Задание №9079.
Чтение. ЕГЭ по английскому
Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
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What should people consider to cut in relation to the climate change, according to the author?
1) Use of refillable bottles.
2) Meat production.
3) Level of environmental consciousness.
4) Development of eco-industry.
Решение:
What should people consider to cut in relation to the climate change, according to the author? Meat production.
Что, по мнению автора, следует учитывать в связи с изменением климата? Производство мяса.
«… there is now a more pressing matter for humans to turn their attention to in order to slow global climate change: the animal industry.»
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Источник: ФИПИ. Открытый банк тестовых заданий
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What is the author’s method of maintaining a healthy diet?
1) Carefully choosing in on-campus restaurant.
2) Changing a restaurant daily.
3) Eating less.
4) Trying new dishes on the menu.
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1
According to the author students turn to fast food when …
1) their schedule is well adjusted.
2) they are short of time.
3) they live close to the campus.
4) they have no willpower.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
2
What does the author think about eating opportunities on campus?
1) She believes they need to provide more organic food.
2) She thinks they do a great job providing salads at a reasonable price.
3) She can’t understand why they offer so many fast food choices.
4) She thinks that meals from Taco Bell are too expensive.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
3
What is NOT characteristic of the author’s eating habits?
1) She avoids eating meat.
2) She misses lunches.
3) She studies the menus attentively.
4) She tries to vary the food she eats.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
4
What is, according to the author, the best way to stop eating fast food?
1) Visit fast food restaurants not more than once a year.
2) To replace it with the animal-style fries.
3) Not to walk near fast food restaurants.
4) To stick to the decision not to eat it.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
5
What does «it» in paragraph 7 refer to («Just the same, it can help…»)?
1) Finding a perfect solution to eating on campus.
2) Cooking your own meals.
3) Creativity in a dining hall.
4) Eating outside of dining halls.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
6
What is the purpose of the article?
1) To give advice on eating healthy food on campus.
2) To convince the reader that eating the same food every day is unhealthy.
3) To classify on-campus eateries.
4) To prove that daily consumption of fast food is harmful.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
Task 3. You are going to give an interview. You have to answer five questions. Give full answers to the questions (2−3 sentences). Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.
Tapescript for Task 3
Interviewer: Hello everybody! It’s Teenagers Round the World Channel. Our guest today is a teenager from Russia and we are going to discuss health. We’d like to know our guest’s point of view on this issue. Please answer five questions. So, let’s get started.
Interviewer: What region of Russia do you live in? Is it a healthy place to live in?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: What role do sports play in staying healthy?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: What kind of diet is good for your body?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: How would you describe your lifestyle?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: Do your friends and family have an active lifestyle?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: Thank you very much for your interview.
Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды.
Воспользуйтесь плеером, чтобы прослушать запись.
1. Don’t rely on others to improve your own eating habits.
2. It’s difficult to eat healthily when you are poor.
3. There is no time to cook when you’re working.
4. The government should do more to help people.
5. We should learn from different cultures.
6. The wrong things are taught in schools.
7. Some people don’t care that their diet is unhealthy.
| Говорящий | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| Утверждение |
Расшифровка записи
Speaker A. (A boy aged about. 20) Everyone I talk to seems to eat rubbish. I can’t understand it. When I ask them if they learned about health and nutrition at school, they say they did. We are all students so we have plenty of time to cook. One of my friends eats fried chicken every day. When I tell him how unhealthy it is, he just smiles and says: ‘I know, but it’s delicious’!
Speaker В. (A woman aged about. 40) Why do people eat so badly in this country? I think it’s a lack of knowledge. I know schools try to teach their pupils about health but schoolchildren are too young to care and they forget these lessons later in life. There should be someone in Parliament who could organize cookery lessons for adults. Then we could tax fast food and use the taxes to pay for the lessons.
Speaker С. (A man aged about. 50) My parents ate very healthily and I enjoyed cooking when I was younger. I still do, and I love trying new recipes from countries that I’ve visited. So why do I eat fast food or frozen meals so often? I’m not poor and I can afford to buy high quality ingredients. The problem is that I’m a politician and I get home, exhausted at about 9pm. If I had to cook, I wouldn’t get to bed until about midnight.
Speaker D. (A girl about. 18) I’ve heard a lot of people complaining that supermarkets are forcing us to buy packaged food and that there are too may fast-food restaurants. I’ve heard people blaming schools for not teaching cookery anymore but why? There are thousands of websites with cheap, healthy recipes from all over the world on them. It’s not difficult to change your diet. Just do it and don’t expect others to do everything for you.
Speaker Е. (A man aged about. 30) Jamie Oliver is right. We can’t blame poverty. We can’t blame politicians and we can’t blame a lack of time. I know Britain doesn’t have a long history of healthy food but we live in an Internet age now. We can get recipes from anywhere in the world. A lot of people in the world have a lot less to live on than even the poorest people in this country but they don’t eat badly. Let’s start looking to them for ideas.
Speaker F. (A woman aged about. 30) People say that poor people eat badly in this country. They say that, in other countries, people buy cheap vegetables and eat healthily. They ask why we don’t do the same. Well, I had great cookery lessons at school but I can’t afford to cook healthy meals. Why? Because fresh fruit and vegetables are very expensive here. Not only that but most of the recipes I know need a lot of cooking time which means higher gas and electric bills.
Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок.
1. Footballers’ diets
2. Ideal football shape
3. Length matters
4. Puree instead of pasta
5. Secret born in the USSR
6. Stress or relaxation
7. Flying fruit
8. Referee’s perspective
A. Good footballers must have something in their genes. Scientists have discovered a link between the length of a footballer’s ring finger and their ability as a player. They compared the ring and index fingers of top players. Players whose ring fingers were longer compared to their index fingers were more likely to be elite players. Some of the players found to have long ring fingers are Bryan Robson, Ossie Ardiles, Glenn Hoddle, Sir Stanley Matthews and Gazza.
B. Fitness training is absolutely necessary for a first-rate football team. Jogging up and down the stadium a few times is not enough. What footballers really need is a quick start. Footballers can get this ability to start running very quickly by using a training method called ‘plyometrics’. In the 1960s, athletes in the Soviet Union used plyometric exercises to improve their results in jumping. Step by step, the method has become very important for many sports that include sprinting and jumping.
C. In the past, footballers used to have a big fried breakfast — or even a roast dinner — before a football match. In the new era of professional football, the menu of modern players has been radically reformed. Arsenal manager, Arsene Wenger, is known for his scientific method of feeding his team. When he first came to the club in 1996, he at once changed the players’ dinner menus. Sugar, red meat, chips, fried foods and dairy products were out. Vegetables, fish, chicken and plenty of water were in.
D. French diet specialists heavily criticised the pre-match diet of the England players in Euro ‘96. Their menu of tomato soup and spaghetti was said to be more likely to produce wind than a win. Potatoes, according to French scientists, make the best meal on the day of a game. They have glucides, which give the player a lot of energy. They also include useful vitamins. According to one piece of research, a player should eat 200-300 grams of mashed potatoes, boiled for 20 minutes, exactly three hours before going to the game.
E. Physics can explain a football wonder — the banana kick. This happens when a ball suddenly changes its direction at the end of its flight. At a certain speed, the air flowing over a flying ball becomes ‘turbulent’. This means that the air moves irregularly over the ball. As the ball slows down, the air becomes ‘smooth’ again. This slowdown makes the ball turn dramatically, creating the wonderful ‘banana’ kicks that the spectators like so much.
F. These days, footballs are made in a design based on the ‘Buckminster Ball’. The American architect Richard Buckminster Fuller came up with the design when he was trying to find a way for constructing buildings using a minimum of materials. The ball is a series of geometrical figures, which can be fitted together to make a round body. The modern football is in fact a Buckminster Ball consisting of 32 pieces. When they are joined together and filled with air they make a perfect sphere.
G. Research has shown that watching the World Cup is good for our health even if your team goes out on penalties. The scientists suggest that a common interest and a nationalistic pride are very important. The competition makes people less concentrated on their own problems. They are also more patient and can cope with crises much easier. Watching football can, however, also be disappointing, especially when it comes to the decisions of referees and officials. Besides, watching penalties can be very nervous.
| Текст | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
| Заголовок |
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 — лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
Secrets of Long Life
There are places in the world where people live longer than anywhere else. The remote Japanese island of Okinawa is one of these places. While the lifespan in Britain is 77 years for men and 81 for women, Okinawa has a population of about one million, of which 900 are centenarians — A__________________ in Britain or the USA. So what is their secret of long life?
«The calendar may say they’re 80, but their body says they’re 60,» says Bradley Willcox, a scientist researching the extraordinary phenomenon. The research has shown hormonal differences between Okinawans and B__________________ but their longevity has been linked to diet. They eat more tofu and soya than any other people in the world and also enjoy a range of different fruit and vegetables, all rich in anti-oxidants. But the most significant thing isn’t what they eat but how much. The Okinawans C__________________ known as ‘hara hachi bu’, which translates as ‘eat until you are only 80 % full’.
Scientists refer to this way of eating as ‘caloric restrictions’. No-one knows exactly why it works, but scientists believe it D__________________ that there is the danger of famine. This in turn E__________________ and so may lead to better preservation and slower aging.
«It’s a stark contrast with the cultural habits that drive food consumption in F__________________ » says Mr. Willcox. If we look at high streets and supermarkets in most other countries, you will see that he is right. Restaurants offer all-you-can-eat menus and supersize portions. Supermarkets are full of special offers encouraging us to buy more food than we need.
1. make it a healthy diet
2. other parts of the world
3. four times higher than the average
4. have a cultural tradition
5. sends a signal to the body
6. the rest of the population
7. makes the body protect itself
| Пропуск | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| Часть предложения |
Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок.
1. CHRISTMAS SHOPPING
2. CRIME AT CHRISTMAS
3. CHRISTMAS TRADITIONS
4. CHRISTMAS – A FAMILY CELEBRATION
5. CHRISTMAS IN RUSSIA
6. CHRISTMAS DINNER
7. CHRISTMAS WEATHER
8. NEW YEAR’S CELEBRATIONS
A. There are a lot of traditions connected with Christmas but perhaps the most important one is the giving of presents. Family members wrap up their gifts and leave them at the bottom of the Christmas tree to be found on Christmas morning. Children leave a long sock or stocking at the end of their beds on Christmas Eve, 24th December, hoping that Father Christmas will come down the chimney during the night and bring them small presents, fruit and nuts.
B. At some time on Christmas day the family will sit down to a big turkey dinner followed by Christmas pudding or Christmas cake. As for Christmas cake, heavy and overfilling it is not to everybody’s taste. To make things worse, it takes weeks to make and when it is ready it can last until Easter, so if you don’t like it, you have to try and eat some at Christmas to avoid being haunted by it months after.
C. Officially Christmas and New Year celebrations run from the 24th of December to the 2nd of January. However, for many Brits the Christmas marathon starts as early as the beginning of October with the first festive adverts on TV. The idea of Christmas shopping is that you spend as much money as you can on anything you cast your eyes on, preferably something neither you nor your family or friends will ever use. An average British family spends 670 pounds or more around the Christmas period.
D. Long live Christmas! -say pickpockets, car thieves and burglars getting their share of Christmas shopping. Every year thousands of people get their wallets stolen in overcrowded shops and streets. Lots of lovely presents, which somebody spent so much time and money on, disappear without a trace when cars and homes are broken into. As much as 9% of people experience a burglary in December.
E. Who doesn’t want to have a white Christmas? Playing snowballs and making a snowman with the whole family on Christmas Day is most people’s dream (apart from the countries like Australia that celebrate Christmas in summer, on the beach). This dream is more likely to come true in northern countries like Russia, but for the British people it’s different. Although it’s not uncommon to get some snow in Scotland and northern England, the rest of Britain is normally only lucky enough to get some frost. In most cases the weather is wet and gloomy.
F. New year is a time for celebrating and making a new start in life. In Britain many people make New Year’s resolutions. This involves people promising themselves that they will improve their behaviour in some way, by giving up bad habits. People might decide to give up smoking, for example, or to go on a diet. These promises are often broken in the first few days of the New Year, however!
G. Christmas is celebrated on the 25th of December. For most families, this is the most important festival of the year. On this day many people are travelling home to be with their families. Most houses are decorated with brightly-coloured paper or holly, and there is usually a Christmas tree in the corner of the front room. Unfortunately, not all families get on well together. As it is a well-known fact, some magazines publish tips on how to cope with Christmas, such as yoga, meditation or holidays abroad.
| Текст | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
| Заголовок |
Источник: Яндекс: Тренировочная работа ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Вариант 3.
Вы услышите репортаж дважды. Выберите правильный ответ 1, 2 или 3.
Воспользуйтесь плеером, чтобы прослушать запись.
The narrator criticizes
1) the lifestyle in Denmark.
2) Danish supermarkets.
3) the Danish diet.
1
Вы услышите репортаж дважды. Выберите правильный ответ 1, 2 или 3.
Воспользуйтесь плеером, чтобы прослушать запись.
The narrator was brought up mainly in
1) Denmark.
2) England.
3) the USA.
2
Вы услышите репортаж дважды. Выберите правильный ответ 1, 2 или 3.
Воспользуйтесь плеером, чтобы прослушать запись.
The narrator is not happy about Danish grocery stores because of
1) the quality of the products.
2) their size.
3) the poor choice of foods.
3
Вы услышите репортаж дважды. Выберите правильный ответ 1, 2 или 3.
Воспользуйтесь плеером, чтобы прослушать запись.
The prices in the Danish stores are quite high because
1) the level of service is very high.
2) everything is imported from abroad.
3) there are no artificial foods.
4
Вы услышите репортаж дважды. Выберите правильный ответ 1, 2 или 3.
Воспользуйтесь плеером, чтобы прослушать запись.
According to the unwritten rules of Danish supermarket culture
1) you pack all the food you buy on your own, without any help.
2) shop assistants are always ready to pack your food for you.
3) there are clerks whose duty is to help you with your bagging.
5
Вы услышите репортаж дважды. Выберите правильный ответ 1, 2 или 3.
Воспользуйтесь плеером, чтобы прослушать запись.
When the narrator says, “I do miss American convenience” it means that he
1) wants ready-made dinners to be delivered to his place.
2) wants to rent a flat near a big supermarket.
3) doesn’t like to spend much time cooking his meals.
6
Вы услышите репортаж дважды. Выберите правильный ответ 1, 2 или 3.
Воспользуйтесь плеером, чтобы прослушать запись.
Having lived in Denmark for a few years as a student, the narrator
1) feels nostalgic about the USA.
2) believes it to be a good place for him.
3) pities Danish people.
Расшифровка записи
I’ve lived in Denmark now for nearly four years, and I’ve changed a lot within this time. I’ve become more fashionable, more cosmopolitan-minded, more …Danish — if I’m allowed to say that.
But one thing hasn’t changed about me. And that is my inability to cooperate with or understand Danish supermarket culture. As someone who was raised predominantly in the United States, I’ve always been used to grocery stores with a selection of food choices so huge that it’s almost perverted. That and a high level of service. In an American grocery store, one can find a kind of product with a thousand different brandings and types. For example, let’s take the flakes varieties: whole grain frosted flakes, or fat-free frosted flakes. Do I want my cream cheese with low, medium, or full fat? Seedless watermelons or watermelons with seeds? That being said, when I walk into a Danish grocery store I want to burst into tears because I’m so bored with the selection. The variety of cereals consists of Cherrios, Honey-nut Cherrios, and Wheaties. Coco-puffs if I’m lucky. There’re few fruits and vegetables, most rotten. I’m telling you, everything is so boring and plain and demanding of hard kitchen labour that you just wish some American food companies could establish factories here and import some ready made dinners.
I know I should be ashamed of saying this, but I do miss American convenience. In Denmark, making a homemade meal requires at least 30 dollars spent at the grocery store and 2 hours in the kitchen. For instance, at my local grocery store, nothing is allowed to be under 4 dollars. That’s right, it’s called organic and healthy food, free of anything synthetic or “fast”-related. But I do miss synthetic food.
Oh yes, the whole Danish, “do-it-yourself” attitude prevails! Expect to stress while bagging all of your food, as no one will do it for you.
The only way to really understand what I mean is to imagine that if you’ve come from America and you’re used to certain things with service and product selection and then you move here — it truly is different in Denmark. And I’ve lived elsewhere in Europe (Iceland, England, Spain) and I still find the grocery stores much better and with more selection in those countries.
However, how could anyone take me serious when I say, “I miss synthetic food”? That is purely attempting to be sarcastic, and I see that it is wrong and disgusting that American food is pumped up with so much crap. I really appreciate that in Denmark the food is free of everything artificial and it shows on Danes — most of them look healthy and fit here. But once in a while I miss the vastness of an American grocery store!
I want to add that I am Danish, was born in Denmark, lived here for 5 years as a child and then moved to America where I lived most of my life. I moved back here a few years ago and I love the country. I speak Danish. I’m not an immigrant in
Denmark who is unsatisfied with the way of life here and who should move back to
the States. I’m a student and of course it takes 2 hours to make a meal on my own.
Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. Different terms
2. The importance of sleep
3. Lack of sleep
4. Reasons to be active
5. What is obesity
6. Sleep and obesity
7. Emotions and sleep
8. How long to sleep
A. When a person has excess weight or body fat, this might affect their health. It is usually caused by the consumption of more calories than the body can use. The excess calories are stored as fat. Obesity is a medical condition. It was first recognized as a disease in 1948 by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Obese people suffer from a large number of diseases. In most people, obesity is caused by eating too much and moving too little. There are different types of obesity.
B. It’s never too late to become more physically active. Physical activity refers to any movement of the body that uses energy. It can include housework, walking and gardening. Exercise is a kind of physical activity. It is planned and
repetitive. Examples of exercise are going to the gym and running on a treadmill. If you are interested in maintaining good health, physical activity can be a great place to start. If you want to achieve fitness goals, you will need to incorporate structured exercise into your routine.
C. Exercising regularly is one of the most important things you can do for your health. In the short term, exercise helps to control appetite, boost mood and improve sleep. In the long term, it reduces the risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, dementia and depression. Exercise plays a vital role in building and maintaining strong muscles and bones. Regular exercise also increases your chances of living longer. There are many types of physical activity, including swimming, running, jogging, walking and dancing.
D. Sleep plays an essential role in your health and well-being. Getting enough good quality sleep has many benefits. It protects your physical and mental health, quality of life and personal safety. When we sleep, our brain lays down
memory, restores daytime mental functioning and carries out processes that lead to physical growth. Poor sleep is strongly linked to weight gain. People with short sleep duration tend to weigh significantly more than those who get adequate sleep. Mental health issues are strongly linked to poor sleep quality.
E. Sleep is a vital indicator of overall health and well-being. On average, adults should optimally receive between seven and nine hours of sleep each night, but those needs vary individually. For example, some people feel best with eight consecutive hours of sleep, while others do well with six to seven hours at night and daytime napping. Some people feel okay when their sleep schedule changes, while others feel strongly affected by a new schedule or even one night of insufficient sleep.
F. Obesity develops when energy intake is greater than expenditure. Diet and physical activity play an important part in this. However, an additional factor may be inadequate sleep. A growing body of research suggests that there’s a link between how much people sleep and how much they weigh. In general, children and adults who get too little sleep tend to weigh more than those who get enough sleep. People who don’t get enough sleep may take in more calories than those who do, simply because they are awake longer and have more opportunities to eat.
G. People find it harder to fall asleep when they are anxious and sad. The relationship between mood disorders and quality sleep is a complex, two-way street. Just as negative mood states can make getting a good night’s sleep a virtual impossibility, insufficient sleep can lead to depression. Regardless of which comes first, the end result is that a blue mood and poor sleep go hand-inhand. The amount and quality of our sleep can play a huge role in our mental health including how we feel and how we act toward other people.
| Текст | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
| Заголовок |
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 2020. Досрочная волна. Вариант 1
According to the author students turn to fast food when …
1) their schedule is well adjusted.
2) they are short of time.
3) they live close to the campus.
4) they have no willpower.
Показать
1
What does the author think about eating opportunities on campus?
1) She believes they need to provide more organic food.
2) She thinks they do a great job providing salads at a reasonable price.
3) She can’t understand why they offer so many fast food choices.
4) She thinks that meals from Taco Bell are too expensive.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
2
What is the author’s method of maintaining a healthy diet?
1) Carefully choosing in on-campus restaurant.
2) Changing a restaurant daily.
3) Eating less.
4) Trying new dishes on the menu.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
3
What is NOT characteristic of the author’s eating habits?
1) She avoids eating meat.
2) She misses lunches.
3) She studies the menus attentively.
4) She tries to vary the food she eats.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
4
What is, according to the author, the best way to stop eating fast food?
1) Visit fast food restaurants not more than once a year.
2) To replace it with the animal-style fries.
3) Not to walk near fast food restaurants.
4) To stick to the decision not to eat it.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
5
What does «it» in paragraph 7 refer to («Just the same, it can help…»)?
1) Finding a perfect solution to eating on campus.
2) Cooking your own meals.
3) Creativity in a dining hall.
4) Eating outside of dining halls.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
6
What is the purpose of the article?
1) To give advice on eating healthy food on campus.
2) To convince the reader that eating the same food every day is unhealthy.
3) To classify on-campus eateries.
4) To prove that daily consumption of fast food is harmful.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
What does the author think about eating opportunities on campus?
1) She believes they need to provide more organic food.
2) She thinks they do a great job providing salads at a reasonable price.
3) She can’t understand why they offer so many fast food choices.
4) She thinks that meals from Taco Bell are too expensive.
Показать
1
According to the author students turn to fast food when …
1) their schedule is well adjusted.
2) they are short of time.
3) they live close to the campus.
4) they have no willpower.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
2
What is the author’s method of maintaining a healthy diet?
1) Carefully choosing in on-campus restaurant.
2) Changing a restaurant daily.
3) Eating less.
4) Trying new dishes on the menu.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
3
What is NOT characteristic of the author’s eating habits?
1) She avoids eating meat.
2) She misses lunches.
3) She studies the menus attentively.
4) She tries to vary the food she eats.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
4
What is, according to the author, the best way to stop eating fast food?
1) Visit fast food restaurants not more than once a year.
2) To replace it with the animal-style fries.
3) Not to walk near fast food restaurants.
4) To stick to the decision not to eat it.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
5
What does «it» in paragraph 7 refer to («Just the same, it can help…»)?
1) Finding a perfect solution to eating on campus.
2) Cooking your own meals.
3) Creativity in a dining hall.
4) Eating outside of dining halls.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
6
What is the purpose of the article?
1) To give advice on eating healthy food on campus.
2) To convince the reader that eating the same food every day is unhealthy.
3) To classify on-campus eateries.
4) To prove that daily consumption of fast food is harmful.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
What is NOT characteristic of the author’s eating habits?
1) She avoids eating meat.
2) She misses lunches.
3) She studies the menus attentively.
4) She tries to vary the food she eats.
Показать
1
According to the author students turn to fast food when …
1) their schedule is well adjusted.
2) they are short of time.
3) they live close to the campus.
4) they have no willpower.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
2
What does the author think about eating opportunities on campus?
1) She believes they need to provide more organic food.
2) She thinks they do a great job providing salads at a reasonable price.
3) She can’t understand why they offer so many fast food choices.
4) She thinks that meals from Taco Bell are too expensive.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
3
What is the author’s method of maintaining a healthy diet?
1) Carefully choosing in on-campus restaurant.
2) Changing a restaurant daily.
3) Eating less.
4) Trying new dishes on the menu.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
4
What is, according to the author, the best way to stop eating fast food?
1) Visit fast food restaurants not more than once a year.
2) To replace it with the animal-style fries.
3) Not to walk near fast food restaurants.
4) To stick to the decision not to eat it.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
5
What does «it» in paragraph 7 refer to («Just the same, it can help…»)?
1) Finding a perfect solution to eating on campus.
2) Cooking your own meals.
3) Creativity in a dining hall.
4) Eating outside of dining halls.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
6
What is the purpose of the article?
1) To give advice on eating healthy food on campus.
2) To convince the reader that eating the same food every day is unhealthy.
3) To classify on-campus eateries.
4) To prove that daily consumption of fast food is harmful.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
What is, according to the author, the best way to stop eating fast food?
1) Visit fast food restaurants not more than once a year.
2) To replace it with the animal-style fries.
3) Not to walk near fast food restaurants.
4) To stick to the decision not to eat it.
Показать
1
According to the author students turn to fast food when …
1) their schedule is well adjusted.
2) they are short of time.
3) they live close to the campus.
4) they have no willpower.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
2
What does the author think about eating opportunities on campus?
1) She believes they need to provide more organic food.
2) She thinks they do a great job providing salads at a reasonable price.
3) She can’t understand why they offer so many fast food choices.
4) She thinks that meals from Taco Bell are too expensive.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
3
What is the author’s method of maintaining a healthy diet?
1) Carefully choosing in on-campus restaurant.
2) Changing a restaurant daily.
3) Eating less.
4) Trying new dishes on the menu.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
4
What is NOT characteristic of the author’s eating habits?
1) She avoids eating meat.
2) She misses lunches.
3) She studies the menus attentively.
4) She tries to vary the food she eats.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
5
What does «it» in paragraph 7 refer to («Just the same, it can help…»)?
1) Finding a perfect solution to eating on campus.
2) Cooking your own meals.
3) Creativity in a dining hall.
4) Eating outside of dining halls.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
6
What is the purpose of the article?
1) To give advice on eating healthy food on campus.
2) To convince the reader that eating the same food every day is unhealthy.
3) To classify on-campus eateries.
4) To prove that daily consumption of fast food is harmful.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
What does «it» in paragraph 7 refer to («Just the same, it can help…»)?
1) Finding a perfect solution to eating on campus.
2) Cooking your own meals.
3) Creativity in a dining hall.
4) Eating outside of dining halls.
Показать
1
According to the author students turn to fast food when …
1) their schedule is well adjusted.
2) they are short of time.
3) they live close to the campus.
4) they have no willpower.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
2
What does the author think about eating opportunities on campus?
1) She believes they need to provide more organic food.
2) She thinks they do a great job providing salads at a reasonable price.
3) She can’t understand why they offer so many fast food choices.
4) She thinks that meals from Taco Bell are too expensive.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
3
What is the author’s method of maintaining a healthy diet?
1) Carefully choosing in on-campus restaurant.
2) Changing a restaurant daily.
3) Eating less.
4) Trying new dishes on the menu.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
4
What is NOT characteristic of the author’s eating habits?
1) She avoids eating meat.
2) She misses lunches.
3) She studies the menus attentively.
4) She tries to vary the food she eats.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
5
What is, according to the author, the best way to stop eating fast food?
1) Visit fast food restaurants not more than once a year.
2) To replace it with the animal-style fries.
3) Not to walk near fast food restaurants.
4) To stick to the decision not to eat it.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
6
What is the purpose of the article?
1) To give advice on eating healthy food on campus.
2) To convince the reader that eating the same food every day is unhealthy.
3) To classify on-campus eateries.
4) To prove that daily consumption of fast food is harmful.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
What is the purpose of the article?
1) To give advice on eating healthy food on campus.
2) To convince the reader that eating the same food every day is unhealthy.
3) To classify on-campus eateries.
4) To prove that daily consumption of fast food is harmful.
Показать
1
According to the author students turn to fast food when …
1) their schedule is well adjusted.
2) they are short of time.
3) they live close to the campus.
4) they have no willpower.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
2
What does the author think about eating opportunities on campus?
1) She believes they need to provide more organic food.
2) She thinks they do a great job providing salads at a reasonable price.
3) She can’t understand why they offer so many fast food choices.
4) She thinks that meals from Taco Bell are too expensive.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
3
What is the author’s method of maintaining a healthy diet?
1) Carefully choosing in on-campus restaurant.
2) Changing a restaurant daily.
3) Eating less.
4) Trying new dishes on the menu.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
4
What is NOT characteristic of the author’s eating habits?
1) She avoids eating meat.
2) She misses lunches.
3) She studies the menus attentively.
4) She tries to vary the food she eats.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
5
What is, according to the author, the best way to stop eating fast food?
1) Visit fast food restaurants not more than once a year.
2) To replace it with the animal-style fries.
3) Not to walk near fast food restaurants.
4) To stick to the decision not to eat it.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
6
What does «it» in paragraph 7 refer to («Just the same, it can help…»)?
1) Finding a perfect solution to eating on campus.
2) Cooking your own meals.
3) Creativity in a dining hall.
4) Eating outside of dining halls.
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 06.06.2013. Основная волна. Дальний Восток. Вариант 1
What did the girls hope to do that weekend?
1) Talk all the weekend.
2) Have some more studies that weekend.
3) Go to the cinema.
4) Have a quiet weekend in.
Показать
1
When the girl first met her friend, Lily
1) lived with her parents.
2) visited her grandmother.
3) just came to live in Avon.
4) had just lost her parents.
2
Lily was crying when the girl first met her because
1) she missed her parents.
2) her grandmother didn’t like the way she talked.
3) she had to wear clothes she didn’t like.
4) her grandmother had cut her hair short.
3
Why did the girl become friends with Lily?
1) She liked Lily’s dress.
2) She became fascinated with her.
3) They had common problems.
4) She wanted to comfort her.
4
“We complemented each other well” in paragraph 2 means that they
1) were a perfect match.
2) liked the same things.
3) supported each other.
4) found a common language.
5
Why did Lily have to do some occasional jobs?
1) She had to pay for her studies.
2) She had to support her grandmother.
3) She liked to change jobs.
4) She spent a lot on her clothes.
6
The girl “couldn’t wait for the weekend” because she
1) wanted to eat properly at last.
2) needed to get well after a flue infection.
3) wanted Lily to have a break from her studies.
4) needed a rest from her job.
When the girl first met her friend, Lily
1) lived with her parents.
2) visited her grandmother.
3) just came to live in Avon.
4) had just lost her parents.
Показать
1
What did the girls hope to do that weekend?
1) Talk all the weekend.
2) Have some more studies that weekend.
3) Go to the cinema.
4) Have a quiet weekend in.
2
Lily was crying when the girl first met her because
1) she missed her parents.
2) her grandmother didn’t like the way she talked.
3) she had to wear clothes she didn’t like.
4) her grandmother had cut her hair short.
3
Why did the girl become friends with Lily?
1) She liked Lily’s dress.
2) She became fascinated with her.
3) They had common problems.
4) She wanted to comfort her.
4
“We complemented each other well” in paragraph 2 means that they
1) were a perfect match.
2) liked the same things.
3) supported each other.
4) found a common language.
5
Why did Lily have to do some occasional jobs?
1) She had to pay for her studies.
2) She had to support her grandmother.
3) She liked to change jobs.
4) She spent a lot on her clothes.
6
The girl “couldn’t wait for the weekend” because she
1) wanted to eat properly at last.
2) needed to get well after a flue infection.
3) wanted Lily to have a break from her studies.
4) needed a rest from her job.
Lily was crying when the girl first met her because
1) she missed her parents.
2) her grandmother didn’t like the way she talked.
3) she had to wear clothes she didn’t like.
4) her grandmother had cut her hair short.
Показать
1
What did the girls hope to do that weekend?
1) Talk all the weekend.
2) Have some more studies that weekend.
3) Go to the cinema.
4) Have a quiet weekend in.
2
When the girl first met her friend, Lily
1) lived with her parents.
2) visited her grandmother.
3) just came to live in Avon.
4) had just lost her parents.
3
Why did the girl become friends with Lily?
1) She liked Lily’s dress.
2) She became fascinated with her.
3) They had common problems.
4) She wanted to comfort her.
4
“We complemented each other well” in paragraph 2 means that they
1) were a perfect match.
2) liked the same things.
3) supported each other.
4) found a common language.
5
Why did Lily have to do some occasional jobs?
1) She had to pay for her studies.
2) She had to support her grandmother.
3) She liked to change jobs.
4) She spent a lot on her clothes.
6
The girl “couldn’t wait for the weekend” because she
1) wanted to eat properly at last.
2) needed to get well after a flue infection.
3) wanted Lily to have a break from her studies.
4) needed a rest from her job.
Why did the girl become friends with Lily?
1) She liked Lily’s dress.
2) She became fascinated with her.
3) They had common problems.
4) She wanted to comfort her.
Показать
1
What did the girls hope to do that weekend?
1) Talk all the weekend.
2) Have some more studies that weekend.
3) Go to the cinema.
4) Have a quiet weekend in.
2
When the girl first met her friend, Lily
1) lived with her parents.
2) visited her grandmother.
3) just came to live in Avon.
4) had just lost her parents.
3
Lily was crying when the girl first met her because
1) she missed her parents.
2) her grandmother didn’t like the way she talked.
3) she had to wear clothes she didn’t like.
4) her grandmother had cut her hair short.
4
“We complemented each other well” in paragraph 2 means that they
1) were a perfect match.
2) liked the same things.
3) supported each other.
4) found a common language.
5
Why did Lily have to do some occasional jobs?
1) She had to pay for her studies.
2) She had to support her grandmother.
3) She liked to change jobs.
4) She spent a lot on her clothes.
6
The girl “couldn’t wait for the weekend” because she
1) wanted to eat properly at last.
2) needed to get well after a flue infection.
3) wanted Lily to have a break from her studies.
4) needed a rest from her job.
“We complemented each other well” in paragraph 2 means that they
1) were a perfect match.
2) liked the same things.
3) supported each other.
4) found a common language.
Показать
1
What did the girls hope to do that weekend?
1) Talk all the weekend.
2) Have some more studies that weekend.
3) Go to the cinema.
4) Have a quiet weekend in.
2
When the girl first met her friend, Lily
1) lived with her parents.
2) visited her grandmother.
3) just came to live in Avon.
4) had just lost her parents.
3
Lily was crying when the girl first met her because
1) she missed her parents.
2) her grandmother didn’t like the way she talked.
3) she had to wear clothes she didn’t like.
4) her grandmother had cut her hair short.
4
Why did the girl become friends with Lily?
1) She liked Lily’s dress.
2) She became fascinated with her.
3) They had common problems.
4) She wanted to comfort her.
5
Why did Lily have to do some occasional jobs?
1) She had to pay for her studies.
2) She had to support her grandmother.
3) She liked to change jobs.
4) She spent a lot on her clothes.
6
The girl “couldn’t wait for the weekend” because she
1) wanted to eat properly at last.
2) needed to get well after a flue infection.
3) wanted Lily to have a break from her studies.
4) needed a rest from her job.
Why did Lily have to do some occasional jobs?
1) She had to pay for her studies.
2) She had to support her grandmother.
3) She liked to change jobs.
4) She spent a lot on her clothes.
Показать
1
What did the girls hope to do that weekend?
1) Talk all the weekend.
2) Have some more studies that weekend.
3) Go to the cinema.
4) Have a quiet weekend in.
2
When the girl first met her friend, Lily
1) lived with her parents.
2) visited her grandmother.
3) just came to live in Avon.
4) had just lost her parents.
3
Lily was crying when the girl first met her because
1) she missed her parents.
2) her grandmother didn’t like the way she talked.
3) she had to wear clothes she didn’t like.
4) her grandmother had cut her hair short.
4
Why did the girl become friends with Lily?
1) She liked Lily’s dress.
2) She became fascinated with her.
3) They had common problems.
4) She wanted to comfort her.
5
“We complemented each other well” in paragraph 2 means that they
1) were a perfect match.
2) liked the same things.
3) supported each other.
4) found a common language.
6
The girl “couldn’t wait for the weekend” because she
1) wanted to eat properly at last.
2) needed to get well after a flue infection.
3) wanted Lily to have a break from her studies.
4) needed a rest from her job.
Всего: 32 1–20 | 21–32
Составитель Игорь Евтишенков
ISBN 978-5-0059-1003-5
Создано в интеллектуальной издательской системе Ridero
Данный сборник тестов составлен на основе предварительных требований ФИПИ (www.fipi.ru). Задания включают тексты, находящиеся в свободном доступе в Интернете.
Таблица ответов размещена в конце сборника.
Для аудиочасти составлены 10 аудиофайлов.
Ссылка на архив в конце сборника.
***
1. Внесены изменения в аудирование, письменную часть и устную части согласно рекомендациями ФИПИ. Иллюстрации цветные (в электронном варианте).
2. Ответы находятся в конце файла.
TEST 31
Раздел 1. Аудирование
1. Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A—F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1—7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.
1. Nature is my best hotel.
2. Sleeping among strangers is not a problem.
3. A quiet place to stay becomes a favourite.
4. The best hotel is at the seaside.
5. Roadside hotels can disappoint.
6. Comfortable holiday costs money.
7. We have to think about our meals.
2. Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А—G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.
A. The conversation takes place on Tuesday.
B. Jack knows what kind of present they will buy for Linda.
C. Rose knows Linda better than Jack does.
D. Linda follows the latest fashion trends.
E. Linda doesn’t like gift certificates.
F. Linda can’t have a pet because of her mother.
G. Rose and Jack are going to the shop straight away.
***
Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3—9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
3. What do we learn about Alex at the beginning of the interview?
1) He has written more than 60 books for children.
2) His most famous books are detective stories.
3) All his books are fiction.
Ответ:
4. Why does Alex write?
1) He has to make a living.
2) He simply can’t help it.
3) He is inspired by other writers.
Ответ:
5. What do we learn out about Alex’s reading preferences?
1) He prefers classics only.
2) He prefers humorous stories.
3) His preferences are varied
Ответ:
6. What was Alex’s first book?
1) A children’s book.
2) A detective short story.
3) A detective novel
Ответ:
7. What does Alex say about literary agents?
1) Every writer must have one.
2) You should try to work with several agents.
3) Good agents are invaluable helpers.
Ответ:
8. What does Alex say about promoting his books?
1) It’s very motivating for him.
2) It’s too hard physically.
3) It’s a stress for him having to meet readers.
Ответ:
9. What is, in Alex’s opinion, the typical mistake of starting novelists?
1) They write too many stories at once.
2) They spend too much time on their first text.
3) They give up writing very quickly.
Ответ:
По окончании выполнения заданий 1—9 не забудьте перенести ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 1 и 2 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.
Раздел 2. Чтение
10. Установите соответствие между текстами A—G и заголовками 1—8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. New food choices
2. Seafood
3. Confusing name
4. New word in English
5. Iconic dish
6. Change in quality
7. Increase in popularity
8. Origin of the meal
A. The practice of serving a roast dinner on a Sunday is related to the elaborate preparation required, and to the housewife’s practice of performing the weekly wash on a Monday, when the cold remains of the roast made an easily assembled meal. Sunday was once the only rest day after a six-day working week; it was also a demonstration that the household was prosperous enough to afford the cost of a better than normal meal.
B. Great Britain is surrounded by seas on all sides. No wonder that foods such as deep fried breaded scampi are usually on offer as well as fishcakes and a number of other combinations. However, England is internationally famous for its fish and chips and has a large number of restaurants and take-away shops selling this dish. It may be the most popular and identifiable English dish. Like many national dishes, quality can vary drastically from the commercial or mass produced product to an authentic or homemade variety using more carefully chosen ingredients.
C. Many seaside towns have shellfish stalls located at the beach. Traditionally these sell snack-sized pots of cockles, mussels, jellied eels, shell-on or peeled prawns, crab meat and oysters. The shellfish are served cold and the customer adds condiments to taste. Shellfish is best eaten as fresh as possible, and certainly on the day of purchase. Some shellfish such as squid, octopus and prawns can be frozen successfully; others such as mussels, oysters and clams need to be live when cooked.
D. Most large supermarkets in England will stock at least a dozen types of English sausage. English sausages are colloquially known as «bangers». They are distinctive in that they are usually made from fresh meats and rarely smoked, dried, or strongly flavoured. Following the post World War II period, sausages tended to contain low-quality meat and fat. However, there has been a backlash in recent years, with most butchers and supermarkets now selling premium varieties. Pork and beef are by far the most common bases, although gourmet varieties may contain venison or wild boar.
E. In the 1950s some British pubs would offer «a pie and a pint», with hot individual steak and ale pies made easily on the premises by the landlord’s wife. In the 1960s and 1970s this developed into the then-fashionable «chicken in a basket», a portion of roast chicken with chips, served on a napkin, in a wicker basket. Since then «pub grub» has expanded to include British food items such as shepherd’s pie, fish and chips, bangers and mash, Sunday roast, ploughman’s lunch, and pasties. Food has become more important in a pub’s trade, and today most pubs serve lunches and dinners at the table in addition to snacks consumed at the bar.
F. English sandwiches are made with two slices of bread, or some kind of roll. Common types of sandwich are roast beef, chicken salad, ham and mustard, cheese and pickle, egg mayonnaise, prawn mayonnaise, tuna, marmite and jam. A dainty form of sandwich, cut into small squares, without crusts, and often filled with cucumber, is served at genteel gatherings, such as Royal Garden parties. England can claim to have given the world the word «sandwich», although John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, was not the first to add a filling to bread.
G. In the USA, a 2pudding» is a creamy, dairy dessert, traditionally made with sugar and a couple of other ingredients. It really means nothing else. But the British seem to call a lot of other things «pudding». 2Apple pudding» traditionally has a layer of apple covered with a cake topping or a suet pastry, which looks just like apple pie. «Yorkshire pudding» includes chicken, pork or beef cooked in a crispy outer-batter. «Black pudding» is a kind of thick dark sausage made from animal blood and fat. What makes this a «pudding»?
***
11. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A—F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
Ancient Rome
The founding of Rome goes back to the very early days of civilization. It is so old that today it is known as «the eternal city». The Romans thought that their city was founded in the year 753 BC. Modern historians, however, believe it was the year 625 BC.
Early Rome was governed by kings, ___ (A), the Romans took power over their own city and ruled themselves. They had a council known as the «senate», ___ (B). From this point on one speaks of the «Roman Republic».
The word «Republic» itself comes from the Latin words «res publica», which mean «public matters». The senate appointed a consul, ___ (C), but only for one year. This was a wise idea, as the consul ruled carefully and not as a tyrant, for he knew that otherwise he could be punished by the next consul, once his year was up.
The Roman Republic was a very successful government. It lasted from 510 BC until 23 BC – almost 500 years. In comparison the United States of America only exist since 1776 – less than 250 years.
The greatest challenge the Roman Republic faced was that of the Carthaginians. Carthage was a very powerful city in North Africa, ___ (D). The fight between the two sides was a long one and took place on land and on sea.
The most famous incident came when the great Carthaginian general Hannibal crossed the mountain chain of the Alps to the north of Italy with all his troops and invaded Italy. However, Rome finally won and Carthage was completely destroyed in the year 146 BC.
Rome’s most famous citizen was no doubt Julius Caesar. He was a Roman politician and general ___ (E). In the year 49 BC Caesar crossed the small river between his province and Italy, called the river Rubicon, and conquered Rome. His military campaigns also took him to Egypt, ___ (F). His life ended abruptly as he was infamously murdered in the senate in Rome.
So famous and respected was Caesar that a month of the year is still named after him today. Also, the great English poet William Shakespeare wrote a famous play called Julius Caesar about his famous murder.
1. who ruled Rome like a king
2. but after only seven of them had ruled
3. where he met the famous Cleopatra
4. which controlled its own empire
5. which he then ruled as a dictator
6. which ruled over them
7. who conquered the vast territory in France
***
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Stories and Legends
The county of Antrim is not only one of the most picturesque, but most prosperous in all Ireland. It is also remarkable for being entirely surrounded by water by the ocean, Lough Neagh, and the rivers Bann and Lagan. In this county, vast quantities of flax are raised and manufactured into linen – chiefly at Belfast, the most important commercial town in the north of Ireland.
Belfast is particularly dear to me as a place where I spent many pleasant days with some warm-hearted Irish friends. In sight of this town there is a large hill, which is remarkable for presenting, at a particular point of view, a most gigantic likeness to the first Napoleon. Certain swells and ledges of the summit form the great profile very distinctly. He seems to be lying on his back, asleep, or in a meditative mood, and the face has such a dejected, melancholy look that one might suppose the likeness had been taken when the Emperor was a prisoner at St. Helena. There was one of the Bonapartes at Belfast, at the time I was there attending the meeting of the British Association, a celebrated scientific society. This was Lucien, a grand-nephew of the Emperor. He recognized the likeness in the great rocky profile, when it was pointed out to him, and professed to be a good deal affected by it.
Near Belfast there is also a famous «Druidical circle», or a large amphitheatre, enclosed by high mounds of earth, where the ancient Druids used to meet for their heathen worship. As we stood in that great circle, beside a rude altar of stones, it made us shudder to think that hundreds of human beings had probably been cruelly sacrificed there as offerings to the gods of the Druids. What a happy, blessed thing it is to know that such dreadful crimes can never again be committed here, under the name of religion.
While at Belfast, we made a delightful excursion to Shane’s Castle, the seat of Lord O’Neil. Shane’s Castle and the O’Neil estate are situated upon Lough Neagh, the largest lake in Great Britain. There is a legend that this sheet of water covers land that was once cultivated, cottages, castles, and even villages. The peasants say that there was once an enchanted well, which was always kept covered with a heavy stone, lest its waters should rise and overwhelm the land. One day, a careless woman went to this well to get water to boil her potatoes in, and hearing her baby cry, ran home without waiting to cover the well, which began to leap up in a great column, like a water-spout of an underground sea, and poured out so fast and furious that before many hours the whole valley was overflowed, and that night, the moon smiled to see herself reflected in a new lake.
On our route from Belfast to the Giant’s Causeway, we passed through several towns, of little importance now, though of some historical note such as Carrickfergus, Larne, and Glenarm. This last is a beautifully situated town, with a pleasant little bay, which usually affords a safe shelter for shipping on a coast somewhat renowned for wrecks and disasters. Here is a fine castle, which is the seat of the ancient family of the MacDonnels, Earls of Antrim. Scarcely any thing in the world can be grander or more beautiful than the coast road all the way from Glenarm to the Giant’s Causeway. It is too fine to be described; it should be painted, not written about.
We reached the Causeway late in the evening so hungry and tired that we were very glad to get our supper and went to bed without putting our heads out of doors. In the morning we engaged a guide and set out on our sightseeing tour.
The Causeway is formed by a vast collection of rocky columns mostly as regular in shape as though cut by masonry five-sided, six-sided, seven or eight-sided, piled and packed together, varying much in height, but little in size. Some form a floor almost as even as a city pavement some form gradual steps leading down to the sea and some tower upward, like spires and turrets.
There is a very singular collection of these columns on the side of the highest cliff, a hundred and twenty feet in height, called «the Giant’s Organ», from their resemblance to the pipes of that instrument.
According to legend, the mighty Giant, Finn McCool, was musical in his taste, and used to give himself «a little innocent diversion» here, after his hard labours in building the Causeway. Even now, when the sea roars, and the deep thunder rolls along the rocky coast, they say «the giant is playing on his big stone organ under the cliff».
12. The county of Antrim is described as…
1) picturesque but poor.
2) rich and successful.
3) the land of vast plains.
4) the land of long rivers.
Ответ:
13. The large hill near Belfast is remarkable for…
1) a striking resemblance to the first Emperor of the French.
2) its likeness to a grand-nephew of the Emperor.
3) the visit of one of the Bonapartes.
4) the profile of the first Napoleon carved into it.
Ответ:
14. «Druidical circle» is…
1) a large amphitheatre for theatrical performances.
2) a church with a rude altar of stones.
3) a place of current sacrificial offerings to the gods.
4) a place of ancient religious ceremonies.
Ответ:
15. How was Lough Neagh formed?
1) It was artificially created by the peasants.
2) It appeared because of a careless woman.
3) It was formed by the water rising from an underground sea.
4) Nobody knows for sure.
Ответ:
16. On his way from Belfast to the Giant’s Causeway, the narrator was particularly impressed by…
1) the historical town of Glenarm.
2) a pleasant little bay offering a safe shelter for shipping.
3) the coast road from Glenarm to the Giant’s Causeway.
4) the castle of the ancient family of the MacDonnels.
Ответ:
17. The Giant’s Causeway is a collection of rocky columns…
1) of similar size.
2) of similar height.
3) irregular in shape.
4) cut by masons.
Ответ:
18. According to legend, the giant Finn McCool…
1) was a talented musician.
2) worked hard to build the Causeway.
3) used to play the organ only when the sea roared
4) never played his organ.
Ответ:
По окончании выполнения заданий 10—18 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 10 и 11 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.
Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика
Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19—24.
The Bald Eagle
19. In 1782, soon after the United States won its independence, the bald eagle ……………… as the national bird of the new country. American leaders wanted the eagle to be a symbol of their country because it is one of the strongest birds. CHOOSE
20. Today the bald eagle almost ……………… from the country. DISAPPEAR
21. In 1972 there ……………… only 3,000 bald eagles in the entire United States. BE
22. The reason for the bird’ s ……………… population is pollution, especially pollution of the rivers by pesticides. DECREASE
23. Pesticides poison the fish. Eagle eat these fish and then the eggs eagles lay have very thin shells and ………………. NOT HATCH
24. Today, the American government and the American people ……………… to protect the bald eagle. TRY
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 25—29, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 25—29.
Music in schools
25. Primary schools in London are trying out an ambitious plan through which young children get an introduction to serious music. The idea comes from a group of famous musicians who are concerned about the ……………………… of certain types of classical music. SURVIVE
26. They see the plan as one possible ……………………… to the problem of declining audiences at classical concerts. SOLVE
27. Their ……………………… is that an interest in classical music should be developed in early childhood..
ARGUE
28. They reject the idea that children are ……………………… in serious music or necessarily find it boring. INTEREST
29. The group goes into a school and gives a live ……………………… of a short classical piece and then this is followed by an explanation of how the instruments work. PERFORM
***
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 30—36. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 30—36, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
The Guest
«The landscape seen from our windows is certainly charming,» said Annabel; «those cherry orchards and green meadows, and the river winding along the valley. However, nothing ever happens here. Rather dreadful, isn’t it?»
«On the 30 …,» said Matilda, «I find it soothing and restful; but then, you see, I’ve lived in countries where things do happen, especially when you’re not ready for them happening all at once.»
«That, of course, makes a 31 …,» said Annabel.
«I’ll never forget,» said Matilda, «the occasion when the Bishop of Bequar 32 … us an unexpected visit.»
«I thought that out there you were always prepared for emergency guests turning 33 …,» said Annabel.
«I was quite prepared for half a dozen Bishops,» said Matilda, ’but it was rather disconcerting to find out that this particular one was a distant cousin of mine, belonging to a branch of the family that had quarrelled bitterly and offensively with our branch about a Crown Derby dessert service. To make 34 … worse, my husband was away, talking sense to a village community that fancied one of their leading men was a were-tiger.»
«A what tiger?»
«A were-tiger; you’ve heard of were-wolves, haven’t you, a mixture of wolf and human being and demon? Well, in those parts they have were-tigers, or think they have, and I must say that in this case they had every ground for thinking so. However, as we gave 35 … witchcraft prosecutions about three hundred years ago, we don’t like to have other people keeping on our discarded practices.»
«I hope you weren’t unkind to the Bishop,» said Annabel.
«Well, of course he was my guest, so I had to be outwardly polite to him, but he was tactless enough to rake up the incidents of the old quarrel, and from that moment we were scarcely on speaking 36 ….
30. 1) contrast. 2) contrary. 3) inside. 4) opposite
Ответ _____
31. 1) statement. 2) splash. 3) move. 4) difference
Ответ _____
32. 1) paid. 2) sent. 3) made. 4) gave
Ответ _____
33. 1) to. 2) over. 3) up. 4) in
Ответ _____
34. l) issues. 2) matters. 3) problems. 4) situation
Ответ _____
35. l) in. 2) up. 3) away. 4) out
Ответ _____
36. 1) conditions. 2) relationships. 3) relations. 4) terms
Ответ _____
- Подробности
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51294
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| Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами В11-В16 соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения. TEST 05 (part 2) |
Junk Food
|
B11 |
In today’s world, many people are increasingly looking for a quicksnack, meal or boost of energy. They choose processed food bars, thinking that they’re a healthy choice. |
INCREASE |
|
B12 |
However, most bars contain undesirable processed foods which are called ‘junk foods’ |
DESIRE |
|
B13 |
They give you a false sense of energy and fullness. |
FULL |
|
B14 |
One problem with junk foods is that they’re low in satiation value. Another problem is that junk food tends to replace other, more nutritious foods. |
PLACE |
|
B15 |
It’s the 21st century now and ‘junk food’ has gone global. We see it everywhere: in grocery and convenience stores, in fast-food restaurants and on television. |
GLOBE |
|
B16 |
Although junk food is now available all over the world, people should be aware of its disadvantages and choose healthier alternatives. |
AVAIL |
Задание 29 на подготовку к ЕГЭ по английскому. В тексте имеются пропуски слов. Для каждого пропуска даны несколько вариантов. Определите, какой вариант верный.
ЗаданиеОтвет
Benefits of Healthy Food
There are many benefits of consuming healthy and nutritious food. The main advantage of eating healthily is that you can make your immune system strong and ELIMINATE / DO AWAY / CUT OUT / GET RID of viral, bacterial and other health related issues like heart or blood pressure problems. A stronger immune system is the most basic requirement of any human body for efficient performance.
Besides, eating the right kind of food at the right time will definitely PREVENT / AVOID / HOLD / WARN you from getting obese. Obesity leads to other diseases, too. So if you are not obese yet, then it’s better to start taking care of your own body by eating healthy and nutritious food. This will ensure that your body weight is maintained according to your height and you will not have to look AT / TO / FOR / ON weight loss diet plans or fitness centers.
What is more, eating healthy and nutritious food will make your entire day full of energy. You will feel energetic and fresh and will be able to work for more time, which will indirectly increase your performance at school or in the office.
However, in today’s advanced world you may not have enough time to follow a routine and you may TAKE / CARRY / BRING / END up eating food at irregular times. And THANK / DUE / SO / BECAUSE to this you may not get time to prepare yourself a healthy meal and eat at the right time.
As your work gets harder and tougher, your body needs healthy and nutritious food. No one else except you can KEEP / TAKE / MAKE / FOR sure that your body is getting healthy food. Last but not LEAST / WORST / BEST / MOST we would like to mention a regular workout. With healthy and nutritious food, it is essential that you do a regular workout so that your weight is maintained and you are active and fit.
Benefits of Healthy Food
There are many benefits of consuming healthy and nutritious food. The main advantage of eating healthily is that you can make your immune system strong and GET RID of viral, bacterial and other health related issues like heart or blood pressure problems. A stronger immune system is the most basic requirement of any human body for efficient performance.
Besides, eating the right kind of food at the right time will definitely PREVENT you from getting obese. Obesity leads to other diseases, too. So if you are not obese yet, then it’s better to start taking care of your own body by eating healthy and nutritious food. This will ensure that your body weight is maintained according to your height and you will not have to look FOR weight loss diet plans or fitness centers.
What is more, eating healthy and nutritious food will make your entire day full of energy. You will feel energetic and fresh and will be able to work for more time, which will indirectly increase your performance at school or in the office.
However, in today’s advanced world you may not have enough time to follow a routine and you may END up eating food at irregular times. And DUE to this you may not get time to prepare yourself a healthy meal and eat at the right time.
As your work gets harder and tougher, your body needs healthy and nutritious food. No one else except you can MAKE sure that your body is getting healthy food. Last but not LEAST we would like to mention a regular workout. With healthy and nutritious food, it is essential that you do a regular workout so that your weight is maintained and you are active and fit.
1) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
What should people consider to cut in relation to the climate change, according to the author?
1) Use of refillable bottles.
2) Meat production.
3) Level of environmental consciousness.
4) Development of eco-industry.
2) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
The author thinks that the university’s environmental efforts are
1) incomplete.
2) irregular.
3) naive.
4) too specific.
3) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
The author thinks that her university can affect the environmental campaign by
1) reducing meat options in menus on campus.
2) creating and offering new vegetarian dishes.
3) educating students about ecological problems.
4) increasing awareness of the harm the meat industry may incur.
4) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
The study conducted by Lean and Green showed that the students
1) initiate environmental campaigns on campus.
2) are ready to change their eating habits.
3) prefer environmentally friendly food options.
4) are unaware of dangerous effects of a meat diet.
5) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
The author used the Greenpeace data to show that
1) the animal industry harms the environment greatly.
2) transport is the main source of greenhouse gases production.
3) hybrid cars can reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
4) vegetarian food is much healthier for a person.
6) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
“It” in “… why they should want it” (paragraph 7) refers to
1) ecological action.
2) vegetarian food.
3) informed choice.
4) dietary change.
7) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
What does the author say in the last paragraph?
1) The university should become environmentally friendly.
2) Environmentally conscious people should stop eating meat.
3) The university should educate its students about meat industry.
4) Ecological education can improve the university’s reputation.
Вербицкая М. В. Forward. Английский язык для 10 класса. ЕГЭ
ЕГЭ Раздел 1. Аудирование
1. Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A-F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1-7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.
C-1. I like having the best of both worlds. — Мне нравится иметь лучшее из обоих миров.
E-2. Life in the countryside is good for my health. — Жизнь в сельской местности хороша для моего здоровья.
B-3. I love the countryside, because life there is very peaceful. — Я люблю деревню, потому что жизнь там очень спокойная.
F-4. The beauty of nature makes living in the country enjoyable. — Красота природы делает жизнь в сельской местности приятной.
Extra-5. I love the countryside, because life there is good for my children. — Я люблю деревню, потому что жизнь там хороша для моих детей.
A-6. I enjoyed moving to a town where life is more comfortable. – Мне нравится ездить в город, где жизнь более комфортная.
D-7. I dislike living in the country, because I need human company. — Я не люблю жить в деревне, потому что мне нужна человеческая компания.
2. Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А-G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительный, ни отрицательный ответ (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.
3-A John usually spends Christmas at his parents’ house. — Джон обычно проводит Рождество в доме своих родителей.
1-B Angela is rather pessimistic about her chances to get the job. — Анжела довольно пессимистична по поводу ее шансов получить работу.
2-C John considers Angela a workaholic. — Джон считает Анжелу трудоголиком.
2-D John is enthusiastic about Angela moving to Russia. — Джон с энтузиазмом относится к переезду Анжелы в Россию.
3-E Angela worked in an international company in Canada. — Анжела работала в международной компании в Канаде.
1-F John is more optimistic than Angela about her chances to get the job. — Джон более оптимистичен, чем Анжела о ее шансах получить работу.
3-G John is going to leave at 2 PM. — Джон собирается ехать в 2 часа дня.
Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3-9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 7, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
3. Tony Stevens 2) watches his films once. — Тони Стивенс смотрел свои фильмы один раз.
4. What is the most important thing about writing for Tony Stevens? – Какая наиболее важная вещь о писательстве для Тони Стивенса?
1) Writing is NOT a team work like acting. – Писательство НЕ является командной работой как игра актеров (актерство).
5. Tony Stevens says that if, as a child, you are fascinated by a literary character, 2) you want to become that character. — Тони Стивенс говорит, что если, будучи ребенком, вы очарованы литературным персонажем, то вы хотите стать этим персонажем.
6. Tony Stevens wished he had had on the school curriculum 1) “Pickwick Papers” by Charles Dickens. — Тони Стивенсу хотелось, чтобы в его школьной программе было произведение «Записки Пиквикского клуба» Чарльза Диккенса.
7. What advice does he give to beginning writers? — Какой совет он дает начинающим писателям?
3) Go by your experience and write clearly. – Следовать своему опыту и писать ясно.
8. What is his present attitude to critical reviews? — Каково его настоящее отношение к критическим отзывам?
3) He pays no attention to them. — Он не обращает на них никакого внимания.
9. What made his career as an actor successful? — Что сделало его карьеру как актера успешной?
2) Determination and decisiveness. – Целеустремленность и решительность.
ЕГЭ Раздел 2. Чтение
10. Установите соответствие между текстами А-G и заголовками 1-8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
F-1. Beware of rabbits — Остерегайтесь кроликов
A-2. Exotic pets — Экзотические домашние животные
B-3. Saving animals – Спасение животных
G-4. Teaching and entertaining – Обучение и развлечение
Extra-5. Protecting pets — Защита домашних животных
D-6. Tender pets — Нежные домашние животные
C-7. What’s in a name? — Что в имени?
E-8. Contribution to science — Вклад в науку
A. Little is known for certain about how guinea pigs were first introduced to Europe and North America as a domestic pet, but they most probably came during the 16th century. Holland, Portugal and Spain had colonies in South America, and the explorers brought to Europe gold and precious gems, along with other unusual and exciting finds. Colourful parrots became very popular status symbols in the homes of the wealthy, and with them came the guinea pig and other animals previously unknown in Europe.
Мало что наверняка известно о том, как морские свинки впервые были ввезены в Европу и Северную Америку в качестве домашнего питомца, но они, скорее всего, появились в 16-м веке. Голландия, Португалия и Испания были колониями в Южной Америке, и исследователи привезли в Европу золото и драгоценные камни, наряду с другими необычными и захватывающими находками. Красочные попугаи стали очень популярными символами статуса в домах богатых, а вместе с ними привезли морскую свинку и других животных, ранее неизвестных в Европе.
B. Many species of wild animals are in danger of complete extinction. This is usually due to loss of habitat as a result of human expansion, or it could be due to excessive hunting. A good, modern zoo has a valuable role to play in assisting with the protection of endangered species. This is both through education of the general public in the importance of conservation in general, and through breeding programmes to increase the population of endangered species in captivity and then reintroduce them into the wild.
Многие виды диких животных находятся под угрозой полного исчезновения. Это, как правило, из-за потери среды обитания в результате человеческой экспансии, или это может быть из-за чрезмерной охоты. Хороший, современный зоопарк играет ценную роль в оказании помощи в защите исчезающих видов. Это происходит как за счет образования широкой общественности в важности сохранения в целом, а также посредством программ разведения для увеличения популяции исчезающих видов в неволе, а затем вновь выпускать их в дикую природу.
C. The guinea pig is today one of the world’s most popular pets, ranking only a little way behind the rabbit. Though called guinea pigs, these animals are not pigs, nor do they come from Guinea. Why Guinea, then? Some say they could have originally changed hands at the cost of a guinea (twenty-one shillings — very expensive!). As for the “pig”, an explanation is much easier to guess — they run and squeal much as little piglets do!
Морская свинка сегодня является одним из самых популярных домашних животных в мире, лишь немного отстает от кролика. Хотя они и называются морскими свинками, эти животные не являются свиньями, и они не из Гвинеи. Почему тогда Гвинея? Некоторые говорят, что они первоначально были названы по стоимости «guinea» (двадцать один шиллинг — очень дорого). Что касается «свинка», объяснение гораздо проще угадать — они бегают и визжат как маленькие поросята!
D. Rabbits are among the most popular pets to keep due to their affectionate nature and love of cuddles. To show they are happy, they often grind their teeth softly when being petted, similar to cats purring. In general, rabbits are timid, non-aggressive and sociable with each other. With gentle handling they are generally quite tame. They are playful and entertaining to watch, but they need a great deal of interaction with their owners. Their cage should be relatively big, but they need some playtime outside it as well.
Кролики являются одними из самых популярных домашних животных, которых держат из-за их ласковой природы и любви объятий. Чтобы показать, что они счастливы, они часто скрипят зубами, когда их мягко поглаживаешь, похожие на кошачье мурлыканье. В общем, кролики пугливые, неагрессивные и общительные друг с другом. При бережном обращении они, как правило, совсем ручные. Они игривы и за ними интересно наблюдать, но они нуждаются во взаимодействии с их владельцами. Их клетка должна быть относительно большой, но им также нужно играть и за ее пределами.
E. For a long time guinea pigs were used as experimental animals. In 1890, the antitoxin for diphtheria was discovered using guinea pigs in the research, and as a result the lives of millions of children have been saved. In 1907 vitamin С was discovered due to guinea pigs. Like humans they cannot produce the vitamin and need it supplied in their diet. The guinea pig’s wide variety of hair types and colours has also made them a prime choice for studies of genetics and heredity. Later they were replaced by rats and mice.
Долгое время морских свинок использовали в качестве экспериментальных животных. В 1890 году антитоксин дифтерии был обнаружен с использованием морских свинок в исследованиях, и в результате жизни миллионов детей были спасены. В 1907 Витамин С был обнаружен из-за морских свинок. Как и люди, они не могут производить витамин и нужно, чтобы он присутствовал в их рационе. Широкое разнообразие морских свинок по типу шерсти и цвету также сделало их основным выбором для изучения генетики и наследственности. Позже они были заменены на крыс и мышей.
F. Security at Denver International Airport tries to protect cars from vandalism and theft, but there’s a new threat at its expansive parking lot. Ravenous rabbits. The animals are causing hundreds and sometimes thousands of dollars in damage to cars by devouring the wires under the hood. At least 100 rabbits are removed every month, but the problem persists. The airport is surrounded by prairie, and the rabbits are seeking warmth and food in the parked vehicles.
Служба безопасности в международном аэропорту Денвера пытается защитить автомобили от вандализма и кражи, но есть новая угроза на открытой стоянке. Прожорливые кролики. Животные наносят ущерб в сотни, а иногда и тысячи долларов, в виде повреждения автомобилей, пожирая провода под капотом. По крайней мере, 100 кроликов, удаляются каждый месяц, но проблема не решена. Аэропорт окружен прерией, и кролики ищут тепло и еду в припаркованных транспортных средствах.
G. Our mission at Wild Adventures Zoo is to bring family entertainment back to Las Vegas, in an educational manner. Teaching respect for animals through hands-on applications, workshops and conservation efforts, as well as helping injured and abandoned wildlife and exotic pets, is the reason Wild Adventures Zoo was created. Our focus is on educating the public through fun and exciting activities that allow them to interact with the animals.
Наша миссия в зоопарке Уайлд Эдвенчерс принести развлечение для всей семьи обратно в Лас-Вегас, в образовательной манере. Обучение уважению к животным через практическое применение, мастерские и семинары по сохранению, а также помощь раненым и брошенным диким и экзотическим животным, это и есть причины создания зоопарка Уайлд Эдвенчерс. Наше внимание сосредоточено на просвещение общественности с помощью увлекательных и интересных мероприятий, которые позволяют им взаимодействовать с животными.
11. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски А-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
Father’s Day
Father’s Day has been celebrated for over 100 years. It is also an event celebrated in many countries around the world, A 3. although at different times of the year. In North America and the United Kingdom, Father’s Day is celebrated on the third Sunday in June. Here are some tips to help you В 7. celebrate Father’s Day in a special way. Use this opportunity to get everyone in the family together for a day of fun. You don’t have to stay at home; you could go to the beach, a local park, one of dad’s favourite places!
Having a picnic during the summer months can be entertaining and a blast for the entire family. It’s a great boredom buster, but it also helps the family to get together and С 2. eat some delicious food and play fun games. It doesn’t take more than a picnic basket and a few food items. Among the healthier items good for a picnic there are apples, a watermelon, celery, and raisins, to name a few. Ask other members of the family to D5. help you choose some of their favourite food items that they’d like to have. You need to realize that it acts as glue for family bonds.
When it comes to making gifts for Father’s Day, perhaps steer clear of the E 6. traditional store-bought gifts of tie and socks. He has probably still got last year’s socks stuffed at the back of a drawer. Expensive gifts are not necessary, but the time and F 1. effort you put in to create a personalized present will be deeply appreciated.
Extra — 4. give advice on the best spot for the picnic – дать совет о лучшем месте для пикника
День отца
День отца отмечается уже более 100 лет. Кроме того, это событие отмечается во многих странах по всему миру, хотя в разное время года. В Северной Америке и Соединенном Королевстве, День отца празднуется в третье воскресенье июня. Вот несколько советов, которые помогут вам отметить День отца особым образом. Используйте эту возможность, чтобы собраться вместе всей семьей и повеселиться. Вы не должны оставаться дома; вы могли бы пойти на пляж, местный парк, в одно из самых любимых мест папы!
Устроить пикник в летние месяцы может быть интересным и является глотком свежего воздуха для всей семьи. Это отличный способ борьбы со скукой, но также помогает семье собраться вместе и поесть вкусной еды и поиграть в веселые игры. Не потребуется ничего больше, чем корзина для пикника и несколько продуктов питания. Среди здоровых продуктов хороших для пикника есть яблоки, арбуз, сельдерей, и изюм, вот всего несколько. Попросите у других членов семьи помочь вам выбрать некоторые из их любимых продуктов питания, которые они хотели бы иметь. Вы должны понимать, что оно действует как клей для семейных уз.
Когда дело доходит до дарения подарков на День отца, возможно, лучше держаться подальше от традиционных купленных в магазине подарков, таких как галстук и носки. У него, вероятно, все еще есть носки, подаренные в прошлом году в задней части ящика. Дорогие подарки не нужны, но время и усилия, которые вы приложили для создания персонального подарка, будут высоко оценены.
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12-18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Have you ever thought about cities of the future? Clean streets, flying cars and robots doing all the work? Almost half of the world’s population currently lives in cities, and by 2050 that is predicted to increase to 75%, but what kind of city will they be living in? Today, most city dwellers are dissatisfied because they have to live in overcrowded and polluted surroundings. Traffic jams are getting worse, queues longer, power cuts more common, bad air quality more threatening to human health.
There are various ideas about how a future city should look. Some of these revolve around the idea that better means greener. Experts predict carbon-neutral cities full of electric vehicles and bike-sharing schemes, with air quality so much improved that office workers can actually open their windows for the first time. Visions of a green city often include skyscrapers where living and office space comprises high-rise green-houses and vegetables growing on the roofs. Behind such greenification of cities lies a very pressing need.
Technology companies such as IBM believe that the best cities will become networks. In Rio de Janeiro, for example, IBM has already built an operations centre, which it describes as the “nerve centre” of the city. (отрывок из текста)
Вы когда-нибудь думали о городах будущего? Чистые улицы, летающие автомобили и роботы делают всю работу? Почти половина населения земного шара в настоящее время живет в городах, и по прогнозам к 2050 году увеличится до 75%, но, в каком городе они будут жить? В настоящее время большинство городских жителей недовольны, потому что они должны жить в перенаселенной и загрязненной среде. Пробки на дорогах становятся все хуже, очереди больше, отключения электроэнергии чаще, плохое качество воздуха представляет более серьезную угрозу для здоровья человека.
Есть различные идеи о том, как будущий город должен выглядеть. Некоторые из них вращаются вокруг идеи о том, что лучшее означает зеленее. Эксперты прогнозируют углерод-нейтральные города, полные электрических транспортных средств и схем движения велосипедистов, с качеством воздуха настолько улучшенным, что офисные работники могут фактически открыть свои окна в первый раз. Видения зеленого города часто включают в себя небоскребы, где жилые и офисные помещения включает в себя многоэтажные парники и теплицы, расположенные на крышах. За таким озеленением городов лежит очень острая необходимость.
Технологические компании, такие как IBM считают, что лучшие города станут электронными сообществами. В Рио-де-Жанейро, например, IBM уже построила центр управления, который она описывает как «нервный центр» города. Построенный изначально, чтобы помочь справиться с наводнениями, которые регулярно ставят под угрозу город, теперь он координирует 30 правительственных учреждений. Каждый человек с мобильным телефоном соединен с операционным центром. Оперативный центр отправляет сообщения на мобильные телефоны граждан и предоставляет информацию о потенциальных авариях, пробках и других обновлениях города.
Тот факт, что крупные корпорации стали настолько активно участвовать в проектировании городской инфраструктуры натолкнул критиков на вопрос, как быстро такой город может, как компьютерные системы, на которые они полагаются, стать устаревшими. Компьютеры и другие гаджеты обновляются все время, новые модели появляются два раза в год. Параллель также можно провести с офисными зданиями шестидесятых годов, которые могут быть описаны как места с низкими потолками стоящие грустные и пустые, так как передовые технологии посчитали их бесполезными.
Большинство проектов IBM обязуется привлекать сбор данных. Компания работает в тесном контакте с общественными группами, а также городскими советами. В штате Айова корпорация завершила проект, где домашним хозяйствам была предоставлена информация об их потреблении воды. Большинство быстро отреагировали и сэкономили воду при столкновении с данными. Интересно, что те, кто получил информацию о потреблении воды своих соседей, в два раза чаще вносили изменения.
Города имеют возможность предоставления чего-то для всех, только потому, и только тогда, когда они созданы всеми. Тем, кто строит города будущего, следует обратить внимание на эти советы.
12. Which of these problems of modern cities are NOT mentioned in paragraph 1? — Какие из этих проблем современных городов не упоминаются в пункте 1?
3) Water pollution — Загрязнение воды
13. The word “greenification” in paragraph 2 means… — Слово «озеленение» в пункте 2 означает
3) gardens on top of buildings — сады на крышах зданий
14. The pronoun “it” in sentence 3 of paragraph 3 refers to… — Местоимение «она» в предложении 3 пункта 3 относится к
1) the IBM company. — компания IBM.
15. What is the purpose of Rio de Janeiro’s operations centre? — Какова цель оперативного центра Рио-де-Жанейро?
1) To inform citizens on traffic density and emergency situations. — информировать граждан о плотности дорожного движения и чрезвычайных ситуациях.
16. Why does the author draw a parallel between the offices of the 60s and the cities of tomorrow? — Почему автор проводит параллель между офисами 60-х и городами завтрашнего дня?
2) To demonstrate the speed of progress. — Для того, чтобы продемонстрировать скорость прогресса.
17. How can access to information influence the behaviour of citizens? — Каким образом может доступ к информации влиять на поведение граждан?
3) They change their habits. — Они меняют свои привычки.
18. Choose the best title for the text. — Выберите лучший заголовок для текста.
2) A City of the Future — Город будущего
ЕГЭ Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика
Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19-25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содер¬жанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый про¬пуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19-25.
Around the world: the Seychelles
Welcome to the Seychelles! This is an archipelago of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean. It’s not difficult to find a good tourist spot in the Seychelles. It’s difficult to say which of them is the 19) best.
As the Seychelles islands have a year-long warm, tropical climate, it’s always a good time to visit, although different times of year may be better suited to your particular interests. People interested in 20) diving can make a visit to Denis Island.
Families with 21) children should visit St Anne National Marine Park and the famous beaches.
По всему миру: Сейшельские острова
Добро пожаловать на Сейшелы! Это архипелаг из 115 островов в Индийском океане. Не трудно найти хорошее туристическое место в Сейшельских островах. Трудно сказать, какое из них является лучшим.
Поскольку Сейшельские острова имеют круглый год теплый, тропический климат, то это всегда хорошее время для посещения, хотя разные времена года могут лучше всего подходить для ваших конкретных интересов. Люди, заинтересованные дайвингом могут посетить Денис Айлэнд.
Семьи с детьми должны посетить Национальный морской парк Санкт-Энн и знаменитые пляжи.
Happy New Year
It was an exam before Christmas. One of the students 22) didn’t know how to answer the question.
He was trying hard, but couldn’t remember a single word from the textbook. So he 23) wrote, “God knows! I don’t. Merry Christmas!”
Some time 24) later, just before the New Year, the examination papers came back.
The student saw that the professor 25) had written on his paper, “God gets 100, you get 0. Happy New Year!”
С новым годом
Это был экзамен перед Рождеством. Один из студентов не знал, как ответить на вопрос.
Он изо всех сил старался, но не мог вспомнить ни одного слова из учебника. Таким образом, он написал: «Бог знает! Я нет. Счастливого Рождества!»
Через некоторое время, незадолго до Нового года, пришли экзаменационные работы.
Студент увидел, что профессор написал на его работе, «Бог получает 100, вы получаете 0. С Новым годом!»
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26-31, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26-31.
The history of radio
Radio started with the discovery of “radio waves”. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves that can transmit music, speech, pictures and other data 26) invisibly through the air.
Many devices work by using electromagnetic waves, including radio, microwaves, cordless phones, remote controlled toys, television broadcasts, and more.
During the 1860s, Scottish physicist, J.C. Maxwell predicted the 27) existence of radio waves.
In 1886, German 28) scientist, H.R. Hertz demonstrated that rapid variations of electric current could be projected into space in the form of radio waves.
G. Marconi, an Italian 29) inventor, sent and received his first radio signal in Italy in 1895.
By 1899 he flashed the first 30) wireless signal across the English Channel and two years later received the letter “S”, telegraphed from England to Newfoundland.
This was the first 31) successful transatlantic radiotelegraph message.
История радио
Радио началось с открытия «радиоволн». Радиоволны представляют собой электромагнитные волны, которые могут передавать музыку, речь, изображения и другие данные незримо через воздух.
Многие устройства работают с помощью электромагнитных волн, в том числе радио, микроволновые печи, беспроводные телефоны, игрушки с дистанционным управлением, телевизионные передачи и многое другое.
В течение 1860-х годов, шотландский физик, Дж. К. Максвелл предсказал существование радиоволн.
В 1886 году, немецкий ученый, Г. Р. Герц показал, что быстрые изменения электрического тока могут быть спроецированы в космическое пространство в виде радиоволн.
Г. Маркони, итальянский изобретатель, послал и получил свой первый радиосигнал в Италии в 1895 году.
К 1899 году он отправил первый беспроводной сигнал через Ла-Манш и два года спустя получил букву «S», телеграфированную из Англии в Ньюфаундленд.
Это было первое успешное трансатлантическое радиотелеграфное сообщение.
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32-38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа.
Tests and test-takers
You don’t have to be a psychologist to guess how students are feeling during a test or an exam. Just by observing their body language you can tell whether they will pass or 32) fail.
Just before the test starts, they will often 33) tell silly things and try nervously to hide their nervousness. A little tension or stress before and during a test is normal. When the examinees get their papers, some of them will 34) smile to themselves — a sure sign they know the answers. 35) However, if they feel the exam is hard, you may hear how disappointed they are or see how annoyed they are when they frown. Some will try to glance quickly at their neighbours’ tests, and some will yawn to pretend that they are bored or tired, while, in fact, they are just waiting for the teacher to turn 36) away so that one of their mates can quietly 37) whisper the answers to them. When they finish, some will immediately dash out as if they were desperate to check their answers in their course book, while others will 38) stroll out slowly, relaxed and sure they have passed.
Тесты и тестируемые
Вам не нужно быть психологом, чтобы догадаться, как студенты чувствуют себя во время теста или экзамена. Просто наблюдая за языком их тела, вы можете сказать, сдадут они, или по терпят неудачу.
Как раз перед началом теста, они часто говорят глупые вещи и пытаются нервно скрыть свою нервозность. Небольшое напряжение или стресс до и во время теста нормально. Когда испытуемые получают свои задания, некоторые из них будут улыбаться себе — верный признак того, что они знают ответы. Тем не менее, если они чувствуют, что экзамен трудный, вы можете услышать, как они разочарованы или увидеть, как они раздражены, когда они хмурятся. Некоторые из них будут пытаться заглянуть быстро в тест своих соседей, а некоторые будут зевать, делая вид, что им скучно или они устали, в то время как, на самом деле, они просто ждут, когда учитель отвернется, чтобы один из их товарищей смог спокойно прошептать им ответы. Когда они заканчивают, некоторые из них немедленно выскакивают, словно они спешат проверить свои ответы в учебнике, в то время как другие выходят неторопливо, спокойные и уверенные, что они сдали.
ЕГЭ Раздел 4. Письмо
Для ответов на задания 39 и 40 используйте бланк ответов № 2. Черновые пометки могут делаться прямо на листе с заданиями, или можно использовать отдельный черновик. При выполнении заданий 39 и 40 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в бланке ответов № 2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются. Запишите сначала номер задания (39, 40), а затем ответ на него. Если одной стороны бланка недостаточно, Вы можете использовать другую его сторону.
39. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Tom who writes — Вы получили письмо от англоговорящего друга по переписке Тома, который пишет:
…This summer we are again going to Brighton. I wish I could go abroad to France or Spain — I have never been abroad. How do you usually spend your summer holidays? If you won a trip abroad, what country would you like to visit and what would you like to see there? How would you like to get there?
By the way, my sister is getting married in the autumn…
Write a letter to Tom.
In your letter
— answer his questions
— ask 3 questions about his sister
Write 100-140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Этим летом мы снова собираемся в Брайтон. Я хотел бы поехать за границу во Францию или Испанию — я никогда не был за границей. Как ты обычно проводишь свой летний отпуск? Если бы ты выиграл поездку за границу, какую страну ты хотел бы посетить и что ты хотел бы увидеть там? Как бы ты хотел туда попасть?
Кстати, моя сестра выходит замуж осенью …
Напишите письмо Тому.
В своем письме
— ответьте на его вопросы
— задайте 3 вопроса о его сестре
Напишите 100-140 слов.
Помните правила письма.
40. Comment on the following statement. – Прокомментируйте следующее утверждение.
There are no bad students — there are bad teachers. — Нет плохих учеников — есть плохие учителя.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement? — Каково ваше мнение? Согласны ли вы с этим утверждением?
Write 200-250 words. — Напишите 200-250 слов.
Use the following plan — Используйте следующий план:
— make an introduction (state the problem) — введение (постановка задачи)
— express your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion — выскажите свое личное мнение и дайте 2-3 причины за ваше мнение
— express an opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasons for this opposing opinion – выразите противоположное мнение и дайте 1-2 причины для этого мнения
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion — Объясните, почему вы не согласны с противоположным мнением
— make a conclusion restating your position – сделайте вывод подтверждающий вашу позицию
Подготовка к заданию ЕГЭ-11 АЯ 40 — «письменное высказывание с элементами рассуждения».
Содержание
Some people say that genetically modified food is hazardous to health
Some people think that organic food is healthier than conventional food
Some people think that we should eat at home
Some people think that clothes help them show who they really are
Some people say that there should not be any rules about the clothes people can wear in the workplace
Some people think that tattoos and piercing make them more attractive
Some people say that school trips are beneficial for students
Some people think that the best way to travel in a town or in a city is on foot
Some people say that travelling by plane is very convenient
Some people say that hitchhiking is the best way of travelling
Some people think that international travel has a lot of benefits
Some people say that the best way to travel is by ship
Some people say that having friends is important for everyone
Some people think that only those who have much in common can become friends
Many people think that love makes a person happy
Some people think that only those who earn a lot of money can be happy
Some people say that making money with the Internet is reality
Some people say that having a hobby is important for everyone
Some people believe that teenagers should not be given too much free time
Some people think that collecting various things is a waste of time and money
Some people think that homeschooling is an excellent alternative to traditional education
Some people think that if you want to get a good education, you should go abroad
Some people think that the most important thing for a teacher is to make studying enjoyable for students
Some people think that computers may replace teachers in the future
Many people think that homework is essential for every student
Some people think that grades encourage students to learn
Some people think that creativity is an essential ability which must be taught at school
Some people say that having jobs can be of great benefit to teenagers
Some people think that it is more important to get satisfaction from your work than to earn much money
Some people think that young people should follow in their parents’ footsteps when choosing a profession
Some people think that it is better to work abroad
At present, there is no difficulty in finding a good job
Many people believe that it is important to develop teamwork in the workplace
Some people think that modern technologies make life more convenient
Some people say that using mobile telephones must be prohibited in school
Some people think that the Internet has more drawbacks than advantages
Some people say that the Internet has improved the effectiveness of education
Some people believe that there are real risks to dating via the Internet
Some people prefer writing traditional paper letters to using e-mail
Some people are worried about computers and robots doing the same things that people can do
Some people say that the theatre is likely to disappear
Some people believe that dancing can be of great benefit to children
Some people think that rap music has a bad influence on teenagers
Some people think that watching movies is beneficial to everybody
Some people prefer watching a film version to reading a book
Some people say that we do not need public libraries any more
Some people say that weight loss diets can be very harmful
Some people say that extreme sports are too risky
Some people dream of becoming professional athletes
Some people think that surfing is rather risky
Some people think that physical attractiveness is important for everyone
Some people prefer to have only one child
Some people choose to build a family through adoptions
Some people believe that adult children should not live with their parents
Some people say that it is wonderful to have a sibling
Some people say that overpopulation is a major problem for the human race
Some people continue smoking in spite of all warnings
Some people say that capital punishment should be allowed
Some people say that there is nothing better than watching TV
Some people think that reality TV shows are enjoyable and bring many benefits to the audience and the actors
Some people say that print media will disappear in the future
Some people say that shopping is interesting and enjoyable
Some people say that our lives would be better if we bought fewer goods
Many people say that it is important to recycle waste
Some people prefer hybrid cars to traditional cars
Some people say that modern teenagers are carefree
Parents have many concerns about their teenagers dating
Some people believe that animals should not be taken from their natural surroundings and put into zoos
Some people think that keeping pets is a waste of time and money
Some people think that virtual pets can replace real pets
Some people believe that learning foreign languages is a waste of time
Many people dream of being famous someday
Some people do not care whether they buy pirated or legal CDs and DVDs
Some people say that ambitiousness is the key to success and happiness
Some people say that nonverbal messages improve communication
(Юнева С. А. Открывая мир с английским языком. Новые 150 эссе для ЕГЭ.)
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Раздел 1. АУДИРОВАНИЕ
Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A—F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1—7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.
2
Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А—G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.
A Dana has been very successful recently.
B Ken is going to tell Dana some important information.
C Dana is looking for the job at the moment.
D Dana’s promotion came through quite unexpectedly.
E Dana didn’t get a raise in her salary.
F Ken is getting married in two weeks.
G Dana is surprised to hear that her friend is getting married.
Утверждение
Соответствие диалогу
Вы услышите рассказ популярной американской певицы о её карьере. В заданиях 3—9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
3
The narrator says she started to write songs
1) when she was ten.
2) because she could not talk.
3) because it was the best way to express her feelings.
Ответ: .
4
According to the narrator,
1) she could afford to have a recording studio.
2) her family was not well off.
3) she bought Christmas presents for her friends.
Ответ: .
5
The narrator returned to Texas because
1) her apartment burnt down.
2) she had got several college music scholarships.
3) a friend told her about the American Idol audition in Dallas.
Ответ: .
6
Looking back on the show, the narrator says that
1) few people really believed she could win.
2) the members of the crew were not at all supportive.
3) everyone was supporting her.
Ответ: .
7
The narrator thinks that
1) she ought to become thinner.
2) she could serve as a role model for young girls.
3) girls should not live up to their idols.
Ответ: .
8
The narrator dreams of
1) touring the world.
2) having a permanent relationship.
3) staying single.
Ответ: .
9
The narrator considers herself
1) to be a celebrity.
2) practical and sensible.
3) honest and sincere.
Ответ: .
Раздел 2. ЧТЕНИЕ
10
Установите соответствие между заголовками 1—8 и текстами A—G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. The Best Way of Learning
2. Key Factor in Learning
3. Linguistic Interference
4. Universal Language
5. Online Learning
6. Language Extinction
7. Learning by Imitation
8. Sign Language
A. Young children have a genetic ability to learn language. They come into the world as eager learning machines, and language acquisition is a major aspect of this learning. How children actually learn language is not entirely clear, however. Most linguists believe that they do it primarily by listening to and trying to communicate with adult speakers. Initially, this means that they copy the way adults use words and grammar.
B. Learning a second or third language is easier in early childhood than later. It is particularly important to learn correct pronunciation as young as possible. At any age, learning by constant contact with native speakers in their own society is the quickest and the most effective method. It is superior to taking foreign language classes because it forces you to concentrate on it all of the time.
C. Learning a second language can be affected by the patterns of the first language. There can be some blending of phonemes. For instance, most Americans who learn French in high school or college pronounce French words with a distinctive American accent. Grammar can also be affected. English speakers who learn both French and Spanish sometimes combine grammatical rules of both when speaking either of them.
D. Until just a few years ago, language study was limited to the classroom or personal tutor, or home study by book. In the last few decades technology has given us a much needed audio option — first vinyl records, then cassettes and CDs. Now technology has given us a new format — the Internet. Options to learn a language by Internet are still limited but the potential is not.
E. What is important when learning a language? If you have the desire and persistence, time is the only factor that you may have to work with. How much time you can devote to learning will play a role in how quickly you can learn the language. Just remember how exciting it will be and how rewarding you will feel at the accomplishment.
F. Rather than have businessmen, diplomats, scientists and tourists from every country learning all the major languages that they want to learn or need to learn, Esperantists would have everyone just learn one second language — Esperanto. Then everyone could communicate with everyone, everywhere. The major ‘national’ languages could keep their special characteristics for anyone who wanted to learn them. This is the essence of the ‘Esperanto Movement’.
G. More than half of the world’s 7,000 languages are expected to die out by the end of the century, often taking with them irreplaceable knowledge about the natural world. When a species dies out, sometimes fossils can be found, remains uncovered. But when a human language disappears, there’s rarely any key left behind. Each loss becomes a linguistic black hole, where an entire way of knowing the world disappears.
11
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A—F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.
A constitution may be defined as the system of fundamental principles according to A ____________. A good example of a written constitution is the Constitution of the United States, formed in 1787.
The Constitution sets up a federal system with a strong central government. Each state preserves its own independence by reserving to itself certain well-defined powers such as education, taxes and finance, internal communications, etc. The powers B ____________ are those dealing with national defence, foreign policy, the control of international trade, etc.
Under the Constitution power is also divided among the three branches of the national government. The First Article provides for the establishment of the legislative body, Congress, and defines its powers. The second does the same for the executive branch, the President, and the Third Article provides for a system of federal courts.
The Constitution itself is rather short, it contains only 7 articles. And it was obvious in 1787 C ____________. So the 5th article lays down the procedure for amendment. A proposal to make a change must be first approved by two-thirds majorities in both Houses of Congress and then ratified by three quarters of the states.
The Constitution was finally ratified and came into force on March 4, 1789. When the Constitution was adopted, Americans were dissatisfied D ____________. It also recognized slavery and did not establish universal suffrage.
Only several years later, Congress was forced to adopt the first 10 amendments to the Constitution, E ____________. They guarantee to Americans such important rights and freedoms as freedom of press, freedom of religion, the right to go to court, have a lawyer, and some others.
Over the past 200 years 26 amendments have been adopted F ____________. It provides the basis for political stability, individual freedom, economic growth and social progress.
- which are given to a Federal government
- because it did not guarantee basic freedoms and individual rights
- but the Constitution itself has not been changed
- so it has to be changed
- which a nation or a state is constituted and governed
- which were called the Bill of Rights
- that there would be a need for altering it
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
That summer an army of crickets started a war with my father. They picked a fight the minute they invaded our cellar. Dad didn’t care for bugs much more than Mamma, but he could tolerate a few spiders and assorted creepy crawlers living in the basement. Every farm house had them. A part of rustic living, and something you needed to put up with if you wanted the simple life.
He told Mamma: ‘Now that we’re living out here, you can’t be jerking your head and swallowing your gum over what’s plain natural, Ellen.’ But she was a city girl through and through and had no ears when it came to defending vermin. She said a cricket was just a noisy cockroach, just a dumb horny bug that wouldn’t shut up. No way could she sleep with all that chirping going on! Then to prove her point she wouldn’t go to bed. She drank coffee and smoked my father’s cigarettes and she paced between the couch and the TV. Next morning she threatened to pack up and leave, so Dad drove to the hardware store and hurried back. He squirted poison from a jug with a spray nozzle. He sprayed the basement and all around the foundation of the house. When he had finished, he told us that was the end of it.
But what he should have said was: ‘This is the beginning’. For the next fourteen days Mamma kept finding dead crickets in the clean laundry. She’d shake out a towel or a sheet and a dead black cricket would roll across the linoleum. Sometimes the cat would corner one, and swat it around like he was playing hockey, then carry it away in his mouth. Dad said swallowing a few dead crickets wouldn’t hurt as long as the cat didn’t eat too many.
Soon live crickets started showing up in the kitchen and bathroom. Mamma freaked because she thought they were the dead crickets come back to haunt, but Dad said they were definitely a new batch, probably coming up on the pipes. He fetched his jug of poison and sprayed beneath the sink and behind the toilet and all along the baseboard until the whole house smelled of poison, and then he sprayed the cellar again, and then he went outside and sprayed all around the foundation leaving a foot-wide moat of poison.
For a couple of weeks we went back to finding dead crickets in the laundry. Dad told us to keep a sharp look out. He suggested that we’d all be better off to hide as many as we could from Mamma. I fed a few dozen to the cat who I didn’t like because he scratched and bit for no reason. I hoped the poison might kill him so we could get a puppy. Once in a while we found a dead cricket in the bathroom or beneath the kitchen sink. A couple of weeks later, when both live and dead crickets kept turning up, Dad emptied the cellar of junk. He borrowed Uncle Burt’s pickup and hauled a load to the dump. Then he burned a lot of bundled newspapers and magazines which he said the crickets had turned into nests.
He stood over that fire with a rake in one hand and a garden hose in the other. He wouldn’t leave it even when Mamma sent me out to fetch him for supper. He wouldn’t leave the fire, and she wouldn’t put supper on the table. Both my brothers were crying. Finally she went out and got him herself. And while we ate, the wind lifted some embers onto the wood pile. The only gasoline was in the lawn mower fuel tank but that was enough to create an explosion big enough to reach the house. Once the roof caught, there wasn’t much anyone could do.
After the fire trucks left, I made the mistake of volunteering to stay behind while Mamma took the others to Aunt Gail’s. I helped Dad and Uncle Burt and two men I’d never seen before carry things out of the house and stack them by the road. In the morning we’d come back in Burt’s truck and haul everything away. We worked into the night and we didn’t talk much, hardly a word about anything that mattered, and Dad didn’t offer any plan that he might have for us now. Uncle Burt passed a bottle around, but I shook my head when it came to me. I kicked and picked through the mess, dumb struck at how little there was to salvage, while all around the roar of crickets magnified our silence.
(Adapted from ‘The Cricket War’ by Bob Thurber)
12
A cricket is
1) a small animal.
2) a spider.
3) an insect.
4) a game.
Ответ: .
13
Mamma threatened to pack up and leave because
1) she had smoked all cigarettes.
2) she had not got used to rustic living.
3) she could not put up with crickets.
4) she was a city girl through and through.
Ответ: .
14
After Dad had sprayed the basement and all around the foundation of the house,
1) the family were constantly coming across dead crickets.
2) the family kept seeing live crickets everywhere.
3) the dead crickets came back to haunt.
4) all crickets disappeared.
Ответ: .
15
The narrator fed the cat with crickets because
1) the cat was hungry.
2) he would like to have another pet.
3) he wanted to hide crickets from Mamma.
4) Dad told him to do it.
Ответ: .
16
Dad borrowed Uncle Burt’s pickup
1) to fight with crickets.
2) to bring new furniture to the cellar.
3) to throw away newspapers and magazines.
4) to get rid of rubbish.
Ответ: .
17
The house caught fire because
1) Dad left a garden hose near the fire.
2) the wind lifted some papers onto the wood pile.
3) the fuel tank had gone off.
4) there wasn’t much anyone could do.
Ответ: .
18
The narrator was surprised
1) that Dad didn’t offer any plan.
2) when the bottle came to him.
3) that crickets were all around.
4) that there was not much to save from the fire.
Ответ: .
Раздел 3. ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19—25.
Обратите внимание, что по правилам ЕГЭ ответы нужно писать без пробелов и других знаков, например, правильный ответ ‘have done’ нужно будет записать как ‘havedone’, иначе ваш ответ не засчитается.
September Mood in England
19
It’s Monday morning and Miss Williams walks into her office. Her holiday is over and she (just) to work.
RETURN
20
She looks brown, relaxed and than usual.
HAPPY
21
The other girls stand round her. ‘Where (you)?’ one of the girls asks.
GO
22
‘Italy, not far from Naples. I enjoyed it very much.’ she answers, happily.
SMILE
23
Her boss, Mr. Wetridge comes in ten minutes later. He looks a bit worried because he about the winter.
THINK
24
Central heating in his house five years ago and now it’s time to have it repaired.
INSTALL
25
Besides, his wife wants him to put in double glazing. But she that to double-glaze all the windows will cost quite a lot of money.
NOT
UNDER-
STAND
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26—31, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26—31.
Junk Food
26
In today’s world, many people are looking for a quick snack, meal or boost of energy. They choose processed food bars, thinking that they’re a healthy choice.
INCREASE
27
However, most bars contain processed foods which are called ‘junk foods’.
DESIRE
28
They give you a false sense of energy and .
FULL
29
One problem with junk foods is that they’re low in satiation value. Another problem is that junk food tends to other, more nutritious foods.
PLACE
30
It’s the 21st century now and ‘junk food’ has gone . We see it everywhere: in grocery and convenience stores, in fast-food
restaurants and on television.
GLOBE
31
Although junk food is now all over the world, people should be aware of its disadvantages and choose healthier alternatives.
AVAIL
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32—38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32—38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
The Changing World of Computers
Computers are rapidly changing the way we do things. For a technology that is still relatively new, their 32____ on the business and consumer sector has been incomprehensible. As if it was not sufficient to own one computer, many people nowadays have a few of them. We think we need a desktop computer, a laptop computer, and a bunch of little computers in our phones and music players, even 33____ they actually do the same thing. Now that everybody has their desktops and laptops, and we are all able to 34____ the Internet anytime we want to, our world has turned into a virtual playground. We can now connect with our foreign neighbours in a matter of seconds, 35____ of how far away they are from us. It’s as if we no longer have borders in this highly digital world of ours.
Desktops have always been a great option, but the problem with them is that they are not mobile. They have all the 36____ of other computers, but it can be annoying at times to have to sit in the same spot while working. For businesses and personal offices, desktop computers are still the favoured option because of their power. But when people have to be connected while travelling, the need for laptops really becomes apparent. The main advantage of laptops is the ability to communicate with people no 37____ where you are. Our society has been converted into one that has to have all the latest gadgets. Some people even 38____ down on others if they still have last year’s model of some gadget. Those people will always be behind the curve just because of how fast technology is advancing now.
32
1) affect
2) role
3) impact
4) value
Ответ: .
33
1) though
2) now
3) so
4) as
Ответ: .
34
1) register
2) log
3) connect
4) access
Ответ: .
35
1) regardless
2) regarding
3) in spite
4) despite
Ответ: .
36
1) qualities
2) skills
3) capabilities
4) traits
Ответ: .
37
1) trouble
2) matter
3) doubt
4) problem
Ответ: .
38
1) turn
2) fall
3) come
4) look
Ответ: .
Ваш результат: пока 0.
Далее вы можете набрать еще 40 баллов. Автоматически это проверить нельзя, поэтому сделайте реалистичный прогноз о том, сколько бы вы смогли набрать баллов, и получите ваш итоговый результат ЕГЭ.
Если возник вопрос по ответу, в котором вы ошиблись, можете задать его в комментариях.
Раздел 4. ПИСЬМО
Для ответов на задания 39 и 40 используйте бланк ответов № 2. Черновые пометки можно делать прямо на листе с заданиями, или можно использовать отдельный черновик. При выполнении заданий 39 и 40 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ № 2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются. Запишите сначала номер задания (39, 40), а затем ответ на него. Если одной стороны бланка недостаточно, Вы можете использовать другую его сторону.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend John who writes:
… It’s difficult for me to get on well with my parents. They think that I spend too much time hanging around with my friends so we often argue about it. And what do you do when you disagree with your parents about how you spend your free time? Do you often meet your friends? What do you usually do together?
Oh, I’ve got to go now as I have to meet my sister from her music class. Drop me a line when you can.
Write a letter to John.
In your letter
— answer his questions
— ask 3 questions about his relations with his sister
Write 100 — 140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
За это задание вы можете получить 6 баллов максимум.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people enjoy living in big cities whereas others find such a lifestyle really harmful.
Write 200 — 250 words.
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
За это задание вы можете получить 14 баллов максимум.
Раздел 5. ГОВОРЕНИЕ
— За 1,5 минуты нужно подготовиться и в следующие 1,5 минуты выразительно прочитать текст вслух — 1 балл.
— Составление 5 вопросов на основе ключевых слов. На подготовку отводится 1,5 минуты, затем каждый вопрос надо сформулировать в течение 20 секунд — 5 баллов.
— 3 фотографии. Нужно выбрать 1 и описать ее по предложенному тут же в задании плану за 3,5 минуты — 7 баллов.
— 2 картинки. Нужно сравнить их, описать сходства и различия, объяснить, почему выбранная тематика близка выпускнику, за 3,5 минуты — 7 баллов.
Установите соответствие тем 1 — 8 текстам A — G. Занесите свои ответы в соответствующее поле справа. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.
1. A totally unnecessary source
2. Let yourself enjoy tasty things
3. A drastic mistake
4. The ideal protein intake
5. Start cooking, stop taking out
6. What is a calorie?
7. Portion sizes matter
8. Think about food before eating
A. In the scientific sense, a calorie is the unit of energy needed to raise 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius. When you think of calories, think of them like that: as energy, the stuff that keeps you going. It is necessary to find the balance, but you’re going to have a lot of problems trying to run on empty. Calories come from three main macronutrients: protein, carbohydrates, and fats. Everything you eat is some combinations of them. They all have uses in the body in appropriate amounts.
B. The macronutrients all have complex sets of jobs in the body. Carbohydrates are a source of energy, and that’s pretty accurate. They’ve gotten a bad reputation in the last few decades, but your brain lives on sugar. You also may have read recently that sugar is addictive. A 2014 study from the University of Edinburgh found that people could show addictive behaviour around eating, but that sugar itself did not promote addictive behavior. So enjoy carbohydrates in the right amount for your activity level.
C. Most people overeat added sugars, for example, you can find them in sweets or yougurt. It isn’t an ingredient that any of us need very much of — in fact, we don’t need it at all. The recommended sugar guidelines are no more than 6 teaspoons of added sugar a day for women or 9 teaspoons for men. But a recent study from the Manchester Research Centre found that Americans average 22.9 teaspoons of added sugar a day! We also know that excess added sugar consumption has been implicated as a risk factor for heart disease.
D. When I was in nutrition school, we all learned the same thing: protein requirements are 0.8 to 1 gram per kilogram of bodyweight for healthy people. What we didn’t learn is that these numbers are the minimum protein requirements for healthy people. For active people, 2 grams per kilogram of bodyweight per day appears to be ideal. So if you’re working out regularly and are healthy, you may want to check that you’re eating enough protein.
E. Weight is very individual, so what applies to me may not apply to you. However, I find that when I gain weight, it’s because of two things: I’m eating too much sugar, and I’m picking at everything in sight. If you’re trying to maintain or lose weight, cutting back on the mindless eating can help. Concentrate on what you’re eating. It helps you tune into your body’s hunger and satiety cues, so you’re not eating too little or too much.
F. Eating healthier is work. But putting in the effort to cook for yourself is so worth it, especially in the long-term. Cooking for yourself means you’re taking control of what you put into your body, and that’s a good thing. As for me, I’ve started by grocery shopping on a weekend and preparing one or two proteins and two to three vegetables for the week ahead. This way, I’ve been ready for meals, and not scrambling for the takeout menus at the end of the day on my way home from work.
G. Trigger foods are the ones that make you lose all control once you start eating them. One option is to avoid keeping your trigger foods in the house, but buying them when you feel like it. If you don’t have a constant wish of your favourite chocolate bars, you can’t grab one to distract you when you’re bored. It’s normal to struggle a bit with moderation around trigger foods, and it’s also normal to go overboard sometimes.
1. One product — many dishes
2. Simple to prepare
3. Once local — now global
4. Good for everyone
5. More than food
6. Impossible to grow
7. Synonymous to food
8. Differrent table manners
A. Over the centuries, rice has become a part of the traditions of many cultures. In some societies, it is traditional to throw a handful of rice on newlywed couples, symbolizing the wish for a large family and prosperity. In India, rice is traditionally the first food that bride offers her new husband. It is typical for people to leave offerings of rice in Buddhist temples. In Thailand, the annual Royal Plowing Ceremony has taken place in front of the Grand Palace in Bangkok for seven centuries.
B. The basic recipe for cooking rice is easy. First you need to bring 2 cups of water to boil. When the water is boiling, add 1 cup of rice. Cover the pot. As soon as the water boils again, reduce the heat. Let the rice cook for 15 to 20 minutes. The rice is ready when all the water is absorbed. It’s now possible to buy rice cooking machines that cook perfect rice every time, especially in large quantities. This is particularly helpful in Asian cultures, where families often eat rice with every meal. In these countries, rice is also used to make pancakes, sweets and wine — indeed almost anything!
C. Rice is the primary source of nutrition for more than half of the world’s population. Countries as different as Japan, India, Nigeria and Mexico use rice in their national cuisine. In Chinese, the word for rice is the same as the word for food. And in Thailand, when you call your family to a meal, you say “eat rice.” So it’s easy to understand why the 2008 global rice shortage was a real crisis for billions of people. In some countries the shortage led to big price increases. Some governments had to control the sale of rice.
D. Many people consider rice to be one of the healthiest of possible food choices. It has no sodium or cholesterol, and almost no fat. One half cup of rice has approximately 100 calories, and those calories are rich in important vitamins and minerals, including folic acid, iron and zinc. Many athletes eat rice because as a carbohydrate it is a great source of energy. Rice even has certain chemicals in it that are supposed to improve your mood. Brown rice is the healthiest of all because it is 100% grain.
E. Archeologists believe that rice has been grown as a source of food for at least 4000 years. It was first grown in China, and then introduced to India. Over the centuries the practice of growing rice has spread literally across the globe. Today rice is grown in Peru, Egypt, and even the United States, but over 90% of the world’s rice is still grown in Asian countries. Rice is best grown in wet, sub-tropical climates, and in many countries it is still cultivated using intensive human and animal labor. For this reason, large families are still typical, and the water buffalo is a valued possession.
F. One of the amazing things about rice is how adaptable it is. It is an essential ingredient in cuisines all around the world — cuisines as different as Japanese, Mexican, and West African. The Japanese combine sticky rice with raw fish to create numerous varieties of sushi. Mexican rice, flavored with cumin and tomatoes, is a colorful side dish. Every country in West Africa has its own version of a regional rice dish called jollof, often served with fried plantain, a kind of banana.
G. All around the world people eat rice in different ways. In India it is traditional to eat rice with your right hand. You just mix the rice with a little curry, roll it into a ball, and pop it into your mouth. In China it’s common to use chopsticks (or kuaizi). People in Korea, Thailand and Vietnam eat their rice with a spoon. And in European countries and in the United States rice is eaten with a fork.
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Комментарий:
A — 5 «Over the centuries, rice has become a part of the traditions of many cultures»
B — 2 «The basic recipe for cooking rice is easy. «
C — 7 » In Chinese, the word for rice is the same as the word for food. And in Thailand, when you call your family to a meal, you say “eat rice.”
D — 4 «Many people consider rice to be one of the healthiest of possible food choices. «
E — 3 «Over the centuries the practice of growing rice has spread literally across the globe.»
F — 1 » It is an essential ingredient in cuisines all around the world — cuisines as different as Japanese, Mexican, and West African. «
G — 8 » All around the world people eat rice in different ways. «
Ответ: 5274318
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