Different terms егэ ответы

Задание №9494.
Чтение. ЕГЭ по английскому

Установите соответствие между заголовками 1 — 8 и текстами A — G. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. Different terms
2. Emotions and sleep
3. Lack of sleep
4. Sleep and obesity
5. The importance of sleep
6. Reasons to be active
7. How long to sleep
8. What is obesity

A. When a person has excess weight or body fat, this might affect their health. It is usually caused by the consumption of more calories than the body can use. The excess calories are stored as fat. Obesity is a medical condition. It was first recognized as a disease in 1948 by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Obese people suffer from a large number of diseases. In most people, obesity is caused by eating too much and moving too little. There are different types of obesity.

B. It’s never too late to become more physically active. Physical activity refers to any movement of the body that uses energy. It can include housework, walking and gardening. Exercise is a kind of physical activity. It is planned and repetitive. Examples of exercise are going to the gym and running on a treadmill. If you are interested in maintaining good health, physical activity can be a great place to start. If you want to achieve fitness goals, you will need to incorporate structured exercise into your routine.

C. Exercising regularly is one of the most important things you can do for your health. In the short term, exercise helps to control appetite, boost mood and improve sleep. In the long term, it reduces the risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, dementia and depression. Exercise plays a vital role in building and maintaining strong muscles and bones. Regular exercise also increases your chances of living longer. There are many types of physical activity, including swimming, running, jogging, walking and dancing.

D. Sleep plays an essential role in your health and well-being. Getting enough good quality sleep has many benefits. It protects your physical and mental health, quality of life and personal safety. When we sleep, our brain lays down memory, restores daytime mental functioning and carries out processes that lead to physical growth. Poor sleep is strongly linked to weight gain. People with short sleep duration tend to weigh significantly more than those who get adequate sleep. Mental health issues are strongly linked to poor sleep quality.

E. Sleep is a vital indicator of overall health and well-being. On average, adults should optimally receive between seven and nine hours of sleep each night, but those needs vary individually. For example, some people feel best with eight consecutive hours of sleep, while others do well with six to seven hours at night and daytime napping. Some people feel okay when their sleep schedule changes, while others feel strongly affected by a new schedule or even one night of insufficient sleep.

F. Obesity develops when energy intake is greater than expenditure. Diet and physical activity play an important part in this. However, an additional factor may be inadequate sleep. A growing body of research suggests that there’s a link between how much people sleep and how much they weigh. In general, children and adults who get too little sleep tend to weigh more than those who get enough sleep. People who don’t get enough sleep may take in more calories than those who do, simply because they are awake longer and have more opportunities to eat.

G. People find it harder to fall asleep when they are anxious and sad. The relationship between mood disorders and quality sleep is a complex, two-way street. Just as negative mood states can make getting a good night’s sleep a virtual impossibility, insufficient sleep can lead to depression. Regardless of which comes first, the end result is that a blue mood and poor sleep go hand-in-hand. The amount and quality of our sleep can play a huge role in our mental health including how we feel and how we act toward other people.

A	B	C	D	E	F	G

Решение:
Заголовок 8 (What is obesity. — Что такое ожирение) соответствует содержанию текста A: «When a person has excess weight or body fat…»

Заголовок 1 (Different terms. — Разные условия) соответствует содержанию текста B: «Physical activity refers to any movement of the body that uses energy.»

Заголовок 6 (Reasons to be active. — Причины быть активными) соответствует содержанию текста C: «In the short term, exercise helps to control appetite, boost mood and improve sleep. In the long term…»

Заголовок 5 (The importance of sleep. — Важность сна) соответствует содержанию текста D: «Sleep plays an essential role in your health and well-being.»

Заголовок 7 (How long to sleep. — Как долго спать) соответствует содержанию текста E: «On average, adults should optimally receive between seven and nine hours of sleep…»

Заголовок 4 (Sleep and obesity. — Сон и ожирение) соответствует содержанию текста F: «Obesity develops when energy intake is greater than expenditure…»

Заголовок 2 (Emotions and sleep. — Эмоции и сон) соответствует содержанию текста G: «People find it harder to fall asleep when they are anxious and sad.»

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Источник: ФИПИ. Открытый банк тестовых заданий

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Тест с похожими заданиями

Task 1 Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

Fire Crews Hunt Escaped Hamster

Eight firefighters have been called in to help find an escaped hamster. Two crews used a chocolate-covered camera and a vacuum cleaner A ____ , called Fudgie, at the home of a six-year-old girl in Dunbar, Scotland.

The girl’s mother said: ‘We came down for breakfast and discovered Fudgie had opened the top lid of her cage and had made her way into the kitchen and we think she has gone В ____ .’

The fire crews spent five hours trying to recover the pet after it ran down a hole in the kitchen floor. But, the hamster still refused С ____ .

In the search for Fudgie, the firefighters took the family cooker and gas pipes apart. They also dropped a mini-camera coated with chocolate under the floorboards. They then hoped to take out the hamster using a vacuum cleaner. Despite all their efforts, they failed to find Fudgie.

In the end, the firefighters put another camera down the hole D ____ , connected to the screen of the family home computer, to see if Fudgie appeared. Besides, the girl and her parents regularly dropped food E ____ .

At last, after eight days the hamster returned to her cage safe and sound. She crawled from the hole in the kitchen floor early in the morning. It was the girl’s father who first found Fudgie F ____ .

The girl said that day it was like Christmas morning for her. Her parents added that they too felt extremely happy when Fudgie had finally returned.

1. through a small hole in the floor

2. through the hole for the hamster

3. and locked the runaway hamster

4. to come out of the hole

5. to look after the pet

6. to try and locate the missing hamster

7. and left it under the floorboards

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	1	4	7	2	3

Task 2

Speed of eating is ‘key to obesity’

If you eat very quickly, it may be enough to increase your risk of being overweight, research suggests.

Osaka University scientists looked at the eating habits of 3,000 people. Just about half of them told researchers that they A ______ . Compared with those who did not eat quickly, fast-eating men were 84% more likely to be overweight, and women were 100% more likely to В ______ .

Japanese scientists said that there were a number of reasons why eating fast С ______ . They said it could prevent the work of a signalling system which tells your brain to stop eating because your stomach is full. They said: ‘If you eat quickly you basically fill your stomach before the system has a chance to react, so you D _____ .

The researchers also explained that a mechanism that helps make us fat today, developed with evolution and helped people get more food in the periods when they were short of it. The scientists added that the habit of eating fast could be received from one’s parents genes or E ______ .

They said that, if possible, children should be taught to F ______ , and allowed to stop when they felt full up at mealtimes. ‘The advice of our grandmothers about chewing everything 20 times might be true — if you take a bit more time eating, it could have a positive influence on your weight.

1. just overfill your stomach

2. could be bad for your weight

3. have a habit of eating quickly

4. linked to obesity

5. eat as slowly as possible

6. put on weight

7. learned at a very early age

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	6	2	1	7	5

Task 3

Hi-Tech Brings Families Together 

Technology is helping families stay in touch like never before, says a report carried out in the US.

Instead of driving people apart, mobile phones and the Internet are A ____ . The research looked at the differences in technology use between families with children and single adults. It found that traditional families have more hi-tech gadgets in their home В ____ . Several mobile phones were found in 89% of families and 66% had a high-speed Internet connection. The research also found that 58% of families have more С ____ .

Many people use their mobile phone to keep in touch and communicate with parents and children. Seventy percent of couples, D ____ , use it every day to chat or say hello. In addition, it was found that 42% of parents contact their children via their mobile every day.

The growing use of mobile phones, computers and the Internet means that families no longer gather round the TV to spend time together. 25% of those who took part in the report said they now spend less time E ____ . Only 58% of 18—29 year olds said they watched TV every day. Instead the research found that 52% of Internet users who live with their families go online F ____ several times a week and 51% of parents browse the web with their children.

Some analysts have worried that new technologies hurt families, but we see that technology allows for new kinds of connectedness built around cell phones and the Internet/ said the report.

1. than any other group

2. watching television

3. in the company of someone else

4. than two computers in the home

5. communicated with their families

6. helping them communicate

7. owning a mobile

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	1	4	7	2	3

Task 4

The Power of ‘Hello’ 

I work at a company where there are hundreds of employees. I know most of them and almost all of them know me. It is all based on one simple principle: I believe every single person deserves to be acknowledged, A ______ .

When I was about 10 years old, I was walking down the street with my mother. She stopped to speak to Mr. Lee. I knew I could see Mr. Lee any time around the neighborhood, В ______ .

After we passed Mr. Lee, my mother said something that has stuck with me from that day until now. She said, ‘You let that be the last time you ever walk by somebody and not open up your mouth to speak, because even a dog can wag its tail С______ . That phrase sounds simple, but it has been a guidepost for me and the foundation of who I am. I started to see that when I spoke to someone, they spoke back. And that felt good. It is not just something I believe in — D ______ . I believe that every person deserves to feel someone acknowledges their presence, no matter how unimportant they may be.

At work, I always used to say ‘hello’ to the founder of the company and ask him how our business was doing. But I was also speaking to the people in the cafe, and asked how their children were doing. I remembered after a few years of passing by the founder, I had the courage to ask him for a meeting. We had a great talk.

At a certain point, I asked him E ______ . He said, ‘If you want to, you can get all the way to this seat.’ I have become vice president, but that has not changed the way I approach people. I speak to everyone I see, no matter where I am. I have learned that speaking to people creates a pathway into their world, F ______ .

1. it has become a way of life.

2. when it passes you on the street.

3. when you see him and talk to him.

4. and it lets them come into mine, too.

5. so I did not pay any attention to him.

6. however small or simple the greeting is.

7. how far he thought I could go in his company.

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	5	2	1	7	4

Task 5

Friendship and Love

 A strong friendship takes a significant amount of time to develop. It will not just magically mature overnight. A friendship involves committing oneself to help another person A ______ . I believe that, nothing can replace a true friend, not material objects, or money, and definitely not a boy.

I met this guy a couple summers ago who I ended up spending almost all of my free time with. His parents did not approve of our dating because of our age difference, В ______ . He had told me the day we met that he had joined the air force and would leave for overseas that coming October. After three months had past, the time came when he had to leave. This left me feeling completely alone.

I turned to my friends for support, but to my surprise, С ______ . I had spent so much time with this guy and so little time with them, that they did not feel sorry for me when he left. For so long they had become the only constant in my life, and I had taken them for granted over something D ______ .

When my boyfriend came back, our relationship changed. I tried to fix all the aspects in my life that had gone so wrong in the previous six months.

This experience taught me that true friendships will only survive if one puts forth effort to make them last. Keeping friends close will guarantee that E ______ . When a relationship falls apart, a friend will always do everything in their power to make everything less painful. As for me, I try to keep my friends as close as I can. I know they will always support me in whatever I do, and to them, I F ______ .

1. but we did anyway.

2. whenever a need arises.

3. they did not really care.

4. whenever they need your help.

5. could not guarantee would even last.

6. am eternally grateful for a second chance.

7. someone will always have a shoulder to cry on.

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	1	3	5	7	6

Task 6

Mobile phones

 On New Year’s Day, 1985, Michael Harrison phoned his father, Sir Ernest, to wish him a happy new year. Sir Ernest was chairman of Racal Electronics, the owner of Vodafone, A ______ .

At the time, mobile phones weighed almost a kilogram, cost several thousand pounds and provided only 20 minutes talktime. The networks themselves were small; Vodafone had just a dozen masts covering London. Nobody had any idea of the huge potential of wireless communication and the dramatic impact В ______ .

Hardly anyone believed there would come a day when mobile phones were so popular С ______ .But in 1999 one mobile phone was sold in the UK every four seconds, and by 2004 there were more mobile phones in the UK than people. The boom was a result of increased competition which pushed prices lower and created innovations in the way that mobiles were sold.

When the government introduced more competition, companies started cutting prices to attract more customers. Cellnet, for example, changed its prices, D ______ . It also introduced local call tariffs.

The way that handsets themselves were marketed was also changing and it was Finland’s Nokia who made E ______ . In the late 1990s Nokia realized that the mobile phone was a fashion item: so it offered interchangeable covers which allowed you to customize and personalize your handset.

The mobile phone industry has spent the later part of the past decade reducing its monthly charge F ______ , which has culminated in the fight between the iPhone and a succession of touch screen rivals.

1. trying to persuade people to do more with their phones than just call and text

2. that there would be more phones in the UK than there are people

3. and relying instead on actual call charges

4. that mobile phones would have over the next quarter century

5. the leap from phones as technology to phones as fashion items

6. and his son was making the first-ever mobile phone call in the UK

7. the move to digital technology, connecting machines to wireless networks

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	4	2	1	5	3

Task 7

London Zoo

 London Zoo is one of the most important zoos in the world. There are over 12,000 animals at London Zoo and A ______ ! Its main concern is to breed threatened animals in captivity. This means we might be able to restock the wild, should disaster ever befall the wild population.

Partula Snail, Red Crowned Crane, Arabian Oryx, Golden Lion Tamarin, Persian Leopard, Asiatic Lion and Sumatran Tiger are just some of the species London Zoo is helping to save.

That is why it is so important that we fight to preserve the habitats that these animals live in, as well as eliminate other dangers В ______ . But we aim to make your day at London Zoo a fun and memorable time, С ______ .

In the Ambika Paul Children’s Zoo, for instance, youngsters can learn a new love and appreciation for animals D ______ . They can also learn how to care for favourite pets in the Pet Care Centre.

Then there are numerous special Highlight events E ______ unforgettable pony rides to feeding times and spectacular animal displays. You will get to meet keepers and ask them what you are interested in about the animals they care for, F ______ .

Whatever you decide, you will have a great day. We have left no stone unturned to make sure you do!

1. such as hunting exotic animals and selling furs

2. as well as the ins and outs of being a keeper at London Zoo

3. which take place every day, from

4. because they see and touch them close up 

5. despite the serious side to our work

6. which demand much time and effort

7. that is not counting every ant in the colony

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	1	5	4	3	2

Task 8

‘Second Stonehenge’ discovered near original

 Archaeologists have discovered evidence of what they believe was a second Stonehenge located a little more than a mile away from the world-famous prehistoric monument.

The new find on the west bank of the river Avon has been called «Bluestonehenge», after the colour of the 25 Welsh stones of A______.

Excavations at the site have suggested there was once a stone circle 10 metres in diameter and surrounded by a henge — a ditch with an external bank, according to the project director, Professor Mike Parker Pearson, of the University of Sheffield.

The stones at the site were removed thousands of years ago but the sizes of the holes in B ______ indicate that this was a circle of bluestones, brought from the Preseli mountains of Wales, 150 miles away.

The standing stones marked the end of the avenue C _____, a 1¾-mile long processional route constructed at the end of the Stone Age. The outer henge around the stones was built about 2400BC but arrowheads found in the stone circle indicate the stones were put up as much as 500 years earlier.

Parker Pearson said his team was waiting for results of radiocarbon dating D _____ whether stones currently in the inner circle of Stonehenge were originally located at the other riverside construction.

Pearson said: «The big, big question is when these stones were erected and when they were removed — and when we get the dating evidence we can answer both those questions.»

He added: «We speculated in the past E ______ at the end of the avenue near the river. But we were completely unprepared to discover that there was an entire stone circle. Another team member, Professor Julian Thomas, said the discovery indicated F______was central to the religious lives of the people who built Stonehenge. «Old theories about Stonehenge that do not explain the evident significance of the river will have to be rethought,» he said. Dr Josh Pollard, project co-director from the University of Bristol, described the discovery as «incredible».

1. which could reveal

2. which they stood

3. which it was once made up

4. that this stretch of the river Avon

5. that there might have been something

6. that it should be considered as integral part

7. that leads from the river Avon to Stonehenge

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	2	7	1	5	4

Task 9

Australia

 Australia was the last great landmass to be discovered by the Europeans. The continent they eventually discovered had already been inhabited for tens of thousands of years.

Australia is an island continent A _____ is the result of gradual changes wrought over millions of years.

B ____, Australia is one of the most stable land masses, and for about 100 million years has been free of the forces that have given rise to huge mountain ranges elsewhere.

From the east coast a narrow, fertile strip merges into the greatly eroded Great Dividing Range, C ____.

The mountains are merely reminders of the mighty range, D ____. Only in the section straddling the New South Wales border with Victoria and in Tasmania, are they high enough to have winter snow.

West of the range of the country becomes increasingly flat and dry. The endless flatness is broken only by salt lakes, occasional mysterious protuberances and some mountains E ____. In places the scant vegetation is sufficient to allow some grazing. However, much of the Australian outback is a barren land of harsh stone deserts and dry lakes.

The extreme north of Australia, the Top End, is a tropical area within the monsoon belt. F ____, it comes in more or less one short, sharp burst. This has prevented the Top End from becoming seriously productive area.

1. that once stood here

2. that is almost continent long

3. whose property is situated to the north of Tasmania

4. whose landscape — much of bleak and inhospitable

5. whose beauty reminds of the MacDonald Ranges

6. Although its annual rainfall looks adequate on paper

7. Although there is still seismic activity in the eastern highland area

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	7	2	1	5	6

Task 10

Scotland Yard

 Scotland Yard is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police in London. To most people, its name immediately brings to mind the picture of a detective — cool, efficient, ready to track down any criminal, or a helmeted police constable — A____ and trusty helper of every traveller from overseas.

Scotland Yard is situated on the Thames Embankment close to the Houses of Parliament and the familiar clock tower of Big Ben, and its jurisdiction extends over 740 square miles with the exception of the ancient City of London, B____.

One of the most successful developments in Scotland Yard’s crime detection and emergency service has been the “999 system”. On receipt of a call the 999 Room operator ascertains by electronic device the position of the nearest available police car, C ____. Almost instantly a message is also sent by teleprinter to the police station concerned so that within seconds of a call for assistance being received, a police car is on its way to the scene. An old-established section of the Metropolitan police is the Mounted Branch, with its strength of about 200 horses stabled at strategic points. These horses are particularly suited to ceremonial occasions, D ____.

An interesting branch of Scotland Yard is the branch of Police Dogs, first used as an experiment in 1939. Now these dogs are an important part of the Force. One dog, for example, can search a warehouse in ten minutes, E ____.

There is also the River Police, or Thames Division, which deals with all crimes occurring within its river boundaries.

There are two other departments of Scotland Yard – the Witness Room (known as the Rogues’ Gallery) where a photographic record of known and suspected criminals is kept, and the Museum, F ____.

1. which is contacted by radio

2. that familiar figure of the London scene

3. for they are accustomed to military bands

4. which possesses its own separate police force

5. which contains murder relics and forgery exhibits

6. that this policeman will bring the criminal to justice

7. whereas the same search would take six men an hour

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	4	1	3	7	5

Task 11

Harry Potter course for university students 

Students of Durham University are being given the chance to sign up to what is thought to be the UK’s first course focusing on the world of Harry Potter. Although every English-speaking person in the world knows about Harry Potter books and films, few have thought of using them as a guide to … modern life.

The Durham University module uses the works of JK Rowling A ______ modern society. “Harry Potter and the Age of Illusion” will be available for study next year. So far about 80 undergraduates have signed В ______ a BA degree in Education Studies. Future educationalists will analyse JK Rowling’s fanfiction from various points of view.

A university spokesman said: “This module places the Harry Potter novels in a wider social and cultural context.” He added that a number of themes would be explored, С ______ the classroom, bullying, friendship and solidarity and the ideals of and good citizenship.

The module was created by the head of the Department of Education at Durham University. He said the idea for the new module had appeared in response D ______ body: “It seeks to place the series in its wider social and cultural context and will explore some fundamental issues E ______ . You just need to read the academic writing which started F ______ that Harry Potter is worthy of serious study.”

1. up for the optional module, part of

2. to emerge four or five years ago to see

3. to examine prejudice, citizenship and bullying in

4. such as the response of the writer

5. including the world of rituals, prejudice and intolerance in

6. to growing demand from the student

7. such as the moral universe of the school

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	1	5	6	7	2

Task 12

Laughing and evolution

 The first hoots of laughter from an ancient ancestor of humans could be heard at least 10 million years ago, according to the results of a new study. Researchers used recordings of apes and babies being tickled A ______ to the last common ancestor that humans shared with the modern great apes, which include chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans.

The finding challenges the opinion В ______ , suggesting instead that it emerged long before humans split from the evolutionary path that led to our primate cousins, between 10m and 16m years ago.

“In humans, laughing can be the strongest way of expressing how much we are enjoying ourselves, but it can also be used in other contexts, like making fun of someone,” said Marina Davila Ross, a psychologist at Portsmouth University. “I was interested in С ______ .”

Davila Ross travelled to seven zoos around Europe and visited a wildlife reserve in Sabah, Borneo, to record baby and juvenile apes D ______ . Great apes are known to make noises that are similar to laughter when they are excited and while they are playing with each other.

Davila Ross collected recordings of laughter from 21 chimps, gorillas, orangutans and bonobos and added recordings of three babies that were tickled to make them laugh.

To analyze the recordings, the team put them into a computer program. “Our evolutionary tree based on these acoustic recordings alone showed E ______ , but furthest from orangutans, with gorillas somewhere in the middle.” said Davila Ross. “What this shows is strong evidence to suggest F ______ .”

1. whether laughing emerged earlier on than humans did

2. to create the evolutionary tree linking humans and apes

3. that laughter is a uniquely human trait

4. that humans were closest to chimps and bonobos

5. that laughing comes from a common primate ancestor

6. while their caretakers tickled them

7. to trace the origin of laughter back

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	3	1	6	4	5

Task 13

Nenets culture affected by global warming

 For 1,000 years the indigenous Nenets people have migrated along the 450-mile- long Yamal peninsula in northern Russia. In summer they wander northwards, taking their reindeer with them. In winter they return southwards.

But this remote region of north-west Siberia is now being affected by global warming. Traditionally the Nenets travel across the frozen River Ob in November A ___ around Nadym. These days, though, this annual winter migration is delayed. Last year the Nenets, together with many thousands of reindeer, had to wait until late December В ____ .

“Our reindeer were hungry. There wasn’t enough food,” Jakov Japtik, a Nenets reindeer herder, said. “The snow is melting sooner, quicker and faster than before. In spring it’s difficult for the reindeer to pull the sledges. They get tired,” Japtik said.

Herders say that the peninsula’s weather is increasingly unpredictable — with unseasonal snowstorms  С ___, and milder longer autumns. In winter, temperatures used to go down to -50°C. Now they are normally around -30°C, according to Japtik. “Obviously we prefer -30°C. But the changes aren’t good for the reindeer D ___,” he said, setting off on his sledge to round up his reindeer herd.

Even here, in one of the most remote parts of the planet, E __ . Last year the Nenets arrived at a regular summer camping spot and discovered that half of their lake had disappeared. The water had drained away after a landslide. The Nenets report other curious changes — there are fewer mosquitoes and a strange increase in flies. Scientists say there is unmistakable evidence F ___ .

1. when the ice was finally thick enough to cross

2. that the impact on Russia would be disastrous

3. the environment is under pressure

4. and in the end what is good for the reindeer is good for us

5. and set up their camps in the southern forests

6. that Yamal’s ancient permafrost is melting

7. when the reindeer give birth in May

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	1	7	4	3	6

Task 14

Duration of life and its social implications

The world’s population is about to reach a landmark of huge social and economic importance, when the proportion of the global population over 65 outnumbers children under 5 for the first time. A new report by the US census bureau shows A____ , with enormous consequences for both rich and poor nations.

The rate of growth will shoot up in the next couple of years. The В ___ a combination of the high birth rates after the Second World War and more recent improvements in health that are bringing down death rates at older ages. Separate UN forecasts predict that the global population will be more than nine billion by 2050.

The US census bureau was the first to sound the С ___ . Its latest forecasts warn governments and international bodies that this change in population structure will bring widespread challenges at every level of human organization, starting with the structure of the family, which will be transformed as people live longer. This will in turn place new burdens on careers and social services providers, D ___ for health services and pensions systems.

“People are living longer and, in some parts of the world, healthier lives,” the authors conclude. “This represents one of the greatest achievements of the last century but also a significant challenge E ___ population.”

Ageing will put pressure on societies at all levels. One way of measuring that is to look at the older dependency ratio, F ___ that must be supported by them. The ODR is the number of people aged 65 and over for every 100 people aged 20 to 64. It varies widely, from just six in Kenya to 33 in Italy and Japan. The UK has an ODR of 26, and the US has 21.

1. which recently replaced Italy as the world’s oldest major country

2. alarm about these changes

3. a huge shift towards an ageing population

4. change is due to

5. while patterns of work and retirement will have huge implications

6. which shows the balance between working-age people and the older

7. as proportions of older people increase in most countries

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	4	2	5	7	6

Task 15

Elephants sense ‘danger’ clothes

 St Andrews University researchers discovered that elephants could recognise the degree of danger posed by various groups of individuals. The study found that African elephants always reacted with fear A ______ previously worn by men of the Maasai tribe. They are known to demonstrate their courage by В ______ .

The elephants also responded aggressively to red clothing, which defines traditional Maasai dress.

However, the elephants showed a much milder reaction to clothing previously worn by the Kamba people, С ______ and pose little threat.

The researchers first presented elephants with clean, red clothing and with red clothing that had been worn for five days by D ______ .

They revealed that Maasai-smelt clothing motivated elephants to travel significantly faster in the first minute after they moved away.

They then investigated whether elephants could also use the colour of clothing as a cue to classify a potential threat and found the elephants reacted with aggression E ______ . This suggested that they associated the colour red with the Maasai.

The researchers believe the distinction in the elephants’ emotional reaction to smell and colour might be explained by F ______ . They might be able to distinguish among different human groups according to the level of risk they posed.

«We regard this experiment as just a start to investigating precisely how elephants ‘see the world’, and it may be that their abilities will turn out to equal or exceed those of our closer relatives, the monkeys and apes,» researchers added.

1. either a Maasai or a Kamba man

2. who do not hunt elephants

3. when they detected the smell of clothes

4. who carried out the research

5. the amount of risk they sense

6. spearing elephants

7. when they spotted red but not white cloth

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	6	2	1	7	5

Task 16

Culture and customs

 In less than twenty years, the mobile telephone has gone from being rare, expensive equipment of the business elite to a pervasive, low-cost personal item. In many countries, mobile telephones A ___ ; in the U.S., 50 per cent of children have mobile telephones. In many young adults’ households it has supplanted the land-line telephone. The mobile phone is В ___ , such as North Korea.

Paul Levinson in his 2004 book Cellphone argues that by looking back through history we can find many precursors to the idea of people simultaneously walking and talking on a mobile phone. Mobile phones are the next extension in portable media, that now can be С ___ into one device. Levinson highlights that as the only mammal to use only two out of our four limbs to walk, we are left two hands free D ___ — like talking on a mobile phone.

Levinson writes that “Intelligence and inventiveness, applied to our need to communicate regardless of where we may be, led logically and eventually to telephones that we E ___ .”

Given the high levels of societal mobile telephone service penetration, it is a key means for people F ___ . The SMS feature spawned the «texting» sub-culture. In December 1993, the first person-to-person SMS text message was transmitted in Finland. Currently, texting is the most widely-used data service; 1.8 billion users generated $80 billion of revenue in 2006.

1. to perform other actions

2. outnumber traditional telephones

3. to communicate with each other 

4. combined with the Internet

5. to serve basic needs

6. banned in some countries

7. carry in our pockets

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	6	4	1	7	5

Task 17

My Stage

 My family moved to Rockaway, New Jersey in the summer of 1978. It was there that my dreams of stardom began.

I was nine years old. Heather Lambrix lived next door, and she and I became best friends. I thought she was so lucky A ___ . She took tap and jazz and got to wear cool costumes with bright sequences and makeup and perform on stage. I went to all of her recitals and В ___ .

My living room and sometimes the garage were my stage. I belonged to a cast of four, which consisted of Heather, my two younger sisters, Lisa and Faith, and I. Since I was the oldest and the bossiest, I was the director. Heather came with her own costumes С ___ . We choreographed most of our dance numbers as we went along. Poor Faith … we would throw her around D ___ . She was only about four or five … and so agile. We danced around in our bathing suits to audiocassettes and records from all the Broadway musicals. We’d put a small piece of plywood on the living room carpet, E ___ . And I would imitate her in my sneakers on the linoleum in the hall. I was a dancer in the making.

My dad eventually converted a part of our basement into a small theater. He hung two “spotlights” and a sheet for a curtain. We performed dance numbers to tunes like “One” and “The Music and the Mirror” from A Chorus Line. I sang all the songs from Annie. I loved to sing, F ___. I just loved to sing. So I belted out songs like “Tomorrow”, “Maybe” and “What I Did For Love.” I knew then, this is what I wanted to do with my life.

1. like she was a rag doll

2. whether I was good at it or not

3. wished I, too, could be on stage

4. and I designed the rest

5. and I was star struck

6. so Heather could do her tap routine

7. because she got to go to dance lessons

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	3	4	1	6	2

Task 18

Cat’s punctuality

 Sergeant Podge, a Norwegian Forest Cat, disappears from his owner’s home in a small town in Kent, every night. But what baffles his owner, Liz Bullard, mostly is the fact that the next morning, the 12-year-old cat always pops up in exactly the same place, A ___ . And every morning Ms. Bullard takes her son to school before collecting Sergeant Podge.

She said that the routine had set in earlier this year, when Sergeant Podge disappeared one day. Ms. Bullard spent hours telephoning her neighbours В ___ .

An elderly woman living about one and a half miles away called back to inform Ms. Bullard that she had found a cat matching Sergeant Podge’s description. Ms. Bullard picked him up but within days he vanished from sight again. She rang the elderly woman С ___ .

She said a routine has now become established, where each morning she takes her son to school before driving to collect Sergeant Podge D ___ .

It is thought Sergeant Podge walks across a golf course every night to reach his destination.

Ms. Bullard said: “If it’s raining he may be in the bush but he comes running if I clap my hands.” All she has to do is open the car passenger door from the inside for Sergeant Podge to jump in.

Ms. Bullard also makes the trip at weekends and during school holidays — E ___ .

She does not know why, after 12 years, Sergeant Podge has begun the routine but explained that another woman who lived nearby used to feed him sardines, and that he may be F ___ .

His owner doesn’t mind his wandering off at night as long as she knows where to collect him.

1. on the look-out for more treats

2. from the pavement between 0800 and 0815 GMT

3. to discover Sergeant Podge was back outside her home

4. on a pavement about one and a half miles (2.4km) away

5. to identify if anyone had bumped into him

6. when her son is having a lie-in

7. collected by car every morning

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	5	3	2	6	1

Task 19

Do you speak English?

When I arrived in England I thought I knew English. After I’d been here an hour I realized that I did not understand one word. In the first week I picked up a tolerable working knowledge of the language and the next seven years convinced me gradually but thoroughly that I A ______ , let alone perfectly. This is sad. My only consolation being that nobody speaks English perfectly.

Remember that those five hundred words an average Englishman uses are B ______ . You may learn another five hundred and another five thousand and yet another fifty thousand and still you may come across a further fifty thousand C ______ .

If you live here long enough you will find out to your greatest amazement that the adjective nice is not the only adjective the language possesses, in spite of the fact that D ______ . You can say that the weather is nice, a restaurant is nice, Mr. Soandso is nice, Mrs. Soandso’s clothes are nice, you had a nice time, E ______ .

Then you have to decide on your accent. The easiest way to give the impression of having a good accent or no foreign accent at all is to hold an unlit pipe in your mouth, to mutter between your teeth and finish all your sentences with the question: “isn’t it?” People will not understand much, but they are accustomed to that and they will get a F ______ .

1. whatever it costs

2. most excellent impression

3. you have never heard of before, and nobody else either

4. in the first three years you do not need to learn or use any other adjectives

5. would never know it really well

6. far from being the whole vocabulary of the language

7. and all this

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	6	3	4	7	2

Task 20

Before the Hubble Space Telescope was launched, scientists thought they knew the universe. They were wrong.

The Hubble Space Telescope has changed many scientists’ view of the universe. The telescope is named after American astronomer Edwin Hubble, A ______ .

He established that many galaxies exist and developed the first system for their classifications.

In many ways, Hubble is like any other telescope. It simply gathers light. It is roughly the size of a large school bus. What makes Hubble special is not what it is, B ______ .

Hubble was launched in 1990 from the “Discovery” space shuttle and it is about 350 miles above our planet, C ______ .

It is far from the glare of city lights, it doesn’t have to look through the air, D ______ .

And what a view it is! Hubble is so powerful it could spot a fly on the moon. Yet in an average orbit, it uses the same amount of energy as 28100-watt light bulbs. Hubble pictures require no film. The telescope takes digital images E ______ .

Hubble has snapped photos of storms on Saturn and exploding stars. Hubble doesn’t just focus on our solar system. It also peers into our galaxy and beyond. Many Hubble photos show the stars that make up the Milky Way galaxy. A galaxy is a city of stars.

Hubble cannot take pictures of the sun or other very bright objects, because doing so could “fry” the telescope’s instruments, but it can detect infrared and ultra violet light F ______ .

Some of the sights of our solar system that Hubble has glimpsed may even change the number of planets in it.

1. which is above Earth’s atmosphere.

2. which are transmitted to scientists on Earth.

3. which is invisible to the human eye.

4. who calculated the speed at which galaxies move.

5. so it has a clear view of space.

6. because many stars are in clouds of gas.

7. but where it is.

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	7	1	5	2	3

Task 21

The science of sound, or acoustics, as it is often called, has been made over radically within a comparatively short space of time. Not so long ago the lectures on sound in colleges and high schools dealt chiefly with the vibrations of such things as the air columns in organ pipes. Nowadays, however, thanks chiefly to a number of electronic instruments engineers can study sounds as effectively A ____ . The result has been a new approach to research in sound. Scientists have been able to make far-reaching discoveries in many fields of acoustics B _____ .

Foremost among the instruments that have revolutionized the study of acoustics are electronic sound-level meters also known as sound meters and sound-intensity meters. These are effective devices that first convert sound waves into weak electric signals, then amplify the signals through electronic means C ______ . The intensity of a sound is measured in units called decibels. “Zero” sound is the faintest sound D ______ . The decibel measures the ratio of the intensity of a given sound to the standard “zero” sound. The decibel scale ranges from 0 to 130. An intensity of 130 decibels is perceived not only as a sound, but also E ______ . The normal range of painlessly audible sounds for the average human ear is about 120 decibels. For forms of life other than ourselves, the range can be quite different.

The ordinary sound meter measures the intensity of a given sound, rather than its actual loudness. Under most conditions, however, it is a quite good indicator of loudness. Probably the loudest known noise ever heard by human ears was that of the explosive eruption in August, 1883, of the volcano of Krakatoa in the East Indies. No electronic sound meters, of course, were in existence then, but physicists estimate that the sound at its source must have had an intensity of 190 decibels, F ______ .

1. and finally measure them.

2. since it was heard 3,000 miles away.

3. and they have been able to put many of these discoveries to practical use.

4. that loud sound is of high intensity.

5. as they study mechanical forces.

6. as a painful sensation in the ear.

7. that the unaided human ear can detect.

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	3	1	7	6	2

Task 22

Chocolate 

Chocolate is made from a number of raw and processed foods produced from the seeds of tropical cacao trees. Cacao has been cultivated in A ______ at least 3000 years. For most of this time it was made into a drink called, in translation — “bitter water”. This is because В ______ to be fermented to develop a palatable flavour. After fermentation the beans are dried and roasted and the shell is removed to produce cacao nibs. These are then ground and liquefied into chocolate liquor. The liquor is then processed into cocoa solids or cocoa butter. Pure chocolate contains primarily cocoa solids and butter in different proportions. Much of С ______ with added sugar. Milk chocolate is sweetened chocolate that additionally contains either milk powder or condensed milk. White chocolate on the other D ______ is therefore not a true chocolate. Chocolate contains theobromine and phenethylamine which have physiological effects on the body. It is similar to serotonin levels in the brain. Scientists claim E ______ , can lower blood pressure. Recently, dark chocolate has also been promoted for its health benefits. But pet owners should remember that the presence of theobromine makes it toxic to cats and dogs. Chocolate is now one F______ , although 16 of the top 20 chocolate consuming countries are in Europe. Also interesting is that 66% of world chocolate is consumed between meals.

1. the chocolate consumed today is made

2. that chocolate, eaten in moderation

3. central and southern America for

4. of the world’s most popular flavours

5. hand contains no cocoa solids and

6. cacao seeds are intensely bitter and have

7. many countries worldwide at

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	6	1	5	2	4

Task 23

Reality TV

 Reality TV seems to dominate broadcasting these days. But what is it, how did it emerge and why on earth is it so popular? The first question is easily answered. Reality TV A ______ presents unscripted, dramatic or humorous situations or events. It can involve celebrities В ______ of the public. Reality TV has been gradually growing in importance for over 60 years. “Candid Camera” — the show that filmed ordinary people reacting to set ups and pranks — started in 1948. Some people, however, believe it was the Japanese with their awful shows in the 1980s and 90s that brought reality TV to centre stage. Others believe С ______ that is called “Big Brother” was the show that spawned the reality TV age. But why are the shows so popular? Different theories come to life. Some believe that it is D ______ we like to watch horrible behaviour: the same instinct that once inspired the ancient Romans to go and watch gladiators destroy each other at the Coliseum. Others suggest a kind of voyeurism is involved there — an unhealthy curiosity to spy on other people’s lives.

Whatever the real reason — the trend seems to have already peaked. A lot of such shows E ______ or are expected to go in the near future. And the replacement seems to be talents shows — watching competitions in dance, singing and general entertainment. Does it mean that people are changing? It is too early to say. Most agree that these F ______ .

1. due to basic human instinct that

2. is still early to judge

3. are simply the cycles of fashion

4. but more usually the stars are members

5. that the television phenomenon

6. is a type of programme that

7. seem to have disappeared

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	4	5	1	7	3

Task 24

Mikhail Lomonosov and Moscow State University

 Mikhail Lomonosov was one of the intellectual titans of XVIII century. His interests ranged from history, rhetoric, art and poetry A ______ . Alexander Pushkin described him as В ______ , whose lifelong passion was learning.

Lomonosov’s activity is a manifestation of the enormous potential of the Russian scientific community. Peter I reformed Russia, which allowed the country to reach the standard of С ______ many spheres. Great importance was placed on education. St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, founded by Peter I, established a university and a grammar school to educate intellectuals and researchers the country needed; however, these educational establishments could not fulfill the task they took on. It was Michail Lomonosov D ______ of establishing a university in Moscow. An influential courtier and the E ______ Count Shuvalov supported Lomonosov’s plans for a new university and presented them to the Empress.

In 1755, on 25 January-St. Tatiana’s Day according to the Russian Orthodox Church calendar — Elizaveta signed the decree that a university should be founded in Moscow. The opening ceremony took place on 26 April, when Elizaveta’s coronation day was celebrated. Since 1755 25 January and 26 April F ______ Moscow University; the annual conference where students present the results of their research work is traditionally held in April.

1. who suggested in his letter to Count Shuvalov the idea

2. to mechanics, chemistry and mineralogy

3. a person of formidable willpower and keen scientific mind

4. favourite of Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, the patron of arts and science

5. the contemporary European powers in

6. are marked by special events and festivities at

7. famous among all educated people

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	3	5	1	4	6

Task 25

Window Shopping

 The day would be spent with my best friends Kath and Kate. We are actually three Catherines (by birth spelt with a C), A______ we are all K’s: Kat (that’s me), Kath and Kate — the 3K Window Shopping gang!

Window shopping is simply wonderful. You can look at any outfit. You can try on В ______ not a single item on sale for which the price is a problem. You will try something on, ponder, pout, twirl, think hard, check yourself in the mirror one last time and finally reflect С ______ right for you! The highlight of this regular adventure however, is generally the 3K chocolate and ice cream break in the Shopping Centre’s top floor cafii Of course we do not believe that we are wasting anyone’s time. We do D ______ as well, but a reliable equation for us is — 3Ks + shopping mall = a good time.

But E ______ out to be especially memorable. One of the stores had a questionnaire lottery with the first prize being a voucher worth £200. We filled in the question forms while in the cafiiand returned to the store by their 2.00pm deadline. Kate won the first prize but we had decided in advance that if any of us won something, we would share equally: All for one К and one for all! At this point our morning of window shopping paid off. We completed F ______ slightly less than 10 minutes: three skirts, three hats and three belts and three very OK, K’s.

1. not like to spend our time

2. that it’s probably not quite

3. that particular day turned

4. our real shopping in

5. sometimes go shopping for real

6. anything you want and there is

7. but when we are together

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	6	2	5	3	4

Task 26

The Hotel

 “Have you stayed with us before sir?” asked the receptionist. His accent sounded middle-European; Czech possibly or Polish. Actually I hadn’t stayed at this particular hotel before A ______ to many others from the same chain that I had stayed at. “No — first time” I replied with unnecessary brevity. The thing is I always feel В ______ rather than treated as an individual. Every word that I was about to hear, I had heard before — delivered no doubt from the depths of a tourism and hospitality course. “Welcome to Newcastle sir. Is this your first visit to our city? Can I trouble you to complete this form? Actually the first two lines and the signature at the bottom will do. Would you like С ______ , Sir? This will automatically unlock room facilities like mini-bar and telephone and any other extras you may require. Can I see your passport sir?” The questions and information D ______ responses were actually required and I handed over my passport, credit card and partly filled out form. I was tempted to write under name and address “Donald Duck, Duck Towers, Disney Street” — E ______ ever read the form again. But being a creature of habit I wrote my real name and address. While my card was being processed I looked across the reception area through the wall height windows to the beautiful River Tyne. A wave of nostalgia came over me. It was good to be back. I found myself thinking about her again and wondering F ______ a voice broke in: “It’s a plastic key card sir. You also need it to activate the lift and when you get to your room, plug it into the switch on the left as you open the door. It will automatically supply electricity to the room. Any help with your baggage? No? Then enjoy your stay”. The accomplished young Pole smiled as he delivered the final command and duly processed, I proceeded to the card activated lift.

1. me to take a print of your credit card

2. points poured out smoothly, no verbal

3. if I would even see her when

4. although it seemed virtually identical

5. so sure was I that nobody would

6. me to help you with your luggage

7. as if I am being processed like a product

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	7	1	2	5	3

5

Task 27

Lindsay Wildlife Museum

 Lindsay Wildlife Museum is a unique natural history and environmental education centre where visitors can listen to the cry of a red-tailed hawk, go eye-to-eye with a grey fox and watch a bald eagle eat lunch. More than fifty species of native California animals are on exhibit here.

 Thousands of school children learn about the natural environment in their classrooms A ____ of the museum. Nature- and science- oriented classes and trips are offered for adults and children. More than 600 volunteers help to feed and care for wild animals, В _____. Volunteers are active in the museum’s work, contributing С ____.

 The museum was founded by a local businessman, Alexander Lindsay. Sandy, as friends knew him, started teaching neighborhood children about nature in the early 1950s. Initially housed in an elementary school, the museum began offering school-aged children summer classes, D ____.

 After nearly a decade of the museum operation, it became apparent E ____. With a new 5,000 square-foot home, the museum could now develop and display a permanent collection of live, native wildlife and natural history objects. People came to the museum for help with wild animals F ___ urban growth. In response, a formal wildlife rehabilitation programme — the first of its kind in the United States of America — began in 1970.

1. that a permanent, year-round site was necessary

2. as well as field trips focused on the natural world

3. many hours of service to wildlife care and fundraising

4. that had been injured or orphaned because of intense

5. that needed public attention and a new building

6. as well as teach children and adults about nature

7. through education programmes and on-site tours

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	6	3	2	1	4

Task 28

America’s fun place on America’s main street

 If any city were considered a part of every citizen in the United States, it would be Washington, DC. To many, the Old Post Office Pavilion serves A ____. If you are in the area, be a part of it all by visiting us — or В ____. Doing so will keep you aware of the latest musical events, great happenings and international dining, to say the least.

Originally built in 1899, the Old Post Office Pavilion embodied the modern spirit С ____. Today, our architecture and spirit of innovation continues to evolve and thrive. And, thanks to forward-thinking people, you can now stroll through the Old Post Office Pavilion and experience both D ____ with international food, eclectic shopping and musical events. All designed to entertain lunch, mid-day and after work audiences all week long.

A highlight of the Old Post Office Pavilion is its 315-foot Clock Tower. Offering a breath-taking view of the city, National Park Service Rangers give free Clock Tower tours every day! Individuals and large tour groups are all welcome. The Old Post Office Clock Tower also proudly houses the official United States Bells of Congress, a gift from England E ____. The Washington Ringing Society sounds the Bells of Congress every Thursday evening and on special occasions.

Visit the Old Post Office Pavilion, right on Pennsylvania Avenue between the White House and the Capitol. It is a great opportunity F ____, this is a landmark not to be missed no matter your age.

1. that are offered to the visitors

2. its glamorous past and fun-filled present

3. as a landmark reminder of wonderful experiences

4. by joining our e-community

5. that was sweeping the country

6. celebrating the end of the Revolutionary War

7. to learn more about American history

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	4	5	2	6	7

Task 29

Number of teenagers with Saturday job drops

 The number of teenagers with Saturday jobs has dropped. Young people do not acquire any experience for their CVs — a crucial step towards getting full-time work. The proportion of teenagers combining part-time jobs with school or college has slumped from 40% in the 1990s to around 20% now, according to the UK Commission for Employment and Skills (UKCES), a government agency. Latest figures show that only A ____ in 1997.

The trend is not just recession-related, but the result of an increasing expectation В ____ well as a falling number of Saturday jobs, according to the report. Many of the jobs that young people do, such as bar work, are in long-term decline, and are forecast to decline further over the next decade.

«Recruiters place significant emphasis on experience С ____,» the report says. Word of mouth is the most common way to get a job, D _____ young people are unable to build up informal contacts, it adds.

Ms. Todd, a commissioner at the UKCES, said: «There’s more emphasis on doing well at school, young people are finding less time to do what they would have done a few years ago.» «I think it’s also the changing structure of the labour market. Retail is still a big employer, E ____. As a consequence, we need to think about how we get young people the work experience they need.»

A new initiative to send employees into state schools to talk about their careers was also launched recently. The scheme, Inspiring the Future, is meant to give state schoolchildren access to the kind of careers advice that private schools offer. The deputy prime minister said: «The power of making connections F ____ and can be life-changing.»

1. that it was researching the system of funding education after 16

2. 260,000 teenagers have a Saturday job compared with 435,000

3. but young people are leaving education increasingly less experienced

4. that inspire young people is immeasurable

5. but an increasing shortage of work experience means

6. that young people should stay on at school, as

7. but a lot more of it is being done online

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	6	3	5	7	4

Task 30

Lots of fun in Cardiff

 As you would expect of a capital city, Cardiff offers a huge choice of exciting sport and entertainment throughout the year.

Every March the city celebrates St. David, Wales’ patron saint, with parades and music. August sees the International Festival of Street Entertainment, with the heart of the city A ____. Family fun days in the parks and at the waterfront are part of this sensational summer scene. Brass and military bands are often to be seen on Cardiff s streets. Between May and October the world’s only seagoing paddle steamer cruises from Cardiff’s seaside resort.

In autumn the fun continues with Cardiff s Festival of the Arts В _____. Music is at the centre of the festival, with international stars С ____. Christmas in Cardiff is full of colour and festivities. The truly spectacular Christmas illuminations have earned Cardiff the title of «Christmas City». And there is entertainment for all the family, D ____.

There is always something happening in Cardiff. The BBC National Orchestra of Wales and Welsh National Opera can both be heard here. Cardiff previews many London «West End» shows E _____.

The city’s range of accommodation facilities is truly impressive, F ____. And with a city as compact as Cardiff there are places to stay in all price brackets.

1. from international names to family-run guest houses

2. joining some of Wales’ most talented musicians

3. having their summer holidays in Cardiff

4. that usually attract hundreds of theatre lovers

5. which features music, film, literature and graphics

6. from pantomimes to Christmas tree celebrations

7. beating with dance and theatrical performances

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	5	2	6	4	1

Task 31

Changing image

 For more than 200 years Madame Tussaud’s has been attracting tourists from all over the world and it remains just as popular as it ever was. There are many reasons for this enduring success, but at the heart of it all is good, old-fashioned curiosity.

Madame Tussaud’s original concept has entered a brand new era of interactive entertainment A _____. Today’s visitors are sent on a breathtaking journey in black cabs through hundreds of years of the past. They have a unique chance to see the great legends of history, В _____ of politics.

Much of the figure construction technique follows the traditional pattern, beginning whenever possible with the subject С _____ and personal characteristics. The surprising likeliness of the wax portraits also owes much to many stars D _____, either by providing their stage clothes, or simply giving useful advice.

The museum continues constantly to add figures E ____ popularity. The attraction also continues to expand globally with established international branches in New York, Hong Kong, Amsterdam and many other cities. And they all have the same rich mix of interaction, authenticity and local appeal.

The museum provides a stimulating and educational environment for schoolchildren. Its specialists are working together with practicing teachers and educational advisors to create different programmes of activities, F ____.

1. as well as resources on art, technology and drama

2. as well as the idols of popular music and the icons

3. who is sitting to determine exact measurements

4. ranging from special effects to fully animated figures

5. ranging from all kinds of souvenirs to sports equipment

6. that reflect contemporary public opinion and celebrity

7. who are eager to help in any possible way they can

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	2	3	7	6	1

Task 32

Saturday jobs: memories of weekend working

 Research has shown a sharp fall in the number of teenagers who do Saturday jobs. It seems such a shame — my Saturday job as a kitchen porter was something of a rite of passage. I’ll never forget long hours A _____, scouring grease off huge saucepans and griddles. Working atmosphere there helped me grow a thicker skin, develop quicker banter and, most importantly, taught me the value of hard work. It also resulted in a steady supply of cash, В ____. I’m not the only one who has strong memories of weekend work. DJ Trevor Nelson said everyone should be able to have a Saturday job: «It taught me a lot, С ____.»

The link between the type of Saturday job a celebrity performed and their later career is sometimes obvious. Dragon’s Den star and businessman Peter Jones, for example, showed early promise by starting his own business. «I passed my Lawn Tennis Association coaching exam, D ____,» he explains. «At the start I was coaching other kids, E ____, for which I could charge £25-30 an hour. While my friends on milk rounds were getting £35 a week, I was doing five hours on a Saturday and earning four times as much.»

Skier Chemmy Alcott got a job working for the Good Ski Guide, on the advertising side. «It became clear to me what my personal value to companies could be. It led directly to me finding my head sponsor … and it offered me an eight-year contract. That gave me the financial backing F ____.»

As part of its response to the Saturday job statistics, the UK Commission for Employment and Skills said a lack of early work opportunities makes it harder for young people to acquire experience for their СVs.

1. and things would be different if everyone was given the chance

2. which let me know he approved of me

3. and I persuaded my local club to let me use a court on Saturdays

4. which I needed to become a professional skier

5. which I would happily spend as I liked

6. that I spent in the kitchen of a busy country pub in East Sussex

7. but soon I got adults wanting to book lessons

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	5	1	3	7	4

Task 33

Orient Express

 In the early 1860s, trains were the preferred way to travel. They weren’t particularly comfortable, however, until American engineer George Mortimer Pullman decided to make trains more luxurious.

By the late 1860s, trains furnished not only sleeping cars, but kitchen and dining facilities, where A _____. This was innovative for the time, and was aimed to encourage people В _____. The first of these Pullman trains in England ran from London to Brighton and used electricity for illumination.

In 1881, another railway entrepreneur, George Nagelmacker, introduced the use of a restaurant car onboard, and the first Orient Express train service was begun. Running from Paris to Romania the route included Strasbourg, Vienna, Budapest and Bucharest.

Thanks to the 12 mile Simplon Tunnel, С _____, the Orient Express expanded, including a route to Istanbul, and the legendary romance of the Orient Express was in full swing.

Everyone in the social register, including royalty, chose to travel on the wheels of that luxury hotel D _____ in wealthy surroundings. Legends, stories, and intrigue surrounded those trips to exotic places, and those famous people E _____.

Unfortunately, during World War II this luxury travel was closed for the most part, and later, after the war, F ____ to start it again. Within the next few years airplane travel became popular, and train passenger service declined.

1. elegant meals were served to passengers

2. to use trains for long distance travel and vacations

3. who rode the train

4. who wrote about it

5. which connected Switzerland and Italy

6. that served dishes and wines

7. there was no money

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
1	2	5	6	3	7

Task 34

Arizona’s world class cruise

 Spectacular Canyon Lake is situated in the heart of the Superstition Mountains in Arizona, giving home to the Dolly Steamboat. The Dolly Steamboat, A ____, now cruises the secluded inner waterways of this beautiful lake. It is worth exploring this favourite destination of President Theodore Roosevelt who declared, «The Apache Trail and surrounding area combines the grandeur of the Alps, the glory of the Rockies, the magnificence of the Grand Canyon and then adds something В ____.» You will marvel as you travel up to the national forest, which provides the most inspiring and beautiful panorama С ____. Every trip brings new discoveries of rock formations, geological history, and the flora and fauna distinct to the deserts of Arizona.

Once aboard the Dolly Steamboat, you may view the majestic desert big horn sheep, bald eagles and a host bird of other wildlife, water fowl, D ____. Experience the unique sound harmony that is created by the waters of Canyon Lake. Stretch out and relax at one of the tables or stand next to the railings on the deck. There is plenty of leg room on the Dolly. You will get a unique chance to listen to the captain E ____.

All the passengers are treated with outstanding service and personal attention to every need. Feel free to ask questions, move about and mingle with the crew. So enjoy an unforgettable vacation cruise and see F ____ ,like a ride on Arizona’s Dolly Steamboat.

1. that nature has ever created in the wild

2. that none of the others have

3. hovering over the magnificent lake

4. who retells the legends of the mysterious past

5. for yourself why there is nothing quite

6. who pays much attention to children’s safety

7. continuing a tradition of cruising since 1925

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	2	1	3	4	5

Task 35

US Congress

 The Congress of the United States of America is an important part of the US federal government.

It is an assembly of elected representatives A ____ but not to select the chief executive of the nation; that individual is elected by the people.

Congress is not a single organization; it is a vast and complex collection of organizations B ____ and through which members of Congress form alliances.

C ____, in which political parties are the only important kind of organization, parties are only one of many important units in Congress.

In fact other organizations have grown in number D ____.

The Democrats and Republicans in the House and the Senate are organized by party leaders, E ____ within the House and Senate. The party structure is essentially the same in the House as in the Senate, though the titles of various posts are different.

But leadership carries more power in the House than in the Senate because of the House rules. F _____, the House must restrict debate and schedule its business with great care; thus leaders who do the scheduling and who determine how the rules shall be applied usually have substantial influence.

1. as party influence has declined

2. against the spirit of the Constitution

3. being so large (435 members)

4. empowered to make laws

5. unlike the British Parliament

6. by which the business of Congress is carried on

7. who in turn are elected by the full party membership

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	6	5	1	7	3

Task 36

The Trailblazers

 In the early 1800s, the area that would become the western United States was completely undeveloped.

Explorers, hunters, traders, and settlers had to blaze their own trails. A____ to move possessions and supplies became common place.

Manifest Destiny was the belief that Americans had a God-given right to take over the continent. As they moved west, settlers used this policy B_____ to new people and territories.

Trails increased trade opportunities between western and eastern regions, and the U.S. economy prospered C_____ on each other for goods.

To achieve Manifest Destiny, the United States purchased land from other countries or conquered territory D_____ until its borders stretched from coast to coast.

More than one-half million people chose to travel West on trails between 1800 and 1870, E_____.

As new technology spread across the West, however, the use of trails came to an end. The railroads built thousands of miles of tracks, and, F ____, a cheap, relatively safe, and quick way to transport people and supplies to western areas existed.

1. to spread U.S. ideas and government

2. for the first time in history

3. thus replacing them forever

4. as territories became interdependent

5. the use of covered wagons

6. by taking land from Native peoples

7. forming the largest mass migration in history

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	1	4	6	7	2

Task 37

A Young Mayor

 This is a very unusual case, but as you will see, unusual doesn’t mean impossible.

An 18-year-old school girl has become the youngest mayor of a British town in history. Amanda Bracebridge, A_____, won leadership of Clun village council in a dramatic election last night. The tiny village only has 122 voters and Amanda won the election by just two votes from the only other candidate, 69-year-old Fred Gardner of the Conservative party. Amanda, B _____, was an independent candidate. She was surprised by her success, C _____. “My election promise was to make sure D _____,” she told us. She was referring to the plans from a large company to buy up farmland and build flats there. “We live in one of the most beautiful villages in Shropshire and I want to make sure it stays that way.”

Amanda, who is in her last year at nearby Bishop’s Castle High School, E _____ and her exams which she takes in two months. “It’s going to be a pretty busy few months,” she said. “But when the exams are over I will be able to concentrate completely on helping my village”.

Amanda had plans to go to university but is now going to start a year later F _____. “I’ve talked to Leeds University and they say my place will wait for me”. And what is she going to study? Politics? “No, actually, I am going to do sociology and economics”.

1. who is not a member of any political party

2. that our village would be protected from outside interests

3. but it was not a total shock to her

4. being a politics student at the university

5. so she can do her job as mayor properly

6. who is only just old enough to vote herself

7. will have to find time for her work as mayor

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	1	3	2	7	5

Task 38

Is there enough to say?

 They only appeared about ten years ago but already they are everywhere, everyone’s got one. They are the wonder of the modern age — mobile phones, or cell phones, A ____. Apparently, mobile phones are now used by about 2.5 billion people worldwide, and about one billion new mobile phones are sold every year worldwide. Go back to 1997, and only 100 million were sold. As we can see, the mobile phone business B_____.

And the developments keep on coming. Once we could only make phone calls; now mobile phones C_____ and do many other useful things. Once we had to hold our mobile phones in our hand; now we can use throat microphones. What next? We are told that soon, tiny microphones will be implanted into our lips. We’ll be able to dial numbers just by saying them.

But surely we need to ask ourselves: What’s good about this? OK, we can talk to other people almost all the time now — but is that so great? Watch and listen to people when a plane has landed. Anxious D _____, dial a number, and then: “It’s me, I’m here. I’ll be there in twenty minutes.” Is this communication? Is this what all these years of technology have brought us to?

In the early days of communication there were letters. When they arrived at your house, you knew they had been delivered by a man E _____.

In those days, people would think very hard before they wrote a letter. You had to have a good reason to write — communication was serious. Now it’s not — people phone each other F ____. Once the phone was a way for people far away from each other to talk — now it’s just an excuse to talk.

1. has been developed very quickly

2. not understand why they are doing it for

3. as Americans call them

4. riding halfway across the country on a horse

5. just because they can

6. can also be used to take and send photos

7. fingers immediately switch on the mobile phone

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	1	6	7	4	5

Task 39

Promoting language learning

 The European Union (EU) is committed to supporting the rights of its citizens to personal and professional mobility, and their ability to communicate with each other. It does so by A_____ to promote the teaching and learning of European languages. These programmes have at least one thing in common: they cover cross-border projects involving partners from two, and often three or more, EU countries.

The EU programmes are designed to complement the national education policies of member countries. Each government is responsible for its own national education policy, B_____. What the EU programmes do is to create links between countries and regions via joint projects, C____.

Since 2007 the main programmes have been put under the overall umbrella of the EU’s lifelong learning programme. All languages are eligible for support under this programme: official languages, regional, minority and migrant languages, D____. There are national information centres in each country, E_____.

The cultural programmes of the EU also promote linguistic and cultural diversity in a number of ways. The “Media” programme funds the dubbing and subtitling of European films for F ____. The “Culture” programme builds cross-cultural bridges by supporting the translation of modern authors into other EU languages.

1. and the languages of the EU’s major trading partners

2. which includes language teaching and learning

3. cinemas and television in other EU countries

4. which enhance the impact of language teaching and learning

5. funding a number of educational programmes

6. and encouraging people to learn new languages

7. where details about the application procedures are given

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	2	4	1	7	3

Task 40

Starting your own business

What are the reasons for starting your own business? One of them is because you believe you are the best in that line or because you have a product or service that has never been offered to the market before. Another is that you are a person in a real hurry and cannot suffer the A_____ to reach your goals. Sometimes it is because you have an inheritance B_____ soon after you set up a business or that there already is a cash purse with loose strings and you want to make the best of this bonanza.

If your reasons are any or all of the above, abandon the thought right now and save yourself the disillusionment C____ into the world of commerce.

Start your own business just for the sake of doing a trade, or for D____. Do not burden yourself with lofty notions of superiority when compared to your peers. When setting out to start your own business, be emotional about it, but not impractical; don’t be led by your heart, but be dictated by your mind.

Having covered those parts that are not taught in a business school, let us look at E____ your own business. You should start with a SWOT analysis – strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats – analyze these for yourself, for partners in your business, if any, and for the business itself.

If the result of the analysis is encouraging, then prepare a business plan. It is like a road map for actions in the near foreseeable future to achieve your business goals. Finally, execute the business plan with precision; tweak it as you go along, only so that it helps to meet the end goal of successfully F_____ the business.

1. the essentials of starting

2. that awaits when you step

3. trials and tribulations of employment

4. establishing and conducting

5. preparing a business plan

6. waiting to be acquired

7. undertaking the commercial activity

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	6	2	7	1	4

Task 41

Archaeology done underwater

 Nautical archaeology is the science of finding, collecting, preserving, and studying human objects that have become lost or buried under water. It is a fairly modern field of study since it depends on having the technology to be able to remain underwater for some time to do real work. Whether it is conducted in freshwater or in the sea, A____, nautical archaeology is another way of learning more about the human past.

Although some use the words nautical archaeology to mean a specialized branch of underwater archaeology, B____, most consider the term to mean the same as the words underwater archaeology or marine

archaeology. All of these interchangeable terms mean simply C_____.

Once real trade began, it is safe to say D_____ was probably transported over water at some point in time. By studying submerged objects, we can learn more about past human cultures. In fact, studying ancient artifacts is the only way to learn anything about human societies E_____. Being able to examine the actual objects made and used by ancient people not only adds to the written records they left behind, but allows us to get much closer to the reality of what life was like when they lived. Also, if we pay close attention to how the objects were made and used, we begin to get a more realistic picture of F_____.

1. that existed long before the invention of writing

2. that nearly every object made by humans

3. what those people were really like

4. which is concerned only with ships and the history of seafaring

5. that it is the study of archaeology done underwater

6. and whether it finds sunken ships or old cities

7. and what was discovered underwater

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	4	5	2	1	3

Task 42

Visiting the Royal Parks

 London has a well-deserved reputation as one of the greenest cities in Europe, with a huge number of open spaces across the center of the city. Tourists A_____ can always relax in a lovely, quiet London park.

The Royal Parks, such as St James’s, Green Park, the Regent’s Park, Hyde Park, Richmond, Greenwich, Bushy Park and Kensington Gardens, are beautifully maintained and popular with locals and visitors alike. Many are former hunting estates of English monarchs, preserved as open space B______. They are ideal places to relax and sunbathe in summer, enjoy gorgeous flower beds in spring C_____.

The Royal Parks provide fantastic green routes in London D______ and through some of the most attractive areas of the capital. Picnics in the parks are also a popular activity especially during the busy summer months.

Dogs are welcome in all the Royal Parks, although there are some places E_____. These are clearly indicated within each park and are usually ecologically sensitive sites, children’s play areas, restaurants, cafes and some sports areas. Ground nesting birds are particularly sensitive to disturbance by dogs and people. So it is necessary to observe the warning signs F____. In Bushy Park and Richmond Park dogs should be kept away from the deer.

The Royal Parks are for everyone to enjoy.

1. that are displayed during the nesting season

2. while the city has grown up around them

3. and admire the changing leaves as autumn arrives

4. where they are not allowed or should be kept on a lead

5. who are tired of the noise, crowds and excitement of sightseeing

6. who does not know the route to the place of destination

7. that take cyclists away from traffic

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	2	3	7	4	1

Task 43

The Survival of the Welsh Language

 Wales is a small country of just over 3 million people, on the north west seaboard of Europe. Despite many historical incursions of other peoples, particularly the English, it has preserved its ancient Celtic language, A_____. Welsh is habitually spoken by about 10% of the people, half understood by a further 10%, and not spoken at all by the majority in this ‘bilingual’ society.

Up to the First World War most people were Welsh speaking, especially in the mountains of North Wales. The English-speaking areas were along the more fertile coastal plains. On the whole there was an easy tolerance of the two languages, B______.

By 1919 there was a considerable drop in Welsh speakers. This was due to the large flows of capital investment from England into the South Wales coalfield, C_____.

Now, D_____, commerce and everyday business were carried out in English.

In the rural mountain areas 80% to 85% of the population were Welsh speakers, E ____. However, in the coalfield country of Glamorgan 70% spoke English only, and in its neighbour border county the figure was over 90%.

By 1931 the number of people able to speak Welsh in the whole of Wales had fallen to 37% of the population, F ____. It continued to drop and reached its lowest – 18.6% — in the 1990s. But by the start of the 21st century, numbers had begun to increase again and reached 21.7% in 2004!

1. as well as education and the law

2. the only one of a number of allied languages that remain

3. with radio and the English press further speeding the decline

4. many being able to speak Welsh only

5. where Welsh was studied as language and literature in an academic manner

6. apart from the fact that Welsh was not permitted to be used at all in the schools

7. bringing a flood of immigrant labour from all over Britain

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	6	7	1	4	3

Task 44

Secrets of Long Life

 There are places in the world where people live longer than anywhere else. The remote Japanese island of Okinawa is one of these places. While the lifespan in Britain is 77 years for men and 81 for women, Okinawa has a population of about one million, of which 900 are centenarians — A_____ in Britain or the USA. So what is their secret of long life?

«The calendar may say they’re 80, but their body says they’re 60,» says Bradley Willcox, a scientist researching the extraordinary phenomenon. The research has shown hormonal differences between Okinawans and B____ but their longevity has been linked to diet. They eat more tofu and soya than any other people in the world and also enjoy a range of different fruit and vegetables, all rich in anti-oxidants. But the most significant thing isn’t what they eat but how much. The Okinawans C_____ known as ‘hara hachi bu’, which translates as ‘eat until you are only 80 % full’.

Scientists refer to this way of eating as ‘caloric restrictions’. No-one knows exactly why it works, but scientists believe it D_____ that there is the danger of famine. This in turn E_____ and so may lead to better preservation and slower aging.

«It’s a stark contrast with the cultural habits that drive food consumption in F____ » says Mr. Willcox. If we look at high streets and supermarkets in most other countries, you will see that he is right. Restaurants offer all-you-can-eat menus and supersize portions. Supermarkets are full of special offers encouraging us to buy more food than we need.

1. make it a healthy diet

2. other parts of the world

3. four times higher than the average

4. have a cultural tradition

5. sends a signal to the body

6. the rest of the population

7. makes the body protect itself

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	6	4	5	7	2

Task 45

Beaches of Portugal

 Covering more than 850 km, the Portuguese coast boasts such a large number of fine, white sandy beaches that it is almost impossible to keep count. All bathed by the Atlantic Ocean and all different, their beauty is hard to describe, so there is nothing better A _____.

The most famous are in the Algarve. With three thousand hours of sun per year and warm waters, there are beaches to suit every taste and many dreamlike resorts. The choices are many, from sandy stretches extending as far as the eye can see B ______, the trade image of the region. They are always accompanied by a calm clear sea, C_____.

In Costa da Caparica, the beaches are particularly dear to Lisbonites D _____ for sun and sea bathing. There are deserted beaches here too, of a wild beauty, E ____ nature. In the centre, tourists will find very wide sandy stretches, to which traditional fishing adds a picturesque touch. And further north, the colder waters and the invigorating sea are tempered by the welcoming atmosphere and the clean air of the mountains and the forests.

Despite all their differences, all beaches share one thing – quality. They are safe and offer a wide range of support and recreational services, F ____. And a large number of Portuguese beaches are granted the European blue flag every year, a distinction that is a sign of their excellent conditions.

1. where one can enjoy close contact with

2. which meet every need of their users

3. than to discover them once for oneself

4. who has never been to this wonderful city

5. which is ideal for various water sports

6. to the smaller coves, sheltered by huge cliffs

7. who have different options around the capital

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	6	5	7	1	2

Task 46

The Joy of Reading

 Have you ever wondered why people read? Why reading is one of the few things A _____ for thousands of years? Even before reading became available to the general public, stories were told around campfires, passed down from generation to generation.

First of all, stories are a good way to escape from your ordinary life, to get immersed in another world, if only for a little time. While reading, you can imagine yourself in different situations B _____, but in the moment that doesn’t matter. Whether you’re suffering from depression or are just bored, reading is a great distraction.

Similarly, another reason people are attracted to stories, is because they are lonely, very often they feel as if they are the only ones in the world C _____. Identifying with a fictional character can make a big difference in helping a person understand D _____.

Other people read because it can be a good way to relax. It can be very nice to sit down and enjoy a good plot unfold, to watch the actions of fictional characters from the side, and to see the consequences of these actions, E ____.

Lastly, people read because it is the easiest way to gain knowledge in a certain area. Instead of finding a teacher, you can just find a book, sit down, and spend a few hours reading. This way you can study wherever you want, whenever you want F _____.

There are countless books in the world, and whoever you are, whatever you’re feeling, there is definitely a book out there, just waiting for you to discover it.

1. try to avoid the boredom of life

2. that has consistently remained part of society

3. that they are not alone

4. going through something difficult

5. without having to bear any responsibility

6. that range from unlikely to impossible

7. at your own pace

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	6	4	3	5	7

Task 47

Peter and Paul Fortress

 The Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, located on small Hare Island, is the historic core of the city. The history of St. Petersburg begins with the history of the fortress.

Since 1700 Russia had been fighting the Northern War against Sweden. By 1703 the lands by the Neva River were conquered. To protect them from the attacks of the Swedes it was necessary to build a strong outpost here. The fortress was founded on Hare Island 16 (27) May, 1703 by joint plan of Peter I and French engineer Joseph-Gaspard Lambert de Guerin. This day is well known A____.

The fortress stretches from west to east with six bastions B____. The Peter’s Gate on the east side, C____, has remained since the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Cathedral, D____ emperors and the monument of Russian baroque, was completed after the death of the emperor, in 1733. The weathervane as a golden angel with a cross, E____, is one of the main symbols of the city. On the opposite side of the cathedral, there is the Mint building, constructed in the time of Paul I by architect A. Porto. Coinage was moved to the fortress F____ in the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Fortress has never directly participated in any fighting. From the very beginning of its existence it was used as a political prison. Since 1924 the Peter and Paul Fortress has been a part of the Museum of the History of St. Petersburg.

1. as the day of the birth of St. Petersburg

2. which was designed by D. Trezzini

3. which was the burial place of Russian

4. and reminding of the rich history of the city

5. as the most protected part of the city

6. which is located on the spire of the cathedral

7. that are located at the corners

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
1	7	2	3	6	5

Task 48

Surviving in a Desert

 A desert is defined as a place that gets less than 250 mm of rain each year. It differs sharply from the climate of a rain forest, A _____.

Arid desert lands cover about one third of the earth’s surface. Most deserts are covered with sand, B _____. There are also usually a lot of rocky areas. This combination of sand and rock means that the soil is not very fertile. C ____, some living things are able to do well in this setting. Many plants have changed and developed in ways D____. These changes have become apparent in a number of ways. Some plants are able to grow very quickly E____. They turn green and produce flowers within just a few days. Other desert plants simply stop growing in very dry weather. They appear to be dead, but when the rain returns, they come back to life and begin growing again.

Desert animals have also developed many characteristics that help them to survive in arid environment. Camels can go for a very long time without drinking. Other animals, such as snakes and rats, find cool places to sleep during the day and come out only at night. The extremely long ears of desert rabbits help them F_____. Changes like these have allowed some animals and plants to grow and develop successfully in a very challenging ecological system: the desert.

There are countless books in the world, and whoever you are, whatever you’re feeling, there is definitely a book out there, just waiting for you to discover it.

1. which is often in the form of hills called sand dunes

2. whenever it rains

3. to find water as far as 25 metres away

4. which can receive up to 10,000 mm of rain annually

5. to better distribute their body heat and stay cool

6. even though the desert environment is very dry and hot

7. that help them to live in the desert

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	1	6	7	2	5

Task 49

Nevsky Prospect

 Nevsky Prospect is the main and most famous street of St. Petersburg. The unique architectural ensemble of Nevsky Prospect was formed during the 18th – early 20th centuries. It starts from the bank of the Neva River, runs through the centre of the city and ends at the Neva River. The whole history of St. Petersburg can be seen in the history of the avenue. Nevsky Prospect is 4.5 km long and 25-60 m wide. The narrowest section is located from the Admiralty to the Moika River, A_____.

After the construction of the Admiralty in 1704 and the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in 1710, it was decided to build a road B_____ each other and with the Novgorod Path, which was used by Russian merchants. The construction began on both sides at the same time, the roads were laid through the wood, and in 1760s they were connected into one road, C_____, but with a turn at the Vosstaniya Square. Nevsky Prospect got its name only in 1783. The road was paved with cobble stones, D_____. It was the first street in St. Petersburg with gas lighting. By the early 20th century Nevsky Prospect had become the financial centre of Russia E____ had their offices there.

Nowadays, Nevsky Prospect is the centre of cultural and social life of St. Petersburg. There are museums, theatres, exhibition halls, cinemas, restaurants, cafés, shops F____.

1. and hotels there or nearby the avenue

2. showing the original width of the avenue

3. which was not as straight as it was planned

4. which were built by famous architects and

5. connecting these two important structures with

6. and a few rows of trees were planted along the street

7. as the 40 largest banks of Russia, Europe and America

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	5	3	6	7	1

Task 50

Whales in a Noisy Ocean

Whales use sound in very different ways. Some whales produce songs that travel over vast distances. They also use echolocation, like bats, A _____. But other noise in the ocean creates a problem for the whales.

Since 1987, the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) has sent their research vessel Song of the Whale around the world B _____. During the travels, the Song of the Whale scientists have developed expertise C ____ to listen to and record the sounds that the animals make. Thishelps them to track, identify, and survey different species.

One of the threats facing whales and other marine animals is noise pollution in the seas, such as noise from drilling, military activities, oil exploration, and coastal construction. This noise can cause great distress to whales and dolphins and can D _____.

It is feared this noise pollution may cause mass strandings, E _____. If the Song of the Whale team can F ____, then hopefully the nature and location of disturbing noise can be changed.

1. in using underwater microphones

2. to locate food and find their way

3. result in injury and even death

4. track and identify their habitats

5. to filter out food from the water

6. to provide a platform for marine research

7. when large numbers come ashore

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	6	1	3	7	4

Task 51

Unique nature of Kamchatka

Kamchatka is a peninsula located in the north-eastern part of Russia. It is surrounded with the Okhotskoye Sea, the Beringovo Sea and the Pacific Ocean. This region has a very unique environment A_____ one is looking for picturesque views, unforgettable travels and unity with nature.

Kamchatka is famous for its volcanoes, B_____. Volcanoes are represented on Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, the most eastern city in the northern hemisphere, coat of arms as well. There are more than 300 volcanoes

in Kamchatka, from 28 up to 36 of them are active, or potentially active. Kamchatka volcanoes are included in the list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

The region is also known C____ — rivers and lakes. Many Kamchatka rivers spring from mountain tops and glaciers, that is why they are very clean, and it is wonderful for those D_____. In general, there are up to 14 thousand rivers and streams, 100 thousand lakes and 414 glaciers in Kamchatka.

Kamchatka is a home to the Valley of Geysers, E_____ geysers in the world, after Icelandic geyser fields. It is not easily accessible, as long as it is too unique to be opened for tourists all the time. The Valley of Geysers’ ecosystem is very vulnerable, F_____ and regulate the visiting. In fact, the larger part of Kamchatka is preserved. There are many nature reserves and nature parks in Kamchatka.

1. which are depicted on most souvenirs there

2. so it is necessary to monitor it all the time

3. who love fishing, including Kamchatka bears

4. which has the second largest concentration of

5. to be a place of many water sources

6. to be a popular nature reserve and health resort

7. that makes it a place to visit when

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	1	5	3	4	2

Task 52

The life of Pi

 «The Life of Pi» published in 2001 is the third book by the Canadian author Yann Martel. It has A_____, won several prizes and been translated into forty-one languages.

At the start of the book, we B____ in India. His father owns the city zoo and the family home is in the zoo. When they aren’t at school, Pi and his brother help their father at the zoo and he learns a lot about animals.

When Pi is sixteen, his parents decide to close the zoo and move to Canada. They travel by ship taking the animals with them. On the way, there is C_____. Sadly, Pi’s family and the sailors all die in the storm, but Pi lives and finds himself in a lifeboat with a hyena, zebra, orangutan and an enormous tiger. At first, Pi is scared of the animals and jumps into the ocean. Then he remembers there are sharks in the water and decides to climb back into the lifeboat. One by one, the animals in the lifeboat kill and eat each other, till only Pi and the tiger are left alive. Luckily for Pi, there is D_____, but he soon needs to start catching fish. He feeds the tiger to stop it killing and eating him. He also uses a whistle and E_____ and show it that he’s the boss.

Pi and the tiger spend 227 days in the lifeboat. They live through terrible storms and the burning heat of the Pacific sun. They are often hungry and ill. Finally, they arrive at the coast of Mexico, but you will have to F_____ in the end!

1. read the book to find out what happens

2. some food and water on the lifeboat

3. his knowledge of animals to control the tiger

4. received an award for being strong

5. sold seven million copies worldwide

6. learn about Pi’s childhood in Pondicherry

7. a terrible storm and the ship sinks

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	6	7	2	3	1

Task 53

Santa Claus

The man we know as Santa Claus has a history all to his own. Today, he is thought of mainly as the jolly man in red, but his story A_____ the 3rd century to a monk named St. Nicholas. It is believed that Nicholas was born sometime around 280 AD in modern-day Turkey. Much admired for his kindness, St. Nicholas B_____. It is said that he gave away all of his inherited wealth and traveled the countryside helping the poor and sick. Over the course of many years, Nicholas’s popularity spread and he became known as the protector of children and sailors. His feast day C_____ his death, December 6. This was traditionally considered a lucky day to make large purchases or to get married. By the Renaissance, St. Nicholas was the most popular saint in Europe.

St. Nicholas first D______ at the end of the 18th century. The name Santa Claus evolved from a Dutch shortened form of Sint Nikolaas. As his popularity grew, Sinter Klaas was described as everything from a jocker with a blue three-cornered hat, red waistcoat, and yellow stockings to a man wearing a broad-brimmed hat and a huge pair of Flemish trousers.

In the 19th centuries big stores E_____ using images of the newly-popular Santa Claus. In 1841, thousands of children visited a Philadelphia shop to see a life-size Santa Claus model. It F_____ before stores began to attract children, and their parents, with the lure of a peek at the “real-life” Santa Claus with his famous white beard and red gown.

1. began to advertise Christmas shopping

2. became the subject of many legends

3. began dressing up unemployed men in

4. is celebrated on the anniversary of

5. was only a matter of time

6. stretches all the way back to

7. appeared in American popular culture

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	2	4	7	1	5

Task 54

Welcome to the Smithsonian

When you visit any of the Smithsonian’s 19 museums and galleries or the National zoo, you are entering the largest museum complex in the world. This complex holds about 137 million unique objects in its trust for the American people.

The Smithsonian was established in 1846 with funds given to the United States by James Smithson, an English scientist. The main idea was to increase and spread knowledge for free. And now all Smithsonian institutions are still devoted to public education, A__________ history.

Ten Smithsonian museums and galleries are located in the centre of the U.S. capital. Six other museums and the National zoo are nearby in the Washington metropolitan area, B__________.

The 19th and the newest museum C__________ is the National Museum of African American history and culture. It is now operating in the form of a virtual museum. Its key feature is the memory book, D__________. These diverse memories are linked to each other and to the museum content, E__________.

The Smithsonian complex is home to the world’s foremost research centres in science, the arts and the humanities. Besides the basic research F__________, there are a number of special facilities. Conservation centre at the zoo studies rare and endangered species, environment centre carries out research in ecosystems in the coastal area.

1. that is carried on regularly in each of the museums

2. providing different materials in the arts, science and

3. placing a spotlight on people and events in African American history

4. that has been established within the Smithsonian complex

5. which allows website visitors to upload their own stories or images

6. and visitors can enjoy watching rare exhibits on

7. and two museums are situated in New York City

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	7	4	5	3	1

Task 55

National Gallery of Art

 The National Gallery of Art was created in Washington D.C. for the people of the United States in 1937. It started with the gift of the financier and art collector A__________. His gift also included a building to house the new museum, to be constructed on the National Mall. Opened to the public in 1941, this grand building, B__________, was at the time the largest marble structure in the world.

The newly created National Gallery soon attracted similar gifts from hundreds of other collectors. This tradition of generosity continues to this day with gifts from private donors and artists C__________.

The gallery’s East building contains the collection of modern and contemporary painting, sculpture, D__________. The East and West buildings are connected by an underground tunnel with a moving walkway.

The National Gallery enjoys federal support, E__________, to fulfill its mission to exhibit and interpret great works of European and American art in the nation’s collection. Since its founding, federal funds have fostered the protection and care of the art collection and have supported the gallery’s work, ensuring F__________. Private funding helped to create a renowned collection of works of art and to construct the two landmark buildings. Private support makes possible to arrange a changing programme of special exhibitions.

1. which is now called the West building

2. that the gallery brings daily profit to the country

3. who are willing to share their possessions with the public

4. who presented old master paintings and sculptures to the country

5. as well as partnership with private organizations

6. that the gallery is open daily and free of charge

7. as well as an advanced research centre and an art library

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	1	3	7	5	6

Task 56

Healthy school meals

Children at Southdown Infants School in Bath enjoy tasty homemade meals such as roast turkey with fresh vegetables, chicken, salad and fresh fruit for pudding. Vegetables are A ____________. Instead of crisps, chocolate and sweets, the school canteen serves organic carrots, dried fruit and fresh seasonal fruit in bags for 10p, B ______________.

Southdown’s healthy eating initiative began four years ago with the start of a breakfast club.

Now Ms Culley, the head teacher of the school, says that the teachers very clearly see the link between diet and concentration. “Children’s concentration and behaviour C ______________.” The teachers would also like to give the children the experience of eating together. It turned out that some children weren’t used to that.

Pupils are also encouraged to find out more about where their food comes from by  D ______________.

Parents are also involved and are invited in to try school dinners on special occasions, E _______________.

The efforts of staff, pupils and parents to create a healthy eating environment were recognized earlier this month F ______________ the Best School Dinner award.

Ms Culley said: “We are happy to win this award. Healthy eating is at the centre of everything we do. It’s really rewarding to see so many children enjoy real food.”

1. such as Easter and Christmas

2. visiting a local farm

3. local, fresh and organic where possible

4. provide good quality food

5. definitely improve after a good meal

6. and about 100 bags are sold each day

7. when the school was awarded

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	6	5	2	1	7

Task 57

Walking is not enough to keep fit

Walking may not be enough on its own to produce significant health benefits, research suggests. A team from Canada’s University of Alberta compared a 10,000-step exercise programme with a more traditional fitness regime of moderate intensity. Researchers found improvements A _______ were significantly higher in the second group. They told an American College of Sports Medicine meeting that gentle exercise was B __________. In total 128 people took C _________. The researchers assessed influence on fitness by measuring blood pressure and lung capacity. They found out the 10,000-step programme did help to get people motivated – and was an excellent way to start D _________. But to increase the effectiveness, some intensity must be added to their exercise. “Across your day, while you are achieving those 10,000 steps, take 200 to 400 of them at a faster pace. You’ve got to do more than light exercise and include regular moderate activity, and don’t be shy to have an occasional period of time at an energetic level.” The researchers were concerned there was too much focus E __________, rather than on its intensity.

Professor Stuart Biddle, an expert in exercise science at the University of Loughborough, said it was possible that the current guidelines on how much exercise to take were set too low. “However, you have got to find F ____. The harder you make it, the fewer people will actually do it.” Professor Biddle said there was no doubt that energetic exercise was the way to get fit, but volume rather than intensity might be more useful in tackling issues such as obesity.

1. part in the project

2. taking exercise

3. gave marked health benefits

4. in fitness levels

5. on simply getting people to take exercise

6. not enough to get fit

7. a compromise between physiology and psychology

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	6	1	2	5	7

Task 58

Double-decker Bus

A double-decker bus is a bus that has two levels. While double-decker long-distance buses are in widespread use around the world, A ____. Double-decker buses are popular in some European cities and in some parts of Asia, usually in former British colonies. Many towns around the world have a few that specialize in short sight-seeing tours for tourists because, as William Gladstone observed, «the way to see London is from the top of a ‘bus'».

Double-decker buses are taller than other buses. They are extensively used in the United Kingdom, B _____, removed from normal service in December 2005 — they still operate on heritage routes. Elsewhere in Europe, double-deckers are used throughout the Dublin Bus network in Ireland, where they are making a comeback on Dublin’s outer suburban routes and also the streets of Cork, Limerick, Galway and Waterford. They are a common sight in Berlin, where the BVG makes extensive use of them. Double-decker long-distance coaches are also in widespread use throughout Europe.

Most buses in Hong Kong and about half in Singapore are double-deckers as well. The only areas in North America that C _____ are the western Canadian province of British Columbia and the United States city of Las Vegas. They are currently being tested in Ottawa on the express routes. The city of Davis, California, in the United States uses vintage double-decker buses for public transport. Davis, California is also home to the first vintage double-decker bus converted from diesel gasoline to run on CNG. The city of Victoria, BC, the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, and a couple of others use Dennis Tridents. A few are also used as tour buses, especially in New York. Double-deckers are have also been used in Mumbai since 1937.

In Brazil, D _____, some companies use double-decker buses. Double-deckers are not a good option for use outside the towns (most roads in Brazil are in very poor condition), and E _____.

Double-decker buses are in widespread use in India in many of the major cities. Some double-decker buses F _____, with no roof and shallow sides. These are popular for sightseeing tours.

1. double-deckers are adored by thousands of tourists

2. use double-decker buses for public transport

3. double-decker city buses are less common

4. where perhaps the most famous was the London Routemaster

5. their use is being discouraged by transportation authorities

6. have an open upper deck

7. where buses are sometimes the only interstate transport

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	4	2	7	5	6

Task 59

Natural Links In a Long Chain of Being

I believe we are not alone.

Even if I am on the other side of the world from the farmhouse I live in, I still dream of the ancient vines out the window, and the shed out back that my grandfather’s father built in 1870 with eucalyptus trunks. As long as I can recreate these images, A ____. 

All of us need some grounding in our modern world of constant moving, buying, selling, meeting and leaving. Some find constancy in religion, others in friends or community. But we need some daily signposts that we are not different, not better, B ____. 

For me, this house, farm, these ancient vines are those roots. Although I came into this world alone and will leave alone, I am not alone. 

There are ghosts of dozens of conversations in the hallways, stories I remember about buying new plows that now rust in the barnyard and ruined crops from the same vines C ____. 

All of us are natural links in a long chain of being, and that I need to know what time of day it is, what season is coming, whether the wind is blowing north or from the east, and if the moon is still full tomorrow night, D _____. 

The physical world around us constantly changes, E _____. We must struggle in our brief existence to find some transcendent meaning and so find relief in the knowledge F _____.

You may find that too boring, living with the past as present. I find it refreshing. There is an old answer to every new problem, that wise whispers of the past are with us. If we just listen and remember, we are not alone; we have been here before.

1. I never quite leave home

2. but human nature does not

3. that we are now harvesting

4. but we as well as our heart did not

5. not worse than those who came before us

6. just as the farmers who came before me did

7. that our ancestors have gone through this before

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
1	5	3	6	2	7

Task 60

The Show Begins

My Uncle Jim took me to all the Broadway shows in New York City, and I was star struck! Actually he wasn’t my real uncle – that’s just what we called him. He was a close friend of my parents. He was a bit stocky with red hair, A _________.

I remember the theaters on Broadway, B __________. The curtains were made of this real heavy, dark red material. There were huge chandelier lights hanging from the ceiling. The walls were dark, paneled wood. The seats were red and cushy C __________.

The orchestra sat at the base of the stage in a pit. I usually went down to the front to see the musicians D __________. They were all crammed into such a tiny space. I played the flute myself and my dad kept encouraging me that if I kept it up, E ___________. But truly, I didn’t want to be tucked away down there. I wanted to be on top, front and center.

Most people dressed rather finely, and certain fragrances took center stage as various women passed by. The sounds of the audience F __________ at their seats were clearly heard while last minute patrons filled in. There was electricity in the air and then the lights would go down and up, and you knew it was time for the show to get started. The lights dimmed. The music began. And you were swept up into a whole new world. I loved it!

1. I could be playing down there someday

2. and set real close together

3. which were so old and posh

4. and he had a beard and moustache

5. I wasn’t that good at music

6. getting ready and warming up

7. laughing and chattering away

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	3	2	6	1	7

Task 61

Scouting moves ahead

The Scout Movement, which is also known as the Boy Scouts has changed massively in more than 100 years, though many people do not realise this.

For many people in Britain the word “scouting” evokes images of boys in short trousers A__________. Many people imagine that the Scout Association and its female counterpart the Guides Association are old-fashioned. They think these associations are for people B__________ than the future, people who just like camping in the rain and washing in cold water.

It’s quite easy to understand why Scouts and Guides have this sort of image. The “Boy Scouts” were founded over 100 years ago by Robert Baden-Powell, a retired English army general; the “Girl Guides” followed three years later. They were organised in an almost military manner. Young people had to learn discipline and how to do things as a group. They C__________ in difficult conditions, learnt to make campfires and, yes, they certainly had to get used to washing in cold water. In those days though, that D__________ many people washed in cold water.

Nevertheless, even at the start, there was much more to scouting than that. Scouts and Guides also learned the value of solidarity. Right from the start, they had to cope with difficult situations, E__________, and play a useful part in society. Baden-Powell’s organisations were inclusive, and never exclusive; any young person could become a Scout or a Guide, regardless of race, background or religion.

Though the Scout and Guide movements began in England, they soon spread to other countries, and within 50 years, scouting F__________ with young people all over the world.

1. who are more interested in the past

2. and girls in blue uniforms

3. that were generally better

4. was not particularly unusual as

5. went on camping expeditions

6. interact with other people

7. had become a popular activity

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	1	5	4	6	7

Task 62

Skip the sun, get a glow the healthy way

Everyone at some point has wanted a “healthy glow,” whether it’s a must-have for summer, or a vacation, the thought of tan skin has crossed the minds of millions. If you are pale, it A__________. There is wild excitement when after a day in the sun your skin is tan, not burnt. Surely everyone is familiar with the famous conversation upon the realization that you got fried at the beach. Your friends reassure you with “Don’t worry it B__________.” It may all seem like fun and games at the time, but alarming new research C__________.

Some tan-seekers do it the old-fashioned way, grab a towel and hit the pool or beach. Recently, millions of young girls D__________ instead. Regardless of how the tan is achieved, any change in skin coloring is evidence of skin cell damage. This can lead to cancer. According to the Skin Cancer Foundation, melanoma, or skin cancer, among people aged 18 to 39 has risen dramatically. In the United States the number of skin cancer cases due to tanning, is higher than the number of lung cancer cases due to smoking.

While it is true that being outside and active is great for your body and the sun does provide vitamin D, everyone’s health still needs protecting. However, it’s E__________, limit time spent in direct sunlight, between the hours of 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., and wear sunscreen at all times. A fashionable option is the sun hat: both elegant and fun. Big floppy hats may seem ridiculous at first, but F__________.

Another advice is to look into sunless tanners: They are cheap and in no way endanger the lives of users. So, fake it, don’t bake it!

1. takes a lot of time and effort to tan

2. have been turning to tanning beds

3. they are actually quite classy accessories

4. better to avoid indoor tanning

5. have inspired people to get their skin checked

6. will eventually turn into a tan

7. has taken the healthy out of healthy glow

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
1	6	7	2	4	3

Task 63

Grant-making agency

The National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) is an independent grant-making agency of the United States government. Established in 1965, it is one of the largest sources of grant funds for humanities projects and programs in the U.S. NEH promotes knowledge of the history, thought, and culture, not only of the United States, A__________.

NEH grants facilitate research and original scholarship, strengthen teaching and learning in the humanities in American schools and colleges, give opportunities for citizens to engage in lifelong learning, B__________.

The Endowment is directed by a chairman, C__________ and confirmed by the U.S. Senate for a term of four years. Advising the chairman is the National Council on the Humanities, a board of 26 distinguished private citizens D__________ with the advice of the Senate. The National Council members serve six-year terms.

NEH grants are typically awarded to U.S. cultural institutions, such as museums, archives, libraries, colleges, universities, and public television and radio stations, E__________. Eligibility is limited to U.S. non-profit institutions and to U.S. citizens and foreigners F__________ prior to the time of application. Grants are awarded through a competitive process. The chairman takes into account the advice provided by the review process and, by law, makes all funding decisions.

1. who is appointed by the president

2. but of other countries of the world

3. but in every aspect of social sciences

4. who are also appointed by the president

5. who have been living in the U.S. for three years

6. as well as to individual scholars of the humanities

7. as well as provide access to cultural and educational resources

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	7	1	4	6	5

Task 64

The Bonfire Night

The 5th of November has always had a very special place in my heart. More important than New Year’s Eve, but probably less important than the Olympics ceremonies, the 5th of November every year is A __________ all over the country to go wild!

The night of the 5th is often cold and damp and parents wrap up their children in layers of jumpers, coats, hats, scarves and gloves. They fuss over the littlest B __________ aren’t scared. They comfort their pets and give them a safe place to curl up inside, away from the cacophony about to start outside.

Outside the bonfire is C __________ up your nose. If you’re lucky, there might be some pumpkin soup left over from Halloween to warm you up, because in spite of all the layers and the excitement, you’ll still need warming up until the bonfire gets going!

When it’s absolutely dark and the bonfire is blazing, the children and parents huddle together in groups, staring up at the sky. What are they waiting for? The screech of the first firework deafens them all and D __________. The “oohs” and “aaahs” of the crowd keep perfect time with the “kabooms” of the rockets. With every firework that lights up the sky, parents watch the delight grow on their children’s faces and sigh with relief.

After the grand finale, they make their way home with the noises still echoing in their ears. An extra special treat E __________! Waving them through the chilly air, spelling out names and drawing pictures, even the oldest members of the family remember how to be kids!

This is what the 5th of November means to me. Every year, it F __________ such bright and colourful fireworks and heard such loud bangs. I really hope I never grow out of it!

1. differences in traditions

2. children and hope that they

3. the day for fireworks lovers

4. the explosion lights up the sky

5. feels like the first time I’ve seen

6. waits at home though: sparklers

7. lit and the smell of smoke creeps

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	2	7	4	6	5

Task 65

Earth-sheltered homes

Earth-sheltered or simply underground homes are one of those creations by man, which brings him closer to nature. Unlike the normal traditional houses that A __________, these earth-sheltered homes are built using the shelter of the ground. Earth-sheltered homes can be easily made in hilly areas.

The basic idea behind the construction of such a house is that they are built with the idea of B ________ and each of these homes is built entirely different from each other.

The construction of these homes is usually done according to the shape of the area where the house is built. Their designs C ________ to the nature. The early earth houses which were initially built lacked windows. Modern day earth-sheltered homes though have windows as well as any other facility that the people living there might require.

Some of the major benefits of earth-sheltered homes are that they are naturally insulating. This makes them cool in the summer and cozy and warm in the winter. Another advantage D __________ and are well protected from earthquakes as well as wind-storms. Many earth-sheltered homes are also defended against intruders since there is usually only one entry.

As everything has its pros and cons, earth-sheltered homes also do. The interior decoration of these homes, like placing the furniture or huge paintings, E __________. These homes also have dark spaces inside and for this reason, lots of lighting is essential.

Earth-sheltered homes are one of the greenest housing designs that combines Mother Nature with eco-friendly F __________.

1. are built on the ground

2. are usually very organic

3. is being built facing south

4. being environmentally friendly

5. building materials and lifestyle

6. is that these homes are safe from fire

7. can be difficult due to the construction

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
1	4	2	6	7	5

Task 66

Australia

Australia is one of the world’s most ethnically diverse nations. Nearly a quarter of the people who live in Australia A __________. They come from the United Kingdom and other European countries, but also from China, Vietnam, North Africa, and the Middle East.

First people arrived in Australia about 50,000 years ago. They B __________ land bridges when sea levels were lower. The next to land in Australia were Dutch explorers. They came in 1606. In 1788 the British began to settle there. Many settlers C __________ as punishment. For a short time, the newcomers lived peacefully with the Aboriginal people.

In 1851, gold was discovered in Australia. A rush to find riches brought D __________ 1859, six separate colonies were created which later became part of the British Commonwealth.

Australian culture is founded on stories of battlers, bushrangers and brave soldiers. Today E __________ its Aboriginal heritage, vibrant mix of cultures, innovative ideas and a thriving ecosystem.

Australia’s ecosystem is an unusual one because of its remote location. As a result, there are F __________ and nowhere else in the world, such as kangaroo and koala.

One of Australia’s most amazing sites rises like an enormous whale’s back from a flat desert called the Red Center. It is a sacred natural formation at the heart of the country and the largest rock in the world!

1. Australia is one of the most

2. were born in other countries

3. Australia also defines itself by

4. many animal species that occur here

5. may have travelled from Asia across

6. thousands of new immigrants, and by

7. were criminals sent to live in Australia

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	5	7	6	3	4

Task 67

Living nature in Madeira

Right in the middle of the Atlantic, the islands of Madeira and Porto Santo are a haven of natural beauty. The exotic colours of the flowers stand out from among the blue sea and the emerald green vegetation. This is an archipelago where the big territory is a protected area and A __________ is located.

The Madeira Natural Park was created in 1982 to preserve this vast natural heritage, a worldwide rarity. The park is classified as a Biogenetic Reserve, B __________, with some rare species such as the mountain orchid, unique in the world, and also some exotic large trees. To visit this park is to discover Nature! The park covers about two-thirds of the island, making Madeira a truly ecological destination.

The springtime temperature, C __________, cries out for open air activities. Visitors can go for a walk in the park, visit the city of Funchal or roam freely around the island. Boat rides are an excellent way of D __________. In such a naturally welcoming environment, balance and well-being are taken for granted. Madeira offers various tourist complexes E __________.

Popular feasts, F __________, are opportunities to appreciate traditional gastronomic flavours and see Madeira partying, especially for the Carnival parades, the Flower festival, the Atlantic festival and, above all, the end-of-year fireworks display.

1. which is felt all year round

2. which take place in Madeira all year round

3. where the largest laurel forest in the world

4. admiring the coastline from a different perspective

5. where one can find a unique range of flora and fauna

6. choosing this holiday destination for its natural beauty

7. that have prime conditions for boating and scuba diving

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	5	1	4	7	2

Task 68

Wild animals in cities

Have you ever seen bears in Vancouver parks, leopards on the streets of Mumbai or wild pigs in gardens in Berlin? Recently, there A __________ on TV about big animals coming into towns and cities. What happens when wild animals come into our cities? Is it dangerous for us and the animals?

Wild animals usually come into cities to look for food. In Cape Town, South Africa, baboons sometimes come into the suburbs. They eat fruit from gardens and go into people’s kitchens and take food from cupboards and fridges! Baboons are B __________ children and fight with pet dogs. Many people do not like them, but the city can be dangerous for baboons too. Sometimes, baboons are C __________ human food can be very bad for their teeth. The city council in Cape Town has a team of Baboon Monitors whose job is to find baboons D ___________ to the countryside. This makes the city safer for people and is healthier for the baboons. However, the main problem is that a lot of baboons will come back to the city to find food again.

In Berlin, Germany, groups of wild pigs have come into the city for hundreds of years, but now the winters are warmer, there are even more pigs than in the past. Pigs eat flowers and plants and dig in gardens and parks in the city. They also E __________ accidents. Some city residents like the pigs and give them food. But the city council is worried about the traffic accidents, so they F __________ have put up fences to stop the pigs coming into the city.

1. cause lots of problems

2. in the city and take them back

3. walk in the street and cause traffic

4. hurt in car accidents and the sugar in

5. strong animals and sometimes they scare

6. have been many reports in newspapers and

7. have told people to stop giving the pigs food and

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	5	4	2	3	7

Task 69

Europe’s best hidden gems

There are incredible destinations in Europe known worldwide, such as Amsterdam and its canals, London and its museums, its shopping and atmosphere, or Paris, the City of Light. Europe also has thousands of hidden treasures. There is a wide selection of the finest unknown destinations in Europe, from Lugano in Switzerland  A __________.

Lugano is an international city, the crossroads and melting pot of European culture. It constitutes one of the most interesting regions to be discovered. Lugano is not only Switzerland’s third most important financial centre,  B __________ old buildings.

The area of Cinque Terre in Italy represents one of the best preserved natural sights of the Mediterranean. Human activity has contributed to creating a unique landscape in which the development of typical stone walls is so extensive C __________. All this, D __________, makes the Cinque Terre an increasingly popular location among Italian and foreign tourists.

Sintra is a jewel set between the mountains and the sea, waiting to be discovered by tourists E __________, luxuriant nature and cosmopolitan cultural offer. Sintra has a wonderful charm that left a deep impression on the soul and work of the writers F __________. Sintra is truly the capital of Romanticism. It is a place to be experienced by everyone!

1. but showed evidence of an early human housing

2. to Cinque Terre in Italy and Sintra in Portugal

3. as to equal that of the famous Great Wall of China

4. but also a town of parks and flowers, villas and

5. who want to be lost in its majestic historical heritage

6. combined with the beauty of a crystal clear sea

7. who pioneered the Romantic spirit in the eighteenth century

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	4	3	6	5	7

Task 70

Beautiful cities of Italy

The political and cultural centre of Italy is the ‘Eternal City’, Rome. Ever since the Roman Empire, as its capital, Rome has become famous as a centre of European culture. The most striking sights of Rome are, of course, the Colosseum and the Forum. Once the Colosseum was able to receive about 50 thousand spectators, A __________ and concert halls. The Pantheon, the old temple of all gods, B __________, is also located in Rome.

The second most important town in Italy is Milan. Milan is the capital of fashion and C __________, exhibitions and conferences. The main attraction of Milan is its Cathedral Square, where the monument to the King Victor Emmanuel II is installed. Theatre fans will not be left disappointed by visiting the Theatre of La Scala.

The most popular city among tourists is Venice. The city is unique because it has more than 120 islands, D __________ and 400 bridges. Venice has been known for more than fifteen hundred years, and for E __________. The main area of the city is Saint Mark’s Square with the Cathedral of San Marco. One of the most beautiful buildings in Venice is the Palace of Doges. The other famous attraction is the Grand Canal F______.

In addition to this, there are such beautiful cities in Italy as Naples, Turin, Florence, Genoa, Pisa and the islands of Sardinia and Sicily. All of them are outstanding places to visit.

1. that is the largest in Venice

2. which was built in the early I century

3. that everyone is dreaming about this trip

4. which is comparable with modern stadiums

5. which are сonnected by more than 150 canals

6. the venue for major international festivals

7. that time it produced a lot of attractions

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	2	6	5	7	1

Task 71

City of fountains

 Peterhof is a monument of world architecture and palace and park art. Peterhof includes a palace and park ensemble of the 18-19th centuries, A__________. Peterhof is a city of fountains as it contains 173 fountains and 4 cascades B__________. Each year up to 3 million people come here to enjoy the splendour of numerous fountains and the unique parks of Peterhof.

The name Peterhof was first mentioned in 1705. It was a coastal manor, close to which the construction of a grand country residence began. The original plan belonged to Peter the Great. After the brilliant victory of Russian troops over the Swedes, security of St. Petersburg both from the land C__________. Since that time, the construction of the Peterhof residence grew immensely in scope.

According to the plan of Peter the Great, on the one hand, Peterhof was meant to be equal in splendour with the most famous royal residences in Europe, D__________ to access the Baltic Sea. Both were successfully done. The Great Palace was built on a natural hill here, E__________. Following the plan of Peter the Great, F__________, the Grand Cascade with the famous Samson fountain was constructed. This is still one of the most spectacular fountains in the world. In 1990 the palaces and parks of Peterhof were included in the list of the world heritage of UNESCO.

1. and from the sea has been firmly ensured

2. which is a former royal countryside residence

3. who designs many royal residences in Europe

4. and then rebuilt in the baroque style in the 18th century

5. who wanted to decorate the main entrance with waterfalls

6. that are located in the park on the coast of the Gulf of Finland

7. and on the other hand, to become a monument of Russia’s struggle

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	6	1	7	4	5

Task 72

Sights of Sochi

 Sochi is unique among other Russian cities because it has many aspects of a subtropical resort. Apart from the scenic Caucasus Mountains, pebble and sand beaches, the city attracts tourists with its vegetation, numerous parks, monuments, and extravagant architecture. About two million people visit Greater Sochi each summer, A__________. The famous Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, B__________, lies just north from the city.

Popularity of Sochi among tourists is largely explained by the beauty of its surroundings. Walking along the river Agura, everyone will admire the nature around, C__________, and amazing waterfalls. From the bridge over the Agura opens a magnificent view to the lowest Agura waterfall. In the shady Agura gorge tourists will feel the gentle coolness, D__________.

Akhun Mountain the biggest in the region has a beautiful tower on the top. The height of the tower is more than 30 metres, E__________ are stunning. The observation platform on the top of the tower gives a chance to take superb pictures of the city. Every year thousands of people visit this stone tower, F__________ the perfect view of the Black Sea coast and the Caucasus Mountains. It is a truly unforgettable experience. Tourists will enjoy visiting all the sights and the resort itself, full of exotic green and the boundless blue of the Black Sea. 

1. and the views that open from it

2. which is built on the top to give visitors

3. when the subtropical resort is almost empty

4. which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

5. enjoying the sound of birds singing and waterfalls gurgling

6. when the city is home to the annual film festival “Kinotavr”

7. including high cliffs, exotic vegetation, breathtaking canyons

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	4	7	5	1	2

Task 73

Saint Petersburg

 A city of palaces and museums, broad avenues and narrow canals, St. Petersburg’s short history is rich in architectural and artistic treasures. Alongside world-famous attractions such as the Hermitage and St. Isaac’s Cathedral, the city has a lot of equally interesting buildings A__________. St. Petersburg is considered to be Russia’s cultural capital. It reflects the country’s extraordinary fate like no other city.

St. Petersburg is a relatively young city, by both Russian and European standards, as B__________. Despite its short life, the city has a rich history. From the early days of Peter the Great to modern times, the city has always bustled with life and intrigue.

Lying across the delta of the Neva River, St. Petersburg, the Venice of the North, is a city C__________, some of which are well-known for their unique history. Bridges are an essential part of the city’s architectural make-up. Among the city’s over 500 bridges, there are numerous technological masterpieces. The centre of the city offers vast areas of green space, D__________.

St. Petersburg is a beautiful and fascinating holiday destination and one E__________. Whether to visit the city in a romantic and snowy Russian winter F__________, visitors will be spellbound by 
St. Petersburg’s culture and beauty. 

1. that is built on hundreds of islands

2. or during the dazzling white nights in summer

3. it was only founded in 1703 by Tsar Peter the Great

4. or considering a variety of the trip accommodation offers

5. that reveal the mysterious and tragic genius of St. Petersburg

6. of the most intriguing and historically significant cities in Europe

7. including beautiful historic gardens and extensive leisure parks

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	3	1	7	6	2

Task 74

State Hermitage Museum

 The Hermitage is St. Petersburg’s most popular visitor attraction, and one of the world’s largest and most prestigious museums. It is a must-see for all first-time travellers to the city. With over 3 million items in its collection, it also rewards repeat visits, A__________ of the riches on offer here, from Impressionist masterpieces to fascinating Oriental treasures. It was estimated B__________ on display for just one minute. So many visitors prefer a guided tour to ensure C__________ highlights. Art-lovers, however, may find it more rewarding to seek out for themselves the works D__________.

The bulk of the Hermitage collection is housed in the Winter Palace, E__________. However, there are a number of other sites that constitute part of the Hermitage, including the recently opened Storage Facility in the north of St. Petersburg. It offers guided tours through some of the museum’s vast stocks. The magnificent General Staff Building opposite the Winter Palace is most famous for its central triumphal arch, F__________ Nevsky Prospekt. The General Staff Building contains a number of unique exhibitions. It includes the Modern European Art, probably the most visited section of the Hermitage with well-known collections of Picasso and Matisse, as well as a wealth of popular Impressionist paintings. 

1. that they are particularly interested in

2. that they have time to catch all the collection’s

3. and new-comers can only hope to get a brief taste

4. which brings pedestrians out on to Palace Square from

5. that one would need eleven years to view each exhibit

6. which was the official residence of the Russian emperors

7. and the exhibition was often visited by military historians

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	5	2	1	6	4

Task 75

Letniy Sad

 Letniy Sad (The Summer Garden) is a park ensemble, a monument of landscape art of the 18th century. Letniy Sad is the oldest park in St. Petersburg. The park was founded by Peter I in 1704. The Tsar dreamed of his own Versailles and drew its original plan himself. He planned to create a regular, architectural park with accurate layout and straight paths. Prominent architects and gardeners took part in its creation. The park was supposed to become a place of relaxation, A__________.

Letniy Sad is surrounded by water. Natural boundary of the park from the north and east are the Neva and Fontanka Rivers, B__________.

Peter I brought sculptures from Italy for the park and was very proud of them. In the 18th century there were more than two hundred sculptures, C__________, or moved to suburban royal residences and the Hermitage. Now Letniy Sad is decorated with 90 sculptures – copies made of artificial marble.

In May, 2012 Letniy Sad was opened after reconstruction. The reconstruction work had been going on for about three years, D__________ Letniy Sad as it was in the 18th century. Among the new items in Letniy Sad, there is the Archaeological Museum, E__________ during the restoration of the park. Visitors can take a tour of the park F__________ on Sundays. 

1. and restorers have done everything possible to keep

2. combining the features of urban and suburban estates

3. which are planned to be the centre of scientific research

4. which contains interesting objects found by archaeologists

5. but later many of them were either destroyed in the flood

6. and enjoy the exhibitions and performances of a brass band

7. and from the south and west – the Moika River and the Lebyazhiy Canal

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	7	5	1	4	6

55

Тест №01 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Christmas

B11	Christmas is the most important annual festival in both Britain and North America. In its origins, it combines the Christiancelebration of the birth of Christ, on 25 December, with the ancient tradition of a winter feast during the darkest period of the year.	CELEBRATION
B12	Christmas carols — a special kind of religious songs — are an important part of it. You may hear them countless times over the radio but it is quite different when you listen to people sing carols around you in church.	COUNT
B13	At this time, too, many carol singers make door-to-door visits to people at home, collecting money for this or that charity.	SING
B14	Many weeks before Christmas, shops start selling various Christmas cards and Christmas gifts.	VARY
B15	Shop owners decorate their shops with holly, mistletoe, candles and colourful paper chains and lanterns.	OWN
B16	All kinds of traditional Christmas food are also widely available.	WIDE

Тест №02 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Arbor Day and Earth Day

B11	The first Arbor Day took place in April, 1872 in Nebraska. It was the brainchild of Julius Sterling Morton (1832-1902), a Nebraska journalist and politician originally from Michigan.	POLITICS
B12	When he became a member of Nebraska’s state board of agriculture, he proposed that a special day be set aside dedicated to tree planting and increasing awareness of the importance of trees. Nebraska’s first Arbor Day was an amazing success.  More than one million trees were planted.	AWARE
B13	On April 22, 1970, Arbor Day activitieswere modified to emphasize the critical importance of the environment.	ACTIVE
B14	It was a time when cities were buried under their own smog and polluted rivers caught fire. Earth Day was created to remind people of their responsibility to protect the planet.	RESPONSIBLE
B15	Now Earth Day is celebrated annuallyaround the globe.	ANNUAL
B16	What started as a day of national environmental recognition has evolved into a worldwide campaign to protect our globalenvironment.	GLOBE

Тест №03 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Tourism in Britain

B11	Every year more than eleven million tourists visit Britain. Most visitors come in the summer months when they can expect good weather.	VISIT
B12	Tourists usually spend a few days in London, then go on to other well-known cities.	USUAL
B13	Perhaps the least visited places in England are old industrial towns.	INDUSTRY
B14	But many people think that nineteenth-century cities show the reality of Britain.	REAL
B15	The greatness of the past is to be still seen in their old streets.	GREAT
B16	The cheap, concrete buildings of the 1960s look old and dirty, but for the adventuroustourists these cities are full of life and colour.	ADVENTURE

Тест №04 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Australia

B11	Australia is an island continent and the world’s sixth largest country. The continent and the island of Tasmania, off its south-eastern coast, make up the Commonwealth of Australia.	SOUTH-EAST
B12	Australia is a federation of six states and two territories. The largest State, Western Australia, is about the same size as Western Europe. The country has a parliamentarysystem of administration modelled on the British one, and the state and federal structures are broadly similar.	PARLIAMENT
B13	Australia’s system of administration is based on the democratic tradition.	DEMOCRAT
B14	Australia is still a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, but although Britain’s king or queen is the Australian Head of State, Australia is fully autonomous.	FULL
B15	The British sovereign is represented by the governor-general and state governors, whose nomination for the post is ratified by the monarch of the day.	NOMINATE
B16	Ministers of the government are elected for a maximum of three years. Voting is by secret ballot and is compulsory for persons 18 years of age and over.	GOVERN

Тест №05 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Global Language

B11	It is difficult to tell exactly how many languages there are in the world today. Scientists say there are about 2,700 languages, but no one has ever made a more definite count.	SCIENCE
B12	In most countries there are at least two native languages, and in some cases — as in Cameroon — there are hundreds. The number of languages naturally changes as tribes die out or linguistic groups are absorbed.	NATURAL
B13	Nowadays, globalization influences thedevelopment of languages. New words appear, existing words acquire new meanings, native words give way to international terms.	DEVELOP
B14	Almost all languages change. A rare exception is written Icelandic, which has changed so little that speakers of modern Icelandic can read sagas written a thousand years ago.	SPEAK
B15	If you drew a map of Europe based on languages, it would be different from a conventional map. For example, Switzerland would practically disappear, becoming part of the surrounding areas of French, Italian, and German.	APPEAR
B16	Italy, too, would appear on the map not as one language, but as a whole variety of broadly related but often mutually incomprehensible dialects.	VARY

Тест №06 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

The Power of the Great Pyramid

B11	In the 18th century a large number of foreigners came to the Great Pyramid of Cheops in Egypt. One of the most powerfulpeople of that time, Napoleon Bonaparte, also visited the Pyramid.	POWER
B12	His expedition to Egypt in 1798 was not only military but archeological as well. He took with him specialists in different spheres of science. The scientist measured, explored and made many drawings of Egyptian pyramids.	SCIENCE
B13	One day Napoleon with several servantscame to the Great Pyramid of Cheops. There he wanted to be left alone.	SERVE
B14	He ordered everyone to leave him and went into the darkness alone.	DARK
B15	When he came out he was pale. ‘Are you all right, sir?’ asked the guide. Napoleon was silent. Then he said sadly, ‘Never mention this matter again. Ever!’	SAD
B16	Years later, his friend Tomblier asked him what he had seen in the Great Pyramid. Napoleon stared at Tomblier for a while, then said only two words, Something impossible!’ He never spoke about it again.	POSSIBLE

Тест №07 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Russia in space

B11	Some of the greatest and most prominent inventions in the quest to explore space have a Russian connection. The father of theoretical astronautics, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, was a Soviet. His works have been an inspiration toleading Russian rocket engineers Valentin Glushko and Sergev Korolyov.	LEAD
B12	Soviet scientists paved the way to the well-known success of the Russian space program. Sputnik I, the first artificial satellite orbiting the Earth, was launched in 1957.	SCIENCE
B13	On April 12, 1961, Yury Gagarin successfullymade the first human trip to space.	SUCCESS
B14	Since then, many other Russian and Soviet records in space exploration followed.	EXPLORE
B15	Even now, Russia continues to be the leaderin satellite launching.	LEAD
B16	It is also the sole transport provider for spacetourism/tourists. Other Soviet contributions to the development of space flights include the invention of space food, space suits, human spaceflight, and human space orbit.	TOUR

Тест №08 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Scottish inventions

B11	Do you know how the refrigerator was invented? It is one of the most importantcontributions of the Scots to the world.	CONTRIBUTE
B12	If James Harrison (1816-1893), a Scottish immigrant to Australia, didn’t accidentallypush ether gas into a metal tube, people might still be using boxes filled with blocks of ice to cool their food.	ACCIDENTAL
B13	The main problem was how to overcome the need for ice in the refrigeration process.	REFRIGERATE
B14	Ice had to be cut fresh from frozen lakes and stored inside an underground house until it was ready to be used as a cooler.	COOL
B15	Australians had difficulty gaining access tonatural ice since Australia does not enjoy that many lakes.	NATURE
B16	Harrison’s discovery was beneficial the world over, but especially important for Australia because now it could export frozen meat to Europe. He even tried one such journey to Europe, but the ether had leaked during the voyage and ruined the entire cargo. Harrison went bankrupt but his legacy meant a huge difference to the Australian economy.	DIFFER

Тест №09 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

The heart of Bangkok

B11	Bangkok is the capital of Thailand. Its numerous high-rise buildings, heavy traffic congestion, intense heat and naughty nightlife may not immediately give you the best impression.	BUILD
B12	Don’t let that mislead you.	LEAD
B13	It is one of Asia’s most cosmopolitan cities with impressive temples and palaces, authentic canals, busy markets and a vibrant nightlife that has something for everyone.	IMPRESS
B14	The heart of Bangkok is probably its magnificent Grand Palace, which is one of the architectural wonders of the world.	PROBABLE
B15	It is a collection of highly decorated holy temples and monuments.	COLLECT
B16	Its asymmetry and eclectic styles are due to its organic development, with additions and rebuilding being made by successive reigning kings over 200 years of history. It is worth spending at least a full morning or afternoon there. At night the palace is lit up and glows in vivid colour.	DEVELOP

Тест №10 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

The most important liquid on Earth

B11	Water is a vital element in each of our lives. Not only is it essential to our health, but we also use it for various household tasks. Every day we use water for cooking, bathing, and cleaning, and drinking; but how often do we think about its source?	VARY
B12	Consumers receive their water from one of two sources: a private well, or a community water system.	CONSUME
B13	Approximately 15 percent of the U.S. population relies on individually owned and operated sources of drinking water, such as wells, cisterns, and springs. The majority of household wells are found in rural areas.	INDIVIDUAL
B14	Those who receive their water from a private well are solely responsible for the safety of the water.	RESPONSE
B15	Private wells are not subject to different federal regulations and are generally regulated on a very limited basis by states.	REGULATE
B16	Local health departments may assist well owners with periodic/periodical testing for bacteria or nitrates, but the bulk of the responsibility for caring for the well falls on the well owner.	PERIOD

Тест №11 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Can animals think?

B11	In his quarters at the University of Arizona, Alex is commenting on all that he sees. “Hot!” he warns as a visitor picks up a mug of tea. Alex spots a plateful of fruit and announces his choice: “Grape.” Alex is an African grey parrot.	VISIT
B12	For the last 16 years, biologist Irene Pepperberg has been exploring the degree to which the bird understands what he is saying.	BIOLOGY
B13	Alex also communicates what appear to bevarious feelings.	VARY
B14	Are the parrot’s words merely a collection of sounds he emits when frustrated, or does this one-pound bird know what he is saying?	MERE
B15	For centuries, philosophers argued thatthinking and language separate humans from other species. Later, scientists had reason to be critical of claims concerning animal intelligence.	THINK
B16	Today innovative probes of animal intelligence have convinced most scientists that other species really share with humans some higher mental abilities.	ABLE

Тест №12 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

UK: Conservation and Environmen

B11	Going for a walk is the most popular leisure activity in Britain. Despite its high populationdensity, the UK has many unspoilt rural and coastal areas.	POPULATE
B12	Twelve National Parks are freely accessible to the public and were created to conserve thenaturalbeauty, wildlife and cultural heritage they contain.	NATURE
B13	Most of the land in National Parks is privately owned, but administered by an independent National Park Authority which works to balance the expectations of visitors with the need to conserve these open spaces for future generations.	VISIT
B14	The UK also works to improve the global environment and has taken global warmingseriously ever since specialists discovered the hole in the ozone layer.	SERIOUS
B15	In 1997, the UK subscribed to the Kyoto Protocol binding developed countries to reduce emissions of the six main greenhouse gases. The Protocol declares environmentalprotection.	PROTECT
B16	Nowadays British scientists are taking part in one of the largest international projects that is undertaken to protect endangered species.	SCIENCE

Тест №13 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Chicago from above

B11	Following a recent renovation, the new Hancock Observatory invites you to enjoy Chicago’s best views from the city’s highest open-air Skywalk. It has quickly gainedpopularity with both Chicagoans and visitors of the city.	POPULAR
B12	Skywalk is Chicago’s highest open-air viewing area. It is 1,000 feet in the air! Everyone here can feel the strong wind and hear the dynamic buzz of the city below. The friendly staff willcertainly tell the real story behind Chicago’s “Windy City” nickname.	CERTAIN
B13	For those who feel uncomfortable about such a great height there are more relaxing indoor audio Sky Tours.	COMFORT
B14	These 30-minute personal audio tours give a unique “overview” of Chicago’s wonderful sights and remarkable history! Sky Tours are available in English, Spanish and German.	REMARK
B15	History Wall is another popular attraction. More than 100 photos on a great 80-foot display show Chicago’s rise from a small settlement to a great city.	ATTRACT
B16	As a tour guide I have been to the Skywalkcountless times and still I can’t help admiring it.	COUNT

Тест №14 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Ray Bradbury

B11	Ray Douglas Bradbury is a US writer of fantasy, horror, science fiction and mystery. He is widely considered to be one of the 20thcentury’s greatest and most popular writers of science fiction.	WIDE
B12	His works have been translated into more than 40 languages and have sold tens of millions of copies in different countries. His popularitycontinues in the 21st century.	POPULAR
B13	During his long writing career, Bradbury has written almost 600 short stories, eleven novels, as well as various poems and plays.	VARY
B14	He first became famous for his Martian Chronicles, a collection of short stories concerning colonization of the planet Mars. In it, Bradbury portrayed the strengths andweaknesses of human beings as they encountered a new world.	WEAK
B15	Bradbury won countless literary awards, the most important of them coming from the National Institute of Arts and Letters.	COUNT
B16	Millions of science fiction readers all over the world are grateful to Ray Bradbury for his outstanding achievement / achievements in the field of fantasy and science fiction.	ACHIEVE

Тест №15 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Animals

B11	The importance of animals in British life is reflected in many ways. In the past, landowners liked to be portrayed with their dogs and horses. Countless pictures of this kind can be seen in art galleries and private residences.	COUNT
B12	Animals are widely used in advertising in magazines and on television.	WIDE
B13	The Royal Society for the prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) is one of the largest charities in Britain.	PREVENT
B14	RSPCA is a part of a more generalmovementin support of animal rights that has emerged recently in Britain and the USA.	MOVE
B15	Animal rights organizations use varioustactics: picketing stores that sell furs, harassing hunters in the wild, or breaking into laboratories to free animals.	VARY
B16	Their main aim is to ban the cruel treatment and killing of animals both in laboratory experiments and in factory farming. The irresponsible and neglectful treatment of animals by some zoo and pet owners is also their concern.	OWN

Тест №16 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Why do we sleep?

B11	A recent study may have an answer to one of the greatest unsolved mysteries in science — what is the purpose of sleep? The work suggests it’s really about making animals function more efficiently in their environments.	REAL
B12	Scientists from the University of California, Los Angeles, conducted a study of the sleep times of a broad range of animals. They discovered much variation.	SCIENCE
B13	You may think it impossible but some migrating birds canfly non-stop for up to 90 hours.	POSSIBLE
B14	Pythons and bats are among the longestsleepers at over 18 hours a day.	SLEEP
B15	Human babies need 16 hours and their health and intellectual development depend on sleeping properly.	DEVELOP
B16	Most of us probably feel we need around eight hours sleep to function well. Some people have difficulty/difficulties in getting enough sleep and this may lead to serious health problems.	DIFFICULT

Тест №17 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Future population

B11	The United Nations (UN) has published its prediction about the size and age of the world’s population three hundred years from now. This report can help environmentalscientists and policy-makers to understand dramatic changes in the world’s population in the future.	SCIENCE
B12	The report suggests that if the birth rates stay the same, there’ll be a huge expansion of theglobal population.	GLOBE
B13	You may think it isimpossible but three centuries from now there may be over one hundred and thirty trillion people.	POSSIBLE
B14	The report says that the world’s population is likely to be significantly older. The average age will be fifty while today it is twenty six.	SIGNIFICANT
B15	Almost a quarter of all the inhabitants of the planet will live in Africa.	INHABIT
B16	Researchers think that India, China and the United States will continue to be countries with the biggest population.	RESEARCH

Тест №18 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Invention of Potato Chips

B11	The potato chip was invented in 1853 by George Crum who was a chef at a restaurant in New York. Fried potatoes were popular at the restaurant because they were ratherinexpensive, but one day a visitor complained that the slices were too thick.	EXPENSIVE
B12	Crum made thinner slices, but the nervouscustomer was still dissatisfied.	NERVE
B13	Crum finally made fries that were too thin to eat with a fork, hoping to annoy theextremely difficult customer.	EXTREME
B14	But the customer was happy — and that was the invention of potato chips!	INVENT
B15	Industrial manufacturing of potato chips began in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1895.	INDUSTRY
B16	The chips gained even more popularity in 1926 when a wax paper potato chip bag was invented that helped to keep them fresh and crisp.	POPULAR

Тест №19 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Tourism in Australia

B11	The growth of tourism infrastructure related to the base of Ayers Rock, or Uluru began in the 1950s. Soon it started to produce adverse environmental impacts.	ENVIRONMENT
B12	It was decided in the early 1970s to remove all accommodation-related tourist facilities and re-establish them outside the park. In 1975, a reservation of 104 square kilometres of land beyond the park’s northern boundary was chosen as the site for a new resort.	RESERVE
B13	A year or two later, the development of a tourist facility and an associated airport, to be known as Yulara started.	DEVELOP
B14	The camp ground within the park was closed in 1983 and the motels closed in late 1984, coinciding with the opening of the luxurious resort. In 1992, the majority interest in the Yulara resort held by the Northern Territory government/governorwas sold and the resort was renamed Ayers Rock Resort.	GOVERN
B15	Since listing the park as a World Heritage Site, the annual number of visitors rose to over 400,000 people by the year 2000.	VISIT
B16	Increased tourism provides regional and national economic benefits. It also presents an ongoing challenge to balance conservation of cultural values and tourists’ needs.	CULTURE

Тест №20 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

The World’s Language

B11	The English language is famous for the richness of its vocabulary. Webster’s New International Dictionary lists 450,000 words, and the new Oxford English Dictionary has 615,000, but that is only part of the total. Technical and scientists terms would add millions more.	SCIENCE
B12	The wealth of existing synonyms means thatspeakers of English have two words for something denoted by one word in a different language. The French, for instance, do not distinguish between house and home, between mind and brain. The Spanish cannot differentiate a chairman from a president.	SPEAK
B13	In Russia, there are no native words for efficiency, challenge and engagement ring. Of course, every language has areas in which it needs, for practical purposes, to be more expressive than others.	PRACTICE
B14	The Eskimos have fifty words for types of snow, though there is no word for just plain snow. Naturally, African languages have no native word for snow.	NATURAL
B15	Nowadays, globalization influences thedevelopment of languages.	DEVELOP
B16	Some native words disappear, giving way to international terms.	APPEAR

Тест №21 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Entertaining guests

B11	The most usual way to entertain friends at home is to invite them for a meal, either in the evening or at lunch-time on a Sunday. When guests are invited for a meal, they often sit and chat while they have a drink before the meal, and coffee is usually served afterwards.	USUAL
B12	Several close friends are sometimes invited at once to make a small party to celebrate a birthday, a child’s coming of age or some special achievement/achievements.	ACHIEVE
B13	These parties are almost always informal, there is no dress code and in summer, when the weather is fine, people may hold a barbecue in the garden.	FORMAL
B14	Formal occasions, official receptions for foreign visitors, when written invitations are sent, rarely take place in people’s homes, although they did in the past.	INVITE
B15	The host often provides various kinds of entertainment, or at least entertains guests with interesting stories and merry jokes.	VARY
B16	The tasty meal is often followed by party games or dances which are intended to amuse or interest people in a way that gives them pleasure and make them enjoy the party.	TASTE

104

Вариант 2

3456789
1332223

Аудиотекст (Т41)

Presenter: Today in the studio we have Thomas Black, a famous screenwriter, film
producer and director. This is truly a person who knows how to tell a story. His
characters are fully formed and easy to empathize with, even when their actions are
uncomfortable for a viewer. Thomas, welcome!

Thomas Black: Thank you! It’s a pleasure being here.
Presenter: How do you manage to put so much life into your characters?
Thomas Black: When you’re in the middle of writing, it’s really like having a second

life. The people are so real. You know how they talk, how they react. They’re the
ones who guide you through the story. You have to see the world through their eyes
as you shouldn’t be ahead of them. I think the crucial point is that you shouldn’t
judge them. It’s too easy to make fun of characters so you have to really like
them.
Presenter: I want to go back to the beginning. Did you come from a creative family
where working in film was a feasible goal?
Thomas Black: No. It was an impossible thing to work in film in my family. I studied
economics, but I knew I wanted to work in film. Each time I had an internship to
do or an essay to write, I would always do it in the field of cinema. Nobody in my
family worked in film and nobody could understand it. I think it’s only after I got
my first prize that my mother started to understand what screenwriting is really
about.
Presenter: What was your first paid job in the film industry?
Thomas Black: It was in Los Angeles and I was 24. I was working at a distribution
company that distributed classic films, European films. It was a long time ago before
DVD. Nobody cared. It was at the bottom of the food chain. It was just VHS of old
films. It was a weird thing, but it was in Los Angeles so it really helped me demystify
the whole Hollywood thing. You end up in a storage room putting in VHS tapes and
dubbing newsreels and things like that. It was boring.
Presenter: A lot of the films that you’ve written have been very well-received. Do you
get sent a lot of Hollywood screenplays?
Thomas Black: I have an American agent since last year. The only thing I asked him
was — don’t send me a screenplay. I will never read them. I’ve been with him for a
year and he sent me two or three things, which is great.
Presenter: What’s the difference between being a screenwriter and a film director?
Thomas Black: You see, screenwriting is a job and directing is a state of mind. When
you’re a screenwriter, it’s like being a mechanic. You open the hood of the story, the
director is the driver, and he says there are some problems and you fix the thing.
Directing, you have to put yourself in a certain state, it’s all about the energy you
have and the energy you transmit to people, to the actors, to the crew. It’s peculiar.
There’s a Chinese saying — the first part that rots is the head. It really does. I’ve
seen it.
Presenter: One of your recent films was made in India. What was shooting in India
like?

105

Thomas Black: It was great. I really insisted on going to India. I really wanted to go
to India. I had no idea if we would have the money — it’s further away and it’s ex-
pensive. The crews are great. It’s a different way of seeing cinema, but everybody
is very creative. They’re very dedicated, they’re very happy to work on a European
film. The light was great. It was exactly what we wanted. It’s a part of the film. It’s
history and geography and both of them were important in the film.

Presenter: Thank you, Thomas.

Раздел 2. ЧТЕНИЕ

Задание 10

Учимся выполнять задание 10

ABCDE FG

4635827

Подготовительные упражнения к заданию 10
1. 1. Цель чтения — извлечение информации из текста в нужном объёме в соот-

ветствии с коммуникативной задачей.
2. В ЕГЭ используются следующие виды чтения:

• чтение с пониманием основной информации. Его цель — общее понимание
того, о чём идет речь в тексте;
• чтение с пониманием запрашиваемой/нужной информации. Его цель — по-
нимание структурно-смысловых связей в прочитанном тексте;
• чтение с полным (детальным) пониманием информации. Его цель — полное
и точное понимание всей информации в тексте.
3. В разделе «Чтение» используются следующие типы заданий: с кратким ответом
(на установление соответствий, базовый и повышенный уровень) и с выбором
ответа из четырёх предложенных (высокий уровень).
4. Сначала следует ознакомиться с инструкцией и условиями задания. Во время
чтения — отмечать вероятные правильные ответы. После прочтения текста —
ещё раз просмотреть задание и выявить ответы, которые вызывали сомнение. Во
второй раз во время чтения нужно проверить правильность ответов и выполнить
пропущенные тестовые задания. После второго чтения следует выяснить, все ли
задания выполнены, проверить правильность ответов и занести их в бланк отве-
тов.
2. 1 — C; 2 — А; 3 — B.
3. Речь пойдёт о туристических достопримечательностях города.
4. 2.
5. Тема: каникулы, отдых, путешествия (holiday travelling).

Text A
Millions of people all over the world spend their holidays travelling. They travel to
see other countries and continents, modern cities and the ruins of ancient towns.
Some travel to enjoy picturesque places or just for a change of scene. It’s always
interesting to try different food, to listen to different musical rhythms. Those who live
in the country like to travel to a big city, while city-dwellers usually prefer spend-
ing a quiet holiday by the sea or in the mountains, with nothing to do but walk and
bathe.

106

Text B
Last year my brother and I went to Turkey. We stayed in quite a nice hotel right
near the coast. This trip left the best impression on me, we took advantage of the
excellent weather and went on different tours, for example, rafting. Our trip to the
mountains was fantastic! The views were unbelievable. We visited many museums
and art galleries. My brother visited a really beautiful zoo and took many photos. We
enjoyed our trip very much.

Text C
Most people who spend a holiday travelling take a camera with them and pho-
tograph anything that interests them — sights of a city, views of mountains, lakes,
waterfalls, men and women, children, ruins of ancient buildings, and even birds and
animals. Later looking through their albums they will remember the happy time
they have had, the islands, countries and cities they have seen.

6. A — 4; B — 1; C — 2.

7.
А. Are there things you enjoyed as a child that you might still enjoy as an adult?

Maybe you had a fantastic record collection, loved to make clothes for your dolls
or were always out on your bike. Those are all things you could pick up again as
an adult that would make great hobbies. Or there may be hobbies in your home
right now that you started but have recently forgotten about. Maybe it’s time to
finish that crochet project or pick up the guitar again.

B. If you’re adding a new thing into your life, you have to take time and focus away
from something else. The good news is that most of us have a lot of time we’re
not using well, either because we’re spending a lot of time online or watching TV or
just wasting time we could be spending on our hobbies. See if you can spend
a half hour or so every other day to explore your interest. This way it would
be best in case you find that hobby isn’t for you after all.

C. Hobbies provide work-free and responsibility-free time in your schedule. This can
be especially useful for people who feel stressed by all that they have to do and
need to recharge their batteries. For some of us it may be difficult to give ourselves
permission to just sit and relax. Having a hobby, however, can provide a break and
help people feel that they’re not just ‘sitting around’ but are using their free time
for something productive.

8. А — 2; B — 4; C — 1.

9.
А. For true sports fans

Soccer tourism has been around for a few decades but back in the 1980s it was seen
(and probably actually was to some extent) as a form of “hooliganism”. Nowadays,
soccer tourism is considered one of the most profitable forms of tourism. It usually
involves individuals who travel to different cities and countries to see their favourite
teams’ museums and trophies or follow them in their international matches.

B. Tasty tourism
Many people may have a problem understanding the difference between culinary
tourism and ordinary tourism since tasting as many local dishes as possible is a must

107

for the average tourist. But there are lots of people who visit a place exclusively
for its food and everything related to eating. Plus, in culinary tourism dining out
seems to be the equivalent of having cocktails and partying in everyday tourism so
there are a few differences after all.

C. Immigration tourism

If you’re a European citizen over 25, then there’s a good chance you remember this
term, which in reality was politically motivated. The phrase “benefit tourism” was in-
vented in the 1990s. It was later used for the perceived threat that a huge number of
citizens from the new, poorer nations who were given membership in the EU would
move to the richer states such as France or Sweden to benefit from their social
welfare systems rather than work.

D. Appealing to all fans

Tolkien tourism has become a growing trend thanks to the huge success of the
“Lord of the Rings” books and films. It has expanded and diversified to such an extent
that now it offers enough places to visit so that even the most detailed curiosity of
the most demanding Tolkien fan is sure to be satisfied. That makes New Zealand the
best hotspot because it’s the main location where the films were shot.

Тренируемся в выполнении задания 10
Вариант 1

ABCDE FG
3614275

Вариант 2

Text A Text B Text C Text D Text E Text F Text G
3 8 1 6 5 7 4

Задание 11
Учимся выполнять задание 11

ABCDE FG

5241736

Подготовительные упражнения к заданию 11
1. 1. Цель задания 11 — понять в прочитанном тексте структурно-смысловые связи

текста.
2. Задание 11 проверяет умения:

• понять в прочитанном тексте структурно-смысловые связи текста;
• игнорировать ненужную информацию;
• извлекать из текста необходимую информацию;
• выявлять реферируемые слова.
3. Для задания 11 используется тест с кратким ответом (на установление соот-
ветствий).
4. Для задания 11 используются публицистические и научно-популярные тексты.
5. За задание 11 можно получить 6 баллов.

108

2. А — предлог; В — существительное; С — существительное; D — глагол; E — су-
ществительное или герундий.

3. 1. This is the hat that Mary bought in London last week.
2. Peter did what he could.
3. Jane told me that she wanted to invite Harry for dinner.
4. Olga has already read the book that I bought yesterday.
5. He was a man who meant what he said.
6. I don’t know what delayed the flight.
7. I don’t know whose project to choose, Mary’s or Peter’s.
8. I don’t know whose handwriting it was.
9. The teacher wasn’t surprised at what he saw in the room.

10. My father, who is 46, is a doctor.
11. They say that they received the letter last Friday.
12. It was Captain Jones who told me of Mr Crown’s misfortunes.
13. Felix decided that he’d better stop smoking.
14. I had to find out what he was after.
4. 1. During the nineteenth century, Britain built up an empire of colonies which

stretched into every continent.
2. It was said that the sun never set on the British Empire, so at any time of the

day the sun was always shining on a British colony somewhere in the world.
3. In the nineteenth century Britain received large numbers of new immigrants who

came over to escape from starvation.
4. Unfortunately, immigrants found a very different reality when they arrived in Britain.
5. In 1971 the Commonwealth Immigration Act restricted the number of new im-

migrants, although one exception was made in 1972.
6. The House of Commons has 651 seats which were occupied by Members of

Parliament (MPs) who elected by the British Parliament.
7. The Queen, who is the Head of the State, opens and closes the Parliament.
8. There are 651 Members of Parliament in Britain, but the Chamber of the House

of Commons is quite small.
9. The House of Commons has a chairman, called the Speaker whose job is to

keep the House in order.
10. The most important MPs sit on the front benches and are therefore called

frontbenchers.
11. The ministers of Government sit on the front bench to the right, while the Op-

position frontbenchers sit on the left.
12. As leaders of their political [arties and leaders of the country, Prime Ministers

are powerful and important people.

*5. Возможные ответы:

1. Moira Smith was an unusual woman who had many interesting and exciting ad-
ventures.

2. When Moira was seventy-nine years old, she completed her twenty-eighth trip,
hiking through mountain passes that are above twelve thousand feet.

3. It was my graduation day when I received their answer.
4. My heart was beating heavily when I was opening the envelope.
5. Luckily, one of my best friends is a prize-winning photographer who has taken

many excellent pictures of my raccoons.
6. Did you see the letter which came today?
7. He is fluent in French though he has never been to France.

109

6. How much do you know about the early history of England? About three thousand
years B.C. many parts of Europe, including the British Isles, were inhabited by a people,
(1) who came to be known as the Iberians. We do not know much about these people
(2) because they lived in Britain long before a word of their history was written, (3) but
we can learn something from their weapons, tools and the remains of their dwellings
(4) which have been found.

We know more about the Celts (5) than about the earlier inhabitants of the island,
(6) because of the written accounts (7) that exist. The Celts did not write down the
events themselves. Other people (8) who knew them described them in their books. The
Greeks were the first to mention the British Isles. It is from the Greek books (9) that
we know about the Phoenicians, (10) who were great sailors and traders even before
the Greeks. They travelled as far as the shores of Britain.

The earliest writer from (11) whom we have learned much about the country and its
inhabitants was Julius Caesar, the famous Roman general, states man and writer. In his
Commentaries on the Gallic War, a book (12) which was written in Latin, he describes
the island and the Celts against (13) whom he fought. He tells us (14) that the Celts
were tall and blue-eyed. They wore long flowing moustaches (15) but no beards. The
lived in tribes (16) and were ruled by chiefs (17) whom all the tribesmen obeyed.

7. А — there is nothing better — союз than…; В — from sandy stretches extending —
существительное; С — accompanied — by + существительное.

8. 9.

ABC ABC
341 134

Тренируемся в выполнении задания 11

Вариант 1 Вариант 2

ABCDE F ABCDE F
417235 36275 1

Задания 12—18
Учимся выполнять задания 12—18

12 13 14 15 16 17 18
4221221

Подготовительные упражнения к заданиям 12—18

1. 1. Цель заданий 12—18 — извлечь полную и точную (детальную) информацию из
текста.

2. Уровень сложности заданий 12—18 — высокий.
3. Задания 12—18 проверяют следующие умения:

• извлекать из текста полную и точную (детальную) информацию:
— ключевые слова;
— важные детали;
— аргументы;
— примеры;

110

• отделять главную информацию от второстепенной;
• игнорировать незнакомые слова;
• игнорировать ненужную информацию.
4. Для заданий 12—18 используется тест с множественным выбором ответа из
четырёх предложенных вариантов.
5. Для заданий 12—18 используются художественные или публицистические тек-
сты.
6. За задания 12—18 можно получить 7 баллов.

2.

Основная информация Второстепенная Детали
информация

This could be the future of Frustrated, he opens the an 11-year-old boy
American education game’s programming window, taps furiously
changes the gravity setting, and last September in Manhattan
The Quest to Learn school this time beats the baddies
opened … the first class of
sixth-graders who will learn an educational strategy de-
almost entirely through video- signed to keep kids engaged
game-inspired activities

prepare them for high-tech ca-
reers

3. Возможные вопросы к основной информации:
1. What example does the author give the readers to demonstrate the possible future
of American education?
2. How the sixth-graders will learn in the Quest to Learn school?
3. Why do you think the school is called the Quest to Learn school?

Возможные вопросы к второстепенной информации:
1. Why did the boy open the game’s programming window?
2. Why was the boy frustrated?
3. Was the educational strategy designed to keep kids engaged?

Возможные вопросы к деталям:
1. How old was the boy who was playing the videogame?
2. When was the Quest to Learn school opened?
3. Where is the school located?
4. Why do you think the boy was tapping furiously on the laptop?

4. Возможные ответы к вопросам по основной информации:
1. The author refers to the Quest to Learn school.
2. They will learn entirely through videogame-inspired activities.
3. The school is called so because the sixth-graders will learn entirely through video-
game-inspired activities.

Возможные ответы к вопросам по второстепенной информации:
1. He opened it to change the gravity setting.
2. He was frustrated because he was losing the game.
3. It was designed both to keep kids engaged and prepare them for high-tech ca-

reers.

111

Возможные ответы к вопросам по деталям:
1. He was 11 years old.
2. It was opened last September.
3. It is located in Manhattan.
4. He wanted to wipe his video enemies out before he could reach the end of the

game.

5. 1 — 1; 2 — 2.
6. 13 — 2, 14 — 2.
7. 15 — 1, 16 — 3.
8. 17 — 2, 18 — 3.
9. 1 — 4; 2 — 2; 3 — 1.
10. Возможный ответ: 1.

Тренируемся в выполнении заданий 12—18

Вариант 1

12 — 1; 13 — 3; 14 — 2; 15 — 1; 16 — 4; 17 — 3; 18 — 2.

Вариант 2

12 — 3; 13 — 4; 14 — 3; 15 — 2; 16 — 1; 17 — 4; 18 — 2.

Раздел 3. ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА

Учимся выполнять задания 19—25

19 — is loved; 20 — have seen; 21 — mice; 22 — first; 23 — them; 24 — couldn’t/
couldnot; 25 — stood.

Подготовительные упражнения к заданиям 19—25

1. 1. Овладеть грамматикой означает знать форму и значение грамматического
явления, употребление и речевую функцию того или иного грамматического
явления.

2. Цель раздела «Грамматика и лексика» — проверка владения навыками ис-
пользования грамматических и лексических средств в связных текстах.

3. В разделе «Грамматика и лексика» используются задания с кратким ответом
и с множественным выбором из четырёх вариантов ответа. Цель заданий
19—25 — проверка навыков использования грамматических форм в комму-
никативно значимом контексте.

4. В заданиях 19—25 от экзаменуемого требуется преобразовать, если необ-
ходимо, предлагаемые слова так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали
содержанию текстов, и заполнить пропуски полученными словами.

5. Перед тем как вставлять пропущенные слова, надо сначала прочитать весь текст.
6. Заменить слово в пропуске синонимом нельзя.
7. Ответ с орфографической ошибкой засчитан не будет.
8. Ответ с американской орфографией будет засчитан.
9. Составные формы глаголов в бланке ответов № 1 следует писать без пробелов.
10. Составные формы глаголов в бланке ответов № 1 лучше давать в полной форме.
2. 1. В английском языке существуют: имя существительное (the Noun), имя при-

лагательное (the Adjective), имя числительное (the Numeral), местоимение (the
Pronoun), глагол (the Verb), наречие (the Adverb), предлог (the Preposition),
союз (the Conjunction), междометие (the Interjection).

112

2. Одну грамматическую форму имеют предлоги, союзы и междометия, остальные
части речи являются изменяемыми.

3. В заданиях 19—25 проверяется значение грамматических форм существитель-
ных, прилагательных, глаголов, наречий, местоимений; количественных и по-
рядковых числительных.

3. Образование и употребление множественного числа существительных, степеней
сравнения прилагательных и наречий, множественного числа указательных ме-
стоимений, личных местоимений, притяжательных местоимений (в том числе их
абсолютных форм и форм объектного падежа), возвратных местоимений, поряд-
ковых числительных, личных (видо-временных) и неличных (причастие I и II, ге-
рундий) форм глаголов.

4. Read — глагол, grammar — существительное, usually — наречие, hers — место-
имение в абсолютной форме, job — существительное, on — предлог, child —
существительное, bright — прилагательное, through — предлог, think — глагол,
nine — числительное, their — местоимение, already — наречие, better — при-
лагательное good в сравнительной степени, present — существительное/глагол,
behind — предлог/наречие, it — местоимение, this — местоимение, good — при-
лагательное. Дважды дано прилагательное good — в положительной степени (на-
чальная форма) и в сравнительной степени better.

5. Family — families, postman — postmen, leaf — leaves, belief — beliefs, toy — toys,
tooth — teeth, sheep — sheep, photo — photos, wife — wives, child — children,
country — countries, potato — potatoes, hero — heroes, story — stories, key —
keys, wolf — wolves, ox — oxen, crisis — crises, datum — data, bookcase —
bookcases, father-in-law — fathers-in-law, mouse — mice, bath — baths, foot —
feet.

6. 1. It was so dark that we could hardly see anything in front of us.
2. The doctor usually came to his office at 9 o’clock.
3. From my place I could watch the people eating their lunch.
4. Whenever we visit my mother, she cooks us a big meal.
5. I hope we both remember the day when we talked about our plans.
6. I borrowed this book from you long ago. This book is yours.
7. There are some people in the office. Do you hear them talking? Do you rec-
ognize their voices?
8. Did you meet your friends on your way? They left a minute ago.
9. I met my sister at the station. Her face was happy.

10. It’s an old house but its roof is new.
11. He took the initiative and spoke himself to everyone he knew.

7. 1. Dogs are more intelligent than cats.
2. Nancy found the work easier than she had expected.
3. Kate talks more/less slowly than Helen.
4. Sally is the quietest person in our class.
5. He studies worse than his sister.
6. Ann writes more/less carefully than William.
7. They speak Chinese better than me.
8. It’s the biggest risk I’ve ever had to take.
9. I don’t think it matters in the least which film to choose.

10. The farther we swam into the sea, the more beautiful the shore looked.
11. I wish you further success!
12. This story is the funniest in the book.

113

8. One — first, two — second, three — third, four — fourth, five — fifth, six — sixth,
twelve — twelfth, eighteen — eighteenth, twenty-four — twenty-fourth, fifty-five —
fifty-fifth, hundred — hundredth, two hundred and thirty-nine — two hundred and
thirty-ninth.

9.

The Present Simple Tense The Present Continuous Tense

Используется: Используется:
1) для описания действий и состояний, проис- 1) для описания действий и состояний, проис-
ходящих обычно, постоянно и регулярно: ходящих в данный момент, момент речи или

I always eat a big breakfast. в данный период времени и представленных
как процесс:
I never get up before 7 a.m.
Now I’m reading a modern novel.
He doesn’t go to work on Sundays.
2) для сообщения о том, что нам хорошо из- We’re studying geometry this term.
вестно (констатация фактов): 2) для описания картин, фотографий или со-
бытий, которые мы наблюдаем в момент речи:
We live in Russia.
Look! Kate is dancing!
Moscow is the capital of the Russian Federation.
In this photo we are playing voleyball on the

beach in the Crimea.

10.

The Present Simple Tense The Present Continuous Tense

often, usually, always, sometimes, never, ever, at the moment, today, now, this morning/after-

every day/month/year, etc. noon, etc.

11.

The Present Perfect Tense The Past Simple Tense

Используются: 1) для описания действий и состояний, которые
1) для описания действий и состояний, кото- совершились в определённый момент в про-
рые совершились в неопределённый момент шлом:
в прошлом:
I was in the USA last year.
I have been to the USA. 2) для описания действий и состояний, которые
2) для описания действий и состояний, которые происходили в прошлом, не имеют непосред-

начались в прошлом и продолжаются в на- ственной связи с настоящим и мыслятся как
полностью принадлежащие прошлому:
стоящий момент или непосредственно свя-
заны с настоящим: She worked at this school for three years. Now

She has worked at this school for 3 years. She she is a TV star.

is still working there. I asked for his photo and he sent it immediately.

I’ve asked for his photo and he’s immediately After that we met and I recognized him at once.

sent it. I’ve got his photo now.

12.

The Present Perfect Tense The Past Simple Tense

already, always, just, ever, never, yet, since (с, yesterday, last night/week/month/year, a minute

с тех пор как), how long (сколько времени) ago, then, when, in 2010, two centuries ago

13. 1. You’d better take your umbrella. It’s raining hard.
2. Young girls often go to a dance.
3. Emily always tells the truth.

114

4. Where is Ann? She is watching TV.
5. Bill is trying to improve his English.
6. Louise has worked at this firm for five years. She is still working there.
7. We study different subjects at school. This term we are studying British stud-

ies.
8. I have not seen him lately.
9. If the weather does not keep fine, we won’t go to the country.
10. You know, I am going away tonight.
11. “You have spoilt everything,” she said.
12. I have written Jim, so he knows what is happening now.

14. 1. It’s raining now. It has not rained since last Monday. Do you know how long
it will rain today?

2. When she arrived, it was raining.
3. When it rains/is raining, she is always gloomy.
4. If it rains tomorrow, we’ll stay at home.
5. He said he would not come if it rained the next day.

15. 1. This club is run by the students.
2. We often eat fried potatoes with fish.
3. Fried potatoes are often eaten with fish.
4. Everything was settled twenty minutes after I arrived there.
5. Uncle Porter was not liked by my mother’s family, they thought him im-
polite.
6. Jane said she had not been taught anything yet.
7. The news will be announced after dinner.
8. She closed the door softly and went straight to the telephone.
9. The door closed and there was silence in the room.

10. The door opened and the doctor was shown in.
11. I was not been given a chance to explain.
12. This singer was loved by millions and hated only by a handful.
13. I am/was told that his new house will/would be finished soon.
14. He told me that he had been offered a well-paid job at school.
15. She could feel she was being looked at and it pleased her.

16. 1. There is a table and two chairs near the window.
2. He was the tallest boy in our class.
3. She must do these exercises at home.
4. The train arrives at 3 p.m. sharp.
5. He has worked at this firm for 5 years.
6. When he arrives, I’ll tell him the truth.
7. He was asked by his manager to give a presentation of his new book.
8. When I entered, they were discussing our trip to Suzdal.
9. She was more/less beautiful than her sister.

10. I haven’t seen him since childhood.
11. Wrapped in an old blanket, Grace sat up in her bed.
12. I knew from a very early age that I wanted to be a pilot, and my parents warned

me that it would be a hard life.
13. I suggest going hiking.
14. Why should we follow your advice?
15. Jill has not decided which department at university to apply for yet.

115

17. 1 — is located; 2 — fifteenth; 3 — smaller; 4 — became.

Тренируемся в выполнении заданий 19—25

Вариант 1
19 — better; 20 — using; 21 — its; 22 — was told; 23 — sat; 24 — did not appear/
didn’t appear/had not appeared/hadn’t appeared; 25 — had dined/ ’d dined.

Вариант 2
19 — was flying/flew; 20 — had already been taken; 21 — is reserved; 22 — nineteenth;
23 — have left/left; 24 — will follow/would follow/follow/followed; 25 — themselves.

Задания 26—31

Учимся выполнять задания 26—31
26 — traveller/traveler; 27 — truly; 28 — buildings; 29 — exciting; 30 — mysterious;
31 — direction.

Подготовительные упражнения

1. В заданиях 26—31 проверяются навыки использования различных способов сло-
вообразования в cвязном тексте. Надо знать префиксы и суффиксы существи-
тельных, прилагательных, наречий и глаголов и уметь их использовать для об-
разования родственных слов.

2. 3.

1234 1234
CADB CDBA

4. Unhappy — прилагательное; inattentive — прилагательное; unhappiness — суще-
ствительное; impolite — прилагательное; incomplete — прилагательное; unhappily —
наречие; incorrect — прилагательное; unable — прилагательное; inactive —
прилагательное; uncertain — прилагательное; immobility — существительное;
informal — прилагательное; impossible — прилагательное; uncomfortable — прила-
гательное; immature — прилагательное; unfriendly — наречие; inaccurate — при-
лагательное; unkind — прилагательное.

5.

Префикс прилагательных Примеры использования

inter- international, interactive, interchangeable, inter-
continental, interdisciplinary
Остальные префиксы
Примеры использования
re- (повторное действие)
mis- (действие, выполненное ошибочно, непра- to reread, to rebuild, to rewrite
вильно) to misunderstand, to mispronounce, to misspell,
dis- (действие, противоположное тому, которое to misbehave
выражено глагольной основой) to dislike, to disagree, to disappear, to disapprove,
to discover

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6. polite — impolite advantage — disadvantage
reasonable — unreasonable punctual — unpunctual
agree — disagree expensive — inexpensive
reliable — unreliable friendly — unfriendly
fortunately — unfortunately different — indifferent
experienced — inexperienced possible — impossible

1. They say Pat is an unreliable person, but I trust her completely.
2. John is always rude and impolite.
3. Lizzie is an inexperienced cook. Her dishes are always tasteless.
4. He always disagrees with her. He agrees only with his father.
5. He is always late. He is an unpunctual person.
6. He wanted to get to know his new relatives because he didn’t want them to

think he was unfriendly.
7. She had little money, so she decided to buy something inexpensive for her

child.
8. The disadvantage of watching films on TV is the small size of the screen.
9. I think it’s very unreasonable of him to expect us to work overtime every

night this week.
10. Some people are indifferent to their surroundings.
11. Unfortunately, he failed his exam yesterday.
12. The accident made it impossible for him to work.

7. 1. unable; 2. unacceptable; 3. unaware; 4. uncomfortable; 5. incomplete; 6. incor-
rect; 7. incredible; 8. unimportant; 9. unknown; 10. informal.

8. 1. The idea to create a Memorial Complex devoted to the heroic defenders
of the Motherland from Nazi invaders appeared during the Great Patriotic
War.

2. In 1944, several deans of Moscow churches were awarded with the medal “For
the Defence/Defense of Moscow”.

3. In Nazi generals’ view, it was only due to bad weather that the Mozhaisk de-
fensive line was not taken quickly.

4. We need to defend democracy.
5. They find the defendant not guilty.
6. A defensible building is easy to protect.
7. This is a morally indefensible prison system.

9. 26 — actually; 27 — numerous; 28 — fighter; 29 — dishonest.

10. 26 — humorous; 27 — affectionately; 28 — writing/writings; 29 — wonderful;
30 — friendship; 31 — divisions/division.

11. 26 — appearance; 27 — unrest; 28 — movement; 29 — mysterious; 30 — sculp-
tor; 31 — gloriously/glorious.

Тренируемся в выполнении заданий 26—31

Вариант 1
26 — arguments; 27 — normal; 28 — independence; 29 — activities; 30 — guidance;
31 — angrily.

Вариант 2
26 — tourists; 27 — archeological; 28 — stormy; 29 — unmelodious; 30 — practically;
31 — diggers.

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Задания 32—38

Учимся выполнять задания 32—38
32 — 4; 33 — 1; 34 — 2; 35 — 1; 36 — 3; 37 — 4; 38 — 4.

Подготовительные упражнения к заданиям 32—38

1. В заданиях 32—38 проверяются навыки использования лексических единиц в
связном тексте. Надо знать значения слов и уметь использовать их согласно кон-
тексту, лексической сочетаемости и в соответствии с грамматическими прави-
лами. Важно различать синонимы, знать устойчивые словосочетания и основные
фразовые глаголы.

2.

Глаголы говорения Глаголы «видения» Глаголы начала Глаголы окончания
действия действия
to say to see
to tell to stare to begin to finish
to speak to look to start to end
to talk to glance to initiate to stop
to chat to glare to launch to close
to open to conclude

3. 1. Annie said that she didn’t like the concert.
2. “I was bored,” she said.
3. She said that to all her friends.
Глагол to say (сказать кому-либо что-либо) вводит и завершает прямую речь, мо-

жет вводить придаточное предложение. Если необходимо сказать, кому адресованы
слова, то после глагола to say используется предлог to.

4. 1. The mother told her children that they would go to bed in five minutes.
2. “Please tell us a story,” Peter asked.
3. Later in life, Peter told his mother’s stories to his own children.
Глагол to tell (рассказать кому-либо что-либо) требует после себя прямого допол-

нения, которое может обозначать адресата, того, кому адресована речь без пред-
лога to. Глагол to tell может также использоваться с прямым дополнением, которое
обозначает предмет разговора. В этом случае перед адресатом будет стоять пред-
лог to.

5. 1) to look, to glance, to glare, to see, to stare, to peep — to see
Лишнее слово — to see, так как оно означает способность видеть или замечать

что-либо, в то время как остальные глаголы обозначают целенаправленное дей-
ствие — «направить свой взгляд на что-либо с целью увидеть это».

2) to begin, to start, to commence, to launch, to cease — to cease
Лишнее слово — to cease, так как оно означает прекращение действия, в то время
как остальные глаголы означают начало действия.

3) to expect, to wait, to hope, to believe, to think, to suppose — to wait
Лишнее слово — to wait, так как оно не может использоваться в качестве вводных
слов, в то время как остальные глаголы могут.

118

4) surprised, astonished, amazed, depressed, puzzled — depressed
Лишнее слово — depressed, так как оно имеет значение «состояние депрессии»,
в то время как остальные слова выражают разную степень удивления.

5) to reach, to achieve, to gain, to lead, to attain, to get — to lead
Лишнее слово — to lead, так как оно имеет значение «вести за собой, руководить»,
в то время как основное значение остальных глаголов — «достигать».

6) to chase, to trace, to follow, to seek, to pursue, to hunt — to seek
Лишнее слово — to seek, так как оно имеет значение «искать», в то время как
основное значение остальных глаголов — «преследовать».

6. 1. Barbara had so many admirers that she didn’t whom to choose.
2. Each semester students are required to select five or six courses.
3. President of the USA is elected every four years.
4. A year has passed since Richard proposed to Kate and she still hasn’t given
him any answer.
5. I suggest we put off considering this question until Mr Brown arrives.
6. He offered to give her a lift.
7. It was the worst thing that had ever happened to him.
8. This conversation was reported to have occurred yesterday at 5 p.m.
9. Why is it important to find the right job?

10. She tried many jobs but finally chose career of an accountant.
11. We bought a small house with the view of the mountains.
12. The mere sight of the cobra made her sick.
13. Do you believe in love at first glance?
14. He could recognize her in the photo at a glance.

7. 1. This ball was generally an annual affair.
2. He was very tired and wished the day’s business was over so he could go
home.
3. “Mind your own business,” she said loudly.
4. It’s the concern of the police to find the criminal.
5. That of course is a matter of opinion.
6. You want John to take the blame.
7. They say it was the boy’s fault.
8. He could not prove my guilt for the accident.
9. He rose to his feet and followed me.

10. He raised her to her feet and made her sit down.
11. Arguments arose.
12. My sister’s scream aroused me this morning.

8.

Make Do Have Take

the bed, suggestion, homework, the shop- an exam, a meal, a part, place, care, no-
a party, a career, ping, the laundry, a cold, a rest, a look, a tice, notes, bus, the
friends, a promise, a favour, your best, sleep trouble
call, a cake, a profit, dishes, wonders, one’s
mistakes, an excuse hair, harm, well

9. 1 — c; 2 — f; 3 — d; 4 — b; 5 — g; 6 — a.

119

10. 1. There is only one scent that will get through a brick wall, and that is the
scent of an onion.

2. He got on the bus in a small out-of-the-way village.
3. She has to get up early.
4. I can’t get over how rude she was.
5. Do you get along with your boss?
6. I think the problem can be got over without too much difficulty.
7. We got through a fortune while we were on holiday!

11. 1. We got off immediately after breakfast.
2. Police warned bystanders to keep away from the blazing building.
3. I don’t hold with his views on education.
4. He was homeless, so we took him in.
5. She kept/got on working although she was tired.
6. The plane took off despite the fog.
7. She turned away in horror at the sight of so much blood.
8. The rain held off just long enough for us to have our picnic.
9. They have turned off the water while they mend a burst pipe.

10. She is always holding up her children as models of behaviour.
11. A vast crowd turned out to watch the match.
12. Workers’ incomes are not keeping up with inflation.

12. 1. Our neighbours are looking after the garden while we are away.
2. We shall be looking for an improvement in your work this term.
3. The doctor will look in again this evening.
4. Passers-by were just looking on as the man was viciously attacked.
5. She looked around when she heard the noise behind her.
6. Do look me up the next time you are in Moscow.
7. What dress shall I put on for the party?
8. The government is putting through some radical social reforms.
9. He entered the room and turned the light on.

10. He has a fair amount of money put by.

13. 1. What time are you planning to set off tomorrow?
2. Her clear and elegant prose set her apart from most other journalists.
3. The rain stopped and the sun came out.
4. He is very ill but doctors expect him to come through.
5. What country do you come from?
6. The reporters took down the speech.
7. My father is very tall and I take after him.
8. He finds it hard to say what he feels.
9. How many countries will be taking part in the World Cup?

10. I was tired last night so I spent the evening watching television.

14. Возможный ответ: This is a fairy tale. There are many flowers in a garden. All of
them are beautiful and have a nice smell. People like these flowers, but no one
likes Molly the Cactus. Other flowers make fun of her. But Molly turns out a good
friend and saves little Rose’s bud by giving her some water. Molly the Cactus
teaches other flowers an important lesson. It doesn’t matter what you look like,
it’s important what you do.

120

15.

to do to make to have to take

to do sb good, to do to make a decision, to to have an exam, to to take advantage of,
sb a favour, to do/ make an agreement, have a meal, to have to take part in sth,
work to do wonders/ to make the bed, to a cold, to have a rest, to take place, to take
miracles, to do sb a make a suggestion, to have a look, to have care, to take notice,
good/bad turn, to do to make a party, to a sleep, to have pa- to take notes, to take
homework, to do the make a career, to tience, to have a talk, a bus, to take the
shopping/the laundry, make friends, to make to have a good time, trouble, to take to bed,
to do one’s best, to a promise, to make a to have an accident to take control, to take
do dishes, to do one’s call, to make a cake, to things easy
hair, to do harm, to do make a profit, to make
one’s duty a mistake, to make an
excuse, to make fun of
sb, to make a fuss, to
make an impression,
to make progress

16. Ответ: 4.

В прошлом году — last year В прошлом веке — in the last century

Три года тому назад — three years ago Позавчера — the day before yesterday

Рано утром — early in the morning Послезавтра — the day after tomorrow

Поздно вечером — late at night Давно — long ago

17. Ответ: 4.

1. Johnny was not ready for the lesson. Moreover, he didn’t know what the task

was.

2. We have to finish the work by 5 o’clock, otherwise we’ll be late for the

train.

3. Although it was late at night, there were a lot of people in the streets.

4. It was late at night, however, there were a lot of people in the streets.

18. 35 — for; 36 — of; 37 — apologize; 38 — looks.

19. 32 — 4; 33 — 3.

20. 34 — 3; 35 — 4; 36 — 4; 37 — 1; 38 — 2.

21. 32 — 1; 33 — 4; 34 — 2; 35 — 4; 36 — 2; 37 — 3; 38 — 3.

Тренируемся в выполнении заданий 32—38

Вариант 1
32 — 2; 33 — 3; 34 — 1; 35 — 2; 36 — 4; 37 — 3; 38 — 1.

Вариант 2
32 — 3; 33 — 2; 34 — 1; 35 — 2; 36 — 1; 37 — 4; 38 — 4.

Раздел 4. ПИСЬМО

Задание 39
Подготовительные упражнения к заданию 39

1. 1. Письменная речь — это продуктивный вид речевой деятельности, обеспечива-
ющий выражение мыслей в графической форме.

2. Цель письменной речи — передача с помощью графических знаков информа-
ции на расстоянии и закрепление её во времени.

121

3. Продукты письменной речи: выписки из текста, открытка, анкета, записи
в дневнике, личное и деловое письмо, изложение, сочинение, статья, рефе-
рат, аннотация, рецензия, отчёт и т. д.

4. В ЕГЭ используются: личное письмо и письменное высказывание с элемен-
тами рассуждения «Моё мнение». Цель личного письма — ответ на письмо
друга по переписке в соответствии с коммуникативной задачей, поставленной
в задании. Цель письменного высказывания с элементами рассуждения — вы-
сказывание и аргументирование своего мнения по предложенной теме/про-
блеме.

5. В разделе «Письмо» используются тестовые задания с развёрнутым ответом
и свободно конструируемым ответом.

6. При оценивании личного письма используются три критерия: решение комму-
никативной задачи, организация текста, языковое оформление текста.

7. При оценивании письменного высказывания с элементами рассуждения ис-
пользуются пять критериев: решение коммуникативной задачи, организация
текста, лексика, грамматика, орфография и пунктуация.

8. За личное письмо можно получить 6 баллов, за письменное высказывание с
элементами рассуждения — 14 баллов.

2. 1 — h; 2 — d; 3 — g; 4 — b; 5 — f; 6 — a; 7 — c; 8 — e.
3. Краткие формы (I’ve, didn’t, he’ll и т. д.).
4.

Dear Richard,
Dear Aunt Mary,
Dear Alice,

5.

Love,
Best wishes,
Yours,
Much love,
All the best,

6. a) 5 слов; b) 11 слов; c) 3 слова.
7. a) 42 слова; b) 13 слов; c) 56 слов. Краткие формы глагола, сложные сло-

ва, имеющие дефис (например, tape-recorder, CD-discs), считаются как одно
слово.
8. Правильно написаны и правильно расположены даты:

3 June, 2016
March 7, 2016

07/03/2016

9. Благодарность, ссылка на предыдущий контакт, ссылка на будущий контакт.
10. Обращение, подпись, завершающая фраза.
11. Вступление — обращение, благодарность и ссылка на предыдущий контакт.

Основная часть — ответы на три вопроса друга и три вопроса к другу.
Заключительная часть — ссылка на будущий контакт, завершающая фраза,
подпись.

122

12. I — 8 адрес; II — 7 дата; III — 1 обращение; IV — 4 благодарность за полученное
письмо; ссылка на предыдущий контакт; V — 5 ответы на вопросы; VI — 9 во-
просы другу по переписке; VII — 2 ссылка — упоминание о будущих контактах;
VIII — 6 завершающая фраза; IX — 3 подпись.

13. А — (1) неверно дано обращение, надо дать только имя: Dear John; (2) отсут-
ствует благодарность, она может быть такой: Thank you very much for your recent
letter; (3) нарушено деление на абзацы: предложение In your letter you ask me
questions about my plans for the future. должно быть в следующем абзаце.
В — отсутствует ссылка на предыдущий контакт, она может быть такой: It was
great to hear from you again after such a long time, либо такой: Sorry, I haven’t
written for so long.
С — нарушен стиль в завершающей фразе (yours sincerely используется в офи-
циальной, а не личной переписке).
D — нарушен стиль в подписи (надо дать только имя: Peter).
E — (1) неверно дано обращение, надо дать только имя: Dear Ann; (2) отсут-
ствует благодарность; (3) нарушен стиль в первой фразе письма (I am happy to
inform you that I received your letter yesterday используется в официальной, а не
личной переписке).

14. А — адрес дан слева (надо справа), отсутствует номер дома, отсутствует дата,
слово street написано с маленькой буквы, отсутствует благодарность.
В — завершающая фраза Love, должна быть на отдельной строке.

15. A — нарушение в написании адреса: должен быть адрес автора письма, т. е.
страна — Россия и родной город автора в России; обращение должно стоять
на отдельной строке; отсутствуют благодарность и ссылка на предыдущий кон-
такт.
B — нарушение в делении на абзацы: предложение Unfortunately, there aren’t
many rivers in Russia, let alone waterfalls. должно быть в новом абзаце.
C — нарушение порядка следования страны и города в адресе; дата стоит не
под адресом; отсутствует благодарность.
D — завершающая фраза Bye, и подпись Peter должны быть на отдельных стро-
ках.

16. Write to me soon. (вместо запятой нужно поставить точку)
Love, (нужно поставить запятую)
Kate (точка не нужна)

17. I wonder how you travel around the town. What is the cheapest means of transport?
What is the traffic situation like in your town?

18. You’ve mentioned that it was your mother’s birthday last week. How did you cel-
ebrate it? What was your present? Did your mother like it?

19. Возможный ответ:

42, Amurskaya Str.
Vladivostok
Russia

4 June, 2016

Thank you for your recent letter. It was great to hear from you again after such a
long time./Sorry, I haven’t written for so long. I have so much to tell you.

123

20. Возможный ответ:

In your letter you asked me about beautiful water sights in Russia. We have won-
derful places in our country and waterfalls are among them. There are some in our
Primorsky region, I was there last year. I’ve never gone rafting but I wish I could do
it soon. I know that extreme sports are dangerous but I’m sure that everyone should
experience it at least once in a lifetime.

21. Возможный ответ:

By the way, you wrote about your holidays in Greece. I envy you! With whom are
you going to go there? What places do you want to visit? How long are you going
to stay in Greece?

22. Возможный ответ:

Sorry, I have to go now.
Write back soon.
Best wishes,
Kate

23. Возможный ответ:

As I’ve heard you have just entered courses. What courses do you attend? Do you
go alone or with your friends? Do you enjoy studying there?

Keep in touch.
Best wishes,
Katya

24. Отредактированное письмо:

Moscow
Russia

12/06/2016
Dear Tom,

Thank you for your letter. Sorry, I haven’t answered your letter at once. How are
you?

I’m glad to hear that last month you visited the National Museum of American
History. As for me, I have never been there. But I would like to visit it someday.
We usually go to museums with our class once in two months. Most of all I like
the Tretyakov Gallery. I think people should often go to museums to broaden their
outlook, to enjoy the beauty of the pictures and to learn better Russian history and
history of other nations.

By the way, where are you planning to go hiking? Will it be in June or July? Is it
the first time you go hiking?

Sorry, my mum is calling me.
Hope to hear from you soon.
Best wishes,
Sveta

1. Письмо большое по объёму и нуждалось в сокращении.
2. В письме отсутствовала дата под адресом.

124

3. В обращении нужно указать только имя, фамилия не нужна.
4. Нарушения в постановке вопроса с точки зрения содержания. Заданы вопросы,

информация на которые уже есть в тексте письма друга (1. С кем поедет? —
В тексте сказано, что с родителями. 2. Когда поедут? — В тексте сказано —
летом. К тому же вопрос Will it be in June or July? дублировал вопрос Когда

поедут?
5. Есть некоторые языковые ошибки: грамматические: не нужен артикль в сло-

восочетании go to the museums, вместо different лучше использовать other;
орфографические: some day — someday, here — hear; пунктуационные: после
ссылки — надежды на будущий контакт должна стоять точка, после заверша-
ющей фразы — запятая.

Задание 40

Подготовительные упражнения к заданию 40

1. в) аргументировать свою точку зрения.
2. а) 200—250 слов.
3. в) 180 слов.
4. б) 275 слов.
5. в) во 2-м абзаце основной части.

6.

Paragraph 1 make an introduction (state the problem)
Paragraph 2 express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
Paragraph 3 express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing opinion
Paragraph 4 explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
Paragraph 5 make a conclusion restating your position

7.

Paragraph 1 make an introduction there is no doubt, the invention of the Internet, to change
Paragraph 2 (state the problem) the world, virtual communication, to become the reason
why, to communicate only by the Internet, to lose the con-
Paragraph 3 express your person- nection with the reality, in consequence, to lose friends,
Paragraph 4 al opinion and give disagree with this point of view
Paragraph 5 2—3 reasons for your
opinion in my view, to have a negative effect on people’s social
skills, firstly, secondly, what is more, to be afraid to com-
express an oppos- municate with classmates at school, easy, difficult, to type
ing opinion and give a message to somebody, no time for communication with
1—2 reasons for this relatives and friends, not to know how to behave in some
opposing opinion difficult situations, how to avoid quarrels and conflicts

explain why you don’t however, some people think, life in virtual reality, to help
agree with the oppos- develop social skills, write to strangers, not to be afraid,
ing opinion to ask questions, to discuss many problems anonymously,
to overcome shyness
make a conclusion
restating your posi- personally, disagree, impossible, to transfer skills, to bring
tion virtual skills into real life, as a result, differentiate virtual
communication and real-life communication, to lose some
main social skills

in conclusion, I believe, virtual Internet communication, to
influence negatively, results in losing real-life social skills,
to confuse two types of reality

125

8. Правильный ответ — 2. В первом примере не показана противоречивость про-
блемы, сама проблема не перефразирована. Второй ответ — правильный, тема
перефразирована, показана её противоречивость. Третий пример — неправиль-
ный, так как здесь неправильно сформулирована сама проблема, наблюдается
отход от темы. Четвёртый ответ тоже неправильный, так как тема не перефра-
зирована, а заданный вопрос лишь запрашивает информацию у читателя, но не
показывает противоречивость проблемы.

9. Правильный ответ — 3, так как в нём высказано собственное мнение, соот-
ветствующее теме и совпадающее по смыслу с мнением автора, высказанным
выше. Первый, второй и четвёртый варианты — неправильные. В первом слу-
чае в заключении не сказано, что это мнение автора. Во втором и четвёртом
вариантах неправильно высказано мнение, так как эти заключения относятся к
другому типу сочинения — «за и против», к тому же четвёртое не соответствует
теме, так как автор не говорит, нужно ли закрывать пункты быстрого пита-
ния.

10. Правильный ответ — 1, потому что высказанное мнение принадлежит авто-
ру, о чём говорит словосочетание From my point of view; высказанное мнение
соответствует поставленной перед обучающимися проблеме; аргументы под-
тверждают высказанное мнение; их количество соответствует плану. Осталь-
ные ответы неверные, так как высказанные мнения не отвечают поставленной
задаче и неправильно сформулированы: они не о том, нужно ли закрывать
пункты быстрого питания. Нарушение формулировки привело к неправильным
аргументам.

11. Правильный ответ — 3, потому что в нём высказано чужое мнение в соответ-
ствии с предложенной коммуникативной задачей и указана причина, по которой
оно возникло. В первом, втором и четвёртом примерах высказанное мнение не
соответствует коммуникативной задаче и неправильно сформулировано: они не
о том, нужно ли закрывать пункты быстрого питания. Нарушение формулировки
привело к неправильным аргументам.

12. Возможный ответ:
A. 2. Secondly, some people cannot work from home because too many things
distract them from what they are doing.
B. 2. What is more, you can park them easily.
C. 2. Secondly, if you get lost, you can find the map in the Internet.

13. Возможный ответ: I don’t agree with this argument because my parents have been
using mobile phones for more than five years and they feel well.

14. 1. in consequence; 2. therefore; 3. because.

15.

Introduction Main part Conclusion

while, on the contrary, others firstly, secondly, to begin in conclusion, all in all, to sum
disagree, there is a dispute/a with, furthermore, moreover, up, to conclude, it is important
discussion/no agreement in addition, finally, I believe/ to remind/point out, the issue is
think, in my opinion, however, far from solving yet but I think
as advocates/critics/opponents
claim/argue, besides, as a re-
sult, consequently, because of
that

126

16.

Introducing opinion Introducing supportive argument

personally, I believe/think, from my point of view, to begin/start with, firstly, secondly, what is more,

to my mind, I am sure, in my view in addition, moreover, furthermore

17. Возможный ответ: There are many ways of spending your spare time. Some peo-
ple enjoy reading detective stories and find them interesting. But others believe
that it’s better to read other kinds of literature. Let us consider both views on this
issue.

18. Возможный ответ: In my opinion, reading detective stories is both useful and ex-
citing. Firstly, it makes people think and try to find solutions for different compli-
cated problems. Thus, such books improve logical skills and develop imagination.
Secondly, they help us relax because they have breathtaking plots and interesting
characters.

19. Возможный ответ: However, there is another point of view. Some people dislike
reading detective stories and say that it is a waste of time. They think it’s better
to read classical literature where the wealth of human knowledge and experience
is revealed.

20. Возможный ответ: Personally, I don’t agree with this point of view. In good de-
tective stories one can find wealth of human knowledge and experience. Take for
example, detective stories by Agatha Christie which show us the best and the
worst in human beings.

21. Возможный ответ: All things considered, I can say that reading detective stories is
not a waste of time because you can learn a lot from them and it is an exciting
way of spending your free time.

22. Недостатки согласно критериям:
К1 — во введении не поставлена проблема, во втором абзаце приводится сла-
бый контраргумент на чужое мнение, не высказано прямо своё мнение в за-
ключении.
К2 — чужое мнение даётся раньше, чем своё, предлагается четыре абзаца вме-
сто пяти, т. е. не соответствует плану.
К3 — есть незначительные лексические ошибки.
К4 — есть незначительные грамматические ошибки.
К5 — есть незначительные орфографические ошибки.

23. Критерий «Решение коммуникативной задачи»

Объём — 185 слов.

• Аспект 1. Вступление — постановка проблемы.
Есть недостатки в раскрытии аспекта 1. Обучающийся переписал тему, не

перефразировав её. Вторая точка зрения не представлена. Вместо этого уча-
щийся ставит вопрос, что более характерно для другого вида письма — статьи.

• Аспект 2. Мнение автора с 2—3 аргументами.
Есть недостатки в раскрытии аспекта 2. В первом предложении второго аб-

заца автор высказывает своё мнение в пользу работы вне помещения, но не
совсем понятно, что имеется в виду. Далее приведены три аргумента против
позиции работы дома. Четвёртый неразвёрнутый аргумент — за позицию работы
вне помещения.

127

• Аспект 3. Противоположная точка зрения с 1—2 аргументами.
Есть недостатки в раскрытии аспекта 3. Автор приводит противоположную

точку зрения и аргументирует её, но аргумент противоположной точки зрения
повторяет аргумент, приведённый во втором абзаце.

• Аспект 4. Объяснения, почему автор не согласен с противоположной точкой
зрения (контраргументы).

Присутствуют серьёзные недостатки в раскрытии аспекта 4. Автор не опро-
вергает мнение противоположной стороны, а повторяет аргумент, приведённый
во втором абзаце, а также приводит аргумент, не соотносящийся с противопо-
ложной позицией. Таким образом, контраргумент отсутствует.

• Аспект 5. Заключение с подтверждением позиции автора.
Имеются серьёзные недостатки в раскрытии аспекта 5. Автор приводит по-

зицию, которая противоречит позиции автора в предыдущих абзацах.

• Аспект 6. Стилевое оформление выбрано правильно: соблюдается нейтраль-
ный стиль.

Таким образом, во всех аспектах имеются недостатки. По первому критерию
данное письменное высказывание может быть оценено в 1 балл.

Критерий «Организация текста»
Высказывание в основном логично. Есть два случая незначительного нару-

шения логичности: 1) непонятно, кого автор имеет в виду, употребляя фразу
those people are wrong; 2) нарушена логичность и в конце высказывания, так
как автор приходит к иной точке зрения, чем та, которая высказана во втором
абзаце. Деление на абзацы правильное. Средства логической связи использо-
ваны правильно.

Таким образом, по этому критерию может быть выставлено 2 балла.

Критерий «Лексика»
Словарный запас ограничен. Допущены лексические ошибки: children will

destroy you, your work will be bad, you can breath fresh air, comfortable, to work
much money.

Таким образом, по этому критерию будет выставлен 1 балл.

Критерий «Грамматика»
Имеется ряд грамматических ошибок: because children will destroy you from

your duties, if you will work outside, important to me to look after my children.
По этому критерию будет выставлено 2 балла.

Критерий «Орфография и пунктуация»
Допущены орфографические ошибки: futhermore, belive.
По этому критерию будет выставлен 1 балл.

За всё письменное высказывание обучаемый получит 7 баллов.

24. However, the opponents say that the Internet is only a useless time-waster. Firstly,
you should be very careful because there is so much false information in the In-
ternet. Secondly, the Internet can be addictive, especially for children. They just
want to surf the Internet morning, noon and night.
I disagree with this point of view because the Internet is an assistant to us, if you
use it right.
To sum it up, I can say that the Internet is not the greatest time-waster, there are
more helpful things in it than distracting.

128

Раздел 5. ГОВОРЕНИЕ

Задание 1

Подготовительные упражнения к заданию 1
1. 1. Устная речь представляет собой процесс передачи в звуковой форме своих
и чужих мыслей одному или многим лицам.
2. Устная речь имеет свою специфику, которая выражается в организации речи, сти-
ле и языковом оформлении, а также в видах и особенностях речевых продуктов.
3. Существуют монологическая, диалогическая и полилогическая речь.
4. В разделе «Говорение» используются задания с развёрнутым ответом.
5. При оценивании задания 1 используется один критерий — фонетическая сто-
рона речи.
6. За задание 1 можно получить максимум 1 балл.
7. Задание 1 проверяет навыки чтения вслух, а именно: правильное оформление
фонетической стороны устной речи (звуки в потоке речи, интонация, ударе-
ние, беглость речи), что отражает понимание содержание читаемого.
2. a) anyway; b) David.
3.

[s] [z]

hiss, rice, false, ice, waste, yes, place, loose, his, rise, falls, eyes, lazy, plays, lose, advise busy,
advice, house, looks, skin easy, zoo

4. Autumn, castle, solemn, column, limb, grandson, tomb, ballet.

5. I went shopping and I bought apples.

I went shopping and I bought apples and pears.

I went shopping and I bought apples, | pears | and oranges.

I went shopping and I bought apples, | pears, | oranges | and bananas.

8. Скороговорки (Т43—Т52).

9. 1. Un aided, un armed, anti-cy clonic, non- resident, re pack, ex- minister, pre paid,

mis spell, mis place, under dressed, pre- history.

2. Good- looking, old- fashioned, bad- tempered, absent- minded, home- made.

3. Apple-tree, bystander, daybreak, birthday, schoolboy, suitcase, timetable, hair-

do, housewife, butterfly, blackbird.

10. contest — to con test present — to pre sent

protest — to pro test subject — to su bject

rebel — to re bel object — to o bject

forecast — to fore cast produce — to pro duce

import — to im port outlay — to out lay

11. a) A hundred and four, five hundred and sixty-three, one thousand one hundred

and thirty-six, seven thousand, five million five hundred and fifty thousand, five point

five, ten point two.

b) The twentieth of June, nineteen ninety, the fourteenth of October, nineteen for-

ty-five, November the seventh, nineteen seventeen, the seventies, in two thousand,

in seventeen “o” four.

12. Those that stay | are not as active.

The worst problems for birds in winter | are getting enough heat …

The heat that you make | is made mostly in your muscles.

So one way of keeping warm | is to move about …

При отсутствии знаков препинания можно сделать паузу при следующих условиях:

• Если группа подлежащего перед сказуемым состоит из нескольких слов (яв-

ляется развёрнутой):

129

Those that stay | are not as active.
The worst problems for birds in winter | are getting enough heat …
The heat that you make | is made mostly in your muscles.
So one way of keeping warm | is to move about …
• Если в сложном предложении после главного идёт придаточное:
Activity uses energy | that is needed to keep warm.
• Если есть распространённые однородные члены предложения:
The worst problems for birds in winter | are getting enough heat | and holding
on to the heat once it is made.
В предложении So one way of keeping warm | is to move about … ещё может
быть сделана пауза после So.
13. Трудные для произношения слова (звуки, ударение): bumblebees, particular,
scientists, airborne, intriguing, muscles, insects, locust.
Деление на синтагмы: Until fairly recently, it was a mystery how certain large bees,
bumblebees in particular, were able to fly.

Тренируемся в выполнении задания 1
Вариант 1 (Т53)
Вариант 2 (Т54)

Задание 2
Подготовительные упражнения к заданию 2

1. 1. Цель задания 2 раздела «Говорение» — проверка умений диалогической речи:
осуществлять запрос информации, использовать лексику и грамматику, соответ-
ствующие коммуникативной задаче и уровню сложности задания.
2. Задание 2 — базового уровня.
3. Для задания 2 используется тест с развёрнутым ответом.
4. За задание 2 можно максимально получить 5 баллов (по одному баллу за
каждый правильный ответ).

2. 1 — общий вопрос; 2 — общий вопрос; 3 — разделительный вопрос; 4 — спе-
циальный вопрос; 5 — специальный вопрос; 6 — альтернативный вопрос; 7 —
специальный вопрос; 8 — специальный вопрос; 9 — специальный вопрос; 10 —
альтернативный вопрос.

3. 1. Does the Holiday Inn hotel have a lot of useful facilities?
2. What hotel has a lot of facilities?
3. What does the Holiday Inn hotel have?
4. What kind of facilities does the Holiday Inn hotel have?
5. Does the Holiday Inn hotel have a lot of or few facilities?
6. The Holiday Inn hotel has a lot of useful facilities, doesn’t it?

4. 1. Are there any sports facilities nearby?
2. Does the guide speak Russian?
3. Is breakfast included?
4. Do/Will you provide the necessary equipment?
5. Will/Does the train arrive at 10 or 11?
6. Have you ever admitted teenagers?

5. 1. How long does the trip last?
2. Where and when does the trip start?
3. Who is responsible for the trip?
4. What are the most popular routes?
5. How much does the trip cost?

130

6. 1. Why do people enjoy travelling?
2. What makes a perfect holiday?
3. He prefers travelling by car, doesn’t he?
4. What places are you attracted to?
5. Is this film interesting?
6. How far is the hotel from the centre?
7. How long does the course last?

7.

Пункты плана Начало вопросов
1. Location
2. Duration Where
3. Price How long
4. Guided excursions How much
5. Number of visitors in a group Are there
How many

8. Возможные ответы:
1) location of the art gallery
2) opening hours
3) price
4) guided tours
5) number of people in a group

9. Возможные ответы:
1) Where is the art gallery located/situated?
2) What are the opening hours?
3) How much does a ticket cost?
4) Are there guided tours?
5) How many people are there/can there be in a group?

10. Возможные ответы:
1) Where is the fitness club located/situated?
2) What are the opening hours?
3) How much is the season ticket?
4) Are individual sessions possible?
5) Is a swimming pool available?

Тренируемся в выполнении задания 2

Вариант 1. Возможные ответы:
1) Where is the school located/situated?
2) How much does the course cost?
3) Are my cameras suitable for the course?
4) Is extra equipment provided?
5) Are evening classes possible? Does the schedule include evening classes?

Вариант 2. Возможные ответы:
1) How long can a ride be?
2) How much does it cost per person?

131

3) Are there any age limits?
4) Is taking photos possible?
5) Are any special clothes necessary? Do we need any special clothes?

Вариант 3. Возможные ответы:
1) Where is the cinema located/situated?
2) What are the operation hours?
3) How much does the ticket per person cost?
4) Snacks are available, aren’t they?
5) Are there any discounts for students?

Задание 3

Подготовительные упражнения к заданию 3

1. 1. Цель задания 3 — построение монологического высказывания в заданном
объёме в заданной ситуации общения (описание фотографии); построение
логичного и связного высказывания; использование стратегий описания, со-
общения, рассуждения; точное и правильное употребление языковых средств
оформления монологического высказывания.

2. В задании 3 предусмотрен базовый уровень сложности.
3. На подготовку к данному заданию даётся 1,5 минуты.
4. В задании 3 надо раскрыть 5 пунктов плана.
5. Начать ответ надо со вступительной фразы, закончить — заключительной (в

плане не отражены).
6. Фраза I’ve chosen photo No. … вступительной не является. Это техническая

фраза для экспертов.
7. Объём задания 3 должен составлять 12—15 фраз (2 минуты).
8. Максимально за задание 3 можно получить 7 баллов.
2. Travelling may be interesting (thrilling, amazing, exciting, entertaining, …).
Photos may be original (intriguing, funny, moving, old, coloured, vivid, expressive, …).
The situation in the photo may be unusual (common, difficult, dangerous, tricky,
funny, …).
He/She/It looks great (surprised, excited, miserable, happy, satisfied, …).

3. Возможный ответ:

Place People Action

college classroom young people, college students, writing, listening to, smiling,
casual clothes, to be interested laughing
in

4. a) — 5; b) — 6; c) — 1; d) — 8; e) — 4; f) — 7; g) — 3; h) — 2.
5. 1. in the picture you can see …

2. in the foreground/background …
3. in the centre/middle of the picture

4. on the right/left

5. to the left of sb/sth

6. in the upper part/at the top

7. in front of the boy
8. I’m interested in
9. I’m fond of
10. I’m keen on doing

132

6. Возможные ответы:

1. The man on the right with his back to us is my granddad.
2. This person on the left is my best friend Peter.
3. In the foreground of the photo you can see my family having a picnic.
4. In front of the schoolboy there are books and a notebook.
5. The building which is straight ahead, at the far end of the street, is a famous

museum.
6. The building behind us is our university.
7. The picture shows a young girl who is writing a letter to her friend.
8. The photo makes me laugh every time I see it.
9. My mum is fond of knitting and my dad is keen on reading detective stories.

7. река — in the background, палатка — behind the friends, in the background, рюкзак
рядом с палаткой — near, next to, люди — in the middle, in the centre, in front
of the tent, in the foreground, мальчик слева — on the left, девочка справа — on
the right.

9. Следует использовать форму настоящего продолженного времени (Present
Continuous).

Возможные ответы:

1. The friends are having a picnic. The friends are singing. The boy in the middle
is playing the guitar and his friends are listening to him. The friends are telling
stories and laughing.

2. The family is having dinner. The mother is offering a new dish.
3. The children in the picture are eating ice-cream. The kids are having a

snack.
4. We are walking in the park. My friends are throwing up leaves. They are running

and jumping in the park.

10. белый — white чёрный — black
красный — red жёлтый — yellow
серый — grey коричневый — brown
зелёный — green розовый — pink/rosy
синий — blue голубой — blue/pale blue
светло-синий — light blue/bright blue светло-голубой — light-blue
тёмно-синий — dark blue/dark navy тёмно-голубой — dark blue

11. платье — dress, frock, gown рубашка — shirt
юбка — skirt майка с коротким рукавом — T-shirt
джинсы — jeans шорты — shorts
майка без рукавов — tank top, U-shirt длинный рукав — long sleeve
короткий рукав — short sleeve спортивный костюм — sports suit/
костюм — suit, costume (жен.) tracksuit
пиджак — jacket куртка — jacket, blazer (спортивная
пальто — coat куртка)
туфли — shoes плащ (дождевик) — raincoat
перчатки — gloves шапка — hat
шарф — scarf кроссовки — trainers
брюки — trousers, slacks (жен.)/ сапоги — boots
AmE pants

133

12. Возможные ответы:
1. It’s a hot day and we are all wearing light summer clothes. The boy in the mid-
dle is wearing a yellow T-shirt, we are all wearing shorts and trainers.
2. It’s just a family dinner and all the people in the photo are dressed casually.
The mother is wearing a blue dress with short sleeves. It’s her favourite dress,
she likes the blue colour. My sister is wearing a tank top and jeans. We can’t
see what my niece is wearing, but I think it’s a T-shirt and jeans.
3. The kids are both wearing jeans. The girl is wearing a white tank top, the boy
is wearing a light green T-shirt. It’s a hot day.
4. It’s autumn and we are all wearing jackets. Some of us are wearing caps and
scarves but no one is wearing gloves. Our jackets are red, yellow and brown —
like the leaves we are playing with.

13. 1 — 2; 2 — 2, 3, 4; 3 — 1; 4 — 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12; 5 — 1, 8, 10.

14. Возможные ответы:
1) where and when the photo was taken: the picture was taken, in the suburbs of/
in the country, during summer holidays, in July, as you see.
2) what/who is in the photo: the picture shows, my cousins, the weather is hot,
wearing shorts and T-shirts.
3) what is happening: are running/jogging, to look happy, to spend free time
together, obviously.
4) why you keep the photo in your album: keep this photo, because, to love, to
remember, nice rest.
5) why you decided to show the picture to your friend: to show this photo, to give
an idea of the atmosphere.

15. I have chosen photo No. 1. Would you like to see my holiday photos, Nastya? This
is one of them. Have a look. I took this picture in July last summer when we were
in the country. In the picture you can see my cousins Peter and Vera. It was very
hot in July and they are wearing shorts and tank tops. As you see, they are running.
They are keen on sports and every day they run. Sometimes they hold competition
who is faster, Vera or Peter. To tell you the truth, it doesn’t matter who is going to
win. Obviously, they are always happy to spend their free time together. I keep this
photo in the album because I love my cousins and I want to remember that summer.
I decided to show it to you because this photo gives an idea of the atmosphere of
our holidays — very optimistic and very good-natured. Do you like this photo? I hope
you do.

16. I’ve chosen picture No. 3. Do you remember I’ve told you about my autumn holidays,
Kate? Now I want to show you some photos of my holiday. Look at this photo. Isn’t it
nice? This photo was made in October in the countryside. In this photo you can see
my classmates. And at that moment they were just throwing up leaves and shouting.
They looked so happy and excited. It was really great, it was fun and that’s why I
took this photo. As you see, I keep it in my album because I want to remember this
unusual day and my merry classmates. I decided to show you this photo because
I have told you about my holidays so many times that now I’d like you to see how
great it was. I hope you like this photo, Kate. As for me, I like it very much.

Задание 4

Подготовительные упражнения к заданию 4
1. 1. Основными видами монологов являются повествовательные, описательные,
рассуждения. Наиболее сложный вид — монолог-рассуждение.
2. В задании 4 от экзаменуемого ожидается монолог-рассуждение.

134

3. Задание 4 проверяет умения сравнивать, сопоставлять, высказывать своё мне-
ние и аргументировать его, делать вывод.

4. Уровень сложности задания 4 — высокий.
5. Задание 4 оценивается по трём критериям: 1) решение коммуникативной за-

дачи, 2) организация текста, 3) языковое оформление текста.
6. В любом монологе должно быть вступление и заключение. Это никогда не про-

писывается в критериях и инструкции, потому что это общее правило для мо-
нолога любого типа или вида как в иностранных языках, так и в русском языке.
7. Нет, подробно описывать сначала одну фотографию, а потом другую нельзя.
В этом случае будет выставлено 0 баллов, так как основная коммуникативная
задача в задании 4 — это сравнение и сопоставление двух фотографий. Об
этом говорят и пункты плана.
8. Экзаменуемый может сказать, какую из фотографий он предпочитает, если об
этом спрашивается в четвёртом пункте плана. Однако в абсолютном большин-
стве заданий в четвёртом пункте ставится проблемная задача, т. е. спрашива-
ется о том, какое действие, профессию, образ жизни и т. д. из изображённых
на фотографии, а не саму фотографию предпочитает экзаменуемый.
9. Нет, для многих пунктов плана одной фразы явно недостаточно. В целом для
получения высокого балла рассказ экзаменуемого должен содержать 12—
15 фраз. Если он будет состоять из пяти фраз, то за задания 3 и 4 будет
выставлено 0 баллов.
2. 1. Location — a particular place.
2. Action — the process of doing something.
3. Character — a person in a book, play, film, picture printing, etc.
4. Similarity — a way in which two or more people or things seem alike.
5. Difference — a way in which two or more people or things are not like each other.

3.

People Things

friendly, brave, calm, ambitious, cruel, gentle, comfortable, medical, dusty, wooden, historical,
greedy, helpful, kind, naughty, talkative, careful, new, narrow, fresh, long, soft
serious, clever

4. Собственные ответы учащихся.
5.

Men Women Both

handsome, bald slim, beautiful, pretty good-looking, tall, attractive,
smart

6. A nice, small, new, black, leather bag.
7. 1. Some of his poems are very good.

2. None of the old friends came.
3. She stood in the middle of the floor but neither of them saw her.
4. Everyone says it’s better than any of the new ones.
5. How can anyone of us forget it?
6. She doesn’t know it either.
7. Before any of them could say another word he left the house.
8. I know neither French nor Spanish.

135

8. 1. We sat there in silence for maybe another five minutes and then we left.
2. The others had been talking a few moments when he raised his hand.
3. There isn’t any other way.
4. His first impulse was to cross to the other side to avoid them.
5. Would you like another cup of tea?
6. Mr Brown and Mrs Black and three other teachers were there.
7. Other people may disagree but I feel the whole thing has gone far enough.
8. We can do it another time.
9. We must help others less fortunate than ourselves.

10. I went swimming while the others played tennis.
9. 1. I like these shirts, I’ll take both of them.

2. Every morning she got up at 6 a.m.
3. We both want to go to the party.
4. Paul and John are both right.
5. Each of the houses is slightly different.
6. Both these books are expensive.
7. Each of us has a company car.
8. Both of them are right.
9. You can park on either side of the street.
10. Take one of the books on the table—either of them will do.
11. I bought a dozen eggs and every one of them was bad.
12. Each and every one of you deserves a reward.
13. I asked all the children and each told a different story.
14. You must decide on one thing or the other.
10. 1. In the picture there is a boy and two girls.
2. In the middle of the picture there are two men and a girl.
3. In both pictures there are people.
4. In the left-hand picture the girl is reading whereas in the right-hand photo the

girl is writing.
5. In the foreground one can see a woman who is knitting.
6. In picture number 1/In the first picture a woman is painting/drawing while a

girl is looking at her.
7. In the second picture there are two girls, each of them has a book in her hand.
8. None of the boys looks sad.
11. Возможный ответ:
In the left-hand photo there is a teacher and a schoolboy standing at the black-
board in the classroom. In the right-hand one we can see a driver who is sitting
in his vehicle cab.
12.

Picture Common features Different features

Action eating, enjoying, smiling fruits and juice — ice cream
(choice of dessert)

Location at home — in the park (envi-
ronment)

Characters two people (number of people) a child and an adult — two chil-
dren (age)

136

13.

Linking expressions: similarities Linking expressions: differences
both, likewise, as well as, and, so do/does
but, while, although, whereas, on the one hand,
on the other hand, unlike, in contrast (to/with)

14. I’d like to compare and contrast the two pictures. The pictures show people who
have a dessert. In the first picture we can see a girl and her mother having break-
fast at home, while in the second picture we see two children eating ice cream
in the park.
The photos have a few things in common. Firstly, there are two people in both
pictures. Secondly, in both pictures people are eating. Thirdly, the people are en-
joying what they are eating, they are smiling.
However, there are some differences. In the left-hand picture there is a child and
an adult, whereas in the right-hand picture there is no adult. I guess, the next
difference is the environment. In the first picture people are at home while in the
second one they are in the park. The third difference is the choice of dessert. In
picture number 1 they are eating fruits, whereas in picture number 2 the children
are eating ice cream.

15. I’d prefer the dessert in the first picture because it’s healthier.

Ключи к контрольным работам 137

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1

Задание по аудированию

Говорящий ABCDE F

Утверждение 7 5 1 3 2 4

Аудиотексты (Т55)
Speaker A
I honestly think using computers in education is a bad idea. I know computers are
supposed to help you do your homework and things but in reality things turn out not
the way they should be. Lots of my classmates just download stuff for reports from
the Internet, cutting and pasting without even reading it at times. I guess this is called
plagiarism and it is not fair plus this also doesn’t help develop your skills and you learn
nothing this way.

Speaker B
I don’t know how I’d manage my homework without my computer. I have an awful
handwriting and my teachers can’t make out what is written so I word-process practi-
cally everything. In this way my homework always looks neat. I’m a good student and
I never use ready papers from the Net but that handwriting thing was a total nightmare
until I started typing it. I honestly don’t mind it and it even takes me less time to type
than to write it myself.

Speaker C
Many teachers in our school ask us to word-process the essays and reports which they
ask us to write. They say they have to read tons of stuff and they will have problems
with their eyesight if they read our handwriting. I can understand their point but there
is a disadvantage of it as well. The thing is we forget how to write by hand and then
in most word processors there are spellcheckers so we forget spelling and this is re-
ally horrible.
Speaker D
I need my computer for my studies all the time. You see, I have been learning Span-
ish for some time already and my elder brother has installed some programs to learn
the spelling and vocabulary and they are so useful! I use these programs every day.
Besides, I have a friend from Spain and we communicate via Skype regularly so I can
practice the language. Add e-mail plus online research you have to do for school re-
ports and essays.

Speaker E
I must admit computers make a lot of things connected with studies much easier.
We can surf the Net and find any necessary information in literally no time. There are
many more pluses but at the same time, nothing is perfect and computers have some
minuses too. The biggest disadvantage I think is that computers make students lazy
and instead of going to a library and doing proper research students just use stuff
downloaded from the Internet.

Speaker F
I think computers make the educational process much more interesting. Our teacher
uses various presentations and thus we can understand the information better. Slide
shows also attract everybody’s attention. There are many opportunities to use comput-

138

ers in the classroom and kids are always interested in things connected with them so
they begin to pay more attention to the lessons where teachers use computers and
they get better results this way.

Задание по чтению

ABCDE FG
5872361

Задание по грамматике
19 — ninth; 20 — was destroyed; 21 — moved; 22 — has been held; 23 — fastest;
24 — making; 25 — starting.

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 2

Задание по аудированию

Утверждение ABCDE FG

Соответствие диалогу 1 3 2 2 2 3 1

Аудиотексты (Т56)

Jim: Hi, Bella! Good to see you!
Bella: Oh, hi, Jim, I’m happy to see you too. How are the things?
Jim: Oh, not bad, thanks. You know, I have great news! I’m going to have a pet!
Bella: Oh, finally? Congratulations! I thought your mother would never ever let you get

one. What made her change her mind, I wonder?
Jim: Oh, it’s all about my baby sister Julia. You know my parents adore her. She’s

the apple of their eye. She is three years old and my mom has read in some
magazine that it’s high time for Julia to start taking care of somebody. So here
you go.
Bella: That’s interesting. If you ask me, I think a doll might be enough for Julia. You
know these dolls advertised on TV — they can talk, you can feed them, put them
to sleep, change their nappies.
Jim: No, mom says it must be a pet, preferably a cat or a dog. As for me, I’d be
satisfied with either.
Bella: What about Julia?
Jim: She’d rather have a cat but my mom is more inclined to buy a dog, a Scottish
collie maybe. They aren’t at all aggressive. On the contrary, they eagerly play with
kids and feel very protective towards them.
Bella: Well, Jim, I think it’s very important. A cat might not be as friendly as a dog.
Cats are very independent creatures, I believe.
Jim: There are some lazy breeds, very calm ones, but they have long fur. With a cat
it’s more of a problem than with a dog.
Bella: Okay, whatever your mom finally chooses. Who is going to take care of the pet?
You don’t really think it’s going to be Julia?
Jim: Well, she can feed it and play with it and accompany me for a walk if it’s a dog
after all.

139

Bella: You can’t expect a three-year-old child to take full responsibility for a pet, can
you?

Jim: Of course, not! It’s me who is going to be responsible for the pet, that’s the best
thing about it! Theoretically it’s Julia’s but actually it’s mine!

Bella: When are you going to buy it?
Jim: On Saturday. We are going to the pet shop mother’s colleague has recommended

to us. He says it’s a good one. You can buy food there and everything else it might
need.
Bella: That may turn out pretty expensive, you know.
Jim: I don’t think my mom will care about it. Plus, I have my own savings and I can
buy something for the pet myself if it’s necessary.
Bella: Fine, then. Phone me on Saturday evening and tell me all about it.
Jim: I will.

Задание по чтению

ABCDE F

746123

Задание по грамматике
19 — feels; 20 — is played; 21 — children; 22 — was going; 23 — happened; 24 —
leans; 25 — applauding/to applaud.

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 3

Задания по лексике
Задания 26—31
26 — recognizable; 27 — observation; 28 — fascinating; 29 — nearly; 30 — eleva-
tors; 31 — weddings.

Задания 32—38

32 33 34 35 36 37 38

1322441

Задание по письму
Проверяется по критериям оценивания ответов на задание 39 ЕГЭ (см. Приложе-
ние 1. Демонстрационный вариант контрольных измерительных материалов единого
государственного экзамена 2017 года по АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ (письменная часть).

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 4

Задания устной части проверяются по критериям оценивания ответов 1—4 раз-
дела «Говорение» (см. Приложение 2. Демонстрационный вариант УСТНОЙ ЧАС-
ТИ контрольных измерительных материалов единого государственного экзамена по
АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ 2017 г.).

140

ИТОГОВАЯ КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА

Раздел 1. Аудирование Раздел 2. Чтение

№ задания Ответ № задания Ответ

1 517634 10 4618253

2 2113231 11 241537

31 12 2

42 13 1

53 14 4

63 15 4

72 16 2

82 17 3

92 18 2

Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика*

№ задания Ответ № задания Ответ
19 happily
20 isformed, wasformed 29 natural
21 confidence
22 earliest 30
23 4
24 later 31 2
25 3
26 hasbeen 32 2
27 3
28 were 33 4
4
isrepresented 34

its 35

personality 36

winner 37

interesting 38

* Написание ответов (без пробелов и знаков) соответствует инструкции ФЦТ по заполнению бланка отве-
тов № 1.

141

Аудиотексты (Т57)

Сейчас вы будете выполнять задания по аудированию. Каждый текст прозвучит
2 раза. После первого и второго прослушивания у вас будет время для выполнения
и проверки заданий. Все паузы включены в аудиозапись. Остановка и повторное вос-
произведение аудиозаписи не предусмотрены.
По окончании выполнения всего раздела «Аудирование» перенесите свои ответы в
бланк ответов № 1.

Задание 1

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего
A—F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1—7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное
соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы
услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. У вас есть 20 секунд, чтобы ознако-
миться с заданием.

Now we are ready to start.
Speaker A
I know there are many people who blog for pay, but there are others who blog for the
fun involved in it. You see, people generally blog about things they know and love and
therefore look at blogging as an escape from their daily lives. That’s true about me.
Let’s take my brother as an example. He is a freelance writer and does nothing but
write all day. Still, he finds blogging to be fun, because it can be a personal project
requiring no client approval.

Speaker B
In my opinion, blogs are an excellent vehicle for income. Of course, I understand that it
takes great time, effort, and dedication to build a blog that will bring in enough money
to live on. At the same time, it’s a very flexible job. I have a blog on fitness which
brings me a little money through ads. I plan to study and earn my living like this for
some time but then I’ll need a more stable job. I’ll try to make my blogging income
bigger. Let’s see.

Speaker C
I’m a very shy person and I don’t go out very often as it’s difficult for me to talk to
strangers in real life. Communicating online is easier for me. I guess, people may write
blogs for money but basically people write blogs so other people will read them. I like
to think that someone somewhere is going to read my blog, my ideas and my thoughts,
so in the process of writing blogs I’m trying to connect with others who share a com-
mon interest with me.

Speaker D
I was looking for a new hobby, and fortunately, my teacher offered me to try blogging.
You see, I want to be a journalist in the future but I wasn’t sure if I could succeed
in this job. He said it would be a great chance for me to try writing for other people
and see if it was a good career for me. I can’t say that a lot of people read my blog
but I have a few devoted readers. I enjoy blogging and I believe I’ll be able to work
in the media.

Speaker E
I’ve been blogging for some time already and I must say blogging is getting easier and
easier because of the technical progress. You see, there are many different blogging
platforms and programs available to make the blogging process easy. For me, Word

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Press is the best option because it’s free and offers great flexibility. When used with
a program such as Windows Live Writer, blogging couldn’t be easier for even novice
users.

Speaker F
I don’t blog as I think it’s a waste of time, but my brother has a blog. It’s not that he’s
interested in having many readers. He’s an IT specialist and he writes blogs profes-
sionally to help search engine ranking. He says search engines pay more attention to
a website than just content. The more frequently updated a website is and the more
links there are to and from it, the better it seems to do. Most bloggers post 3 times
per week to keep the site fresh.
You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)
Now you will hear the texts again. (Repeat.)
This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers.
(Pause 15 seconds.)

Задание 2

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А—G соответствуют содер-
жанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть
на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated).
Занесите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды. У Вас
есть 20 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданием.

Now we are ready to start.
John: Hi, Lora! Haven’t seen you for ages! I didn’t know you are back from France

already. How are you? How was your exchange programme?
Lora: Hi, John, it’s good to see you. Well, I’d love to say I’m fine but I’m not.
John: Why? Can I help you?
Lora: Thank you, John, you are such a good friend, but I don’t know if you can help.
John: Just talk to me, alright?
Lora: Okay. First of all, I miss my host family a lot. They are very nice and kind peo-

ple. I was homesick at first, and they helped me get used to living in France, took
me to a lot of beautiful places and showed me how great France is. They made my
stay very comfortable and pleasant.
John: Do you mean that you missed your parents in France and now you miss your
host family back in London?
Lora: Exactly. I haven’t told anyone about it because I’m afraid that people will laugh
at me.
John: Oh, Lora, I think it’s normal that you feel this way. After all, you spent there
about half a year. It’s a long time and of course you miss some people there. Why
don’t you Skype them? They probably miss you too.
Lora: John, it’s a good idea! I wonder why I haven’t thought about it!
John: That’s because you are upset. My advice is to keep in touch with those people.
Is there anything else that worries you?
Lora: Well, I’ve made a lot of friends in France but I had a lot of friends here too. We
didn’t communicate much while I was in France and now it seems to me they have
forgotten me. Whenever I call them, they are busy with something interesting.
John: I guess it was hard for them to learn to do without you. Just be patient. I’m
sure the girls are longing to talk to you but they are shy, maybe. They’ll call you
soon, believe me.

143

Lora: I don’t know, John. You might be right.
John: If you feel bored, you can always call on me. Why don’t we go to the cinema

tonight? There’s a new blockbuster with Bruce Willis on.
Lora: I’d love to. And then we can get a pizza and just talk a bit. I can tell you more

about my life in France and show you some pictures of the castles.
John: Good idea, Lora. I love medieval history. Look, I’ll check the time and text you

in about an hour, okay?
Lora: I’ll be waiting.
You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)
Now you’ll hear the text again. (Repeat.)
This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers.
(Pause 15 seconds.)

Задания 3—9

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3—9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствую-
щую выбранному вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды. У Вас есть 50 секунд, чтобы
ознакомиться с заданиями.

Now we are ready to start.
Presenter: Hello, everybody and welcome to our daily programme “Five minutes with a

star”. Our today’s guest is known to everybody. It’s a popular cook and TV presenter
Max Hodge. Hello, Max!
Max: Hello.
Presenter: Max, you are most known for your typical healthy English cuisine which has
garnered you numerous TV shows and restaurants. How did it all start?
Max: Well, I was born in Essex and I got my education in London. I started as a pas-
try chef in one of numerous London restaurants and I must have been a very good
chef as I got noticed by the BBC and in 2000 I had my first TV show. That started
the ball rolling.
Presenter: Can you tell us about your healthy food campaign?
Max: Of course. I started it about ten years ago. My son went to school and I saw that
English school lunches left much to be desired. I launched an online petition Healthy
lunch. Naturally, my movement to get kids eating nutritious, fresh foods gained big
support from the British public, and resulted in the government’s dedication of £ 280
million to overhaul the national school lunch programme.
Presenter: You must be proud of that achievement.
Max: Yes, I am. At the same time, I’m afraid that the UK is not the only country where
school kids were offered fast food for lunch. I’d love to start a similar movement in
the USA, for instance. A lot of kids now have food-related illnesses like diabetes.
People warn their kids about crossing the street, but they don’t warn them about
food. Parents need to make their kids more streetwise about food.
Presenter: You’ve managed to show everybody how important healthy eating is. What
can all people do to revolutionize the way we eat? What’s the first step?
Max: The first step has nothing to do with peeling, chopping or grating. I’d recom-
mend people to clean up their kitchen as their first move. You see, the kitchen is
there to do a job, and it’s not your front room. A lot of people say their kitchen is
messy. So get rid of the mess and get your space back and get your kitchen sorted
out.
Presenter: Okay, our kitchen is spick-and-span. What happens next?

144

Max: Next dump those sugary sodas and unhealthy snacks. Shopping is a big deal. If
you don’t buy these things, they won’t turn up in your kitchen. I’ve seen so many
fizzy drinks and snacking foods — fizzy drinks are delicious! As are snacking foods,
but they should not be used as forms of H2O or substitutes for food; they should be
treats. Families need to get control of the fizzy drinks. That alone is extra calories
in the day and not necessarily the right ones.

Presenter: A lot of people nowadays admit that they can’t cook. What would you ad-
vise to them?

Max: I’d say — team up with a friend or relative who knows how to cook. Spending
time with the families on my TV show was very upsetting for me at times because
there are two to three generations that cannot cook! It’s just a sign of our times. So
if you’ve got a mom or friend to cook with, then get them to come round to show
you. It’s skin-on-skin things that change the world.

Presenter: But what if people don’t have time to cook?
Max: Then cook a fresh meal at least once per week. Try to cook one time per week;

two or three times a week would be amazing! Also choose the right recipes so you
can do it efficiently and affordably. If you are cooking for four to five people and
if you are buying pre-packed food — KFC, McDonald’s, etc. — that stuff is really
expensive. I can do it for a quarter cheaper for a lovely, tasty meal. My recipes are
really inexpensive.
Presenter: Thank you, Max.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)
Now you will hear the text again. (Repeat.)
This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers.
(Pause 15 seconds.)

This is the end of the Listening test.
Время, отведённое на выполнение заданий, истекло.

145

Приложение 1

ПРОЕКТ

Единый государственный экзамен по ИНОСТРАННЫМ ЯЗЫКАМ

Демонстрационный вариант
контрольных измерительных материалов

единого государственного экзамена
2017 года по АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ

(письменная часть)

подготовлен Федеральным государственным бюджетным
научным учреждением

«ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ ИНСТИТУТ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИХ ИЗМЕРЕНИЙ»

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Единый государственный экзамен по АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ

Пояснения к демонстрационному варианту
ПИСЬМЕННОЙ ЧАСТИ

контрольных измерительных материалов единого государственного
экзамена 2017 года по АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ

При ознакомлении с демонстрационным вариантом письменной части кон-
трольных измерительных материалов ЕГЭ 2017 г. следует иметь в виду, что
задания, включённые в него, не отражают всех вопросов содержания, которые
будут проверяться с помощью вариантов КИМ в 2017 г. Полный перечень во-
просов, которые могут контролироваться на едином государственном экзамене
2017 г., приведён в кодификаторе элементов содержания и требований к уров-
ню подготовки выпускников образовательных организаций для проведения еди-
ного государственного экзамена 2017 г. по английскому языку.

Работа состоит из четырёх разделов: «Аудирование», «Чтение», «Грамматика
и лексика», «Письмо».

Раздел 1 («Аудирование») содержит 9 заданий. Рекомендуемое время на вы-
полнение заданий раздела 1 составляет 30 минут.

Раздел 2 («Чтение») содержит 9 заданий. Рекомендуемое время на выполне-
ние заданий раздела 2 составляет 30 минут.

Раздел 3 («Грамматика и лексика») содержит 20 заданий. Рекомендуемое
время на выполнение заданий раздела 3 составляет 40 минут.

Раздел 4 («Письмо») состоит из 2 заданий. Рекомендуемое время на выпол-
нение заданий этого раздела работы — 80 минут.

Назначение демонстрационного варианта заключается в том, чтобы дать воз-
можность любому участнику ЕГЭ и широкой общественности составить пред-
ставление о структуре будущих КИМ, количестве заданий, об их форме и уров-
не сложности. Приведённые критерии оценки выполнения заданий с развёрну-
тым ответом, включённые в этот вариант, дают представление о требованиях
к полноте и правильности записи развёрнутого ответа.

Эти сведения позволят выпускникам выработать стратегию подготовки
к ЕГЭ.

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Демонстрационный вариант
контрольных измерительных материалов
для проведения в 2017 году единого государственного экзамена

по АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ

Инструкция по выполнению работы

Экзаменационная работа по английскому языку состоит из четырёх
разделов (аудирование, чтение, грамматика и лексика, письмо), включа-
ющих в себя 40 заданий.

На выполнение экзаменационной работы отводится 3 часа (180 минут).
Ответы к заданиям 3—9, 12—18 и 32—38 записываются по приве-
дённому ниже образцу в виде одной цифры, которая соответствует но-
меру правильного ответа. Эту цифру запишите в поле ответа в тексте
работы, а затем перенесите в бланк ответов № 1.

КИМ Ответ: 2 32 Бланк

Ответы к заданиям 1, 2, 10, 11 записываются по приведённому ниже
образцу в виде последовательности цифр. Эту последовательность цифр
запишите в поле ответа в тексте работы, а затем перенесите в бланк
ответов № 1.

КИМ Ответ: A B C D E F 11 5 2 4 1 7 3 Бланк
524173

Ответы к заданиям 19—31 записываются по приведённому ниже
образцу в виде слова (нескольких слов). Ответ запишите в поле ответа
в тексте работы, а затем перенесите в бланк ответов № 1.

КИМ Ответ: H A S S U R V I V E D . 23 H A S S U R V I V E D Бланк

Раздел 4 («Письмо») состоит из 2 заданий (39 и 40) и представляет
собой небольшую письменную работу (написание личного письма и пись-
менного высказывания с элементами рассуждения). В бланке ответов
№ 2 укажите номер задания и запишите ответ к нему.

Все бланки ЕГЭ заполняются яркими чёрными чернилами. Допуска-
ется использование гелевой, или капиллярной, или перьевой ручек.

При выполнении заданий можно пользоваться черновиком. Записи
в черновике не учитываются при оценивании работы.

Баллы, полученные вами за выполненные задания, суммируются.
Постарайтесь выполнить как можно больше заданий и набрать наиболь-
шее количество баллов.

Желаем успеха!

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Раздел 1. Аудирование

1 Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между
высказываниями каждого говорящего A—F и утверждениями, данны-
ми в списке 1—7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное
соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно
лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои
ответы в таблицу.

1. I try not to miss anything in the cinema.
2. It is possible to create the cinema atmosphere without going out.
3. Movie stars are very attractive.
4. The best moving pictures are in our heads.
5. When thinking about cinema I remember an accident.
6. Stage provides me with more exciting experiences than screen.
7. It feels good to make a dream come true.

Говорящий AB CDE F

Утверждение

2 Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утвержде-
ний А—G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие
не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то
есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни от-
рицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного
вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

A. Tom and Alice used to go to the same school a few years ago.
B. Tom has no homework at school.
C. Alice thinks the Arabic language is rather fashionable.
D. Tom’s been studying French at his father’s request.
E. Alice is wondering what leisure activities Tom has.
F. Tom is planning to start writing poetry.
G. Tom takes a train to visit his parents on holidays.

Утверждение AB CDE F G

Соответствие диалогу

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Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3—9 запишите в поле ответа
цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту от-
вета. Вы услышите запись дважды.

3 Sarah’s love for animals started when she …
1) first went to Africa.
2) became a college student.
3) was a young girl.
Ответ:

4 At her first job Sarah wanted to make money for her …
1) documentary film.
2) African trip.
3) future education.
Ответ:

5 When Sarah first tried to study monkeys, she …
1) befriended many animals.
2) became well-known.
3) failed at her attempt.
Ответ:

6 Sarah went to Africa for the second time together with …
1) her mother.
2) an African scientist.
3) her colleague.
Ответ:

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7 The monkeys learned to trust Sarah because she …
1) played games with them.
2) fed them for a long time.
3) tried to copy their behaviour.
Ответ:

8 It took Sarah two years to …
1) be accepted into a group of monkeys.
2) establish a camp on the shore.
3) study the basics of monkeys’ behaviour.
Ответ:

9 Sarah considers her African years as the best time of her life because she …
1) was able to join the world of animals.
2) learned to climb trees naturally.
3) had a lot of fun there.
Ответ:

По окончании выполнения заданий 1—9 не забудьте перенести
свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1! Запишите ответ спра-
ва от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой
клеточки. При переносе ответов в заданиях 1 и 2 цифры за-
писываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных
символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в со-
ответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.

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Раздел 2. Чтение

10 Установите соответствие между текстами A—G и заголовками
1—8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру
только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. For information and urgent help 5. Key under your skin
2. World without buttons 6. Big brother is watching you
3. To monitor and treat the disease 7. Disadvantages of tech
4. A built-in charger 8. Phone always on you

A. Sure, we’re virtually connected to our phones 24/7 now, but what if we could
be literally plugged in to our phones? That’s already starting to happen. Last
year, for instance, artist Anthony Antonellis had a chip put in his arm that
could store and transfer data to his handheld smartphone. And researchers are
already experimenting with sensors that turn human bone into living speakers.

B. In the future patients will be able to use implantable technologies to diagnose
and even treat diseases. Scientists in London are developing swallowable cap-
sule-sized chip that will control fat levels in obese patients and generate ge-
netic material that makes them feel “full”. It has potential as an alternative
to surgery to handle obesity. Also it can monitor blood-sugar levels for diabet-
ics.

C. The U.S. military has programs to identify any person using face scanning
device. Some people see it as a doubtless advantage: improved crime fighting,
secure elections and never a lost child again. However, such technologies can
hammer against social norms and raise privacy issues. And one day there might
be a computer to see all, know all and control all.

D. One of the challenges for implantable tech is delivering power to devices which
are inside human bodies. You can’t plug them in as you do with your phone
or computer. You can’t easily take them out to replace a battery. A team in
Cambridge is working on specific bio batteries that can generate power inside
the body, transfer it wirelessly where needed, and then simply melt away.

E. Soon tattoos will not only make you look cool but will be able to perform use-
ful tasks, like opening your car or entering smartphone codes with a finger-
point. Researchers have made an implantable skin fibers thinner than a human
hair. Scientists are working on the chip that can be put inside a finger through
a tattoo-like process, letting you unlock things or enter codes simply by point-
ing.

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F. The British research team is developing pills with microprocessors in them that
can text to hospitals directly from inside your body. The pills can share inside
info to help doctors know if you are taking your medication properly and if it
is having the desired effect. Moreover, in case of emergency, it can send a
signal to the computer and the ambulance will come straight away.

G. Lately touchscreens are everywhere — from computers, phones, tablets to car
systems and vending machines. Even doorbells now include touch screen con-
trols. One has to wonder: are we moving to a world of only touchscreen
devices? And the answer is probably yes. We are coming to an age where
every flat or even curved surface could be made a touchscreen and we can
operate from it.
AB CDE F G

Ответ:

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Демонстрационный вариант ЕГЭ 2017 г. АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК, 11 класс. (2017 — 9/32)

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Visiting the Royal Parks

London has a well-deserved reputation as one of the greenest cities in Europe,

with a huge number of open spaces across the center of the city. Tourists

A can always relax in a lovely, quiet London park.

The Royal Parks, such as St James’s, Green Park, the Regent’s Park, Hyde

Park, Richmond, Greenwich, Bushy Park and Kensington Gardens, are beautifully

maintained and popular with locals and visitors alike. Many are former hunting

estates of English monarchs, preserved as open space B .

They are ideal places to relax and sunbathe in summer, enjoy gorgeous flower beds

in spring C .

The Royal Parks provide fantastic green routes in London

D and through some of the most attractive areas of the

capital. Picnics in the parks are also a popular activity especially during the busy

summer months.

Dogs are welcome in all the Royal Parks, although there are some places

E . These are clearly indicated within each park and are

usually ecologically sensitive sites, children’s play areas, restaurants, cafés and

some sports areas. Ground nesting birds are particularly sensitive to disturbance

by dogs and people. So it is necessary to observe the warning signs

F . In Bushy Park and Richmond Park dogs should be

kept away from the deer.

The Royal Parks are for everyone to enjoy.

1. that are displayed during the nesting season
2. while the city has grown up around them
3. and admire the changing leaves as autumn arrives
4. where they are not allowed or should be kept on a lead
5. who are tired of the noise, crowds and excitement of sightseeing
6. who does not know the route to the place of destination
7. that take cyclists away from traffic

AB CDE F
Ответ:

© 2017 Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере образования и науки Российской Федерации