Areas of usage debate about privacy not easy to fly егэ ответы - Помощь в подготовке к экзаменам и поступлению

Прочитайте тексты и установите соответствие между текстами А–G и заголовками 1–8. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок.

A)Recycling is becoming easier and more widespread. Governments support companies that recycle waste. Also people prefer to buy things from companies that make their products from recycled materials. Reports say that people worldwide are starting to care more about what happens to waste products. For example, now Americans recycle almost 35% of their waste, while in the 1990s the percentage was much smaller.

B)In autumn 2004 a new body was created in Russia to protect the country’s natural resources. It’s called the Federal Ecological Service. The aims of the new institution are the following: to prevent environmental pollution and to control industrial waste. They say that the new governmental service has improved the state system of environmental protection in Russia.

C)Climate change is on us. Ten years ago we only spoke about it, now it’s happening before our eyes. Global warming is bringing unpredictable changes. The Arctic sea ice is disappearing; glaciers are melting faster every year. Due to heavy rains some rivers overflow, while others dry out. Disasters such as tornadoes and floods are spreading. Strong hurricanes are becoming more common and more destructive.

D)People burn plenty of coal, oil and natural gas. As a result of this billions of tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) are released into the atmosphere every year. CO2 is a greenhouse gas that traps the sun’s radiation within the atmosphere so the concentration of CO2 increases. As a result of this, temperatures in different parts of the planet rise.

E)Some cars are designed to work using electric power, without gasoline. It means that they don’t pollute the atmosphere, cost less and reduce the need for oil. Such cars are reliable and have interesting designs. However, they have a few bad points. Many have a maximum speed limit of about 50 miles per hour. Most cities are not ready for the appearance of such cars on their roads.

F)Environmental organisations have been discussing ways of saving the rain forests for many years. However, we are still facing huge losses in the Amazon. People think that rainforests have already had enough attention. They have been discussed in the press for years. Unfortunately, the rainforest is still in danger and can be destroyed completely.

G)Environmental problems are serious and we have to deal with them immediately. There may not be easy solutions but we simply can’t continue living as if everything was fine. These problems aren’t going to disappear by themselves. If we want to keep this planet a healthy place for our grandchildren, it’s time to do everything we can to stop the catastrophe.

1)A change in people’s attitude

2)A problem still unsolved

3)A new state organisation

4)A governmental plan of action

5)No time to waste

6)An eco-friendly means of transport

7)A set of dangerous signs

A reason for global warming

A)Nothing brings back memories like a particular smell. Whether it’s of Christmas pine, your grandma’s fresh-baked gingerbread, or cookies, the scents of Christmas are truly special. In the days leading up to this day, the house fills with the wonderful rich, spicy smells of vanilla, cinnamon and ginger coming from the kitchen, promising delights to come.

B)Some of the most pleasant scents after a hard day are vanilla, lavender, and scents with cinnamon or ginger. Each combination of aromas can influence you positively. For example, vanilla’s sweet scent can help you if you feel sad, lonely, or depressed. It is a naturally warming aroma. Cinnamon is good in case you feel tired; it also has a wonderful effect on your nerves, calming you down.

C)The ability to smell is linked to our ability to remember things. When you first smell a new thing, you connect it to an event, a person, or even a moment. As a result, later the smell of cookies might remind you of spending time at your grandmother’s house when you were a small child. When you come across the smell a second or third time, the link is already there, ready to bring out a certain mood.

D)There are certain smells we can identify from a mile away – almost as if they’re preprogrammed into our minds. One of them is vanilla. Today, vanilla is in our coffee, perfumes, tea, home products, body lotion, and everywhere! Both the scent and taste of vanilla are very strong and long-lasting. It is considered one of the most popular scents and flavours in the world.

E)A new study suggests that we can smell not only aromas but feelings as well – fear, happiness, disgust and joy. The experiments proved that we can find out how a person feels even if we neither see nor hear him. Nerves inside our nose take informative messages about the person and his emotional state to the brain. However, the mechanism of how this happens is not yet clear.

F)Our sense of smell does 80% of the job when we taste various foods. Without a sense of smell you can’t taste the difference between an apple and a potato or a glass of juice and a cup of cold coffee. This is why, when our nose is blocked by a cold, most foods seem tasteless. Our sense of smell becomes stronger when we are hungry.

G)There are many good reasons to believe that we all have our own particular smell. Research has proved that our smell might distinguish us from others just as our face does. Our smell is as personal as our fingerprints. For centuries the police have used this phenomenon to catch criminals. Maybe one day they will use our scent too.

1)A widely used aroma

2)Makes meals different

3)A relaxing effect

4)Scents and colours

5)Another unique characteristic

6)Holiday scents

7)Creating memories

Smelling emotions

A)Thanks to television and films, Scotland is often seen by the rest of the world as a magical country, a land of misty mountains and the home of a lake creature called Nessie. This is the image most people have in mind. The truth, however, is completely different from the way the world thinks of Scotland. You may be surprised to find out that most Scots live in the lowlands and don’t believe in Nessie.

B)Scotland is much more than green hills and picturesque valleys. It’s dynamic and cosmopolitan, with a colourful history of invention and innovation. It’s the home of big businesses and a centre of new medical and scientific development. Each year, it hosts the world’s biggest contemporary arts festivals. Scotland is an exciting place to live in, particularly for a young person.

C)Scottish heather, a small bush with flowers, is the floral symbol of the country. The colour of the flowers usually varies from purple to lilac, but they can also be white. In the past, the Scots believed that they would never be captured by enemies and would win victories if they wore white heather. Today, when getting married, girls add white heather to bouquets to bring fortune to their family.

D)Heather has grown in Scotland as far back as its history goes. This has turned it into a kind of household good. Heather honey is rich in minerals, and was traditionally used in medicinal drinks. Thousands of years ago, dried heather was used to make perfumes, and the tough stems were used to make ropes. On many of the northern Scottish islands, heather played a major role in the construction of houses.

E)Scotland is an excellent destination for open-air activities all year round. Its lakes and coastline are ideal for boating and rowing and have some of the best sea-kayaking in the world. The rivers are perfect for fishing and the mountains are wonderful for hill climbing and skiing.Scotland is also good for walkers. You can enjoy easy family walks or more difficult mountain hikes.

F)The Highland Games in Scotland date back to long before Scotland’s written history. The various athletics allowed men to demonstrate their physical power and the skills needed for battle and survival. The Games today still include the athletic competitions in their original form together with dancing contests. All the competitors wear kilts. Traditional bagpipe music accompanies all the events.

G)Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom, occupying the northern third of theisland of Great Britain. Edinburgh, the country’s capital and second largest city, is one ofEurope’s financial centres. The population of the country is a little over 5 million people. The currency is the pound sterling although the Bank of Scotland issues its own notes and coins.

1)A talisman for luck

2)The wildlife of the country

3)The modern side of the country

4)Useful in many ways

5)A country profile

6)A false stereotype

7)Opportunities for different sports

The national sporting event

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A)A woolsack race is one of the British local festivals that could be called strange. It started in Tetbury, a wool town, in the 17th century when young men wanted to demonstrate their physical strength. Since then, every spring men and women compete in teams to carry heavy woolsacks up and down the hill. The race events are complemented by a funfair and musical entertainments.

B)Midsummer was the time for the Cheese Rolling Ceremony in many places. Competitors gathered at the top of a hill. The Master of the Ceremonies let a heavy head of cheese roll down the hill. Brave runners raced down to be the first to catch it. However, the event was cancelled in 2010 due to safety reasons.

C)Another cheese ceremony is popular in the village of Randwick. On the first Sunday in May people roll three cheeses from right to left around the church. After rolling, the villagers cut up and share one of the cheeses. They believe that eating cheese brings health to their families.

D)The village of Marshfield, England, is famous for its Paperboys procession. People dressed in paper costumes go through the streets. They start from the market place and perform the town’s unique character play along the road. By noon they have done more than six performances for several hundred people.

E)Every January Up Helly Aa is celebrated in Scotland. People dressed in Viking costumes and helmets go through the streets of Lerwick. They hold flaming torches, sticks with the special material on the top which burns in order to give light. The strongest participants carry a full size model of a Viking ship to an open field. There the people throw lit torches into the ship and burn it.

F)Melbourne Cup Day is held in Australia, in November. Although Cup Day is a public holiday only in the city of Melbourne, the rest of the country refuses to be left out of the event. People gather around televisions and computers, whether at work, at home, or wherever they are, just to watch this world famous horse race. This event is often called ‘the race that stops the nation’.

G)In a village in Eastern England, an unusual race takes place every year. Three groups take part in the race – adults, children (under 11s) and teenagers. Each participant receives a frying pan with a pancake and has to race from one end of a field to the other, throwing the pancake into the air and catching it in the frying pan without dropping it. The winner is the first to cross the line.

2)Eating together

3)Important for the whole country

4)Lifting weights

5)Cooking competition

6)Cheese Rolling

7)In memory of the past events

A cookery sprint

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A)As in many other European countries, Britain’s main newspapers are losing their readers. Fewer and fewer people are buying broadsheets and tabloids at the newsagent’s. In the last quarter of the twentieth century people became richer and now they can choose other forms of leisure activity. Also, there is the Internet which is a convenient and inexpensive alternative source of news.

B)The ‘Sunday papers’ are so called because that is the only day on which they are published. Sunday papers are usually thicker than the dailies and many of them have six or more sections. Some of them are ‘sisters’ of the daily newspapers. It means they are published by the same company but not on week days.

C)Another proof of the importance of ‘the papers’ is the morning ‘paper round’. Most newsagents organise these. It has become common that more than half of the country’s readers get their morning paper brought to their door by a teenager. The boy or girl usually gets up at around 5:30 a.m. every day including Sunday to earn a bit of pocket money.

D)The quality papers or broadsheets are for the better educated readers. They devote much space to politics and other ‘serious’ news. The popular papers, or tabloids, sell to a much larger readership. They contain less text and a lot more pictures. They use bigger headlines and write in a simpler style of English. They concentrate on ‘human interest stories’ which often means scandal.

E)Not so long ago in Britain if you saw someone reading a newspaper you could tell what kind it was without even checking the name. It was because the quality papers were printed on very large pages called ‘broadsheet’. You had to have expert turning skills to be able to read more than one page. The tabloids were printed on much smaller pages which were much easier to turn.

F)The desire to attract more readers has meant that in the twentieth century sometimes even the broadsheets in Britain look rather ‘popular’. They give a lot of coverage to scandal and details of people’s private lives. The reason is simple. What matters most for all newspaper publishers is making a profit. They would do anything to sell more copies.

G)If you go into any newsagent’s shop in Britain you will not find only newspapers. You will also see rows and rows of magazines for almost every imaginable taste. There are specialist magazines for many popular pastimes. There are around 3,000 of them published in the country and they are widely read, especially by women. Magazines usually list all the TV and radio programmes for the coming week and many British readers prefer them to newspapers.

1)Traditional delivery

2)Loss of popularity

3)Money above privacy

4)The best-known newspapers

5)Focus on different readers

6)The successful competitor

7)Size makes a difference

Weekend reading

Прочитайте тексты и установите соответствие между текстами А–G и заголовками 1–8. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок.

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A)The world’s deepest lake, the Baikal, is in Siberia. It is also the largest freshwater lake in Eurasia and the oldest lake on the Earth. At least 1,500 unique species live there — they cannot be found anywhere else on the planet! The water in the lake is so clear that if you drop a coin, it can be clearly seen a hundred feet below the water.

B)People who live in the Baikal region believe that it’s a unique and mysterious place. According to them, the water from Lake Baikal can cure different illnesses, gives you strength and clears your mind. They also say that the lake was formed millions of years ago when a huge, hot rock fell to earth. It melted the ice around and that was how Lake Baikal appeared. The story about the meteorite has, however, never been proved by scientists.

C)The lake has also become famous for its unique fish and birds that are not found in other waters. The lake is home to more than 1000 animal species. Among them there are the world’s only freshwater seals. There’s no evidence of how the seals got to the lake but they obviously enjoy their life there. Huge brown bears often come to the lake out of the forest to hunt and fish.

D)Though Lake Baikal is located in a very remote place, and is difficult to reach in autumn and winter, it attracts thousands of visitors every year. A chance to see this unique place is worth the long journey! On the banks of Lake Baikal you can stay in a modern, comfortable hotel, take part in hiking tours and enjoy the untouched natural beauty. People who have visited Lake Baikal once want to return to the place again and again.

E)However, the growing popularity of the lake and the industrial development of the region have caused ecological problems. The safety of this unique natural ecosystem has been discussed at an international level. Now Lake Baikal is on the list of heritage sites protected by UNESCO. A federal state law about the conservation of the lake was also supported in Russia.

F)The lake attracts not only tourists but also many wildlife researchers, biologists and even archaeologists. The world famous explorer and scientist, Jacques Cousteau, and his team spent lots of time studying the deep waters of Lake Baikal. They also shot a film about their research that was broadcast by major TV channels all over the world.

G)Everyone considers the Siberian climate very severe, which is perfectly true for the Baikal region. The winters there are really freezing — the average temperature is as low as -25 degrees Celsius. Due to its location in the middle of the continent, the place is characterised by a sharp contrast between winter and summer temperatures. The summers are generally cool, with a few hot days. The sun shines brightly above the lake till late autumn.

1)Local legends

2)Special in many ways

3)Tourist аttraction

4)Diverse wildlife

5)Protection of the ecosystem

6)Extinct species

7)Scientific expeditions

Harsh climate

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A)Lions have caught people’s imagination for centuries. They are stars in documentary movies and books; their images can be found on emblems, coats of arms and shields. Lions live in the jungle, open woodlands or thick grasslands where they hunt. In their environment, lions are at the top of the food chain — adult lions have no natural enemies. If we call a person ‘a lion’ it means he is strong, aggressive and important.

B)Lions do not look the same as other members of the large group of cats: tigers, leopards, and jaguars. Adult male lions are much larger and have thick brown hair around their neck, which is called a mane. No other cats have manes. The mane makes the lion look more impressive and protects the animal in fights with other lions for territory.

C)Lions live in large social groups called ‘prides’. A pride can have up to thirty female lions and their children. Inside the pride there are mothers, sisters, and cousins. The pride has a close relationship and never accepts a stranger. They mark their territory by scent. There are very strict rules in the pride and everyone has to observe them.

D)Lions and lionesses have different roles in the pride. Females do most of the hunting. Together, lionesses guard and look after their cubs. The little ones feel safer and more confident with so many ‘nannies’ around. It also reduces the chance that they are left hungry. The females usually exchange their hunting and home duties during the day.

E)Male lions spend most of their day sleeping or relaxing. While it may look like the lionesses do all the work in the pride, lions play an important role too. Though they bring less food and hunt less, they mark their territory and protect it from strangers. A lion from outside the pride is very dangerous for cubs. If he gets into the pride, he may kill all the little ones there.

F)When new lions are born, they are not shown to the rest of the pride for a month, until the cubs become strong enough. Later they start playing together and have a lot of playmates. If needed, any lioness becomes their nurse and teacher. Small lions have to learn hunting and survival skills. When they are two years old, male lions leave the pride to live on their own. The females may stay with their mothers for the rest of their lives.

G)In the wild, lions eat mainly meat. That’s why they greatly depend on hunting. Their favourite dishes are zebras, deer, and even young elephants and rhinos. When hungry, they chase mice, birds and reptiles. Very rarely they may eat fruit and vegetables, but it is never their first choice. In zoos and national parks, where the lions cannot hunt, they are offered special meals made of beef and chicken.

1)King of the wild

2)Different from the others

3)Early years

4)Hunting habits

5)A big family

6)Team work

7)The lion’s responsibilities

Their essential diet

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A)The London Underground is the quickest and easiest way of getting around the city. Today it is as important a landmark of the capital as Big Ben or the London Eye. The underground is often called the Tube because of its shape: tube shaped tunnels, stations and trains. The Tube became an official name for the first time in the early 1900s, after the Central London Railway (now the Central Line) was named the Twopenny Tube.

B)In 1956 the red London double-decker bus appeared on the London streets for the first time. At that time, the London buildings had gone black because of smoke from the coal used for heating. What’s more, due to the local climate and lack of wind, there was always fog in the city. Under such gloomy circumstances, the bright-red London double-decker bus became a sensation! In the past 50 years, the red double-decker has become an icon of London.

C)Oyster is an electronic smart card ticket. Regardless of whether you live in London, or you are a tourist, a day trip visitor, or a regular visitor to the capital, the Oyster Card is definitely the easiest way to travel around the London Transport system. Simply touch the card on the yellow reader to get through the Tube gates or board other London public transport. The card doesn’t even need to be removed from your purse or wallet to work.

D)The London Transport Museum is worth visiting. Entrance is not free but the price of £15 for a year pass is more than reasonable. The exhibitions displayed in the museum present London transport in its historical context. There are more than 80 vehicles, including a red London bus and the world’s first Underground train. The galleries are full of interactive exhibits for young people to play on – including real buses and trains!

E)In London there are around 23 000 taxis. The taxi drivers know every corner of London because all of them have to take an exam, called the Knowledge. This exam supposes that the candidate driver can recognize most of the 20 000 London streets and knows how to choose the shortest route between two points. Each taxi driver should also know all the parks, cinemas, theaters and museums in the city.

F)Over the last few years, cycling around London has been getting more and more popular. The reasons are obvious — there is no ‘carbon waste’ and it prevents obesity and heart disease. For tourists, it is often also the quickest and the easiest way to see London, with the bonus of getting some exercise. The casual user hires a bike at one of the numerous bike stations, rides it where he or she wants and then returns it to any of the docking stations.

G)If you’ve ever been to Britain, one of the first things you will have noticed is that the British drive on the wrong side of the road. They drive on the left! The reason for this goes back to the days when people travelled on horses. Most people are right-handed and the left is the natural side to ride on if you are on horseback — you need your right hand to hold a sword in case of any trouble.

1)Capital experts

2)A place to see history

3)Popular tourist routes

4)Named after its form

5)An easy way to pay for the trip

6)A healthy form of transport

7)A contrast to the dark city

Why driving on the other side

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A)New Zealand is an island country. Cruises to New Zealand are a perfect way to explore over 15,000 km of coastline and to enjoy the spectacular landscapes this diverse country has to offer. Cruising to New Zealand is a well-established tradition. Until the 1960s, it was the only way to arrive in the country.

B)The climate is pleasant in all seasons, though it’s rather windy. Wellington, the country’s capital, is known as the Windy City. The strongest winds blow from the south. The wind speed and direction can be seen from the flag flown from the Parliament. A large flag is flown only on calm days and a small flag is flown when windy days are expected.

C)More than a century before Columbus crossed the Atlantic to discover America, the Maoris sailed over thousands of kilometers of ocean to settle in New Zealand. They made their great journey in double canoes. Today, Maoris make up 14% of the country’s population and their history, language and traditions are central to New Zealand’s identity.

D)Before humans settled in New Zealand, it had an incredible variety of birds. As they had no natural enemies to fly away from, wings became unnecessary for some birds. When Maori and, later, Europeans came to New Zealand, they started to hunt birds. They also brought predators, including rats. The new enemies and loss of territory led to the reduction in the birds’ populations and to the complete extinction of some species.

E)Ever since the first ‘Lord of the Rings’ film was released in 2001, New Zealand has been known as the ‘Home of Middle-earth‘. New Zealand’s dramatic scenery plays the mythical world of Middle-earth on the big screen in both ‘The Lord of the Rings’ and ‘The Hobbit’ trilogies. More than 250 places throughout the country were used as locations for the films, which made New Zealand the greatest destination for Tolkien enthusiasts.

F)Auckland is the largest city, and is sometimes called the ‘crime capital’ of the country. Violent crime is not common in New Zealand but minor crimes are committed there quite often. A major problem is theft, primarily from cars -travellers should avoid leaving valuables in vehicles, no matter where they are parked. Actually, according to criminal statistics, tourist parking areas and car parks are the worst places.

G)Auckland’s diverse landscapes provide countless opportunities to be impressed: rainforests and black sand beaches, picturesque country gardens and calm bays. However, this region is spotted with 48 volcanic cones. Rangitoto Island, just a 25-minute ferry ride from Auckland, is the region’s most iconic volcano and a favourite day trip destination for visitors. But who knows when the trip might be interrupted?

1)Beware of thieves

2)The best way to get there and get around

3)A beautiful but dangerous land

4)Weather watching

5)National sports

6)The first inhabitants

7)Attractions for fantasy book fans

Once safe, now endangered

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A)Bamboo is one of the fastest-growing plants on the Earth. Some people think bamboo is a tree, but it is not – bamboo is grass though some species can grow over 30 meters! People use bamboo for different purposes: to build and decorate houses, to produce textiles and paper, to make food and drinks. Recently, a new practical application for bamboo has been suggested: in the bicycle industry.

B)More and more Londoners prefer to use bicycles to get to their offices in the city centre. The latest model of this popular form of transport was presented at the motor show in Birmingham. It was made from bamboo. The designers, from Oxford Brooks University, say they have invented a bamboo bike not only for ecological reasons. According to them, bamboo is as safe as metal.

C)The new bikes will be produced in Yorkshire. At the beginning the price of a bike might be rather high — about 1700 pounds. Nevertheless, the designers expect that the model will be successful on the market. Its growing popularity will finally bring down the price. By the year 2014, the company is planning to produce five hundred thousand bamboo bikes for the British.

D)One of the inventors of the new technology, James Bruton, teaches at the University. During one of his seminars, students were testing different materials and chose bamboo. They discovered that its characteristics were ideal for long journeys because it stopped vibration. The whole journey becomes more pleasant than on a metal bike and the cyclist will be less tired.

E)Not everyone, however, believed in the safety of bamboo. Skeptics doubted if it could stand long distances. They argued that a metal frame helped the wheels turn faster. As a result, engineers decided to test the bamboo in a real situation. They rode twenty kilometers in the hills. The experiment was successful in spite of the difficult conditions.

F)During the project, designers had to solve another problem: what sort of bamboo to use, as not all of them were suitable for making a bike. Finally, from more than a thousand varieties, the scientists chose only one. Another important detail is that the bamboo should be cut at a definite stage of growth.

G)The director of the Raw Bikes Company, Rachel Hammond, says she would support the idea of a bamboo farm. She has been interested in bamboo bikes for a long time. Once she rode the bike, she felt comfortable and happy. Now Rachel has an idea to make bamboo bikes for import. Although production takes several days, she is sure the model is attractive and will have a long life.

1)Useful in many ways

2)An unusual material

3)A real enthusiast

4)Ambitious sales plans

5)А road test

6)A cycling competition

7)Excellent qualities

The right kind of bamboo

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A)Coca Cola appeared in Atlanta, Georgia, 1886. Doctor John Pemberton made a special syrup, but he kept its components secret. He added some mineral water to it and took the new product to the chemist’s. There the syrup was sold for five cents a glass. Pemberton told everyone that Coca-Cola cured many illnesses, including headaches, stomachaches, and nervous breakdowns.

B)Coca Cola was first sold in ordinary bottles. In 1915, the company held a competition to create a new bottle for their drink. They said it should be a bottle that would make Coca Cola different from all other drinks. Even today the shape of Coca Cola bottle is one of the most recognized packages on the planet…»even in the dark!».

C)The famous Coca Cola symbol was created by John Pemberton’s colleague, Mr. Robinson. He thought that two letters «C» would look great in advertising. Besides, the red and white colours were simple and effective. Red was energetic and bright and so would attract young people. As for the style of writing, it was just popular in the United States during that period.

D)Before the 1930s, Coca Cola was only considered to be a drink for warm weather so the company started a campaign to remind people that Coca Cola was a great choice in any month. For this a talented artist drew pictures of a happy Santa Claus enjoying a drink of Coke. The pictures were published in magazines and made Cola even more popular.

E)Coca Cola was one of the first companies that invested money in public projects. For example, the company is proud to be an old and devoted partner of the Olympic Games. This connection began in 1928 with the Games in Amsterdam. Since then the company has sponsored lots of football, hockey, and basketball competitions.

F)The Coca Cola Collectors Club was formed in 1974 by a small group of people. Today it has become international with more than 5,000 people from 28 countries. Club members collect everything connected with Coca Cola: bottles, posters, newspaper articles, postcards – everything. They sometimes meet to exchange their treasures.

G)Today there are 16 special variants of the original Coca Cola recipe. Some have less sugar or no sugar at all. Such Coke is chosen by those who want to keep fit. Children may prefer a cherry or a vanilla flavour. The drink also changes from country to country, reflecting national preferences. For example, if you travel to France, you can try the unusual orange Coca Cola.

1)Supporting sports

2)A remarkable container design

3)A universal medicine

4)A smart symbol

5)The drink ingredients

6)Good in any season

7)A fan society

The drink varieties

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A)Sport can be a great way to develop life skills. It helps you to learn about teamwork, self-control, and competition. You set your goals and do your best to reach them. In a good sporting environment, children have the opportunity to make new friends and develop new interests. Sport also keeps you fit and greatly improves your health. If you do sports, you have no weight problems.

B)German planes have finally managed to save a climber from one of the world’s highest mountain peaks. Tom Gummar, a Slovenian, was trying to climb the mountain when he ran into difficulties. He had spent nearly a week six-thousand metres above the ground. All the previous attempts to save him had been unsuccessful because of snow storms. Only yesterday the planes managed to reach him and now his health is improving.

C)The Ancient Olympic Games were held in Greece. The beginning of these games is surrounded with mystery and legend. One of the most popular myths says that Heracles was the first who called the Games «Olympic». He started the tradition of holding them every four years. The legend continues that he built the Olympic stadium in honour of his father.

D)Former Wimbledon winner Maria Sharapova is back at the US Open semi-finals. «It’s been a long road back to the tournament,» said Sharapova, who spent 10 months off court with a shoulder injury that needed serious treatment. “Now I’m in good shape again and hope to repeat the 2006 title win,” she added.

E)Chelsea was founded in 1905 and it soon entered the Football League. In the early years they saw little success. From the very beginning Chelsea had a reputation for inviting famous footballers to play for them but the team changed dramatically only after a new coach, Ted Drake, joined it. He led them to their first main victory: they won the national championship.

F)Yesterday Andy Wistler played one of his best matches at the Australian Open. Due to his wonderful performance he easily won three sets and the match was finished very quickly. It was impossible for his opponent Yang Chung to play at the same level and the match was finished in a very short time. Still, it should be mentioned that Yang Chung was an experienced Chinese tennis player.

G)Janet Evans retired from swimming in 1996. She was sure her best days were behind her. She had won three gold medals at the Seoul Olympics and had set world records that had stood for years. Everyone was surprised when Janet announced her return. She said she is hoping to become part of the US Olympic team. A big decision after a 16 year break!

1)Winning a quick victory

2)Saving a sportsman

3)Fit and healthy again

4)The first sporting events

5)The club history

6)Sport and its advantages

7)The swimmer comes back

Champions award ceremony

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A)Christ’s Hospital school was founded in the 16th century. Its uniform at that time consisted of a long blue coat, a leather belt and yellow socks. Today students still wear the same uniform because they think it’s a symbol that unites them. There was some talk about making the uniform more modern, but it was decided to keep the original uniform.

B)Nola Ochs from the USA is the world’s oldest university graduate. She says she has always loved learning and has never lost her taste for knowledge. She started university when she was over 90. Her example proves that age is not important if you want to be a student. You can acquire new skills at any age.

C)The Dublin College of English offers one, two or three week Football and English Programmes. They are for young people who are interested in both learning English with native speakers and practising football. The students enjoy the friendly, inspiring atmosphere in the classrooms, after which they improve their skills on the school football pitch.

D)Harrow is a prestigious boys’ school in northern London with a strict uniform policy. You can easily recognise a Harrow student by his hat, which is part of the uniform. All boys have to wear their hats every day when going to or from lessons. Some students are allowed to wear a different scarf, tie or jumper but the hat should always be there. Wearing it remains a must.

E)One of the recent trends is the growing number of elderly students in universities and colleges. It is believed that the elderly and the young can benefit from studying in a mixed class. The older ones are quicker at detailed and logical tasks. On the other hand, younger students can often help their older classmates with new gadgets and technologies.

F)When it comes to studying English abroad, try to get as much information about the school as possible. Asking the right questions will help you save money, time, and avoid culture shock. Remember that the school should provide you both with good teaching and with an unforgettable experience so besides everyday classes, social activities should be part of the programme.

G)In most British schools children start studying a foreign language at 11, but many are happy to give up languages completely at 14. Research suggests that students think that it is more difficult to get good marks in Modern Foreign Languages than in other subjects such as Science or History. They also say that foreign languages are less fun than other lessons like PE or Art.

1)Learn and play

2)A less popular subject

3)Never too late to learn

4)The essential piece of uniform

5)Keeping the tradition

6)The advantages of learning together

7)Choosing the place to learn

School exchange programmes

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A)When you think of the Irish, you often picture a red-haired person dressed all in green. However, it’s just a popular myth which has grown into a tradition, particularly in the United States. It’s customary in Ireland to wear green clothes only on St. Patrick’s Day. Lots of people are tricked by this cliché. However, originally, the colour associated with Saint Patrick was not green, but blue.

B)In Ireland, the colour green was long considered to bring bad fortune. The reason is that in Irish folklore green is the favourite color of the Good People (the proper name for fairies). Myths run that they are likely to steal people, especially children, who wear too much of the colour. In the past, a girl would never wear anything green on her wedding day.

C)Christmas is a very important celebration in Ireland. After dinner on Christmas Eve, it is common for families to leave milk and bread on the table as a sign of friendliness and kindness. Another custom is to leave the door unlocked. A lit candle is left in a window during the night. It represents help for any traveller who is passing by.

D)Potatoes form the basis for many traditional Irish dishes. They are eaten boiled, mashed, fried and baked. Potatoes are mixed with cabbage or green onions to make traditional Irish dishes. They are also made into potato cakes and used in soups or stews. It’s common to find potatoes cooked in two different ways on the same dinner plate.

E)The shamrock is still a popular sign of good fortune in Ireland. It is believed that anyone who possesses one will be blessed with fortune in everything, even in gambling, and will be saved from the evil of witches. There are certain conditions to be met so that its power remains effective: the owner of the shamrock must keep it away from the public eye and never give it to anyone else.

F)The name Gulliver is known to everyone due to the book or the film about the fantastic trip of the English doctor. However, not all of us remember the name of the author Jonathan Swift, an Irish writer, who was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1667. In his book Gulliver’s Travels a man went to an island where strange tiny people lived. His life there was full of adventures and dangers, he met there friends and enemies.

G)Ireland is known as the native land of limericks – short humorous poems that have five lines. They make people laugh and are easy to remember! Lots of poets and writers were fond of limericks. The word ‘limerick’ probably comes from the Irish town of Limerick. The short poem has made the town known all over the world.

1)A false stereotype

2)An unlucky symbol

3)A colourful present

4)A world famous journey

5)One and the same name

6)The national food

7)A talisman for luck

Old holiday traditions

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A)The history of Scotland is rich and varied but most people would also describe it as violent and bloody. Scotland’s history appears to be just an endless list of battles between the Scottish clans and their close neighbours, the English. But if you look carefully at the history of Scotland, you will be surprised by the great influence that this small nation has had upon the development of Western civilization.

B)Of all the scary places in Scotland, the castles provide us with the most terrifying stories. You need courage to visit them. The castles are known for numerous murders and cases of violent death. Edinburgh castle is at the top of the list. According to legend, there is the ghost of a headless drummer and the ghost of a piper, whose music can be heard even above the noise of Edinburgh’s traffic.

C)To decide on what to wear for a walk can be a challenge in Scotland! This tiny country is surrounded by so much water that Scottish weather can change at any moment. In fact, sometimes you feel as though you’ve experienced three (or even all four) seasons in just one day! This may explain why Scots are fascinated by the weather, and follow daily weather reports very closely.

D)Scotland has 30,000 miles of roads. Travelling around Scotland by car can be challenging for foreign visitors. When travelling by car, tourists should be very careful. When they see something they wish to look at, they mustn’t slow down as they could be hit by the car behind. Tourists should also remember that Scottish motorways have a speed limit of 70 miles per hour.

E)There are many breeds of Scottish dogs. One of the most famous is the Collie or Scotch colliethat comes from the Scottish highlands. It has been bred for many years to help shepherds. Some people say the name Collie comes from the Gaelic word for useful. The Collie is a dog that can do many jobs. The Collie can guard property as well as search for a missing chicken or drive sheep. The dogs can be taught how to open doors and gates.

F)Scotland is a country where tourism offers visitors an opportunity to enjoy nature at its best. As you explore the Scottish countryside, be sure to look out for Daubenton’s bats. These tiny creatures with funny short ears weigh from 7 to 11 grams but they are vital for the ecosystem as they keep insect populations in check, eating lots of small insects every day.

G)For active and curious people there is a lot to do in the Scottish Highlands! You can explore castles and visit museums. The famous Loch Ness is situated here and you’ll find ancient castles, which can be visited. If you like something more adventurous, you might try horse riding, mountain biking, kayaking and sailing. There is no end of things to do in the Highlands so you can be sure you’ll enjoy yourself there.

1)А small but important country

2)Sights for the brave

3)Mind your driving

4)You’ll never get bored

5)Difficult to predict

6)Traditional industries

7)Keeping the balance in nature

Helpful assistants

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A)Geographically, the Wild West refers to the states west of the Mississippi River. The American West is both a place and an idea. In people’s minds, it was a place that promised excitement because it was new and unknown. From the middle of the 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century, lots of people pushed their way westward trying to find land, better lives, gold and silver, and, sometimes, to escape the law.

B)Due to books and films, the first thing that comes to mind about the American West is cowboys, rodeos and riding broncos. Bronco is the nickname for a wild horse. When a bronco jumps, it kicks its back legs trying to throw the rider off. Nowadays, there are popular rodeo competitions where cowboys try to remain on aggressive broncos as long as possible. To entertain the public they also lasso cows and bulls.

C)Yellowstone Park, the first American national park, is situated in the western states. The park has a great variety of natural features – waterfalls, plateaus, canyons, hot springs and geysers. It is also famous for its diverse wildlife and harsh beauty. Camping and backpacking are encouraged at Yellowstone, but visitors must be careful. A few careless or unlucky people have already been killed by angry bears.

D)In the 1970s and 1980s, people from all over the United States moved to Colorado to work in the mining industry. New citizens of the state capital, Denver, were attracted to the city by its location in the Rocky Mountains and its clean air. However, due to the rapid development of Denver, they got into serious trouble –growing air pollution. Car engines did not burn fuel efficiently at a high altitude and thick smog hung over the city.

E)In 1935, the federal government selected St. Louis, Missouri, as the site for a new national monument – The Gateway Arch. The memorial, also known as the Gateway to the West, was to honor the pioneers exploring the American West. Eero Saarinen, an architect, won the nationwide competition with his project for a giant steel arch. Since the Gateway Arch was opened in 1965, millions of people visit it every year.

F)The Mississippi River is often mentioned in Mark Twain’s books. In his novel, Life on the Mississippi, the famous writer describes the history of the river and his own experiences related to it. There is also a collection of tales that either take place on the river or are associated with it. Another of Mark Twain’s famous works, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, tells us about a journey down the river.

G)Hawaii is the USA’s 50th state. It’s a popular holiday destination for the citizens, as well as for foreign tourists. Along with Florida, it’s one of a few states where it’s usually sunny and hot all the year round. Hawaii is made up of 132 tropical islands, though people live only on seven of them. Tourism is Hawaii’s biggest industry. People are attracted to the islands because of their beautiful scenery and beaches. Surfers come to experience the high waves.

1)Eco-friendly business

2)A good place for holidays

3)A silent hero of American literature

4)In search of luck and happiness

5)To those who went west

6)An unexpected environmental problem

7)Great sights and dangerous creatures

Dangerous sport

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A)The popularity of social networking sites such as Vkontakte, Facebook, MySpace, and Classmates has risen more than four times from 2005 to 2009. Many users say these sites are good for our society, but others are sure that there are more dangers in them than benefits. Your attitude to such websites depends on your age, job, interests and way of life.

B)Social networks promote communication with friends and family, they give people necessary and useful computer skills and teach them to express their ideas in a clear way. Another thing is that the sites let people create new relationships and reconnect with old friends. In every way, more communication, even online, makes connections stronger.

C)Social networking sites make people spend more time online and less time communicating face-to-face. The sites have many time-wasting activities. You stay online longer than you planned and do nothing serious or important. Experts say that teenagers spend about nine hours every week on social networking sites.

D)A big risk about social networks is that teenagers are careless. They don’t worry that their personal information and photos could be open to lots of people. Also the sites don’t guarantee that their registered members are who they say they are. If a person says he is James Burns, a college student, we have to believe him. We cannot check his real name or occupation.

E)Psychologists say that social networking sites can have serious disadvantages. It is hard for children to have real conversations and make friends. They become selfish personalities and lose interest in real life. Parents spend less time with their children and all members of the family spend less time with each other because they are using the Internet instead of communicating in person.

F)Internet users spend most of their time on social networks and blogs. Users in the USA spend about five and a half hours every month on their favourite site. And the number is growing. Russians spend 6.6 hours monthly on social networking sites. It is more than people in any other country. For example, in Europe it is 3.7 hours a month.

G)New research shows that social networking sites can be used in schools. Teachers should find ways to use them in class. It would help students to learn how to get information from Internet resources and share it with classmates. Students would also be able to express themselves creatively and present themselves better.

1)Worrying time statistics

2)Hidden dangers

3)New communication opportunities

4)Communication problems in real life

5)Different opinions

6)The best social networking site

7)Time eaters

Prospects in education

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A)Coffee was first found in Eastern Africa in the area we know today as Ethiopia. A popular legend says that one day a man called Kaldi was watching his goats eating grass and leaves. He noticed that after eating berries from a certain bush the goats became very active. Curious, Kaldi tried the berries himself. He found that these berries gave him additional energy. The story quickly spread throughout the region.

B)The first coffee berries were transported from Ethiopia to Arabian countries and then they were cultivated in Yemen. From there, coffee travelled to Turkey where coffee beans were roasted for the first time over open fires. The roasted beans were crushed and then boiled in water, creating the drink we enjoy today. Finally, in the seventeenth century coffee arrived inFrance, Britain and Italy.

C)The first coffeehouses opened in Mecca and quickly became popular centres of social and political activity. The government believed that coffee stimulated radical thinking, and the governor even thought it might unite his opposition. As a result, coffee was forbidden inMecca. The same thing happened in Turkey a century later, when coffee drinkers were severely punished.

D)They say, in 1776 the thirteen American colonies adopted coffee as their national drink instead of tea. When the British tried to raise the tax on tea, Americans refused to buy it and switched to coffee. In fact, by drinking coffee Americans demonstrated their political views and their dislike for the British – the famous tea-lovers.

E)The Italians drink their espresso with sugar, the Germans and Swiss add an equal part of hot chocolate, the Mexicans prefer it with cinnamon, and the Belgians – with chocolate. Coffee drinkers in the Middle East usually add cardamom and spices. The Egyptians, on the other hand, are extremely fond of pure, strong coffee. They add neither milk nor cream.

F)Plain and simple, nothing else. People discovered that if they drank coffee slowly they could taste bitterness, sourness, sweetness and saltiness. For a long time such a taste was new and more than enough. It needed no improvement. Only later did they start experimenting with coffee by adding milk, chocolate, and other flavors. However, nothing can hide the taste of real coffee.

G)When the first European coffeehouses opened, they quickly grew into places where people played chess, exchanged gossip, sang and danced. Coffeehouses were very popular because anyone could go and enjoy a cup of the drink. The price of a cup of coffee was reasonable. European coffee houses became meeting points for intellectuals, writers and businessmen.

1)Coffee in the New World

2)The original taste of coffee

3)A chance discovery

4)A place for communication

5)An illegal drink

6)A long journey to Europe

7)Growing coffee plants

Different recipes

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A)Street art can be described as art that is developed in public spaces and above all in the street. It can mean a lot of different things including graffiti, poster art, wall paintings, and just about any artwork that is displayed in public places. Typically, street art is used to separate public-space artwork from illegal graffiti and vandalism.

B)The start of street art is closely connected to graffiti, which appeared in New York in the 1970s. The American artists soon became an inspiration for a number of other young street artists all over the world. For the following ten years graffiti grew more and more popular and was soon joined by new forms of street art including street installations, street sculptures and 3D pavement illusions.

C)Street artists are often associated with opposition. Their artwork is considered a crime and vandalism and the artists may be arrested for damaging property so the artists prefer to use nicknames and create their drawings mostly at night. They are not looking for fame, especially in countries where graffiti is still illegal.

D)Kurt Wenner was the one who developed an absolutely new form of street art. That is 3D pavement art. He started his career as a graphic artist but after moving to Italy he worked on a new technique. Wenner attracted the attention of the entire world with his remarkable 3D artwork and he also inspired a future generation of 3D pavement street artists.

E)Banksy is probably the most famous English street artist who has already become a legendary figure. It’s still true that no one knows who the person really is. However, his works are exhibited in galleries across the world. An American magazine even named him among the top most influential people in the world. However, he was the only one whose photo the magazine could not publish.

F)The motivations and ideas that inspire street artists are as different as the artists themselves. Some street artists, by creating certain works, want to draw attention to social and political problems. For other artists, street art is just a form of self-expression. And there are those who enjoy the challenge and risks which are connected with working illegally in some city areas.

G)Traditional graffiti has recently been used as a successful method for advertising. Lots of companies agree that traditional advertising on city streets is too boring and common so many people simply ignore it. However, graffiti adverts catch your attention, creating a memorable image. Big companies find this quite useful and try to include more elements of graffiti in their advertising campaigns.

1)Historical facts

2)Different reasons for drawing
in the street

3)A street art exhibition

4)A commercial effect

5)An innovative method

6)An unknown artist

7)The meaning of the term

Keeping their names secret

Прочитайте тексты и установите соответствие между текстами А–G и заголовками 1–8.

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A)For tourists coming to China, visiting Shanghai is a must. Shanghai is the largest city not only in China but in the world, too. About twenty-three million people live there! The city has always attracted people looking for a new life and business opportunities. Lots of Americans, Japanese, Koreans, French, Russians, and Germans live there permanently. Like most multinational cities, Shanghai accepts all cultures to produce a new type of a global culture.

B)To keep up with the city’s rhythm, tourists may use the metro system, which is cheap and very efficient. The Shanghai metro is fast and modern. It covers the whole city and is known as the biggest metro in the world. Stations and trains are perfectly clean and well-equipped. Monitors show arrival and departure time and business adverts, and give information about Shanghai sights and events in many languages.

C)If you love shopping, you will be glad to get lost in Shanghai for a couple of days, especially in Nanjing Road. This street houses a great number of prestigious shops, restaurants, and night clubs. There is no traffic here, which is very convenient for people. The shop assistants are very helpful and tourists are very welcome. In the evening the street looks absolutely magical with colourful lights.

D)Another iconic landmark of the city is the embankment of the River Huangpu, the Bund. It is famous for its classical European buildings. There are more than fifty large buildings on the Bund. They are built in different styles such as Gothic, Romanesque or Baroque and others. In spite of this great variety, the buildings stand together in perfect harmony. The constructions in this part of the city remind people of those in New York, Chicago, London, Moscow and ten thousand other cities.

E)Among the many monuments in Shanghai, the monument to Alexander Pushkin is special. First built in 1937, the monument was ruined and restored twice throughout its history. Now it stands at a road intersection. Specialists from both China and Russia took part in its construction. It is devoted to the greatest poet of all time and also highlights the friendly relationship between the two countries.

F)The Shanghai climate is generally mild and humid, with four distinct seasons — a pleasant, warm spring, a hot, rainy summer, a comfortable, cool autumn and an overcast, cold winter. The location makes the city really wet — it rains for about one third of the year. From late August to mid-September, typhoons may happen. The hottest time comes in July and August, the coldest — from late January to early February. The spring is recommended as the best time to visit Shanghai.

G)Naturally, if you visit the city, you have a chance to try authentic Shanghai cuisine, which is very diverse. It offers dishes made of fresh meat, chicken, vegetables and various, seafood such as fish, shrimps and crabs. The dishes may taste hot and spicy, sweet and bitter. It really differs from European cuisine but Europeans usually enjoy it very much, as well as the atmosphere of the authentic national restaurants.

1)Seasons and weather

2)The most convenient transport

3)Local food

4)Multicultural community

5)World business centre

6)Links with Russian culture

7)Diverse architecture

A paradise for shopaholics

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A)Jeans are one of fashion’s most long enduring trends. Cowboys wear them but so do supermodels, farmers, presidents and housewives. Ask any group of people why they wear jeans and you will get a range of answers. For some they’re comfortable and easy – for others they’re trendy and cool. Jeans mean different things to different people, but they are popular everywhere.

B)Americans do not have a national folk dress with a long tradition. Blue jeans are probably the most recognisable article of American clothing. They have been part of American life for over 125 years. Blue denim jeans became not only an expression of American fashion but also an element of American identity known around the world.

C)Jeans were first designed as trousers for farmers and miners in the states of the American West. They quickly grew popular with common people, including cowboys, factory employees and railroad builders. The new trousers were made from a very strong material which did not wear out easily. However, at the same time jeans were very practical and comfortable to wear.

D)Pockets were the weak point of the miners’ clothes – they easily tore away from the jeans. A man called Jacob Davis had the idea of using metal rivets (fasteners) to hold the pockets and the jeans together so that they wouldn’t tear. Davis wanted to patent his idea, but he didn’t have enough money, so he offered Levi Strauss a deal if Strauss paid for the patent. Strauss accepted and started making jeans.

E)By the middle of the twentieth century, these heavy cotton trousers were a symbol of opposition for young artists and writers. College students started to wear them to show they were against the Vietnam War. The new trousers were banned in American schools from coast to coast and sometimes in theatres and cinemas.

F)Jeans are good because they don’t show the dirt. You can easily go a month without washing them and they don’t look shocking. They don’t need to be washed as often as other trousers and you don’t need to iron them. What’s more, because of the strong material you can wear your favorite jeans for years. Even the occasional hole or spot doesn’t spoil them at all.

G)In the 30s and 40s many people began to spend their spare time watching movies where adventurous cowboys rode horses, fought bad guys and wore blue jeans. The actors made jeans popular in movies and everyone wanted to wear them. Young people wished to imitate the casual “cowboyish” look they saw in films, and they began to wear jeans as casual wear.

1)Good for everyone

2)Easy to care for

3)Part of culture

4)Screen fashion

5)An innovative idea

6)Working clothes

7)Jeans’ labels

Clothes to protest

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A)Young people often worry about the style and functions of mobile phones. However, today companies present more models for people who are over 50 or 60 years old. They need a mobile phone with large buttons, so that they can dial numbers without glasses. The menu is also simple. It really doesn’t matter if the phone has a camera or the Internet. For them, less is more.

B)Today, when friends meet in a café, they put their mobile phones in the middle of the table. They aren’t allowed to touch them at all. If someone does it and answers the phone, they have to pay for everybody. Sounds fun, right? The idea is to make people concentrate on a real conversation with each other instead of using their mobiles all the time.

C)Visitors of theatres and cinemas often complain that mobile phones ring during performances. The city government of New York passed a new act. It is now forbidden to use mobile phones in places, like theaters, libraries, museums, galleries, and cinemas. Those who don’t switch off their mobiles will have to pay $50.

D)With mobile phones we can contact anyone, anywhere, any time. Scientists say that some people are so used to mobiles that they can’t go to the kitchen without them. They are in panic if they leave them at home or lose. It has become a habit to have a mobile everywhere. People depend on mobile phones so much that doctors have started worrying. They say it may be a thing similar to drugs.

E)Throwing mobile phones is an international sport that started in Finland in 2000. Traditionally participants throw mobile phones over their shoulders. The person, who throws farthest, wins. There’s also freestyle throwing. In this contest sportsmen should throw a mobile in a beautiful and creative way.

F)In 2010 a young girl from China made a song using only her mobile phone. She wrote it without any guitars, pianos, drums. She used different functions of her mobile. It took her several days to record the song. Later she made a video of it and put the video on the Internet, where over a million people watched it. She sent the song to the Apple company and suggested using it in their advertisements.

G)Today’s mobile phones can already send e-mails, surf the Internet, and keep you in touch with friends. Tomorrow’s phones are like helpful secretaries. In a few years you’ll see that they know your habits and can advise you what to cook for dinner. They will remind you where to go and what present to buy.

1)A new music instrument

2)The latest fashion

3)A mobile for grandma

4)Phone addiction

5)A strange competition

6)A law against mobiles

7)Back to real-life communication

Digital personal assistants

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A)Edinburgh Tattoo takes place every year in August in the capital of Scotland. It is an event when military music is played by different bands from all over the world. It also includes traditional dances, bagpipe melodies, songs and a horse parade. All this is accompanied by the sounds of national Scottish music.

B)Using music can make the learning process more enjoyable and effective. You can introduce a new topic with music. It may be a great way to improve vocabulary and make students start thinking in the right direction. If students are doing a grammar exercise, you may play some music in the background, and this will help them concentrate.

C)The performance Lady Gaga gave at Manchester was called «The Monster Ball». It was a really strong and loud concert, consisting of four parts. The singer changed costumes 15 times. The «special» effects included a big sea monster and a grand piano which was burnt to pieces. The audience was just going crazy with every new song, it was no doubt a thrilling performance.

D)Are words important in a song? Some people say they don’t matter much. A song is music and you enjoy listening to the melody and don’t pay attention to words. On the other hand, a musician expresses himself through words, so they also matter. The words give meaning to a song and touch people’s feelings.

E)The most common song for English speakers on New Year’s eve is «Auld Lang Syne». When the clock strikes midnight, people join their hands and start singing. However, few of them remember that it’s an old Scottish song first published by the poet Robert Burns. The Scots also sing it on January 25th when they celebrate Burns’ birthday.

F)It’s typical to use music in advertising on radio and television. A lot of companies have jingles. They are short songs or tunes that attract customers. A jingle is quick to remember and usually has very simple words. The melody should be easy to sing and cheerful. The jingle must give a positive image of the company. A good example of it is McDonalds’ «I’m lovin’ it».

G)»We Are the Champions» is a ballad performed by the British group «Queen». It has become one of the most famous and widely used songs. It is also regularly played to celebrate sports victories. The song can be heard in many films, video games, cartoons, TV programmes. It was named the world’s favourite song in 2005.

1)The song of the winners

2)An annual music festival

3)Music of the future

4)Two sides of the same coin

5)An impressive show

6)Music in the classroom

7)The old music hit

Music for advert

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A)The first winners of the Olympic Games got free food and housing for the whole lives. They were mentioned in poems and well-known all over Greece. Sculptors even built statues of the competitors. Everyone respected and admired the winners. In short, the victory in the competitions made the man a national hero and all the little children wanted to be like him.

B)Olympia was chosen as the place of the Games because it was a peaceful and neutral area. There the ancient Greeks praised their most important God – Zeus. Another factor was that it had a beautiful green valley. It was very suitable for all kinds of sports competitions. Also people could easily get to Olympia because there were two rivers nearby. It was impossible to find a better place anywhere else in Greece.

C)The Olympiads were named in honor of the runner who came first in the stadium race. For example, the Olympiad of Dionis. So the years after this Olympiad were named as the first, the second, the third or the fourth year since the Olympiad of Dionis. The early historians used this system to give dates to important events.

D)The Olympic Museum was founded in 1993 in Switzerland. It has a big collection of pieces connected with the Olympic movement. It also has the largest number of books and documents about the Games in the world. No wonder the place is one of the main tourist attractions. The museum is surrounded by a park with wonderful works of art based on a sporting theme.

E)The modern Olympics began in 1894. Baron Pierre de Coubertin, a Frenchman decided to bring back the ancient Greek tradition. He wanted to begin a sports festival to celebrate health, youth and peace. The first modern Olympiad took place in Athens in 1896. Since then the Olympic Games have been held every four years with two exceptions because of the two world wars.

F)The Olympic Games traditionally start with the “Parade of the Nations”. Most of the participating athletes walk out into the stadium. The Greek athletes open the parade and the hosts appear on stadium the last. The name of each country is announced in French and English, the official languages of the Olympic Games, and the language spoken in the country that organizes the Games.

G)The five Olympic rings represent the five main regions of the world – Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceana. Every national flag in the world includes one of the five colours, which are blue, yellow, black, green, and red. The rings are connected and there is a reason for it. It’s done to show that the Games are for all nations. All good sportsmen can come and compete against one another in unity.

1)The opening ceremony

2)A great honour

3)The Olympic team

4)The Greek calendar

5)A symbolic meaning

6)A place to visit

7)A new start

The best location

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A)The age between 14 and 17 is often considered to be one of the best periods in a person’s life. Grown-ups remember it with excitement and happiness. The wish they were teenagers again. However, most teenagers won’t agree with this point of view if they were asked. They’re sure that they are facing a lot of difficult problems and that’s quite true.

B)Smoking has become one of the most important problems for modern teenagers. About 40 percent of teenagers are attracted by the bright cigarette advertisement. It seems they just don’t realize the harm it does to their health, because advertisements show smoking as something positive. They really believe that smoking will make them look like they’re cool and grown-up.

C)In fact, teenagers have got a lot of work. They’re busy with their studies, household chores, some of them have jobs. They can’t even find a moment to entertain themselves at times. It’s a more serious problem especially for those who are responsible and want to be successful students and good children.

D)The problem number one for most young people is between fathers and sons. All young people want to be independent, they want their parents to listen to their opinion. As for parents, they want to control their children’s lives. At the same time some parents can’t find a common language with their kids and simply don’t pay enough attention to them.

E)They say that all teenagers want to have a lot of money to dress well, to go to theatres, to visit foreign countries, to eat what they want and to buy books. But how can they do all these things? They have to get some money and it’s possible to do it. Some teenagers wash cars, others sell newspapers, help elderly people and babysit.

F)School ages are also very difficult. Children are always stressed because of their marks at school. It seems to teenagers that they do a lot of homework, but mothers and fathers are never satisfied. They want their children to have the highest marks at school. Teenagers do their best, but adults are never happy. They always want more.

G)There are many organizations which unite young people. Teenagers get together because of common interests and beliefs. Members of every organisations have their own attitudes to the world. There are some informal clubs, for example: emos, hippies, panks, and so on. However, some teenagers choose to join more serious groups like Greenpeace.

1)Generation gap

2)Attractive but unhealthy

3)Youth movements and societies

4)Always busy

5)Conflicts with friends

6)Parents’ ambitions

7)Are teenagers happy?

They want to earn and spend

Текст

A)Hamleys is the best toyshop in the UK. It has seven floors of toys, games and sweets. The shop assistants often dress up in costumes of famous characters from fairy tales and stories. Because of this the place looks like a magic land. The atmosphere is wonderful, and the shop really has everything young ones could ever want.

B)Harrods, is perhaps London’s most famous department store, named after Charles Harrods, who opened a family grocer’s shop on the site in 1849. The little shop has grown and become a symbol for expensive and glamorous shopping. It contains over 300 departments selling luxury items, from furniture and ladies fashion to sports equipment. Harrods continues to astonish customers from around the world with first-class service and product quality.

C)The Old Umbrella Shop is one of the shops that hasn’t changed from the early twentieth century. Inside it looks exactly as it was years ago. There are old telephones, shelves, shop windows and an umbrella museum. What’s more, it still sells umbrellas and doesn’t want to specialize in anything else. The shop has faithful clients who have been coming there for years.

D)Muara Kuin is an unusual river market in Indonesia. With the sunrise people from local villages arrive here by boat with fresh fruit and vegetables. Buyers get to the market in the same way. Nobody goes on shore, all business is done from boats. If you wish to get a cup of tea, there are special motor boats selling drinks and cookies.

E)The city of Dongguan in China has the world’s largest shopping mall. There are seven zones in it, which are designed to look like world’s cities and regions. In no time you’ll get fromParis to Amsterdam. Take a lift and it will take you from Europe to Canada. There’s even a small river with boats, where you can relax and take a trip after shopping.

F)Hope and Greenwood is a sweet shop in London. It offers traditional British sweets. They were popular in the 50s and 70s. Now you can’t find them anywhere else, because chocolate factories use new modern recipes and ingredients. This shop offers a unique opportunity to try the desserts of the previous century.

G)Oxfam is a chain of shops all over the world, which sells very cheap things. Its aim is to attract shoppers by offering them many second-hand and donated things of good quality. Also anyone can come and bring the books or clothes they no longer need. Oxfam takes everything: from stamps to furniture.

1)Shop and travel

2)They don’t want to change anything

3)A shop for the rich

4)Shopping on water

5)Children’s dreamland

6)Shopping alone

7)A taste from the past

Not new but good and cheap

Текст

A)For intelligence, ravens rate up with chimpanzees and dolphins. These birds have the largest brain of any bird species. Ravens can push rocks on people to keep them from climbing to their nests and play dead to scare other ravens away from a delicious meal. If a raven knows another raven is watching, it hides its food. It pretends to put the food in one place but hides it in another.

B)It’s amazing to watch ravens sliding on snow-covered roofs. For entertainment, they also roll down snowy hills. Ravens often play keep-away with other animals like wolves, foxes and dogs. They even make toys—a rare animal behaviour—from sticks, pine cones, golf balls, or rocks to play with each other or by themselves. When they feel bored, they mock other creatures and find it very amusing.

C)According to surveys, the ravens are one of the main reasons why tourists come to see the Tower of London. Nobody knows when the ravens first appeared there but there is a belief that at least six ravens must always remain on the territory of the Tower. Otherwise, the British Monarchy may fall. To prevent the birds from flying away their wings are clipped every three weeks.

D)In the past, in some cultures, people were truly afraid of these dark birds. In Germany, ravens were considered to be the incarnation of criminals’ souls or sometimes Satan himself. In Sweden, ravens were thought to be the souls of murdered people. And in Denmark, people believed that it was dangerous to look at ravens because you could turn into a raven yourself.

E)Sometimes people find injured ravens and take them home but keeping a raven as a pet is really difficult. These birds require a lot of care, a lot of freedom, and a lot of time. Ravens are wild creatures, and are not pets in the same way as cats and dogs are. If the bird is strong and healthy, it is unfair and cruel to keep it in captivity. In some countries it’s even illegal. So if you really love and admire these birds, enjoy them from a distance!

F)Crows and ravens are often confused with each other because they are both black birds. Even people who are well aware of the differences between the two birds can get confused. You can tell them apart by their voice and differences in their behaviour. Ravens are larger than crows, with thicker beaks, and longer tails. Ravens have a deeper voice than crows.

G)Many poets and writers wrote about ravens in their works. Shakespeare refers to the raven more often than to any other bird. The raven Grip plays an important part in Charles Dickens’ book Barnaby Rudge. Edgar Allan Poe presents the raven as a mystical messenger in his poem The Raven. The wise and sensible raven is also a popular figure in fairy tales.

1)The dark bird of evil

2)A prominent literary character

3)Fun lovers

4)Alike but different

5)The guardians of the country

6)Smart and cunning

7)Born to be free

Favourite diet

Текст

A)How many rubbish bins do you have where you live? In our area there are about 6 of them, each bin for a different kind of rubbish. There are separate containers for glass, cans, paper, textiles, plastic bottles and food products. I’m sure it’s really good because lots of things which we throw away can easily be recycled. It’s time to start caring for our environment.

B)»Please, keep this place clean». This is often written on picnic sites and camping areas in forests. Do we follow the recommendation? We have fun and enjoy the views and then throw away unwanted food, glass, plastic bottles, cans, wrappers and paper. Is that your «thanks» to nature? Make your site or travel route look like nobody was there. Leave no sign of human influence.

C)Before people started destroying the rainforests, they covered 15% of the Earth’s land area. Today, they cover only 6%. In just the last 50 years, one third of the tropical rainforests have been destroyed. If people don’t stop, global warming will become more severe, rare ecosystems will be destroyed, we’ll breathe polluted air and the climate will be changed forever.

D)In the first years of the 21st century there were lots of discoveries in the animal world. But in the past 10 years some animals have completely disappeared from earth. You can no longer see a golden toad, a baiji dolphin or a black rhino. It is frightening that today the process is going faster and faster. These days about 5000 animals could disappear at any time.

E)More than 100 million animals every year suffer and die from inhuman drug, food or cosmetic tests, biology lessons, medical training exercises and other experiments. It seems that we have no pity for them. Have you ever thought that we hurt them? If there isn’t testing on people there shouldn’t be testing on animals either.

F)For my birthday this year I got an unusual and unexpected invitation from a friend to plant a tree. It was a thrilling experience. On the day of the event I chose a tree myself, got some professional advice and did the job. I have never felt such joy. I know my «personal» tree will be part of a small park in the district, a place of beauty for people of all ages to enjoy.

G)The Green School Awards are for quality in environmental education. You can enter the competition as a whole school, a class, a team or an individual. The main task is to make a report on any topic mentioned on our website. You can present it in any form: a scrapbook, a DVD, a website, and so on. Each winner will get a cheque for £700.

1)Why worry about trees?

2)Choose: what goes where?

3)Cruel business

4)Dead or endangered

5)A green society

6)Don’t leave rubbish behind!

7)A green present

Become green and get the prize!

Текст

A)Everybody remembers what school smells and sounds like. It may seem unimportant but research results suggest that smells and sounds can influence learning ability and creativity. Some schools are now introducing noises, music and even smell into the classroom. The aim is to see which of these factors can improve students’ grades.

B)It’s obvious that the constant sounds of traffic, airports and police sirens are a part of a busy city. Numerous studies have focused on the combined effect of aircraft and road traffic sounds on reading ability and memory. It was found out that children from schools near big airports reported annoyance and showed less success at exams, which proves that the aircraft noise is the most harmful type of machinery noise.

C)The International Noise Awareness Day was started by the American Centre for Hearing and Communication in 1995. The aim of this day, which takes place every year in April, is to raise awareness among the people of the noise problem and the risks it makes. On that day people are asked to turn off noise sources such as TV sets and auto engines for a few hours and to enjoy the silence.

D)There is no one best colour, some are just better than others in different situations. The design of the classroom is very important, too. It should be nice and pleasant and help students to focus on learning – remember about it when you paint the walls! Generally, light blue and purple have a calming effect on learners. Warm tones like peach and light yellow provide a relaxing atmosphere that is good for learning too. However, most physiologists say that red, white, black and brown should be avoided in the classroom.

E)However, when students do tasks in groups or discuss something, noise is unavoidable. Sometimes the noise distracts other students. To prevent this, a traffic light system has been introduced. A large set of traffic lights, made of coloured paper, is placed in the classroom. When the noise is acceptable, the green light is on. When it gets too loud, the yellow light is put on. Changing to the red light means the end of activities or complete silence.

F)On the other hand, some noises stimulate creativity, but the sound should be neither too high nor too low. There was a special experiment held in an office. While working, the people were listening to different melodies, played at different levels. It was observed that the most original projects were created when the songs and compositions were played at a medium level. Low and high levels, on the other hand, damaged creativity.

G)According to Professor Shields, listening to classical or calm music helps creative learning. This conclusion is not really new. For a long time, teachers and coaches have been using quiet melodies to inspire their students and stimulate their imagination. This is particularly useful in art classes, where students learn to create pieces of art like pictures, sculptures and hand-made articles.

1)Some time without noise

2)Harmful background noise

3)Special effects for better results

4)A way to reduce noise pollution

5)Colours for the classroom

6)Music in the classroom

7)Music for relaxation

Different effects of music

Установите соответствие тем 1 — 8 текстам A — G. Занесите свои ответы в соответствующее поле справа. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

Источник


Установите соответствие тем A—G текстам 1-6. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя. TEST 04(part 1)

A. EXPENSIVE NEWSPAPERS

B. SERIOUS PROBLEM 6

C. DIFFERENT TOPICS 1

D. WAYS OF READING 4

E. INSTANT INFORMATION 5

F. EASIER READING 2

G. FAMOUS AUTHOR 3

1. There are two main types of newspaper: ‘broadsheets’ and ‘tabloids’. Broadsheets are often larger than tabloids, and are ‘serious’ newspapers. They present the news in detail, and do not have many stories about the private lives of famous people. Tabloids, on the other hand, are much more interested in news and scandals involving stars than they are in serious news. They often have very big headlines, particularly on the front page, and have lots more photographs.
Два типа газет. DIFFERENT TOPICS

2. There is an organisation in the UK called the Plain English Campaign. Their aim is to try to get official documents, such as government leaflets, written in a style of English that is easy to understand. They say that a lot of written English, particularly when it’s talking about legal issues, is confusing, even to British people. They have had a lot of success, and many government departments now make sure that the documents they produce are checked to make sure they’re understandable.
Организация, которая упрощает сложный стиль официальных документов. EASIER READING

3. The Tolstoy family have contributed much to Russian society and culture for many hundreds of years. One of the most famous Tolstoys, Count Lev Nikolaevich, better known to the world as Leo Tolstoy, was born in 1828. He was a writer, politician and philosopher, and is now considered to be one of the greatest novelists of the 19th century. Many of his books, including War and Peace and Anna Karenina, are still extremely popular today. Leo Tolstoy died in 1910.
Толстой великий писатель 19го века, который является популярным и по сей день. FAMOUS AUTHOR

4. If you’re reading a newspaper and you want to find out what’s on TV at 8 o’clock tonight, you don’t read every word on the TV page. You ignore all the programmes on earlier in the day, and just look at the information about programmes on at 8 pm. With a news report, however, you may read the whole thing through quickly to get a general idea of what it’s about. If it looks interesting, you might decide to read it in more detail.
Различные способы чтения новостей. WAYS OF READING

5. When we want to find a company’s telephone number, we look in a telephone directory. The Internet, however, doesn’t have a directory of websites, so how can we find the website of a business we’re interested in? The answer is to use a ‘search engine’. One of the most popular search engines at the moment is Google. Let’s say you want to find a company called Haymarket. You do a quick search on Google, and all the websites which have the word Haymarket in them appear in a list.
Принцип поиска информации в интернете. INSTANT INFORMATION

6. Many people suffer from some form of dyslexia. This means that their reading or writing ability is not as good as you would expect from their level of intelligence. There are actually many different types of dyslexia. If you have ‘scotopic sensitivity syndrome’, for example, you find it difficult to read black print on white paper. Other colours, however, are much easier to read.
Различные виды дислексии. SERIOUS PROBLEM

№ текста	1	2	3	4	5	6
тема	C	F	G	D	E	B

ВСЕ ТЕСТЫ

Источник

1) Установите соответствие между заголовками 1 — 8 и текстами A — G. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. How people used to treat them
2. How they get their food
3. Where they live
4. How people start to collect their images
5. How they confuse the scientists
6. When they scare the people
7. How they breed
8. What endangers them

A. Flamingos are very social and often live in large groups, called colonies, throughout the world. They are found in both the Eastern and Western hemispheres. The American Flamingo is the only one that lives in the wild in North America, and on many Caribbean islands such as the Bahamas, Cuba, and Hispaniola. It also lives in northern South America, the Galapagos Islands, and parts of Mexico.

B. Flamingos fish while walking in shallow water and mud. When a flamingo notices its potential dinner (for example, shrimp, snails, and plantlike water organisms), it plunges its head into the water, twists its head upside down, and scoops the fish up using its upper beak like a shovel. Flamingos get their pink coloring from the carotenoid pigment in their food, which is the same pigment that makes carrots orange.

C. Flamingos build nests that look like mounds of mud along waterways. The parents take turns sitting on the egg to keep it warm and after about 30 days the egg hatches. Young flamingos are born white, with soft, downy feathers and a straight bill. Both adult birds look after the newborn flamingo. The young leave the nest after about five days to join other young flamingos in small groups, returning to their parents for food.

D. Scientists aren’t 100% sure why flamingos stand on one leg, but they have some theories. One theory says that it is to keep one leg warm. Another idea is that flamingos are drying out one leg at a time. A third theory states that it helps them deceive their catch, because one leg looks more like a plant than do two. Whatever the reason, it is truly amazing that these top heavy birds can balance on one leg for hours at a time.

E. Ancient Egyptians believed that flamingos were the living representation of the god Ra. In the Americas, the Moche people of ancient Peru worshipped nature and paid a great deal of attention to these birds and often depicted flamingos in their art. However, Andean miners killed flamingos for their fat, which is believed to be a remedy for tuberculosis, and in Ancient Rome their tongues were considered a delicacy.

F. Many people have plastic flamingos in their yards as ornaments. This is a fun and inexpensive way to add some elegance to one’s landscaping. In many parts of the world flamingos are popular collectibles, appearing in the form of magnets, water globes, and jewelry. They are also said to be an image that people find to be calming and exciting at the same time. For these purposes people buy millions of plastic flamingos annually all around the world.

G. Flamingos have been affected in many ways by global warming. One of the biggest concerns is making nests and laying eggs. Flamingos depend on rainfall to help them mate and without adequate rain they won’t engage in it. Many researchers find that global warming reduces the chance of rain and can cause drought in some of the areas where they live. This could mean a significant reduction of offspring in the years ahead.

A	B	C	D	E	F	G

2) Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A — F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1 — 7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя.

Running a multilingual European Union

The use of 23 official languages is the public face of the European Union (EU). The reasons ___ (A) are not hard to identify: they are democracy, transparency and the right to know. New legislation must be published and made available in a language all EU citizens can understand. The use of all official languages also makes it easier for people to participate in public debates and consultations ___ (B).

Its law-making function and the direct involvement of its citizens explain ___ (C) like the United Nations or NATO, which operate only at the intergovernmental level with no legislative function. The United Nations, with more than 190 members, uses only six languages. The Council of Europe, ___ (D), publishes official documents only in English and French, as does NATO.

Running a multilingual EU comes at a price. But it is a modest price when set against the results. The annual cost of translation and interpretation is about 1% of the EU budget, ___ (E). The total cost has risen by only a small margin despite the arrival of 12 new countries since 2004.

The EU institutions have adjusted their procedures over the years to handle the rising number of official languages. Translators work with written texts, and interpreters with the spoken word. But they must be able to translate or interpret into their main language, ___ (F), from at least two other EU languages.

1. with more members than the EU
2. which is usually their mother tongue
3. that the EU launches, often online
4. which is a little over 2 for every citizen
5. why the EU uses so many official languages
6. that was earlier translated into three main languages
7. why the EU uses more languages than multinational bodies

A	B	C	D	E	F

3) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

What does the author think about educational value of prohibiting children from internet?
1) It is useless.
2) It is important.
3) It is effective.
4) It is advisable.

4) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

What way of using internet in education does the author mention (paragraph 2)?
1) Finding ready-made research papers.
2) Online instruction by school administration.
3) Communication platform for teachers and students.
4) Teaching from home.

5) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

What, according to the author, can the parents’ refusal to allow their children supervised internet access lead to?
1) Children become overprotected.
2) Children use internet in schools under teacher’s control.
3) Children turn to misconduct in schools.
4) Children start cheating on their parents.

6) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

What does the phrase ‘don’t have an “off” switch in their brains’ (paragraph 5) mean?
1) They are unable to restrain from spontaneous actions.
2) They are making reckless decisions.
3) They are acting anonymously online.
4) They are considering the consequences of their actions.

7) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

According to the text, the best way to protect children from internet hazards is to
1) monitor their accounts in social networks.
2) follow them online.
3) ban them from using social networks.
4) limit their access to computer.

Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

The danger of online games is, according to the author, in
1) the possibility of losing one’s money.
2) availability of VIP passes.
3) getting used to spending money easily.
4) their accessibility.

9) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

What idea is emphasized in the last paragraph?
1) Chatting with strangers online can be dangerous.
2) Nicknames conceal the real identity of a person online.
3) Learning internet security is essential for young people.
4) Pictures should be uploaded wisely.

Источник

13002. Установите соответствие между заголовками 1-8 и текстами A-G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1) Staying in Shape is Important
2) Threat to Your Eyesight
3) Don’t Ignore Warning Signs
4) Use Alternative Medicine

5) Fat People Are at Risk
6) Turn a Bad Habit into a Good Idea
7) Choose Proper Nutrition
Prevention Is Better Than Cure

A. There are numerous problems associated with obesity. It is not just a cosmetic problem but also a health hazard. Doctors generally agree that the more obese a person is, the more likely he or she is to have health problems. This is because obesity has been linked to several serious medical conditions. People who are overweight can gain significant health benefits from losing weight.

B. Hey, couch potato! Don’t feel guilty indulging in serials or reality shows — use the commercials as an excuse to burn calories. There is probably an average of 15 minutes of commercials in an hour-long program. If you exercised through each commercial break during just two hours of TV, you’d already have met the recommended amount of daily exercise necessary to reduce health risks.

C. Regular checkups are a valuable tool in maintaining good health. Taking proper care of your health at the right time can help avoid a lot of problems in the future. The main aim of a checkup is to detect illness at an early stage. It’s good to find out that you have a health problem before it is too late so appropriate tests should be done at the right time.

D. Do you mainly exercise for a few weeks in January before you forget your New Year’s resolution, and then again when you realise your summer holiday is around the corner? You’d not be alone, but keeping fit is something you should do all year round. You might not be particularly bothered about your appearance or your weight, but keeping fit is as much about what’s on the inside as it is what’s on the outside.

E. Pain is our body’s means to indicate that something is wrong and requires immediate attention. Pain for a short time can be taken care of by a painkiller but if the soreness is lingering for too long, then it requires proper medical expertise. Sometimes life menacing problems have back pain and joint pain as symptoms and can, if neglected, do permanent damage.

F. Think about your car — the higher the grade of the fuel you put in it, the better it runs. Your body works the same way. If you eat healthy foods, you’ll be healthier and feel better. Eating well is easy if you’re aware of what foods are best for you. But don’t worry! Eating healthy food doesn’t mean eliminating every single thing you love from your diet.

G. Do you spend more than 3 hours a day working or maybe playing on a computer? If so, you are at a higher risk than casual computer users. Researchers warn that watching a computer screen for six or more hours a day might be linked to a progressive eye disease. This does not mean, however, that people who work on a computer for less than 3 hours a day will not suffer eye complications due to computer use.

P.S. Нашли ошибку в задании? Пожалуйста, сообщите о вашей находке
При обращении указывайте id этого вопроса — 13002.

12962. Установите соответствие между заголовками 1-8 и текстами A-G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1) Curious Conclusion
2) Group Builders
3) Unsolved Mystery
4) Meteorological Phenomenon

5) Friendly but Dangerous
6) Clever Camouflage
7) Feeding to Death
Animal Diseases

A. Tree squirrels are quite used to humans and many will come close to people hoping they will be fed. However, squirrels deserve our respectful distance. They have very sharp teeth and sharp claws and defend themselves by biting and scratching if they are startled. However, they are fun to observe. So treat them with gentle respect… and they can be wonderful ‘wild friends’.

B. Elephants display ‘right-handedness’, not in their limbs, but in the tusks. Close examination of an elephant’s tusks will reveal that one tusk has a blunter tip and is thicker than its less favoured counterpart. The reason for this difference is that in their natural habitat elephants use their tusks for gathering food, and digging for water. Consequently the tusk on their favourite side becomes more developed, but blunter.

C. In October 1987, an attempt to find the famous Loch Ness monster was made with 20 cruisers that swept the loch using sonar equipment, electronically recording all contacts. While the cruisers caught enough salmon to feed an army, there was no sign of Nessie. Most scientists would bet that there is no monster, yet they do seem to hedge themselves and keep an open mind as they await conclusive proof in the form of skeletal evidence or the capture of the monster.

D. Birds used for the production of Foie Gras are trapped in tiny cages, where they hardly have any place to move or flap their wings. Mechanized feeders come at regular intervals to feed them and metal pipes are forced down their gullets several times a day. The over-fed birds have difficulty breathing and acquire a range of diseases. Once these birds have reached a point of near-death, they are slaughtered, and their livers end up in restaurants!

E. Animals adapt over time to their environments, some so much so that they begin to look like their surroundings — a helpful evolutionary advantage in the face of potential predators (or while stalking prey). There are octopi that blend in perfectly with sandy ocean floors, insects that look just like leaves and fish that resemble oceanic plants. There is even an octopus that can mimic nearly twenty other oceanic species to scare off.

F. Humans work together all the time to build incredible structures we could never have dreamed up, let alone construct, on our own — but some animal architecture is arguably even more impressive. There is a spider web built by a variety of species working together that spans much of a public park, an ant colony that extends for thousands of miles and birds nests built by entire flocks living together under one thatched roof.

G. Raining animals… it sounds ridiculous, right? Nonetheless, it happens — although rarely. Fish, frogs and birds are the most common forms of animal rain. Sometimes the creatures land relatively unscathed but in other cases they are frozen or shredded to pieces. Theories vary in their details but generally it is assumed that certain kinds of strong winds lift up the animals with a volume of water (fish and frogs from ponds, for example) or sweep them out of the sky in the case of birds and then deposit them, often right before a major storm.

P.S. Нашли ошибку в задании? Пожалуйста, сообщите о вашей находке
При обращении указывайте id этого вопроса — 12962.

12922. Установите соответствие между заголовками 1-8 и текстами A-G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1) Great Beginning
2) Important Event
3) Struggle for Survival
4) Ancient Wonder

5) Agriculture Success
6) Tourist Boom
7) Living Longer
Practical Invention

A. Computers have already revolutionized the way we live and work. But it is early days for computers. We do not know how much they are still changing the world. Already, Internet users can buy things and study holiday offers. It’s much easier to edit and print documents using a PC. More computer wonders are yet to come.

B. Only a few years before men were walking on the moon, reputable scientists declared that it was impossible. But in 1969 Neil Armstrong stepped out of his space capsule and made his famous statement, ‘That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.’ However, progress in this area is slower now. Not as much money goes into re- search as in the 1960s.

C. Surely nothing has done more for the comfort and happiness of mankind than the advance of medical knowledge! Lots of people have benefited from aspirin and lots of lives have been saved by penicillin. Surgeons can perform the most amazing operations. Average life expectancy in Europe has risen dramatically over the last hundred years.

D. In the past, a holiday used to mean simply a day when you did not work. Now millions of holidaymakers travel to all parts of the world. Perhaps, not all people like to see lots of tourists in their countries, but we must admit that a phenomenon which sees the population of Greece treble is a wonder of the world.

E. It is true that the Olympic Games are now commercialized and there is greed and drug abuse. However, it is a competition in which every country of the world takes part. Every four years, for a brief moment, we see these countries come together in peace and friendship. We see people from warring countries shake hands. We feel hope again for the future of mankind.

F. In 1724, Jonathan Swift wrote, ‘Whoever makes two blades of grass or two ears of corn grow where only one grew before serves mankind better than the whole race of politicians’. In Europe farmers have done it and we produce enough food to feed the world.

If only politicians could find a way to share it with those parts of the world where there is still famine.

G. The greatest wonder of the modern world is simply that we are still here. We have bombs that could destroy the world but we try our best not to use them. Because of people’s effort no government dares to use such weapons. The year 2001 marked the 100th anniversary of the Nobel Peace Prize, the most famous attempt to raise awareness of the issues of war and peace.

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12882. Установите соответствие между заголовками 1-8 и текстами A-G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1) World Without Drivers
2) Health Benefits
3) Unexpected Tech Failure
4) Military Use

5) Other Side of the Coin
6) Saving Time And Money
7) Specialised Vehicles
Robotic Future

A. Globally released worldwide, Microsoft Vista hit the markets in early 2007. Its ideology was to enhance the security system of the personal computer. But the security features weren’t all that better than its previous versions’, according to many software critics. Vista is also not compatible on all sorts of PC’s and runs slower compared to Windows XP. All of this prevented Vista from being a better version and it never took off like the company had hoped.

B. A couple centuries ago, if you wanted to record a moment for posterity, you sat around for hours or days while someone painted it. Up until ten years ago, you were at the mercy of photo developers charging 20 cents or more to help preserve your memories. Now you can record countless images and store them electronically for all of eternity at virtually no cost per picture.

C. With technology advancing at the pace it is today, we have to believe that by the end of the century we won’t be driving our cars around the city. Rather, we will just be sitting on the then historic driver’s seat and doing some work. While the concept looks futuristic, industrial designer Kubik Petr believes that nothing seems impossible with modern technology at hand.

D. The Kenguru is designed only for the disabled. Previously car manufacturers would design cars for the disabled but not specifically for them. This Hungarian company is taking it to the next step, the disabled will be able to open the rear of the car and just roll in the driving position, secure their wheelchair — without never having to leave their chair.

E. Technology certainly offers us innumerable comforts within our world, especially when it comes to people who have extreme medical conditions and need the help of science and technology to live comfortably within their everyday lives. The creation of robot limbs allows a person to walk again. The introduction of synthetic body parts such as a heart pump can help a person to live longer.

F. Everyone knows that being a soldier is a dangerous job. Walking through minefields, deactivating unexploded bombs or clearing out hostile buildings, for example, are some of the riskiest tasks. What if we could send robots to do these jobs instead of humans? Then, if something went wrong, we’d only lose the money it cost to build the robot instead of losing a human life.

G. Cutting edge technologies offer the hope for a better world, bringing welcome solutions to everything from disease to environmental damage. But these same technologies can also bring danger by aiding criminals and terrorists, invading personal privacy and even potentially creating diseases and damaging the environment. The more power ful and pervasive technology becomes, the more dangerous it becomes as well.

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12842. Установите соответствие между заголовками 1-8 и текстами A-G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1) Special Attitude is Required
2) Lack of Challenge May Cause Problems
3) Gifted Children Always Become Famous
4) Awareness of Giftedness

5) Gifted Children Have no Support
6) Contrary to Popular Belief
7) Being Gifted Is not Always Easy
Identifying the Gifted Child

A. Gifted children’s behaviour differs from that of their age-mates. Many gifted children learn to read early, with better comprehension of the nuances of language. As much as half of the gifted and talented population has learned to read before entering school. They can work independently at an earlier age and can concentrate for longer periods. They like to learn new things, are willing to examine the unusual, and are highly inquisitive.

B. Being academically gifted is a topic laced with myths and fears, many of which are unfounded. Moreover, academically gifted children often face special problems. So do their parents. Schools treat those children differently from those whose talents lie in other areas, like music, art, and sports. Gifted children may also be learning disabled, or have another disability while being highly intelligent.

C. Social and emotional difficulties are not directly linked to giftedness. Rather, they result from a lack of understanding by the child of the nature of their intellectual differ- ence. Parents and teachers don’t usually discuss this difference with them because of the concern that they may get a ‘swelled head’. The risk is that gifted children may view their differences as ‘weird’ or ‘bad’ or try to ignore or deny them.

D. Most of the athletes are allowed to develop their special skills at whatever rate best suits them. No one tries to stop them from becoming much better baseball players or swimmers than their classmates. Yet if an academically gifted child tries to do two years of work in one, that’s viewed as potentially harmful. Much of the concern focuses on the non-academic areas of these gifted children’s development.

E. Researchers emphasize that for the vast majority of academically gifted children those concerns are groundless. In fact, these children are more likely to develop social and even academic problems if they don’t feel intellectually challenged. If gifted children don’t go to challenging programs, they may not learn how to learn. Eventually, in college or graduate school, they feel emotionally overwhelmed when they can’t just coast through their courses anymore.

F. Gifted children represent both a challenge and a resource for schools. Educators have a responsibility to provide programs to meet the educational needs of gifted students who are capable of learning at advanced levels. Ideally, schools should have specifically trained teachers for gifted students to create a challenging and supportive learning environment for these children.

G. Gifted children are often viewed as ‘the smart ones’ who should know everything. Yet, being gifted does not mean they possess great abilities in every area. Albert Einstein was 4 years old before he spoke a word. Winston Churchill failed the 6th grade, and Leo Tolstoy flunked out of college. What do these three famous people have in common? In fact, they are all considered gifted, and in some cases, geniuses.

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12802. Установите соответствие между заголовками 1-8 и текстами A-G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1) Foreign Food
2) Diet Dangers
3) Changing Habits
4) Eating Out

5) Plan Your Diet Carefully
6) Popular but Useless
7) Food Safety
Eating Together

A. A quick look at junk food facts tells us junk food and diets do not go hand in hand. Junk foods are also called ‘empty calorie’ foods and have no nutritional value. Nevertheless, they are enjoyed by lots of people because of their simplicity to manufacture, consume and, of course, their taste. Chocolates, burgers, pizzas, potato wafers and fries will surely find their way into everyone’s heart.

B. Thai cuisine is one of the healthiest foods you can eat. In fact, several Thai dishes, such as Tom Yum Soup, are currently under scientific study for their incredible health benefits. Of course, it’s already known that many of the fresh herbs and spices used in Thai cooking — such as turmeric, galangal, coriander, lemongrass, and fresh chillies have immune-boosting and disease-fighting power.

C. Vegetarian diets can be very healthy, but eating a balanced diet when you are vegetarian usually requires a little extra attention. Because vegetarians eliminate certain foods from their diets, they often need to work to add foods into their diet that will provide the nutrients found in meat products. If properly planned, vegetarian diets can provide all the nutrients you need.

D. It’s actually easy to make good choices at a fast-food restaurant or the cafeteria. Most cafeterias and fast-food places offer healthy choices that are also tasty, like grilled chicken or salads. Be mindful of portion sizes and high fat add-ons, like dressings, sauces or cheese. Most restaurant portions are larger than the average serving of food at home. Ask for half portions or take half of your dish home.

E. Family meals are making a comeback. Shared family meals are more likely to be nutritious, and kids who eat regularly with their families are less likely to snack on unhealthy foods and more likely to eat fruits and vegetables. Teens who take part in regular family meals are less likely to smoke, drink alcohol, or use drugs. Beyond health and nutrition, family meals provide a valuable opportunity to reconnect.

F. Families are cooking more meals at home, cutting back on take away in the face of the economic downturn. In addition to cutting back on take away and eating out, families have begun cooking more vegetarian meals and are adding vegetables, lentils and baked beans to allow them to cut back on meat quantity. Consumers also indicate that they are likely to prepare meals that can be spread across more than one mealtime.

G. In recent years it has become common practice for celebrities and stars to publicize food products. Businesses take advantage of consumers’ mentality of ‘following the stars’ and invite celebrities and stars to perform ‘false advertising’ so as to mislead or even deceive consumers. The law stipulates that those who publicize ‘faulty food products’ will share responsibility with food producers and sellers.

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12762. Установите соответствие между заголовками 1-8 и текстами A-G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1) Fashions in Food
2) New Weapon
3) Health Problem
4) Significant Difference

5) Holiday Regulations
6) The Price of Success
7) Psychological Barrier
Strong Competitor

A. Nowadays, potatoes are the ‘in’ thing so far as health is concerned. In the 60s and 70s we were told to avoid them at all costs for fear of getting fat, but now they have been reinvented by the dieticians as a source of fibre and vitamins. Sensible people, like you and me, have always eaten them because they taste so good.

B. Organizing a holiday isn’t the easiest task in the world; there are so many things to think about. Let’s keep it simple by assuming that there’s no overseas travel to arrange. That doesn’t mean that you can also forget about injections and other health precautions entirely. What about sun blocker? What about regular medication prescribed by your doctor? My point, quite frankly, is that planning a holiday can be a real pain although a well-planned holiday can more than reward the pains you go to before you set out.

C. Symantec, McAfee and Trend Micro have the US market for anti-virus software sewed up between them. But here comes Russia’s Kaspersky Lab trying to gain a foothold. The Moscow-based company opened a sales office outside of Boston in February and has signed up about 40 resellers. Kaspersky reacts quicker than the giants to new viruses and other forms of malware, and gets fixes out fast.

D. Sitting in the office armchairs all-day long has become the norm for many of us. Stress and rush make us forget about regular food and stuff our stomachs with cheese burgers and sodas, which don’t do any good to our bodies. As a result, we rarely find time for exercise, gyms or balanced nutrition and it’s one of the reasons why a lot of people are overweight nowadays. However, it is possible to change your lifestyle and lose weight if you are willing to.

E. The Internet is a very effective medium for spreading ideas or news. It eliminates geographical boundaries, and Greenpeace is aware of it, and benefits from it. For instance, in 1995, Greenpeace utilised its site to publicise a route that the French use to send nuclear shipments to Japan. They also included the fax number of the French Embassy and of the newspaper Le Monde so that letters of protest could be sent.

F. The biggest problem most people face in learning a new language is their own fear, like Stage Fear. They worry that they won’t say things correctly or that they will look stupid so they don’t talk at all. Don’t do this. Actually, the fastest way to learn anything is to do it — again and again until you get it right. Like anything, learning English requires practice. Don’t let your fear stop you from getting what you want.

G. Fuel cells are similar to a battery except unlike batteries, they don’t need to be recharged. Fuel causes air pollution and noise, while fuel cells do not cause either. Fuel cells don’t cause pollution because they don’t create waste like fuel. Fuel cells are also very efficient, so efficient that fuel cells have been providing energy on spacecrafts for a very long time.

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12722. Установите соответствие между заголовками 1-8 и текстами A-G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1) Clear Out Distractions
2) Have Help Handy
3) Recognize Your Limitations
4) Take a Rest

5) Stay Calm Under Pressure
6) Plan Your Work
7) Stay Focused
Work With Interest

A. The overriding idea is to go for simplicity. A quiet basement, a library table or the ground next to a big tree outside allows you to focus on what you’re doing. Examples of poor locations would include the kitchen table, common areas where you’re likely to encounter friends, or even your own room, as it’s usually stocked with a computer, television, and video games that seem a lot more appealing than what you’re doing. You have to remove yourself far enough from any potential disturbance. This is the key to any successful session of work.

B. Making your work relate to your leisure activities or hobbies eliminates much of the tedium associated with it. Whenever possible, make your schoolwork centre around something you love, and run with it. Essay assignment? Write about your favourite hobby. History report? Write about your favourite historical battle. Just pick anything to make your reports and assignments less mundane. As long as you meet all the requirements of the assignment, the rest is yours to choose.

C. It’s okay to reward a long session of hard work with a quick break here or there. Eat something, watch a TV show, play a bit of your favourite video game, pick up a musical instrument and practise a little bit. Trying to work too long at too hard a pace without a break is only going to spoil your work in the end, as you’ll start to tire, grow apathetic, and make mistakes. Taking semi-frequent breaks proportional to the amount of time you spent working keeps your mind fresh and your spirits up.

D. Ultimately, you are going to have to make executive decisions about the importance of various assignments relative to how much time and effort you’re expending on them. Don’t get bogged down worrying about finishing a small assignment that is worth a negligible fraction of your grade if it means that finishing it will cost you important points on a far more important project or paper for another class. Always rank assignments based on their due date and importance. In the grand scheme of things, it’s always best to do what will get you the best overall average of grade points.

E. If you have multiple assignments to do, don’t try and work on more than one at a time. Pick the most immediately due assignment and stick with it like glue until it’s done. Then move on to the next most pressing assignment. This way, you resist the temptation to bypass hard, looming assignments to jump to easier but less pressing assignments for your sense of accomplishment. Concentrating your efforts on one task is the key to any successful session of work.

F. Often, you’ll be tempted to pull all-nighters simply to get things done and out of your head. This is extremely counterproductive. If you feel very tired, you can just drop off at any moment. If you sense you’re giving less and less effort to your work, then stop. It’s always better to pick it up the next day when you’re focused than to run a marathon all night and wind up with substandard work that you aren’t proud of.

G. It’s not always easy to stay on the ball in college, but if you know how to stay calm, and make your assignments work for you, you can simplify things tremendously. If you have no idea how to even start an assignment, always feel free to contact your professor, campus tutoring office, or even your parents for advice. Don’t let your fears get in the way of your doing well. If asking a professor for assistance is the difference between a C and an A on an assignment, you should not care about your pride, you should care about your college marks.

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12682. Установите соответствие между заголовками 1-8 и текстами A-G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1) Different Explanations
2) Unexpected Invention
3) Circles on the Water
4) Ancient Ancestor

5) Hidden Menace
6) Solution to the Problem
7) Significant Benefits
Artificial Eye

A. The presumption of innocence is a legal right that the accused in criminal trials has in many modern countries. The burden of proof is thus on the prosecution. It has to collect and present enough compelling evidence to convince the jury of the fact that beyond a reasonable doubt the accused has broken the law. In case of remaining doubts, the accused is to be acquitted.

B. Sarah and Lisa always enjoyed hanging out at the mall. But one Saturday, after shopping for jeans, Sarah pulled a new shirt out of her bag. Lisa didn’t remember seeing her buy it. ‘I didn’t, ’ Sarah told her. ‘I lifted it.” Lisa was upset and puzzled. Stealing didn’t seem like something Sarah would do. Sometimes people do not realize the consequences of this crime.

C. Even families living in so-called ‘safe’ neighbourhoods are concerned. They may feel safe today, but there is always a reminder that violence can intrude at any moment. Polly Klaas and her family no doubt felt safe in Petaluma, California. But on October 1, 1993, she was abducted from her suburban home during a sleepover. If she can be abducted and murdered, so can nearly any other child.

D. The Internet is a great place to find information, make friends, keep in touch with others, and do business. There always are other sides as long as there is a criminal element. As our world becomes more computerized and ever more interconnected, different kinds of computer crimes will continue to grow. These include break-ins of computers to get trade secrets or illegal entry for the thrill and challenge.

E. Movie violence these days is louder and bloodier than ever before. When a bad guy was shot in a black-and-white Western, the most we saw was a puff of smoke and a few drops of fake blood. Now the sights, sounds, and special effects often jar us more than the real thing. Slow motion and pyrotechnics conspire to make movies and TV shows more gruesome than ever.

F. University of Illinois psychologist Leonard Eron studied children at age eight and then again at eighteen. He found that television habits established at the age of eight influenced aggressive behaviour through childhood and adolescent years. The more violent were the programs preferred by boys in the third grade, the more aggressive was their behaviour, both at that time and ten years later.

G. In the debate about execution and human dignity, supporters and opponents of the death penalty have found very little common ground. Since the 18th century, those who wish to abolish the death penalty have stressed the significance of requiring governments to recognize the importance of each individual. However, supporters of this penal practice see nothing wrong with governments deliberately killing terrible people who commit terrible crimes.

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12642. Установите соответствие между заголовками 1-8 и текстами A-G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1) Different Explanations
2) Unexpected Invention
3) Circles on the Water
4) Ancient Ancestor

5) Hidden Menace
6) Solution to the Problem
7) Significant Benefits
Artificial Eye

A. Chocolate chip cookies were actually a mistake! One day in 1903, Ruth Wakefield, while baking a batch of cookies, noticed she was out of bakers’ chocolate! As a substitute she broke some semi-sweetened chocolate into small pieces and put them in the dough. She thought that the chocolate would melt in the dough and the dough would absorb it. When she opened up the oven, she realized she had invented the tasty treat called chocolate chip cookies!

B. Computers originally began as calculators. The first calculator was made by Blaise Pascal. It only had eight buttons, and it could only do addition and subtraction. There was a set of wheels, and all of the wheels had the numbers zero through nine on them. The wheels were connected by gears and each turn of one wheel would turn the next wheel one-tenth of a turn. This machine was completed in 1642 when Blaise was twentyone years old.

C. A helicopter has a big advantage over an airplane, especially when people might be trapped in a tight place like on a mountain, where there is not much space to land, or in the water. They are also used for rescuing people from burning buildings or from trees when there are floods. Without the helicopter as a rescue vehicle, many people would lose their lives because the rescuers would be unable to reach them if they were in a difficult area.

D. Cars have always caused air pollution. In the past, there was a lot more air pollution created by cars than there is today. In the future, there will probably be even less. Two good ways for pursuing the dream of less air pollution are cars that run on solar energy and cars that run on fuel cells. Solar energy and fuel cells don’t cause pollution because they do not give off any exhaust.

E. Reporter Rob Spence is planning to have a camera embedded in his eye socket and become a bionic reporter’. Spence, who lost one of his eyes when he was young, says he has a prototype in development and that one day the replacement of even healthy eyes with bionic ones may become commonplace. It seems shocking now, but it will become more and more normal, ’ he said.

F. Crop circles have been appearing in fields all over the world for the past 30 years.
There have been suggestions that they are made by flying saucers landing and flattening the crops, or even that they are messages left by visiting aliens.
Others think they are created by microwave beams from satellites orbiting the Earth. Other more rational suggestions are that crop circles are man-made hoaxes, attempting to convince the public of extra-terrestrial life on Earth.

G. The Egyptian Pyramids have always been surrounded by mystery.
When Egyptologists began to open the tombs of the pharaohs, rumours abounded that anyone who raided them would be cursed. Many think a curse was to blame for the death of Lord Carnarvon, who funded the expedition to open King Tutankhamen’s tomb in 1923. He died of pneumonia after being bitten by a mosquito a few weeks after the tomb was opened.

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Для вас приятно генерировать тесты, создавайте их почаще

Источник

В данном задании дается связный текст с семью пропусками. В данной части экзамена это самое сложное задание. Для каждого пропуска предлагаются четыре варианта ответа, из которых только один является правильным. За каждый правильно выбранный ответ дается 1 Балл. За все задание можно получить максимально 7 Баллов.

ЦЕЛЬ ЗАДАНИЯ: Проверить умение использовать лексику в коммуникативном контексте с учетом специфики:

Форм одного слова и слов, близких по написанию и звучанию;

Ф Значений одного слова и его синонимов, антонимов, омонимов;

Ф Норм лексической сочетаемости, принятых в английском языке, и т. д.

СОВЕТЫ ПО ЭФФЕКТИВНОМУ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЮ ЗАДАНИЯ

Заранее ознакомиться с форматом задания и с требованиями по заполнению бланков для данного задания.

Во время первого прочтения

Просмотреть текст с пропусками, постараться понять его содержание.

Во время второго прочтения

1. Читать текст до пропуска. При работе с каждым фрагментом текста с пропуском использовать следующую логику:

♦ читать внимательно весь фрагмент, но особое внимание уделить предложению с пропущенным словом;

♦ внимательно изучить все предложенные варианты ответа, выбрать наиболее подходящий с учетом значения и норм лексической сочетаемости пропущенного слова. ОСОБОЕ ВНИМАНИЕ уделить Синонимам (у них могут Быть разные оттенки значения, они могут иметь Различия в управлении и сочетаемости с другими словами), а также Созвучным словам или словам Со сходным написанием (у них могут быть разные значения).

♦ прочитать предложение с пропуском еще раз, убедиться, что выбранное слово является наиболее корректным для заполнения пропуска. ОБОСНОВАТЬ СВОЙ ВЫБОР, определив, почему другие варианты неверны в данном случае. Если задание выполняется Не на экзамене, проверить правильность сделанного выбора По словарю.

2. Обвести/ записать окончательный вариант ответа в тексте задания.

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 1

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22—А28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите Номер Выбранного Вами Варианта Ответа.

A New Family Member

Tracey and her sister had always wanted their own horse. And although neither of them had much spare money, they were about to ∣A22∣Their dream. The tricky part was not getting a horse but actually finding somewhere to keep one. But eventually Mrs Richards aGreed to let the girls ∣A23∣A small field at the far end of the farm. This was going to ∣A24∣Them J500 a year but it would work out at just over J20 per month each which was OK. The horse himself was coming from the Horse Rescue Charity. They would need to make a small donation every year to cover the cost of an animal welfare inspector who would visit twice a year. The ∣A25∣ Expenses after this would be for food and vet bills. But the two girls were

∣A26∣That they could manage and were committed to going ahead. And it was a big commitment. They were getting an eighteen month old skewbald colt named Domino. Horses often live over twenty years and the sisters were taking him on A27∣Life. Actually they had plans to get another horse as a friend for Domino. But first of all Domino would need to settle down. He had been badly treated by his previous owners and was still a bit nervous and difficult to ∣A28∣.

A22 I	1) realise	2) consider	3) have	4) believe

A23∣	1) borrow	2) pay	3) rent	4) lend

A24 I	1) charge	2) fee	3) pay	4) cost

A25 I	1) longest	2) biggest	3) hugest	4) tallest

A26∣	1) assured	2) comfortable	3) thoughtful	4) confident

A27∣	1) for	2) during	3) at	4) to

A28∣	1) deal	2) agree	3) handle	4) cope

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 2

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Unlucky Travellers

Susan sat down, switched on her computer and was just about to read Her overnight emails when the door flew open. “Valerie! What are you doing here? You are A22∣ to be on holiday in Italy!”

Susan was astonished. She and Val worked together as receptionists at the hospital. Because she had expected to be on her own and working twice as hard, she was quite pleased to see Val. On the other hand she knew that Val was really looking ∣A23∣To her holiday. What could possibly have gone wrong? Val walked in but she didn’t say a ∣A24∣ word. It was clear that she was upset and tired. “What is it? What’s happened?” Susan continued. “Is everything OK?” Valerie was silent for some moments but eventually A25__________________________ . “You clearly haven’t

Heard the news. Our travel company went bankrupt on Friday. We didn’t know and so went to the airport on Saturday morning. Actually we have spent the whole weekend at the airport hoping still to get a flight. In the end we gave ∣A26 and came home”. “Oh you poor thing,” Susan gushed. “Let me make you a cup of tea but then you should go home. You still have two weeks holiday to A27[ Is certainly nice enough at the moment.

To Italy still. We had travel insurance and it seems we will get all our money ∣A28[ We’ll try again in the autumn with a different travel company.”

A22 I	1) proposed	2) suggested	3) wanted	4) supposed

A23∣	1) for	2) around	3) forward	4) after

A24∣	1)separate	2) single	3) one	4) certain

A25∣	1) asked	2) said	3) ) spoke	4) told

A26 I	1) up	2) on	3) to	4) at

A27∣	1) make	2) take	3) manage	4) do

A28∣	1) back	2) still	3) agreed	4) together

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 3

The Tower of London

‘Her Majesty’s Royal Palace and Fortress’, ‘The Tower’ and ‘The White Tower’ are all names for the building most commonly known as The Tower of London. Construction began in 1078 but work ∣A22∣, on and off, over a period of two hundred years or more.

The Tower was essentially a fortress whose functions eventually extended to that of royal palace, prison, armoury, zoo, Royal Mint and observatory. Since 1303 it has also been used ∣A23∣Storing the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom. Today, however, The Tower is cared for by an independent charity and receives no funding from the governmEnt or the crown.

The Tower is probably best known for the famous prisoners who were ∣A24∣, and sometimes executed, there. In 1483 the 13-year-old King Edward 5ffi and his 10-year-old brother Richard were murdered there; apparently on the orders of their uncle, the Duke of Gloucester. ∣A25∣The most famous victim of The Tower was Anne Boleyn, the unfortunate second wife of Henry 8th. But Guy Fawkes, Thomas Moore, Sir Walter Raleigh and even the future Queen Elizabeth 1st were all imprisoned behind those fearsome walls.

Most people know the A26∣Legend that if the ravens ever leave The Tower — then the British Monarchy will be doomed. Possibly less people know however that the Tower was also one of the ∣A27∣Zoos. Lions, tigers and large ∣A28∣Of rare and exotic species lived

In the Tower gardens over 800 years ago.
∣A22∣	1) lengthened	2) continued	3) prolonged		4) increased
A23∣	1) as	2) with	3) for	‘∖	4) to
A24∣	1) captured	2) maintained	3) found		4) held
A25 I	1) Thus	2) Consequently	3) Probably		4) Although
A26∣	1) ancient	2) prehistoric	3) antique		4) aged
A27 I	1) newest	2) youngest	3) earliest		4) soonest
A28 I	1) figures	2) groups	3) herds		4) numbers

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 4

Schools for gifted and talented: view of American scholars

Gifted programs often provoke controversy because there is no standard definition of what a gifted student is. There are six ∣A22 of ability often evaluated in order to determine

∣A23∣A child is gifted: general intellectual ability, specific academic aptitude, creative thinking, leadership ability, visual and performing arts, and psychomotor ability. They are ∣A24∣ by combinations of standardized tests, plus peer and teacher evaluations.

On the one hand schools for gifted and talented may ∣A25∣The emotional stress of isolation and peer rejection often experienced by gifted students in a traditional school. On the other hand — social development of a child may be impeded as a result of isolation from the general population.

We can’t deny the fact that gifted programs offer personalized instruction and enriched curriculum suited to the needs of students gifted in this or that area. Such programs allow students to learn at a highly ∣A26 rate according to their ability. School administrators in such schools hire gifted teaching staff and select teachers who can be a source of instructional innovation.

Such schools normally have smaller classes and in general these schools for the gifted are few. Access ∣A27∣ them may be physically difficult because of their location. Besides, they may be not available for families with limited income asthey may be expensive. If such schools are publicly funded, they may be opposed as elitist and money that might go to traditional schools.

A22 I	1) districts	2) regions	3) parts	4) areas

A23j	1) whether	2) wherever	3) whenever	4) whereas

A24 I	1) calculated	2) quantified	3) determined	4) measured

A25∣	1) treat	2) relieve	3) simplify	4) improve

A26∣	1) hasty	2) prompt	3) accelerated	4) hurried

A27∣	1) to	2) for	3) at	4) in

A28∣	1) blamed	2) charged	3) accused	4) claimed

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 5

From High School to University Students

Some students find transition from secondary school to tertiary education painful. Well- known life is left ∣A22∣ with familiar home and community environment, parents, siblings, friends. Anticipation of unpredictable academic responsibilities and fear of failure, together with fear of disappointing one’s parents and friends ∣A23∣To the stress. They are both ∣A24∣ and afraid of new social responsibilities like dealing with roommates, instructors, male and female student friends. There is fear of not being accepted; fear of loneliness; anxiety and guilt about breaking with the past. They are on the edge of redefining themselves as adults, finding a satisfactory career, abandoning old friends and finding new.

What can be done to ∣A25∣ this stress? Firstly, it’s important to become ∣A26∣ with the university’s scholastic and non-scholastic programs: check the university’s website and request informational brochures. You can also visit the campus and introduce yourself at the Departmental office; talk to students majoring in the Department. If the university can provide the names of roommates, become acquainted in person or by ∣A27∣Prior to classes. Most Universities have orientation programs — first year student assemble on campus for a week before the start of classes. Orientation can be led by Departmental deans, instructors, and majors, introducing new students to academic procedures and standards, enrolling students in their first term classes, assigning ∣A28∣. each new student an upperclassman as mentor to help them adjust to their first year at the university.

I A22∣	1) back	2) behind	3) apart	4) aside

I A23∣	1) multiply	2) raise	3) rise	4) add

I A24∣	1) eager	2) liking	3) wanting	4) keen

I A25 I	1) shorten	2) eliminate	3) refuse	4) release

I A26∣	1) aware	2) conscious	3) acquainted	4) sensitive

I A27 I	1) correspondence	2) communication	3) interaction	4) post

I A28∣	1) to	2) for	3) at	4) —

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 6

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Education in the UK: Pages of History

Prior to 1944 the British secondary education system was rather haphazard. Schools were created by local governments, private charities, and religious foundations. Schools varied greatly by region. ∣A2¾ Was not available to all, and secondary schools were mainly for the upper and middle classes.

In 1944, secondary education was A23∣ as a right for all children, and universal, free education was introduced. From 1944 to 1976 state-funded secondary education of three types of schools (the Tripartite System): Grammar School, Secondary

Technical School and Secondary Modern School. The basic assumption of the Tripartite System was that all should be entitled to an education appropriate to their nEeds and abilities. It also assumed that students with different abilities should have a different ∣A25∣. Pupils were assigned to one of the three types of school according to their performance in an examination taken at age eleven, the Eleven Plus examination.

Grammar Schools were intended to A26∣A highly academic curriculum. There was a strong focus on intellectual subjects, such as literature, classics and complex mathematics, aimed A27 developing students’ ability to deal with abstract concepts. Secondary Technical Schools were designed to train children with ability in mechanical and scientific subjects. The focus of the schools was on providing scientists, engineers and technicians. Secondary Modern Schools would train pupils in practical skills, equipping them for less skilled jobs and home management.

Due to the expense of building facilities for three types of schools, very few Technical Schools were built, and education in the UK retained its class character: the upper class children attended Grammar School which received the lion’s share of funding, lower class children attended Modern Schools which were largely neglected. Only children who |А28|_ to Grammar Schools had a real chance of getting into a university.

I A22	1) Access	2) Attendance	3) Entrance	4) Reception

I A23	1) recognized	2) recalled	3) found	4) realised

I A24	1) inserted	2) included	3) contained	4) consisted

I A25	1) agenda	2) curriculum	3) courses	4) plan

I A26	1) instruct	2)learn	3) teach	4) study

I A27	1) on	2) at	3) to	4) for

I A28	1) attended	2) admitted	3) went	4) graduated

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 7

Globalisation

Globalisation is good and bad and inevitable. It is good or at least useful economically because it lowers ∣A22∣To trade and increases the flow of goods, labour and services. It has both ∣A23∣In and encouraged legal migration, and tourism. It has shared the best of the world’s musical culture, sport, TV and films, fashion and dance. It has made the world both familiar and strange. In any main Street from Moscow to Los Angeles or London to Sydney — one can eat Chinese, Indian, Italian or Thai cuisine and it seems perfectly normal. Globalisation has reduced (many argue) the ∣A24∣Of global conflict and it has aided the development of world health policies and humanitarian aid. The charity concert “Live Aid” was watched by 400 million viewers in 60 countries.

But Globalisation is also dark. The process began through “discovery” and colonization. It demanded integration ∣A25∣The expense of local independence, colour and “difference”. It grew out of monstrous transnational corporations that became so powerful that neither trade unions nor governments had the power to hinder. It came with the opportunity to produce goods on an unprecedented scale at previously unimagined prices. Globalization ∣A26∣ to the independent manufacturers of the world — “grow with us, or die”.

And Globalization is inevitable. Elements of the late 20th century phenomenon can be seen throughout history in the rise and fall of every empire: where dress, cuisine, culture and even language were ∣A27∣ across continents. Many believe that it is now US culture that has displaced traditional diversity, local uniqueness and identity. Personally I am unable to argue for or against globalisation. It is truly ∣A28∣And utterly terrible and completely inevitable.

I A22∣	1) obstructions	2) blockades	3) difficulties	4) barriers

I A23∣	1) caused	2) affected	3)founded	4) resulted
			I
I A24 I	1) opportunity	2) occasion	3) likelihood	4) reason

I A25 I	1) at	2) for	3) on	4) by

I A26 I	1)spoke	2) told	3) said	4) talked

I A27∣	1) exposed	2) imposed	3) imported	4) obliged

I A28∣	1) well	2) good	3) nice	4) superior

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 8

Quarrelling Neighbours

England and France are neighbours and have a famous 1000 year old, love-hate ∣A22∣. An early milestone was 1066, when William of Normandy conquered England. As any English football fan will ∣A23∣You “It’s their fault, they started it!” and ever since there has been conflict; both “teams” selecting their own highlights! The English generally choose the Battle of Agincourt (1415) and of course the ∣A24∣ of Napoleon (conveniently forgetting that several other nations were actually involved). A more recent low occurred wHen Churchill ordered the sinking of the French Fleet after France surrendered to Germany. ∣A25∣ many claim the UK’s role in the liberation of France rather made up for this!

English-French rivalry continues to the present time — in sport, language and culture. In any big sporting tournament (especially football or rugby) the French become “Frogs” — a nickname derived ∣A26∣The (inexplicable to English taste) French inclusion of frogs, snails and other unmentionables in their cuisine.

In the last decades the French have even battled against the invasion of the English language — “Le weekend”, “Le sandwich” and so forth. But it seems that the English language is a ∣A27∣Opponent. The rivalry recently flared up again most recently when London narrowly beat Paris in the bid to A28∣ the 2012 Olympics. But in fairness, since William “kicked-off” in 1066 there have been plenty of French victories as well, and in reality the nations are the best of friends as much as “best” enemies and their rivalry is often quite witty and entertaining.

A22j	1) relationship	2) rapport	3) acquaintance	4) connection

A23 I	1) talk	2) speak	3) say	4) tell

A24 I	1) loss ;	2) defeat	3) failure	4) collapse

A25 I	1) Thus	2) Although	3) Therefore	4) Nevertheless

A26∣	1) of	2) for	3) from	4) off

A27∣	1) tough	2) solid	3) heavy	4) hard

A28∣	1) accommodate	2) host	3) settle	4) contain

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 9

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A Night at the Museum

Friday 6th March 2010, was special for Laura, and me — our sleep over at the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH). I am guessing you’ve seen the movie? A22∣ in 2006 and called “A Night at the Museum” with Ben Stiller starring. It’s a kicking comedy about a night guard who ∣A23∣An ancient curse that makes the animals on display come to life every night and trash the place. ___

I am not sure if the night Laura and I spent at the museum was ∣A24∣By the film, but it was way cool. Fact, fact, fact! AMNH is one of the largest Museums in the world. There are 25 buildings and 46 ∣A25∣Exhibition halls set in fab grounds near Central Park, New York. There is a famous library, research labs and a totally awesome 32 million specimens. The night costs $129 per person. Grandma paid for us as early birthday presents.

It began at 5.45pm and ∣A26∣All the way to 9.00am on the 7th. It was real creepy as the doors swung closed and locked and the lights dimmed away. We switched on torches — and so our first mission began: Looking for fossil facts. I can ∣A27∣Describe to you walking through those dark halls, our torches cutting beams through the inky black. There was a way scary moment when a huge buffalo head lit up and made me jump like a wuss.

After some bites and coolin’ we settled down to sleep — directly ‘neath a 94 foot blue whale and next to a mighty fine Brown Bear. Luckily no animals came to ∣A28∣And we slept like babies. Wicked!

A22	1) Made	2) Done	3) Issued	4) Screened
A23	1)learns	2) opens	3) discovers	4) investigates
A24	1) aroused	2) encouraged	3) pushed	4) inspired
A25	1) constant	2) permanent	3) stable	4) steady
A26	1) ended	2) lasted	3) went	4) carried

A27	1) hardly	2) obviously	3) fairly	4) apparently
A28	1) alive	2) reality	3) real	4) life

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 10

Blue Whale Watching

For years I have had the same dream about a blue whale. I see the sea darken as the gigantic mammal comes to the surface. Then I see the monster ∣A22∣At me through the clear green water.

But finally I am about to see my dream come true. Several months of planning had brought me to the warm waters off the southern tip of Sri Lanka. Less than an hour after leaving the harbour we A23∣At the location whales had been seen the day before.

Blue Whales are the largest creatures that have ever lived. Compared to the big“Blue” — elephants, hippos and the biggest great white sharks are tiny. My fellOw tOurists ∣A24∣The deck — all of us breathless with anticipation. Each of us A25 first to see the darkening of the sea.

I heard a shout behind me and suddenly the boat engines roared noisily as the my life’s ∣A28∣, to the realization of beautiful sight I have ever seen.

A22 I	1) watch	2) stare	3) see	4) observe

A23∣	1) arrived	2) reached	3) entered	4) achieved

A24 I	1) among	2) between	3) besides	4) along

A25 I	1) persuaded	2) convinced	3) determined	4) assured

A26∣	1) directed	2) set	3) pulled	4) parked

A27 I	1) after	2) to	3) forward	4) off

A28∣	1) trip	2)journey	3) travel	4) destination

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 11

The Best Breakfast in the World?

The “Greasy Spoon” cafe on Arundel Road offers the best full English breakfast on the planet. Of course people ∣A22∣ about what “full English” should consist of but I think there is a small clue in the word “full”. This is a breakfast that knows no modesty. This is not a breakfast for those on a diet. It is the breakfast of Kings; it should be enjoyed ∣A23∣ leisure and last for the day.

That the “full English” (FE) contains both bacon and eggs is A24_____________ dispute. After this

There are different schools of thought. Sausage, mushrooms, beans, black pudding, fried tomatoes and toast are often ∣A25[ in different line ups and combinations competing for the best, all time classic FE. These are ∣A26∣ in different portions and styles and a decent breakfast is the almost guaranteed outcome. But an FE on Arundel Road beats all contenders for the best FE in the world because it includes ALL of these ingredients in ∣A27∣Quantities! They also serve hot toast on traditional toast racks with real butter. But best of all, each customer is served their own pot of traditional English tea (with tea cosy) which may be drunk with milk or cream. And all of this is offered for just J5 per person — and with a newspaper included! The Greasy Spoon is popular with working people and students alike. It opens early during the week for the lorry drivers and on Sunday mornings ∣A28∣ families come in and spend half the day there.

I A22 I	1) discuss	2) debate	3) quarrel	4) argue

I A23 I	1) for	2) at	3) on	4) in

I A24 I	1) beyond	2) behind	3) besides	4) below
		J
I A25 I	1) contained	2) included	3) held	4) enclosed

I A26∣	1) suggested	2) advised	3) offered	4) intended

∣A27∣	1) generous	2) rich	3) luxurious	4) multiple

I A28∣	1) full	2) complete	3) total	4) whole

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 12

A night at the Museum

Anna and Ira are best friends. They are both Russian but ∣A22⅛ the Southbank International School as their parents both work in London. They are fifteen now and are studying hard for their International Baccalaureate.

Every Saturday they love to visit museums and galleries in London and so now they have visited A23∣All of them. But, above all, their absolute favourite is The Natural History Museum in South Kensington.

They filled in an online A24∣Form and became “members”. This means they get free magazines called “Evolve” and “Second Nature”, get fast track entry to special exhibitions and they get invited to previews, workshops, talks and special A25____________________________________________________ . They even get to use the

Special member’s room where there are free refreshments, magazines and internet access. It ∣A26∣Them J56 For the year but they felt it was really good value for money.

Last weekend they took part in “Dino snores” — an event A27∣By the film “A Night at the Museum”. They were given a talk about bugs by TV nature presenter Nick Baker, explored the Dinosaur gallery in the dark on a torch-lit tour, watched films and played games, and then slept in sleeping bags under the shadow of the huge Diplodocus in the Museum’s iconic Central Hall. It was a night they’ll never forget. Although Ira and Anna are both interested in Dinosaurs — they are more interested in present day wildlife and most interested of all in ≡— Russian wildlife. When they go back to Moscow both want to study and eventually

Become wildlife research scientists.

A22	1) attend	2) visit	3) go	4) enroll
A23	1) about	2) almost	3) already	4) approximately
A24	1) application	2) admission	3) entrance	4) request

A25	1) dealings	2) actions	3) procedures	4) events

A26	1) cost	2) charged	3) priced	4) spent
A27	1) inspired	2) motivated	3) stimulated	4) encouraged

A28	1) struggling	2) preserving	3) securing	4) supporting

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 13

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Day schools VS Boarding schools

The majority of modern public schools in the UK and state schools in the USA — schools that offer free education— are со-educational day schools. Children that attend these schools remain in family settings with family support and nurture that helps to reduce the stress of ∣A22∣Any school for a child. They are able to retain contacts with friends and neighbours.

Being less expensive, these schools offer a wider ∣A23∣Of courses and activities. On the other hand, these schools have larger classes and lower academic standards as compared to more selective schools.

Pupils there have a greater ∣A24∣ of encountering bad social trends: drug culture, gangs, anti-intellectualism. Of course, much depends on the regional location and the administrative policy of each school.

Boarding or recreational schools have smaller classes with more individualized iNstruCtion; can often (though not always) boast higher academic standards that are focused ∣A25 making students more independent thinkers; encourage them to make many decisions on their own. Graduates of such schools may have an advantage when applying at more popular universities.

Students of such schools ∣A26∣Lifetime friendships and the so-called ‘old school tie’ — the system of after school, lifelong support and lobbying former schoolmates — can be truly applied in this case.

But there is the ∣A27[ Side of the medal: missed opportunities for parents to educate their children on values; disruption of family: homesick kids, parents missing their children; narrower and less-diverse ∣A28∣Contacts; expensive tuition.

A22	1) entering	2) starting	3) going	4) getting
A23	1) group	2) collection	3) mixture	4) selection

A24	1) ability	2) opportunity	3) chance	4) prospect

A25	1) on	2) at	3) for	4) to

A26	1) assemble	2) build	3) construct	4) design

A27	1) another	2) other	3) different	4) optional

A28	1) social	2) sociable	3) society	4) civil

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 14

Times are Changing

I grew up in tiny village in East Anglia — population 210 people. Everybody knew each other and seemed to know everyone else’s business. What strikes me now — looking back ∣A22∣ 40 years ago — is that the village contained several social groups and there were clear distinctions and unspoken (and certainly unwritten) rules of engagement.

We had two ∣A23∣Class families living in the village: The Brandings, who lived in the manor house, and the very honourable Archer family. The Brandings were well ∣A24∣But certainly not rich. They were extremely posh and so were the Archers who — on the contrary — were fabulously wealthy. But socially — the Brandings and Archers were ∣A25∣. They could socialise with the vicar and my family (because my Dad was an RAF Officer) but their contact with the other villagers was ∣A26∣To friendly but polite greetings. Then we had 8 or 10 middle class families; teachers, a scientist, a factory director and so on. In so small a village we knew each other well and socialised a lot.

The ∣A27∣ comprised of the true working class. They worked in shops, or on the farms. We had also had quite a few elderly couples who in their young days had been “in service”. We didn’t socialise but relations were friendly and we greeted on first name terms.

It’s all changed now of course. Our village is a small town — far too large to be anything like the community of my youth. I may be wrong, but it seems like society has contracted into featureless ∣A28∣And that nowadays people often don’t even know their neighbours’ names.

A22 I	1) above	2) over	3) beyond	4) behind
A23∣	1) upper	2) aristocratic	3) high	4) noble

A24∣	1) allied	2) associated	3) linked	4) connected

A25 I	1) commoners	2) equivalents	3) equals	4) parallels

A26∣	1) restricted	2) framed	3) enclosed	4) narrowed

A27∣	1) remnants	2) reminders	3) remain	4) remainder

A28∣	1) likelihood	2) sameness	3) neutrality	4) equality

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 15

Education in the UK: Modern schools

The 1976 Education Act abolished the Tripartite System in favour of a system of free Comprehensive Schools that were ∣A22∣ to provide Grammar School education for all. In the UK today, schools reflect elements of both the Tripartite and the Comprehensive models.

The UK system of state schools is complex and ∣A23∣ the following types: Primary Schools (ages 4-11), Secondary Schools (ages 11-16), Sixth Form Colleges (non-compulsory, ages 16-18), Special Schools for children with physical, emotional and behavioral learning needs, City Technology Colleges (CTCs) and City Colleges for the Technology of the Arts (CCTAs) (ages 11-18). These schools provide a broad secondary education with special emphasis on science and technology and offer a ≡— _ range of vocational qualifications.

Grammar Schools remain and continue to select almost all of their pupils ∣A25∣ reference to high academic ability. Independent Schools are private schools that obtain most of their finances from ∣A26 paid by parents and income from investments. Some of them are

Selective but many are not. Some of the larger independent schools are ∣A27∣ as Public Schools. Most Independent Schools are Church Schools.

Most state schools (primary and secondary) are со-educational day schools, but some secondary schools accept boarders. Independent Schools include day and boarding schools and are mostly single-sex, although an increasing number of junior and some senior schools are coeducational. There has been a sharp increase in the number of children ∣A28∣Independent Schools, owing to the increasing dissatisfaction with academic standards at State Comprehensive Schools.

I A22 I	1) intended	2) aimed	3) offered	4) proposed

I A23 I	1) fits	2) includes	3) engages	4) composes

I A24 I	1) high	2) intensive	3) extensive	4) wide

I A25 I	1) by	2) at	3) for	4) about

I A26 I	1) costs	2) bills	3) fees	4) taxes

I A27∣	1) famous	2) known	3) notorious	4) familiar

I A28∣	1) accepting	2) entering	3) going	4) attending

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 16

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Mining in Australia

Australia is the “mainland” of the world’s smallest continent. It is mostly very flat and much of it is inhospitable desert. ∣A22∣Of the population lives in the South East and South West where there is a ∣A23∣Climate. But the weather played only a relatively minor part in establishing population centres. Many argue that the real story was about mining.

The early colonies in South Australia had a terrible struggle economically. But after significant silver, lead and copper ∣A24j were discovered in Southern Australia, the local

Populations began to grow. In 1841 silver and lead were discovered at Glen Osmond — now a suburb of Adelaide: Then came the discovery of copper at Kapunda in 1845.

But the big story was gold! The first “strike” was at Ophir, New South Wales in 1851. ∣A25∣Weeks more gold was found in the colony of Victoria. The Australian gold rushes had a major impact ∣A26∣, Victoria and Australia as a whole. They coloured every aspect of Australian society and elements of it are still clearly visible today. Victoria became the richest colony and Melbourne Australia’s largest city.

The population of Australia changed dramatically ∣A27∣Of the discovery of gold. In 1851 the population was just 437,655. 10 years later it was 1,151,947. The rapid growth came from “new chums” — recent immigrants from the UK and British Commonwealth. As a lot of Australians will be quick to tell you, much of the new wealth was “stolen” back to England. But enough wealth remained to fund substantial development in industry and infrastructure and to ∣A28∣The foundations for building modern Australia.

A22 I	1) Most	2) Many	3) Mainly	4) Main

I A23 I	1) temperature	2) temperate	3) tempered	4) temporal

L⅛24J	1) riches	2) stores	3) deposits	4) treasures

A25 I	1) Throughout	2) During	3) While	4) Within

[A2βJ	1) at	2) on	3) for	4) in

I A27∣	1) because	2) due	3) as	4)thanks

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 17

The storybook wolf

Josii Luis Rodriguez of Spain is the overall winner of The Wildlife Photographer of the — a wolf jumping over a gate! He visualized his photo many years ago, when Iberian wolves first returned to Bvila in the Castilla у Leyn region of northern Spain, and cattle

Ranchers ∣A23∣ war on them. His idea was a picture that would symbolize the ancient conflict ∣A24∣ humans and wolves, while showing the beauty and strength of this fabled

Animal. But it took a long time to find the ideal ∣A25∣, let alone a wolf that would jump a gate. His chance came when he found a landowner who was happy to have both the wolves and Josfi Luis on his property, and also had the ideal setting: a copse and an ancient, disused cattle corral.

Josfi Luis started by placing meat in the corral. Once he knew a male wolf was visiting regularly, jumping the gate, he began to introduce the bits of equipment needed to up a camera trap. At first, the wolf didn’t like the flash triggered by the trip beam, but after a few weeks he ∣A27 no notice of the light or the clicks of the hidden digital camera. Now that the wolf was happy and the camera ∣A28∣ was right, it was time to take the final picture with a medium-format camera. When the first transparencies arrived back from the lab, Josfi Luis was overjoyed to find he finally had the picture he had dreamt of.

A22	1) tournament	2) competition	3) test	4) race

A23	1) pronounced	2) revealed	3) broadcasted	4) declared

A24	1) between	2) among	3) within	4) amongst

A2δ	1) situation	2) sight	3) location	4) destination
A26	1) put	2) place	3) set	4) build

A27	1)took	2) received	3) gave	4) paid
A28	1) posture	2) positioning	3) posing	4) pose

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 18

Christmas

As a small child I loved almost everything about Christmas. The excitement of Christmas Eve was almost unbearable. We’d go from house to house singing Christmas carols and be given hot mince pies and other ∣A22∣.

Before bed our parents would read us stories and eventualLy puT us to bed with warnings that Santa Claus would not come if we stayed awake. Before ∣A23∣Into bed we would leave out a mince pie for Santa and something for his reindeers as a “thank you”: For me Santa was the great hero and I never ∣A24∣That he would come down our chimney to deliver my presents.

I loved, as I mentioned before, “almost everything”. Immediately after ChristMas I was told by my parents that I had to write “thank you letters”. As a six your old, writing ∣A25∣One letter was a task, but several made a mountain — pressing down on my small world. “Why” I argued to my Mum “should I write to grandparents, aunts and uncles? Santa brought me all my presents”. ___

And my mother would lie to her son. ∣A26Lies of how Santa helped Granddad choose my toy car and with the help of elves and reindeer delivered it for Granddad — but that still I should thank Granddad for the small part he played in it. The following year her lies were even more devious as she tried to ∣A27∣Me convinced. As I eventually solved this annual mystery, I of course lost all A28∣For not writing the “Thank you letters” as the realisation dawned that Granddad had managed everything by himself.

I A22 I	1) surprises	2) treats	3) presents	4) souvenirs

I A23 I	1) getting	2) going	3) putting	4) lying

I A24 I	1) hesitated	2) suspected	3) mistrusted	4) doubted

I A25∣	1) only	2) yet	3) even	4) still

I A26 I	1) Vague	2) Elaborate	3) Complete	4) Formless

•	A27 I	1) hold	2) stay	3) keep	4) remain

	A28∣	1) reasons	2) defenses	3) motives	4) excuses

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 19

The Magnificent Six

This is a real life story. When I was about eight, I [A22∣An organization called the “Cub Scouts”. We met once a week and learned basic first aid and were trained ∣A23∣ various techniques related to camping and the outdoor life. For each skill learned, there would be a test — which if passed would result in earning a badge. These badges were cArefulLy sewn on our uniforms; green caps with yellow piping, green shirts with a type of scarf ∣A24j a

Neckerchief and short trousers. Our leader was called Akela — after the wolf pack____________ leader in

Rudyard Kipling’s “The Jungle Book” and we were formed in units of six boys — called a “Six” and led by a “Sixer”.

I can ∣A25∣ remember our Six. We were nicknamed “the dwarves” after the fairy tale “Snow White and the Seven Dwarves”. This was nothing to do with our height (and we were of course six rather than seven) but rather it was to do with our ∣A26∣. We were “Sneezy” (real name Richard), “Bashful” (OLiver), “Grumpy” (Jim), “Doc” (Henry), “Sleepy” (Rupert) and I was “Happy”. Only “Dopey” was ∣A27∣From the original seven! And really that was what we were like. Richard always seemed to have a cold, Oliver was shy, Jim always in a bad mood and so forth. But we all, without fail, had enormous fun — especially on our annual camping ∣A28∣ to the Lake District. Every day was filled with adventure and discovery and the reality was — we werd all truly happy.

I A22∣	1) entered	2) enrolled	3)joined	4) registered

I A23∣	1) in	2) on	3) at	4) for

I A24 I	1) pronounced	2) named	3) entitled	4) called

I A25 I	1) always	2) forever	3) ever	4) still

I A26∣	1) characters	2) features	3) dispositions	4) persons

I A27 I	1) away	2) missing	3) gone	4) absent

I A28∣	1) excursion	2) trip	3) travel	4)journey

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 20

David Bowie

British Singer David Bowie was always famous for changing his appearance and his musical styles throughout his career. At the beginning, in the late 1960’s — he was compared ∣A22∣ fifties singers like Tommy Steele and Anthony Newley. Then he grew his hair and became “Major Tom” — a weird, futuristic space traveller — for his number one album called “Space Oddity”: His appearance made more remarkable for having one eye blue and one brown (the result of a childhood A23∣).

As the years passed he continued to change his appearance — often with fabulous and dramatic costumes that A24∣Each new stage character. After the “space phase” he created the character “Ziggy Stardust”. At this stage Bowie was the most important artist in the early 70’s glam rock era: His costumes sparkling in silvers, reds and golds and his bright orange hair feathered out like a flaming ∣A25∣. Then he became “Aladdin Sane” with a bizarre lightening flash motif painted on his face. Soon after this his hair was again short but wavy, he wore ∣A26Size suits and became an “American” soul singer before transforming again into

Yet another character — a central European “Thin White Duke”.

Probably of all British pop stars — he has become the one most A27[ with change and transformation. Even now after 40 years in the business, he continues to ∣A28∣Strange and original music for his countless fans worldwide. Some believe his 1972 hit song “Changes” predicted all this. It is a song about change and time and the inevitable conflict between one generation and the next.

A22	1) to	2) for	3) on	4) at
A23	1) incident	2) event	3) thing	4) accident

A24	1) described	2) named	3) defined	4) recognized

A25	1) lamp	2) torch	3)lantern	4) light

A26	1) above	2) over	3) extreme	4) upper
A27	1) related	2) fixed	3) combined	4) associated

A28	1) shape	2) form	3) make	4) do

Ключи

Первое задание (В4-В10).

Образование грамматических форм

	Тренировочное задание № 1	Тренировочное задание № 2	Тренировочное задание № 3
В4	Stood	Islocated	Took
В5	Sheep	Larger	Eldest / oldest
BG	Strongest	Cooking	Mostimpressiυe
В7	Was swimming	Doesn’t/does not need	Standing
В8	Those	Cutting	Found
В9	Hasrealized	Nearer	Women
BlO	One	Best	Impersonating

	Тренировочное задание № 4	Тренировочное задание № 5	Тренировочное задание № 6
B4	Broke	Others	Took
B5	Wasmurdered	Begins	Hadto
B6	Their	Walking	Waswearing
B7	Wasrecording	Me	Her
B8	Wereplayed	Biggest	Started
B9	Lasting	Closer	Advertising
BlO	Bigger	Trapped	Was

	Тренировочное задание № 7	Тренировочное задание № 8	Тренировочное задание № 9
B4	Hasbeeneducating	Its	Societies
B5	Our	Arelooking	Worse
B6	Receives	Ar elocated	Fastest
B7	Toknow	Including	My
B8	Willhave∕have	Offers	Won, tget/Willnotget

	Тренировочное задание № 7	Тренировочное задание № 8	Тренировочное задание № 9
B9	Tnorecheerful	Оиг	Hascoτne/сате
BlO	Arenot/aren’ Hncluded	Getting	Has joined

	Тренировочное задание № 10	Тренировочное задание № 11	Тренировочное задание № 12
B4	Diaries	First	Beexperienced
B5	Most	Wasacknowledged	Windest
B6	Believed	Fell	Less
B7	Their	Bears	Discussing
B8	Biggest	Sailed	Willbe
B9	Falls	His	Knows
BlO	Arepresented	Didn’t Zdidnotrealized	Appearing

	Тренировочное задание № 13	Тренировочное задание № 14	Тренировочное задание № 15
B4	Friend’s	Including	Involves
B5	Was covered	Hascontinued	These
B6	Fell	Isknown	Arelearning
B7	Used	Wereworn	Me
B8	Caught	Women	Eating
B9	Us	Enemies	Wasorganised
BlO	WascryingZhadbeencrying	Greater	Is

	Тренировочное задание № 16	Тренировочное задание № 17	Тренировочное задание № 18
B4	Mostfamous	Made	Working
B5	Our	Him	Their
B6	Stepped	First	Their
B7	Heroes	Wastrying	Divided
B8	Beheld	Hadseen	Hasdeveloped
B9	Doesn’t / doesnotdeserve	Ran	Followed
BlO	Voting	Mostfamous	Greater

	Тренировочное задание № 19	Тренировочное задание № 20
B4	Wascalled	Living
B5	Leading	Iscalled
B6	Fittest	Hidden
B7	Lives	Nightclubs
B8	Better	Togo
B9	Became	Couldnot/couldn’t
BlO	Third	Hasn’t/hasnottroubled

Второе задание (В11-В16).
Словообразование

	Тренировочное задание № 1	Тренировочное задание № 2	Тренировочное задание № 3
Bll	Unpopular	Environmental	Fruitless
В12	Commercial	Preservation	Adventurous
В13	Mainly	Development	Significant
В14	Addition	Responsible	Generally
В15	Anxious	Politicians	Managerial
В16	Reality	Economic	Reality

	Тренировочное задание № 4	Тренировочное задание № 5	Тренировочное задание № 6
Bll	Unpopular	Environmental	Tricky
B12	Commercial	Imagination	Impossible
B13	Daily	Responsible	Unpredictable
B14	Addition	Establishment	Resourceful
B15	Anxious	Visitors	Expensive
B16	Difference	Lives	Disagree

	Тренировочное задание № 7	Тренировочное задание № 8	Тренировочное задание № 9
Bll	Necessarily	Educators	Feelings
B12	Activity	Independently	Hardship
B13	Highly	Inappropriate	Formation
B14	Routinely	Necessity	Unattractive
B15	Independence	Membership	Personality
B16	Academic	Easily	Impression

	Тренировочное задание № 10	Тренировочное задание № 11	Тренировочное задание № 12
Bll	French	Artist	Believable
B12	Psychological	Notable	Connection
B13	Discouraged	Smoky	Indicators
B14	Ambitious	Violent	Remarkably
B15	European	Sadly	Investigations
B16	Tension	Surroundings	Distinctive

	Тренировочное задание № 13	Тренировочное задание № 14	Тренировочное задание № 15
Bll	Greatness	Originally	Scientist
B12	Adventurous	Honestly	Achievements
B13	Important	Visitors	Scientific
B14	Generally	Certainly	Additional
B15	Industrial	Occasionally	Equipment
B16	Reality	Disagree	Subscriptions / subscription

	Тренировочное задание № 16	Тренировочное задание № 17	Тренировочное задание № 18
Bll	Impossible	Certainly	Dramatically
B12	Indistinguishable	Invisible	Additional
B13	Buildings	Kingdom	Dangerous
B14	Realistically	Wonderful	Passionate
B15	Cultural	Expensive	Government
B16	Impressive	Disagree	Helpful

	Тренировочное задание № 19	Тренировочное задание № 20
Bll	Residential	Physicist
B12	Permission	Achievements
B13	Responsibility	Unreasonable
B14	Accountability	Enthusiastic
B15	Healthy	Indignation
B16	Relaxation / relaxing	National

Третье (A22-A28).
Лексическое задание на множественный выбор

	А22	А23	А24	А25	А26	А27	А28
Тренировочное задание № 1	1	3	4	2	4	1	3
Тренировочное задание № 2	4	3	2	3	1	2	1
Тренировочное задание № 3	2	3	4	3	1	3	4
Тренировочное задание № 4	4	1	4	2	3	1	3
Тренировочное задание № 5	2	4	1	2	3	1	4
Тренировочное задание № 6	1	1	4	2	3	2	3
Тренировочное задание № 7	4	4	3	1	3	2	2
Тренировочное задание № 8	1	4	2	4	3	1	2
Тренировочное задание № 9	1	3	4	2	2	1	4
Тренировочное задание № 10	2	1	4	3	1	4	2

	А22	А23	А24	А25	А26	А27	А28
Тренировочное задание № 11	4	2	1	2	3	1	4
Тренировочное задание № 12	1	2	1	4	1	1	2
Тренировочное задание № 13	2	4	3	1	2	2	1
Тренировочное задание № 14	K 2	1	4	3	1	4	2
Тренировочное задание № 15	1	2	4	1	3	2	4
Тренировочное задание № 16	1	2	3	4	2	1	3
Тренировочное задание № 17	2	4	1	3	3	1	2
Тренировочное задание № 18	2	1	4	3	2	3	4
Тренировочное задание № 19	3	1	4	4	1	2	2
Тренировочное задание № 20	1	4	3	2	2	4	3

Справочное издание

Соловова Елена Николаевна
John Parsons

ЕГЭ
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

[1] Общеевропейские компетенции владения языком: Изучение, преподавание, оценка. МГЛУ, 2003.

[2] Поскольку весь возможный спектр уровней владения иностранным языком представлен в документе Совета Европы лишь шестью уровнями, очевидно, что внутри каждого из них можно выделять определенные подуровни. Обозначение базового уровня ЕГЭ как А2+ означает, что из описания уровня А2 для подготовки заданий базового уровня разработчики ориентируются на дескрипторы, лежащие ближе к уровню Bl, а не к Al.

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