B2 First FCE Cambridge English: Writing
Cambridge English
First (FCE)
The Ultimate
FCE Writing Guide
by EnglishApple.ru ®
What’s in the Writing paper?
In the two parts of the Cambridge English: First Writing paper, you have to show that you can write different types of text in English. There are two parts and you have 1 hour and 20 minutes to complete both parts.
What’s in part 1?
You’re given an essay title and two ideas clearly linked to the title. You write an essay giving your opinions about the title, using the ideas given. You must also add a third, different idea of your own linked to the title. The title will be a subject of general interest – you won’t need any specialised knowledge.
What do I have to practise?
Using language functions, such as evaluating, expressing opinions, hypothesising, justifying, persuading.
How many questions are there?
How much do I have to write?
You write a text from a choice of text types – article, email/letter, report or review.
To guide your writing, you’ll be given information about context, topic purpose and target reader.
What do I have to practise?
Writing different types of text that could be included in the exam.
How many questions are there?
One task to be selected from a choice of three.
How much do I have to write?
140–190 words
FCE / WRITING / PART 1
Essays
• Purpose of an essay
An essay is a piece of writing in which you are asked to discuss a topic that might be controversial or relevant somehow. It usually follows a class discussion.
• Language
The language of an essay should be formal. Also, make sure that you justify all your ideas and that you use appropriate connectors to link your sentences and paragraphs.
• Structure
When writing an essay, you can choose whether to give it a title or not. This could be the same question provided in the task. As for the structure, it should have an introductory paragraph, and a conclusion at the end. The body should consist of 2 or 3 main paragraphs, depending on how you decide to structure your ideas.
• Giving your opinion
Typically, in an essay we tend to express our opinion at the end, although it is acceptable to do so at the beginning, too.
• Common topics
Some common topics to write essays about are the environment, health and tness, work and employment, friendships and family, money, celebrities, etc.
Sample Task 1
In your English class you have been talking about different ways in which you can protect the environment. Now, your English teacher has asked you to write an essay.
Write an essay using all the notes and give reasons for your point of view.
What can people do to help protect the environment?
2. Using bicycles and walking
3. ……….. (your own idea)
Sample Answer 1
Protecting the Environment
One of the things that worries people most nowadays is the environment. In the last few decades, humans have been polluting way too much, which has had a negative effect on the environment. For this reason, we must protect it from now on.
First, we ought to start paying attention to the 3 Rs: reduce, reuse and recycle. By doing so, we will reduce the quantity of rubbish, we will not throw away so many things and we will be able to recycle most of our waste.
Second, a very good idea is to stop using cars so much and start cycling or walking a little more. For example, instead of commuting by car, we can try to do it on foot or by bike.
Finally, if we really want to change things, we should teach young pupils about the dangers of contamination and pollution. It’s the only way to change the future, because they are the future citizens of the world.
In conclusion, I believe that if we do these three things, we can still prevent humans from destroying the environment.
Sample Task 2
In your English class you have been talking about work in your country. Now, your English teacher has asked you to write an essay.
Write an essay using all the notes and give reasons for your point of view.
Which is more important: to earn a high salary or to enjoy doing your job?
2. Time you spend working
3. ……….. (your own idea)
Write your essay.
Sample Answer 2
Enjoying Your Work or Earning a High Salary?
Nowadays, people find it difficult to get a suitable job. Some people think the salary is too low, while others may have a good salary but do not like what they do. However, there are other things to consider, too.
Firstly, we need to think about how long we work for. If we work long hours, the salary should be good. However, maybe the most important thing if we work a lot is to enjoy our job. Otherwise, we will get tired quickly.
On the other hand, the type of work is also important. For instance, if we do a job we like but it is dangerous, the salary should be good. If we are not paid generously, maybe it’s not worth risking our lives.
Finally, we should also take into account holiday periods. If our job has few holiday periods during the year, maybe we can accept a higher salary in exchange.
On the whole, I am of the opinion that in order to be happy, the salary is less important than enjoying the job. However, it is difficult to be happy working for peanuts.
Sample Task 3
In your English class you have been talking about friendships. Now, your English teacher has asked you to write an essay.
Write an essay using all the notes and give reasons for your point of view.
What should we do to make and keep friends?
Notes:
1. Being honest
2. Keeping in touch
3. ……….. (your own idea)
Write your essay.
Sample Answer 3
Making and Keeping Friends
After family members, friends are the most important people in our lives. So we can all agree that making and keeping friends is essential. But what can we do to make friends and not lose them?
First of all, whenever we make a new friend, we must be honest and always tell the truth. It is not advisable to lie to your new friends because if they nd out, you will lose them.
Another important aspect is keeping in touch. Calling and meeting your friends regularly is the only way of keeping the friendship alive. However, this can be dif cult if they live far, so texting is another acceptable alternative.
Finally, helping your friends when they need you is also an essential part of any friendship. As a result, your friend will value you and your friendship will become stronger.
To sum up, I should say that honesty and keeping in touch are very good ways of supporting your friends. However, the best thing you can do is to love them and help them whenever they need you.
Useful Expressions
Sample 1:
— One of the things that
— In the last few decades,
— For this reason,
— First, / Second, / Third,
— Finally,
— By doing so,
— For example,
— In conclusion,
Sample 2:
— Nowadays,
— However,
— Firstly, / Secondly, / Thirdly,
— Otherwise,
— On the other hand,
— For instance,
— Finally,
— Take into account
— On the whole,
— I am of the opinion,
— In order to
Sample 3:
— we can all agree that
— First of all,
— It is not advisable to
— However,
— Finally,
— As a result,
— To sum up,
• More Useful Expressions — Linking devices:
— on the one hand, / on the other hand,
— nevertheless
— Even so,
— Even though
— However,
— In spite of
— Despite
— Although
— Because of this/that
— Therefore,
— It is therefore
— Thus
— As a result,
— As a result of this/that — For this/that reason,
— Consequently,
— As a consequence,
—
— Giving someone else’s opinion:
— Some people say
— Many experts claim — According to
— It is said that
— It is believed
— Itisafactthat
— The truth is that
Providing examples:
— Such as
— For example
— For instance
— Like
Concluding:
— In conclusion,
— I am of the opinion that
— On the whole, I would say that
— In my view,
— The way I see it,
— To sum up, if you ask me
FCE / WRITING / PART 2
Articles
• Purpose of an article
The goal of an article is usually to talk about a topic you like or in which you are an expert. Also, your article should aim to keep the reader engaged and, in some cases, recommend whatever it is you are talking about.
• Language
Articles are usually expected to be less formal than essays. Because they are intended to entertain, you can use more relaxed language, using contractions, phrasal verbs and more informal words. Also, it is common to use rhetorical questions and exclamation marks to keep the reader engaged or to make a point. You should address the reader directly and you can use humour where you think it’s appropriate.
• Structure
Articles usually have a title. If possible, this title should be catchy so it grabs the reader’s attention. Then, you should have a paragraph for each aspect you are writing about. In your conclusion, you might be expected make a recommendation. It is a good idea to nish your article with a rhetorical question.
• Giving your opinion
An article is all about your opinion, so feel free to give it wherever you feel it’s necessary. Usually, you are asked to write articles about topics you like or are
familiar with, so it makes more sense for your opinions to be generally positive. An article is a very personal piece of writing, so you can use rst-person sentences freely.
• Common topics
You may be asked to write articles on a variety of topics: the Internet, health and tness, music, plays, hobbies, etc.
Sample Task 1
A local magazine has asked readers to write an article about their favourite things about the Internet. Write the article talking about the things you do with the Internet and recommend a website to other readers.
Write your article.
Sample Answer 1
The Internet: A Great Invention
The Internet has changed the way we live. It started as something that we could access only through a computer, but nowadays it is everywhere, and I love it!
One of the cool things about the world wide web is that you can look up anything you want and nd out the answer straight away. Isn’t that fantastic? For example, imagine you are arguing with your friends about how to do something. Easy solution! Go online and nd the answer.
However, the greatest thing about the Internet is how you can learn tons of things very cheaply or even for free! In fact, my favourite website is www.udemy.com, where people register to teach and learn about different things: music, website design, making apps, history, etc. So I totally recommend it to everyone!
In conclusion, the Internet has a lot of great things. For me, the best are nding information and learning online. What about you? What are your favourite things about it?
Sample Task 2
Fitness bloggers wanted!
Our tness magazine is looking for in uencers to write an article on how to stay t when you are a college student. So if you have any cool ideas, send us an article in which you:
• Explain the type of exercise you recommend • Recommend a healthy but cheap diet
• Give other ideas you like.
Write your article.
Sample Answer 2
Are you a busy college student? Do you struggle to keep t and eat healthily? Don’t worry! I am going to tell you exactly what you should do. Keep on reading, you will thank me later!
First of all, you must start moving your body. You could go to the gym, if you have the time. But if you’re busy – you’re a student, you should be busy! – don’t sign up for a gym. Instead, start cycling to college and give up using elevators. You’ll see how your tness improves quickly!
Secondly, your diet is just as important. I suppose you live on a low budget, so I suggest you don’t eat out much. Eating out can be unhealthy and expensive. So go to your local supermarket and buy healthy, inexpensive vegetables and fruit.
Finally, pay attention to how you sit when you are studying. Posture is super important to feel well, especially if you are a student or an of ce worker.
If you follow all these tips, I’m sure you will keep t easily! And if you already tried that, let me know how you feel now.
Sample Task 3
Are you a music fan?
Write an article for our magazine and tell us about:
• the music you like and why
• where see live music with friends
• music in your country
Write your article.
Sample Answer 3
Since I was a young boy, I have listened to music almost every day of my life.
Impressive, right? I know, I am a big music fan and I’d love to share my views with you.
Although I like pop music – it’s catchy and upbeat – my favourite kind of music is indie. I love indie because it’s a mixture of rock and pop, so it has the energy of rock but more likeable melodies.
Because I like listening to music so much, I love going to live gigs with my friends! In my town there are many places to watch bands play, but the best one is the Irish Pub in the city centre. They always have cool Irish singer-songwriters playing live at weekends.
As for music in my country, I don’t like it much, because I am not very keen on amenco. However, there are also many new pop bands which play really well.
All in all, I can say that music is my life. In fact, the only time I’m not listening to music is when I am sleeping! What about you? Do you love music as much as me?
Useful Expressions
— I love it!
— One of the cool things about
— straight away
— Isn’t that fantastic?
— For example,
— Imagine that
— However,
— the greatest thing about
— In fact,
— I totally recommend it to everyone! — In conclusion,
— For me,
— What about you?
Sample 2:
— Don’t worry!
— Keep on reading, you will thank me later!
— First of all,
— Instead,
— Secondly,
— Finally,
— pay attention to
— super important
— especially if
— If you follow all these tips, I’m sure you will
Sample 3:
— Since I was a young boy,
— Impressive, right?
— I’d love to share my views with you.
— Although
— my favourite kind of
— but the best one is
— As for
— However,
— All in all,
— In fact
— What about you
More Useful Expressions — Rhetorical questions:
— Have you ever…?
— Do you ever wonder…?
— What do you think about…?
— Are you a… like me?
— Are you one of those people who…?
— What would you say if I told you that…?
— Introducing different paragraphs/ideas:
— Firstly,
— First,
— In the rst place,
— The coolest thing about
— What attracts me most
— To begin with,
— One thing to consider is
— Another consideration,
— Secondly,
— As for
— As to
— Also, as regards
— In addition,
— In addition to that,
— Moreover,
— Concluding
— In conclusion,
— On the whole,
— Tosumup,
— To conclude
— Allinall
— … you will not regret it!
Reviews
• Purpose of a review
The purpose of any review is to talk about a topic in detail, assessing its pros and cons, and making some recommendations. Also, given its similarity to articles, reviews are expected to entertain the reader while being more informative.
• Language
Reviews tend to be quite similar to articles, so the language can be standard or even a little informal. You should address the reader directly, in the second person, and you can use humour if you think it’s appropriate.
• Structure
Every review needs a title. This should be as catchy as possible, to grab the reader’s attention from the beginning. In the introduction, you should introduce what you are talking about in a leisurely way, trying to entertain the reader. Each paragraph between the introduction and the conclusion should deal with a different aspect. And you should wait until the conclusion to make a recommendation.
• Giving your opinion
Just like with articles, in a review you are expected to give your opinion throughout the whole writing, although the recommendation is expected to happen at the end. A review is very personal, so you can use rst-person sentences freely.
• Common topics
Review tasks usually ask you to write about restaurants, books, lms, series, musical events, plays, etc.
Sample Task 1
Restaurant Review
You have found the following advertisement online:
Write a review of a restaurant.
Sample Answer 1
Restaurant Review
Foster’s Hollywood
Being a huge fan of traditional American fast food and restaurant styles, it’s no wonder that my favourite restaurant in Granada is Foster’s Hollywood.
Located smack in the middle of the city, this fast-food chain serves a wide variety of mouthwatering, American dishes at a reasonable price. These range from typical Tex-Mex nachos or French fries to more elaborate meals like traditional, homemade Bourbon steak. And if you’re hungry, it’s the perfect place to go, as their servings are absolutely huge!
Another cool thing about this place is its magni cent decor. If you’re a lm buff, you will quickly fall in love with this place, since all the walls are covered in famous movie posters! Apart from that, it’s got a spacious dining hall, super friendly staff and an outdoor terrace which is absolutely fantastic on summer nights!
The only negative thing I can say is that it is right next to a gym, which sometimes makes me feel guilty for eating so much!
Nevertheless, Foster’s Hollywood offers delicious meals in an unbeatable atmosphere, so you should de nitely give it a try. I promise you won’t regret it!
Sample Task 2
Film Review
Your local lm club is asking its members to write a lm review to post on its website. Write a review of a lm you have watched recently in which say whether you liked it or not and if you would recommend it to other members of the club.
Sample Answer 2
Film Review
Layer Cake
Did you know that Daniel Craig was already famous before playing James Bond? In fact, my favourite Daniel Craig movie is called “Layer Cake”, which he did a long time before becoming the most famous spy in the world.
Set in central London, “Layer Cake” tells the story of a drug dealer (played by Craig) and how he tries to give up his drug empire. However, not everything goes as planned and he gets into some serious trouble with some of his business partners.
The main characters are wonderfully played by the actors, who give an exceptional performance. However, some of the secondary roles seemed a little dull and two-dimensional.
As for the plot, it’s a real nail-biter, as you never know what is going to happen with the main characters. In fact, you will never be able to guess the ending!
If you are a fan of action movies, I completely recommend that you watch this lm. I am sure you will have a great time and it will be an unforgettable movie.
Sample Task 3
Other Reviews
A local campsite is running a competition in collaboration with a local magazine. They’ve asked you to write a review of the campsite, talking about the area and facilities and stating whether you would recommend it to other campers.
Sample Answer 3
Other Reviews
Holiday Campsite
Ever since I was a kid, I’ve been really keen on camping. Every summer, my mum and dad would pack our tent and drive us to a different campsite across the country. Or at least that was the case until Holiday Campsite opened nearby.
Holiday Campsite is a camping facility that opened only a few years ago and really close to our town. But despite being so close, when you’re there you feel completely isolated from the outside world. This is so because it is almost surrounded by a beautiful forest which blocks the noise from the town.
The facilities at Holiday Campsite are simply amazing. There is something for everyone. If you like playing soccer, there’s a football pitch for you. If you prefer swimming, you can try their large swimming pools. And if exercising is not your cup of tea, simply chill out in one of the spacious relaxing areas they have.
So if you’re into camping and want to have an inexpensive holiday nearby, I suggest you go for this amazing campsite. You really don’t want to miss out!
Useful Expressions:
Sample 1:
Restaurant Review
— Being a huge fan of…, it’s no wonder that
— Located smack in the middle of the city,
— a wide variety
— mouthwatering dishes
— at a reasonable price
— their servings are absolutely huge
— Another cool thing about
— its magni cent decor
— you will quickly fall in love with this place — Apart from that,
— a spacious dining hall
— super friendly staff
— absolutely fantastic
— The only negative thing I can say is that — Nevertheless,
— unbeatable atmosphere
— you should de nitely give it a try
— I promise you won’t regret it!
Sample 2:
Film Review
— Did you know that…?
— In fact,
— Set in central London, “Layer Cake” tells the story of
— However, not everything goes as planned
— The main characters are wonderfully played
— dull and two-dimensional
— As for the plot
— it’s a real nail-biter
— you will never be able to guess the ending
— If you’re a fan of action movies,
— I completely recommend that you watch this lm.
— Sample 3:
Other Review
— Ever since I was a kid, I’ve been really keen on
— But despite being
— simply amazing
There is something for everyone.
— your cup of tea
— So if you’re into camping
— inexpensive
— nearby
— You really don’t want to miss out!
• More Useful Expressions:
— Things you like:
— What really caught my eye
— What I enjoyed most about
— The thing I liked most
— I was really pleased with
— I was really keen on
— The coolest thing was
— The best thing about it is
— I got a lot of enjoyment out of
— I was completely gripped by
— Things you don’t like:
— However, all that glitters is not gold.
— I was really disappointed by
— I didn’t enjoy
— I was quite unimpressed by
— The worst part/bit was
— It was simply not good enough
— The worst thing is
— Something I didn’t like was
— Film & Book reviews:
— Characters, actors and others:
— the main character
— the main actor
— protagonist
— played by
— the characters are believable
— the main characters are well-crafted
— some characters are a little two-dimensional
— villain / hero / heroine / anti-hero
— (written) by
— directed by
— played by
— starring
— the lead role is played by
— star actor/actress
— play a secondary role
— author
— scriptwriters
— a production by
— The main action:
— The book/ lm/story is set in
— The action takes place in
— the plot
— The plot centres around
— The story focuses on the adventures of
— it’s a comedy/drama/thriller/romance
— the setting
— based on a true story
— inspired by true events
— a classic
— a historical novel/ film
— the plot
— fiction / factual
— Describing the story
— it’s a bestseller
— chapter
— ending
— a nail-biter
— a nail-biting conclusion
— a cliff-hanger ending
— a shocking twist in the tail
— action-packed
— addictive
— amusing
— adventurous
— (un)believable
— breath-taking
— exhilarating
— hilarious
— witty
— a page-turner
— a tearjerker
— a laugh-a-minute
— I couldn’t put it down — a slow start
— a gripping climax
Restaurant reviews:
— The food:
— a wide variety of mouth-watering starters/ main courses/ deserts
— I ordered … accompanied by a side dish of …
— the main course consisted of
— to be starving hungry / to be dying of hunger
— poor quality
— stodgy / bland/ tasty/ delicious/ exquisite/ processed food
— home-made / take-away / ready meal
— large selection of …
— The staff:
— head chef
— waiters
— staff
— service
— attentive/ friendly/ charming/ helpful/ caring
— forgettable/ acceptable
— can hardly get a smile/ inattentive / slow/ disappointing
— The atmosphere / decor:
— location
— setting
— attractive setting
— decor
— magni cent decor/ modern/ antique/ cosy / minimalist / attractive
— spacious / spotless
— dull/ dusty/ lthy
— indoor / outdoor
— The price:
— reasonably priced / cheap / inexpensive
— worth the money / good value for money
— expensive / overpriced / not worth the money / pricy
— poor value for money
— book in advance
— always fully booked
— Recommending:
— This book/ lm/restaurant would be absolutely perfect for
— I would have no hesitation in recommending this book/ lm/restaurant to
— In conclusion, I recommend this book/ lm/restaurant to anyone who
— I would highly / strongly recommend…
— I strongly advise you to…
— Everyone should try it / give it a try
— … not to be missed!
— I certainly wouldn’t recommend…
— I strongly advise you against / not to…
— You should probably give … a miss.
Report
• Purpose of a report
Reports are usually written to analyse a previous experience you have had, like a trip, or a place you have recently visited. They tend to look at something that has passed, which you have to analyse and then make some recommendations for improvement.
• Language
The language of a report is expected to be formal and objective. For this reason, you should avoid including yourself or your views in most of your sentences. However, you must give your opinion in the conclusion or recommendations paragraph.
• Structure
The report is the only piece of writing which has a title and subheadings. Each paragraph should have a subheading which summarises its main topic. Also, the introduction can always be “Introduction” and the conclusion, “Conclusion” or “Recommendations”.
• Giving your opinion
There are two main ways to give your opinion in a report. You can give it at the end of each paragraph, saying how you would solve or improve each aspect. Or you can give leave it until the nal paragraph, where you can summarise how you would solve or improve each aspect.
• Common topics
Some common topics for reports include talking about visits to museums, local businesses, trips and excursions, important events, etc.
Sample Task 1
The gym you work for has been losing members recently and would like to know why they are leaving. The gym manager has asked you to write a report about why these customers are leaving. In your report you should specify what the problems are and should give recommendations for improvement.
Sample Answer 1
Introduction
Improving Our Gym
The aim of this report is to explain the main reasons why members are leaving the gym. After interviewing some clients, we have identi ed some serious problems.
Limited opening hours
Some members have complained that the gym opens a little late for them. For this reason, workers cannot exercise before going to work. If the gym opened at 7 a.m., clients could exercise easily before going to work.
The changing rooms
Many of the lockers are broken so customers cannot leave their belongings in a safe place. Also, some of the showers are not working properly so members have to queue before having a shower. In order to solve this, I suggest replacing all lockers and showers immediately.
Lack of parking spaces
Some previous members have joined gyms which have a parking lot. Although we cannot build a parking lot, we can offer a parking area for bicycles. As a result, this might encourage members to use their bikes to come to the gym.
Conclusion
To sum up, I believe that if we take care of these problems, members will be happier and will decide to stay with us.
Sample Task 2
Your college has just published the rst issue of the new college magazine. The organisers are interested in knowing what students thought about it, so they have asked you to write a report. In your report, you should talk about what the students liked and disliked about the articles, the sports section and the news section. Then, you should make suggestions on how to improve the magazine.
Sample Answer 2
Introduction
The New College Magazine
The purpose of this report is to outline students’ opinions about the new college magazine, and to make recommendations based on their views.
The articles
Most students thought the articles were interesting and well written. However, they did not talk about modern topics, so some students found this part of the magazine a little boring.
The sports section
It is thought that the sports section is good, but most articles were about football or basketball. This is not a good thing because most of our sporty students play rugby, not football or basketball.
The news section
Many students complained about the news section, because it only focused on news about the college. These students were expecting to read some news about the city, too.
Recommendations
In order to solve the problems above, I recommend taking some measures. Firstly, article writers should focus more on technology and other modern issues. Secondly, we should consider writing more about rugby and less about other sports. Finally, we should include some news about our city. If we do these things, the magazine will be more interesting to our students.
Sample Task 3
You have visited a new car museum in your town with your school. Now your teacher would like you to write a report talking the things you found most and least interesting and whether you recommend the visit to future students.
Sample Answer 3
Introduction
The Car Museum
The aim of this report is to assess last week’s visit to the car museum and to decide whether it would be a good idea to visit it in the future.
Interesting exhibitions
All the students who visited the museum agreed that the best part of it was the 19th-century cars exhibition. It displayed some models of the rst cars that arrived in Spain. As a result, we learned a lot about the history of cars in our country. Another interesting exhibition was the one about sports cars, which we all enjoyed.
Guided tour and less interesting exhibitions
Although most displays were ne, most of us did not enjoy the cars exhibited in the exhibition of the fastest cars of the 20th century. We believe that there is a lack of faster and more interesting models. Also, the live talks by some of the guides were a little too long and boring.
Conclusion
Despite the boring talks and some dull exhibitions, I recommend this visit to all students in our school. I believe most students will nd it quite interesting and educational.
Sample 1:
— The aim of this report is to
— After interviewing some…, we have identi ed some serious problems.
— Some members have complained that
— For this reason,
— Also,
— In order to solve this, I suggest
— immediately
— Although
— As a result,
— To sum up, I believe that if we take care of these problems,
Sample 2:
— The purpose of this report is to outline…, and to make recommendations…
— However, …, so…
— It is thought that
— This is not a good thing because
— Many students complained about…, because
— In order to solve the problems above, I recommend taking some measures.
— Firstly,
— Secondly,
— Finally,
— If we do these things,
— Sample 3:
— The aim of this report is to assess… and decide whether
— All the students… agreed that the best part of it was
— It displayed
— As a result,
— Another interesting
— Although…, most of us
— We believe that there is a lack of
— Also,
— Despite…, I recommend this visit
— interesting and educational
More Useful Expressions
— Purpose, result and consequence:
— As a result (of this),
— This has resulted in
— As a consequence,
— Therefore
— It is therefore necessary to
— For this reason,
— because of
— in order to
— in order for
— so that
— so
— Recommending:
— I suggest/recommend
— I would like to suggest/recommend
— I therefore suggest
— I advise you (not) to
— I believe it would be bene cial
— It would be advisable to
— You may wish/want to consider
— If you wish to…, you should
— If we wish to…, we ought to
Starting your report:
— The aim of this report is to
— As requested, I am writing this report to
— This report aims to outline/assess
— The purpose behind this report is to
Letters & Emails
• Purpose of a letter or email
The purpose of the letter or email will depend on each task. Some tasks ask you to provide your friend with some important information, while others will ask you to apply for a job, complain about something or ask for information.
• Language
The language depends entirely on the type of task, but in general you should use an informal style only if you are writing to a friend or close relative. Otherwise, you should stick to more formal language, which happens in letters of inquiry, application or complaint.
• Structure
All letters or emails should have a similar structure. You need an opening and closing formula; an introductory and closing paragraph; and a body consisting of as many paragraphs as ideas you are asked to discuss.
• Common topics
Many letters or emails to friends and relatives include giving advice on a certain subject like visiting your town or keeping t, or maybe some tips on how to deal with a problem. As for formal letters and emails, they usually ask you to apply for a job or a volunteering programme, or to complain about something or ask for information. Sometimes these topics may appear in combination.
Sample Task 1
Informal Email
An English friend of yours is visiting your city next summer. Write to him and tell him about the places he should visit and the clothes he should wear. You must also offer him to stay with you during his stay.
Sample Answer 1
Informal Email
Dear Jack,
It’s great to hear from you after so long! How are you doing? I’m so excited about your visit next summer. Let me give you some tips so you can get ready.
First of all, there are some places which you can’t miss! For example, here in Granada you should totally visit the Alhambra, an ancient Muslim palace. It was nominated to become one of the new seven wonders of the world. Also, don’t forget to check out St Nicholas viewpoint – you’ll have the best views of the Alhambra and the whole city.
As for clothes, remember that it can get super hot in Granada, especially for foreigners! So forget about long sleeves or trousers and just pack some shorts, T- shirts and sandals. Oh, and remember to bring a cap, too!
By the way, do you have a place to stay? If you want, I could put you up in my place. I have a spare room and it would be great to have you here.
Anyway, I must dash now. Drop me a line soon and let me know what you think. Best wishes,
Carlos
Sample Task 2
Letter of Application
You have seen the following advertisement in a newspaper:
Write a letter applying to become a volunteer.
Sample Answer 2
Letter of Application
VOLUNTEERS NEEDED!
We are the National Diabetes Organisation and we are organising a camp for diabetic children. We need volunteers to work with us during the camp. Your responsibilities will include:
— Teaching children about diabetes
— Playing games with them
Also, you should speak several languages because it’s an international camp.
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing with regard to the advertisement posted in yesterday’s newspaper about the camp for diabetic children. I would like to take part as a volunteer, if it is possible.
As you can see in my résumé, I completed a degree in nursing, so I am quali ed to teach children about it. Besides, I suffer from diabetes, so I am quite familiar with this illness and how to deal with it.
Furthermore, I have some experience organising entertaining events for children, as I worked at a regular camp for children last summer. For this reason, I am capable of organising and playing fun games with children.
Finally, I must say that I can speak 3 languages, since I have spent some time abroad, in England and Germany. Therefore, apart from Spanish, I am uent in English and German.
Can I ask about the duration of the camp? What is the daily timetable?
I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
José
Sample Task 3
Email of Application and Inquiry
You have come across the following advertisement online:
FITNESS SUMMER CAMP
Do you need to get t in a short period of time? Do you have experience exercising but want to learn even more? Come and join our tness summer camp. It will be a great experience and you will return home feeling better than ever and knowing much more about healthy lifestyles.
Write an email to nd out more about the camp.
In you email, you should:
— explain why you would benefit from this camp
— ask for more information about the diet and accommodation
Sample Answer 3
Email of Inquiry
To whom it may concern,
My name is Lindsay and I am writing regarding your tness summer camp. I am really interested in joining in and becoming t during the summer.
Since I was a child, I have always been a sporty person. I have done many different sports, from golf to running or kayaking. So I am quite familiar with exercising in general. However, a couple of years ago I suffered a knee injury and have not been able to do any sport since then. But now I am fully recovered and I am ready to become t again. And your camp is a perfect opportunity for me.
Also, I am writing to enquire about several aspects of the camp. Firstly, I would like to have more information about the diet we would follow at the camp. I am a vegetarian, so I would appreciate a variety of vegetarian dishes. Furthermore, what is the accommodation like? Will we sleep in huts or tents? If you could answer these questions, I would be really grateful.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
Dave
Sample 1:
— Dear Jack,
— It’s great to hear from you after so long!
— How are you doing?
— I’m so excited about
— Let me give you some tips
— First of all,
— For example,
— you should totally visit
— Also, don’t forget to
— As for
— especially
— So forget about
— Oh, and remember to
— By the way,
— If you want,
— Anyway, I must dash now.
— Drop me a line soon
— let me know what you think
— Best wishes,
Sample 2:
— Dear Sir or Madam,
— I am writing with regard to the advertisement posted
— I would like to take part…, if it is possible.
— As you can see in my résumé,
— I completed a degree in…, so I am quali ed to
— Besides,
— Furthermore, I have some experience
— For this reason, I am capable of
— Finally, I must say that
— Therefore,
— CanIask
— I look forward to hearing from you.
— Yours faithfully,
Sample 3:
— To whom it may concern
— My name is… and I am writing regarding
— I am really interested in
— Since I was a child, I have always
— So I am quite familiar with
— However,
— Also, I am writing to enquire about
— Firstly,
— Furthermore,
— If you could answer these questions, I would be really grateful.
— I look forward to hearing from you.
— Yours faithfully,
• Useful Formal Expressions:
— Greetings:
— Dear Sir or Madam, → You don’t know the name of the addressee.
— Dear Madam, → You don’t know the name of the addressee.
— Dear Sir, → You don’t know the name of the addressee.
— Dear Mr Johnson,
— Dear Ms Marshall,
Reasons for writing:
— I am writing with regard to the advertisement
— I am writing regarding your advertisement
— I am writing in order to complain about
— I am writing to complain about
— I am writing in relation to
— I am writing to enquire about
— I am writing to receive more/further information about
— I am writing to suggest
— I am writing to offer suggestions
— I am writing to inform you about
— I am writing to provide you with information about
— I am writing to let you know that
— I am writing to request permission to
Asking for information:
— The first thing I would like to know is
— First of all, I would like to know
— I wonder if you would mind telling me
— Could you please let me know (if/whether)…?
— Could you also tell me…?
— Would you mind telling me…?
— I would also like to know if…?
— I was hoping that you could tell me
— Organising paragraphs:
— First of all,
— Firstly,
— In the rst place,
— My rst complaint is
— The rst problem is
— My rst concern is
— Secondly,
— In the second place,
— In addition (to this/that)
— Another possibility is
— A further possibility is
— I would also like to let you know that
— I would also like to inform you about
— Another piece of information that might be useful — Finally,
— In conclusion,
Ending the email or letter:
— I look forward to hearing from you.
— I look forward to your reply.
— I look forward to receiving your reply.
— I look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience.
— I look forward to receiving your explanation.
— I look forward to receiving a full refund.
— If you require further information, please do not hesitate to contact me.
— If I can be of further assistance, please do not hesitate to ask.
— I am at your disposal should you require further information.
— Should you require further information, I am at your entire disposal.
— I would like to thank you in advance for Thanking you in advance,
Closing the email or letter:
— Yours faithfully, → You don’t know the name of the addressee.
— Yours sincerely,
— Sincerely,
• Useful Informal Expressions:
Greetings:
— Dear Sarah,
— Hello Sara,
— Hi Sara,
Introductory paragraph:
— How’s it going?
— How are you doing?
— How are things?
— How are things going?
— It’s great to hear from you!
— Long time, no see!
— Sorry I haven’t written for ages, but
— I’m really sorry it’s taken me so long to get back to you.
Reacting to good news:
— I’m glad to hear that
— I’m so happy that
— Great news about your
— I’m very happy to hear about — It’s so great that
Reacting to bad news:
— I’m so sorry to hear about
— Sorry to read about
— Ican’ttellyouhowsadIamthat
— I’m extremely sorry to hear about
— It’s just awful to hear that
— Introducing paragraphs:
— Oh, by the way,
— Hey, did you hear about…? — One more thing,
— Asfor
— By the way, tell me about
— Ending the email or letter:
— Well, I gotta go now.
— Anyway, I should get going.
— I’ve got to leave you now.
— I’d better get going.
— Well, it’s time to go
— Make sure you write soon
— Don’t forget to drop me a line soon. — Look after yourself.
— Take care of your self.
— Closing the email or letter:
— All my love,
— Love,
— Lots of love,
— All the best,
— Take care,
— Best wishes,
— Best,
— Regards,
— Kind regards,
Some additional examples of essay writing.
Essay
Model question
TASK
In your English class, you have been talking about the subject of cultural heritage. Now your English teacher has asked you to write an essay.
Write an essay using all the notes and give reasons for your point of view.
Is is a good thing that countries spend a lot of money on their heritage?
Notes
Write about:
1. preserving the past
2. investing in the future
3. ________ (your own idea)
Write your essay in 140-190 words in an appropriate style.
Essay
Model answer
Most countries spend large sums of money protecting their national heritage. However, there is strong argument that we should look forwards and not backwards, spending less money on preserving the past and more on securing our future.
On the one hand, it is important that we remember our heritage. Once it is lost, it is lost forever. Caring for important monuments helps with this. It also attracts tourists, which has an economic benefit for everyone.
On the other hand, governments spend a lot of money on museums and keeping historic sites in good condition when poor people need houses to live in and businesses need better roads for transporting their goods.
Another argument is that by making heritage sites attractive for tourists -for example, by putting on entertainment – we give a very untrue picture of the past and sometimes damage the local environment.
To conclude, while there are strong arguments for not spending too much on preserving the past, I believe it is important to protect the most famous sites for the future generations but it is not realistic to try and save everything. We need to invest in the future too.
Essay
Model question
TASK
In your English class, you have recently had a discussion about science and young people. Now your English teacher has asked you to write an essay.
Write an essay using all the notes and give reasons for your point of view.
Science is very important in the 21st century. How do you think it could be made more appealing to young people?
Notes
Write about:
1. television programmes
2. interactive museums
3. ________ (your own idea)
Write your essay in 140-190 words in an appropriate style.
Essay 2
Model answer
Although young people love gadgets and technology, some see science as uninteresting and ‘uncool’. Over time, the number of young people, particularly girls, pursuing science and technology studies and careers has dropped.
One way in which science could be made more attractive would be to have lively television programmes presented by celebrities, with subjects which were relevant to the experience of the young. We live in a celebrity culture and children identify with well-known young people.
Another idea would be to set up interactive science museums in every town, where parents could take their children. It is much better to teach children the principles of science through hands-on experiments than to lecture them in a classroom.
Of course, there would be more incentives if the average scientit were better paid and young people were made aware of the range of jobs available. A lot of people are put off a scientific career because they think it means working in a badly paid job in a boring laboratory.
Whichever way we choose, it is vital that more young people are attracted to science, since society’s prosperity depends largely on continuous scientific progress.
Essay 3
Model question
TASK
In your English class, you have recently had a discussion about relationships. Now your teacher has asked you to write an essay.
Write an essay using all the notes and give reasons for your point of view.
Is it better to live alone or with someone else?
Notes
Write about:
1. independence
2. money
3. ________ (your own idea)
Write your essay in 140-190 words in an appropriate style.
Essay 3
Model answer
Nowadays more people are deciding to live by themselves. Some people claim this is more enjoyable and in young people it develops a sense of responsibility, whereas others disagree. I personally tend to believe that for me, being a young individual, it is better to live with someone else.
Firstly, it can be quite lonely to live by yourself. By nature, we are social animals. Secondly, it is more expensive because you have to pay all the rent and bills, so you have less money to enjoy life. Last but not least, it can be quite hard to find a nice flat for one person, so you might not be able to live in the best area.
On the other hand, the main advantage of living alone is that there is nobody to tell you what to do, so you can live your life in your own way. What is more, you can organise or decorate your house as you want. There is no one else to disagree with.
To sum up, there are strong arguments on both sides. In conclusion, I believe that while living alone is better for some older people who have more money and like privacy, this option is not the most suitable for young people who need to share the costs and at the same time enjoy parties and social life.
Essay 4
Model question
TASK
In your English class you have been talking about happiness. Now your English teacher has asked you to write an essay.
Write an essay using all the notes and give reasons for your point of view.
Whether you are happy or not depends on the personality you are born with. Do you agree?
Notes
Write about:
1. money
2. health
3. ________ (your own idea)
Write your essay in 140-190 words in an appropriate style.
Essay 4
Model answer
Some people claim they are naturally cheerful. However, in my view, how we lead our lives is the main reason we are either happy or unhappy.
Take money, for example. Money doesn’t automatically make us happy. In fact, it makes some people very unhappy because they are frightened of losing what they’ve got. On the other hand, if we’re not greedy and don’t spend it foolishly, it can reduce stress and give us security.
Then consider health. If we eat badly, get too little sleep and don’t exercise, our health will decline and make us miserable. Eating well and going for lovely long walks in the countryside can make us feel better generally.
The third thing I think is important is to have a positive outlook on life. We should all enluy things like music and being with our friends. At the same time, it’s important to spend time alone and live as simply as possible, which is not easy in the 21st century!
All these make a big difference to our happiness, no matter what our natural temperament.
George
Giulia told me you won the tennis competition. That’s great news. I was sorry you couldn’t come to the football match yesterday. Shall we go together next Saturday?
Sarah
H3E
Paper 1 : Reading and Writing
ADan wasn’t able to find exactly what his mother wanted.
B Dan can get his mother the book she wants tomorrow.
Dan’s mother can only keep the book till tomorrow.
AThe shop will sell bikes at the normal price again after the sale.
BYou can buy a bike more cheaply in the week before the shop shuts.
CBikes will cost less for one week after Saturday 20th.
What is Sarah doing in this email?
Aapologising for not being able to do something
Bgiving George some news about something
Ccongratulating George on something he has done
31
Test 2
Listening Part 4
Questions 6 — 1 0
The people below all want to watch a DVD.
On the opposite page there are descriptions of eight DVDs.
Decide which DVD would be the most suitable for the following people.
For questions 6 — 10, mark the correct letter (A — H) on your answer sheet.
Michael is looking for a cartoon film to watch with his young cousin, Tom. They enjoy films which make them laugh. It mustn’t be longer than an hour because Tom gets bored quickly.
Eddie is interested in history and likes watching documentaries which contain parts of real films showing how people used to live in different parts of the world.
Natalya enjoys pop music and for her birthday she wants to watch a DVD with her friends. She is looking for a new musical which has some of the latest songs in it.
Vicente wants to watch an action film which has won a prize. He doesn’t mind if it’s new or old but it should have a good story and be exciting.
Sophia wants to find a DVD to watch with her grandfather, who loves old comedy films. They want to see one which has some famous actors in it.
32
Paper 1 : Reading and Writing
DVDs for you
r — A
Two Weeks and a Day is about a group of students on holiday together in South
America. The students are actually the band Sound Machine and the story is created using the lyrics of their recent hits. They perform them perfectly but they will never be famous for their acting.
Up and Away w a s a very popular film over fifty years ago and it w o n several prizes. The m a i n actors w e r e very well k n o w n then and the film is still entertaining. It appeals to all ages
and will keep you laughing all the w a y through .
B
The Last Chance is about a spy w h o gets discovered but manages to escape . It involves helicopters, s p e e d boats and a fantastic car chase. Not everything goes as planned and the two hours will be over before you notice. It c a m e first in the National Film Awards .
r ~ C
In the Clouds is a cartoon film about a car which goes on a journey without a driver. There is plenty of action as the car gets into some very difficult situations. It is exciting to watch at first but two hours is too long. There is some excellent music written specially for the film.
The musical The Street made several songs famous when it became very popular over 40 years ago. It follows a man who is looking for a job in Paris
who spends his free time writing songs about the people he meets. It is based on a true story which is fascinating.
|
G |
— i |
|
On the Road aims to show what it takes |
|
|
to become a famous band. It follows a |
|
|
group of unknown musicians as they try |
W |
|
to get noticed by music producers. They |
|
|
play some very good music but it’s very |
|
|
much a documentary as there’s no real |
|
|
story. |
By the Ocean won a prize when it came out because it showed for the first time what it was like to live on an island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean in the first half of last century. Through interviews and film of daily life as it was then, we see
people farming, fishing, cooking and enjoying themselves.
H
Rabbit Run is another cartoon about a rabbit called Rob. The earlier ones were very short but this one lasts about 45 minutes. Rob has all kinds of adventures and there are many amusing moments. You will recognise some of the voices as they are read by some famous actors.
33
|
Test 2 |
||
|
Listening |
Part |
4 |
|
Questions 1 1 — 2 |
0 |
|
|
Look at the sentences below about a photography competition. |
||
|
Read the text on the opposite page to decide if each sentence is correct or incorrect. |
||
|
If it is correct, mark A on your answer sheet. |
||
|
If it is not correct, |
mark B on your answer sheet. |
11The Young Photographers’ Association was started nearly 30 years ago.
12Two of the winners will go to Borneo.
13Photographs can be accompanied by a written description.
14If you enter the competition more than once, you have to pay $5 each time.
15You can enter the same photograph as last year unless it won the competition.
16Children under 15 should send an adult’s email address as well as their own.
17If you apply on the internet, you should send your entry by 31 March.
18All young people entering the competition should send a photograph of themselves.
19Photographs showing people should be avoided.
20A fee will be sent to the photographer if a photo is used for advertising.
34
Paper 1 : Reading and Writing
The Australian Young
Photographers’ Competition
Every year the Australian Young Photographers’ Association organises a photography competition for young people. Later this year the organisation will be 30 years old and, to celebrate, we have a very special prize. If you win, you will go on a trip
|
for t w o (you |
and a parent or another adult in your |
|
family) to the rainforest in Borneo! If you are an |
|
|
Australian high school student aged between 12 |
|
|
and 18, then |
enter our competition. There are t w o |
|
second prizes |
of $200 each (one for 12-14-year- |
|
olds and one for 15-18-year-olds) and t w o third |
prizes of $100 each (one for 12-14-year-olds and one for 15-18-year-olds).
We are looking for photographs that show either Australia’s amazing wildlife — its birds, snakes, animals or insects — or its dramatic landscapes — its open spaces, rainforests, rivers and beautiful cities. A photograph can show so much more about a country than a written description. So send us one which explains what Australia means to you.
Y o u may enter the competition as many times as you wish but all entries must be accompanied by the $5 entrance fee. Any photograph which has already been a competition winner should not be entered.
over, you can use your own email address. If you prefer, you can print the form and send us your photograph by post.
The competition opens at midnight on I February. The closing date for online entry is Monday 3 I March. The closing date for entries by post to be received in the Competition Office is Monday 24 March. Winners will receive the news by email or phone no later than Monday 6 April. There will be a special exhibition of photographs in City Halls between Monday 29 April and Monday 5 May.
To enter, go online at
www.youngphotographers.au/competition and upload your photograph using the form
provided. Each entry must include your name, date of birth, an email address and a daytime contact phone number. If you are 14 years of age or under, you need to provide us with the email address of a responsible adult. Make sure they are happy for you to use their email address. If you are 15 years or
Where a photograph entered in the competition shows a person other than yourself, you must get the necessary permission from that other person and you must send us that permission in writing. If you are one of our winners, you must agree to the organisation using your name, photograph and/ or voice for an unlimited period of time, without payment, for advertising purposes. We will not tell you each time we do so.
35
Test 2
Listening Part 4
Questions 21 — 25
Read the text below and answer the questions opposite.
For each question, mark the correct letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet.
Earth Day
We celebrated Earth Day in my city last week. The idea of this special day began in the 1960s when life was very different. Few people talked, or even thought, about the environment. Most people had no idea how dirty our air and water were. This attitude bothered Gaylord Nelson, who was a senator in the US government, and he had an idea. If people around the world knew the planet was in danger, they might work harder to save it, so he just needed to get their attention. The first Earth Day was just in the United States but it led to events every year all around the world on April 22 or the nearest weekend, depending on where you are.
In my town, last Saturday afternoon lots of people rode their bikes from the park, around the town together and back to the park, taking as much time as they possibly could, so that the cars had to wait. Then we talked to all the drivers in cars which just had one person in them, to explain how wasteful that is and how much pollution it causes. The idea was to make people think about how much they use their cars. In other places, people collected plastic bags for a week and then made a pile of them in the town square. You can do anything as long as it makes people of all ages come together for a few hours and talk about the environment. Last year we had a big music event for young people. Some people said it was a waste of time, but there was information for people to read and announcements between the bands about how to help protect the environment.
36
Paper 1 : Reading and Writing
21What is the writer trying to do?
A encourage people to take part in this year’s Earth Day B explain why Earth Day happens every year
C compare the success of different events on Earth Day D offer advice to people arranging an Earth Day event
22Earth Day began because
A people had started to worry about damage to the environment. B different governments decided it was a good idea.
C one man wanted people to know about the planet’s problems. D people were working hard to make the air and water cleaner.
23What happened on Earth Day this year in the writer’s city? A Cars were not allowed in the city centre.
B People cycled slowly through the streets.
C There was a talk about the pollution made by cars. D Cars had to have more than one person in them.
24What does the writer think is the most important thing about Earth Day events? A that people should become involved in them
B that they should attract young people C that there should be some music
D that they should last all day
25Which of the following sentences appeared in a newspaper article about Earth Day?
Gaylord Nelson travelled around the world to persuade people to arrange events on the first Earth Day.
Many more countries take part in Earth Day now than when it first began.
Earth Day events are on the same day in countries around the world.
The first Earth Day was a disappointment to the organisers.
37
Test 2
Questions 26 — 35
Read the text below and choose the correct word for each space.
For each question, mark the correct letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet.
|
Example: |
||||||
|
0 |
A population |
B people |
C |
country |
D |
public |
A Welsh festival
Wales has a (0) of about three million. English is the main language and only twenty per cent speak both Welsh and English. Every year for one
|
week (26) |
August there is a Welsh-speaking festival. It |
|||
|
(27 ) |
place in a different town each year so everyone has the |
|||
|
(28 ) |
for it to be near them. Local people (29) |
years |
||
|
making plans for when the festival will be in their town. Each festival is |
||||
|
(30) |
by about 160,000 people. They (31) |
not only |
||
|
from nearby towns and villages (32) |
also from the rest of the |
|||
|
British Isles and (33) |
from abroad. There are concerts, plays and |
competitions, and shops sell Welsh music, books, pictures and clothes as
|
(34) |
as food and drink. There is also a place (35) |
Welsh |
|
learners can go to practise the language. |
38
|
Paper 1 : Reading and Writing |
||||||||
|
26 |
A |
on |
B |
by |
C |
in |
D |
at |
|
27 |
A |
takes |
B |
finds |
C |
has |
D |
comes |
|
28 |
A |
choice |
B |
chance |
C |
luck |
D |
ability |
|
29 |
A |
pass |
B |
put |
C |
spend |
D |
last |
|
30 |
A |
arrived |
B |
accompanied |
C |
joined |
D |
attended |
|
31 |
A |
bring |
B |
move |
C |
travel |
D |
tour |
|
32 |
A |
but |
B |
and |
C |
although |
D |
however |
|
33 |
A |
just |
B |
hardly |
C |
quite |
D |
even |
|
34 |
A |
long |
B |
far |
C |
good |
D |
well |
|
35 |
A |
when |
B |
where |
C |
which |
D |
that |
39
Test 2
Writing Part 1
Question 1 — 5
Here are some sentences about a concert hall.
For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first.
Use no more than three words.
Write only the missing words on the answer sheet.
Example:
0 There is a new concert hall in our town.
|
Our town |
a new concert hall. |
Answer:
1 The concert hall opened in June.
|
The concert hall |
open since June. |
2 A very famous architect designed the building.
|
The architect |
designed the building is very famous. |
3 The new hall is bigger than the old one.
|
The old hall wasn’t |
the new one. |
4 Tickets can be bought at the box office.
|
You |
tickets at the box office. |
5 The box office closes at 8:30pm every evening.
|
The box office is open |
8:30pm every evening. |
40
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1) Установите соответствие между заголовками 1 — 8 и текстами A — G. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. Food: eating habits
2. Entertainment with vegetables
3. Food: its features
4. Entertainment with animals
5. Population
6. Time to relax
7. With nature
8. Spain as a state
A. A unique food battle festival known as La Tomatina is celebrated in Spain every year on the last Wednesday of August. It involves thousands of people engaging in a brutal battle, throwing overripe tomatoes at each other. The festival spans more than a week and although there are many elements to the festival, such as parades, music, dancing and fireworks, they are all centered on the tomato fight.
B. Spanish cuisine is a heavenly mixture of chicken, mixed vegetables, fish and meats. Many of the most popular Spanish dishes are a type of Paella, which is a rice dish that features a variety of ingredients. Hot chocolate and churros are very popular desserts throughout the country. Spain is also famous for its aromatic wines and other alcoholic beverages like Sangria, Cava and authentic Spanish beer.
C. Spain is very rich with traditions, especially those associated with food. For breakfast, some families buy fresh churros, pair them with hot chocolate and enjoy a leisurely morning routine. Lunch is another important meal of the day, and it is usually heavier than breakfast. This is sometimes followed by a siesta, an afternoon nap to get through post-lunch drowsiness. During this time, shops close and then open again after two or three hours of rest.
D. Spain is an important resting spot for migratory birds, and a home for many animals. But, unfortunately, many species of wildlife face threats from habitat loss and pollution. Due to centuries of tree cutting, large forests are now found only in a few areas in the country. Spain has created many national parks and refuges, but they cover only about seven percent of the country.
E. Although there is a national parliament, Spain is one of the most decentralized democracies in Europe. Each of its 17 regions manages its own schools, hospitals, and other public services. The tourist services industry drives Spain’s economy, but at the same time, since 1986, when Spain joined the European Community, it has worked to diversify its economy, by building important industries such as mining, shipbuilding, and textiles.
F. Bullfighting is one of the most famous traditions in Spain. This risky sport evolved from the ancient Roman gladiator games, with human matadors opposing charging bulls. However, this tradition has lately become widely debated and younger generations and animal-rights activists protest against bullfighting. Either way, it remains an iconic part of the country and bullfights take place in many Spanish towns and cities.
G. La siesta is a well-known aspect of Spanish culture. Seeking to balance work with pleasure, Spaniards have long practiced this tradition, when students and professionals return to their homes around midday for a big lunch, followed by a few hours of rest and family time. Many businesses also shut down for a short break. However, 21st-century big cities move at a faster pace, and don’t take siestas, but many people in smaller towns and villages still take a siesta each day.
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
2) Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A — F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1 — 7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя.
Language and mobility
European Union citizens have the right to live and work in other member states besides their home country. The European Union (EU) makes it possible for people to go where the jobs are. Knowing other languages is the key to real mobility in the EU, ___ (A) across the continent.
Learning the local language is not only the key to getting a job in another country, ___ (B). This often provides a whole new perspective on what it is to be European and on what the EU is creating jointly. The national histories and cultural heritage of the different countries may differ, ___ (C). Being able to speak to one another raises awareness of what people have in common and at the same time increases mutual respect for cultural differences.
A study undertaken for the European Commission shows ___ (D) through a lack of language skills. This is particularly the case for small and mediumsized enterprises ___ (E). According to the study, nearly 1 million firms have lost contracts with potential clients in other EU countries because of language barriers. The study also emphasizes the necessity of multilingualism for winning business in world markets. Multilingualism itself is an economic growth sector. In this context, English is the key language, ___ (F).
1. it also creates a bridge to the culture of the local people
2. that EU firms can lose business opportunities
3. but the EU’s collective objectives for the future are closely in tune
4. that are failing to use export opportunities in other EU countries
5. employing native speakers to work in export markets worldwide
6. but the study also stresses the importance of Chinese, Arabic and Russian
7. enabling all EU citizens to take advantage of job and travel opportunities
| A | B | C | D | E | F |
3) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
In what way did the children in the kindergarten answer the question about their dream occupation?
1) They described their parents’ actual occupation.
2) They took pictures of parents at the Back to School Night.
3) They drew people of their dream careers in action.
4) They made up a list of the most common and wide-spread professions.
4) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
Why did the author want to work in the local grocery store?
1) It seemed to be an enjoyable occupation.
2) It was quite a realistic career goal.
3) Her parents spoke a lot about it.
4) She liked to make orange juice.
5) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
According to the author, when you grow up the questions about career choice become
1) less convincing.
2) less common.
3) more frequent.
4) more stressful.
6) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
“That” in “But I don’t consider that a bad thing” (paragraph 4) refers to
1) knowing in your teens exactly what you want to be.
2) working at the counter of the Market Basket grocery store.
3) being unsure of your future career when in high school.
4) having a definite idea of how to achieve one’s career goal.
7) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
What would the author most probably like to do in the future?
1) Write poems about difficulties of youth.
2) Work as an independent farmer.
3) Work for a local supermarket chain.
4) Do a job that brings her satisfaction.
Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
Examples with Nelson Mandela and Robinson Crusoe are mentioned by the author to
1) illustrate wise and successful career choices.
2) prove how important it is not to lose hope.
3) inspire teenagers to believe in their own effort.
4) show what to do in extreme circumstances.
9) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
What conclusion does the author make?
1) Make a wise choice when thinking of your future profession.
2) Look for an activity that makes you happy.
3) Do not forget about the happiness of other people.
4) Be careful not to make a mistake when trying new things.
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| Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами В4-В10 соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения. TEST 02 (part 1) |
Choosing a Career
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B4 |
Jane had always wanted to be a nurse and help people in need. Her father, however, thought that nursing was not a suitable profession for her. |
PERSON |
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B5 |
When she left school, she was offered a job as a doctor’s receptionist. |
OFFER |
|
B6 |
Jane didn’t want to take the job, so she decided to talk to her friend Ann about what she should do. |
NOT WANT |
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B7 |
When Jane came to Ann’s house, Ann met her in the garden. ‘Hello, Jane! You look so unhappy! What are you thinking about?’ |
THINK |
|
B8 |
While Jane was explaining her problem, Ann’s mother shouted to the girls to come over. |
EXPLAIN |
|
B9 |
She said that Ann’s father had had an accident and he was in hospital. |
HAVE |
|
B10 |
When they arrived at the hospital, Jane was amazed to see her father sitting on the bed in a very good mood. ‘Oh, Jane, the nurses here are really wonderful. And I think …’ Jane smiled. She knew what her father was going to tell her. |
SIT |
