1) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Secret of the Sahara
This is a story about a strange discovery made in the great Sahara Desert. In 1933 a French officer ___ (RIDE) in the Sahara through a deep canyon in a mountain range where no other European had ever been.
2) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Suddenly he saw that the walls of the canyon ___ (COVER) with age-old carvings and paintings of strange unknown animals.
3) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
News of the discovery soon ___ (BRING) many experts of all kinds to the place.
4) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Dinosaur Facts
Dinosaurs lived on our planet millions of years ago. Some of them were very big. Now only their giant bones and footprints ___ (FIND).
5) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Millions of years ago, the world did not look like it does today. Many of the animals that walked the land had bodies low to the ground and legs on the sides of their bodies. As time passed, the land changed. The animals changed too. Some of the animals now had legs under their bodies. They moved ___ (FAST) than the other animals.
6) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
___ (THIS) new animals were the first dinosaurs. They came in all sizes. Some were about 75 feet long.
7) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
The dinosaurs all died about 65 million years ago. Some people think that it got too cold for the dinosaurs. Other people think the dinosaurs ___ (NOT CAN) find enough food to eat. Still, no one is sure why the dinosaurs all died.
Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Tourism in Britain
Tourism is already Britain’s fifth most important industry and it is also the fifth largest tourist industry in the world. It’s growing ___ (RAPID) : the number of people employed in the industry increased by more than 50,000 a year.
9) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Britain has a rich and varied cultural heritage. ___ (COLOUR) royal ceremonies attract millions of visitors each year.
10) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
London has an international reputation for its historic sites, museums and famous institutions. A city of infinite colour and ___ (VARY), London is both historic and unceasingly modern, at the forefront of fashion, music and art.
11) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Historic cities such as Oxford, Cambridge and Bath are visited by large numbers of ___ (FOREIGN).
12) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
People who travel to Scotland, the Lake District and other areas of upland Britain find unique ___ (EXCITE) places and scenery which can vary over short distances.
13) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Some of the most popular ___ (ATTRACT) outside London are the Jorvik Viking Centre in York, the Tudor ship in Portsmouth and National museum of Photography in Bradford.
14) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Pierre and Faniry
At the age of twenty-one, Pierre – that was the name of the winegrower – had been sent by his father to spend some time with his uncle in Madagascar. He ___ at the island and within two weeks he fell for a local girl called Faniry, or «Desire» in Malagasy.
1) reached
2) arrived
3) got
4) came
15) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
You could not blame him. At seventeen she was ravishing. In the Malagasy sunlight her skin was golden. Her black, waist-length hair, which hung straight beside her cheeks, framed large, fathomless eyes. It was a genuine love at first ___, for both of them. Within five months they were married.
1) sight
2) view
3) look
4) gaze
16) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Faniry had no family, but Pierre’s parents came out from France for the wedding, even though they did not strictly ___ of it, and for three years the young couple lived very happily on the island of Madagascar.
1) admit
2) agree
3) approve
4) accept
17) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Then, one day, a telegram came from France. Pierre’s parents and his only brother had been killed in a car crash. Pierre took the next flight home to ___ the funeral and manage the vineyard left by his father. Faniry followed two weeks later.
1) attain
2) attend
3) appear
4) apply
18) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Pierre was grief-stricken, but with Faniry he ___ down to running the vineyard. His family, and the lazy, idyllic days under a tropical sun, were gone forever.
1) stayed
2) lodged
3) dwelled
4) settled
19) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
But he was very happily married, and he was very well-off. Perhaps, he reasoned, life in Bordeaux would not be so bad. Pierre thought he had married an angel, but soon he found ___ that he was wrong.
1) out
2) over
3) of
4) in
20) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
He had ___ a fatal mistake in marrying Faniry.
1) done
2) set
3) made
4) put
Dinosaur
Facts
|
Dinosaurs lived on our planet millions of |
FIND |
Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами B4 – B10, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4 – B10.
Прочитайте
текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 1 – 7. Эти номера
соответствуют заданиям 1 – 7, в которых представлены возможные
варианты ответов (A, B, C, D). Установите соответствие номера пропуска варианту ответа.
The secret tunnel
In the middle
of our village, there is a beautiful old church, which dates back to the
beginning of the Middle Ages. It was rebuilt several times, but some of its
parts, including the foundations, are 1 ______.
Well, 2 ______ about restoration, a while
ago they decided to install a heating system there, as it gets cold in
winter. Some of the local boys volunteered to help, including myself.
The benches were connected in stacks, so it was hard work to lift or to push
them away, but we managed it. Most of the church floor was covered with
marble-type slabs, but under some benches there were just some
ancient-looking bricks.
We got really 3 ______, as we had heard stories
about an old underground passageway leading from a crypt below the church to
the castle in the nearest city. It is twelve miles 4 ______.
So, a friend of mine and I started to dig down there. It was relatively easy
to pull out the top layer of bricks, and underneath them we found soil, which
also moved easily as it was completely dry. We found that one side of the
hole was so soft that you could just 5 ______ a
stick through it. It was obviously that passageway! Then some workmen came in
and told us to stop. Just fancy that! We had to stop at the most exciting
moment.
After a few days, the workmen put a layer of hard cement over the entire
floor, so our find remained a mystery. But I won’t give 6 ______.
I still hope to go there some day and find that secret tunnel. Maybe, that
will become the greatest 7 ______ of the
21st century.
1. A) natural
B) original C) real D) genuine
2. A) commenting
B) telling C) saying D) speaking
3. A) excited B)
amazed C) annoyed D) animated
4. A) away B)
far C) off D) about
5. A)
shift B) pull C) push D) remove
6. A) in B)
up C) on D) at
7. A) innovation
B) invention C) discovery D) development
Ответы:
1.
B) original
2.
D) speaking
3.
A) excited
4.
A) away
5.
C) push
6.
B) up
7.
C) discovery
Прочитайте текст с
пропусками, обозначенными номерами 1 – 7. Эти номера
соответствуют заданиям 1 – 7, в которых представлены
возможные варианты ответов (А, Б, В, Г). Установите соответствие номера пропуска варианту ответа.
A CHINESE
VASE
When I was a child I loved
visiting my grandmother. I thought her house was as beautiful as a
palace. As I grew older the house and garden seemed smaller, but I still
loved visiting the old lady. There were so many lovely things to
look 1 _____ in the house.
I loved her paintings and the
old clock, but 2 _____ all I
loved a big Chinese vase which stood in the hall. It
was 3 _____ than me, and I
couldn’t see 4 _____ it. I
walked round and round it looking at the beautiful ladies and the birds
and flowers and trees, and Grandmother often 5
_____ me stories about these ladies. She said that her
grandfather had brought the vase with him when he returned from a
long 6 _____ to China.
We live in a modern house,
and I’m afraid my husband and I often nag at the children. “Don’t make
the new carpet dirty, Paul!” “Be careful with the new table, Philip!”
Before
she died, Grandmother gave me the vase I loved so much.
It 7 _____ beautiful in our
modern hall.
One day I came home from the shop. The boys met me at the door. “I’m as
strong as George Bes, Mummy,” said Paul. “I got a goal and I broke the
vase.” Philip tried to be more diplomatic than Paul, “It doesn’t really
matter, does it? You told us it wasn’t new. You aren’t cross, are you?”
1. А) out Б) at В) into Г) about
2. А) mostly Б) great of В) greatly Г) most of
3. А) higher Б) larger В) taller Г) greater
4. А) about Б) around В) inside Г) outside
5. А) said Б) spoke В) talked Г) told
6. А) voyage Б) tour В) hike Г) excursion
7. А) looked Б) viewed В) appeared Г) seemed
Ответы:
1.
B) at
2.
D) most of
3.
C) taller
4.
C) inside
5.
D) told
6.
А) voyage
7.
А) looked
Прочитайте текст с
пропусками, обозначенными номерами 1 – 7. Эти номера
соответствуют заданиям 1 – 7, в которых представлены
возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.
1 _______ nearer, he decided to
go somewhere and read by himself.
He did not want the
amusements of the seaside, or the beauties of the countryside. He decided
to find a quiet, little town and work there undisturbed. He 2 ______ his
suitcase with clothes and books. Then he looked in a railway timetable
for a town that he did not know. He found one, and bought a ticket to go
there. He did not tell anyone where he was going. After all, he did not
want to be 3 ______.
That is how Moore arrived at
Benchurch. It was a market town, and once a week it was quite busy for a
few hours. The rest of the time it was a very quiet and sleepy place.
Moore spent his first night at the only hotel in the town. The landlady
was very kind and helpful, but the hotel was not really quiet enough for
him. The second day he started 4 ______ for a house
to rent.
There was only one place that
he liked. It was more than quiet – it was deserted and very lonely. It
was a big, old seventeenth-century house. It had barred windows like a
prison, and a high brick wall all around it. It would be hard to 5 ______ a
more unwelcoming place. But it suited Moore perfectly. He went to find
the local lawyer, who was responsible for the house.
Mr. Carnford, the lawyer, was
very happy to rent the house to him. “I’d be glad to let you have it
free,” he said, “. It’s been empty so long that people have started
to 6 ______ a lot of foolish stories about it.
You’ll be able to prove that the stories are wrong.
Moore didn’t think it was necessary
to ask the lawyer for more details of the foolish stories. He paid his
rent, and Mr. Carnford gave him the name of an old servant to 7 ______ him.
He came away from the lawyer with the keys of the house in his pocket.
|
1. |
A) |
appeared |
B) |
drew |
C) |
moved |
D) |
entered |
|
2. |
A) |
wrapped |
B) |
laid |
C) |
piled |
D) |
packed |
|
3. |
A) |
bothered |
B) |
intervened |
C) |
interfered |
D) |
helped |
|
4. |
A) |
finding |
B) |
looking |
C) |
skimming |
D) |
exploring |
|
5. |
A) |
understand |
B) |
imagine |
C) |
know |
D) |
seek |
|
6. |
A) |
extend |
B) |
promote |
C) |
gossip |
D) |
spread |
|
7. |
A) |
look at |
B) |
look about |
C) |
look after |
D) |
look around |
1.
B) drew
2.
D) packed
3.
A) bothered
4.
B) looking
5.
B) imagine
6.
D) spread
7.
C) look after
Прочитайте текст с
пропусками, обозначенными номерами 1 – 7. Эти номера
соответствуют заданиям 1 – 7, в которых представлены
возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.
Looking for
a job
My new home was a long way
from the center of London but it was becoming essential to find a job,
so 1 ______ I spent a whole morning getting to town
and applying to London Transport for a job on the tube. It turned out
that they were looking for guards, not drivers. This 2 ______ me.
I couldn’t drive a car but I could probably guard a train and perhaps
continue to write poems between stations. “Yes, I would be a tube guard,”
I thought. I could see myself being cheerful, useful, a good man in a
crisis.
The next day I sat down, with
almost a hundred other 3 ______, for the intelligence
test. I must have done all right because after half an hour’s wait I was
sent into another room for a psychological test. The examiner sat at a
desk. You were signaled forward to occupy the seat opposite him when the
previous occupant had been 4 ______. Sometimes the
person was rejected quickly and sometimes after quite a while. Obviously
the longer interviews were the most successful ones. Mine was the only
one that lasted a minute and a half. I can remember the questions now:
“Why did you leave your last job, “Why did you leave your job before
that? “And the one before?” I can’t 5 ______ my
answers, except they were short at first and grew shorter as we
continued. His closing statement 6 ______ a lack of
sensitivity, which helped to explain why as a psychologist he had risen
no higher than the underground railway. “You have failed this test and we
are unable to offer you a position.” Failing to get that job was my low
point. Or so I thought, believing that the work was easy. Actually, such
a job 7 ______ exactly this sort of elementary
responsibility a dreamer like me is unlikely to have. But, I was still
far short of self-understanding as well as short of cash.
|
1. |
A) |
finally |
B) |
at the end |
C) |
lastly |
D) |
in conclusion |
|
2. |
A) |
comforted |
B) |
matched |
C) |
fitted |
D) |
suited |
|
3. |
A) |
friends |
B) |
members |
C) |
candidates |
D) |
nominees |
|
4. |
A) |
declined |
B) |
dismissed |
C) |
accepted |
D) |
abandoned |
|
5. |
A) |
recall |
B) |
memorize |
C) |
forget |
D) |
remind |
|
6. |
A) |
discovered |
B) |
revealed |
C) |
disguised |
D) |
opened |
|
7. |
A) |
expects |
B) |
offers |
C) |
demands |
D) |
asks |
Ответы:
1.
A) finally
2.
D) suited
3.
C) candidates
4.
B) dismissed
5.
A) recall
6.
B) revealed
7.
C) demands
Прочитайте текст с
пропусками, обозначенными номерами 1 – 7. Эти номера
соответствуют заданиям 1 – 7, в которых представлены
возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.
Tracy
Tracy was as excited as a
child about her first trip abroad. Early in the morning, she stopped at
a 1 ______ agency and reserved a suite on the
Signal Deck of the Queen Elizabeth II. The next three days
she spent buying clothes and luggage.
On the morning of the
sailing, Tracy hired a limousine to drive her to the pier. When she 2 ______ at
Pier 90, where the Queen Elizabeth II was docked, it was
crowded with photographers and television reporters, and for a moment
Tracy was panic stricken. Then she realized they were interviewing the
two men posturing at the foot of the gangplank. The members of the crew
were helping the passengers with their luggage. On deck, a steward looked
at Tracy’s ticket and 3 ______ her to her
stateroom. It was a lovely suite with a private terrace. It had been
ridiculously expensive but Tracy 4 ______ it was worth
it.
She unpacked and then
wandered along the corridor. In almost every cabin there were farewell
parties going on, with laughter and champagne and conversation. She felt
a sudden ache of loneliness. There was no one to see her 5 ______,
no one for her to care about, and no one who cared about her. She was
sailing into a completely unknown future.
Suddenly she felt the huge
ship shudder as the tugs started to pull it out of the harbor, and she
stood 6 ______ the passengers on the boat deck, watching
the Statue of Liberty slide out of 7 ______, and then
she went exploring.
|
1. |
A) |
journey |
B) |
Trip |
C) |
travel |
D) |
tourist |
|
2. |
A) |
achieved |
B) |
Arrived |
C) |
entered |
D) |
reached |
|
3. |
A) |
set |
B) |
Came |
C) |
headed |
D) |
directed |
|
4. |
A) |
determined |
B) |
Resolved |
C) |
decided |
D) |
assured |
|
5. |
A) |
in |
B) |
Off |
C) |
of |
D) |
after |
|
6. |
A) |
among |
B) |
Along |
C) |
between |
D) |
besides |
|
7. |
A) |
glance |
B) |
Stare |
C) |
sight |
D) |
look |
Ответы:
1.
C) travel
2.
B) arrived
3.
D) directed
4.
C) decided
5.
B) off
6.
A) among
7.
C) sight
Прочитайте
текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 1 – 7. Эти номера
соответствуют заданиям 1 – 7, в которых представлены
возможные варианты ответов (A, B, C, D). Установите соответствие номера пропуска варианту ответа.
Busy Day
Let me tell you what happened once when my dear
Uncle Podger decided to hang a picture on the wall. He told us not
to 1 ______ and just watch him do it.
He said he would do it by himself. Well, he came up to the picture which
was waiting to be put up in the dining room and took it. But suddenly it
fell down and the glass 2 ______ into
pieces and he cut his finger. He started to 3 ______ his
handkerchief but couldn’t find it because he had put it in his coat and
none of us knew where his coat was.
“Six of you!” Uncle Podger exclaimed, “and you cannot find the coat that
I put down only five minutes ago!” But then he got up from his chair and
found that he had been sitting on his coat the whole time. “Oh, you can
stop your 4 ______. I’ve found it myself!”
Then after an hour was spent in tying up his finger Uncle Podger wondered
where the hammer had disappeared to. And while everybody was trying to
get the hammer he was standing on the chair saying: “Well, I want to know
if you are going to 5 ______ me here all
evening!”
Finally the hammer was found, but we noticed that the nail which he had
prepared was lost. And, of course, Uncle Podger didn’t
keep 6 ______ while he was waiting for
another nail to be brought. We heard all he had to say about our habit of
losing all the things he needed.
When the picture was hanging on the wall at last, everybody looked
very 7 ______, all except Uncle Podger, who
was lively as ever. Aunt Maria remarked that if Uncle Podger wanted to do
a job like that again, she would spend a week with her mother until it
was over.
1. A) scare
B) disturb C) worry D) fear
2. A) failed B)
broke C) ruined D) fell
3. A) look at B) look to
C) look after D) look for
4. A) search B)
investigation C) exploration D) study
5. A) stay B)
keep C) put D) take
6. A) dumb B)
cool C) still D) silent
7. A) dull B)
tired C) fresh D) boring
Ответы:
1.
C) worry
2.
B) broke
3.
D) look for
4.
A) search
5.
B) keep
6.
D) silent
7.
B) tired
Прочитайте
текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 1 – 7. Эти номера
соответствуют заданиям 1 – 7, в которых представлены
возможные варианты ответов (A, B, C, D). Установите соответствие номера пропуска варианту ответа.
A
Storyteller
In my early 20s, after a year and a half in
England, and four months in France, I returned to the United States and
got a job at a camp in northern Virginia. My 1 ______ that
summer was Dan from Mississippi, and I am from Rhode Island. We worked
together with a group of boys from 12 to 14 years old. I’ve always been a
bit untidy, but Dan was 2 ______ and
clean, even after a night in the woods with our campers. We could not
have been more different, but we got on because we shared the
same 3 ______ of humor.
At the end of the summer, a few of us went to 4 ______ a
cave in West Virginia and got stuck in the cave for the night. It wasn’t
as dramatic as it sounds. The park rangers had told us to stay there if
anything happened. They knew where we were going, and when we should have
been back. Dan hurt his right foot badly. So we had to 5
______ the night in the cave. Food and water were not a problem,
but we turned off our lights to save power. In the distance, we could
hear the sound of running water.
To 6 ______ the time, we told stories. That
night in the cave we moved from one family story to another. As the night
wore on, I remembered more and more. I was not alone–the cave, the blue
light and the flowing water released stories and memories that we had
never revealed to anyone. It was as if a river of stories had started
flowing in each of us.
When the rangers came the next morning, we didn’t want
to 7 ______. «Can’t we just tell a few
more stories?» In the cave, that night, I became a storyteller.
1. A) friend
B) teammate C) partner D) opponent
2. A) clear B)
neat C) exact D) careful
3. A) feeling B)
emotion C) reason D) sense
4. A) explore B)
analyze C) teach D) learn
5. A) lead B)
spend C) hold D) waste
6. A) keep B)
waste C) spare D) pass
7. A) escape B) leave C)
remain D) retire
Ответы:
1.
C) partner
2.
B) neat
3.
D) sense
4.
A) explore
5.
B) spend
6.
D) pass
7.
B) leave
Прочитайте
текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 1 – 7.
Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 1 – 7, в которых
представлены возможные варианты ответов (A, B, C, D). Установите
соответствие номера пропуска варианту ответа.
New
York City: Nostalgia for the Old Neighbourhood
Life
is made up of little things: some unimportant memories from childhood
that, in fact, shaped your character. I 1 ______ on
Third Avenue in midtown Manhattan during the 1950s-60s where family life
was centred around old 2 ______ of
flats and small stores. Third Avenue was my old neighbourhood and it had
character. It was 3 ______ with working
families of Italian, German and Irish origin. We shopped together with
all those people and their kids played together. Third Avenue influenced
the way our family lived. I absorbed the street life. It gave me
an 4 ______ that I could not have
received in any other place. To me, it was home.
In a recent walk around Third Avenue my eyes 5 ______ signs
of the old neighbourhood but couldn’t find any. If I hadn’t been born
here and someone described the area, it would be 6 ______ to
believe. It wasn’t because a few buildings had changed – everything had
changed. The transformation began in the late 1950s and 60s when
corporations replaced the old neighbourhood. In the early 1960s, the
houses were pulled down. Families were forced to 7
______, the small stores went out of business and the old
neighbourhood was changed forever. And now there is a lack of character
in the transformed neighbourhood.
1. A)
brought up B) grew up C) went up D) got up
2. A) blocks B)
houses C) groups D) sets
3. A) covered B)
held C) loaded D) filled
4. A) knowledge B)
information C) education D) training
5. A) looked after B)
looked for C) looked through D) looked at
6. A) hard B)
easy C) strange D) heavy
7. A) stay out B) take out
C) move out D) go out
Ответы:
1.
B) grew up
2.
A) blocks
3.
D) filled
4.
C) education
5.
B) looked for
6.
A) hard
7.
C) move out
Прочитайте
текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 1 – 7. Эти номера
соответствуют заданиям 1 – 7, в которых представлены
возможные варианты ответов (A, B, C, D). Установите соответствие номера
пропуска варианту ответа.
To Hear A Child
I
believe in patience. I
live as a volunteer residential counselor in a small group home. These
boys have brought joy and happiness into my life; they have made me laugh
and made me proud. However, they have also challenged me, made me angry
and tested my patience.
Each day we start anew, going about a 1 ______ routine.
I drive them to school, pick them up, cook for them and help with
homework. We spend the evenings 2 ______ about
what happened during the day. I meet their teachers and study for tests
with them. They are the last people I see each night and the first ones I
hear in the morning. They have become a 3 ______ of
my life. I am twenty-two and am beginning to understand the love of a
parent.
I could not have come this far without patience. They do not think like
miniature adults and it is not fair to expect them to. 4 ______ my
expectations of them are high, I must remember that so much of what they
see and understand is for the first time. First loves, first failed test,
first time feeling the need to break away from the nest. I must have
patience with them, because there is still a child within that comes out
when I least expect it.
This world is a fast-paced, fast food, fast-internet
place. 5 ______, no matter how fast things
move, children will be children. I believe they will mature quicker and
with more tools if I am patient. I see it in their eyes. Over time, sad
eyes can glisten again, but only if I am 6 ______ of
the fact that it takes them longer to get somewhere.
I see around them a world that expects too much of them. They
come 7 ______ too many things that give
them too much sadness. They listen to me, respect me and understand
reason but not always when I want them to. This opportunity has given me
wisdom but only when I was patient enough to hear a child.
1. A) daily B)
common C) average D) traditional
2. A) discussing B) debating
C) talking D) saying
3. A) bit B)
part C) parcel D) piece
4. A) also B)
altogether C) although D) thus
5. A) nevertheless
B) nevermore C) although D) therefore
6. A) common B)
familiar C) aware D) acquainted
7. A) through B)
along C) upon D) across
Ответы:
1.
A) daily
2.
C) talking
3.
B) part
4.
C) Although
5.
A) Nevertheless
6.
C) aware
7.
D) across
Прочитайте
текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 1 – 7. Эти номера
соответствуют заданиям 1 – 7, в которых представлены
возможные варианты ответов (A, B, C, D). Установите соответствие номера
пропуска варианту ответа.
Bo
It
was raining. The rain started early in the morning and it seemed, that it
would never stop. Looking out of the window, Bo was thinking about his
telephone conversation. Raindrops spattered the windshield as the taxi
sliced through 1 ______ traffic on Park
Avenue. There were too many cars as usual. When it had skidded to a halt
at the curb, Bo gave a ten-dollar bill to the driver. That included a
very generous tip. He 2 ______ his
point of destination and was ready to take on Frank Ramsey. He had called
Ramsey that morning from the Yale club and demanded the meeting. Ramsey
had tried to avoid it but Bo insisted and Ramsey gave 3 ______.
At the building’s revolving doors, Bo glanced back over his shoulder
through the rain and noticed a woman standing on the sidewalk a short
distance away. In the dim light he could not get a clear picture.
She 4 ______ so much like Tiffany. She
was wearing a yellow top and had long blond hair. Standing
absolutely 5 ______ beneath her
umbrella while everything around her moved, she seemed to be gazing
sraight at him. His heart 6 ______, the way
it always did when he saw her. He couldn’t help it. Bo strained
to 7 ______ sight of her as he was
jostled into the doorway. When he cleared the doors, the woman had
already disappeared.
1. A) solid
B) heavy C) hard D) difficult
2. A) achieved B)
arrived C) entered D) reached
3. A) to B) on
C) in D) off
4. A) stared B)
gazed C) looked D) glanced
5. A) inert B)
static C) quiet D) still
6. A) set B)
sank C) moved D) dropped
7. A) keep B)
hold C) take D) give
Ответы:
1.
B) heavy
2.
D) reached
3.
C) in
4.
C) looked
5.
D) still
6.
B) sank
7.
A) keep
Задания 19-25
Secret
of the Sahara
This is a story about a
strange discovery made in the great Sahara Desert. In 1933 a French officer ___WAS_RIDING___ in the Sahara through
a deep canyon in a mountain range where no other European had ever been.
Suddenly he saw that the
walls of the canyon ___WERE_COVERED___ with age-old carvings and paintings of strange unknown
animals.
News of the discovery soon
___BROUGHT___ many experts of all
kinds to the place.
Dinosaur
Facts
Dinosaurs lived on our
planet millions of years ago. Some of them were very big. Now only their giant
bones and footprints ___ARE_FOUND___.
Millions of years ago, the
world did not look like it does today. Many of the animals that walked the land
had bodies low to the ground and legs on the sides of their bodies. As time
passed, the land changed. The animals changed too. Some of the animals now had
legs under their bodies. They moved ___FASTER___ than the other
animals.
___THESE___ new animals were the first dinosaurs. They came in all
sizes. Some were about 75 feet long.
The dinosaurs all died
about 65 million years ago. Some people think that it got too cold for the
dinosaurs. Other people think the dinosaurs ___COULD_NOT___ find enough food to
eat. Still, no one is sure why the dinosaurs all died.
Leaving
School at Sixteen
In Britain many young
people decide to leave school at the age of 16 and go to a Further Education
College. Here most of the courses ___ARE_LINKED___ to some kind of practical vocational training in
engineering, typing, cooking, etc. Some 16-year-olds leave school but cannot
find work. At the same time they ___DO_NOT_WANT___ to go to college. For them the British government ___HAS_INTRODUCED___ the Young
Opportunities Scheme. This scheme places young people with a firm or a factory
for 6 months and pays them a small wage.
Spectators
at the Ancient Olympic Games
Nowadays people all over
the world can watch the Olympics on TV or listen to the sports news over the
radio. They ___DO_NOT_HAVE___ to travel to Greece or any other country to see the sports
competition.
In ancient times, the
Olympic festival ___BROUGHT___ huge numbers of
visitors to Olympia. They came from all over the Greek world, from Greek
colonies in Italy, Turkey, Egypt and Ukraine. There were so many visitors that
___MOST___ people had to sleep
outside, under the stars. Foreigners ___VISITING___ Greece had a
warm welcome.
Ответы:
1.
C) afford
2.
B) charge
3.
D) rents
4.
C) tuition
5.
C) expenses
6.
А) thief
7.
C) breaking
Sharing music with friends
Brenda is a nineteen-year old full-time college student, and she
earns money working part time as a waitress. Brenda loves to listen to music
like most young people, but she can’t __afford__ the high CD prices that record companies __charge__ for popular CDs. Brenda says that the prices of CDs are ridiculously
high at $17 to $20 each and there are only two or three good songs on each CD.
She __rents__ an
apartment with three other roommates. She pays her own __tuition__ and she also pays most of her __expenses__. Her solution to expensive CDs is to download or copy music
from the Internet. Brenda and millions of other people are called “downloaders”
because they download free file-sharing software and music.
When Brenda later gives, shares, or trades her music files free
over the Internet, she is also an uploader. She considers herself an active
music uploader, but the music industry considers her a __thief__. From 2001 on, the Recording Industry Association of America
has sued and fined dozens of file-sharing services, for uploading music files,
and hundreds of people, for __breaking__ the law by downloading music.
Ответы:
1.
D) maintain
2.
B) affected
3.
D) case
4.
B) display
5.
А) remains
6.
C) appreciated
7.
А) dates
To the North of London
The Aldenham Country Park is a large and pleasant area
easily reached if you are travelling north out of London. It is worth visiting
if you want a quick breath of fresh air and a reasonably attractive place for a
brief picnic. The most important point of the park is Aldenham Reservoir. It
was built in 1796 to __maintain__ the
water level in the river __affected__ by the
newly constructed Grand Union Canal, and more recently has been used as a
reserve public water supply.
Not far from there lies the busy town of Watford which can be
recommended for a brief visit. And in any __case__ much more interesting stretches of the canal are met further
north. And if you make your way through the town you can visit the Watford
Museum in the High Street which has materials on printing and paper-making on
__display__. The
picture gallery has changing exhibitions of works by artists who lived or
painted in the area.
Another attraction of the neighbourhood is a fascinating complex
of Roman buildings, the __remains__ of a
great city, once the third largest centre of Roman Britain. The private houses
were impressive, many of them furnished with mosaic floors. The beauty of the
mosaics can hardly be described on paper, and it is best __appreciated__ by standing and looking for a while. The
other principal Roman site to be visited is a long stretch of the city wall
which __dates__ back
to the 3rd century.
Ответы:
1.
C) area
2.
D) favour
3.
B) contact
4.
B) witnessed
5.
D) required
6.
C) involves
7.
А) breaking
Searching for a New Programme
A healthy lifestyle can vastly improve your well-being.
This is a lifestyle designed for those who wish to feel more certain about
their health and more in control of what the present and future will bring them
in that important __area__ of
existence. None of us wants to be sick. None of us enjoys the idea that we may
become a medical statistic. This is a simple, easy-to-follow health-style that
can enable you to get cards very much in your __favour__. The doctors were fortunate enough to come into __contact__ with a field of study that brought them to healing and
well-being that they so desperately needed. They personally have __witnessed__ thousands of people improve their health
using only a small part of information.
Many more people begin to improve their health now. Embracing
the most current information from many health-related fields, the programme of
healthy lifestyle gives you an understanding of the impact of exercise,
breathing, sunshine, sleep and much more on your health. In order for this
programme to work for you, you have to be willing to apply at least some part
of it. Some change will be __required__. And as you make those first modest changes, you will get
positive results that encourage you to do more. Changing is fun. And if you
realize that your new healthy lifestyle __involves__ the making of new habits,
not the __breaking__ of old
ones, you will feel very positive about what the future holds for you.
Ответы:
1.
B) unusual
2.
A) stand
3.
D) fear
4.
C) wear
5.
B) stare
6.
A) up
7.
C) ashamed
8.
B) sorry
Ordinary
“Ordinary” was the worst word she could find for anything.
She and I would argue fiercely because I wanted to be ordinary as desperately
as my mother wanted to be __unusual__ .
“I can’t __stand__ that
hair-do”, she said when I went to the hairdresser with my friend and came back
with a pageboy haircut straight out of Seventeen magazine, “It’s so terribly
ordinary”. Not ugly, not unsuitable. But ordinary.
Her __fear__ of
ordinariness came out most strongly in her clothes.
“Couldn’t you please __wear__ something else?” I asked her when she was dressing for
Parents’ Day in tight-fitting pants and a bright pink sweater, with a Mexican
cape.
“What’s wrong with my outfit?”
What wasn’t wrong with it!
“It’s just that I wish it would be something more plain,” I said
sheepishly, “something that people won’t __stare__ at.”
She looked at me angrily and drew herself __up__ to her full height of five feet ten inches.
“Are you __ashamed__ of
your own mother? Because if you are, Isadora, I feel __sorry__ for you. I really do.”
Ответы:
1.
D) expedition
2.
B) sailed
3.
A) proved
4.
C) shore
5.
A) look after
6.
D) who
7.
B) area
8.
A) discovery
Alaska
The first Europeans to visit what is now called Alaska were
Russian sailors led by Captain Bering. The __expedition__ was funded by Russian czar Peter the
Great. In 1728 Bering and his crew __sailed__ through the strait that is now named after him, between the
easternmost part of Asia and the westernmost part of the Americas. Their
journey __proved__ that
Asia was not connected to North America; however, due to the heavy fog, they
never actually saw the nearby land of North America. In 1741 Bering headed
further south, landing on tiny Kayak Island off the __shore__ of what is now the southeastern part of the state.
In the 1780s and 1790s Russians began small colonies, first on
Kodiak Island and later on the mainland. In 1799 the Russian-American Company
was established to __look_after__
Russian interests. For the next 68 years the company provided the only form of
government for the European colonists, __who__ never numbered more than a few hundred. The Russians ruled
the __area__ until
the late 1860s, when they sold it to the United States for $7.2 million
dollars.
The __discovery__ of
gold in 1896 in the Yukon Territory started a huge gold rush that brought
thousands of settlers.
Ответы:
1.
C) rather
2.
D) avoid
3.
B) called
4.
B) threatened
5.
A) convince
6.
C) coping
7.
B) deal
8.
D) round
The First Day at School
Do you remember your first day at school? It was probably __rather__ confusing. Now, to __avoid__ this confusion, many primary schools in England have a
special teacher who welcomes new pupils. She is __called__ a reception class teacher. The children are __threatened__ with the idea of school and if they have
been good, they can’t understand why they have to go to school. They imagine
that school is optional. When the child goes to school on his first day and
watches his mother leaving he thinks that she is deserting him. The teacher
must __convince__ him
that at the end of the day his mother will be back and take him home. The
children are not the only people that are disturbed by going to school. The
teacher sometimes has as much difficulty in __coping__ with the mothers. They hang around and dislike leaving the
child without their protection.
The best way to __deal__ with the situation is to get the child used to the idea of
school. Before the beginning of term, the mother should take her child to see
the teacher and to look __round__ the
school. The first day should be something to emphasize the regularity of
school.
Ответы:
1.
B) designing
2.
C) expedition
3.
A) like
4.
D) thanks
5.
C) food
6.
D) increase
7.
A) solutions
8.
B) harming
Your Future World
What will you be doing in 2025? Will you be living in an
undersea research station? Will you be the chief engineer __designing__ a bridge across the Atlantic Ocean? Will
you be leading an __expedition__ to the
planet Mars? Will you be …?
You can daydream, of course, but nobody knows exactly what the
world will be __like__. But
scientists have made some guesses.
Based on the advances made, they believe people will be
healthier. Diphtheria, malaria, tuberculosis, polio and many other killers are
under control now. These diseases are on the way out, __thanks__ to germ-killing chemicals, new ways of finding out about our
bodies, and new ways of providing clean, safe __food__ and water.
Healthier people live longer, so we can expect the world’s population
to __increase__
sharply. It may double in the next forty years! This brings up a serious
problem: how will we find food, water, and minerals for such a huge population?
Scientists are at work on some __solutions__. From the ocean they hope to get new
fertilizers to increase the yield of the soil; new chemicals to kill
crop-destroying insects without __harming__ other animals, new sources of water or supplies of food.
Ответы:
1.
B) reach
2.
D) shining
3.
C) for
4.
B) faraway
5.
D) quite
6.
C) adds
7.
A) into
8.
B) Otherwise
Light from the Past
When you stand and look at the stars, you are really looking at
past history. The light from Alkaid, the end star in the handle of the Big
Dipper, has taken about 210 years to __reach__ your eyes. If Alkaid stopped __shining__ today, people on earth would still see it __for__ about 210 years. Some of the stars you see here tonight may
have stopped existing several thousand years ago. The light from some __faraway__ stars right now will not be seen on earth until thousands, or
even millions, of years from now!
It’s __quite__
breathtaking, and it __adds__ to the
great mystery about the nature of light. Think about water waves. They get
smaller and smaller in amplitude as they travel. Their energy is lost in friction
among the water molecules. Think of sound waves in air. They too get weaker and
weaker because of friction among the air molecules.
But light waves stop only if they strike something, and their
energy is transferred __into__
another form. __Otherwise__, they
can go on and on, at the same terrific speed, with no loss of energy, forever!
11th form
к пересказу
*
ПРО REPORTED SPEECH ЧИТАЙТЕ НА СТРАНИЦЕ http://l-v-solomatova.blogspot.ru/p/10-th-form.html, НАЙДИТЕ ТАМ ЗАГОЛОВОК REPORTED SPEECH (СРАЗУ ПОСЛЕ СМАЙЛОВ), ПЕРЕЙДИТЕ ПО ССЫЛКЕ И ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ НА КАРТИНКИ, ГДЕ СОБРАНЫ УКАЗАТЕЛЬНЫЕ МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ И НАРЕЧИЯ.
*
Аудирование
Выполните № 406
Ссылка на сайт, где вам прочитают английский текст: http://www.acapela-group.com/ (там надо выбрать вариант ENGLISH (UK))
Text1
This air freshener is called «Sweet Baby», and if you spray it round, your room will have the odor of perfumed baby nappies. You probably wouldn’t like it, especially if you don’t have or want a baby. Moreover, the label on it states openly that it is harmful to the environment.
That is new about it is that this air freshener operates on electricity, which means you will be wasting energy together with filling the air with unwanted perfume. If you have your air freshener on for 15 hours a day, one refill will last for up to 80 days.
Text 2
Go to any chemist’s and you will find a big variety of them: makeup remover wipes, hand wipes, tooth wipes, wood wipes, dog wipes, window wipes and houseplant leaf wipes, each containing some special compound that makes them particularly suitable for a certain type of usage. The whole wipes industry exploits the idea that a separate disposable cloth for every chore exists. I actually find that many of them are exceedingly unnecessary. For example, I wouldn’t choose to buy any houseplant leaf wipes since I wash my plants with soft soap foam harder a nice cool shower! And they like it!
Modals
№1
Choose the correct option to fill in the gaps:
1. Paul……………… be at home; he always works until 9 p.m.
a) can’t b) mustn’t c) can
2. My sister …………… come back from London tonight, but I’m not sure.
a) may b) ought to c) must
3. Carl …………… speak a word of English before travelling to Britain.
a) can’t b) wasn’t able to c) wasn’t allowed to
4. Mary ………… have forgotten our appointment. Why isn’t she here?
a) can b) must c) may
5. …………… I use your phone, please?
a) Must b) Should c) May
№2
Underline the correct structure to complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one.
1. I advise you to try it again.
You should / ´re allowed to try it again.
2. Do you think I could use your dictionary?
May I/ Do I have to use your dictionary?
3. We are forbidden to leave our car here.
We don´t have to / mustn´t leave our car here.
4. I recommend this film to you. It´s fantastic.
You have to / must see this film. It´s fantastic.
5. If I were you, I wouldn´t go there.
You shouldn´t / don´t have to go there.
6. His parents don´t let him go out late at night.
He isn´t able to / isn´t allowed to go out late at night.
7. I was very good at chess when I was younger.
I could / had to play chess very well when I was younger.
8. Diving isn´t possible at this holiday resort.
You shouldn´t / can´t dive at this holiday resort.
9. It´s not necessary to come too early tomorrow.
You don´t have to / mustn´t come too early tomorrow.
10. Is it OK if I turn on the heating?
Can / Would I turn on the heating?
Для ЕГЭ
Modal verbs
№3
Secret of the Sahara
This is a story about a strange discovery made in the great Sahara Desert. In 1933 a French officer _________
RIDE
_________ in the Sahara through a deep canyon in a mountain range where no other European had ever been.
Suddenly he saw that the walls of the canyon _________
COVER
_________ with age-old carvings and paintings of strange unknown animals.
News of the discovery soon _________
BRING
_________ many experts of all kinds to the place.
Dinosaur Facts
Dinosaurs lived on our planet millions of years ago. Some of them were very big. Now only their giant bones and footprints ________
FIND
__________.
Millions of years ago, the world did not look like it does today. Many of the animals that walked the land had bodies low to the ground and legs on the sides of their bodies. As time passed, the land changed. The animals changed too. Some of the animals now had legs under their bodies. They moved _________
FAST
_________ than the other animals.
________
THIS
__________ new animals were the first dinosaurs. They came in all sizes. Some were about 75 feet long.
The dinosaurs all died about 65 million years ago. Some people think that it got too cold for the dinosaurs. Other people think the dinosaurs _________
NOT CAN
_________ find enough food to eat. Still, no one is sure why the dinosaurs all died.
ДЛЯ ТЕХ, КТО СДАЕТ ЕГЭ 2
Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты.
A phone call
Among the e-mails waiting for me at work one morning was one from a member of my staff. It was sent from his personal e-mail address and there was only his home phone number. Thinking something was wrong, I immediately called _______HE___________.
A sleepy female voice answered and told me he was at work and _______
COME
_______ home late in the evening.
The ______
BAD
_________ moment was when I remembered that I had recently asked staff members to give me their home numbers. I went right down to the employee’s office to apologize for my call.
_______
LATE
________, however, he thanked me. I had awakened his daughter, who had an exam that morning but had forgotten to set her alarm. Thanks to my call, she hadn’t missed the exam.
New Seven Wonders of the World: Machu Picchu
Machu Picchu, often called «The Lost City of the Incas», is probably the most famous symbol of the Incan Empire. Machu Picchu is situated 7,875 _______
FOOT
________ above sea level in Peru.
Machu Picchu _______
BUILD
_______ around the year 1460 by the Inca as a secret ceremonial city, very well hidden and protected.
The ruins of Machu Picchu were rediscovered in 1911 by an American archaeologist. Since then, Machu Picchu _______
BECOME
________ an important tourist attraction. Thousands of visitors come here every year to admire its wonders.
Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами, так чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B10. Впишите слова в поле ответа.
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Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22–А28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22–А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. Vicky Vicky Forth was an optimist, and she had been for all of her life; even when she was a child, her A22 ______ had been positive. Her glass was always half full, never half empty; tomorrow would be a much better day than today; the future was full of promise and success. She A23 ______ her best to look at the bright side of things. How right she had been to encourage her daughter to be optimistic, to set her sights on Oxford University. Women were not yet admitted to membership of the University, but they could A24 ______lectures, take courses, and sit for examinations. Grace Rose would be able to do all of these things, and would be well A25 ______ after by Vicky’s dear old friend Millicent, now widowed, who had a lovely new house in Oxford. It had been an inspired idea to write to her. Vicky was relieved and happy for her daughter, who was a wonderful student. She hoped to be a historian one day. Vicky always thought that A26 ______ up children was so exciting. She remembered that her husband was waiting for her downstairs. After A27 ______ on her dress and stepping into matching rose-colored shoes, Vicky went back to her dressing-table and selected a pair of diamond earrings and a matching brooch made of silver. She looked at herself in the large looking glass in one corner of the room. Vicky A28 ______ she liked her appearance. |
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ДЛЯ ТЕХ, КТО СДАЕТ ЕГЭ 1
Global Language
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It is difficult to tell exactly how many languages there are in the world today. __________________ say there are about 2,700 languages, but no one has ever made a more definite count. |
SCIENCE |
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In most countries there are at least two native languages, and in some cases — as in Cameroon — there are hundreds. The number of languages __________________ changes as tribes die out or linguistic groups are absorbed. |
NATURAL |
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Nowadays, globalization influences the __________________ of languages. New words appear, existing words acquire new meanings, native words give way to international terms. |
DEVELOP |
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Almost all languages change. A rare exception is written Icelandic, which has changed so little that __________________ of modern Icelandic can read sagas written a thousand years ago. |
SPEAK |
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If you drew a map of Europe based on languages, it would be different from a conventional map. For example, Switzerland would practically __________________, becoming part of the surrounding areas of French, Italian, and German. |
APPEAR |
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Italy, too, would appear on the map not as one language, but as a whole __________________ of broadly related but often mutually incomprehensible dialects. |
VARY |
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Mark’s Visit to Ravenscar Mark and Fenella were the first to arrive at Ravenscar. Mark had not been to Ravenscar for a long time, but even so he had not forgotten the spectacular A22 ______ from the library windows. As he and Fenella were ushered into the room by Cecily Deravenel, he A23 ______ his best not to rush over to the windows to enjoy the view. “It’s lovely to see you both,” Cecily was A24 ______, and then her face broke into smiles. “Ah, here’s Bess, your greatest admirer, Fenella. And Nanny with the other children.” A moment later Fenella and Cecily were surrounded by the youngsters, all clamoring for attention, and Mark took the opportunity to walk to the other end of the room. Mark always thought that A25 ______up children was so boring. Turning around Mark allowed his eyes to sweep the room for an admiring moment, taking in long shelves of books, several memorable paintings, and the handsome antiques, made of dark, ripe woods. There were A26 ______ sofas and chairs arranged near the huge stone fireplace. A27 ______the warm weather, a log fire was blazing. It was a pleasure to be in such a nice room. His eyes settled on Fenella, who was momentarily preoccupied with the youngsters, and he had to admit he had never seen such beautiful children in his life. They might have just stepped out of a portrait by one of the greatest artists of the eighteenth century, Thomas Gainsborough, George Romney, Sir Joshua Reynolds. Suddenly he A28 ______ he had had children. |
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Географическое название – это имя собственное, которое обозначает какой-то географический объект. Раз это имена собственные, значит, мы будем писать их с большой буквы. С этой группой существительных мы используем определенный или нулевой артикли. Из этой статьи вы узнаете, какой артикль нужен с тем или иным названием.
- Артикли с географическими названиями – это часть одной большой темы «Артикли с именами собственными».
Артикль the с географическими названиями
В эту группу входят существительные, которые используются с артиклем the. Но не удивляйтесь, когда откроете атлас мира и увидите, что все имена собственные указаны без артиклей. В картах названия принято давать без артиклей, чтобы они занимали меньше места.
Определенный артикль употребляется с географическими названиями, которые обозначают:
- Стороны света (cardinal points):
- the North / the north – Север (как территориальное обозначение) / север (как направление);
- the South / the south – Юг (как территориальное обозначение) / юг (как направление);
- the East / the east – Восток (как территориальное обозначение) / восток (как направление);
- the West / the west – Запад (как территориальное обозначение) / запад (как направление).
Обратите внимание, когда мы обозначаем направление, то можем использовать и определенный артикль, и нулевой.
The downtown is to the north of the city. – Центр города находится севернее.
They were going from east to west. – Они шли с востока на запад.
- Полюса, полушария (poles, hemispheres):
- the North Pole – Северный полюс;
- the South Pole – Южный полюс;
- the Western Hemisphere / the western hemisphere – Западное полушарие (как территориальное обозначение) / западное полушарие (как направление);
- the Eastern Hemisphere / the eastern hemisphere – Восточное полушарие (как территориальное обозначение) / восточное полушарие (как направление);
- the Northern Hemisphere / the northern hemisphere – Северное полушарие (как территориальное обозначение) / северное полушарие (как направление);
- the Southern Hemisphere / the southern hemisphere – Южное полушарие (как территориальное обозначение) / южное полушарие (как направление).
- Регионы (regions):
- the Far East – Дальний Восток;
- the north of Canada – север Канады;
- the Middle East – Ближний Восток;
- the Highlands – Северо-Шотландское нагорье;
- the south of England – юг Англии;
- the Caucasus – Кавказ.
- Страны (countries), названия которых представляют собой существительные во множественном числе:
- the Philippines – Филиппины;
- the Netherlands – Нидерланды;
- the United States of America – США;
- the United Arab Emirates – Объединенные Арабские Эмираты;
- the Baltic States – Прибалтика.
- Страны, в названии которых есть слова kingdom (королевство), republic (республика), federation (федерация):
- the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland – Объединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии;
- the Kingdom of Denmark – Королевство Дании;
- the Republic of Cuba – Республика Куба;
- the German Federal Republic – Федеративная Республика Германии;
- the Russian Federation – Российская Федерация;
- the Czech Republic – Чешская Республика;
- the People’s Republic of China – Китайская Народная Республика.
Если же называть страну без слов «республика», «королевство», «федерация», то артикль не нужен:
- Germany – Германия;
- Denmark – Дания;
- Russia – Россия.
- Океаны (oceans), проливы (straits), моря (seas), реки (rivers), каналы (canals/channels), течения (currents):
- the Atlantic Ocean – Атлантический океан;
- the Pacific Ocean – Тихий океан;
- the Indian Ocean – Индийский океан;
- the Black Sea – Черное море;
- the Dead Sea – Мертвое море;
- the Red Sea – Красное море;
- the Thames – Темза;
- the Volga – Волга;
- the Don – Дон;
- the Suez Canal – Суэцкий канал;
- the Strait of Magellan – Магелланов пролив;
- the Bosporus – пролив Босфор;
- the Bering Strait – Берингов пролив;
- the English Channel – Ла-Манш;
- the Panama Canal – Панамский канал;
- the Strait of Dover – Дуврский пролив / Па-де-Кале;
- the Strait of Gibraltar – Гибралтарский пролив;
- the Amazon – Амазонка;
- the Nile – Нил;
- the Gulf Stream – течение Гольфстрим;
- the Sea of Japan – Японское море.
- Полуострова (peninsulas), мысы (capes):
- the Indochinese Peninsula – полуостров Индокитай;
- the Balkan Peninsula – Балканский полуостров;
- the Iberian Peninsula – Пиренейский полуостров;
- the Cape of Good Hope – мыс Доброй Надежды.
Здесь есть несколько исключений:
- Cape Horn – мыс Горн;
- Cape Chelyuskin – мыс Челюскин.
- Группы озер (groups of lakes):
- the Great Lakes – Великие озера;
- the Seliger – Селигер.
Обратите внимание: если рядом с названием озера используется слово lake, то определенный артикль не нужен:
- Lake Baikal – озеро Байкал;
- Lake Ontario – озеро Онтарио;
- Lake Geneva – Женевское озеро.
- Группы островов (groups of islands):
- the Virgin Islands – Виргинские острова;
- the Canary Islands (the Canaries) – Канарские острова (Канары);
- the British Isles – Британские острова;
- the Bahamas – Багамы;
- the Azores – Азорские острова;
- the Falkland Islands – Фолклендские острова.
- Горные массивы (chains of mountains), холмы (hills):
- the Black Hills – Черные холмы;
- the Apennines – Апеннины;
- the Rocky Mountains – Скалистые горы;
- the Andes – Анды;
- the Urals – Уральские горы;
- the Alps – Альпы;
- the Margalla Hills – холмы Маргалла;
- the Seven Hills of Rome – семь холмов Рима;
- the Chocolate Hills – Шоколадные холмы;
- the Himalayas – Гималаи.
- Равнины (plains), долины (valleys), пустыни (deserts):
- the Great Plains – плато Великие равнины;
- the Willamette Valley – долина Уилламетт;
- the Jezreel Valley – Изреельская долина;
- the Mississippi Valley – долина Миссисипи;
- the Sahara Desert – пустыня Сахара;
- the Karakum Desert (the Kara Kum, the Kara-Kum) – Каракумы, пустыня Каракумы;
- the Kalahari Desert – Калахари;
- the Arabian Desert – пустыни Аравийского полуострова.
Обратите внимание: с названиями многих долин артикль не используется. Мы рекомендуем всегда проверять такие имена собственные в словаре, чтобы не ошибиться, например:
- Death Valley – Долина Смерти;
- Yosemite Valley – долина Йосемити;
- Monument Valley – Долина монументов.
- Заливы (gulfs/bays). Если в названии залива есть предлог of, то мы ставим артикль the, если предлога нет, артикль не нужен:
- the Gulf of Mexico – Мексиканский залив;
- the Gulf of Finland – Финский залив;
- the Gulf of Aden – Аденский залив;
- the Bay of Bengal – Бенгальский залив.
- Hudson Bay – Гудзонский залив;
- San Francisco Bay – залив Сан-Франциско.
Мы узнали, какие существительные используются с определенным артиклем. Теперь настал черед географических названий, которые в английском языке принято использовать без артикля.
Нулевой артикль с географическими названиями
Нулевой артикль используется со следующими названиями:
- Названия континентов (continents):
- Europe – Европа;
- Africa – Африка;
- South America – Южная Америка;
- North America – Северная Америка;
- Australia – Австралия;
- Asia – Азия.
- Страны, названия которых представляют собой существительные в единственном числе, города (cities), села (villages), штаты (states), провинции (provinces):
- France – Франция;
- Spain – Испания;
- California – Калифорния;
- Kiev – Киев;
- London – Лондон;
- Beijing – Пекин;
- Florida – Флорида;
- Quebec – Квебек.
Здесь есть несколько исключений, к ним относятся:
- the Hague – Гаага;
- the Vatican – Ватикан;
- the Congo – Конго.
Если в названии города появляется слово city, то тут же появляется определенный артикль и предлог of:
- the city of Moscow – город Москва;
- the city of Rome – город Рим.
- Названия отдельных островов (islands), гор (mountains), вулканов (volcanoes):
- Greenland – Гренландия;
- Java – Ява;
- Cyprus – Кипр;
- Madagascar – Мадагаскар;
- Jamaica – Ямайка;
- Vesuvius – Везувий;
- Mount Goverla – Говерла;
- Elbrus – Эльбрус;
- Kilimanjaro – Килиманджаро;
- Mount Etna – вулкан Этна;
- Mount Fuji – Фудзи, Фудзияма.
Secret of the Sahara
This is a story about a strange discovery made in the great Sahara Desert. In 1933 a French officer _________RIDE_________ in the Sahara through a deep canyon in a mountain range where no other European had ever been.
Suddenly he saw that the walls of the canyon _________COVER_________ with age-old carvings and paintings of strange unknown animals.
News of the discovery soon _________BRING_________ many experts of all kinds to the place.
Dinosaur Facts
Dinosaurs lived on our planet millions of years ago. Some of them were very big. Now only their giant bones and footprints ________FIND__________.
Millions of years ago, the world did not look like it does today. Many of the animals that walked the land had bodies low to the ground and legs on the sides of their bodies. As time passed, the land changed. The animals changed too. Some of the animals now had legs under their bodies. They moved _________FAST_________ than the other animals.
________THIS__________ new animals were the first dinosaurs. They came in all sizes. Some were about 75 feet long.
The dinosaurs all died about 65 million years ago. Some people think that it got too cold for the dinosaurs. Other people think the dinosaurs _________NOT CAN_________ find enough food to eat. Still, no one is sure why the dinosaurs all died.
‘It’s Only Me’
After her husband had gone to work, Mrs Richards sent her children to school and went upstairs to her bedroom. She was too excited to do any
1 ______ that morning, because in the evening she would be going to a fancy dress party with her husband. She intended to dress up as a ghost and she had 2 ______ her costume the night before. Now she was 3 ______ to try it on. Though the costume consisted only of a sheet, it was very effective. Mrs Richards put it 4 ______, looked in the mirror, smiled and went downstairs. She wanted to find out whether it would be 5 ______ to wear.
Just as Mrs Richards was entering the dining-room, there was a 6 ______ on the front door. She knew that it must be the baker. She had told him to come straight in if ever she failed to open the door and to leave the bread on the kitchen table. Not wanting to 7 ______ the poor man, Mrs Richards quickly hid in the small store-room under the stairs. She heard the front door open and heavy footsteps in the hall. Suddenly the door of the store-room was opened and a man entered. Mrs Richards realized that it must be the man from the Electricity Board who had come to read the meter. She tried to 8 ______ the situation, saying ‘It’s only me’, but it was too late. The man let out a cry and jumped back several paces. When Mrs Richards walked towards him, he ran away, slamming the door behind him.
1. А) homework; Б) household; В) housework; Г) housewife
2. А) did; Б) made; В) built; Г) created
3. А) nervous; Б) restless; В) ill at ease; Г) impatient
4. А) up; Б) on; В) over; Г) down
5. А) attractive; Б) exciting; В) comfortable; Г) cozy
6. А) knock; Б) kick; В) hit; Г) crash
7. А) fear; Б) worry; В) disturb; Г) frighten
8. А) describe; Б) explain; В) interpret; Г) clear
Задание №7697.
Грамматика и лексика. ЕГЭ по английскому
Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Dinosaur Facts
Dinosaurs lived on our planet millions of years ago. Some of them were very big. Now only their giant bones and footprints ___ (FIND).
Решение:
Dinosaur Facts
Dinosaurs lived on our planet millions of years ago. Some of them were very big. Now only their giant bones and footprints ARE FOUND.
Факты о динозаврах
Динозавры жили на нашей планете миллионы лет назад. Некоторые из них были очень большими. Теперь найдены только их гигантские кости и следы.
Показать ответ
Источник: ФИПИ. Открытый банк тестовых заданий
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OBRAZOVALKA.COM — образовательный портал
Наш сайт это площадка для образовательных консультаций, вопросов и ответов для школьников и студентов .
На вопросы могут отвечать также любые пользователи, в том числе и педагоги.
Консультацию по вопросам и домашним заданиям может получить любой школьник или студент.
A) The tyrannosaurus — тиранозавр
Length: 12m — Длина: 12 м
Weight: 7000 kg — Вес: 7000 кг
Height: 5m — Высота: 5м
Food: meat – Пища: мясо
Special features: claws and long, sharp teeth — Отличительные особенности: когти и длинные, острые зубы
B) The triceratops — трицератопс
Length: 6m — Длина: 6м
Weight: 8500 kg — Вес: 8500 кг
Height: 3m — Высота: 3 м
Food: plants – Пища: растения
Special features: three horns on its head — Отличительные особенности: три рога на голове
C) The stegosaurus — Стегозавр
Length: 6m — Длина: 6м
Weight: 2000 kg — Вес: 2000 кг
Height: 3.5m — Высота: 3.5м
Food: plants — Пища: растения
Special features: plates on its back and spikes on its tail — Отличительные особенности: пластины на спине и шипы на хвосте
D) The iguanodon — игуанодон
Length: 9m — Длина: 9 м
Weight: 4500 kg — Вес: 4500 кг
Height: 5m — Высота: 5м
Food: plants — Пища: растения
Special features: spikes on its hands — Отличительные особенности: шипы на руках
Listen to the descriptions again. — Послушайте описания снова.
Were you right? — Ты был прав?
1. Общее количество предметов в коробке равно 7.
2. За х
Сказки писал, например, всем известный Александр Пушкин. Нельзя не сказать. ч
Відповідь:
Нехай х — дане число. Тоді збільшене на 20% число дорівн
В начале найдём сколько кают расположено на второй палубе теплохода. Известно
Найдем, на сколько километров за каждый час увеличивается расстояние между ве
298,287,265,232,188…133,67,-10,-98
Объясняем: из 298 отнимаем 11, получаем
Именно ковыль растет на лугу. Он относится к семейству Злаки. Обильно эта тра
Чтобы определить, какое число в 1,2 раза меньше 12,24, необходимо:
12,
Для того, чтобы ответить на поставленный вопрос и сравнить предложенные дроби
Моторная лодка затратит 24 : (10 — 2) = 3 ч, чтобы проплыть 24 км против течения
Правильные ответы выделены по тесту
тест уже прошел свою проверку
ст
- Подробности
- 110345
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| Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами В4-В10 соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения. TEST 07 (part 1) |
The largest snowfall in decades
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B4 |
This week’s snowfall in Brazil is one of the largest in decades. As snow on the ground is not a very common landscape in a so-called tropical country, everybody felt excited when they saw streets in snow. |
FEEL |
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B5 |
In the cities by the sea people are used to spending the summer sun bathing. They were surprised very much when they saw snow covering the city. |
SURPRISE |
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B6 |
It was not / wasn’t long before social media became loaded with pictures of white fields and roads, and snowmen. |
NOT BE |
Flood in Santa Claus’ home
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B7 |
The usual images of the North Pole are impressive ice sheets, but scenes from a webcam there reveal a different story. Meteorologists have reported that temperatures in early July were one to three degrees Celsius higher than the year’s average over most of the Arctic Ocean. |
HIGH |
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B8 |
Thanks to rapidly melting ice, Santa Claus now has his own swimming pool. The North Pole is currently a lake, Canada.com reports. |
HAVE |
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B9 |
The lake is about a foot deep, consisting entirely of the melted ice itself. It shows a dramatic change is the Arctic climate. |
CONSIST |
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B10 |
In fact, a pool of melted water has formed at the North Pole every year now since 2002. The mythical home of Santa Claus has been officially flooded! |
FORM |
Can you imagine a time when 100-foot-long carnivores roamed the earth? How about when winged reptiles soared through the skies?
Dinosaurs are some of the most diverse and interesting animals to ever live.
What we know about dinosaurs is constantly changing. That does not change that they were some of the most interesting animals to ever exist. Some dinosaurs had claws over three feet long. Other species were over 60 feet tall and weighed about as much as 17 elephants!
Keep reading to find out more unique and interesting dinosaur facts. We share the strongest, largest, most dangerous, fastest and oldest species and much more…
Article Contents
- 75 Interesting Dinosaur Facts
- Facts About Dinosaurs
- Facts For Kids
- Fun Facts
- Facts About Their Extinction
- Infographic
- Sources & References
75 Interesting Dinosaur Facts
Facts About Dinosaurs
- The longest dinosaur egg ever found was 2 feet long and belonged to the Macroelongatoolithus genus.
- Almost all carnivorous dinosaurs had hollow bones to make them lighter and more agile. As the only living descendant of the dinosaurs, birds also have hollow bones!
- The most dangerous dinosaur was the Tyrannosaurus rex. They were intelligent, had a bite force that rivals that of a Great White shark are thought to have been the ultimate carnivore.
- Most dinosaurs were herbivores and only ate plants. 65% of all dinosaurs were herbivores, but most of the iconic species like T-rex were carnivores.
- The largest dinosaur bone ever discovered was 5×5 feet and weighed over 1 ton. This huge bone was the backbone of an Argentinosaurus.
- The Sauroposeidon was the tallest dinosaur at 60 feet. It belonged to the sauropod clade of dinosaurs which were known for their extremely long necks! The Brachiosaurus is the most well-known of the sauropods.
- Dinosaurs constantly replaced their teeth every couple of months. When old teeth were broken or damaged, new ones would grow and push the broken teeth aside.
- The heaviest dinosaurs weighed over 77 tons which is about as much as 17 elephants. Within the sauropods there exists a subgroup known as Titanosauria which were the largest land animals ever!
- The largest flying reptile is the Quetzalcoatlus. This type of pterosaur is thought to have had a wingspan of over 40 feet and probably weighed as much as 500 pounds! They had the ability to jump 8 feet vertically to launch themselves into flight.
- The largest claws of any dinosaur were 3.2 feet long and belonged to the Therizinosaurus. These claws may seem daunting, but the Therizinosaurs were likely herbivores so ate only plants.
- Scientists believe that all dinosaurs laid eggs and did not give live birth.
- The smallest dinosaur egg was only around three centimeters long and was roughly the size of a quail egg. It was likely laid over 110 million years ago and is thought to belong to a theropod.
- The Stegosaurus has a brain no bigger than a walnut. Their brain was measured to be 3 centimeters and weighed in at just 75 grams which is about the weight of two pennies.
- The smallest dinosaur species was about the size of a hummingbird. It was originally thought to be an avian dinosaur, but it was actually a small reptile that looked like a bird.
- Archaeopteryx were thought to be the first flying dinosaur. They lived 150 million years ago in the Jurassic Period and had flight and tail feathers just like modern birds. This species is believed to be the link between dinosaurs and birds.
- Dinosaurs evolved from other reptiles. The early ancestors of crocodiles and dinosaurs were called archosaurs and emerged in the Permian era around 300 million years ago.
- Dinosaurs evolved around 250 million years ago during the Triassic period.
- Early species were relatively small at between 10 to 15 feet long when fully grown. They were primarily carnivores or omnivores that walked on two legs.
- Dinosaur fossils can be found on every continent of earth. They lived on one large supercontinent called Pangea.
- The price of a dinosaur fossil can range from a few dollars to a few million. A complete Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton named Stan was recently sold for $31.8 million!
- There is a national dinosaur monument in the United States on the border between Colorado and Utah. This monument is on over 210,000 acres and is one of the best places in the world to see dinosaur fossils!
- Not all dinosaurs that died became fossils. Fossils are almost only found in sedimentary rocks. Paleontologists use geologic maps to find sedimentary rock layers to search for them.
- Dinosaurs did not actually have two brains. This was a myth that started in the 1880s when scientists found a hollow space near the hip region and the idea of the dinosaur “butt brain” was founded. Scientists still do not know the exact purpose of this hollow space, but they think it was used to store energy rich glycogen.
- Dinosaurs are believed to have shed their skin, just like modern lizards. Fossilized dandruff fragments were recently analyzed and revealed that dinosaurs likely shed their skin in small pieces.
- Some dinosaurs swallowed large rocks to help them grind up their food. These large stomach stones are called gastroliths and can be found in some bird species today.
- They had two holes in their skull behind their eye sockets. These two holes allowed for jaw muscles to attach and gave them a much stronger bite.
- There were reptiles that roamed the earth before the dinosaurs during the Carboniferous period about 320 million years ago. Pelycosaurs and anapsids are both examples of large reptiles that existed before the dinosaurs.
- Scientists can tell what a dinosaur ate by looking at its teeth. Wide and flat teeth mean they ate plants and used their teeth to grind down their food. Carnivores had sharp teeth and muscular jaws that they used to tear up their prey.
- The first ever dinosaurs were omnivores and ate both plants and animals.
- Baby dinosaurs often had larger eyes than adults. The facial features of juveniles were very different from adults as younger species had much bigger eye sockets.
- The oldest dinosaur fossil is 243 million years old. The Nyasasaurus parringtoni is the oldest known relative to the dinosaurs.
- The Nigersaurus had over 500 teeth that were adapted for eating plants growing near the ground. These 30-foot-long plant-eating animals lived in the Sahara 110 million years ago.
- Stegosaurs had large plates on their back called scutes. These plates were often over 30 inches long and helped the Stegosaurus regulate their body temperature.
- Hadrosaurs are duck-billed, toothy dinosaurs that had around 1,400 teeth. They ate bark by chewing it into a pulp with their grinding teeth.
- 30 million years before the T. rex there was a large carnivore called the Giganotosaurus. The Giganotosaurus was thought to be the largest carnivorous dinosaur until the Spinosaurus stole its crown.
- A Tyrannosaurus rex could bite 500 pounds of meat in one bite. The large size of their skull means they would have a pretty impressive bite.
- The Ankylosaurus had a set of bony body armor that could easily be compared to a tank. Their name is from the Greek translation of “fused lizard” and they are best known for the massive club at the end of their tail used for combat.
- The Corythosaurus was able to create booming noises through the large crest on its head. This crest acted like an echo chamber to amplify sound and produce loud mating calls.
- Though the Jurassic Park movies show Velociraptors being nearly human sized, that is not accurate. They were about as tall as a turkey, but could easily reach over six feet in length.
- Triceratops had a parrot-like beak with large teeth at the end.
- Baby Mussaurs could fit in a shopping bag. Their name means “mouse lizard” and they lived in Argentina during the Jurassic period and strictly ate plants.
- The Velociraptor’s name means “speedy thief”. They were known to reach speeds of up to 40 miles per hour when sprinting and ran on two legs.
- The Apatosaurus and Brontosaurus were once thought to be the same dinosaur.
- Dinosaurs lived in the Mesozoic era. This era includes three different periods: the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous.
- Some dinosaurs lived in herds or groups. Many plant eating species were living in groups as early as 193 million years ago.
Facts For Kids
- The longest Dinosaur name is the Micropachycephalosaurus. Their name means “Little thick-headed lizard”.
- Dinosaurs are reptiles that lived in what we call the “Age of Dinosaurs”. These prehistoric creatures dominated for over 140 million years because they had a wide range of adaptations that allowed them to survive.
- Chickens are actually dinosaurs.
- Birds are actually considered the only living dinosaur! Not only do their skeletons look very similar, but scientists believe Dinosaurs’ nested and brooded their eggs just like birds do.
- Dinosaurs only lived on land
- There are some ancient species of reptiles that are not dinosaurs! One of the best examples are crocodiles. Dinosaurs had legs directly under their bodies, while crocodiles have legs that are out to the side.
- The Ornithomimids was the fastest dinosaur and could reach speeds of 50 miles per hour. These speedy dinosaurs ran on two legs and looked very similar to modern day ostriches.
- Dinosaurs did not roar. Scientists believe they likely made low pitched swooshing or cooing sounds and not the classic roar from Jurassic Park!
- Barney is a very popular purple Dinosaur from TV, but did you know that he is actually a Tyrannosaurus rex?
- Dinosaurs died nearly 65 million years before humans showed up on Earth.
- The name “Dinosauria” means “terrible lizard”. The name was given by Richard Owen who was a paleontologist in 1842 because of their large size.
- Some dinosaurs ran on two legs and were often fast and agile. Well-known examples include the Tyrannosaurus rex and the Velociraptor.
- Nobody really knows what color dinosaurs were. Paleontologists think they were very brightly colored just like birds.
- The largest dinosaur brain belonged to the Tyrannosaurus rex and was similar in size to a human’s.
- Dinosaurs had feathers. It is thought that feathers first evolved to keep dinosaurs warm, not to help them fly.
- The spikey tail of a Stegosaurus is called a thagomizer. This fun name was first coined by the cartoonist Gary Larson.
- The Pterodactyl is the most well-known flying dinosaur. These flying reptiles actually belong to a group called the pterosaurs.
- Triceratops had the largest skull of any dinosaur at over six feet long! This large skull helped to protect them from attackers.
- The largest carnivorous dinosaur is the Spinosaurus. This dinosaur is estimated to be 52 to 59 feet long and weighed 7 to 9 tons.
- The Sauroposeidon was the tallest dinosaur in the world at 60 feet. They are known for their extremely long necks!
Fun Facts
- Crocodiles and dinosaurs lived together for nearly 80 million years, but crocodiles are not dinosaurs.
- Dinosaurs lived all over the earth on every continent North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa and even Antarctica!
- Paleontologists think there are at least 700 species of extinct dinosaurs. They are sure that the fossil record is not complete and we have many more species left to discover!
- The first American dinosaur fossil was discovered by Ferdinand Vandiveer Hayden. The fossilized teeth were collected in 1855 in Montana.
- Scientists do not know what dinosaurs looked like, they can only guess. They use skeletons, fossils and preserved skin to guess what they looked like.
- Most dinosaur fossils have been found in North America, Argentina and China. Deserts are an ideal place for finding fossils because of their sedimentary rocks.
- Some Dinosaurs had tails over 45 feet long. The Diplodocus was a 92 foot sauropod from the Jurassic period that had a tail 45 feet long.
- Scientists believe that dinosaurs lived for 70 to 100 years. Earlier estimates guessed that sauropods could reach up to 300 years old, but this was later corrected.
- There are two different groups of dinosaurs. The saurischian or “lizard hipped” and the ornithischian or “bird hipped”. The long-necked Brachiosaurus is an example of the lizard hipped, while the Triceratops is a member of the bird hipped.
- The heaviest dinosaurs weighed as much as 17 elephants. Though there are some pretty massive dinosaurs, the biggest animal to ever exist is the Blue Whale. One female blue whale was measured at 110 feet long and they can reach weights up to 190 tonnes.
- Most carnivorous dinosaurs walked on two legs. Walking on two legs allowed these meat eaters to reach impressive speeds while chasing down prey.
- Indominus rex from Jurassic World was not actually a dinosaur.
- Resurrecting dinosaurs from the dead is not possible. The Jurassic Park movies made bringing back the dinosaurs seem easy, but unfortunately at this point in time it is not possible.
- Dinosaur bones can be radioactive, but are rarely radioactive enough to be dangerous.
- The smartest dinosaur only had a brain the size of an avocado pit. The Troodon had the largest brain relative to its body size and was one of the smartest animals of the Mesozoic era.
- Dinosaurs were thought to reproduce a lot like birds. Like all reptiles they had one body opening for excreting urine and waste. This opening is called a cloaca and is also used for reproduction.
- The first dinosaur fossil ever discovered was thought to be a dragon. 3,500 years ago in China the first dinosaur bones were discovered, but they were thought to be dragon teeth!
- Mary Anning was a paleontologist in the 1800s and was one of the greatest paleontologists of all time. She discovered the first Ichthyosaurus at age 12.
Facts About Their Extinction
- Dinosaurs went extinct around 65 million years ago.
- The asteroid that killed the dinosaurs does not exist anymore. When the giant asteroid struck Earth it was almost entirely destroyed. Nothing remains except the 112-mile-wide crater where the asteroid hit.
- Over 70% of Earth’s animal life died when the dinosaurs went extinct.
- The K-T event was the mass extinction event that killed off the last of the dinosaurs.
- It was not just an asteroid that killed the dinosaurs. Dinosaurs were already in decline around 66 million years ago. What caused their eventual extinction was likely the asteroid impact, super volcanoes, acid rain and food shortages. Dinosaurs went extinct because they were so big. They were unable to use burrows, escape into the oceans or shield themselves from deadly atmospheric conditions.
- The last dinosaur on earth was Chenanisaurus barbaricus. This dinosaur was thought to be the last surviving dinosaur after the K-T extinction.
- The asteroid that killed the dinosaurs hit the Yucatan peninsula. The massive space rock hit just below the Gulf of Mexico.
- Crocodiles were able to survive mass extinction when dinosaurs could not. Crocodiles and alligators have changed very little over hundreds of millions of years. They can live on land and water, move at surprisingly fast speeds, use very little energy and can go long periods of time without eating.
- The rock that hit Earth was only 6 miles in diameter, but it impacted the Earth’s crust so powerfully that shockwaves would be felt across the entire world.
- Almost nothing was left alive near the asteroid impact zone. Animals near the asteroid impact zone were wiped out immediately.
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