèå âûõîäíûå)

13 Environmental organizations work towards the conservation of the natural environment. (Äåÿòåëüíîñòü ýêîëîãè÷åñêèõ îðãàíèçàöèé íàïðàâëåíà íà ñîõðàíåíèå ïðèðîäíîé ñðåäû)

14 These jeans are too big for you; you need to take them in. (Ýòè äæèíñû ñëèøêîì áîëüøèå äëÿ òåáÿ; òû äîëæíà óøèòü èõ)

15 How long have you known about this? (Êàê äàâíî âû çíàåòå îá ýòîì?)

16 Melanie wishes she had accepted the offer they made her. (Ìåëàíè õî÷åò ïðèíÿòü ïðåäëîæåíèå, êîòîðîå îíè åé ñäåëàëè.

17 Marco wants to improve his listening skills in English, so he watches English films without subtitles. (Ìàðêî õî÷åò óëó÷øèòü ñâîè íàâûêè àóäèðîâàíèÿ â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå, ïîýòîìó îí ñìîòðèò àíãëèéñêèå ôèëüìû áåç ñóáòèòðîâ)

18 You can’t use the printer; it’s out of order. (Âû íå ìîæåòå èñïîëüçîâàòü ïðèíòåð; îí âûøåë èç ñòðîÿ)

19 Someone’s left the front door open: I’ll close it immediately. (Êòî-òî îñòàâèë âõîäíóþ äâåðü îòêðûòîé: ÿ ñåé÷àñ åå çàêðîþ)

20 Mildred’s out running some errands; do you want to wait for her? (Ìèëäðåä óøëà ïî äåëàì; âû õîòèòå åå ïîäîæäàòü?)

21 Stephen told his brother not to use his laptop without asking him first. (Ñòèâåí ñêàçàë ñâîåìó áðàòó íå èñïîëüçîâàòü íîóòáóê, íå ñïðîñèâ åãî)

22 The book I’ve been reading is set in the future. (Äåéñòâèå êíèãè, êîòîðóþ ÿ ÷èòàë, ðàçâîðà÷èâàåòñÿ â áóäóùåì)

23 Tom’s starting salary at his new job is 30,000 Euros a year. (Ñòàðòîâàÿ çàðïëàòà Òîìà íà íîâîé ðàáîòå ñîñòàâëÿåò 30 000 åâðî â ãîä)

24 Fruit and vegetables are rich in vitamins and minerals. (Ôðóêòû è îâîùè áîãàòû âèòàìèíàìè è ìèíåðàëàìè)

25 I’m afraid I don’t have time to chat. I am leaving in a few minutes. (Áîþñü, ó ìåíÿ íåò âðåìåíè, ÷òîáû ïîîáùàòüñÿ. ß óåçæàþ ÷åðåç íåñêîëüêî ìèíóò)

26 Ian was jogging in the park when he heard someone calling for help. (ßí áåãàë â ïàðêå, êîãäà óñëûøàë, êàê êòî-òî çîâåò íà ïîìîùü)

27 It was such a pleasant surprise to run into my old teacher at the theatre! (Âñòðåòèòüñÿ ñ ìîèì ñòàðûì ó÷èòåëåì â òåàòðå áûëî òàêèì ïðèÿòíûì ñþðïðèçîì!)

28 Lucy has never been to an Indian restaurant before, and she’s really enjoying it. (Ëþñè íèêîãäà ðàíüøå íå áûëà â Èíäèéñêîì ðåñòîðàíå, è îíà äåéñòâèòåëüíî íàñëàæäàþñü ýòèì)

29 Sarah wants to participate in her school’s singing competition. (Ñàðà õî÷åò ó÷àñòâîâàòü â øêîëüíîì êîíêóðñå ïåíèÿ)

30 Tonya was making a salad while. (Òîíÿ ãîòîâèëà ñàëàò â òî âðåìÿ êàê åå ñåñòðà ëåæàëà íà ñòîëå. her sister was laying the table)

31 The ground was covered with fallen leaves. (Çåìëÿ áûëà ïîêðûòà îïàâøèìè ëèñòüÿìè)

32 The stories we heard about our neighbours turned out to be true. (Èñòîðèè, êîòîðûå ìû ñëûøàëè î íàøèõ ñîñåäÿõ, îêàçàëèñü ïðàâäîé)

33 The giant panda is a(n) endangered species that needs our protection. (Ãèãàíòñêàÿ ïàíäà íàõîäÿùèõñÿ ïîä óãðîçîé èñ÷åçíîâåíèÿ è íóæäàåòñÿ â íàøåé çàùèòå)

34 If I had known you were coming, I would have cooked something for dinner. (Åñëè áû ÿ çíàëà, ÷òî òû ïðèäåøü, ÿ áû ïðèãîòîâèëà ÷òî-íèáóäü íà óæèí)

35 Judy needs to replace the lens in her camera, because it’s scratched. (Äæóäè äîëæíà çàìåíèòü îáúåêòèâ ñâîåé êàìåðû, ïîòîìó ÷òî îí ïîöàðàïàí).

36 They heard someone screaming in the next room and rushed in to see what was wrong. (Îíè óñëûøàëè, êàê êòî-òî êðè÷èò â ñîñåäíåé êîìíàòå è áðîñèëèñü ïîñìîòðåòü è óâèäåëè, ÷òî îøèáàëèñü)

37 It’s no use crying over spilt milk; there’s nothing we can do now. (×òî ñäåëàíî, òî ñäåëàíî; ìû íè÷åãî íå ìîæåì ñåé÷àñ ïîäåëàòü)

38 Our hotel room had an amazing view of the snowy mountains. (Èç íàøåãî íîìåðà â îòåëå îòêðûâàëñÿ âîñõèòèòåëüíûé âèä íà çàñíåæåííûå ãîðû)

39 The law clearly states that all car drivers and passengers must wear a seat belt. ( çàêîí ÷åòêî óêàçàíî, ÷òî âñå âîäèòåëè è ïàññàæèðû îáÿçàíû áûòü ïðèñòåãíóòûìè ðåìíÿìè áåçîïàñíîñòè)

40 George’s classmates often pick on him because he’s quite short. (Îäíîêëàññíèêè Äæîðäæà ÷àñòî äðàçíÿò åãî, ïîòîìó ÷òî îí äîâîëüíî íèçêèé)

41 Do you think Alex will like his present? (Êàê òû äóìàåøü, Àëåêñó ïîíðàâèòñÿ åãî ïîäàðîê?)

42 Tom Barney, whose father is a famous writer, is in the same class as me. (Òîìà Áàðíè, îòåö êîòîðîãî ÿâëÿåòñÿ èçâåñòíûì ïèñàòåëåì, ó÷èòñÿ â òîì æå êëàññå, ÷òî è ÿ)

43 The parcel is being delivered to you as we speak. (Ïîñûëêà äîñòàâëÿåòñÿ âàì ïðÿìî ñåé÷àñ)

44 Drinks that contain artificial additives are not good for your health. (Íàïèòêè, ñîäåðæàùèå èñêóññòâåííûå äîáàâêè íå íåñóò ïîëüçû äëÿ âàøåãî çäîðîâüÿ)

45 Mark had been working at a company for seven years before he started his own business. (Ìàðê ðàáîòàë â êîìïàíèè â òå÷åíèå ñåìè ëåò, ïðåæäå ÷åì îí îòêðûë ñâîé ñîáñòâåííûé áèçíåñ)

46 Peter feels very strongly about protecting wildlife that is under threat. (Ïèòåð î÷åíü ñèëüíî ïåðåæèâàåò î çàùèòå äèêîé ôàóíû è ôëîðû, íàõîäÿùåéñÿ ïîä óãðîçîé)

47 Matthew works longer hours than Patrick. (Ìýòüþ ðàáîòàåò áîëüøå ÷àñîâ, ÷åì Ïàòðèê)

48 When Chris won the lottery, he decided to splash out on a new car. (Êîãäà Êðèñ âûèãðàë â ëîòåðåþ, îí ðåøèë ïîòðàòèòü íà íîâûé àâòîìîáèëü)

49 I’d hate to be the one who gives Janet the bad news. (ß áû íå õîòåë áûòü òåì, êòî ðàññêàæåò Äæàíåò ïëîõèå íîâîñòè)

50 You need a new pair of sports shoes; these ones are quite worn out. (Òåáå íóæíà íîâàÿ ïàðà ñïîðòèâíîé îáóâè; ýòè óæå ñîâñåì èçíîñèëèñü)

51 Tracy avoids buying products that come in too much plastic. (Òðåéñè èçáåãàåò ïîêóïàòü ïðîäóêòû, êîòîðûå óïàêîâàíû â ñëèøêîì áîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî ïëàñòèêà)

52 Do you get on well with your new neighbours? (Òû õîðîøî ëàäèøü ñî ñâîèìè íîâûìè ñîñåäÿìè?)

53 The artist made the sculpture entirely of recycled materials. (Õóäîæíèê ñäåëàë ñêóëüïòóðó öåëèêîì èç ïåðåðàáîòàííûõ ìàòåðèàëîâ)

54 Everyone was surprised to see Samuel turn up at Lynn’s party. (Âñå áûëè óäèâëåíû âèäåòü Ñàìóýëÿ íà âå÷åðèíêå Ëèíí)

55 Nathan scribbled the doctor’s phone number on a piece of paper and put it in his pocket. (Íàòàí íàöàðàïàë íîìåð òåëåôîíà âðà÷à íà ëèñòêå áóìàãè è ïîëîæèë åãî â êàðìàí)

56 Amanda asked Nick where he had bought his camcorder from. (Àìàíäà ñïðîñèëà Íèêà, ãäå îí êóïèë ñâîþ âèäåîêàìåðó)

57 Can you please go to my room and fetch my glasses? I need to read something. (Òû ìîæåøü ïîéòè â ìîþ êîìíàòó è ïðèíåñòè ìîè î÷êè? Ìíå íóæíî ïî÷èòàòü ÷òî-íèáóäü)

58 This time next week, we will be lying on a tropical beach. (Íà ñëåäóþùåé íåäåëå â ýòî âðåìÿ ìû áóäåì ëåæàòü íà òðîïè÷åñêîì ïëÿæå)

59 Jenny likes to keep up with the latest trends in fashion. (Äæåííè ëþáèò èäòè â íîãó ñ ïîñëåäíèìè òåíäåíöèÿìè â ìîäå)

60 What makes Mary a great writer is the fact that she’s very imaginative. (Ìýðè äåëàåò âåëèêèì ïèñàòåëåì òîò ôàêò, ÷òî îíà î÷åíü òâîð÷åñêàÿ)

61 Mrs Abbot is the most dedicated of all our teachers this year. (Ìèññèñ Àááîò ñàìàÿ ïðåäàííàÿ èç âñåõ íàøèõ ó÷èòåëåé â ýòîì ãîäó)

62 Hugh is terrible at telling jokes; he’s not a funny person! (Õüþ óæàñíî ðàññêàçûâàåò àíåêäîòû; îí íå ñìåøíîé!)

63 Sam earns a living by selling antiques online. (Ñýì çàðàáàòûâàåò íà æèçíü ïðîäàæåé àíòèêâàðèàòà îíëàéí)

64 How long did it take you to recover from your operation? (Ñêîëüêî âðåìåíè âàì ïîòðåáîâàëîñü, ÷òîáû îïðàâèòüñÿ ïîñëå îïåðàöèè?)

65 Why are you glaring at me? Have I done something wrong? (Ïî÷åìó òû íà ìåíÿ òàê óñòàâèëàñü? ß ñäåëàë ÷òî-òî íå òàê?)

66 Michael wishes he had more free time to take up a hobby. (Ìàéêë õî÷åò áîëüøå ñâîáîäíîãî âðåìåíè, ÷òîáû çàíèìàòüñÿ õîááè)

67 John’s booked front row seats for the opera. (Äæîí çàêàçàë ìåñòà íà îïåðó â ïåðâîì ðÿäó)

68 Sophie and Ron enjoy taking long walks in the afternoon. (Ñîôè è Ðîí íàñëàæäàþòñÿ äîëãèìè ïðîãóëêàìè â ïîëäåíü)

69 Do you know who invented the MP3 player? (Çíàåòå ëè âû, êòî èçîáðåë MP3-ïëååð?)

70 Frank goes to the gym three times a week. (Ôðýíê õîäèò â ñïîðòçàë òðè ðàçà â íåäåëþ)

71 It goes without saying that you’ll pay for the damage you caused to my car. (Ñàìî ñîáîé ðàçóìååòñÿ, ÷òî âû áóäåòå ïëàòèòü çà óùåðá, êîòîðûé âû ïðè÷èíèëè ìîåé ìàøèíå)

72 Hurry up! The match will have started by the time we get to the football pitch. (Ïîñïåøèòå! Ìàò÷ íà÷íåòñÿ, êàê òîëüêî ìû ïðèäåì íà ôóòáîëüíîå ïîëå)

73 The organizers of the festival are hoping to raise enough money for the charity. (Îðãàíèçàòîðû ôåñòèâàëÿ íàäåþòñÿ ñîáðàòü äîñòàòî÷íî äåíåã íà áëàãîòâîðèòåëüíîñòü)

74 Can you, please, look after my plants while I’m away? (Âû íå ìîãëè áû, ïîæàëóéñòà, ïðèñìîòðåòü çà ìîèìè ðàñòåíèÿìè, ïîêà ìåíÿ íå áóäåò?)

75 Today is a public holiday, so Jane doesn’t have to go to school. (Ñåãîäíÿ ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé ïðàçäíèê, ïîýòîìó Äæåéí íå ïðèäåòñÿ èäòè â øêîëó)

76 If Joshua doesn’t come home soon, he will miss the start of the film. (Åñëè Äæîøóà ñêîðî íå âåðíåòñÿ äîìîé, îí ïðîïóñòèò íà÷àëî ôèëüìà)

77 Mr Peters works in the armed forces as a naval officer. (Ã-í Ïåòåðñ ðàáîòàåò â âîîðóæåííûõ ñèëàõ â êà÷åñòâå ìîðñêîãî îôèöåðà)

78 Now that Samantha’s lost all that weight, she’s giving all her old clothes away to her friends. (Òåïåðü, êîãäà Ñàìàíòà ñáðîñèëà âåñ, îíà îòäàåò âñå ñâîè ñòàðûå âåùè åå äðóçüÿì)

79 Joanna is upset because her parents didn’t let her go on an excursion with her friends. (Äæîàííà ðàññòðîåíà, ïîòîìó ÷òî åå ðîäèòåëè íå ïîçâîëèëè åé ïîéòè íà ýêñêóðñèþ ñ ïîäðóæêàìè)

80 The performance starts at 9:30, so we have plenty of time to go somewhere for an early dinner before this. (Ñïåêòàêëü íà÷èíàåòñÿ â 9:30, òàê ÷òî ó íàñ äîñòàòî÷íî âðåìåíè, ÷òîáû ïîéòè êóäà-íèáóäü íà óæèí ïåðåä ýòèì)

Ñàéò ðåøàê.ðó îòëè÷íî ðàáîòàåò íà ìîáèëüíûõ òåëåôîíàõ, èì ìîæíî óñïåøíî ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ âî âðåìÿ óðîêà. Òåëåôîí õîðîøî ïðÿ÷åòñÿ çà ó÷åáíèêîì èëè ðóêàâîì. Èëè ìîæíî ñêàçàòü, ÷òî çàáûëè ó÷åáíèê äîìà, à íà òåëåôîíå ó âàñ ýëåêòðîííûé.

10

10

Установите соответствие тем 1 — 8 текстам A — G. Занесите свои ответы в соответствующее поле справа. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

1. Travel memories

2. Animal lover magazine

3. Travel to stars

4. Star dreams

5. Popular hobby

6. Family magazine

7. People and nature

8. Animals are in danger

A. Most people who spend a holiday travelling take a camera with them and photograph anything that interests them – sights of a city, views of mountains, lakes, waterfalls, men and women, children, ruins of ancient buildings, and even birds and animals. Later looking through their albums they will remember the happy time they have had, the islands, countries and cities they have seen.

B. Of course, different people dream of different things. Someone wishes a calm and quiet life; others imagine their life as a never-ending adventure. The majority dream of something concrete: a villa in some warm place, an account in a Swiss bank, a splendid car… It’s interesting to know what the dreams of people who already have all this are. Celebrities, as we know, never hide their unusual hobbies, and often shock us with their extravagant behaviour.

C. It is Junior Baseball Magazine’s mission to provide information that enhances the youth baseball experience for the entire family. The player improves his skills and is more successful. The family enjoys the activity more and shares this precious time in their life. Junior Baseball emphasizes good sportsmanship, safety, physical fitness and wholesome family values.

D. The seas are in danger. They are filled with poison like industrial, nuclear and chemical waste. The Mediterranean Sea is already nearly dead; the North Sea is following it. The Aral Sea is on the brink of extinction. If nothing is done about it, one day nothing will be able to live in the seas. Every ten minutes one species of animal, plant or insect dies out forever.

E. Lots of people all over the world enjoy collecting stamps. Stamps are like little pictures. Very often they show the flowers or the trees which grow in this or that country, or they can show different kinds of transport of the country. Stamps may also have portraits of famous people on them. Some stamps show art work from the history of the country.

F. “Friend” is the title of my favourite magazine. It consists of 70 pages, with lots of colourful and bright pictures and provides interesting and useful information for people who love animals. The magazine includes numerous articles devoted to various topics connected with domestic animals, ways to take care of them, pet food, animal health and many other topics crucial for any animal lover.

G. People are beginning to realize that environmental problems are not just somebody else’s. Many people join and support various international organizations and green parties. Human life is the most important, and polluted air, poisoned water, wastelands, noise, smoke, gas, exhaust all influence not only nature but people themselves. Everything should be done to improve ecological conditions on our planet.

11

11

Установите соответствие тем 1 — 7 текстам A — F. Занесите свои ответы в соответствующее поле справа. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

1. trying to persuade people to do more with their phones than just call and text

2. that there would be more phones in the UK than there are people

3. and relying instead on actual call charges

4. that mobile phones would have over the next quarter century

5. the leap from phones as technology to phones as fashion items

6. and his son was making the first-ever mobile phone call in the UK

7. the move to digital technology, connecting machines to wireless networks

Mobile phones

On New Year’s Day, 1985, Michael Harrison phoned his father, Sir Ernest, to wish him a happy new year. Sir Ernest was chairman of Racal Electronics, the owner of Vodafone, A ___ .

At the time, mobile phones weighed almost a kilogram, cost several thousand pounds and provided only 20 minutes talktime. The networks themselves were small; Vodafone had just a dozen masts covering London. Nobody had any idea of the huge potential of wireless communication and the dramatic impact В ___ .

Hardly anyone believed there would come a day when mobile phones were so popular C ____. But in 1999 one mobile phone was sold in the UK every four seconds, and by 2004 there were more mobile phones in the UK than people. The boom was a result of increased competition which pushed prices lower and created innovations in the way that mobiles were sold.

When the government introduced more competition, companies started cutting prices to attract more customers. Cellnet, for example, changed its prices, D ____. It also introduced local call tariffs.

The way that handsets themselves were marketed was also changing and it was Finland’s Nokia who made E _____. In the late 1990s Nokia realized that the mobile phone was a fashion item: so it offered interchangeable covers which allowed you to customize and personalize your handset.

The mobile phone industry has spent the later part of the past decade reducing its monthly charge F _____, which has culminated in the fight between the iPhone and a succession of touch screen rivals.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18, обводя цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа.

Llandudno

Llandudno is truly a fine and handsome place, built on a generously proportioned bay and lined along its broad front with a huddle of prim but gracious nineteenth-century hotels that reminded me in the fading light of a lineup of Victorian nannies. Llandudno was purpose-built as a resort in the mid-1800s, and it cultivates a nice old-fashioned air. I don’t suppose that Lewis Carroll, who famously strolled this front with little Alice Liddell in the 1860s, would notice a great deal of change today.

To my consternation, the town was packed with weekending pensioners. Buses from all over were parked along the side streets, every hotel I called at was full, and in every dining room I could see crowds – veritable oceans – of nodding white heads spooning soup and conversing happily. Goodness knows what had brought them to the Welsh seaside at this bleak time of year.

Farther on along the front there stood a clutch of guesthouses, large and virtually indistinguishable, and a few of them had vacancy signs in their windows. I had eight or ten to choose from, which always puts me in a mild fret because I have an unerring instinct for choosing badly. My wife can survey a row of guesthouses and instantly identify the one run by a white-haired widow with a fondness for children, and sparkling bathroom facilities, whereas I can generally count on choosing the one run by a guy with a grasping manner, and the sort of cough that makes you wonder where he puts the phlegm. Such, I felt, would be the case tonight.

All the guesthouses had boards out front listing their many amenities – COLOUR TV, HOSPITALITY TRAYS, FULL CENTRAL HEATING, and the coyly euphemistic EN SUITE ALL ROOMS, meaning private bathrooms. One place offered satellite TV and a trouser press, and another boasted CURRENT FIRE CERTIFICATE – something I had never thought to look for in a B&B. All this heightened my sense of unease and doom. How could I possibly choose intelligently among such a variety of options?

I selected a place that looked reasonable enough from the outside – its board promised a color TV and coffee making facilities, about all I require these days for a Saturday night – but from the moment I set foot in the door I knew it was a bad choice. I was about to turn and flee when the owner emerged from a back room and stopped my retreat with an unenthusiastic “Yes?” A short conversation revealed that a single room with breakfast was for £19.50. It was entirely out of the question that I would stay the night in such a dismal place at such an exorbitant price, so I said, “That sounds fine,” and signed in. Well, it’s so hard to say no.

My room was everything I expected it to be – cold and cheerless with laminated furniture, grubbily matted carpet, and those mysterious ceiling stains that bring to mind a neglected corpse in the room above. There was a tray of coffee things but the cups were disgusting, and the spoon was stuck to the tray. The bathroom, faintly illuminated by a distant light activated by a length of string, had curling floor tiles and years of accumulated dirt packed into every corner. I peered at the yellowy tile around the bath and sink and realized what the landlord did with his phlegm. A bath was out of the question, so I threw some cold water on my face, dried it with a towel that had the texture of shredded wheat, and gladly took my leave.

12

12

Llandudno is described as a

1. fashionable 19th century resort.

2. beautiful growing resort.

3. place where Lewis Carroll lived.

4. place famous for its comfortable hotels..

13

13

The phrase “veritable oceans” in paragraph 2 refers to

1. hotel dining rooms.

2. hotel guests wearing white hats.

3. old people dining in cafes.

4. buses crowded with old Welsh people.

14

14

When choosing a guesthouse the narrator was worried because he

1. wasn’t good at making the right choice.

2. could not find a place run by a kind old widow.

3. did not know what to look for.

4. missed his wife for help.

15

15

The narrator thought that the choice of a guesthouse used to be easier because

1. all hotels had a private bathroom.

2. there were fewer options on offer.

3. there were fewer guest houses.

4. they were all of B&B type.

16

16

Why did the narrator agree to the room?

1. He felt sorry for the landlord.

2. He could not refuse the offer.

3. It was really cheap.

4. There was a TV and a coffee maker.

17

17

Why was the bath out of the question?

1. The water was too cold.

2. There was no hot water.

3. The bathtub was dirty.

4. There was no light.

18

18

What is the narrator’s attitude towards the room he stayed in?

1. Surprised.

2. Indifferent.

3. Positive.

4. Critical.

АНГЛИЙСКОЕ АУДИРОВАНИЕ – уже долгое время является гармоничной частью различных тестов по английскому языку, включая ЕГЭ. Сегодня мы рассмотрим аудирование, которое предлагается для сдачи единого государственного экзамена, и попробуем свои силы в прохождении этого этапа.

Итак, прежде всего следует сказать, английское аудирование на ЕГЭ проводится в двух видах – монологическом и диалогическом. Проще говоря, вы будете аудировать монологи и диалоги на английском языке.

ЗАДАНИЕ 1 (из ЕГЭ)

В качестве первого задания обычно предлагается ряд непродолжительных сообщений, которые вы должны понять и запомнить. Далее вы должны соотнести эти сообщения с высказываниями, данными в ким (контрольно-измерительных материалах, т.к. в бумажных тестах).

Давайте посмотрим на конкретный пример. Представьте, что вы пришли сдавать егэ по английскому языку и собираетесь пройти английское аудирование. Вы получаете следующее задание:

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего А-F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1-7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды.

Прочитав это задание, вы должны настроиться на: а) двойное прослушивание записей (так что не расстраивайтесь, если что-то вдруг не расслышали с первого раза), б) соотнесение смысла высказываний со смыслом данных утверждений, в) одно лишнее утверждение.

Теперь настала пора познакомиться с утверждениями, к которым следует подобрать звучащее соответствие:

1. Before such tours you should learn how to move and breathe in rapid water.
2. This company ignores tourists’ safety.
3. Rafting can be life-threatening.
4. This kind of tour is for strong and fit people.
5. Professional staff make these difficult tours fun.
6. If you secure your life jacket properly, you’ll come home safely.
7. Team spirit and optimism are important in such tours.

Помните, что одно из высказываний лишнее.

Итак, давайте приступим к выполнению непосредственного задания на английское аудирование и послушаем сами высказывания:

Play Задание 1


ответ

Вот правильные ответы:

A-2
B-4
C-7
D-5
E-1
F-3

Вот тексты, которые вы услышали в первом задании:

Speaker A: Our trip with this company started with manually dragging our boats round the first Beginner’s Luck rapids. Well, I fell on the rocks while doing this and injured my elbow. This company has a strange view on safety! Our guide, with 9 years of experience, did nothing to prevent our boat from being turned upside down, throwing all three of us into the water. So I am begging you: do yourself a favor – please use another boating company!

Speaker B: This trip isn’t about being rowed down a river. You will paddle, feel pain and get bruises. You wear a helmet and life jacket for a reason. You need to be at a basic level of physical fitness; there is some climbing up and down rocks and on uneven ground, and it’s slippery. You need to paddle sitting in an awkward position. You have to be able to get up and down quickly. You have to listen and respond to directions. If you really can do that, sign up!

Speaker C: At the end of the day, don’t be lazy. We’re all tired; we’re all sore and bruised, so what? Help take your boat up. Not doing that is considered rude. And please don’t be pessimistic, gloomy or unpleasant because it may annoy the people around you who are trying to hear the guides and have a fun day with family and friends. Kids can go too, but they need to be at least 90 pounds, or at least twelve years old, and they need to be good swimmers and listeners.

Speaker D: I’ve gone with this company twice now and I enjoyed it both times. There are several rafting companies out there but you won’t meet personnel as qualified as you meet here. These people are doing what they love. I would not take these trips without a guide as I’d kill myself. They get you down safely and allow you to have fun between the rapids! Food was good and every time we passed another outfitter, it became evident we chose the best one!

Speaker E: There is a common assumption that life jackets keep your head above water at all times. WRONG – they are constructed to be able to float in water, so in any case you will pop to the surface. But waves and river currents are strong enough to take you under water for brief periods. A good rafting company typically provides a course on how to breathe strategically in rapids, but most beginners usually forget all that in the panic of being in the water.

Speaker F: I almost got killed in a white water rafting trip. This is how it happened. I rafted a very fast river. The guy in front of me lost his footing, banged into me and we both fell in. Our boat panicked, so we were rescued by another one 10 minutes later. We were heavily injured and I was barely conscious. My life jacket did NOT protect me from going under the crashing pull of white water. Don’t listen to those who say that rafting is safe, it is dangerous!

ЗАДАНИЕ 2 (из ЕГЭ)

Узнав, что такое английское аудирование монологических высказываний, мы переходим к рассмотрению английского аудирования диалогической речи.

Ваше задание формулируется следующим образом:

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений A-G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Вы услышите запись дважды.

Как видите, вам надо настроиться на восприятие диалога. После двойного прослушивания диалога вам необходимо будет прочитать утверждения, данные в ваших бумажных контрольно-измерительных материалах и определить, является ли каждое конкретное утверждение верным (т.е. точно такая же информация прозвучала в тексте), неверным (т.е. утверждение противоречит устному сообщению) или не установленным (т.е. о такой теме даже и речи не было).

Вот эти утверждения:

A: Lucy wasn’t at school for several days.
B: Lucy felt bad because of overeating.
C: Lucy’s mother is a doctor.
D: Peter did exercises with the map of the UK.
E: Peter is not afraid of the test.
F: Peter offers his notes to Lucy.
G: Lucy and Peter are going to review for the test later.

Давайте прослушаем сам диалог:

Play Задание 2


ответ

Вот правильные ответы:

A-2
B-1
C-3
D-3
E-1
F-2
G-1

Вот диалог, который вы услышали в задании 2:

Peter: Hi, Lucy! You weren’t at school today. What is the matter? I was worried about you.

Lucy: Hi, Peter. It’s nothing serious, actually. I just felt a bit sick in the morning, so my mom let me stay at home.

Peter: You poor thing! And are you feeling better now?

Lucy: Yeah, much better, thank you. I guess it must have been the pizza that I ate yesterday. That was the reason for my bad stomachache. I had too much. But now, yeah, I feel all right. I think I won’t have to miss any more lessons this week.

Peter: But you haven’t been to the doctor’s office, have you? Won’t you have problems at school because you missed classes? When I was ill last month, I brought a medical certificate to school.

Lucy: Well, my mom called our class teacher, so I don’t think there will be any problems. Besides we don’t have many lessons on Wednesdays. How was Geography, by the way? Did you take a test?

Peter: Oh, no, we didn’t, but we revised the material for the test. The teacher asked several people to do exercises with the map of the UK at the blackboard, and then we had a sort of contest in groups where we had to find different mountains, rivers and lakes – the quicker the better, that was fun! And we also checked our homework and asked the teacher questions if we were not sure about the answers. You know, I feel well-prepared for tomorrow’s test now.

Lucy: Wait a second! Are we going to take the test tomorrow? I can’t believe it!

Peter: Yes, our teacher said that we are starting a new topic next week, so we have to finish this one tomorrow. Do you need any help with geography?

Lucy: Uh, if you can lend me your exercise-book with notes and checked homework, that would save me hours.

Peter: I am afraid I can’t give you my exercise-book right now because I have to revise the material for the test myself. But if you call me in two hours, we could probably study for the test together.

Lucy: Sounds like a great idea. And thanks so much for offering to help. It’s so nice to have a friend like you.

Peter: No problem. See you later then. Bye for now.

Lucy: Bye, Peter.

ЗАДАНИЕ 3 (из ЕГЭ)

После того, как вы разберетесь с диалогом, вас будет ждать еще одно задание диалогического типа – интервью. Вот, как формулируется задание:

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях выберите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую Вашему варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

Итак, давайте выполним задание 3 английского аудирования. Прослушайте интервью:

Play Задание 3


Вот вопросы:

1. Greg believes that his present professional success depends on …
1) rich experience.
2) putting pressure on himself.
3) his happy family life.

2. Speaking about his past Greg says that he …
1) never experienced a failure.
2) was too busy achieving his goals.
3) was a good family man.

3. What is said about Dina’s relations with Greg’s children from his previous marriage?
1) She tries to avoid meeting them.
2) She doesn’t know anything about them.
3) She is friendly with them.

4. Describing his relations with his little daughter, Greg stresses that …
1) she is brighter and more spiritual than his other children.
2) he now has the opportunity to give her enough attention and care.
3) it is quite difficult to raise a child at his age.

5. In his youth, Greg had a dream to …
1) act in westerns.
2) serve in the army.
3) play jazz.

6. What does Greg say about his age?
1) It has no influence on his career.
2) It has affected his strength and energy.
3) It makes him think about stopping work.

7. Which of the following may refer to one of the most important lessons of Greg’s life?
1) Anger helps to achieve a lot in life.
2) Life cannot be always perfect.
3) Plan your life and follow your ambitions.

ответ

Вот правильные ответы:

1 – 3
2 – 2
3 – 3
4 – 2
5 – 3
6 – 1
7 – 2

Вот текст интервью, которое вы услышали в задании 3:

Presenter: Hello everybody and welcome to our program “5 minutes with a star”! Today we have a well-known actor Greg Jones. Hello, Greg, so nice to see you today, thanks for coming.

Speaker: Hi, everybody! It’s my pleasure being here with all of you today.

Presenter: So, your acting career is on another high at the moment – to what do you attribute this?

Speaker: I think having a happy home really helps. It took me a long time to achieve that. I used to put a lot of pressure on myself to accomplish things… make money, gain experience… And I wasn’t a proper father and husband when I was younger. I learnt a lot from my failures in the past. Now, with my wife Dina, I’ve been able to realize what really matters and devote myself to her and to raising our daughter Marylen.

Presenter: I see. And do you keep in close touch with your older children?

Speaker: Yes. Actually, Dina is the person who brings everyone together. She doesn’t have any resentment about my previous marriage. She got acquainted with my first wife and it’s been really wonderful for me to see her be very open and want everyone to feel appreciated.

Presenter: Is it tough to raise a young daughter in your sixties?

Speaker: Absolutely not! I have more time, I understand more about being a father, and watching her grow up has been one of the greatest pleasures of my life. She’s an amazing girl – very bright, very spirited. It’s the first time that I’ve really been able to be the kind of father that I wanted to be, but because of my career ambitions, I never allowed myself the chance to spend that kind of time with my older children.

Presenter: Speaking about your career, what was your first big ambition?

Speaker: Well, when I was younger I wanted to become a jazz musician, which got somehow sidetracked when I was drafted into the army. After that it took a long time for me to get any good acting roles until I started doing Westerns. It took many years, even after I became quite famous, for me to understand what I really wanted to do.
Presenter: That’s interesting. And do you have any thoughts of retiring?

Speaker: Age is just a state of mind and I’m lucky as retirement isn’t enforced on actors and directors. I’d planned on not working after I was 39! But here I am at 69 and enjoying working more today than I have ever done. I think I shall go on while I have all that strength and energy.

Presenter: Do you feel you’ve learnt any lessons about life that you’d like to share with us?

Speaker: Life rarely goes the way you plan it. There are good things and bad things that happen to you all the time and you have to be able to admit that, deal with it and move on. When I was younger I was angry at the world, always full of ambitions, but now finally I’ve been able to relax.

Presenter: Okay. And my final question. What do you see as your biggest accomplishment?

Speaker: Well … My life now is exactly how I hoped it could be 20 years ago. Lots of things are important – my four children, professional success … But, I’d say, finding a good partner in life is true happiness for me.

Мы надеемся, что вы сможете освоить наш материал и сдать английский аудирование на максимально высокие баллы.

Добро пожаловать в раздел подготовки к егэ английский

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1) Установите соответствие между заголовками 1 — 8 и текстами A — G. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. Online community
2. Travel safety
3. Friend turned enemy
4. Social network safety
5. Unhelpful friends
6. Nature’s enemy
7. Online trouble
8. Helping the community

A. Have you ever had a friend who asks for favours all the time, but rarely gives them in return? They don’t think twice about asking you to do something for them, and whenever you bring up the problem, they brush it off as if it’s no big deal. Or they say that’s what friends are for, to help one another. It’s then that you realise they’re not much of a friend.

B. Joining a neighbourhood clean-up effort is an inspiring thing to do. It’s a direct way of making a difference in your world, and it helps improve your living standards. It’s also a great opportunity for getting to know the people who live near you, which might be useful when you’re in need, and vice versa. If your neighbourhood doesn’t do this sort of thing, now’s the time to start.

C. If you’ve ever had your identity stolen, you’re not alone. It happens to millions of people every year, and thieves gain millions of pounds from the activity. It often happens because a hacker has broken into our accounts by way of a computer virus we accidentally downloaded. If it happens to you, make sure you let your banks know to get your bank cards cancelled, and tell the police.

D. Belonging to a social network is a useful pastime. It gives us an opportunity to share our thoughts and news with a like-minded group of individuals all at once. We can even meet new people who either agree with our ideas or contribute to a constructive debate. It’s entertaining to read everyone’s posts, which are sometimes funny but can also be thought-provoking, or maybe even sad. It’s a useful experience nonetheless.

E. Whenever you go abroad, you must keep an eye on your belongings. You don’t want to become a victim of pick-pocketing. A useful tip is to place your money in your front pocket, as it’s less likely to be stolen there. It’s also wise to have your passport put away safely, or kept inside your jacket. Keep things zipped up, and never leave a bag unattended.

F. When we discard plastic items carelessly, an animal may find it and have an unfortunate incident. For example, the plastic rings that go round a six-pack of drinks cans can get stuck round a small animal’s neck. The animal might wear that piece of plastic for the rest of its life, or until someone comes along and removes it. We really should be mindful of where we throw things.

G. It’s a terrible feeling when you realise someone close to you is saying bad things about you behind your back. You feel humiliated and angry on learning the truth, that someone you trusted isn’t trustworthy at all. You confront them about it, and they deny ever saying anything. An argument may follow, but eventually you decide that this isn’t the kind of person you want to spend time with.

A B C D E F G
             

2) Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A — F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1 — 7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя.

Indian food in the UK

The British have had a close relationship with Indian food for centuries. The colonial ties between India and the UK began in the early 1600s, ___ (A).

In the late 1700s it wasn’t uncommon to see coffee houses serving curries alongside traditional British meals. The first dedicated Indian restaurant opened its doors in London in 1809, although it struggled due to peoples preferences to eat at home during that period. The owner ended up closing its doors after about three decades of service ___ (B).

When Queen Victoria staffed her kitchen with Indian cooks, popularity for the cuisine really took off. Cookbooks taught British homemakers how ___ (C).

There was then a cooling-off period for this spicy fare. A revolt in India against British rule in 1857 meant curry wouldn’t be so fashionable for a while. In the years after that, its popularity would ebb and flow, and by the late 1800s, ___ (D).

In the early 20th century, many people from the Indian subcontinent were migrating to Britain, and they bought up some of the run-down restaurants and transformed them into curry houses. Aware of people’s eating habits, Bangladeshi restaurateurs stayed open until late into the evening ___ (E). Soon enough, Indian food was popular again.

Today, there are hundreds of Indian restaurants across the UK. Some dishes have been modified to a certain extent, such as British versions which introduce beef into the recipe, ___ (F). Overall, the cuisine has become such a mainstay of the British diet that chicken tikka masala is referred to as a national dish.

1. French rather than Indian cooking was popular in British kitchens
2. an ingredient rarely used in India because many sub-cultures don’t allow it
3. due to some versions of Indian cuisine becoming popular for breakfast
4. due to the struggle of paying his bills while suffering from a lack of business
5. and the British soldiers in India craved the food when they returned home
6. to catch people when they were returning home from a night out
7. to make the most flavourful Indian dishes in their own homes

A B C D E F
           

3) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

In what way did the author sympathise with the lead actor?
1) She was mainly concerned about her illness.
2) She worried that the actor may never perform again.
3) She felt it must be hard to accept the situation.
4) She felt the actor had been put under too much pressure.


4) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

The expression ‘steal her thunder’ in the second paragraph means…
1) take a possession.
2) make someone feel bad about something.
3) take someone’s glory.
4) make a strong impression.


5) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

What does the author say about her preparations as an understudy?
1) The duties are largely unappreciated by others.
2) There is no one there to share the pain with.
3) She has to learn the role better than the actor she’s replacing.
4) She’s not required to do anything other than learn the main role.


6) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

Before the author learnt she would be playing the lead, she…
1) never thought the day would come.
2) hoped the day would never come.
3) did everything she could to prepare for it.
4) tried to get other roles in the play.


7) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

What happened when the director broke the news to the author?
1) She lost her strength and balance.
2) She made a terrible face.
3) She expressed that she didn’t think she was ready.
4) She was overcome with joy.


8) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

‘It’ in ‘I hadn’t thought about it before’ in the fifth paragraph refers to…
1) the role of Lady Macbeth.
2) being centre stage.
3) backing out of a commitment.
4) remembering her lines.


9) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

What concerned the author about the announcement?
1) What her fellow actors would think.
2) What the director thought.
3) What the audience would think.
4) What the director would actually say.

В данном задании дается связный текст с семью пропусками. В данной части экзамена это самое сложное задание. Для каждого пропуска предлагаются четыре варианта ответа, из которых только один является правильным. За каждый правильно выбранный ответ дается 1 Балл. За все задание можно получить максимально 7 Баллов.

ЦЕЛЬ ЗАДАНИЯ: Проверить умение использовать лексику в коммуникативном контек­сте с учетом специфики:

Форм одного слова и слов, близких по написанию и звучанию;

Ф Значений одного слова и его синонимов, антонимов, омонимов;

Ф Норм лексической сочетаемости, принятых в английском языке, и т. д.

СОВЕТЫ ПО ЭФФЕКТИВНОМУ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЮ ЗАДАНИЯ

Заранее ознакомиться с форматом задания и с требованиями по заполнению бланков для данного задания.

Во время первого прочтения

Просмотреть текст с пропусками, постараться понять его содержание.

Во время второго прочтения

1. Читать текст до пропуска. При работе с каждым фрагментом текста с пропуском ис­пользовать следующую логику:

♦ читать внимательно весь фрагмент, но особое внимание уделить предложению с про­пущенным словом;

♦ внимательно изучить все предложенные варианты ответа, выбрать наиболее подхо­дящий с учетом значения и норм лексической сочетаемости пропущенного слова. ОСОБОЕ ВНИМАНИЕ уделить Синонимам (у них могут Быть разные оттенки значе­ния, они могут иметь Различия в управлении и сочетаемости с другими словами), а также Созвучным словам или словам Со сходным написанием (у них могут быть раз­ные значения).

♦ прочитать предложение с пропуском еще раз, убедиться, что выбранное слово являет­ся наиболее корректным для заполнения пропуска. ОБОСНОВАТЬ СВОЙ ВЫБОР, оп­ределив, почему другие варианты неверны в данном случае. Если задание выполняет­ся Не на экзамене, проверить правильность сделанного выбора По словарю.

2. Обвести/ записать окончательный вариант ответа в тексте задания.

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 1

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22—А28. Эти номера соот­ветствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите Номер Выбранного Вами Варианта Ответа.

A New Family Member

Tracey and her sister had always wanted their own horse. And although neither of them had much spare money, they were about to ∣A22Their dream. The tricky part was not getting a horse but actually finding somewhere to keep one. But eventually Mrs Richards aGreed to let the girls ∣A23A small field at the far end of the farm. This was going to ∣A24Them J500 a year but it would work out at just over J20 per month each which was OK. The horse himself was coming from the Horse Rescue Charity. They would need to make a small donation every year to cover the cost of an animal welfare inspector who would visit twice a year. The ∣A25 Expenses after this would be for food and vet bills. But the two girls were

∣A26That they could manage and were committed to going ahead. And it was a big commitment. They were getting an eighteen month old skewbald colt named Domino. Horses often live over twenty years and the sisters were taking him on A27Life. Actually they had plans to get another horse as a friend for Domino. But first of all Domino would need to settle down. He had been badly treated by his previous owners and was still a bit nervous and difficult to ∣A28∣.

A22 I

1) realise

2) consider

3) have

4) believe

A23

1) borrow

2) pay

3) rent

4) lend

A24 I

1) charge

2) fee

3) pay

4) cost

A25 I

1) longest

2) biggest

3) hugest

4) tallest

A26

1) assured

2) comfortable

3) thoughtful

4) confident

A27

1) for

2) during

3) at

4) to

A28

1) deal

2) agree

3) handle

4) cope

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 2

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22-А28. Эти номера соот­ветствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите Номер Выбранного Вами Варианта Ответа.

Unlucky Travellers

Susan sat down, switched on her computer and was just about to read Her overnight emails when the door flew open. “Valerie! What are you doing here? You are A22 to be on holiday in Italy!”

Susan was astonished. She and Val worked together as receptionists at the hospital. Because she had expected to be on her own and working twice as hard, she was quite pleased to see Val. On the other hand she knew that Val was really looking ∣A23To her holiday. What could possibly have gone wrong? Val walked in but she didn’t say a ∣A24 word. It was clear that she was upset and tired. “What is it? What’s happened?” Susan continued. “Is everything OK?” Valerie was silent for some moments but eventually A25__________________________ . “You clearly haven’t

подпись: . why don’t you go somewhere in england? the weather well,” replied val, “it seems that we willbe ok to go . soHeard the news. Our travel company went bankrupt on Friday. We didn’t know and so went to the airport on Saturday morning. Actually we have spent the whole weekend at the airport hoping still to get a flight. In the end we gave ∣A26 and came home”. “Oh you poor thing,” Susan gushed. “Let me make you a cup of tea but then you should go home. You still have two weeks holiday to A27[ Is certainly nice enough at the moment.

To Italy still. We had travel insurance and it seems we will get all our money ∣A28[ We’ll try again in the autumn with a different travel company.”

A22 I

1) proposed

2) suggested

3) wanted

4) supposed

A23∣

1) for

2) around

3) forward

4) after

A24∣

1)separate

2) single

3) one

4) certain

A25∣

1) asked

2) said

3) ) spoke

4) told

A26 I

1) up

2) on

3) to

4) at

A27∣

1) make

2) take

3) manage

4) do

A28∣

1) back

2) still

3) agreed

4) together

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 3

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22-А28. Эти номера соот­ветствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите Номер Выбранного Вами Варианта Ответа.

The Tower of London

‘Her Majesty’s Royal Palace and Fortress’, ‘The Tower’ and ‘The White Tower’ are all names for the building most commonly known as The Tower of London. Construction began in 1078 but work ∣A22, on and off, over a period of two hundred years or more.

The Tower was essentially a fortress whose functions eventually extended to that of royal palace, prison, armoury, zoo, Royal Mint and observatory. Since 1303 it has also been used ∣A23Storing the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom. Today, however, The Tower is cared for by an independent charity and receives no funding from the governmEnt or the crown.

The Tower is probably best known for the famous prisoners who were ∣A24, and sometimes executed, there. In 1483 the 13-year-old King Edward 5ffi and his 10-year-old brother Richard were murdered there; apparently on the orders of their uncle, the Duke of Gloucester. ∣A25The most famous victim of The Tower was Anne Boleyn, the unfortunate second wife of Henry 8th. But Guy Fawkes, Thomas Moore, Sir Walter Raleigh and even the future Queen Elizabeth 1st were all imprisoned behind those fearsome walls.

Most people know the A26Legend that if the ravens ever leave The Tower — then the British Monarchy will be doomed. Possibly less people know however that the Tower was also one of the ∣A27Zoos. Lions, tigers and large ∣A28Of rare and exotic species lived

In the Tower gardens over 800 years ago.

∣A22

1) lengthened

2) continued

3) prolonged

4) increased

A23

1) as

2) with

3) for

4) to

A24

1) captured

2) maintained

3) found

4) held

A25 I

1) Thus

2) Consequently

3) Probably

4) Although

A26

1) ancient

2) prehistoric

3) antique

4) aged

A27 I

1) newest

2) youngest

3) earliest

4) soonest

A28 I

1) figures

2) groups

3) herds

4) numbers

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 4

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22-А28. Эти номера соот­ветствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите Номер Выбранного Вами Варианта Ответа.

Schools for gifted and talented: view of American scholars

Gifted programs often provoke controversy because there is no standard definition of what a gifted student is. There are six ∣A22 of ability often evaluated in order to determine

∣A23A child is gifted: general intellectual ability, specific academic aptitude, creative thinking, leadership ability, visual and performing arts, and psychomotor ability. They are ∣A24 by combinations of standardized tests, plus peer and teacher evaluations.

On the one hand schools for gifted and talented may ∣A25The emotional stress of isolation and peer rejection often experienced by gifted students in a traditional school. On the other hand — social development of a child may be impeded as a result of isolation from the general population.

We can’t deny the fact that gifted programs offer personalized instruction and enriched curriculum suited to the needs of students gifted in this or that area. Such programs allow students to learn at a highly ∣A26 rate according to their ability. School administrators in such schools hire gifted teaching staff and select teachers who can be a source of instructional innovation.

подпись: |а28.подпись: of misusingSuch schools normally have smaller classes and in general these schools for the gifted are few. Access ∣A27 them may be physically difficult because of their location. Besides, they may be not available for families with limited income asthey may be expensive. If such schools are publicly funded, they may be opposed as elitist and money that might go to traditional schools.

A22 I

1) districts

2) regions

3) parts

4) areas

A23j

1) whether

2) wherever

3) whenever

4) whereas

A24 I

1) calculated

2) quantified

3) determined

4) measured

A25

1) treat

2) relieve

3) simplify

4) improve

A26

1) hasty

2) prompt

3) accelerated

4) hurried

A27

1) to

2) for

3) at

4) in

A28

1) blamed

2) charged

3) accused

4) claimed

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 5

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22-А28. Эти номера соот­ветствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите Номер Выбранного Вами Варианта Ответа.

From High School to University Students

Some students find transition from secondary school to tertiary education painful. Well- known life is left ∣A22 with familiar home and community environment, parents, siblings, friends. Anticipation of unpredictable academic responsibilities and fear of failure, together with fear of disappointing one’s parents and friends ∣A23To the stress. They are both ∣A24 and afraid of new social responsibilities like dealing with roommates, instructors, male and female student friends. There is fear of not being accepted; fear of loneliness; anxiety and guilt about breaking with the past. They are on the edge of redefining themselves as adults, finding a satisfactory career, abandoning old friends and finding new.

What can be done to ∣A25 this stress? Firstly, it’s important to become ∣A26 with the university’s scholastic and non-scholastic programs: check the university’s website and request informational brochures. You can also visit the campus and introduce yourself at the Departmental office; talk to students majoring in the Department. If the university can provide the names of roommates, become acquainted in person or by ∣A27Prior to classes. Most Universities have orientation programs — first year student assemble on campus for a week before the start of classes. Orientation can be led by Departmental deans, instructors, and majors, introducing new students to academic procedures and standards, enrolling students in their first term classes, assigning ∣A28∣. each new student an upperclassman as mentor to help them adjust to their first year at the university.

I A22∣

1) back

2) behind

3) apart

4) aside

I A23∣

1) multiply

2) raise

3) rise

4) add

I A24∣

1) eager

2) liking

3) wanting

4) keen

I A25 I

1) shorten

2) eliminate

3) refuse

4) release

I A26∣

1) aware

2) conscious

3) acquainted

4) sensitive

I A27 I

1) correspondence

2) communication

3) interaction

4) post

I A28∣

1) to

2) for

3) at

4) —

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 6

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22-А28. Эти номера соот­ветствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.

Education in the UK: Pages of History

Prior to 1944 the British secondary education system was rather haphazard. Schools were created by local governments, private charities, and religious foundations. Schools varied greatly by region. ∣A2¾ Was not available to all, and secondary schools were mainly for the upper and middle classes.

подпись: a24In 1944, secondary education was A23 as a right for all children, and universal, free education was introduced. From 1944 to 1976 state-funded secondary education of three types of schools (the Tripartite System): Grammar School, Secondary

Technical School and Secondary Modern School. The basic assumption of the Tripartite System was that all should be entitled to an education appropriate to their nEeds and abilities. It also assumed that students with different abilities should have a different ∣A25. Pupils were assigned to one of the three types of school according to their performance in an examination taken at age eleven, the Eleven Plus examination.

Grammar Schools were intended to A26A highly academic curriculum. There was a strong focus on intellectual subjects, such as literature, classics and complex mathematics, aimed A27 developing students’ ability to deal with abstract concepts. Secondary Technical Schools were designed to train children with ability in mechanical and scientific subjects. The focus of the schools was on providing scientists, engineers and technicians. Secondary Modern Schools would train pupils in practical skills, equipping them for less skilled jobs and home management.

Due to the expense of building facilities for three types of schools, very few Technical Schools were built, and education in the UK retained its class character: the upper class children attended Grammar School which received the lion’s share of funding, lower class children attended Modern Schools which were largely neglected. Only children who |А28|_ to Grammar Schools had a real chance of getting into a university.

I A22

1) Access

2) Attendance

3) Entrance

4) Reception

I A23

1) recognized

2) recalled

3) found

4) realised

I A24

1) inserted

2) included

3) contained

4) consisted

I A25

1) agenda

2) curriculum

3) courses

4) plan

I A26

1) instruct

2)learn

3) teach

4) study

I A27

1) on

2) at

3) to

4) for

I A28

1) attended

2) admitted

3) went

4) graduated

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 7

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22-А28. Эти номера соот­ветствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите Номер Выбранного Вами Варианта Ответа.

Globalisation

Globalisation is good and bad and inevitable. It is good or at least useful economically because it lowers ∣A22To trade and increases the flow of goods, labour and services. It has both ∣A23In and encouraged legal migration, and tourism. It has shared the best of the world’s musical culture, sport, TV and films, fashion and dance. It has made the world both familiar and strange. In any main Street from Moscow to Los Angeles or London to Sydney — one can eat Chinese, Indian, Italian or Thai cuisine and it seems perfectly normal. Globalisation has reduced (many argue) the ∣A24Of global conflict and it has aided the development of world health policies and humanitarian aid. The charity concert “Live Aid” was watched by 400 million viewers in 60 countries.

But Globalisation is also dark. The process began through “discovery” and colonization. It demanded integration ∣A25The expense of local independence, colour and “difference”. It grew out of monstrous transnational corporations that became so powerful that neither trade unions nor governments had the power to hinder. It came with the opportunity to produce goods on an unprecedented scale at previously unimagined prices. Globalization ∣A26 to the independent manufacturers of the world — “grow with us, or die”.

And Globalization is inevitable. Elements of the late 20th century phenomenon can be seen throughout history in the rise and fall of every empire: where dress, cuisine, culture and even language were ∣A27 across continents. Many believe that it is now US culture that has displaced traditional diversity, local uniqueness and identity. Personally I am unable to argue for or against globalisation. It is truly ∣A28And utterly terrible and completely inevitable.

I A22

1) obstructions

2) blockades

3) difficulties

4) barriers

I A23

1) caused

2) affected

3)founded

4) resulted

I

I A24 I

1) opportunity

2) occasion

3) likelihood

4) reason

I A25 I

1) at

2) for

3) on

4) by

I A26 I

1)spoke

2) told

3) said

4) talked

I A27

1) exposed

2) imposed

3) imported

4) obliged

I A28

1) well

2) good

3) nice

4) superior

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 8

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Quarrelling Neighbours

England and France are neighbours and have a famous 1000 year old, love-hate ∣A22. An early milestone was 1066, when William of Normandy conquered England. As any English football fan will ∣A23You “It’s their fault, they started it!” and ever since there has been conflict; both “teams” selecting their own highlights! The English generally choose the Battle of Agincourt (1415) and of course the ∣A24 of Napoleon (conveniently forgetting that several other nations were actually involved). A more recent low occurred wHen Churchill ordered the sinking of the French Fleet after France surrendered to Germany. ∣A25 many claim the UK’s role in the liberation of France rather made up for this!

English-French rivalry continues to the present time — in sport, language and culture. In any big sporting tournament (especially football or rugby) the French become “Frogs” — a nickname derived ∣A26The (inexplicable to English taste) French inclusion of frogs, snails and other unmentionables in their cuisine.

In the last decades the French have even battled against the invasion of the English language — “Le weekend”, “Le sandwich” and so forth. But it seems that the English language is a ∣A27Opponent. The rivalry recently flared up again most recently when London narrowly beat Paris in the bid to A28 the 2012 Olympics. But in fairness, since William “kicked-off” in 1066 there have been plenty of French victories as well, and in reality the nations are the best of friends as much as “best” enemies and their rivalry is often quite witty and entertaining.

A22j

1) relationship

2) rapport

3) acquaintance

4) connection

A23 I

1) talk

2) speak

3) say

4) tell

A24 I

1) loss ;

2) defeat

3) failure

4) collapse

A25 I

1) Thus

2) Although

3) Therefore

4) Nevertheless

A26

1) of

2) for

3) from

4) off

A27

1) tough

2) solid

3) heavy

4) hard

A28

1) accommodate

2) host

3) settle

4) contain

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 9

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A Night at the Museum

Friday 6th March 2010, was special for Laura, and me — our sleep over at the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH). I am guessing you’ve seen the movie? A22 in 2006 and called “A Night at the Museum” with Ben Stiller starring. It’s a kicking comedy about a night guard who ∣A23An ancient curse that makes the animals on display come to life every night and trash the place. ___

I am not sure if the night Laura and I spent at the museum was ∣A24By the film, but it was way cool. Fact, fact, fact! AMNH is one of the largest Museums in the world. There are 25 buildings and 46 ∣A25Exhibition halls set in fab grounds near Central Park, New York. There is a famous library, research labs and a totally awesome 32 million specimens. The night costs $129 per person. Grandma paid for us as early birthday presents.

It began at 5.45pm and ∣A26All the way to 9.00am on the 7th. It was real creepy as the doors swung closed and locked and the lights dimmed away. We switched on torches — and so our first mission began: Looking for fossil facts. I can ∣A27Describe to you walking through those dark halls, our torches cutting beams through the inky black. There was a way scary moment when a huge buffalo head lit up and made me jump like a wuss.

After some bites and coolin’ we settled down to sleep — directly ‘neath a 94 foot blue whale and next to a mighty fine Brown Bear. Luckily no animals came to ∣A28And we slept like babies. Wicked!

A22

1) Made

2) Done

3) Issued

4) Screened

A23

1)learns

2) opens

3) discovers

4) investigates

A24

1) aroused

2) encouraged

3) pushed

4) inspired

A25

1) constant

2) permanent

3) stable

4) steady

A26

1) ended

2) lasted

3) went

4) carried

A27

1) hardly

2) obviously

3) fairly

4) apparently

A28

1) alive

2) reality

3) real

4) life

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 10

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Blue Whale Watching

For years I have had the same dream about a blue whale. I see the sea darken as the gigantic mammal comes to the surface. Then I see the monster ∣A22At me through the clear green water.

But finally I am about to see my dream come true. Several months of planning had brought me to the warm waters off the southern tip of Sri Lanka. Less than an hour after leaving the harbour we A23At the location whales had been seen the day before.

подпись: lined up
to be the
Blue Whales are the largest creatures that have ever lived. Compared to the big“Blue” — elephants, hippos and the biggest great white sharks are tiny. My fellOw tOurists ∣A24The deck — all of us breathless with anticipation. Each of us A25 first to see the darkening of the sea.

подпись: boat was towards a cloud of wheeling seabirds a kilometre ahead. a sharp blow of wind sees the birds and suddenly the ocean becomes calm. i feel like i am close to the end of dreams. and then suddenly there she is. the most

I heard a shout behind me and suddenly the boat engines roared noisily as the my life’s ∣A28, to the realization of beautiful sight I have ever seen.

A22 I

1) watch

2) stare

3) see

4) observe

A23

1) arrived

2) reached

3) entered

4) achieved

A24 I

1) among

2) between

3) besides

4) along

A25 I

1) persuaded

2) convinced

3) determined

4) assured

A26

1) directed

2) set

3) pulled

4) parked

A27 I

1) after

2) to

3) forward

4) off

A28

1) trip

2)journey

3) travel

4) destination

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 11

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The Best Breakfast in the World?

The “Greasy Spoon” cafe on Arundel Road offers the best full English breakfast on the planet. Of course people ∣A22 about what “full English” should consist of but I think there is a small clue in the word “full”. This is a breakfast that knows no modesty. This is not a breakfast for those on a diet. It is the breakfast of Kings; it should be enjoyed ∣A23 leisure and last for the day.

That the “full English” (FE) contains both bacon and eggs is A24_____________ dispute. After this

There are different schools of thought. Sausage, mushrooms, beans, black pudding, fried tomatoes and toast are often ∣A25[ in different line ups and combinations competing for the best, all time classic FE. These are ∣A26 in different portions and styles and a decent breakfast is the almost guaranteed outcome. But an FE on Arundel Road beats all contenders for the best FE in the world because it includes ALL of these ingredients in ∣A27Quantities! They also serve hot toast on traditional toast racks with real butter. But best of all, each customer is served their own pot of traditional English tea (with tea cosy) which may be drunk with milk or cream. And all of this is offered for just J5 per person — and with a newspaper included! The Greasy Spoon is popular with working people and students alike. It opens early during the week for the lorry drivers and on Sunday mornings ∣A28 families come in and spend half the day there.

I A22 I

1) discuss

2) debate

3) quarrel

4) argue

I A23 I

1) for

2) at

3) on

4) in

I A24 I

1) beyond

2) behind

3) besides

4) below

J

I A25 I

1) contained

2) included

3) held

4) enclosed

I A26∣

1) suggested

2) advised

3) offered

4) intended

∣A27∣

1) generous

2) rich

3) luxurious

4) multiple

I A28∣

1) full

2) complete

3) total

4) whole

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 12

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A night at the Museum

Anna and Ira are best friends. They are both Russian but ∣A22⅛ the Southbank International School as their parents both work in London. They are fifteen now and are studying hard for their International Baccalaureate.

Every Saturday they love to visit museums and galleries in London and so now they have visited A23All of them. But, above all, their absolute favourite is The Natural History Museum in South Kensington.

They filled in an online A24Form and became “members”. This means they get free magazines called “Evolve” and “Second Nature”, get fast track entry to special exhibitions and they get invited to previews, workshops, talks and special A25____________________________________________________ . They even get to use the

Special member’s room where there are free refreshments, magazines and internet access. It ∣A26Them J56 For the year but they felt it was really good value for money.

Last weekend they took part in “Dino snores” — an event A27By the film “A Night at the Museum”. They were given a talk about bugs by TV nature presenter Nick Baker, explored the Dinosaur gallery in the dark on a torch-lit tour, watched films and played games, and then slept in sleeping bags under the shadow of the huge Diplodocus in the Museum’s iconic Central Hall. It was a night they’ll never forget. Although Ira and Anna are both interested in Dinosaurs — they are more interested in present day wildlife and most interested of all in ≡— Russian wildlife. When they go back to Moscow both want to study and eventually

Become wildlife research scientists.

A22

1) attend

2) visit

3) go

4) enroll

A23

1) about

2) almost

3) already

4) approximately

A24

1) application

2) admission

3) entrance

4) request

A25

1) dealings

2) actions

3) procedures

4) events

A26

1) cost

2) charged

3) priced

4) spent

A27

1) inspired

2) motivated

3) stimulated

4) encouraged

A28

1) struggling

2) preserving

3) securing

4) supporting

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 13

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Day schools VS Boarding schools

The majority of modern public schools in the UK and state schools in the USA — schools that offer free education— are со-educational day schools. Children that attend these schools remain in family settings with family support and nurture that helps to reduce the stress of ∣A22Any school for a child. They are able to retain contacts with friends and neighbours.

Being less expensive, these schools offer a wider ∣A23Of courses and activities. On the other hand, these schools have larger classes and lower academic standards as compared to more selective schools.

Pupils there have a greater ∣A24 of encountering bad social trends: drug culture, gangs, anti-intellectualism. Of course, much depends on the regional location and the administrative policy of each school.

Boarding or recreational schools have smaller classes with more individualized iNstruCtion; can often (though not always) boast higher academic standards that are focused ∣A25 making students more independent thinkers; encourage them to make many decisions on their own. Graduates of such schools may have an advantage when applying at more popular universities.

Students of such schools ∣A26Lifetime friendships and the so-called ‘old school tie’ — the system of after school, lifelong support and lobbying former schoolmates — can be truly applied in this case.

But there is the ∣A27[ Side of the medal: missed opportunities for parents to educate their children on values; disruption of family: homesick kids, parents missing their children; narrower and less-diverse ∣A28Contacts; expensive tuition.

A22

1) entering

2) starting

3) going

4) getting

A23

1) group

2) collection

3) mixture

4) selection

A24

1) ability

2) opportunity

3) chance

4) prospect

A25

1) on

2) at

3) for

4) to

A26

1) assemble

2) build

3) construct

4) design

A27

1) another

2) other

3) different

4) optional

A28

1) social

2) sociable

3) society

4) civil

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 14

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Times are Changing

I grew up in tiny village in East Anglia — population 210 people. Everybody knew each other and seemed to know everyone else’s business. What strikes me now — looking back ∣A22 40 years ago — is that the village contained several social groups and there were clear distinctions and unspoken (and certainly unwritten) rules of engagement.

We had two ∣A23Class families living in the village: The Brandings, who lived in the manor house, and the very honourable Archer family. The Brandings were well ∣A24But certainly not rich. They were extremely posh and so were the Archers who — on the contrary — were fabulously wealthy. But socially — the Brandings and Archers were ∣A25. They could socialise with the vicar and my family (because my Dad was an RAF Officer) but their contact with the other villagers was ∣A26To friendly but polite greetings. Then we had 8 or 10 middle class families; teachers, a scientist, a factory director and so on. In so small a village we knew each other well and socialised a lot.

The ∣A27 comprised of the true working class. They worked in shops, or on the farms. We had also had quite a few elderly couples who in their young days had been “in service”. We didn’t socialise but relations were friendly and we greeted on first name terms.

It’s all changed now of course. Our village is a small town — far too large to be anything like the community of my youth. I may be wrong, but it seems like society has contracted into featureless ∣A28And that nowadays people often don’t even know their neighbours’ names.

A22 I

1) above

2) over

3) beyond

4) behind

A23∣

1) upper

2) aristocratic

3) high

4) noble

A24∣

1) allied

2) associated

3) linked

4) connected

A25 I

1) commoners

2) equivalents

3) equals

4) parallels

A26∣

1) restricted

2) framed

3) enclosed

4) narrowed

A27∣

1) remnants

2) reminders

3) remain

4) remainder

A28∣

1) likelihood

2) sameness

3) neutrality

4) equality

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 15

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Education in the UK: Modern schools

The 1976 Education Act abolished the Tripartite System in favour of a system of free Comprehensive Schools that were ∣A22 to provide Grammar School education for all. In the UK today, schools reflect elements of both the Tripartite and the Comprehensive models.

The UK system of state schools is complex and ∣A23 the following types: Primary Schools (ages 4-11), Secondary Schools (ages 11-16), Sixth Form Colleges (non-compulsory, ages 16-18), Special Schools for children with physical, emotional and behavioral learning needs, City Technology Colleges (CTCs) and City Colleges for the Technology of the Arts (CCTAs) (ages 11-18). These schools provide a broad secondary education with special emphasis on science and technology and offer a ≡— _ range of vocational qualifications.

Grammar Schools remain and continue to select almost all of their pupils ∣A25 reference to high academic ability. Independent Schools are private schools that obtain most of their finances from ∣A26 paid by parents and income from investments. Some of them are

Selective but many are not. Some of the larger independent schools are ∣A27 as Public Schools. Most Independent Schools are Church Schools.

Most state schools (primary and secondary) are со-educational day schools, but some secondary schools accept boarders. Independent Schools include day and boarding schools and are mostly single-sex, although an increasing number of junior and some senior schools are co­educational. There has been a sharp increase in the number of children ∣A28Independent Schools, owing to the increasing dissatisfaction with academic standards at State Comprehensive Schools.

I A22 I

1) intended

2) aimed

3) offered

4) proposed

I A23 I

1) fits

2) includes

3) engages

4) composes

I A24 I

1) high

2) intensive

3) extensive

4) wide

I A25 I

1) by

2) at

3) for

4) about

I A26 I

1) costs

2) bills

3) fees

4) taxes

I A27

1) famous

2) known

3) notorious

4) familiar

I A28

1) accepting

2) entering

3) going

4) attending

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 16

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Mining in Australia

Australia is the “mainland” of the world’s smallest continent. It is mostly very flat and much of it is inhospitable desert. ∣A22Of the population lives in the South East and South West where there is a ∣A23Climate. But the weather played only a relatively minor part in establishing population centres. Many argue that the real story was about mining.

The early colonies in South Australia had a terrible struggle economically. But after significant silver, lead and copper ∣A24j were discovered in Southern Australia, the local

Populations began to grow. In 1841 silver and lead were discovered at Glen Osmond — now a suburb of Adelaide: Then came the discovery of copper at Kapunda in 1845.

But the big story was gold! The first “strike” was at Ophir, New South Wales in 1851. ∣A25Weeks more gold was found in the colony of Victoria. The Australian gold rushes had a major impact ∣A26, Victoria and Australia as a whole. They coloured every aspect of Australian society and elements of it are still clearly visible today. Victoria became the richest colony and Melbourne Australia’s largest city.

The population of Australia changed dramatically ∣A27Of the discovery of gold. In 1851 the population was just 437,655. 10 years later it was 1,151,947. The rapid growth came from “new chums” — recent immigrants from the UK and British Commonwealth. As a lot of Australians will be quick to tell you, much of the new wealth was “stolen” back to England. But enough wealth remained to fund substantial development in industry and infrastructure and to ∣A28The foundations for building modern Australia.

A22 I

1) Most

2) Many

3) Mainly

4) Main

I A23 I

1) temperature

2) temperate

3) tempered

4) temporal

L⅛24J

1) riches

2) stores

3) deposits

4) treasures

A25 I

1) Throughout

2) During

3) While

4) Within

[A2βJ

1) at

2) on

3) for

4) in

I A27

1) because

2) due

3) as

4)thanks

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 17

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The storybook wolf

подпись: year а22Josii Luis Rodriguez of Spain is the overall winner of The Wildlife Photographer of the — a wolf jumping over a gate! He visualized his photo many years ago, when Iberian wolves first returned to Bvila in the Castilla у Leyn region of northern Spain, and cattle

Ranchers ∣A23 war on them. His idea was a picture that would symbolize the ancient conflict ∣A24 humans and wolves, while showing the beauty and strength of this fabled

Animal. But it took a long time to find the ideal ∣A25, let alone a wolf that would jump a gate. His chance came when he found a landowner who was happy to have both the wolves and Josfi Luis on his property, and also had the ideal setting: a copse and an ancient, disused cattle corral.

подпись: а26Josfi Luis started by placing meat in the corral. Once he knew a male wolf was visiting regularly, jumping the gate, he began to introduce the bits of equipment needed to up a camera trap. At first, the wolf didn’t like the flash triggered by the trip beam, but after a few weeks he ∣A27 no notice of the light or the clicks of the hidden digital camera. Now that the wolf was happy and the camera ∣A28 was right, it was time to take the final picture with a medium-format camera. When the first transparencies arrived back from the lab, Josfi Luis was overjoyed to find he finally had the picture he had dreamt of.

A22

1) tournament

2) competition

3) test

4) race

A23

1) pronounced

2) revealed

3) broadcasted

4) declared

A24

1) between

2) among

3) within

4) amongst

A2δ

1) situation

2) sight

3) location

4) destination

A26

1) put

2) place

3) set

4) build

A27

1)took

2) received

3) gave

4) paid

A28

1) posture

2) positioning

3) posing

4) pose

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 18

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Christmas

As a small child I loved almost everything about Christmas. The excitement of Christmas Eve was almost unbearable. We’d go from house to house singing Christmas carols and be given hot mince pies and other ∣A22.

Before bed our parents would read us stories and eventualLy puT us to bed with warnings that Santa Claus would not come if we stayed awake. Before ∣A23Into bed we would leave out a mince pie for Santa and something for his reindeers as a “thank you”: For me Santa was the great hero and I never ∣A24That he would come down our chimney to deliver my presents.

I loved, as I mentioned before, “almost everything”. Immediately after ChristMas I was told by my parents that I had to write “thank you letters”. As a six your old, writing ∣A25One letter was a task, but several made a mountain — pressing down on my small world. “Why” I argued to my Mum “should I write to grandparents, aunts and uncles? Santa brought me all my presents”. ___

And my mother would lie to her son. ∣A26Lies of how Santa helped Granddad choose my toy car and with the help of elves and reindeer delivered it for Granddad — but that still I should thank Granddad for the small part he played in it. The following year her lies were even more devious as she tried to ∣A27Me convinced. As I eventually solved this annual mystery, I of course lost all A28For not writing the “Thank you letters” as the realisation dawned that Granddad had managed everything by himself.

I A22 I

1) surprises

2) treats

3) presents

4) souvenirs

I A23 I

1) getting

2) going

3) putting

4) lying

I A24 I

1) hesitated

2) suspected

3) mistrusted

4) doubted

I A25

1) only

2) yet

3) even

4) still

I A26 I

1) Vague

2) Elaborate

3) Complete

4) Formless

A27 I

1) hold

2) stay

3) keep

4) remain

A28

1) reasons

2) defenses

3) motives

4) excuses

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 19

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The Magnificent Six

This is a real life story. When I was about eight, I [A22An organization called the “Cub Scouts”. We met once a week and learned basic first aid and were trained ∣A23 various techniques related to camping and the outdoor life. For each skill learned, there would be a test — which if passed would result in earning a badge. These badges were cArefulLy sewn on our uniforms; green caps with yellow piping, green shirts with a type of scarf ∣A24j a

Neckerchief and short trousers. Our leader was called Akela — after the wolf pack____________ leader in

Rudyard Kipling’s “The Jungle Book” and we were formed in units of six boys — called a “Six” and led by a “Sixer”.

I can ∣A25 remember our Six. We were nicknamed “the dwarves” after the fairy tale “Snow White and the Seven Dwarves”. This was nothing to do with our height (and we were of course six rather than seven) but rather it was to do with our ∣A26. We were “Sneezy” (real name Richard), “Bashful” (OLiver), “Grumpy” (Jim), “Doc” (Henry), “Sleepy” (Rupert) and I was “Happy”. Only “Dopey” was ∣A27From the original seven! And really that was what we were like. Richard always seemed to have a cold, Oliver was shy, Jim always in a bad mood and so forth. But we all, without fail, had enormous fun — especially on our annual camping ∣A28 to the Lake District. Every day was filled with adventure and discovery and the reality was — we werd all truly happy.

I A22∣

1) entered

2) enrolled

3)joined

4) registered

I A23∣

1) in

2) on

3) at

4) for

I A24 I

1) pronounced

2) named

3) entitled

4) called

I A25 I

1) always

2) forever

3) ever

4) still

I A26∣

1) characters

2) features

3) dispositions

4) persons

I A27 I

1) away

2) missing

3) gone

4) absent

I A28∣

1) excursion

2) trip

3) travel

4)journey

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 20

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David Bowie

British Singer David Bowie was always famous for changing his appearance and his musical styles throughout his career. At the beginning, in the late 1960’s — he was compared ∣A22 fifties singers like Tommy Steele and Anthony Newley. Then he grew his hair and became “Major Tom” — a weird, futuristic space traveller — for his number one album called “Space Oddity”: His appearance made more remarkable for having one eye blue and one brown (the result of a childhood A23).

As the years passed he continued to change his appearance — often with fabulous and dramatic costumes that A24Each new stage character. After the “space phase” he created the character “Ziggy Stardust”. At this stage Bowie was the most important artist in the early 70’s glam rock era: His costumes sparkling in silvers, reds and golds and his bright orange hair feathered out like a flaming ∣A25. Then he became “Aladdin Sane” with a bizarre lightening flash motif painted on his face. Soon after this his hair was again short but wavy, he wore ∣A26Size suits and became an “American” soul singer before transforming again into

Yet another character — a central European “Thin White Duke”.

Probably of all British pop stars — he has become the one most A27[ with change and transformation. Even now after 40 years in the business, he continues to ∣A28Strange and original music for his countless fans worldwide. Some believe his 1972 hit song “Changes” predicted all this. It is a song about change and time and the inevitable conflict between one generation and the next.

A22

1) to

2) for

3) on

4) at

A23

1) incident

2) event

3) thing

4) accident

A24

1) described

2) named

3) defined

4) recognized

A25

1) lamp

2) torch

3)lantern

4) light

A26

1) above

2) over

3) extreme

4) upper

A27

1) related

2) fixed

3) combined

4) associated

A28

1) shape

2) form

3) make

4) do

Ключи

Первое задание (В4-В10).

Образование грамматических форм

Тренировочное задание № 1

Тренировочное задание № 2

Тренировочное задание № 3

В4

Stood

Islocated

Took

В5

Sheep

Larger

Eldest / oldest

BG

Strongest

Cooking

Mostimpressiυe

В7

Was swimming

Doesn’t/does not need

Standing

В8

Those

Cutting

Found

В9

Hasrealized

Nearer

Women

BlO

One

Best

Impersonating

Тренировочное задание № 4

Тренировочное задание № 5

Тренировочное задание № 6

B4

Broke

Others

Took

B5

Wasmurdered

Begins

Hadto

B6

Their

Walking

Waswearing

B7

Wasrecording

Me

Her

B8

Wereplayed

Biggest

Started

B9

Lasting

Closer

Advertising

BlO

Bigger

Trapped

Was

Тренировочное задание № 7

Тренировочное задание № 8

Тренировочное задание № 9

B4

Hasbeeneducating

Its

Societies

B5

Our

Arelooking

Worse

B6

Receives

Ar elocated

Fastest

B7

Toknow

Including

My

B8

Willhave∕have

Offers

Won, tget/Willnotget

Тренировочное задание № 7

Тренировочное задание № 8

Тренировочное задание № 9

B9

Tnorecheerful

Оиг

Hascoτne/сате

BlO

Arenot/aren’ Hncluded

Getting

Has joined

Тренировочное задание № 10

Тренировочное задание № 11

Тренировочное задание № 12

B4

Diaries

First

Beexperienced

B5

Most

Wasacknowledged

Windest

B6

Believed

Fell

Less

B7

Their

Bears

Discussing

B8

Biggest

Sailed

Willbe

B9

Falls

His

Knows

BlO

Arepresented

Didn’t Zdidnotrealized

Appearing

Тренировочное задание № 13

Тренировочное задание № 14

Тренировочное задание № 15

B4

Friend’s

Including

Involves

B5

Was covered

Hascontinued

These

B6

Fell

Isknown

Arelearning

B7

Used

Wereworn

Me

B8

Caught

Women

Eating

B9

Us

Enemies

Wasorganised

BlO

WascryingZhadbeencrying

Greater

Is

Тренировочное задание № 16

Тренировочное задание № 17

Тренировочное задание № 18

B4

Mostfamous

Made

Working

B5

Our

Him

Their

B6

Stepped

First

Their

B7

Heroes

Wastrying

Divided

B8

Beheld

Hadseen

Hasdeveloped

B9

Doesn’t / doesnotdeserve

Ran

Followed

BlO

Voting

Mostfamous

Greater

Тренировочное задание № 19

Тренировочное задание № 20

B4

Wascalled

Living

B5

Leading

Iscalled

B6

Fittest

Hidden

B7

Lives

Nightclubs

B8

Better

Togo

B9

Became

Couldnot/couldn’t

BlO

Third

Hasn’t/hasnottroubled

Второе задание (В11-В16).
Словообразование

Тренировочное задание № 1

Тренировочное задание № 2

Тренировочное задание № 3

Bll

Unpopular

Environmental

Fruitless

В12

Commercial

Preservation

Adventurous

В13

Mainly

Development

Significant

В14

Addition

Responsible

Generally

В15

Anxious

Politicians

Managerial

В16

Reality

Economic

Reality

Тренировочное задание № 4

Тренировочное задание № 5

Тренировочное задание № 6

Bll

Unpopular

Environmental

Tricky

B12

Commercial

Imagination

Impossible

B13

Daily

Responsible

Unpredictable

B14

Addition

Establishment

Resourceful

B15

Anxious

Visitors

Expensive

B16

Difference

Lives

Disagree

Тренировочное задание № 7

Тренировочное задание № 8

Тренировочное задание № 9

Bll

Necessarily

Educators

Feelings

B12

Activity

Independently

Hardship

B13

Highly

Inappropriate

Formation

B14

Routinely

Necessity

Unattractive

B15

Independence

Membership

Personality

B16

Academic

Easily

Impression

Тренировочное задание № 10

Тренировочное задание № 11

Тренировочное задание № 12

Bll

French

Artist

Believable

B12

Psychological

Notable

Connection

B13

Discouraged

Smoky

Indicators

B14

Ambitious

Violent

Remarkably

B15

European

Sadly

Investigations

B16

Tension

Surroundings

Distinctive

Тренировочное задание № 13

Тренировочное задание № 14

Тренировочное задание № 15

Bll

Greatness

Originally

Scientist

B12

Adventurous

Honestly

Achievements

B13

Important

Visitors

Scientific

B14

Generally

Certainly

Additional

B15

Industrial

Occasionally

Equipment

B16

Reality

Disagree

Subscriptions / subscription

Тренировочное задание № 16

Тренировочное задание № 17

Тренировочное задание № 18

Bll

Impossible

Certainly

Dramatically

B12

Indistinguishable

Invisible

Additional

B13

Buildings

Kingdom

Dangerous

B14

Realistically

Wonderful

Passionate

B15

Cultural

Expensive

Government

B16

Impressive

Disagree

Helpful

Тренировочное задание № 19

Тренировочное задание № 20

Bll

Residential

Physicist

B12

Permission

Achievements

B13

Responsibility

Unreasonable

B14

Accountability

Enthusiastic

B15

Healthy

Indignation

B16

Relaxation / relaxing

National

Третье (A22-A28).
Лексическое задание на множественный выбор

А22

А23

А24

А25

А26

А27

А28

Тренировочное задание № 1

1

3

4

2

4

1

3

Тренировочное задание № 2

4

3

2

3

1

2

1

Тренировочное задание № 3

2

3

4

3

1

3

4

Тренировочное задание № 4

4

1

4

2

3

1

3

Тренировочное задание № 5

2

4

1

2

3

1

4

Тренировочное задание № 6

1

1

4

2

3

2

3

Тренировочное задание № 7

4

4

3

1

3

2

2

Тренировочное задание № 8

1

4

2

4

3

1

2

Тренировочное задание № 9

1

3

4

2

2

1

4

Тренировочное задание № 10

2

1

4

3

1

4

2

А22

А23

А24

А25

А26

А27

А28

Тренировочное задание № 11

4

2

1

2

3

1

4

Тренировочное задание № 12

1

2

1

4

1

1

2

Тренировочное задание № 13

2

4

3

1

2

2

1

Тренировочное задание № 14

K 2

1

4

3

1

4

2

Тренировочное задание № 15

1

2

4

1

3

2

4

Тренировочное задание № 16

1

2

3

4

2

1

3

Тренировочное задание № 17

2

4

1

3

3

1

2

Тренировочное задание № 18

2

1

4

3

2

3

4

Тренировочное задание № 19

3

1

4

4

1

2

2

Тренировочное задание № 20

1

4

3

2

2

4

3

Справочное издание

Соловова Елена Николаевна
John Parsons

ЕГЭ
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

[1] Общеевропейские компетенции владения языком: Изучение, преподавание, оценка. МГЛУ, 2003.

[2] Поскольку весь возможный спектр уровней владения иностранным языком представлен в доку­менте Совета Европы лишь шестью уровнями, очевидно, что внутри каждого из них можно выделять определенные подуровни. Обозначение базового уровня ЕГЭ как А2+ означает, что из описания уров­ня А2 для подготовки заданий базового уровня разработчики ориентируются на дескрипторы, лежа­щие ближе к уровню Bl, а не к Al.

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