Bill bingo and bram егэ ответы - Помощь в подготовке к экзаменам и поступлению


Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST 25 ( part 3)

Bill, Bingo and Bram

Bill Smith had a A22 way with dogs, a kind of power over them. They would sit in awe of him, would listen to him and would slink away sheepishly if they had growled near him. It was a skill I had cause to be thankful for once or twice. The odd thing was that Bram, the last dog Bill owned, had died in 1925 — fifty years distant.

Bill was a retired, A23 lifelong bachelor. He lived alone in the small terraced house next door but two from us. A24 On a number of occasions, I visited Bill’s house, and it seemed that it hadn’t really changed much from the 50s. There were hints that some articles had been undisturbed apart A25 from the occasional silverfish or visiting woodlouse, since the 1930s.

Almost forgotten amid the clutter of pipe cleaners, matches, spills, bits of wire, tea coupons and old Yale keys was a very small dark photo of a black mongrel dog, lying in a backyard. A white stripe down its nose and in between its ears was one of the few ways it was distinguishable from the background gloom. This was Bram, Bill told me, his dog.

Through the years, my family had a. total of four dogs. We actually had no photographs whatever of the first two. Dogs had only played walk-on parts in my family. As far as I was A27 concerned, the all defining object in a house was a television. There was one in Bill’s house. It stood like a lonely, redundant sentinel in a dank corner of his empty living room and seemed cold and unused. When I asked Bill what he watched, he answered that the set didn’t work, it needed a new plug, and he hadn’t A28 bothered to get it fixed. And what’s more, he didn’t miss it. To me this was unimaginable — how could a person have a TV and not use it?

A22	1) way Have a way with smb/smth — иметь подход к кому-либо/чему-либо; устоявшееся выражение	2) control	3) method	4) skill
A23	1) long-lasting продолжительный	2) longterm долгосрочный	3) long-life долговечный	4) lifelong пожизненный
A24	1) On On a number of occasions — Врядеслучаев; устоявшеесявыражение	2) At	3) With	4) For
A25	1) for	2) with	3) from Apart from — порознь от; только from подходит здесь по смыслу и грамматически	4) of
A26	1) in	2) on On closer examination — при более тщательном рассмотрении; другие три предлога не могут быть здесь употреблены ни по смыслу ни грамматически	3) at	4) by
A27	1) regarded	2) concerned As far as I (smb) am concerned — насколько мне известно; устоявшееся выражение	3) told	4) asked
A28	1) suggested Suggest — предлагать	2) succeeded Succeed — преуспевать	3) bothered Bother — хлопотать, беспокоиться	4) minded Mind — возражать

Источник

Задание 47 на подготовку к ЕГЭ по английскому. В тексте имеются пропуски слов. Для каждого пропуска даны несколько вариантов. Определите, какой вариант верный.

ЗаданиеОтвет

Bill, Bingo and Bram

Bill Smith had a WAY / CONTROL / METHOD / SKILL with dogs, a kind of power over them. They would sit in awe of him, would listen to him and would slink away sheepishly if they had growled near him. It was a skill I had cause to be thankful for once or twice. The odd thing was that Bram, the last dog Bill owned, had died in 1925 — fifty years distant.

Bill was a retired, LONG-LASTING / LONGTERM / LONG-LIFE / LIFELONG bachelor. He lived alone in the small terraced house next door but two from us. ON / AT / WITH / FOR a number of occasions, I visited Bill’s house, and it seemed that it hadn’t really changed much from the 50s. There were hints that some articles had been undisturbed apart FOR / WITH / FROM / OF the occasional silverfish or visiting woodlouse, since the 1930s.

Through the years, my family had a total of four dogs. We actually had no photographs whatsoever of the first two. Dogs had only played walk-in parts in my family. As far as I was REGARDED / CONCERNED / TOLD / ASKED, the all defining object in a house was a television. There was one in Bill’s house. It stood like a lonely, redundant sentinel in a dank corner of his empty living room and seemed cold and unused. When I asked Bill what he watched, he answered that the set didn’t work, it needed a new plug, and he hadn’t SUGGESTED / SUCCEEDED / BOTHERED / MINDED to get it fixed. And what’s more, he didn’t miss it. To me this was unimaginable — how could a person have a TV and not use it?

Bill, Bingo and Bram

Bill Smith had a WAY with dogs, a kind of power over them. They would sit in awe of him, would listen to him and would slink away sheepishly if they had growled near him. It was a skill I had cause to be thankful for once or twice. The odd thing was that Bram, the last dog Bill owned, had died in 1925 — fifty years distant.

Bill was a retired, LIFELONG bachelor. He lived alone in the small terraced house next door but two from us. ON a number of occasions, I visited Bill’s house, and it seemed that it hadn’t really changed much from the 50s. There were hints that some articles had been undisturbed apart FROM the occasional silverfish or visiting woodlouse, since the 1930s.

Through the years, my family had a total of four dogs. We actually had no photographs whatsoever of the first two. Dogs had only played walk-in parts in my family. As far as I was CONCERNED, the all defining object in a house was a television. There was one in Bill’s house. It stood like a lonely, redundant sentinel in a dank corner of his empty living room and seemed cold and unused. When I asked Bill what he watched, he answered that the set didn’t work, it needed a new plug, and he hadn’t BOTHERED to get it fixed. And what’s more, he didn’t miss it. To me this was unimaginable — how could a person have a TV and not use it?

Источник

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 1-7. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 1-7, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Выберите один из 4 вариантов ответа.

Bill, Bingo and Bram

Bill Smith had a (32) ________ with dogs, a kind of power over them. They would sit in awe of him, would listen to him and would slink away sheepishly if they had growled near him. It was a skill I had cause to be thankful for once or twice. The odd thing was that Bram, the last dog Bill owned, had died in 1925 — fifty years distant.

waycontrolmethodskill

Bill was a retired, (33) ________ bachelor.

long-lastinglongtermlong-lifelifelong

He lived alone in the small terraced house next door but two from us. (34) ________ a number of occasions, I visited Bill’s house, and it seemed that it hadn’t really changed much from the 50s.

OnAtWithFor

There were hints that some articles had been undisturbed apart (35) ________ the occasional silverfish or visiting woodlouse, since the 1930s.

forwithfromof

He had a picture of a dog in the small converted kitchen which housed his huge solid pillowed chair, newspapers protruding from beneath its seat cushion. It was among one or two other small photos, which (36) ________ closer examination were photos of seventeen year old Bill. Almost forgotten amid the clutter of pipe cleaners, matches, spills, bits of wire, tea coupons and old Yale keys was a very small dark photo of a black mongrel dog, lying in a backyard. A white stripe down its nose and in between its ears was one of the few ways it was distinguishable from the background gloom. This was Bram, Bill told me, his dog.

inon atby

Through the years, my family had a total of four dogs. We actually had no photo-graphs whatever of the first two. Dogs had only played walk-on parts in my family. As far as I was (37) ________ , the all defining object in a house was a television. There was one in Bill’s house. It stood like a lonely, redundant sentinel in a dank corner of his empty living room and seemed cold and unused.

regardedconcernedtoldasked

When I asked Bill what he watched, he answered that the set didn’t work, it needed a new plug, and he hadn’t (38) ________ to get it fixed. And what’s more, he didn’t miss it. To me this was unimaginable — how could a person have a TV and not use it?

suggestedsucceededbotheredminded

Источник

Раздел 1. АУДИРОВАНИЕ

Во время выполнения теста по аудированию перед каждым заданием дана пауза с тем, чтобы вы смогли просмотреть вопросы к заданию, а также паузы после первичного и повторного предъявления аудиотекста для внесения ответов. По окончании выполнения всего раздела «Аудирование» перенесите свои ответы в Бланк ответов.

Вы услышите 6 Высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего 1—6 И утверждениями, данными в списке А—G. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соотВетствующей буквой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

A. School uniforms take away our individuality.

B. I don’t have anything against school uniforms.

C. I think everybody should wear school uniforms.

D. I regret not wearing a uniform at school.

E. My attitude to uniforms has changed.

F. I consider uniform useless.

G. I have mixed feeling about uniforms.

Говорящий	1	2	3	4	5	6
Утверждение

Вы услышите разговор друзей. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений Al — А7 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

I1I2I3I

I A2 I Registration for the race has already started.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

Вариант 5 A2

I1I2I3I

I A3 I Mike expects about 250 people to register for the race by next weekend.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

Вариант 5 АЗ

I1I2I3I

A4 I [t is necessary to start the race in a warm place.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

Вариант 5

The race will take place in half a month.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

подпись: вариант 5 a5
i1i2i3i
вариант 5 а6
i1igpi
вариант 5 а7
илз A5 I Mike is not satisfied with the present Mayor.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

I A6 I Midsummer Park has good eating facilities.

1) Tme 2) False 3) Not stated

I A7 I The athletes will be able to take a break and to relax at the train station car park.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

Al	A2	A3	A4	A5	A6	A7

Вы услышите рассказ популярной киноактрисы о своей семье. В заданиях А8— А14 обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

Вариант 5	I A8 I The narrator makes it clear that
A8	1) children in Los Angeles do not respect adults.
PI2PI	2) calling adults by their last names is too familiar.
	3) her children aren’t allowed to call adults by their first names.
Вариант 5	I A9 I The narrator teaches her children
A9	1) to be careful with their money.
PPPI	2) to make their own decisions about spending money.
	3) to buy things at the farmer’s market.
Вариант 5	I AlO I The narrator learned not to humiliate children from
AlO I яI λ I — I	1) her own experience.
I1I2I3I	2) her children’s friends’ mothers.
	3) her own mother.
Вариант 5	I All I The narrator wanted to play a part of Susan because
All	1) Susan was an animated character.
I1I2I3I	2) she wanted to show that women can be independent.
	3) she wanted to play a part of a hero.
Вариант 5	IA121 The narrator takes her children to church because she wants them
A12	1) to be part of a community.
I1I2I3I	2) to share their personal experience.
	3) to struggle for their future.
Вариант 5	IA131 The narrator says that her mother

1) used to read books to her when she was little.

2) is the only one who supports her.

3) is extremely talkative.

5. While the majority of scuba diving is recreation, there are those who do it for a living as well. Scientific exploration and research is another area with a lot of scuba diving demand. They spend a lot of time in the water watching sea life cycles, and how microorganisms fit the whole underwater environment. There are also others who work in constructing underwater platforms that are often used for research as well as offshore oil.

6. Surfing is a sport which is undertaken by almost every individual in the US. This term is often referred to as a surface water sport in which the person surfing is chrried along the face of a breaking ocean wave standing on a surfboard. Surfboards can also be used on rivers on standing waves. Some people practise this as a hobby while others become professional surfers.

7. If you’re interested in snowboarding, you will need to find out which length and width board is best for you. Both of these factors are critical, to the success of snowboarding. Be aware that shorter boards are easier to manoeuvre, therefore making them great if you are just learning to snowboard. When it comes to width, it is important to consider foot size when choosing the width of a board.

1	2	3	4	5	6	7

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1—6 частями предложений, обозначенными буквами A—G. Одна из частей в списке A—G лишняя. Перенесите ответы в таблицу.

Moscow University is one of the oldest Russian institutions Ofhigher education. It was named after Academician Mikhail Lomonosov, 1.

Mikhail Lomonosov was a person of formidable willpower and keen scientific mind, 2 Lomonosov’s interests ranged from history, art and

Poetry to mechanics and chemistry. His activity was a manifestation of the enormous potential of Russia, 3_

Peter I the Great had reformed Russia, 4—,. Great importance was placed on education. In 1724 the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences established a university and a grammar school to educate intellectuals and researchers the country needed.

However, these educational establishments ;did not fulfil the task they had taken on. It was Michail Lomonosov who suggested the idea of establishing a university in Moscow. According to Lomonosov’s plan,. there were originally three faculties. First all the students acquired a comprehensive knowledge in the field of science and humanities at the Faculty of Philosophy. Then they could specialize and continue at the Faculty of Philosophy or join either the Law Faculty or the Faculty of Medicine. The best students were sent to continue, their education abroad, establishing contacts with the international scientific community.

From the very beginning elitism was alien to the very spirit of the University community, 5. The Decree stated that the university was to educate commoners. Originally tuition at Moscow University was free for all students; later only poor students. were exempt from tuition fees. The state funding did not cover all the University expenses and it was partly funded’ by its patrons, 6. University alumni supported their alma mater through hard times raising money by public subscriptions.

Moscow University played an outstanding role in popularizing science and learning in Russia. Professors of Moscow University greatly contributed to establishing new cultural centres in Moscow and Russia.

A. That was highly respected by foreign scientists

B. Which determined long-standing democratic tradition

C. Which allowed the country to reach high standards in many spheres

D. Whose scientists occupied the leading positions in the world

E. Whose lifelong passion was learning

F. Who donated equipment and established scholarships for University students

G. Who greatly contributed to its establishment

1	2	3	4	5	6

Прочитайте рассказ и выполните задания А15—А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.

Cordia Harrington was tired of standing up all day and smelling like French fries at night. A property developer, she also owned and operated three McDonald’s franchises in Illinois, but as a divorced mother of three boys, she yearned for a business that would provide for her children and let her spend more time with them.

Her aha moment struck, strangely enough, after she was nominated in 1992 to be on the McDonald’s Bun Committee. ‘The other franchisees, all men, thought that was hilarious because of the word Bun,’ she recalls. ‘But the joke was on them. They didn’t know the company would be picking me up in a corporate jet to see bakeries around the world. Every time I went to a meeting, I loved it. This was global!’

The experience opened her eyes to business possibilities. When McDonald’s decided it wanted a new bun supplier, Harrington became determined to win the contract, even though she had no experience running a bakery. ‘You see a tiny crack in the door, and you have to run through it,’ she says. ‘I really believed I could do this.’

Harrington studied the bakery business and made sure she was never off executives’ radar. ‘If you have a dream, you can’t wait for people to call you,’ she says. ‘So I’d visit a mill and send them photos of myself in a baker’s hat and jacket, holding a sign that said T want to be your baker’.’ After four years and 32 interviews, her persistence paid off.

Harrington sealed the deal with a handshake, sold her franchises, invested everything she owned, and borrowed $13.5 million. She was ready to build the fastest, most automated bakery in the world.

The Tennessee Bun Company opened ahead of schedule in 1997, in time for a slump in US fast-food sales for McDonald’s. Before Harrington knew it, she was down to her last $20,000, not enough to cover payroll. And her agreement with McDonald’s required that she sell exclusively to the company. ‘I cried myself to sleep many nights,’ she recalls. ‘I really did think I was going to go bankrupt.’

But Harrington worked out an agreement to supply Pepperidge Farm as well. ‘McDonald’s could see a benefit if our production went up and prices went down, and no benefit if we went out of business,’ she says. ‘That deal saved us.’

Over the next eight years, Harrington branched out even more. She started her own trucking business, added a cold-storage company, and now she has three bakeries producing fresh buns and frozen dough—all now known as the Bun Companies.

Speed is still a priority: It takes 11 people at the main bakery to turn out 60,000 buns an hour for clients across 40 states, South America, and the Caribbean.

Grateful for the breaks she’s had, Harrington is passionate about providing opportunities to all 230 employees. ‘Financial success is the most fun when you can give it away,’ she says. ‘We had a project that came in under budget one year, and we gave each of our project managers a car with a big bow!’

The current economy, Harrington acknowledges, is challenging. Some of her clients’ sales have declined, but she’s found new clients and improved efficiencies to help sustain the company’s double-digit growth.

Cordia Harrington doesn’t have to stand on her feet all day anymore. Her sons are now 27, 25, and 23; two of them work for her. And she’s remarried —her husband, Tom, formerly her CPA, is now her CFO.

‘This is more than a job,’ says Harrington. ‘It’s a mission. I’m always thinking, ‘How can we best serve our employees?’ If we support them, they’ll do their best to look after our clients. That’s how it works here.’

(Adapted from ‘How Bread Made Her a Millionaire ’ by Margaret Heffernan)

Вариант 5	[А15]	Cordia Harrington was not satisfied with her position because
A15 I1I2I3Hi		1) she was a divorced mother of three boys. 2) she could not provide for her children.
Вариант 5	\|АТб]	3) she owned three McDonald’s franchises. 4) she was very busy at work. The McDonald’s bun committee was intended
A16 I1I2I3I4I		1) to buy buns from foreign suppliers. 2) to discuss global problems in baking.
Вариант 5	[АП]	3) to oversee the production of buns in other countries. 4) to attract franchisees to the bakery business. Cordelia Harrington won the contract because
A17 I1I2I3I4I		1) she studied the bakery business. 2) she was an experienced baker.
Вариант 5	[aT8~∣	3) she was persistent in achieving her aim. 4) she gave lots of interviews. The Tennessee Bun Company opened
A18 1I2I3I4I		1) when there was a decrease in fast-food sales for McDonald’s. 2) when US fast-food sales for McDonald’s increased.
Вариант 5	[A19^∣	3) later than it had been planned. 4) after Harrington had spent her last $20,000. Harrington didn’t go bankrupt because
А19 1I2I3I4I		1) she sold exclusively to McDonald’s. 2) she started to supply another client.
Вариант 5	IА201	3) she started her own trucking business. 4) she raised prices. Harrington is passionate
А20 1I2I3HI		1) to provide opportunities for her business. 2) to give away all her money.

3) to make her employees work fast.

4) to support the people who work for her.

A211 Cordia Harrington has had some difficulties because

1) they had a project that came in under budget.

2) she has had to sustain the company’s double-digit growth.

3) some of her clients’ sales have decreased.

4) she has remarried.

Вариант 5 A21

1 I 2 I 3 I 4 I

А15	А16	А17	А18	Al 9	А20	А21

По окончании выполнения заданий В2, ВЗ и А15—А21 НЕ ЗАБУДЬТЕ ПЕРЕНЕСТИ СВОИ ОТВЕТЫ В БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1! ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ, что ответы на задания В2—ВЗ, А15—А21 располагаются в разных, частях Бланка.

Earthquake Strikes Southern Iran
I B4 I	This is the latest news from BBC. An earthquake_____________ The southern port city of Bandar Abbas in Iran, cutting power and telephone lines.	STRIKE
I B5 I	Emergency teams____________________ (already) up all over The city. They report on the situation in Bandar Abbas every half hour.	SET
≡	At the moment they________________ people, suffering from Injuries. Fortunately, there are no reported deaths in this quake.	HELP
И	Iran ______________ ; on seismic fault lines and is prone to Earthquakes.	LOCATE
И	On average one earthquake ______________ , the country Each day, although most are minor tremors and are often in sparsely populated regions. The deadliest quake to hit Iran in recent years was in 2003,	HIT
I B9 I	When 25,000 people _________________ in a 6.7-magnitude Quake in Bam. This is a breaking news update. Check back soon for	DIE
I BlO I	_________ . ■Information.	FAR

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В4— BlO так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В4—В10.

	Conflict
I Bii I	Conflict is a part of life. It exists as a reality of any relationship, and is not j_________________________ bad.	NECESSARY
B12∣	In fact a relationship with no apparent conflict may be than one with frequent conflict.	HEALTHY
[≡]	Conflicts can be________________ , creating deeper un- Derstanding, closeness and respect.	PRODUCT
[≡	However, they can also be destructive, causing resentment, and pain.	HOSTILE
B15∣	Conflicts run all the way from minor differences to critical fights and conflict_____________________ is a skill that can be Useful in all aspects of living.	RESOLVE
[Ид	If conflict can be avoided in any way, it’s better to go for it. , sometimes it is the only way to im-	FORTUNATE

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами Bll— В16 так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В11—В16.

Prove a situation with someone who is hurting you or doing you wrong.

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами Л22—А28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22—А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите Номер Выбранного Вами Варианта Ответа.

Bill, Bingo and Bram

Bill Smith had a ∣A221________ with dogs, a kind of power over them. They

Would sit in awe of him, would listen to him and would slink away sheepishly if they had growled near him. It was a skill I had cause to be thankful for once or twice. The odd thing was that Bram, the last dog Bill owned, had died in 1925 — fifty years distant.

Bill was a retired, ∣A231Bachelor. He lived alone in the small terraced

House next door but two from us. ∣A241________ a number of occasions, I visited

Bill’s house, and it seemed that it hadn’t really changed much from the 50s. There were hints that some articles had been undisturbed apart ∣ A25 [The occasional silverfish or visiting woodlouse, since the 1930s.

Were photos of seventeen year old Bill.

Almost forgotten amid the clutter of pipe cleaners, matches, spills, bits Of wire, tea coupons and old Yale keys was a very small dark photo of a black mongrel dog, lying in a backyard. A white stripe down its nose and in between its ears was one of the few ways it was distinguishable from the background gloom. This was Bram, Bill told me, his dog.

Through the years, my family had a total of four dogs. We actually had no photographs whatever of the first two. Dogs had only played walk-on parts in my family. As far as I was ∣A271______ ( the all defining object in a house was a tele

Vision. There was one in Bill’s house. It stood like a lonely, redundant sentinel in a dank corner of his empty living room and seemed cold and unused. When I asked Bill what he watched, he answered that the set didn’t work, it needed a new plug, and he hadn’t ∣ A281 to get it fixed. And what’s more, he didn’t miss

It. To me this was unimaginable —how could a person have a TV and not use it?

По окончании выполнения заданий В4—В16, A22~A28 НЕ ЗАБУДЬТЕ ПЕРЕНЕСТИ СВОИ ОТВЕТЫ В БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1! ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ, что ответы на задания В4—В16, А22—А28 располагаются в разных частях Бланка. При переносе ответов в заданиях В4—В16 буквы записываются без пробелов и знаков препинания.

2) control 3) method 4) way

∣A23∣	1) lifelong	2) longterm	3) long-life	4) long-lasting
	1) On	2) At	3) With	4) For
FA25^∣	1) for	2) with	3) from	4) of
[^A26^]	1) in	2) on	3) at	4) by
[A27∣	1) regarded	2) concerned	3) told	4) asked
[А28]	1) suggested	2) succeeded	3) bothered	4) minded

A22	A23	A24	A25	A26	A27	A28

!.1I2I3I4I
Вариант 5 A23
	I2I3I4I
Вариант 5 A24
1	I2I3I4I
Вариант 5 A25
E	I2I3I4I
Вариант 5 A26
E	I2I3I4I
Вариант 5 А27
LL	I2I3I4I
Вариант 5 А28
E	I2I3I4I

Раздел 4. ПИСЬМО

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I Cl I You have20minutestodothistask.

You have received a letter from your English pen friend Julia who writes:

Guess what? Γm coming to Russia in August with my parents. You know I’m especially interested in Russian art and it’s a wonderful chance to visit some art galleries and museums. What would you recommend me to visit? Is museum entrance fee high in Moscow? Are there any discounts for students?

Well, I must finish now because I’ve got an exam tomorrow. Write back soon and tell me all your news.

Write back to Julia.

In your letter

— answer her questions

— ask 3 questions About her journey to Russia

Write 100—140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

Источник

Bill, Bingo and Bram

by
Chris Maitland

Bill Smith had a way with dogs, a kind of power over them. They would
sit in awe of him, would listen to him, would slink
away sheepishly if they had growled near him. It was a skill I had cause to be thankful for once or twice. The odd thing was, that Bram, the last dog Bill owned had died in 1925 —
fifty years distant.
     Bill was a retired, life long bachelor. He lived alone
in the small terraced house next door but two from us. On a number of
occasions, I visited Bill’s house, and it seemed that it hadn’t really changed
much from the 50s. There were hints that some articles had been undisturbed
apart from the occasional silverfish or visiting woodlouse, since the 1930s.
     He had a picture of a dog in the small converted
kitchen which housed his huge solid pillowed chair, newspapers protruding from
beneath its seat cushion. It was among one or two other small photos. On closer
examination these were:
     A grey snap of seventeen year old Bill, grey in flat
cap, sitting on grey grass with a winsome girl wearing her hair in grey bangs,
and a cloche hat.
     A brown photo of a young boy in Edwardian dress, his
head tilted back slightly, despite his stiff collar, with a too-small school
cap perched on his head. Bill said it was him, but it looked like another
person altogether.
     Almost forgotten amid the clutter of pipe cleaners,
matches, spills, bits of wire, tea coupons and old Yale keys was a very small
dark photo of a black mongrel dog, lying in a back yard. A white stripe down
its nose and in between its ears was one of the few ways it was distinguishable
from the background gloom. This was Bram, Bill told me, his dog.
     «Or my brother Frank’s
dog, if everyone had their own.»
     Through the years, my family had a total of four dogs.
We actually had no photographs whatever of the first two.
     Yogi had departed before I could really remember him.
     Rex was next — My only memory of him was drawing on
him in biro when I ran out of paper. He loved it.
     Rusty ran away never to be seen again, and Benny —
well, he deserves a story of his own.

< 2
>

     Dogs had only played walk on parts
in my family. As far as I was concerned the all defining object in a house was
a television. There was one in Bill�s house. It stood like a lonely, redundant
sentinel in a dank corner of his empty living room and seemed cold and unused.
When I asked Bill what he watched, he answered that the set didn’t work, it
needed a new plug or some such, and he hadn’t bothered to get it fixed. And
what’s more, he didn’t miss it. To me this was unimaginable — how could a
person have a TV and not use it?
     «Radio’s best,» Bill would wheeze, «you
can’t beat old steam radio …»
     What Bill did for much of the day, when there was life
and bustle outside, if the children were off school for example, was he stood
in his slippers, leaning against the wall just inside his gate, and would chat
and banter with anyone who cared to do so. He wasn’t the only one. People would
stand in the backs, they would go to their gates and chat, or chat outside
someone else’s gate. It was life.
     Bill rarely left his garden gate unlocked, but most of
us could unlock it if, as sometimes happened, a football went into his back
yard. He had little tolerance for trespassing animals in his back yard, and
kept a squeezy bottle of water handy with which he
would repel cats. It seemed odd that he didn’t get many feline visitors,
particularly as his neighbour Mrs
Deakin had a menagerie of some fourteen cats, not to
mention a flock of pigeons on her roof.
     For some reason, the cats stayed out of Bill’s yard.
     They felt no compunction about using our back yard as
a lavatory, however, and my Father would regularly extract cat droppings from
amid our tired rose bushes, and tip the lot over Mrs Deakin’s wall.
     «There, it belongs to her, now she’s got it
back,» he would say.
     Though Bill wasn’t much of a shot with his squeezy bottle, his yard remained curiously cat free and I
sometimes wondered whether the cats had such an awful experience in Bill’s yard
that they had determined never to make the mistake of returning. Bill would
mutter darkly on occasion about ‘doing a cat in’ if he caught one, but I knew
he never would — and knew he never had.

< 3
>

     Bill would tell us stories of his
work, of holidays, of his biggest adventure, which involved travelling
across the Irish Sea to the Isle of Man
in stormy seas. He had been young with men who still lived a few doors from
him. He would tell us how, as a sleeping child he was lifted from his bed, and
placed on his father’s shoulders to see a German Zeppelin fly overhead during
the Great War, and of how as a young man, he had continued working as a painter
and decorator up in the Westlands during the Great
Strike in 1926.
     «I heard some fuss down in the town, but I let ‘em get on with it — daft buggers.»
     Bill dispensed with the whole matter of industrial
relations:
     «Honest day�s work, fer
a honest day’s pay,» he intoned, solemnly, and sounding the ‘h’ in
‘honest’ — causing secret amusement in my brothers and myself.
     Bill knew everything. Later, as an older teenager, I
would joke with my father about Bill’s encyclopaedic
knowledge. We took him out for a drink at a country pub in the summer, and we
sat outside, where a railway line ran alongside the beer garden, deep at the
bottom of a cutting. When our conversation was cut into by the sound of trains
burrowing through the cut in the earth, Bill checked his watch.
     «That’s the 6.20 from Crewe,»
he said, nursing an unfiltered Park Drive
in his brown coated fingers- then another glance at his watch, «He’s ten
minutes late.»
     My Father and I exchanged smiles, and would later
laugh, once Bill had shuffled off up the backs, and his green gate had closed.
     Bill knew sporting figures too, and had a particular
penchant for telling us about his latest encounters with local football
players, particularly Gordon Banks, Jimmy Greenhoff
or Denis Smith of Stoke City.

     «I saw Denis down Stoke the other day when I was
going to the market,» the tale
     would begin,
     «‘Denis’, I shouted, he saw me from across the
street,
     ‘How you doing Bill?’ he shouted.
     ‘You want to sharpen up on defending against crosses
from the left,’ I told him, ‘that goal as got in on Saturday wouldn’t ‘ave ‘appened! Mark my words.’
     ‘Right you are Bill!’ he said.»
     Bill had advice for everyone — often whether it was
sought or not — but he was so much one of nature’s gentlemen that he was
impossible to resist. You found yourself nodding sagely, and tracing the
patterns of the end of his animated index finger, in receipt of the raised
eyebrows, the thorough showmanship of Bill Smith righting the wrongs of the
world.

< 4
>

Bill was in actual fact, not so
much a man of the world, as a man of Basford and Hartshill, but here was a life lived in an extraordinary
richness of simplicity, a wealth of minute experience and also, I always felt,
a whole ocean of experience that only Bill knew of, with which he sat at night
in his back room alone, and unpacked secretly like a cut glass set, and
repacked again before morning.
I felt that there was more to Bill than he ever let
on. *

When we first moved into Victoria
Street, our arrival was marked by two things.
     One — within minutes , I was
ordered to fetch my mother a packet of cigarettes.
     Norman Bettany, the owner of
the small grocer’s next door one, sporting grey shop coat and brilliantined hair, shook my hand and said,
     «Welcome to Basford»

     It was the sort of gesture I can’t imagine receiving
now.
     Two — Bingo, the dog who had lived in our house with
its previous occupants, started to pay us unannounced and traumatic visits.
This gave Bill an opportunity to demonstrate his way with dogs.
     Bingo had already left us a fair memorial to his
former guardianship of the house in the form of scored scratch marks at paw
level on the outside of the kitchen door — which opened on to the yard. It was
from here a few days after unpacking most of our belongings, that we heard
scratching and desperate grunting and moaning. When the window was checked,
there once again was Bingo, a refugee from his own destiny, seeking a way back
to what he knew and was sure of.
     The first time, we had little clue as to Bingo’s demeanour when he discovered that his territory, and that
of his master and mistress, was now under the occupancy of an invading force,
who would deny him what he still saw as his legitimate home.
     In short, Bingo turned exceptionally nasty. When he
saw our heads pop up in the window frame, instead of the reassuring features of
his owners, he had an expression of bewilderment. His eyes, if ever a dog could
do this — became wide with shock and incomprehension, which, as he was
approached, festered into vicious disappointment, bile and acrid resentment.

< 5
>

     His other characteristic, we soon
learned, was tenacity. Bingo was not going to be put off by the mere fact of
his home now being taken over by strangers — he would not leave. Though he
never actually got into the house, his intentions clear enough if he should
ever do so — with militant paws planted on the cold grey slabs of the yard, and
a baring of his teeth — he was for storming this citadel. There could be no
returning to what was now his future — he would savage all comers in a do or
die attempt to seek the familiar comfort he was convinced still lay inside.
     My father tried to persuade Bingo to leave.
     Dad was from the ‘if they growl, then you growl
louder’ school of canine diplomacy. He first tried yelling and growling loudly
at Bingo. Gesticulating wildly and throwing imaginary objects (they appeared to
be imaginary house bricks) at Bingo, my Dad was sure he could see him off. This
only fuelled Bingo’s confused rage, and it was seconds before my Dad was
retreating to the
     safe side of the kitchen door, Bingo’s insistent
clawing pinning us all inside like sniper fire.
     Dad decided that it was time for an armoured assault. He sought the whereabouts of my brother’s
pushchair, and wheeled it in front of him, wielding a mop over the top, with
which to prod the dog steadily back, and gradually away, and out of our yard.
     Bingo was not intimidated. The
impersonal nature of the goliath now emerging from his own home — attacking and
repelling him — only added further fuel to the fury burning in his brain.
He grabbed the mop head in his jaws, and began a fiery, frenzied show of temper
and torment as he mauled and shook it.
     My Father was forced eventually to concede that the armoured assault only gained a little ground in what was a war
of attrition. The yard was narrow by the kitchen, and Bingo could not get past
the steadily advancing pushchair, but as the end of the house was reached, the
yard opened up, and Bingo could attack from the sides.
     Then a grey haired head peered through our thin
straggly rose bushes. It was Bill, a cigarette in the corner of his mouth.

< 6
>

     I subconsciously thought it odd to
see Bill any where outside his home — I had actually never seen him anywhere
but within about 10 yards of his house. He rarely ventured even outside of his
backyard domain, but the fuss next-door but two drew him. Seeing him now was
like looking at a lost member of Captain Scott’s Antarctic Expedition — not only
that, but he was walking straight into a mantrap in his carpet slippers.
     Bingo was in no mood to be talked down, won over with tid bits, clucked at, cooed over or asked:
     «Whassamarrer then yer silly lad? Eh, whassup
with him then?»
     Dad called over the rose trellis work which arched
unsteadily across our shoulder high wall:
     «I should leave well enough alone here,
Bill!»
     Bill peeked between the gaps in the trellis:
     «Oh, it’s only old Bingo! What the dickens are
you doing here, you daft bugger?»
     «He’ll have you, Bill, he’s gone for me — you
want to see what he did to the mop as I was keeping him back with!»
     Bingo was anxiously glancing from one to the other,
from Dad to Bill and back again. He had his mouth open, and his tongue hanging
as he panted, his longer teeth visible.
     The dog was waiting for one of the men to make a move.

     «Barrie,
let me tell yer, I’m not much good with babies, I’m
hopeless with cars, but dogs … well, I’ve got a way with dogs,» said
Bill, and he pinched out the cigarette nub, and placed it behind his ear.
     Bill moved to open our back yard gate, and my Dad was
alarmed,
     «Bill, leave it, I mean it! He’ll bloody have
you!»
     By now, Bingo had lost all sense of his original
mission, and was hell bent on a vengeance which he had lost control of. Bingo
noticed that Bill had disappeared from the wall, and detected the movement of
the gate handle. The dog curled his lip, and sloped toward the widening gap,
and Bill’s slippered feet.
     My Father later described Bingo’s movement as
reminding him of a hyena, shoulders hunched, head low, eyes sliding from side
to side as he kept watch on all movement around him — a low, guttural growl
creating violent mood music.
     My Father moved gently to get behind the dog, and in
particular, the dog’s hind quarters — he meant to get a good kick at Bingo’s
backside. Bill saw this, and gestured for my Father to stop. Bill walked slowly
backward away from the gate, and into the backs, and Bingo tracked him, now toe
to toe with an enemy on whom he was going to unleash his thwarted venom.

< 7
>

     I only had Dad’s account of what
happened next, as it was out of sight of the window on to our yard. He was
firmly of the opinion that Bill had bitten off more than he could chew, and
that Bingo was about to do the same. Dad took up a position of safety, looking
over our wall, and saw Bingo preparing to attack. Bill wagged the famous index
finger at the dog,
     «You’re not biting me sirree.
You come over here and I will just fetch you one.»
     Here Bill revealed a gnarled stick, about three feet
long. He didn’t wield it aggressively, but held it at his side. It seemed to
stir Bingo into decision and he lunged forward, gushing
a hoarse throaty snarl as he moved.
     There was some confusion about what happened between
Bingo’s aggressive lurch toward Bill and Bingo’s sudden acquiescence. Bill
later said he thought that the dog caught a glimpse of the stick, and had
second thoughts, but my Father didn’t agree, and told me so later.
     «That dog was headed for Bill’s leg as sure as
eggs is eggs. He’d made his move! Fully committed! »
here my Dad raised his eyebrows in appeal and reached for a footballing simile, » Look, it was like a goalkeeper
who dives full stretch across a goalmouth to stop a shot. He can’t go
backwards, if he misread the ball, he has to watch as it floats in —
right?»
     I had to agree, having seen a succession of Port Vale
goalkeepers do exactly that.
     «Right! That’s what the
dog did, only it stopped in mid flight. I’m telling
you — as sure as if it hit a wall. Stopped dead, and turned round and left Bill
alone.»
     When he heard of Bill’s account of the stick saving
him, Dad shook his head vigorously,
     «Absolutely not. The stick was what made the dog
go for him in the first place!»
     Bingo had somehow stopped, dead in the air, if you
listened to Dad. The dog then became almost cowed, wagging his tail
uncertainly, licking his chops in the way dogs do when they have been caught
digging up flower beds — his ears flat to his head, his eyes peering up from
his lowered head, lowered this time in uncertainty.

< 8
>

     He even began to tremble a little
in his hind legs.
     Within an instant, Bingo had gone from driven and
manic to unsure, and needing comfort. Bill ended up
stroking Bingo, who nuzzled against his legs, and rolled over anxiously.
     «Barrie!»
called Bill to my Dad, «I’ll keep him in my yard, you
phone Jack and Maude Colclough.»
     My Father did so, and when the Colcloughs
arrived to collect their the dog, they discovered him
sitting outside Bill’s gate. Bingo was delighted to see them, now ready to face
whatever future his new home had for him.
     «He’s been waiting out by my gate for you,»
Bill told them, «He wouldn’t come in my yard. Offered him some of my
braising steak, but he wouldn’t have it.»
     Bingo had allowed Bill to guide him up the backs, and
toward Bill’s gate, but he would not, oddly, cross the lintel. Bill had grasped
Bingo’s collar, and hauled with all his might, but Bingo dropped his weight
toward the floor, and locked his legs in forceful protest — he would not be
pulled, nor pushed, nor cajoled into the yard.
     The Colcloughs were puzzled
by Bingo’s refusal to enter Bill’s yard, and were apologetic about Bingo’s
latest return to the haunts that he could not bring himself to let go. This, however was the last time we saw the dog. After this I
assume he gave up his longing for life as it was, and, as far as I know, he
must have accepted his life as it had become.

I shared a room with my brother, Ross, from the age of
eleven until I left home, and it was several weeks after the final visit from
Bingo, when Ross broke the gathering silence of late night:
     «You still awake?»
     «No, I’m asleep, » I
replied, as always.
     «I saw something round Bill’s yesterday. I’ve
been thinking about it. I’m not sure what it is,» Ross went on.
     His voice carried the greatest degree of intensity I’d
heard since he confessed to me that he’d stolen a football magazine from the
local newsagent. Dad had found out, and he marched Ross round the corner to
confess to the newsagent.
     «Well … what?»
     «Don’t start taking the mickey
out of me,» Ross began — not being taken seriously was among his greatest
neuroses, as is the case for so many younger siblings.

< 9
>

     «I think I know why the cats
don’t go in his yard. I might even know what happened when Bingo went to bite
Bill.»
     I propped myself up on my elbow, and cast a sceptical gaze through the darkness at him.
     «Go on then, what is it?» I asked, and
couldn’t resist adding, «Summat strange and
eerie, summat as will trouble my sleep?»
     «Oh forget it, I knew you’d just start making fun
…»
     «I’m sorry,» I put in, quickly, knowing that
I may have just deprived myself of at least an amusing diversion. Ross could
take half an hour to win round from a refusal to spill the beans in cases like
this.
     «Just don’t …» he replied
     After some persuading, Ross, who in fact wanted to get
a second opinion on what he had seen, told me of the strange patch on Bill
Smith’s yard.
     «I was round Bill’s after school, before Mum got
in. It was raining, and Bill didn’t mind me waiting there,» Ross told me.
     «When I went into his yard, I saw this … sort
of shape on the ground, about two feet from Bill’s back door.
«
     «Shape? What sort? Flying saucer shape? Ghost shape?»
     -once again, I was pushing it, and I knew it, but Ross
was particularly gullible when it came to this sort of thing. He had a huge
collection of Ghost Story books, and for a few years read little else.
     Ross pressed on, he was in his stride now, and wasn’t
going to be distracted by my poor attempts at humour.

     «His yard was all wet, all the slabs, I know how
wet, ‘cos I nearly slipped as I walked down his path.
Then, just a couple of feet from his back door, there’s this patch which is
completely dry. I stood there and looked at it. The rain was running down my
nose, and down the back of my coat and soaking the backs of my legs, but …
this patch, about a foot and a half long, by about a foot wide — it was
dry!»
     I thought his story preposterous. I couldn’t see his
face, but I could imagine it, his eyes staring widely at the ceiling, his mouth
slightly agape. I kept my own counsel, I could at this point tell him what I
thought, but I had jibed at him enough for one night. I decided to say nothing.
A silence passed, and thickened as it did. I decided that if he pursued the
matter, I would let him have a ribbing of epic proportions.

< 10
>

     «What d’you
think?» Ross asked eventually.
     «It’s obvious,» I replied, «There must
have been a hole in the rain clouds — probably one, oh — a foot by a foot and a
half, what you saw …»
     But I didn’t get chance to complete my smart response.
He switched on his bedside lamp, and was sitting up looking at me, a furrow of
concern on his forehead.
     «Stop it! I know what I saw,
I’m not making this up! It can’t do that. Rain just can’t leave a patch of
dry!» Ross stood up, and walked slowly to the window, his hand near his
mouth.
     «When I knocked on Bill’s door, I looked around,
and this patch started to get spattered. By the time Bill actually opened the
door, it was wet, just like all the rest of the yard.»
     «Did you tell Bill about it?» I asked,
serious because of his agitation.
     «No.»
     There was little further comment, it was late, and we
both had to be up early next day. The business was forgotten, I gave it no more
thought until perhaps two years later.

Part of my degree course was to interview people I knew, and
try to create a documentary radio programme using my
source material. As ever, I left it very late to attend to, and finally found
my way to Bill’s house in Victoria Street, armed with tape recorder and
microphone.
     After an initial wariness, and several times being
told that I wasn’t recording when in fact I was, Bill relaxed a little, and
started into his stories. I knew many of these almost by heart, and was able to
coax him into telling familiar ones. Including the one about
the shooting incident.
     When he was a boy, Bill’s family had a dog, a mongrel
— no one in Basford in the early 1920s could have had
any other sort of dog. It had been his older brother’s originally, but his
brother joined up to fight the Kaiser, and never returned from Flanders, so the
dog had to adapt to Bill as a new companion.
     Here it came, the story I was seeking — Bill’s stories
of the dog, how he had been hunting, shooting rabbits, and the dog had gone
with him, how the dog had been present when, on an estate nearby, Bill had shot
what at a rabbit moving in long grass, only to see a cat leap several feet into
the air. To his horror, when the dead creature was found Bill realised that he had in fact shot dead the local vicar’s
cat. How the dog had won the day by the way it sat on the doorstep of the
Parsonage as Bill made his explanation, how it looked more sorry
than him. It had caught the eye of the vicar’s wife, and had somehow softened
the blow of the cat’s death. The woman had commented, ‘I could swear that dog
is in mourning for our cat. If a dog could weep, well, you’d swear that ‘un is
weeping right now.’

< 11
>

     There was an ironic fragment of
truth in what the lady said.
     The thing was, the dog only accepted Bill as a
temporary companion — of course it did not understand the fact that Bill’s
brother was never coming home. It continued waiting for him. Waiting for the
familiar footfall, waiting for the imminent return of a voice it knew and
devotedly listened for. The dog regarded the present as a state of waiting. Its
life was in a state of suspension — a kind of ‘this will have to be got through
until everything returns to the way it really should be’. Its pointless
patience was matched only by its growing detachment from everything else.
     I sat with Bill for a couple of hours, and I ran out
of tape. It was among the last times I ever visited him in his house, having
left home myself — returning to Stoke only at holidays.
     I took Bill up on his offer of a cup of tea before I
left. There was snow on the ground outside, and the temperatures had plunged. I
was shown through into the kitchen cum living area in the rear of his house,
and looked again at the collected bits and pieces of this man’s life.
     The old radio with its bakelite
casing and valves on a high shelf, the unsliced loaf
on the table, the open fire, with a butter dish nearby and the photographs on
the mantel.
     Bill as a youngster,
     Bill as a boy,
     Bill’s dog,
     Bill’s dog, lying in a dark yard, more than half a
century ago. Lying near to a door. A
narrow little yard.
     «Typical of him, that was,» Bill put in when
he saw me looking at the picture again.
     «Old Bram, he lay out there every day, come what
ever the weather was, you know! He couldn’t let go. Waited
for Frank to come back. Waited until the day he died himself, that dog.
He’d only move when I went and opened the back door, then
he’d stroll in, and wait until he could go out and wait again.»
     Bill stood alongside me, and picked up the little
frame. He looked down his nose at it.
     «Do us a favour and
pass us me glasses,» Bill asked, «It’d take me half the day to get
over there to get them. My bloody feet are no good to me these days,
particularly in this weather.»

< 12
>

     I handed Bill his specs, and he
peered at the dog, tutting to himself as he did so.
     «Aye, Old Bram, lying out in
the yard. Waiting for his life to start up
again.» He shook his head, wistfully.
     «Lay out yonder, just outside the door there. If
you could see to the sides of the picture you’d see the yard hasn’t changed all
that much. Well, my mother kept the flower beds better than me …»
     I was surprised, I had always
thought Bill’s family had lived in Clare Street,
a street up from this one.
     «Oh, we did, but we moved when I was a baby. I
can’t remember ever living there.»
     I looked out of the window into Bill’s back yard. I
could see the back door. Bram had lain in this yard, just near to the door. Just a couple of feet from the door.

On my way home, stepping carefully through the ice and snow,
I turned thoughts this way and that.
     Ross and his patch of dry path in
the rain.
     Cats rarely went into Bill’s yard.
     Bingo’s sudden halt in mid attack, and refusal to
enter Bill’s gate.
     I thought of all of us.
     Bill, living in his bubble in time,
powered by old steam radio and Woodbines.
     Bingo — wanting to attack the present, and curl up in
his past.
     I thought of myself, waiting for my life to start.
     One day, I thought, one day, things will be different
for me. But only if I make it so. I was no longer a
boy, but I still thought like one. I still thought of myself as one. I took
myself terribly seriously, but knew deep within, that no one else did. I kept
trying to re-invent myself, but I never created a me
that could last more than a few months, then it was back to this … boy.
     How far was I willing to let go and move on?
     Perhaps I might find myself a comfortable place, and
lie there, and forever wait for the footfalls of my destiny to come and find
me. But it could, I thought, take a long time — a lifetime of waiting. Did I
want to wait like Bram still did?
     Because he still did.
     Through winters, through summers —
fifty odd of them.
     Bram still waited out there.
     top

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Продолжаем нашу рубрику ФИПИ ответы и предлагаем вашему вниманию новую статью «At home ЕГЭ: детальный разбор и ответы». В ней вы познакомитесь с парочкой фразовых глаголов, устойчивым выражением, а также выучите предложные управления нескольких существительных. Уже не терпится начать? Тогда за дело!

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At home ЕГЭ: детальный разбор и ответы

В тексте «At home ЕГЭ», который представлен на сайте ФИПИ, используется старая нумерация A22-A28, как вы можете видеть на изображении. При разборе мы заменили ее на новую A32-A38.

А32. Приступим к первому заданию. Оно проверяет знание фразового глагола look forward to – с нетерпением ожидать чего-либо.

Harry hadn’t been A32 _______ forward to the holidays.

Ответ:

seeing
looking
watching
glancing

С ним можно строить предложения следующим образом:

look forward to + сущ.
look forward to + V-ing

Ответ: looking

A33. Перейдем к следующему заданию. Как обычно, посмотрим на слово после пропуска.

…but also because it meant A33 _______ to No. 27 Ashton Road.

Ответ:

replacing
returning
restoring
removing

Там идет предлог to, который обычно употребляется только после одного из этих 4 глаголов. И это return to smth – возвращаться к чему-либо. Также можно встретить и такое построение предложения: return smth to smb – возвращать что-то кому-то.

Ответ уже очевиден, но все же давайте разберемся с остальными глаголами.

replace — заменять, замещать (by smb, with smth)
restore — реставрировать, восстанавливать
remove — удалять

Ответ: returning

A34. Это задание проверяет знание устойчивого выражения fall into a routine – войти в привычную колею, стать привычкой.

Harry’s days at Ashton Road A34 _______ into a well-ordered routine.

Ответ:

kept
held
went
fell

Ответ: fell

A35. Начнем с перевода глаголов, а затем подставим их в предложение с пропуском, чтобы понять, какой из них подходит.

The whole exercise took about two hours, A35 _______ him to be back home in time for a cup of tea with Mum.

Ответ:

agreeing
admitting
allowing
accepting

agree – соглашаться
admit – признавать
allow – позволять
accept – принимать

The whole exercise took about two hours, A35 _______ him to be back home in time for a cup of tea with Mum. — Все это дело занимало около двух часов, соглашаясь/ признавая/ позволяя/ принимая ему вернуться домой как раз к чаепитию с мамой.

Также стоит обратить внимание на то, как строится предложение с allow:

allow smb to do smth — позволить кому-либо сделать что-либо

В имеющемся предложении именно так и есть.

Ответ: allowing

A36. Начнем по традиции со слова после пропуска.

In the afternoon, Harry would report for choir practice, as part of his A26 _______ to St Bede’s.

Ответ:

agreement
obligation
requirement
responsibility

Там мы видим предложное управление to, которое значительно сужает круг поиска, ведь оно есть только у существительных requirement и obligation.

requirement to — требование к
obligation to — обязательство перед

Чтобы понять, какой глагол из двух вариантов правильных, переведем предложение, подставив туда оба слова.

In the afternoon, Harry would report for choir practice, as part of his A26 _______ to St Bede’s. — Днем Гарри являлся на репетицию хора, которая была частью его требований к / обязательств перед Сент Бидз.

По смыслу подходит obligation. Именно это существительное и будет правильным ответом.

Однако предлагаем посмотреть на особенности оставшихся двух существительных:

agreement with smb about smth – соглашение с кем-то по поводу чего-то
responsibility for – ответственность за

Ответ: obligation

А37. Наличие после пропуска as говорит о том, что нужен глагол regard:
regard as – считать чем-то

He never A27 _______ it as such because he enjoyed singing so much.

Ответ:

regarded
respected
thought
found

Ответ: regarded

A38. Последнее задание, как и первое, посвящено фразовым глаголам. Переведем каждый и посмотрим, какой подойдет по смыслу.

After spending the evening going A38 _______ old exam papers, Harry would climb into bed around ten.

Ответ:

about
with
over
into

go about — слоняться, ходить (о слухах)
go with — идти вместе, сопровождать
go over — тщательно изучать, повторять
go into — входить, вступать в организацию, вникать

А по смыслу нам подходит go over: going over old exam papers – повторяя старые экзаменационные билеты

Ответ: over

Множество тематических тестовых заданий из раздела 32-38 вы можете найти в нашей рубрике «Задания 32-38». А еще больше подобных разборов ищите в нашей новой рубрике «ФИПИ ответы». Кроме того, проверить знание лексики ЕГЭ вам поможет наш тест.

А за разговорной практикой и изучением других непонятных и интересных тем, приглашаем на наши онлайн-занятия. Отправьте заявку и занимайтесь английским в любое удобное вам время.

Разбор следующего текста «Looking for Alaska» уже совсем скоро. Следите за обновлениями и совершенствуйте свой английский вместе с ABC.

Источник

Задание №5232.
Грамматика и лексика. ЕГЭ по английскому

Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Bill, Bingo and Bram

Bill Smith had a ___ with dogs, a kind of power over them. They would sit in awe of him, would listen to him and would slink away sheepishly if they had growled near him. It was a skill I had cause to be thankful for once or twice. The odd thing was that Bram, the last dog Bill owned, had died in 1925 — fifty years distant.

1) way
2) control
3) method
4) skill

Решение:

Bill, Bingo and Bram

Bill Smith had a WAY with dogs, a kind of power over them. They would sit in awe of him, would listen to him and would slink away sheepishly if they had growled near him. It was a skill I had cause to be thankful for once or twice. The odd thing was that Bram, the last dog Bill owned, had died in 1925 — fifty years distant.

Билл, Бинго и Брэм

Билл Смит умел обращаться с собаками, своего рода властью над ними. Они сидели в страхе перед ним, слушали его и робко ускользали, если бы рычали рядом с ним. Это был навык, за который я должен был быть благодарен один или два раза. Странно то, что Брэм, последняя собака Билла, умерла в 1925 году — через пятьдесят лет.

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Источник: ЕГЭ-2018, английский язык: 30 тренировочных вариантов для подготовки к ЕГЭ. Е. С. Музланова

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Тест с похожими заданиями

Yogi had departed before I could really remember him.

Rex was next — My only memory of him was drawing on him in biro when I ran out of paper. He loved it.

Rusty ran away never to be seen again, and Benny — well, he deserves a story of his own.

Dogs had only played walk on parts in my family. As far as I was concerned the all defining object in a house was a television. There was one in Bill’s house. It stood like a lonely, redundant sentinel in a dank corner of his empty living room and seemed cold and unused. When I asked Bill what he watched, he answered that the set didn’t work, it needed a new plug or some such, and he hadn’t bothered to get it fixed. And what’s more, he didn’t miss it. To me this was unimaginable — how could a person have a TV and not use it?

«Radio’s best,» Bill would wheeze, «you can’t beat old steam radio …»

What Bill did for much of the day, when there was life and bustle outside, if the children were off school for example, was he stood in his slippers, leaning against the wall just inside his gate, and would chat and banter with anyone who cared to do so. He wasn’t the only one. People would stand in the backs, they would go to their gates and chat, or chat outside someone else’s gate. It was life.

Bill rarely left his garden gate unlocked, but most of us could unlock it if, as sometimes happened, a football went into his back yard. He had little tolerance for trespassing animals in his back yard, and kept a squeezy bottle of water handy with which he would repel cats. It seemed odd that he didn’t get many feline visitors, particularly as his neighbour Mrs Deakin had a menagerie of some fourteen cats, not to mention a flock of pigeons on her roof.

For some reason, the cats stayed out of Bill’s yard.

They felt no compunction about using our back yard as a lavatory, however, and my Father would regularly extract cat droppings from amid our tired rose bushes, and tip the lot over Mrs Deakin’s wall.

«There, it belongs to her, now she’s got it back,» he would say.

Though Bill wasn’t much of a shot with his squeezy bottle, his yard remained curiously cat free and I sometimes wondered whether the cats had such an awful experience in Bill’s yard that they had determined never to make the mistake of returning. Bill would mutter darkly on occasion about ‘doing a cat in’ if he caught one, but I knew he never would — and knew he never had.

«I heard some fuss down in the town, but I let ’em get on with it — daft buggers.»

Bill dispensed with the whole matter of industrial relations:

«Honest day’s work, fer a honest day’s pay,» he intoned, solemnly, and sounding the ‘h’ in ‘honest’ — causing secret amusement in my brothers and myself.

Bill knew everything. Later, as an older teenager, I would joke with my father about Bill’s encyclopaedic knowledge. We took him out for a drink at a country pub in the summer, and we sat outside, where a railway line ran alongside the beer garden, deep at the bottom of a cutting. When our conversation was cut into by the sound of trains burrowing through the cut in the earth, Bill checked his watch.

«That’s the 6.20 from Crewe,» he said, nursing an unfiltered Park Drive in his brown coated fingers- then another glance at his watch, «He’s ten minutes late.»

My Father and I exchanged smiles, and would later laugh, once Bill had shuffled off up the backs, and his green gate had closed.

Bill knew sporting figures too, and had a particular penchant for telling us about his latest encounters with local football players, particularly Gordon Banks, Jimmy Greenhoff or Denis Smith of Stoke City.

«I saw Denis down Stoke the other day when I was going to the market,» the tale

would begin,

«‘Denis’, I shouted, he saw me from across the street,

‘How you doing Bill?’ he shouted.

‘You want to sharpen up on defending against crosses from the left,’ I told him, ‘that goal as got in on Saturday wouldn’t ‘ave ‘appened! Mark my words.’

‘Right you are Bill!’ he said.»

Bill had advice for everyone — often whether it was sought or not — but he was so much one of nature’s gentlemen that he was impossible to resist. You found yourself nodding sagely, and tracing the patterns of the end of his animated index finger, in receipt of the raised eyebrows, the thorough showmanship of Bill Smith righting the wrongs of the world.

Bill was in actual fact, not so much a man of the world, as a man of Basford and Hartshill, but here was a life lived in an extraordinary richness of simplicity, a wealth of minute experience and also, I always felt, a whole ocean of experience that only Bill knew of, with which he sat at night in his back room alone, and unpacked secretly like a cut glass set, and repacked again before morning.

I felt that there was more to Bill than he ever let on. *

When we first moved into Victoria Street, our arrival was marked by two things.

One — within minutes , I was ordered to fetch my mother a packet of cigarettes.

Norman Bettany, the owner of the small grocer’s next door one, sporting grey shop coat and brilliantined hair, shook my hand and said,

«Welcome to Basford»

It was the sort of gesture I can’t imagine receiving now.

Two — Bingo, the dog who had lived in our house with its previous occupants, started to pay us unannounced and traumatic visits. This gave Bill an opportunity to demonstrate his way with dogs.

Bingo had already left us a fair memorial to his former guardianship of the house in the form of scored scratch marks at paw level on the outside of the kitchen door — which opened on to the yard. It was from here a few days after unpacking most of our belongings, that we heard scratching and desperate grunting and moaning. When the window was checked, there once again was Bingo, a refugee from his own destiny, seeking a way back to what he knew and was sure of.

The first time, we had little clue as to Bingo’s demeanour when he discovered that his territory, and that of his master and mistress, was now under the occupancy of an invading force, who would deny him what he still saw as his legitimate home.

In short, Bingo turned exceptionally nasty. When he saw our heads pop up in the window frame, instead of the reassuring features of his owners, he had an expression of bewilderment. His eyes, if ever a dog could do this — became wide with shock and incomprehension, which, as he was approached, festered into vicious disappointment, bile and acrid resentment.

My father tried to persuade Bingo to leave.

Dad was from the ‘if they growl, then you growl louder’ school of canine diplomacy. He first tried yelling and growling loudly at Bingo. Gesticulating wildly and throwing imaginary objects (they appeared to be imaginary house bricks) at Bingo, my Dad was sure he could see him off. This only fuelled Bingo’s confused rage, and it was seconds before my Dad was retreating to the

safe side of the kitchen door, Bingo’s insistent clawing pinning us all inside like sniper fire.

Dad decided that it was time for an armoured assault. He sought the whereabouts of my brother’s pushchair, and wheeled it in front of him, wielding a mop over the top, with which to prod the dog steadily back, and gradually away, and out of our yard.

Bingo was not intimidated. The impersonal nature of the goliath now emerging from his own home — attacking and repelling him — only added further fuel to the fury burning in his brain. He grabbed the mop head in his jaws, and began a fiery, frenzied show of temper and torment as he mauled and shook it.

My Father was forced eventually to concede that the armoured assault only gained a little ground in what was a war of attrition. The yard was narrow by the kitchen, and Bingo could not get past the steadily advancing pushchair, but as the end of the house was reached, the yard opened up, and Bingo could attack from the sides.

Then a grey haired head peered through our thin straggly rose bushes. It was Bill, a cigarette in the corner of his mouth.

Bingo was in no mood to be talked down, won over with tid bits, clucked at, cooed over or asked:

«Whassamarrer then yer silly lad? Eh, whassup with him then?»

Dad called over the rose trellis work which arched unsteadily across our shoulder high wall:

«I should leave well enough alone here, Bill!»

Bill peeked between the gaps in the trellis:

«Oh, it’s only old Bingo! What the dickens are you doing here, you daft bugger?»

«He’ll have you, Bill, he’s gone for me — you want to see what he did to the mop as I was keeping him back with!»

Bingo was anxiously glancing from one to the other, from Dad to Bill and back again. He had his mouth open, and his tongue hanging as he panted, his longer teeth visible.

The dog was waiting for one of the men to make a move.

«Barrie, let me tell yer, I’m not much good with babies, I’m hopeless with cars, but dogs … well, I’ve got a way with dogs,» said Bill, and he pinched out the cigarette nub, and placed it behind his ear.

Bill moved to open our back yard gate, and my Dad was alarmed,

«Bill, leave it, I mean it! He’ll bloody have you!»

By now, Bingo had lost all sense of his original mission, and was hell bent on a vengeance which he had lost control of. Bingo noticed that Bill had disappeared from the wall, and detected the movement of the gate handle. The dog curled his lip, and sloped toward the widening gap, and Bill’s slippered feet.

My Father later described Bingo’s movement as reminding him of a hyena, shoulders hunched, head low, eyes sliding from side to side as he kept watch on all movement around him — a low, guttural growl creating violent mood music.

My Father moved gently to get behind the dog, and in particular, the dog’s hind quarters — he meant to get a good kick at Bingo’s backside. Bill saw this, and gestured for my Father to stop. Bill walked slowly backward away from the gate, and into the backs, and Bingo tracked him, now toe to toe with an enemy on whom he was going to unleash his thwarted venom.

«You’re not biting me sirree. You come over here and I will just fetch you one.»

Here Bill revealed a gnarled stick, about three feet long. He didn’t wield it aggressively, but held it at his side. It seemed to stir Bingo into decision and he lunged forward, gushing a hoarse throaty snarl as he moved.

There was some confusion about what happened between Bingo’s aggressive lurch toward Bill and Bingo’s sudden acquiescence. Bill later said he thought that the dog caught a glimpse of the stick, and had second thoughts, but my Father didn’t agree, and told me so later.

«That dog was headed for Bill’s leg as sure as eggs is eggs. He’d made his move! Fully committed! » here my Dad raised his eyebrows in appeal and reached for a footballing simile, » Look, it was like a goalkeeper who dives full stretch across a goalmouth to stop a shot. He can’t go backwards, if he misread the ball, he has to watch as it floats in — right?»

I had to agree, having seen a succession of Port Vale goalkeepers do exactly that.

«Right! That’s what the dog did, only it stopped in mid flight. I’m telling you — as sure as if it hit a wall. Stopped dead, and turned round and left Bill alone.»

When he heard of Bill’s account of the stick saving him, Dad shook his head vigorously,

«Absolutely not. The stick was what made the dog go for him in the first place!»

Bingo had somehow stopped, dead in the air, if you listened to Dad. The dog then became almost cowed, wagging his tail uncertainly, licking his chops in the way dogs do when they have been caught digging up flower beds — his ears flat to his head, his eyes peering up from his lowered head, lowered this time in uncertainty.

He even began to tremble a little in his hind legs.

Within an instant, Bingo had gone from driven and manic to unsure, and needing comfort. Bill ended up stroking Bingo, who nuzzled against his legs, and rolled over anxiously.

«Barrie!» called Bill to my Dad, «I’ll keep him in my yard, you phone Jack and Maude Colclough.»

My Father did so, and when the Colcloughs arrived to collect their the dog, they discovered him sitting outside Bill’s gate. Bingo was delighted to see them, now ready to face whatever future his new home had for him.

«He’s been waiting out by my gate for you,» Bill told them, «He wouldn’t come in my yard. Offered him some of my braising steak, but he wouldn’t have it.»

Bingo had allowed Bill to guide him up the backs, and toward Bill’s gate, but he would not, oddly, cross the lintel. Bill had grasped Bingo’s collar, and hauled with all his might, but Bingo dropped his weight toward the floor, and locked his legs in forceful protest — he would not be pulled, nor pushed, nor cajoled into the yard.

The Colcloughs were puzzled by Bingo’s refusal to enter Bill’s yard, and were apologetic about Bingo’s latest return to the haunts that he could not bring himself to let go. This, however was the last time we saw the dog. After this I assume he gave up his longing for life as it was, and, as far as I know, he must have accepted his life as it had become.

I shared a room with my brother, Ross, from the age of eleven until I left home, and it was several weeks after the final visit from Bingo, when Ross broke the gathering silence of late night:

«You still awake?»

«No, I’m asleep, » I replied, as always.

«I saw something round Bill’s yesterday. I’ve been thinking about it. I’m not sure what it is,» Ross went on.

His voice carried the greatest degree of intensity I’d heard since he confessed to me that he’d stolen a football magazine from the local newsagent. Dad had found out, and he marched Ross round the corner to confess to the newsagent.

«Well … what?»

«Don’t start taking the mickey out of me,» Ross began — not being taken seriously was among his greatest neuroses, as is the case for so many younger siblings.

«I think I know why the cats don’t go in his yard. I might even know what happened when Bingo went to bite Bill.»

I propped myself up on my elbow, and cast a sceptical gaze through the darkness at him.

«Go on then, what is it?» I asked, and couldn’t resist adding, «Summat strange and eerie, summat as will trouble my sleep?»

«Oh forget it, I knew you’d just start making fun …»

«I’m sorry,» I put in, quickly, knowing that I may have just deprived myself of at least an amusing diversion. Ross could take half an hour to win round from a refusal to spill the beans in cases like this.

«Just don’t …» he replied

After some persuading, Ross, who in fact wanted to get a second opinion on what he had seen, told me of the strange patch on Bill Smith’s yard.

«I was round Bill’s after school, before Mum got in. It was raining, and Bill didn’t mind me waiting there,» Ross told me.

«When I went into his yard, I saw this … sort of shape on the ground, about two feet from Bill’s back door. »

«Shape? What sort? Flying saucer shape? Ghost shape?»

-once again, I was pushing it, and I knew it, but Ross was particularly gullible when it came to this sort of thing. He had a huge collection of Ghost Story books, and for a few years read little else.

Ross pressed on, he was in his stride now, and wasn’t going to be distracted by my poor attempts at humour.

«His yard was all wet, all the slabs, I know how wet, ‘cos I nearly slipped as I walked down his path. Then, just a couple of feet from his back door, there’s this patch which is completely dry. I stood there and looked at it. The rain was running down my nose, and down the back of my coat and soaking the backs of my legs, but … this patch, about a foot and a half long, by about a foot wide — it was dry!»

I thought his story preposterous. I couldn’t see his face, but I could imagine it, his eyes staring widely at the ceiling, his mouth slightly agape. I kept my own counsel, I could at this point tell him what I thought, but I had jibed at him enough for one night. I decided to say nothing. A silence passed, and thickened as it did. I decided that if he pursued the matter, I would let him have a ribbing of epic proportions.

«What d’you think?» Ross asked eventually.

«It’s obvious,» I replied, «There must have been a hole in the rain clouds — probably one, oh — a foot by a foot and a half, what you saw …»

But I didn’t get chance to complete my smart response. He switched on his bedside lamp, and was sitting up looking at me, a furrow of concern on his forehead.

«Stop it! I know what I saw, I’m not making this up! It can’t do that. Rain just can’t leave a patch of dry!» Ross stood up, and walked slowly to the window, his hand near his mouth.

«When I knocked on Bill’s door, I looked around, and this patch started to get spattered. By the time Bill actually opened the door, it was wet, just like all the rest of the yard.»

«Did you tell Bill about it?» I asked, serious because of his agitation.

«No.»

There was little further comment, it was late, and we both had to be up early next day. The business was forgotten, I gave it no more thought until perhaps two years later.

After an initial wariness, and several times being told that I wasn’t recording when in fact I was, Bill relaxed a little, and started into his stories. I knew many of these almost by heart, and was able to coax him into telling familiar ones. Including the one about the shooting incident.

When he was a boy, Bill’s family had a dog, a mongrel — no one in Basford in the early 1920s could have had any other sort of dog. It had been his older brother’s originally, but his brother joined up to fight the Kaiser, and never returned from Flanders, so the dog had to adapt to Bill as a new companion.

Here it came, the story I was seeking — Bill’s stories of the dog, how he had been hunting, shooting rabbits, and the dog had gone with him, how the dog had been present when, on an estate nearby, Bill had shot what at a rabbit moving in long grass, only to see a cat leap several feet into the air. To his horror, when the dead creature was found Bill realised that he had in fact shot dead the local vicar’s cat. How the dog had won the day by the way it sat on the doorstep of the Parsonage as Bill made his explanation, how it looked more sorry than him. It had caught the eye of the vicar’s wife, and had somehow softened the blow of the cat’s death. The woman had commented, ‘I could swear that dog is in mourning for our cat. If a dog could weep, well, you’d swear that ‘un is weeping right now.’

There was an ironic fragment of truth in what the lady said.

The thing was, the dog only accepted Bill as a temporary companion — of course it did not understand the fact that Bill’s brother was never coming home. It continued waiting for him. Waiting for the familiar footfall, waiting for the imminent return of a voice it knew and devotedly listened for. The dog regarded the present as a state of waiting. Its life was in a state of suspension — a kind of ‘this will have to be got through until everything returns to the way it really should be’. Its pointless patience was matched only by its growing detachment from everything else.

I sat with Bill for a couple of hours, and I ran out of tape. It was among the last times I ever visited him in his house, having left home myself — returning to Stoke only at holidays.

I took Bill up on his offer of a cup of tea before I left. There was snow on the ground outside, and the temperatures had plunged. I was shown through into the kitchen cum living area in the rear of his house, and looked again at the collected bits and pieces of this man’s life.

The old radio with its bakelite casing and valves on a high shelf, the unsliced loaf on the table, the open fire, with a butter dish nearby and the photographs on the mantel.

Bill as a youngster,

Bill as a boy,

Bill’s dog,

Bill’s dog, lying in a dark yard, more than half a century ago. Lying near to a door. A narrow little yard.

«Typical of him, that was,» Bill put in when he saw me looking at the picture again.

«Old Bram, he lay out there every day, come what ever the weather was, you know! He couldn’t let go. Waited for Frank to come back. Waited until the day he died himself, that dog. He’d only move when I went and opened the back door, then he’d stroll in, and wait until he could go out and wait again.»

Bill stood alongside me, and picked up the little frame. He looked down his nose at it.

«Do us a favour and pass us me glasses,» Bill asked, «It’d take me half the day to get over there to get them. My bloody feet are no good to me these days, particularly in this weather.»

I handed Bill his specs, and he peered at the dog, tutting to himself as he did so.

«Aye, Old Bram, lying out in the yard. Waiting for his life to start up again.» He shook his head, wistfully.

«Lay out yonder, just outside the door there. If you could see to the sides of the picture you’d see the yard hasn’t changed all that much. Well, my mother kept the flower beds better than me …»

I was surprised, I had always thought Bill’s family had lived in Clare Street, a street up from this one.

«Oh, we did, but we moved when I was a baby. I can’t remember ever living there.»

I looked out of the window into Bill’s back yard. I could see the back door. Bram had lain in this yard, just near to the door. Just a couple of feet from the door.

On my way home, stepping carefully through the ice and snow, I turned thoughts this way and that.

Ross and his patch of dry path in the rain.

Cats rarely went into Bill’s yard.

Bingo’s sudden halt in mid attack, and refusal to enter Bill’s gate.

I thought of all of us.

Bill, living in his bubble in time, powered by old steam radio and Woodbines.

Bingo — wanting to attack the present, and curl up in his past.

I thought of myself, waiting for my life to start.

One day, I thought, one day, things will be different for me. But only if I make it so. I was no longer a boy, but I still thought like one. I still thought of myself as one. I took myself terribly seriously, but knew deep within, that no one else did. I kept trying to re-invent myself, but I never created a me that could last more than a few months, then it was back to this … boy.

How far was I willing to let go and move on?

Perhaps I might find myself a comfortable place, and lie there, and forever wait for the footfalls of my destiny to come and find me. But it could, I thought, take a long time — a lifetime of waiting. Did I want to wait like Bram still did?

Because he still did.

Through winters, through summers — fifty odd of them.

Bram still waited out there.

1 Единый государственный экзамен по АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ Вариант 657 Инструкция по выполнению работы Экзаменационная работа по английскому языку состоит из трех разделов, включающих 31 задание. Раздел 1 («Чтение») включает 9 заданий, из которых 2 задания на установление соответствия и 7 заданий с выбором одного правильного ответа из четырех предложенных. Рекомендуемое время на выполнение раздела 1 30 минут. Максимальный первичный балл за «Чтение» 20 баллов. Раздел 2 («Грамматика и лексика») включает 20 заданий, из которых 13 заданий с кратким ответом и 7 заданий с выбором одного правильного ответа из четырех предложенных. При выполнении заданий с кратким ответом вы должны самостоятельно записать ответ в соответствующем месте работы. Рекомендуемое время на выполнение раздела 2 40 минут. Максимальный первичный балл за «Грамматика и лексика» 20 баллов. По окончании выполнения заданий каждого из этих разделов не забывайте переносить свои ответы в бланк ответов 1. Раздел 3 («Письмо») состоит из двух заданий и представляет собой небольшую письменную работу (написание личного письма и письменного высказывания с элементами рассуждения). Рекомендуемое время на выполнение этого раздела работы 80 минут. Черновые пометки делаются прямо на листе с заданиями (они не оцениваются), и только полный вариант ответа заносится в бланк ответов 2. Максимальный первичный балл за «Письмо» 20 баллов. Всего максимальный первичный балл составляет 60 баллов. Общее время проведения экзамена 150 минут. Рекомендуется выполнять задания в том порядке, в котором они даны. Постарайтесь выполнить как можно больше заданий и набрать наибольшее количество баллов. Желаем успеха!

2 B2 Раздел 1. Чтение Установите соответствие между заголовками 1-8 и текстами A — G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний. 1. Harvest 2. Etymology 3. Toxicity 4. Growing Indoors 5. Breeding 6. Cultivation 7. Culinary Uses 8. History A. The avocado originated in the state of Puebla, Mexico. The native undomesticated variety is small, with dark black skin, and contains a large seed. The oldest evidence of avocado use was found in a cave located in Coxcatlon, Mexico, that dates to around 10,000 BC. The avocado tree also has a long period of cultivation in Central and South America. A water jar shaped like an avocado, dating to AD 900, was discovered in the pre-incan city of Chan Chan. B. The word ‘avocado’ comes from the Spanish ‘aguacate’. Avocados were known by the Aztecs as ‘the fertility fruit’. In some countries of South America, such as Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru, and Uruguay, the avocado is known by its Quechua name ‘pal- ta’. The fruit is sometimes called an ‘avocado pear’ or ‘alligator pear’ due to its shape and the rough green skin. It is known as ‘Butter Fruit’ in parts of India. C. The avocado tree does not tolerate freezing temperatures, and can be grown only in subtropical or tropical climates. High winds reduce the humidity, dehydrate the flowers, and affect pollination. When even a mild frost occurs, premature fruit drop may occur, although the Hass cultivar can tolerate temperatures down to 1 C. The trees also need well- aerated soils, ideally more than 1 m deep. Yield is reduced when the irrigation water is highly saline. These soil and climate conditions are available only in a few areas of the world. D. An average avocado tree produces about 500 avocados annually. Commercial orchards produce an average of seven tonnes per hectare each year, with some orchards achieving 20 tonnes per hectare. The avocado is a climacteric fruit, which means it matures on the tree, but ripens off the tree. Avocados that fall off the tree ripen on the ground. Generally, the fruit is picked once it reaches maturity. Avocados used in commerce are picked hard and green and kept in coolers until they reach their final destination. E. Avocados are often grown from pits. This is done by removing the pit from a ripe, unrefrigerated avocado. The pit is then stabbed with three or four tooth picks, about one third of the way up. The pit is placed in a jar or vase with tepid water. In four to six weeks, it should split and out should come roots and a sprout. Once the stem has grown a few inches, it is placed in a pot with soil. It should be watered every few days. Avocados have been known to grow large, so owners must be ready to repot the plant several times. F. The fruit is not sweet, but fatty, and distinctly yet subtly flavoured. It is used in both savoury and sweet dishes, though in many countries not for both. The avocado is very popular in vegetarian cuisine as substitute for meats because of its high fat content. Generally, avocado is served raw, though some cultivars can be cooked for a short time without becoming bitter. G. Avocado leaves, bark, skin, or pit are documented to be harmful to animals. Cats, dogs, cattle, goats, rabbits, rats, birds, fish, and horses can be severely harmed or even killed when they consume them. Avocado leaves contain a fatty acid derivative, persin, which in sufficient quantity can cause equine colic and, without veterinary

3 treatment, death. Birds also seem to be particularly sensitive to this compound. Feeding avocados to any animal should be avoided completely. Negative effects in humans seem to be primarily in allergic individuals. A B C D E F G При решении задания В2 следует обратить внимание на необходимость соблюдения следующей стратегии работы с текстовым материалом. Этап Прочитайте заголовки и определите какая тема, проблема или ситуация их объединяет и чем они отличаются друг от друга. 2. В процессе изучения заголовков подчеркните ключевые слова, сделайте пометки, которые помогут понять их смысл и различия между собой. Этап Последовательно просмотрите каждый из предложенных текстов, не обращая внимание на незнакомые слова и выражения, не углубляясь в детальное понимание текстов. Затем попытайтесь подобрать к каждому тексту один или несколько возможных заголовков, предложенных в задании. 2. Помните о том, что в процессе работы с заданием можно использовать метод исключения. 3. В ситуации неопределенности или непонимания содержания текста сформулируйте его основную идею, затем подберите наиболее близкий по содержанию заголовок. Этап Обратите особое внимание на тексты, для которых были выбраны несколько возможных заголовков. 2. Обоснуйте выбор того или иного соответствия заголовков исходя из информации данной в текстах. 3. Проверьте правильность тех соответствий, которые были подобраны при первом прочтении. 4. Определите лишний заголовок. 5. Запишите окончательные ответы в таблицу после задания. Следуя данной стратегии можно определить соответствие данных в задании В2 заголовков 1-8 и текстов A G: A 8: The oldest evidence of avocado use was found in a cave located in Coxcatlon, Mexico, that dates to around 10,000 BC. B 2: The word ‘avocado’ comes from the Spanish ‘aguacate’. C 6: The avocado tree does not tolerate freezing temperatures, and can be grown only in subtropical or tropical climates. The trees also need well-aerated soils, ideally more than 1 m deep. D 1: An average avocado tree produces about 500 avocados annually. E 4: The pit is placed in a jar or vase with tepid water. F 7: The avocado is very popular in vegetarian cuisine as substitute for meats because of its high fat content. G 3: Negative effects in humans seem to be primarily in allergic individuals.

4 B3 Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1 7. Одна из частей в списке 1 7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу. Biology means the study of life and it is the science which investigates all living things. Even in the days before recorded history, people knew and passed on information about plants and animals. Prehistoric people survived by learning A. Farming would not have developed if they had not begun to understand that animals could produce food like milk and eggs. The ancient Egyptians studied the life cycle of insects and understood the part that insects and pollen played in the life cycle of plants. The ancient Mesopotamians even kept animals in В. The ancient Greeks, too, were greatly interested in understanding the world around them. Aristotle recorded his observations of plants and animals, and his successor, Theophrastus, wrote the first books on plant life, С. Modern biology really began in the 17th century. At that time, Anton van Leeuwen-hoek, in Holland, invented the microscope and William Harvey, in England, described the circulation of blood. The microscope allowed scientists to discover bacteria, D. And new knowledge about how the human body works allowed others to find more effective ways of treating illnesses. In the middle of the 19th century, unnoticed by anyone else, the Austrian monk Gregor Mendel, created his Laws of Inheritance, beginning the study of genetics E. At the same time, while travelling around the world, Charles Darwin was formulating the central principle of modern biology-natural selection as the basis of evolution. In the 20th century, biologists began to recognize how plants and animals live and pass on their genetically coded information to the next generation. Since then, partly because of developments in computer technology, there have been great advances in the field of biology, F. 1) who were very dangerous 2) that is such an important part of biology today 3) which made a very important contribution to the study of botany 4) which plants were good to eat and which could be used for medicine 5) what were the earliest zoological gardens 6) which led to an understanding of the causes of disease 7) which is an area of ever-growing knowledge A В С D E F При решении задания В3 следует обратить внимание на необходимость соблюдения следующих рекомендаций. 1. Не нужно прочитывать весь текст, но обязательно нужно вчитаться в само предложение с пропуском, а также внимательно прочесть предложения до и после. Знание лексики не так важно, сколько понимание синтаксиса, структуры предложения и текста. 2. Прочитайте весь текст, чтобы уловить его общий смысл. Не старайтесь понять каждое слово и не обращайте внимание на незнакомые слова. 3. Прочитайте пропущенные части предложений и подчеркните в них грамматически значимые окончания, предлоги, частицы, местоимения, союзы. Это поможет определить, какой частью предложения может являться

5 пропущенный фрагмент сказуемым, дополнением, придаточным предложением, и т. д. 4. Если грамматически есть два подходящих варианта, то тогда обращаем на лексическое значение слов: слова должны лексически подходить друг другу по смыслу. Следуя данным рекомендациям можно определить соответствие данных в задании В3 фрагментов текста 1-7 и предложений A F: A 4: Prehistoric people survived by learning which plants were good to eat and which could be used for medicine. B 5: The ancient Mesopotamians even kept animals in what were the earliest zoological gardens. C 3: Aristotle recorded his observations of plants and animals, and his successor, Theophrastus, wrote the first books on plant life, which made a very important contribution to the study of botany. D 6: The microscope allowed scientists to discover bacteria, which led to an understanding of the causes of disease. E 2: In the middle of the 19th century, unnoticed by anyone else, the Austrian monk Gregor Mendel, created his Laws of Inheritance, beginning the study of genetics that is such an important part of biology today. F 7: Since then, partly because of developments in computer technology, there have been great advances in the field of biology, which is an area of evergrowing knowledge. Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15 А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа. Today was a rice day, fifty-pound sacks of white rice in trucks bearing an elephant logo. The same happy elephant appeared on the bags, its head raised to the sky, the trunk curved like an S. ‘Elephant,’ Todd said. He said it because a labourer was staring at it intently, which meant he wasn’t working. ‘That’s right,’ the man said. ‘I couldn’t remember the word.’ He was the only other human at the loading dock this morning. The man didn’t have a name, just a number, like the rest of the robots. That could be me, Todd thought as he watched him work side by side with his silent mechanical counterparts, lifting, carrying, and dropping bags of rice from the back of the truck to the warehouse. A bad car accident, a bad fall from a ladder, and that could be me. Or a bad memrip. At lunch, Todd thought of things he could sell. Everything he owned of any value, he could touch: his grandfather’s watch, his grandmother’s wedding ring, a gold necklace belonging to some forgotten relative. His car, too, but that was out of the question as he needed it to work. He got up from his chair and scanned the floor below, the robots still working away, a sea of metallic shoulders rising and falling in unison, strangely beautiful in a way. Over by the forklift sat 8831, his eyes as blank as the piece of bread he was eating. Two weeks from today was Todd’s thirtieth wedding anniversary, and even if he were to pawn the watch, the ring, and the necklace, he knew he wouldn’t even come close to having enough for Paris. That’s where Sue had wanted to go for as long as he could remember. They didn’t have the money to honeymoon there, but that was okay because back then, there had been plenty of time. They were young, both healthy and working, so they would save a little here and there and in a couple of years, they would be walking up to the Eiffel Tower at night arm in arm, find themselves underneath the arch and look up at the beacon that shines on this city of lights.

6 A15 A16 A17 A18 But then came two sons and three recessions and a second mortgage. A hysterectomy for her, a double bypass for him, and now here he was, nine years short of retirement, supervising a team of robots and a retarded man, thinking about folks who could sell things they couldn’t touch, like stocks and bonds and whatever else he couldn’t even fathom, people with money who would pay to experience another’s most cherished moments. Silly. That would be Sue’s word for it if this were a story she’d overheard. For a trip, what a silly thing to do. But it was more than a trip. It was their life together. There was life and there was death, and it seemed to Todd that if he waited any longer, there wouldn’t be any difference between the two. He opened the filing cabinet and rifled through the folders. Name: Lopez, Manny. Age: 46. Tax Status: Married. In all the years he’d been here, only a handful of human workers had come and gone. All of them were handicapped in some way; they came through the city welfare program, and 8831 was no exception. Manny’s wife picked up on the second ring. Todd told her who he was, and after he assured her that her husband was not hurt, he was fine, he was a great worker, he asked her what he wanted to know. She listened without interrupting him; then there was a lengthy silence. ‘Why?’ she asked. ‘Does it matter?’ ‘I can report you.’ ‘I know.’ More silence. ‘He did it because he loved me. Loved,’ she said, hardening. ‘Not loves.’ ‘I heard you.’ Then she hung up, and for the rest of the day, Todd replayed the conversation in his mind. Should he have lied to her, made up some story about a sick mother, a dying child? He wasn’t good at talking, especially on the phone. People thought he was unfriendly, hostile. A woman once told him his voice sounded like broken stones rattling in a cage. The horn blared at five, time for the two humans to go home and the robots to be reconditioned and put in standby. That morning, at the loading docks 1. there were only robots. 3. there were two people. 2. there was only one human. 4. there were a handful of people. At launch Todd was thoughtful because 1. he needed money for a trip. 2. he owned a lot of valuable things. 3. he wanted to pawn the watch, the ring, and the necklace. 4. he needed a new car to work. Todd and his wife didn’t worry that they had no money to honeymoon in Paris because 1. they had already been there. 2. they planned to go there the following year. 3. they didn’t want to go there. 4. they were ready to earn money for this trip. Todd and Sue had not been to Paris yet because 1. Tom was about to retire. 2. they had had more important things to spend money on. 3. Tom was always busy supervising a team of robots. 4. Sue thought it was a silly idea.

7 A19 A20 A21 Manny Lopez was 1. a robot. 2. a welfare officer. 3. mentally disabled. 4. an exception. Todd called Manny’s wife because he wanted 1. to get acquainted with her. 2. to know whether Manny loved her. 3. to find out what had happened to Manny. 4. to tell Manny’s wife that he was a great worker. Todd was 1. a sociable person. 2. hostile to people. 3. thinking about the conversation with Manny’s wife the whole day. 4. bad at communicating with people. При решении заданий А15-А21 следует обратить внимание на необходимость соблюдения следующей стратегии работы с текстовым материалом. Этап Быстро прочитайте весь рассказ, не углубляясь в подробности. Цель такого первичного прочтения — понять лишь общее содержание и основные события повествования. Этап При выполнении каждого задания внимательно перечитывайте только ту часть, где должен быть ответ. 2. Прочитайте первый вопрос, подчеркните ключевые слова и найдите тот фрагмент текста, где должен содержаться ответ. Этим фрагментом может быть одно слово, выражение, целое предложение или абзац. 3. Выберите правильный ответ, обязательно найдя и подчеркнув то место в тексте, которое подтверждает ответ. Не пытайтесь найти точно такие же слова и выражения, которые содержатся в вопросе, в самом тексте: нужно найти синонимичные способы выражения одной и той же мысли. Следуя данной стратегии можно ответить на поставленные вопросы или определить верные утверждения предложенного задания А15 А21: А15-3 А16 1 А17 4 А18 2 А19 3 А20 3 А21 4 По окончании выполнения заданий В2, В3 и А15 А21 НЕ ЗАБУДЬТЕ ПЕРЕНЕСТИ СВОИ ОТВЕТЫ В БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ 1! ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ, что ответы на задания В2, В3, А15 А21 располагаются в разных частях бланка. При переносе ответов в заданиях В2 и В3 последовательность цифр записывается без пробелов, знаков препинания и буквенных символов.

8 Раздел 2. Грамматика и лексика Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами B4 B10, так чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4 B10. Для правильного решения заданий В4-В10 следует активизировать знания по грамматике английского языка и придерживаться нижеуказанных рекомендаций. 1. Просматривая текст с пропусками, старайтесь понять его содержание, последовательность описываемых в нем событий и т.д. 2. Определите, в каком времени идет основное повествование (в настоящем или прошедшем) и есть ли фрагменты текста, где используется будущее время. 3. Есть ли в тексте прямая речь, и если да, то в каком времени там идет повествование, и как оно соотносится с остальным текстом. При работе с каждым фрагментом текста с пропуском используйте следующую логику и последовательность действий: прочитайте текст до первого пропуска и слово, написанное заглавными буквами на полях, и определите, какую грамматическую форму надо вставить в пропуск: глагольную форму (личную/неличную); существительное (в ед. или мн. числе, в именительном или притяжательном падеже); прилагательное (в сравнительной или превосходной степени), числительное (порядковое или количественное) и т.д.; если это глагольная форма, то необходимо решить: является ли она личной (видовременной) или неличной (инфинитивом, герундием, причастием); употребляется ли она в активном или пассивном залоге; к какому времени относится (настоящему, прошедшему, будущему); требует ли согласования времен с учетом использования других глагольных форм в тексте и т.д. определите, есть ли у данной формы особенности написания, поскольку правильно выбранная грамматическая модель не будет засчитана как верный ответ, если в ней есть орфографическая ошибка.

9 4. Прочитайте весь текст с заполненными пропусками, проверьте (мысленно обоснуйте) однозначность выбранного ответа. 5. Запишите окончательный вариант в тексте задания. 6. Помните, что в бланке ответы записываются без пробелов! Следуя данным рекомендациям и логике рассуждения можно указать правильные грамматические формы слов предложенного задания B4 B10: В4 OLDEST В5 LOOKS В6 MARKING В7 WEREGIVEN В8 ISCELEBRATED В9 EATER S В10 WILLGET Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В11 B16, так чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В11 В16.

10 Для правильного решения заданий В11-В16 следует активизировать знания по словообразованию английского языка и придерживаться нижеуказанных рекомендаций. 1. Просмотрите весь текст с пропусками, постарайтесь понять его содержание. При работе с каждым фрагментом текста используйте следующую логику и последовательность действий: прочитайте текст до первого пропуска и слово, написанное заглавными буквами на полях, и определите, какой частью речи должно являться пропущенное слово; определите, используется ли данное слово в положительном или отрицательном значении в данном контексте; образуйте нужное слово с использованием нужных суффиксов или префиксов, а возможно и тех, и других одновременно (особенно для слов с отрицательным значением); если вы не знаете, как образовать слово от указанного опорного слова, вспомните суффиксы и префиксы, которые могут использоваться для образования данной части речи, используйте их, определите, насколько естественно выглядит образованное вами слово; определите, есть ли у данной формы особенности написания, поскольку правильно выбранная словообразовательная модель не будет засчитана как верный ответ, если в ней есть орфографическая ошибка. 2. Прочитайте весь текст с заполненными пропусками, проверьте (мысленно обоснуйте) однозначность выбранного ответа. 3. Запишите окончательный вариант в тексте задания. Следуя данным рекомендациям и логике рассуждения можно указать правильные лексические формы слов предложенного задания В11 В16: В11 STRESSFUL В12 ARGUMENTS В13 UNLUCKY В14 REALLY В15 COMPATIBILITY В16 BENEFICIAL Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22 А28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22 А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.

11 Bill, Bingo and Bram Bill Smith had a A22 with dogs, a kind of power over them. They would sit in awe of him, would listen to him and would slink away sheepishly if they had growled near him. It was a skill I had cause to be thankful for once or twice. The odd thing was that Bram, the last dog Bill owned, had died in 1925 fifty years distant. Bill was a retired, A23 bachelor. He lived alone in the small terraced house next door but two from us. A24 a number of occasions, I visited Bill’s house, and it seemed that it hadn’t really changed much from the 50s. There were hints that some articles had been undisturbed apart A25 the occasional silverfish or visiting woodlouse, since the 1930s. He had a picture of a dog in the small converted kitchen which housed his huge solid pillowed chair, newspapers protruding from beneath its seat cushion. It was among one or two other small photos, which A26 closer examination were photos of seventeen year old Bill. Almost forgotten amid the clutter of pipe cleaners, matches, spills, bits of wire, tea coupons and old Yale keys was a very small dark photo of a black mongrel dog, lying in a backyard. A white stripe down its nose and in between its ears was one of the few ways it was distinguishable from the background gloom. This was Bram, Bill told me, his dog. Through the years, my family had a total of four dogs. We actually had no photographs whatever of the first two. Dogs had only played walk-on parts in my family. As far as I was A27, the all defining object in a house was a television. There was one in Bill’s house. It stood like a lonely, redundant sentinel in a dank corner of his empty living room and seemed cold and unused. When I asked Bill what he watched, he answered that the set didn’t work, it needed a new plug, and he hadn’t A28 to get it fixed. And what’s more, he didn’t miss it. To me this was unimaginable how could a person have a TV and not use it? Для правильного решения заданий А22-А28 следует активизировать умения и навыки использовать различные лексические единиц в коммуникативном контексте с учетом специфики: форм одного слова и слов, близких по написанию и звучанию; значений одного слова и его синонимов, антонимов, омонимов; норм лексической сочетаемости, принятых в английском языке и т.д., а также придерживаться нижеуказанных рекомендаций. 1. Просмотрите весь текст с пропусками, постарайтесь понять его содержание.

12 2. При работе с каждым фрагментом текста с пропуском используйте следующую логику и последовательность действий: прочитайте внимательно весь фрагмент, но особое внимание уделите предложению с пропущенным словом; внимательно изучите все предложенные варианты ответа, выберите наиболее подходящий с учетом значения и норм лексической сочетаемости пропущенного слова; особое внимание уделите синонимам (у них могут быть разные оттенки значения, они могут иметь различия в управлении и сочетаемости с другими словами), а также созвучным словами или словами со сходным написанием (у них могут быть разные значения) ; прочитайте предложение с пропуском еще раз, убедитесь, что выбранное слово является наиболее корректным для заполнения пропуска; обоснуйте свой выбор, определив, почему другие варианты неверны в данном случае. 3. Обведите/запишите окончательный вариант ответа в тексте задания. Следуя данным рекомендациям и логике рассуждения можно определить правильные формы слов предложенного задания А22-А28: А22 1 А23 4 А24 1 А25 3 А26 2 А27 2 А28-3 По окончании выполнения заданий В4 В16, А22 А28 НЕ ЗАБУДЬТЕ ПЕРЕНЕСТИ СВОИ ОТВЕТЫ В БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ 1! ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ, что ответы на задания В4 В16, А22 А28 располагаются в разных частях бланка. При переносе ответов в заданиях В4 В16 буквы записываются без пробелов и знаков препинания. Раздел 3. Письмо Для ответов на задания С1, С2 используйте Бланк ответов 2. При выполнении заданий С1 и С2 особое внимание обратите на то, что ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в Бланке ответов 2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём не оцениваются. При заполнении Бланка ответов 2 вы указываете сначала номер задания С1, С2, а потом пишете свой ответ. Если одной стороны Бланка недостаточно, вы можете использовать другую сторону Бланка.

13 C1 You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Chemmy who writes:…it’s a really brave step to take a year out of college to come and spend 6 months in the UK! What are you planning to do with your time? Find a job? Learn some new skills? Write back and give me more details of your plans so I can do my best to help you have a good time… I’ve got to go now! It’s time for my favourite TV show. Keep in touch! Write a letter to Chemmy. In your letter answer her questions and tell her about your plans ask 3 questions about her favourite TV shows. Write words. Remember the rules of letter writing. Для достижения высокого уровня эффективности выполнения задания С1 следует придерживаться нижеуказанных рекомендаций. До написания текста 1. Внимательно изучите текст инструкции и определите, как она регламентирует содержание вашего письма (что требуется: ответить на вопросы, дать совет, высказать мнение, задать вопросы и т.д.) 2. Особое внимание при чтении текста инструкции обратите на ту часть, где уточняется содержание ваших предполагаемых вопросов к корреспонденту. Как правило, эти вопросы соотносятся со второй содержательной частью письма-стимула. При этом текст инструкции может сужать, расширять, слегка видоизменять проблему для обсуждения. Ваши вопросы должны точно соответствовать именно тексту инструкции, а не только тексту самого письма. 3. Внимательно изучите текст письма. Определите суть запрашиваемой информации. 4. Уточните, на какие вопросы предстоит ответить. 5. При обдумывании ответа не забывайте об объеме текста. Он не должен превышать заданные нормы больше, чем на 10 % в сторону уменьшения или расширения, т.е %=90 слов; %=154 слова. При этом считаются не только значимые слова, но и предлоги, артикли и т.д. При написании письма в бланке ответа 1. Сначала напишите то, что связано с соблюдением формальных норм оформления личного письма. Не забудьте написать: адрес (можно краткий) в правом углу; дату (под адресом); неформальное обращение к другу (его имя дается в тексте инструкции); фразу, указывающую на предыдущие контакты (это может быть просто благодарность за полученное письмо или извинение за задержку с ответом). 2. Затем переходите к написанию содержательной части письма. Не забудьте, что в содержании есть как минимум две части: ответы на заданные вопросы;

14 постановка вопросов в соответствии с текстом письма и инструкции. 3. Помните о требованиях к структурному оформлению текста, в частности о делении текста на смысловые абзацы. При выделении абзацев можно начинать каждый новый абзац с красной строки, а можно пропускать одну строчку перед абзацами, но красной строкой их не выделять. В рамках личного письма возможны несколько вариантов деления текста: ответ на каждый поставленный вопрос может быть выделен в отдельный абзац; ответы на все вопросы можно рассматривать как один абзац, а все ваши вопросы — как другой абзац. 5. В тексте письма необходимо использовать логические связки (вводные и связующие слова и выражения, клише и т.д.). 6. Письмо надо закончить, для этого необходимо: упомянуть о дальнейших контактах; написать завершающую фразу; написать свое имя (реальное или придуманное). После написания текста 1. Проверьте объем текста. 2. Проверьте наличие всех формальных компонентов личного письма в тексте (адрес, дата, обращение, ссылка на предыдущие контакты, содержательная часть, завершающая фраза, имя). 3. Проверьте наличие всех содержательных компонентов задания в тексте. 4. Проверьте языковую грамотность текста (лексику, грамматику, пунктуацию). 5. Помните наиболее типичными ошибкам при написании личного письма являются: а) по критерию «решение коммуникативной задачи»: не даны развернутые или полные ответы на все три вопроса; неправильно написано обращение (нарушен стиль); отсутствует благодарность за полученное письмо или ссылка на предыдущий контакт; отсутствует завершающая фраза или нарушен стиль ее написания; отсутствует фраза о надежде на будущий контакт или нарушен стиль ее написания; не поставлены вопросы для получения информации либо даны не все три вопроса; несоблюдение объема письма (занижение или превышение объема); б) по критерию «организация текста»: неправильное деление на абзацы; нарушение логики; нарушения в использовании лексических средств логической связи; отсутствие адреса и/или даты; дан адрес того, кому направлено письмо, а не адрес отправителя; порядок слов в адресе не соблюден; в) по критерию «языковое оформление текста»:

15 нарушения норм языкового оформления текста в области лексики, грамматики, орфографии, пунктуации. C2 Comment on the following statement. It is common practice to study a foreign language at school in your own country. However, many people think that the best way to learn it is to speak with native speakers. What is your opinion? What do you think is the best way of studying a language? Write words. Use the following plan: — make an introduction (state the problem) — express your personal opinion and give 2 3 reasons for your opinion — express an opposing opinion and give 1 2 reasons for this opposing opinion — explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion — make a conclusion restating your position Для достижения высокого уровня качества выполнения задания С2 следует придерживаться нижеуказанной стратегии написания эссе: 1) строить высказывание в соответствии с предложенным планом; 2) начинать введение следует с общего представления темы и предложения, отображающего ее проблемный характер; 3) во введение перефразировать тему/проблему, данную в задании, не повторяя ее дословно; 4) в основной части сначала высказать свое мнение и аргументировать его, затем представить другие точки зрения и дать аргументацию, почему вы с ними не согласны; 5) приводя контраргументы, отстаивая свою точку зрения, желательно выражать свое мнение не теми же словами, что раньше, а использовать перифраз, синонимию; 6) в заключительном абзаце (заключении) еще раз указать на проблемный характер темы; показать, что хотя у вас есть свое мнение, вы способны видеть и другие точки зрения; тем не менее, своя кажется вам более убедительной. 7) при планировании письменного высказывания сначала следует продумать ключевые фразы каждого абзаца; делить текст на абзацы, которые отражают логическую и содержательную структуру текста; 9) каждый абзац должен быть написан соответствующим образом (рекомендуется в первом предложении абзаца выразить его основную мысль и далее ее развивать, подкреплять примерами и аргументами и т. д.); 10) введение и заключение должны быть приблизительно одинаковы по объему; 11) в основной части должно быть три абзаца, приблизительно одинаковых по размеру; 12) общий объем основной части не должен быть меньше общего объема введения и заключения;

16 13) особое внимание уделять средствам логической связи текста, как внутри предложений, так и между предложениями; 14) проверить: — соответствие содержания своего письменного высказывания поставленным коммуникативным задачам; — правильность организации и логичность текста; — правильность языкового оформления текста (лексика, грамматика, орфография и пунктуация). Помните наиболее типичными ошибкам при написании эссе являются: а) по критерию «решение коммуникативной задачи»: неумение выделить проблему и перефразировать ее; незнание алгоритма абзаца: тезис-доказательство-вывод; неумение высказать свою или другую точку зрения; неумение дать развернутые и весомые аргументы и контраргументы в защиту своей точки зрения, в том числе в нужном количестве; неумение делать выводы в заключении; смешение видов сочинений; «топиковость»; нарушения в объеме; б) по критерию «организация текста»: нарушение логичности и связности текста; неправильное деление на абзацы; отсутствие или неправильное использование средств логической связи; в) с точки зрения языковых средств (лексики, грамматики, орфографии и пунктуации): несоответствие высокому уровню; однообразность лексики и грамматических структур; неправильное употребление лексики и грамматических структур в речи; орфографические ошибки; неправильное употребление или отсутствие пунктуационных знаков.

ЕГЭ по английскому языку – экзамен, который не входит в перечень обязательных, но популярность иностранных языков растет с каждым днем. Есть вероятность, что дисциплина будет введена в качестве обязательной, поэтому стоит уделять английскому языку особое внимание в процессе школьного обучения. Единый государственный экзамен – итоговое испытание для всех школьников, в процессе которого проверяют уровень компетентности испытуемого в ряде дисциплин. Но для подготовки к ЕГЭ по иностранным языкам мало знаний, требуется умение применять их на практике, работать над заданиями разных типов и уровней сложности, воспринимать речь на слух, читать, писать, отлично знать грамматику. Дополнительные факторы успеха – умение рационально распределять время на решение разных заданий и крепкая нервная система.

В 2018 году английский язык сдавали в 2 этапа – письменную и устную части. Навыки и знания в письме проверяли в один день, остальные задания – в другой.
Письмо проверяется заданиями на грамматику, лексику, аудированием, чтением. Всего 40 заданий, на которые выделяется 180 минут. Максимальное количество баллов – 80.
Устная часть не является обязательной для экзаменуемых – она дает еще 20 баллов. Рекомендуется не отказываться от возможности получить дополнительные баллы, которые могут пригодиться при поступлении. На этот этап испытания дают 15 минут, за которые нужно выполнить 4 задания. Если устная часть провалена, баллы за письмо не страдают.

Аудирование – задания, которые проверяют умение учеников воспринимать речь на слух. Испытуемым предлагают несколько фрагментов на английском языке, которые необходимо прослушать и ответить на предложенные вопросы. Фрагменты включают 2 раза. Темы разнообразные, в рамках программы: погода, репортажи, записи передач и другие. Чтобы ответить правильно, важно понимать услышанное! Также при прослушивании рекомендуется внимательно слушать фоновые звуки. Для подготовки к этому этапу, чаще слушайте английскую речь – поможет просмотр фильмов, передач.
Чтение: предлагается текст, который нужно успешно воспринять, понять смысл и ответить на вопросы. В идеале – понятными должны быть около 95-97% слов. Подготовка очень простая – больше читать на английском и учить новые слова.
Грамматика – наиболее легкий вариант по формату. Нужно вставлять пропущенные слова, исправлять ошибки, менять форму слов, согласно правилам. Подготовка требует повторения грамматики.
Письмо: требуется написать сочинение на заданную тему. Это может быть объявление, письмо, эссе. Требуется не только грамотность, но и соблюдение правильной структуры текста.

«Решу ЕГЭ по английскому языку» поможет потренироваться в решении заданий разной сложности по дисциплине.

Аннотация к книге

:

Тематические тестовые задания по английскому языку ориентированы на подготовку учащихся средней школы для успешной сдачи Единого государственного экзамена.

В начале каждого раздела даются пошаговые инструкции по эффективному выполнению данного тестового задания ЕГЭ. Инструкции сопровождаются тренировочными заданиями на отработку приемов, необходимых для успешной сдачи ЕГЭ в разделах «Аудирование», «Чтение», «Грамматика и лексика» и «Письмо». В разделе «Письмо» преподаватели и учащиеся найдут также параметры и критерии оценки обеих частей письменной работы, что поможет им точнее понять, на что следует обращать внимание при подготовке и написании личного письма и эссе.

Помимо тренировочных заданий в пособии предлагаются два полных варианта пробного экзамена и образцы бланков для внесения ответов, что позволяет смоделировать ситуацию реального экзамена.

Аудио-файлы содержат тексты к заданиям по аудированию, воспроизведенные профессиональными дикторами — носителями языка.

1. Скачать бесплатно книгу — сборник заданий «ЕГЭ 2016. Английский язык. Типовые тестовые задания» в формате PDF

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2. Скачать бесплатно аудио-файлы к книге — сборнику заданий «ЕГЭ 2016. Английский язык. Типовые тестовые задания» в формате MP3 (архив RAR)

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Другие вы можете найти в одноименном разделе нашего клуба родителей.

Все книги хранятся на нашем «Яндекс.Диске» и наличие платы за их загрузку, а также вирусов и других гадостей полностью исключено.

ЕГЭ 2016. Английский язык. Типовые тестовые задания (PDF+MP3)
was last modified: Март 9th, 2016
by Koskin

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09.03.2016

На этой странице приведены демонстрационные варианты ЕГЭ по английскому языку за 2003 — 2019 годы
.

Начиная с 2015 года, ЕГЭ по английскому языку
состоит из двух частей
: письменной и устной,
включающих в себя пять разделов: «аудирование», «чтение», «грамматика и лексика», «письмо» (письменная часть) и «говорение» (устная часть).

К заданиям первых трех разделов в демонстрационных вариантах даны ответы, а для заданий четвертого и пятого разделов приведены критерии оценивания.

В по сравнению с уточнены критерии оценивания выполнения задания 40 раздела «Письмо» в письменной части экзамена, а также формулировка задания 40, в котором участнику экзамена предлагаются на выбор две темы развернутого письменного высказывания с элементами рассуждения «Мое мнение».

Демонстрационные варианты ЕГЭ по английскому языку

Отметим, что демонстрационные варианты
представлены в формате pdf, и для их просмотра необходимо, чтобы на Вашем компьютере был установлен, например, свободно распространяемый программный пакет Adobe Reader.

	Демонстрационный вариант ЕГЭ по английскому языку за 2003 год
	Демонстрационный вариант ЕГЭ по английскому языку за 2004 год
	Демонстрационный вариант ЕГЭ по английскому языку за 2005 год
	Демонстрационный вариант ЕГЭ по английскому языку за 2006 год
	Демонстрационный вариант ЕГЭ по английскому языку за 2007 год
	Демонстрационный вариант ЕГЭ по английскому языку за 2008 год
	Демонстрационный вариант ЕГЭ по английскому языку за 2009 год
	Демонстрационный вариант ЕГЭ по английскому языку за 2010 год
	Демонстрационный вариант ЕГЭ по английскому языку за 2011 год
	Демонстрационный вариант ЕГЭ по английскому языку за 2012 год
	Демонстрационный вариант ЕГЭ по английскому языку за 2013 год
	Демонстрационный вариант ЕГЭ по английскому языку за 2014 год
	Демонстрационный вариант ЕГЭ по английскому языку за 2015 год (письменная часть)
	Демонстрационный вариант ЕГЭ по английскому языку за 2015 год (устная часть)
	Демонстрационный вариант ЕГЭ по английскому языку за 2016 год (письменная часть)
	Демонстрационный вариант ЕГЭ по английскому языку за 2016 год (устная часть)
	Демонстрационный вариант ЕГЭ по английскому языку за 2017 год (письменная часть)
	Демонстрационный вариант ЕГЭ по английскому языку за 2017 год (устная часть)
	Демонстрационный вариант ЕГЭ по английскому языку за 2018 год (письменная часть)
	Демонстрационный вариант ЕГЭ по английскому языку за 2018 год (устная часть)
	Демонстрационный вариант ЕГЭ по английскому языку за 2019 год (письменная часть)
	Демонстрационный вариант ЕГЭ по английскому языку за 2019 год (устная часть)

Изменения в демонстрационных вариантах ЕГЭ по английскому языку

Демонстрационные варианты ЕГЭ по английскому языку для 11 класса за 2004 — 2008 годы
включали в себя пять разделов: «аудирование», «чтение», «грамматика и лексика», «письмо», «говорение». К заданиям первых трех разделов в демонстрационных вариантах были даны ответы, а для заданий четвертого и пятого разделов приведены критерии оценивания.

Демонстрационные варианты ЕГЭ по английскому языку для 11 класса за 2009 — 2014 годы
состояли уже из четырех разделов: «аудирование», «чтение», «грамматика и лексика», «письмо». К заданиям первых трех разделов в демонстрационных вариантах были даны ответы, а для заданий четвертого раздела приведены критерии оценивания.

Таким образом, из демонстрационных вариантов ЕГЭ 2009 — 2014 годов
был исключен раздел «говорение».

В 2015 году
ЕГЭ по английскому языку
стал состоять из двух частей
: письменной и устной
. Демонстрационной вариант письменной части ЕГЭ 2015 года по английскому языку
по сравнению с демонстрационным вариантом ЕГЭ 2014 года имел следующие отличия:

Нумерация
заданий была сквозной
по всему варианту без буквенных обозначений А, В, С.
Была изменена форма записи ответа в заданиях с выбором ответа:
ответ стало нужно записывать цифрой с номером правильного ответа (а не отмечать крестиком).
Задания по аудированию А1-А7
демонстрационного варианта 2014 года были трансформированы в задание 2
письменной части демонстрационного варианта 2015 года.

В 2015 году
в ЕГЭ по английскому языку
вновь вернулся раздел «говорение»
, теперь уже в виде устной части ЕГЭ
.

В демонстрационных вариантах ЕГЭ 2016 — 2018 годов по английскому языку
по сравнению с демонстрационным вариантом 2015 года по английскому языку
существенных изменений не было:
были уточнены формулировки заданий устной части экзамена и критерии их оценивания.

В демонстрационном варианте ЕГЭ 2019 года по английскому языку
по сравнению с демонстрационным вариантом 2018 года по английскому языку
были уточнены критерии оценивания выполнения задания 40 раздела «Письмо» в письменной части экзамена, а также формулировка задания 40, в котором участнику экзамена были предложены на выбор две темы развернутого письменного высказывания с элементами рассуждения «Мое мнение».

На нашем сайте можно также ознакомиться с подготовленными преподавателями нашего учебного центра «Резольвента» учебными материалами для подготовки к ЕГЭ по математике .

Для школьников 10 и 11 классов, желающих хорошо подготовиться и сдать ЕГЭ по математике или русскому языку
на высокий балл, учебный центр «Резольвента» проводит

У нас также для школьников организованы

Все чаще в нашу школу обращаются родители школьников с просьбой подготовить будущих выпускников к ЕГЭ по английскому языку 2018. Поэтому мы решили написать подробную статью, в которой расскажем, как готовиться к этому экзамену: рассмотрим его структуру и приведем практические советы для успешной сдачи каждой части ЕГЭ, а также представим лучшие учебники и онлайн-ресурсы для подготовки к этому непростому испытанию.

Что представляет собой ЕГЭ по английскому языку 2018

ЕГЭ по английскому языку 2018 — это выпускной экзамен в школе, который засчитывается в качестве вступительного экзамена в вуз, поэтому так важно сдать его на высокий балл. Пока этот экзамен не является обязательным, но если выпускник собирается поступать в профильный вуз, ему нужно пройти это испытание.

По структуре и уровню сложности ЕГЭ похож на международный экзамен FCE. Это значит, что для успешной сдачи ученик должен иметь уровень (выше среднего). Это высокая ступень, поэтому мы рекомендуем начинать готовиться к ЕГЭ по английскому уже с 10 класса, тогда за 2 года школьник сможет в нормальном темпе освоить весь необходимый объем материала.

В принципе, можно подготовиться к сдаче экзамена и за 1 год, но только в том случае, если на момент начала подготовки ученик уже владеет английским на уровне (средний). Не знаете, каким уровнем обладает выпускник? Тогда предложите ему пройти .

Как же проходит ЕГЭ по английскому языку в 2018 году? Экзамен состоит из письменной и устной частей, которые проводятся в разные дни. В один день школьники сдают письменную часть, она включает такие разделы: аудирование, чтение, письмо, грамматика и лексика. Всего в этот день выпускнику нужно выполнить 40 заданий за 180 минут. Ученик может получить максимум 20 баллов за каждый из разделов. Таким образом, за этот день можно набрать 80 баллов.

Вторая часть — устная — проходит в другой день и сдается по желанию
. Она длится всего 15 минут и состоит из 4 заданий. В этот день выпускник может заработать еще 20 баллов. Мы настоятельно советуем всем выпускникам обязательно сдавать устную часть: в случае неудачных ответов вы ничего не теряете, а в случае удачных
— заработаете дополнительные баллы
.

Таким образом, выпускник на экзамене может набрать максимум 100 баллов. Минимальный балл для сдачи экзамена составляет 22 балла.

Ниже мы представим таблицу перевода баллов ЕГЭ по английскому в пятибалльную систему.

Результаты ЕГЭ обычно публикуются через 14 дней после сдачи второй части экзамена, но в некоторых случаях они известны уже через 12 дней. Узнать свои результаты можно на официальном сайте ЕГЭ , заполнив все необходимые поля. Бумажные сертификаты ЕГЭ отменили в 2014 году, поэтому теперь доступны только электронные сертификаты.

Структура ЕГЭ по английскому языку 2018 и принципы успешной сдачи каждой части

В этой главе мы подробно расскажем вам о том, какие задания предстоит выполнить выпускнику в каждой из частей экзамена. Кроме того, мы приведем советы от наших преподавателей, которые готовят школьников к сдаче ЕГЭ. Кстати, если вы ищете учителя, который подготовит вашего ребенка к экзамену, обратите внимание на . Они занимаются этим уже не первый год и выработали свою стратегию успешной подготовки, знают, какие подводные камни ждут на экзамене, какие типичные ошибки допускают школьники и как избавиться от этих ошибок.

В качестве примера мы представим вам демонстрационный вариант ЕГЭ по английскому, предоставленный официальным сайтом Федерального института педагогических измерений fipi.ru .

Аудирование

Аудирование длится 30 минут и состоит из трех частей. Первые две части — это первое и второе задание соответственно, а третья часть — это задания №3-9 (из общего списка 40 заданий).

Аудирование на ЕГЭ по английскому в 2018 году включает в себя 3 аудиофрагмента, объединенных в одну запись. Экзаменаторы включают запись и не останавливают ее до самого конца, однако между фрагментами есть паузы для чтения заданий и переноса ответов в бланк. За каждый верный ответ в этой и остальных частях экзамена ученик получает по 1 баллу. Давайте посмотрим, что выпускнику предстоит делать на аудировании.

Задание 1:
Дано 7 утверждений. Ученик слушает 6 высказываний и соотносит их с утверждениями, одно из которых лишнее.

6 баллов.

Пример:

Аудирование, задание 1

Задание 2:
Дано 7 утверждений. Школьник слушает диалог и определяет, какие утверждения соответствуют содержанию диалога (True), какие не соответствуют (False), а какие не упоминаются в нем (Not Stated).

Максимальное количество баллов:
7 баллов.

Пример:

Аудирование, задание 2

Задание 3:
Дано 7 вопросов, к каждому из них предлагается по 3 варианта ответа. Ученик слушает аудиозапись и подбирает верный ответ к каждому вопросу.

Максимальное количество баллов:
7 баллов.

Пример:

Аудирование, задание 3

Наши советы:

При подготовке к экзамену нужно выполнять как можно больше заданий на аудирование именно в экзаменационном формате
. Так выпускник привыкнет быстро читать задания и улавливать в речи ключевые слова, которые помогут найти верный ответ.
При выборе ответа нужно опираться не на упоминаемые в речи диктора слова, а на смысл его слов. Так, например, в своей речи он может тем или иным образом упоминать все ответы к заданию, но если вникнуть в сказанное, то можно понять, что правильный ответ всего один.

Чтение

Чтение длится 30 минут и состоит из 3 частей (9 заданий). На каждую часть мы советуем тратить не более 10 минут, чтобы уложиться в отведенные полчаса.

Задание 1:
Дано 7 коротких текстов (3-6 предложений в каждом) и 8 заголовков. Нужно прочитать тексты и подобрать к каждому из них соответствующий заголовок. При этом 1 заголовок будет лишним.

Максимальное количество баллов:
7 баллов.

Пример:

Чтение, задание 1

Задание 2:
Дан текст, в котором есть 6 пропусков. Ниже дано 7 отрывков, 6 из которых необходимо вставить на место пропусков.

Максимальное количество баллов:
6 баллов.

Пример:

Чтение, задание 2

Задание 3:
Дан небольшой текст и 7 вопросов к нему. К каждому вопросу есть 4 варианта ответа, из которых нужно выбрать 1 правильный.

Максимальное количество баллов:
7 баллов.

Пример:

Чтение, задание 3

Наши советы:

При выполнении первого задания нужно искать ключевые слова, которые укажут на смысл текста и помогут найти нужный заголовок. Кроме того, часто основной смысл абзаца отражается в первом предложении, а в остальных даются какие-то мелкие детали. Поэтому в некоторых случаях нужно просто внимательно прочитать первое предложение, чтобы правильно выполнить задание.
Чтобы успешно выполнить второе задание, необходимо хорошо разбираться в том, как строятся в английском сложные предложения. Дело в том, что пропущенная часть в большинстве случаев — это часть сложносочиненного или сложноподчиненного предложения. Например, если школьник понимает, что в придаточном предложении who используется в отношении людей, which — предметов, а where — мест, он успешно сможет выполнить бо́льшую часть заданий. Также нужно повторить, например, что инфинитив используется для выражения цели.
В третьем задании вопросы располагаются в том порядке, в котором к ним даются ответы в тексте. То есть ответ на первый вопрос будет в начале текста, а не в середине или конце, ответ на второй вопрос — после ответа на первый и т. д.

Грамматика и лексика

Этот раздел ЕГЭ по английскому 2018 года проверяет знания грамматических конструкций и словарный запас выпускника. На его выполнение ученику дается 40 минут. Давайте посмотрим, что предстоит делать школьнику.

Задание 1:
Дан текст, в котором пропущено 7 слов. Справа от текста приведены слова, которые нужно преобразовать грамматически (например, поставить глагол в нужное время) и вставить на место пропуска.

Максимальное количество баллов:
7 баллов.

Пример:

Грамматика и лексика, задание 1

Задание 2:
Дан текст с 6 пропусками. Справа приведены слова, которые нужно преобразовать и лексически, и грамматически — образовать однокоренное слово, подходящее по смыслу к тексту.

Максимальное количество баллов:
6 баллов.

Пример:

Грамматика и лексика, задание 2

Задание 3:
Дан текст с 7 пропусками. Вам нужно подобрать к каждому из них 1 верный вариант ответа из четырех предложенных.

Максимальное количество баллов:
7 баллов.

Пример:

Грамматика и лексика, задание 3

Наши советы:

Преобразование слова в первой части, как правило, происходит по следующему принципу. Если вам дан глагол, его нужно либо употребить в правильном времени, либо поставить в правильную форму залога (активную или пассивную), либо образовать от него причастие. Если дано прилагательное, надо поставить его в сравнительную или превосходную степень. Если нужно изменить числительное, скорее всего, надо сделать его порядковым.
Во второй части в основном проверяется знание суффиксов и приставок, в том числе отрицательных, умение образовывать разные части речи от однокоренного слова.
В третьей части чаще всего проверяется знание сочетаемости слов, так называемые collocations. Кроме того, из 4 слов вам нужно будет выбрать наиболее подходящее по смыслу, то есть надо знать разницу между похожими словами, вчитываться в контекст.

Письмо

На написание и проверку 2 письменных работ выпускнику дается 80 минут.

Задание 1:
Дан текст короткого письма от друга, в котором задаются вопросы. Ученику нужно прочитать его и написать письмо-ответ: ответить на вопросы друга и задать вопросы ему.

Объем:
100-140 слов.

Максимальное количество баллов:
6 баллов.

Пример:

Письмо, задание 1

Письмо другу пишется в неформальном стиле. Структура этой работы следующая:

Оформляем «шапку»
В правом верхнем углу пишем адрес: на верхней строчке указываем город, под ним — страну проживания. Не надо писать улицу и номер дома
: это может расцениваться, как разглашение конфиденциальной информации, даже если адрес вымышленный.

После адреса пропускаем 1 строчку и пишем дату написания письма все в том же верхнем правом углу.

Далее, как обычно, слева пишем неофициальное обращение: Dear Tom/Jim (имя будет дано в задании). Здесь недопустимо писать Hello. После обращения ставим запятую и продолжаем писать текст письма с новой строчки.
Текст письма
Каждый абзац начинаем писать с красной строки.

В первом абзаце нужно поблагодарить друга за полученное письмо (Thanks a lot for your last letter) и извиниться, что вы не написали раньше (Sorry I haven’t been in touch for so long). Также можно упомянуть какой-то факт из полученного письма.

В четвертом абзаце нужно подвести итог — сообщить, что вы заканчиваете письмо (I’ve got to go now! It’s time for my favourite TV show), и предложить поддерживать связь (Take care and keep in touch!).
Конец письма
В конце вам нужно написать завершающую фразу-клише, после которой всегда ставится запятая: All the best, Best wishes, и т. д.

На следующей строке под этой фразой вы указываете свое имя.

Задание 2:
Дано утверждение (обычно спорное). Выпускник пишет эссе, в котором рассуждает на эту тему, высказывает свою точку зрения, а также приводит противоположное мнение и объясняет, почему он с ним не согласен.

Объем:
200-250 слов.

Максимальное количество баллов:
14 баллов.

Пример:

Письмо, задание 2

Эссе пишется в нейтральном стиле и состоит из 5 абзацев:

Вступление: формулируем тему-проблему и сразу указываем, что есть две противоположные точки зрения.
Ваше мнение: выражаем свою точку зрения (одну) по этому вопросу и приводим 2-3 аргумента, которые ее подтверждают.
Противоположные мнения: пишем 1-2 противоположные точки зрения и приводим аргументы в пользу их существования.
Выражаем несогласие: поясняем, почему не согласны с вышеуказанными точками зрения, и приводим аргументы в защиту собственного мнения. При этом они не должны повторять аргументы из пункта 2.
Заключение: делаем вывод по данной теме, указываем, что существуют разные точки зрения, и окончательно подтверждаем свою точку зрения.

Наши советы:

Придерживаться требуемого объема. Допустимо на 10% отклоняться от указанного количества слов, то есть можно написать от 90 до 154 слов в письме и от 180 до 275 — в эссе. Если выпускник напишет хотя бы на 1 слово меньше (89), ему поставят 0 баллов за задание. Если лимит будет превышен, экзаменатор отсчитает 140 слов в письме или 250 в эссе и будет оценивать его, притом снимет баллы за незавершенную работу, оформление задания, раскрытие темы и т. д.
Избегать абзацев, состоящих из одного предложения, нужно дополнять и аргументировать каждую свою мысль. Для этого можно использовать конструкции In my opinion, I believe и т. д.
Следить за стилем письменных работ: в письме допустимы разговорные выражения вроде Guess what? или Wish me luck!, а в эссе лучше придерживаться более формального стиля. Важно не переусердствовать с «неформальностями»: всевозможные well, cause и сленговые выражения недопустимы.
Использовать слова-связки , они делают текст логичным, позволяют дополнять или противопоставлять предложения.

Устная речь

Устная часть экзамена самая короткая, она занимает всего 15 минут. Выпускнику нужно успеть выполнить целых 4 задания, за которые можно получить максимум 20 баллов. Ученик сдает задания перед компьютером, его ответы записываются при помощи гарнитуры, а на экране показывается отсчет времени. В аудитории при этом присутствует организатор, который следит за ходом экзамена.

Задание 1:
На экране отображается текст научно-популярного характера. За 1,5 минуты нужно подготовиться и в следующие 1,5 минуты выразительно прочитать его вслух.

Время выполнения:
не более 3 минут.

Максимальное количество баллов:
1 балл.

Пример:

Устная речь, задание 1

Время выполнения:
около 3 минут.

Максимальное количество баллов:
5 баллов.

Пример:

Устная речь, задание 2

Задание 3:
Показывают 3 фотографии. Нужно выбрать 1 и описать ее по предложенному тут же в задании плану.

Время выполнения:
около 3,5 минут.

Максимальное количество баллов:
7 баллов.

Пример:

Устная речь, задание 3

Задание 4:
Даны 2 картинки. Нужно сравнить их, описать сходства и различия, объяснить, почему выбранная тематика близка выпускнику.

Время выполнения:
около 3,5 минут.

Максимальное количество баллов:
7 баллов.

Пример:

Устная речь, задание 4

Наши советы:

Воспользуйтесь онлайн-тренажером устной части экзамена
на сайте injaz.ege.edu.ru . Он полностью имитирует экзамен, так что вы познакомитесь с форматом и поймете, что конкретно вам нужно делать, в какое время укладываться и т. д.
Для отработки первой части экзамена нужно брать тексты разной тематики и учиться читать их с правильным выражением
: в речи должны быть паузы, логические ударения, естественная интонация. Кроме того, выпускник должен укладываться в полторы минуты, ведь балл снижается, если текст не дочитан до конца. Однако торопиться тоже нельзя, ведь проверяется не скорость чтения, а умение выразительно прочитать текст.
Чтобы успешно выполнить второе задание, нужно учиться задавать вопросы к различным текстам
. В принципе, само задание элементарное, большинство ошибок связано с потерей вспомогательного глагола или неправильным его согласованием с существительным. Эта проблема легко решается с помощью многократного выполнения упражнений на составление вопросов.
В третьем задании экзаменуемому нужно выбрать 1 фото из 3 предложенных и описать его. Здесь наш главный совет — внимательно читать задание
. Дело в том, что оно немного изменяется каждый год, поэтому учитесь отвечать соответственно формулировкам 2018 года. В 2018 году выпускникам предстоит описывать фотографию другу, то есть в монологе должно звучать обращение к нему. Кроме того, необходимо отвечать на все вопросы в задании
, например, если сказано where and when the photo was taken, вам нужно ответить на оба вопроса — где и когда. В начале надо обязательно сообщить, о каком фото пойдет речь (I’ve chosen photo number…). Не забывайте также о вступительной (Would you like to have a look at my picture? / I’d like to show you a picture from my photo album.) и заключительной (That’s all for now. / I hope you liked my picture.) фразах, которые делают речь логичной.
В четвертом задании нужно сделать основной упор в речи на сравнение картинок
, а не их описании. При этом нужно использовать речевые клише
: The first picture depicts… whereas/while the second picture depicts…, The main difference is that…, In comparison to the first picture, this one… и т. д. Больше подобных речевых клише вы выучите с помощью нашей статьи «Фразы для сравнения и противопоставления ».

Учебники и сайты для подготовки к ЕГЭ по английскому языку 2018

Теперь вы знакомы со структурой экзамена и понимаете, что выпускникам предстоит непростое испытание. Однако ЕГЭ по английскому в 2018 году можно сдать легко и успешно, если заранее хорошенько к нему подготовиться. И в этом ученику поможет в первую очередь хороший преподаватель, а также ресурсы для подготовки к этому экзамену. Мы хотим познакомить вас с некоторыми учебниками и сайтами, которые наши преподаватели используют при подготовке своих студентов к ЕГЭ. Возьмите на заметку хотя бы несколько из них.

Серия учебников Macmillan Exam Skills for Russia включает в себя книги по подготовке к каждой части ЕГЭ. Благодаря аутентичным текстам и заданиям эта серия — одна из лучших для подготовки к экзаменам. Эти книги довольно сложные, поэтому заниматься по ним мы рекомендуем школьникам с уровнем не ниже Intermediate.
«Типовые экзаменационные варианты ЕГЭ под редакцией Вербицкой» — существуют в различных вариациях, включают в себя типовые задания ЕГЭ с ответами. С помощью книги можно проверить, насколько хорошо выпускник готов к сдаче экзамена.
fipi.ru — официальный сайт Федерального института педагогических измерений, на котором представлен большой банк типовых заданий к ЕГЭ. На указанной странице кликните по надписи «Английский язык» и в открывшейся вкладке слева выберите навык, который хотите тренировать. Обратите внимание: на сайте нет ответов к заданиям, поэтому, чтобы старания выпускника не пропали зря, мы советуем заниматься с преподавателем и передавать выполненные задания ему на проверку.

, talkenglish.com , podcastsinenglish.com — сайты с обучающими подкастами на английском языке. На них, конечно, нет типовых заданий для ЕГЭ, зато можно потренировать навык восприятия речи на слух интересным способом и немного отвлечься от однотипных заданий к экзамену.

Наш преподаватель Наталья подготовила уже не один десяток отличников к ЕГЭ по английскому языку, в своей статье «Exam, be good to me, или Как успешно сдать ЕГЭ по английскому » она делится личным опытом и советами для выпускников.

Итак, теперь вы представляете себе объемы работы и знаете секреты успешной сдачи ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Мы желаем всем выпускникам легких экзаменов и высоких баллов! А если вы еще не нашли подходящего учителя, запишитесь к нам на .

A. EASILY LEARNED
B. EXTREMELY DANGEROUS
C. SADLY DISAPPEARING
D. RARELY BEATEN
E. SURPRISINGLY SUCCESSFUL
F. QUICKLY GROWING

	A B C D E F	Draughts (or ‘checkers’ as the Americans call it) is one of the most popular games around the world. The rules are simple. Even young children have no problem working out how to play. The top players study moves in the same way chess players do but anyone can pick it up and have a go. Getting to a high standard takes a lot of hard work and practice but the basics are not particularly difficult.
	A B C D E F	Since 1997, when the game of Ultima Online became popular, many thousands of people have played all kinds of games online – and the numbers are still increasing rapidly. Every year, more and more people discover the pleasures of playing over the internet and the next generation of games consoles are being designed with that in mind. There seems to be no sign that this explosion in online games will stop any time soon.
	A B C D E F	It has been called the greatest phenomenon in the history of games, but when Trivial Pursuit was created by two friends in 1981, few people had any idea what a hit it would be. It was a quiz game and none of the games companies expected it to do well, until an American company became interested in it. Many millions of Trivial Pursuit games have been sold since then in 19 languages and 33 different countries.
	A B C D E F	Tigran Vartanovich Petrosian was chess world champion from 1963 to 1969. He dominated the game during those years and almost never lost. He was known as a player who was strong in defence and very few players got the better of him. In fact, his defensive play was so good that he was known as ‘Iron Tigran’. When he did lose, it was big news in Moscow chess circles.
	A B C D E F	It seems that there have been some big changes in the British playground. Twenty years ago, traditional games were played in every school across the country during the break. These days, they are quickly being replaced by hand-held games consoles and other electronic games. Before long, there is a danger that traditional games could die out. Once they are forgotten, it may be impossible to bring these enjoyable pastimes back to the playground.

Although I left university with a good degree, I suddenly found that it was
actually quite hard to find a job. After being unemployed for a few months,
I realised I had to take the first thing that came along or I’d be in serious
financial difficulties. And so, for six very long months, I became a market
research telephone interviewer.

I knew it wasn’t the best company in the world when they told me that I’d
have to undergo three days of training before starting work, and that I wouldn’t
get paid for any of it. Still, I knew that the hourly rate when I actually
did start full time would be good. So, I thought of the money I’d earn and
put up with three days of unpaid training. Whatever those three days taught
me, I wasn’t prepared for the way I would be treated by the supervisors.

It was worse than being at school. There were about twenty interviewers like
myself, each sitting in a small, dark booth with an ancient computer and a
dirty telephone. The booths were around the walls of the fifth floor of a concrete
office block, and the supervisors sat in the middle of the room, listening
to all of our telephone interviews. We weren’t allowed to talk to each other,
and if we took more than about two seconds from ending one phone call and starting
another, they would shout at us to hurry up and get on with our jobs. We even
had to ask permission to go to the toilet. I was amazed how slowly the day
went.

It wouldn’t have been so bad if what we were doing had been useful. But it
wasn’t. Most of our interviews were for a major telecommunications company.
We’d have to ring up businesses and ask them things like, ‘Is your telecoms
budget more than three million pounds a year?’ The chances are we’d get the
reply, ‘Oh, I don’t think so. I’ll ask my husband. This is a corner shop. We’ve
only got one phone.’ And so the day went on.

The most frightening aspect of the job was that I was actually quite good
at it. ‘Oh no!’ I thought. ‘Maybe I’m destined to be a market researcher for
the rest of my life.’ My boss certainly seemed to think so. One day – during
a break, of course – she ordered me into her office. ‘Simon,’ she said, ‘I’m
promoting you. From tomorrow, you’re off telecoms and onto credit card complaints.
I’m sure you can handle it. There’s no extra pay, but it is a very responsible
position.’

Three weeks later I quit. It was one of the best decisions I’ve ever made.

	Why did the writer become a market research telephone interviewer?
	A	He had completely run out of money.
	B	He had the right university degree for the job.
	C	It was the first job he was offered.
	D	He knew it was only for six months.

	The writer had doubts about the company when
	A	they only offered him three days of training.
	B	they told him he wouldn’t receive payment for his training.
	C	they told him he had to be trained first.
	D	he was told what the hourly rate would be.

	His workplace could best be described as
	A	large and noisy.
	B	silent and dirty.
	C	untidy and crowded.
	D	old-fashioned and uncomfortable.

	What would have made the job more bearable?
	A	knowing that he was carrying out a valuable service
	B	being able to phone much larger companies
	C	not having to talk to shopkeepers
	D	not having to ring up businesses

	What was unusual about Simon’s promotion?
	A	It showed how good he was at his job.
	B	It meant he would be phoning different people.
	C	It involved greater responsibility.
	D	There was no increase in salary.

11	The Russian writer Anton Chekhov, who was born in 1860 and died in 1904, made an enormous to modern literature. His	CONTRIBUTE
	success was a remarkable , and came despite the fact
13	that Chekhov’s family lived in severe poverty for much of his .
	Chekhov’s works have had a great influence on 20th century literature in many ways, particularly in terms of plot and narrative structure, and character .
	Even today, more than a hundred years after his , Chekhov’s stories are extremely popular all over the world.

Ruth knocked on the door. Dr Johansson opened it and led her excitedly inside.
She had called him the day before to (16) ______
a
b
c
d
_______ a few facts for an article
she was writing for the newspaper – Dr Johansson was a leading expert in physics
– and he had invited her to go and see his latest experiment. At first, she
had tried to (17) _____
a
b
c
d
_______ out of it, remembering the hours of physics
lessons she had sat through at school. However, he had insisted (18) ______
a
b
c
d
______
seeing her, saying that she wouldn’t regret it. As they walked into the laboratory,
Ruth wondered exactly what she was letting herself in for. A cat sat on a workbench.
It opened one eye lazily and looked at her. There was a black box connected
to a computer and another black box on the other side of the room.
‘Now, Miss Evans,’ said Dr Johansson, with a slight foreign (19) ______
a
b
c
d
______.
‘What you are about to see may change the world forever!’
He pushed a couple of buttons and a low hum filled the room. ‘I have been conducting
experiments on this for three years, and finally I have succeeded.’
Dr Johansson picked up the cat and placed it in the black box, closing the
lid gently. He stood Ruth next to the other black box.
‘The transportation of a living creature!’ Dr Johansson said triumphantly,
and he pressed a final button. There was a spark of electricity in the air.
He opened the box and the cat had disappeared.
‘You…you’ve killed it!’ Ruth shouted. Dr Johansson smiled and pointed to the
black box next to her. He (20) ______
a
b
c
d
______ her to look inside. She slowly
lifted the lid. The cat looked up at her, then closed its eyes and settled
down for a nap.

Подробности: 12675


Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST 25 ( part 3)

Bill, Bingo and Bram

Bill Smith had a A22 ……………….. with dogs, a kind of power over them. They would sit in awe of him, would listen to him and would slink away sheepishly if they had growled near him. It was a skill I had cause to be thankful for once or twice. The odd thing was that Bram, the last dog Bill owned, had died in 1925 — fifty years distant.

Bill was a retired, A23 ……………….. bachelor. He lived alone in the small terraced house next door but two from us. A24 ……………….. a number of occasions, I visited Bill’s house, and it seemed that it hadn’t really changed much from the 50s. There were hints that some articles had been undisturbed apart A25 ……………….. the occasional silverfish or visiting woodlouse, since the 1930s.

Through the years, my family had a. total of four dogs. We actually had no photographs whatever of the first two. Dogs had only played walk-on parts in my family. As far as I was A27 ……………….., the all defining object in a house was a television. There was one in Bill’s house. It stood like a lonely, redundant sentinel in a dank corner of his empty living room and seemed cold and unused. When I asked Bill what he watched, he answered that the set didn’t work, it needed a new plug, and he hadn’t A28 ……………….. to get it fixed. And what’s more, he didn’t miss it. To me this was unimaginable — how could a person have a TV and not use it?

A22	1) way	2) control	3) method	4) skill
A23	1) long-lasting	2) longterm	3) long-life	4) lifelong
A24	1) On	2) At	3) With	4) For
A25	1) for	2) with	3) from	4) of
A26	1) in	2) on	3) at	4) by
A27	1) regarded	2) concerned	3) told	4) asked
A28	1) suggested	2) succeeded	3) bothered	4) minded

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