Artificial intelligence егэ

Задание №7470.
Чтение. ЕГЭ по английскому

Установите соответствие между заголовками 1 — 8 и текстами A — G. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. Supercomputer
2. Human intelligence test
3. Man against computer
4. Robotic industry
5. Intelligent machines in our life
6. Computer intelligence test
7. Computers change human brains
8. Electronic film stars

A. Artificial intelligence is the art of making machines that are able to ‘think’. We often don’t notice it, but artificial intelligence is all around us. It is present in computer games, in the cruise control in our cars and the servers that direct our e-mail. Some scientists believe that the most powerful computers could have the power of the human brain. Machines have always been excellent at tasks like calculation. But now they are better than humans in many spheres, from chess to mixing music.

B. The world’s most powerful computer is ASCI Purple, made by IBM in 2004. It can carry out 100 trillion operations per second and has the size of two basketball courts. A computer with double power is expected in the next two years. A spokesman for IBM said that ASCI Purple is near the power of the human brain. But some scientists believe our brains can carry out almost 10,000 trillion operations per second.

C. The possible dangers of intelligent machines became the stories of many science fiction films. In The Terminator (1984), a computer network uses nuclear weapons against the human race in order to rule the world. This network then makes intelligent robots called ‘Terminators’ which it programs to kill all the humans. In The Matrix (1999) and The Matrix Reloaded (2003), a machine dominates humanity, using people as batteries to power itself.

D. In 1997, the then world chess champion Garry Kasparov played against IBM’s Deep Blue supercomputer — and lost. After six games, the world-famous Kasparov lost 2.5 to 3.5 to the computer. In February 2003, Kasparov restored human reputation by finishing equal against the Israeli-built supercomputer Deep Junior. Kasparov ended the game with the score 2-2 against US company X3D Technologies’ supercomputer X3D Fritz in November 2003, proving that the human brain can keep up with the latest developments in computing (at least in chess).

E. There are a number of different methods which try to measure intelligence, the most famous of which is perhaps the IQ, or ‘Intelligence Quotient’ test. This test was first used in early 20th century Paris. The modern day IQ test measures a variety of different types of ability such as memory for words and figures and others. Whether IQ tests actually test general intelligence is disputable. Some argue that they just show how good the individual is at IQ tests!

F. Analysis shows that human intelligence is changing. We are gaining abilities in some areas of intelligence, while losing them in others, such as memory. So this generation may not remember the great number of poems, their abilities are greater in other areas. It has been discovered that wide use of video games improves reaction time. But we could only dream of computing without calculators as fast as our grandparents did.

G. In 1950, mathematician Alan Turing invented a test to check machine intelligence. In the Turing Test, two people (A and B) sit in a closed room, a third person (C), who asks questions, sits outside. Person A tries to answer the questions so that person C doesn’t guess who they are: men or women, while person В tries to help him (C) in their identification. Turing suggested a machine take the place of person A. If the machine fooled the human, it was likely to be intelligent.

A	B	C	D	E	F	G

Решение:
Заголовок 5 (Intelligent machines in our life. — Интеллектуальные машины в нашей жизни) соответствует содержанию текста A: «Artificial intelligence is the art of making machines that are able to ‘think’…»

Заголовок 1 (Supercomputer. — Суперкомпьютер) соответствует содержанию текста B: «The world’s most powerful computer is ASCI Purple…»

Заголовок 8 (Electronic film stars. — Звезды электронного кино) соответствует содержанию текста C: «In The Terminator (1984), a computer network uses nuclear weapons…»

Заголовок 3 (Man against computer. — Человек против компьютера) соответствует содержанию текста D: «… Garry Kasparov played against IBM’s Deep Blue supercomputer…»

Заголовок 2 (Human intelligence test. — Тест человеческого интеллекта) соответствует содержанию текста E: «… to measure intelligence, the most famous of which is perhaps the IQ…»

Заголовок 7 (Computers change human brains. — Компьютеры меняют человеческий мозг) соответствует содержанию текста F: «We are gaining abilities in some areas of intelligence, while losing them in others…»

Заголовок 6 (Computer intelligence test. — Тест компьютерного интеллекта) соответствует содержанию текста G: «… invented a test to check machine intelligence.»

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Источник: ЕГЭ-2013. Английский язык: 25 вариантов под ред. М.В. Вербицкой

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Тест с похожими заданиями

D. More complicated than a robot

When it comes to artificial intelligence many people reproduce common stereotypes from popular culture and think about human-like robots that can walk, talk and make decisions just like us. But the truth is that AI is much more than this image. In fact, it is capable of things that most of us find hard to imagine.

B. Where you can find AI

First of all, artificial intelligence is used in multiple spheres of life. For instance, in medicine, it helps to identify numerous illnesses that are difficult to detect. Moreover, AI now can make weather forecasts, take part in a conversation, drive a car, or find your face in the photo and estimate your age, emotion, and many other features.

C. How to teach a machine

How does AI perform all these tasks? Its systems usually include algorithmic techniques that have some similarities with the human brain patterns. As a consequence, these neural networks can learn to recognize patterns, translate languages, do simple logical reasoning, create images and even come up with creative ideas.

F. The work processes

Deep learning is a type of machine learning that organises parts of these networks into a specific structure that consist of several levels. For example, a computer can’t easily recognise an object in a photo. For a computer, it’s just a set of coded pixels. Thus, artificial intelligence will detect the pixels on the first level, recognise simple shapes (a circle, a square, etc.) on the second one, and make deductions about the object in the picture on the next one. There’s no difference between what you want to detect — a dog, an airplane, or a smiling person — the process will be the same.

A. The future of AI

To sum it up, not many people would argue that AI algorithms have been changing our everyday lives a lot. What is more, these algorithms are constantly developing and becoming better, cleverer, more flexible. This way, one day they might become so conscious and capable of reasoning that they’ll be light years
ahead of a human brain. And nobody knows what the future will look like after that.

E. Scientists against AI — заголовок не используется

Writing a Comment — 1

Comment on the following extract.

Can Artificial Intelligence Replace the Real Human Intelligence?

They say   Artificial Intelligence (AI) will soon replace many blue collar and white collar jobs.  Artificial Intelligence   is exhibiting a slow but continuous influence on the value and availability of work  — in the form of wages and the number of adult workers with full-time jobs. The widespread disappearance of jobs would result in a social transformation unlike anything we’ve ever  imagined. We observe entirely a new phase in history, one characterized by a steady and inevitable decline of jobs. The newest industries  mostly related to computer software, and telecommunications and similar industries, are the most labor efficient and don’t require many people. If  we  run out of jobs, what will our society look like without universal work?

The next-generation manager will view intelligent machines as colleagues. The reason is that there will be need for high social intelligence to collaborate effectively in teams and networks to use digital technologies to tap into the knowledge and judgment of partners, customers, external stakeholders and role models in other industries. When technology enables many people to have more information about themselves and others, it’ll be  easier to take a clear and more mature view of the workplace. Self-assessment tools, particularly those that enable people to diagnose what they do and how they do it, can help employees pinpoint their own productivity issues. They have less need for the watchful eyes of a manager. One could easily imagine that the “the end of management” is in sight.

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Часть 1. Чтение

I. Установите соответствие между заголовками A – Н и текстами 1 – 7. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

A. Supercomputer

B. Human intelligence test

C. Man against computer

D. Robotic industry

E. Intelligent machines in our life

F. Computer intelligence test

G. Computers change human brains

H. Electronic film stars

1. Artificial intelligence is the art of making machines that are able to ‘think’. We often don’t notice it, but artificial intelligence is all around us. It is present in computer games, in the cruise control in our cars and the servers that direct our e-mail. Some scientists believe that the most powerful computers could have the power of the human brain. Machines have always been excellent at tasks like calculation. But now they are better than humans in many spheres, from chess to mixing music.

2. The world’s most powerful computer is ASCI Purple, made by IBM in 2004. It can carry out 100 trillion operations per second and has the size of two basketball courts. A computer with double power is expected in the next two years. A spokesman for IBM said that ASCI Purple is near the power of the human brain. But some scientists believe our brains can carry out almost 10,000 trillion operations per second.

3. The possible dangers of intelligent machines became the stories of many science fiction films. In The Terminator (1984), a computer network uses nuclear weapons against the human race in order to rule the world. This network then makes intelligent robots called ‘Terminators’ which it programs to kill all the humans. In The Matrix (1999) and The Matrix Reloaded (2003), a machine dominates humanity, using people as batteries to power itself.

4. In 1997, then the world chess champion Garry Kasparov played against IBM’s Deep Blue supercomputer – and lost. After six games, the world-famous Kasparov lost 2.5 to 3.5 to the computer. In February 2003, Kasparov restored human reputation by finishing equal against the Israeli-built supercomputer Deep Junior. Kasparov ended the game with the score 2-2 against US company X3D Technologies’ supercomputer X3D Fritz in November 2003, proving that the human brain can keep up with the latest developments in computing (at least in chess).

5. There are a number of different methods which try to measure intelligence, the most famous of which is perhaps the IQ, or ‘Intelligence Quotient’ test. This test was first used in early 20th century Paris. The modern day IQ test measures a variety of different types of ability such as memory for words and figures and others. Whether IQ tests actually test general intelligence is disputable. Some argue that they just show how good the individual is at IQ tests!

6. Analysis shows that human intelligence is changing. We are gaining abilities in some areas of intelligence, while losing them in others, such as memory. So this generation may not remember the great number of poems, their abilities are greater in other areas. It has been discovered that wide use of video games improves reaction time. But we could only dream of computing without calculators as fast as our grandparents did.

7. In 1950, mathematician Alan Turing invented a test to check machine intelligence. In the Turing Test, two people (A and B) sit in a closed room, a third person (C), who asks questions, sits outside. Person A tries to answer the questions so that person C doesn’t guess who they are: men or women, while person B tries to help him (C) in their identification. Turing suggested a machine take the place of person A. If the machine fooled the human, it was likely to be intelligent.

II. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1 – 6 частями предложений, обозначенными буквами A – G. Одна из частей в списке А – G лишняя. Занесите букву, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

Walking is not enough to keep fit

Walking may not be enough on its own to produce significant health benefits, research suggests. A team from Canada’s University of Alberta compared a 10,000-step exercise programme with a more traditional fitness regime of moderate intensity. Researchers found improvements 1_______________________ were significantly higher in the second group. They told an American College of Sports Medicine meeting that gentle exercise was 2 _______________________. In total 128 people took 3 _______________________. The researchers assessed influence on fitness by measuring blood pressure and lung capacity. They found out the 10,000-step programme did help to get people motivated – and was an excellent way to start 4 _______________________. But to increase the effectiveness, some intensity must be added to their exercise. “Across your day, while you are achieving those 10,000 steps, take 200 to 400 of them at a faster pace. You’ve got to do more than light exercise and include regular moderate activity, and don’t be shy to have an occasional period of time at an energetic level.” The researchers were concerned there was too much focus 5 _______________________, rather than on its intensity.

Professor Stuart Biddle, an expert in exercise science at the University of Loughborough, said it was possible that the current guidelines on how much exercise to take were set too low. “However, you have got to find 6 _______________________. The harder you make it, the fewer people will actually do it.” Professor Biddle said there was no doubt that energetic exercise was the way to get fit, but volume rather than intensity might be more useful in tackling issues such as obesity.

A. part in the project

B. taking exercise

C. gave marked health benefits

D. in fitness levels

E. on simply getting people to take exercise

F. not enough to get fit

G. a compromise between physiology and psychology

III. Прочитайте журнальную статью о книге и выполните задания 1 – 5, выбирая букву A, B, C или D. Установите соответствие номера задания выбранному вами варианту ответа. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

«A good book for children should simply be a good book in its own right.» These are the words of Mollie Hunter, a well-known author of books for youngsters. Born and bred near Edinburgh, Mollie has devoted her talents to writing primarily for young people. She firmly believes that there is always and should always be a wider audience for any good book whatever its main market. In Mollie’s opinion it is essential to make full use of language and she enjoys telling a story, which is what every writer should be doing: »If you aren’t telling a story, you’re a very dead writer indeed,» she says.

When Mollie was a child her home was still a village with buttercup meadows and strawberry fields – sadly now covered with modern houses. «I was once taken back to see it and I felt that somebody had lain dirty hands all over my childhood. I’ll never go back,» she said. «Never.» »When I set one of my books in Scotland,» she said, «I can recapture my romantic feelings as a child playing in those fields, or watching the village blacksmith at work. And that’s important, because children now know so much so early that romance can’t exist for them, as it did for us.»

To this day, Mollie has a lively affection for children, which is reflected in the love she has for her writing. «When we have visitors with children the adults always say, «If you go to visit Mollie, she’ll spend more time with the children.» Molly believes that parents don’t realize that children are much more interesting company and always have something new and unexpected to say.

1. In Mollie’s opinion a good book should

А) be attractive to a wide audience.

B) be attractive primarily to youngsters.

C) be based on original ideas.

D) include a lot of description.

2. How does Mollie feel about what has happened to her birthplace?

А) confused

B) ashamed

C) disappointed

D) surprised

3. In comparison with children of earlier years, Mollie feels that modern children are

А) more romantic.

B) better informed.

C) less keen to learn.

D) less interested in fiction.

4. Mollie’s adult visitors generally discover that she

А) is a lively person.

B) is interesting company.

C) talks a lot about her work.

D) pays more attention to their children.

5. Mollie thinks that the parents

А) are not aware of their children’s gifts.

B) overestimate their children’s talents.

C) sometimes don’t understand what their children say.

D) don’t spend much time with their children.

Часть 2. Грамматика и лексика

I. Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 1 – 7, так чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 1 – 7. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

Modern world of sports knows many kinds of gymnastics. One of them, rhythmic gymnastics 1__________________ out of modern gymnastics and the Swedish system of free exercise in the 19-th century.	GROW
It was called “aesthetic gymnastics” as the students 2__________________ express feelings and emotions through body movement. It combined elements of ballet, gymnastics, and theatrical dance.	CAN
Young 3__________________ exercised to music, moving from simple calisthenics to more energetic activities. A growing number of men are participating in this kind of sport now.	WOMAN
In the 1880s in Switzerland various exercises to music were created. They were designed to give grace of movement, and a much 4________________ pose.	GOOD
A degree of difficulty for each movement 5__________________ by the European Sport Association after the World War I. So all the elements were graded accordingly.	DEVELOP
In 1906 rhythmic gymnastics was introduced to North America, but the sport 6__________________ much popularity	NOT GAIN
Ten European countries 7__________________ part in the first world championship, held in 1973 in Budapest, Hungary. The United States did not begin competing in the biennial world championship until 1973.	TAKE

Часть 3. Письмо

I. Write an essay.

Why do we learn the foreign languages?

Write about 200 words.

Use the following plan:

1. Introduction (State the problem).

2. Express your opinion and support your point with arguments.

3. Give other people’s arguments and explain why you don’t agree.

4. Make a conclusion.

10–11 класс

Ключи к заданиям

Часть 1. Аудирование

I.

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
T	F	T	T	T	F	T	T	F	T

Часть 2. Чтение

I.

1	2	3	4	5	6	7
E	A	H	C	B	G	F

II.

1	2	3	4	5	6
D	F	A	B	E	G

III.

1	2	3	4	5
A	C	B	D	A

Часть 3. Грамматика и лексика

I.

1	grew
2	could
3	women
4	better
5	was developed
6	didn’t gain<или>did not gain
7	took

1. This app recognizes your facial expression
2. Your previous understanding of what’s possible is different
3. A threat to the human race
4. Progress always comes at a cost
5. Emotionally intelligent technology
6. The world would be better without humans
7. Stop killer robots
8. The vague future of AI

A) We are quite a long way off developing the computing power or the algorithms for fully autonomous AI (artificial intelligence). We will probably remain in control of technology and it will help us solve many of the world’s problems. But no one really knows what will happen if machines become more intelligent than humans. They may help us, ignore us or destroy us. I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives, but whether that is true will be partly up to us.

B) Think of what’s happening right now: military machines like drones, gun turrets and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little human input. The next step will be autonomous ‘murderbots’, following orders but ultimately deciding who to kill on their own. It seems clear that this would be completely unethical and dangerous for humanity. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.

C) The potential consequences of creating something that can match or surpass human intelligence are quite frightening. Even now, scientists are teaching computers how to learn on their own. At some point in the near future, their intelligence may well take off and develop at an ever-increasing speed. Human beings evolve biologically very slowly and we would be quickly superseded. Robots may take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people.

D) In education, imagine if your learning app senses that you’re confused and slows down, or that you’re bored, so it speeds up, just like a great teacher would in a classroom. What if your wristwatch tracks your mood, or your car senses that you’re tired, or perhaps your fridge knows that you’re stressed, so it auto-locks to prevent you from binge eating. Emotion-enabled wearable glasses can help individuals who are visually impaired read the faces of others.

E) It’s fascinating to consider how we’ll speed up our evolution as a species by augmenting our bodies. Imagine if you could implant a computer inside our brain! Recent developments include self-driving cars and drones carrying life-saving equipment to people at sea. Granted, there have been a few teething problems: one woman had her hair eaten by her robot vacuum cleaner and there have been fatal accidents with selfdriving cars. But the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.

F) We give our algorithms tens of thousands of examples of people smiling from different ages, genders, and we do the same for smirks. And then, using deep learning, the algorithm looks for all these wrinkles and shape changes on our face, and learns that all smiles have common characteristics, all smirks have subtly different characteristics. And next time it sees a new face, it essentially learns that this face has the same characteristics of a smile, not a smirk.

G) We have seen this once before, of course. In the Industrial Revolution, we saw a step change in capability thanks to engines. There was social disruption, but once engines were used to generate power, things really settled down. The Machine Learning Revolution is going to be very different from the Industrial Revolution, because the Machine Learning Revolution never settles down. So this is going to be a kind of change that the world has actually never experienced before.