Eco friendly ways to travel егэ - Помощь в подготовке к экзаменам и поступлению

Interviewer: Hello everybody! It’s Teenagers Round the World Channel. Our guest today is a teenager from Russia and we are going to discuss family relationships. We’d like to know our guest’s point of view on this issue. Please answer five questions. So, let’s get started.

Interviewer: How important is your family to you?

Student: My family is very important to me. They provide me with love, guidance, and support, which I value more than anything else. I feel truly blessed to have them in my life.

Interviewer: What are the best family bonding activities?

Student: I think the best family bonding activities are things that we can do together. For example, things like cooking, playing games, or going for walks. It’s also nice to have family traditions.

Interviewer: Which is better: being an only child or having siblings?

Student: Well, it’s hard to say which is better. Being an only child means getting more attention from parents but can be lonely. Having siblings means you always have someone to play with but sharing things can be difficult.

Interviewer: What do you think makes a happy family?

Student: I think a happy family is one where everyone feels loved and respected. Communication is also important, so that everyone can share their thoughts and feelings with each other.

Interviewer: What would the world be like without families?

Student: Without families, the world would be a very different place. Families provide love, support, and stability in our lives. It would be a lonely world without them.

Interviewer: Thank you very much for your interview.

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Variant 1
3) Hobbies for teenagers
4) Weekends in the summertime

Variant 2
3) School education
4) Shopping alternatives

Variant 3
3) Friendship
4) Travel decisions

Variant 4
3) Environmental awareness
4) Modes of education

Variant 5
3) Extracurricular activities
4) Careers in demand

Variant 6
3) School life
4) Volunteer opportunities

Variant 7
3) Social media use
4) Fitness opportunities

Variant 8
3) Family relationships
4) Eco-friendly ways to travel

Variant 9
3) Household chores
4) Birthday celebration ideas

Variant 10
3) Fast food
4) Family types

Variant 11
3) Music
4) Hobby ideas

Variant 12
3) Computer games
4) Healthy living

Variant 13
3) The Internet
4) Pastimes

Variant 14
3) School and education
4) Gift ideas

Variant 15
3) Smartphones
4) Pets in our lives

Variant 16
3) Habits
4) Winter activities

Variant 17
3) Robots
4) Life without stress

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3) Modern technology
4) Indoor games

Variant 19
3) Public holidays
4) Adventure sports

Variant 20
3) Forms of entertainment
4) Learning environments

Variant 21
3) Seasons and seasonal activities
4) Places to celebrate Christmas or New Year

Variant 22
3) Homework
4) Summer activities

Variant 23
3) Pets
4) Accommodation choices

Variant 24
3) Jobs and careers
4) Adorable pets

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3) Travelling
4) Museum experiences

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3) Clothes and fashion
4) Digital pastimes

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3) Modern conveniences
4) Team sports

Variant 28
3) Family traditions
4) Ways to get a meal on the table

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3) Natural world
4) Friendship choices

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3) Modern art
4) Useful languages to learn

Variant 31
3) Domestic tourism
4) English learning solutions

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3) Higher education
4) Workplaces

Variant 33
3) Tests and exams
4) School leavers’ decisions

Variant 34
3) Values
4) Green choices

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3) An eco-friendly lifestyle
4) Children’s summertime experiences

Variant 36
3) Daily habits
4) Technology careers

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3) Career choices
4) Digitized shopping experiences

Variant 38
3) Fashion
4) Good pets for busy families

Variant 39
3) Art
4) Skills for future employability

Variant 40
3) Consumer behaviour
4) Healthy lifestyle choices

Variant 41
3) Food and eating habits
4) Teenage part-time employment

Variant 42
3) Travel experiences
4) Jobs that define the modern world

Variant 43
3) Technology and relationships
4) Family holiday ideas

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3) Teenagers’ interests and activities
4) Recreational sports

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3) Teenagers and technology
4) Individual sports

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3) Computer hobbies
4) Nature-inspired summer activities for kids

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3) Smart food choices
4) Ways to fight boredom

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3) A circle of friends
4) Places to go shopping

Variant 49
3) Youth subcultures
4) Family outing ideas

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3) Renewable sources of energy
4) Devices that enable web browsing

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3) Space exploration
4) Extreme water adventures

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3) Educational travel adventures
4) Summer holiday destinations

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3) Films
4) Out-of-home leisure pursuits

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3) Climate change and global warming
4) Family holiday ideas: transport mode preferences

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3) Green movements
4) Career ideas for language learners

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3) School subjects
4) Thrill-seeking adventures

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3) Extreme activities
4) Eating places

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3) Volunteer work
4) Traditional hobbies

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3) Exam preparation
4) Games we play

Variant 60
3) Employment opportunities for teenagers
4) Water sports

Методические рекомендации предназначены для обучающихся 11 классов, планирующих сдавать ЕГЭ 2022 г. по английскому языку.

В рекомендациях описаны структура и содержание контрольных измерительных материалов ЕГЭ 2022 г., приведён индивидуальный план подготовки к экзамену, указаны темы, на освоение/повторение которых целесообразно обратить особое внимание. Даны рекомендации по выполнению разных типов заданий, в первую очередь новых заданий, вводимых в ЕГЭ 2022 г., по работе с открытым банком заданий ЕГЭ и другими дополнительными материалами, полезные ссылки на информационные материалы ФИПИ и Рособрнадзора.

→ скачать методические рекомендации

Изменения в КИМ ЕГЭ коснулись четырёх заданий: двух заданий в письменной части и двух заданий в устной части – это творческие задания с развёрнутым ответом. Без изменений остались все разделы письменной части работы, кроме последнего – «Письменная речь».

В этом разделе задание 39 на написание личного письма (традиционного, «бумажного») заменено на написание электронного письма личного характера, что отражает реалии времени. Задание 40 – это по-прежнему развёрнутое письменное высказывание с элементами рассуждения, но если в прежнем формате работа строилась на некоем высказывании, тезисе, то теперь в основу положена таблица или диаграмма. Всё задание строится на идее проектной работы.

В устной части сохранены задание 1 (чтение текста вслух) и задание 2 (условный диалог-расспрос), в котором стало даже на один вопрос меньше. Введено новое задание «диалог-интервью», в котором участник экзамена отвечает на вопросы интервьюера. Ответ должен включать в себя две-три фразы, чётко соответствовать вопросу и не содержать элементарных ошибок. Не надо стараться в ответ на простой вопрос, например «Какая погода летом в вашем регионе?», изложить весь выученный топик про погоду и климат.

Новое задание 4 устной части экзамена так же, как и задание 40 письменной части, строится на идее проектной работы. Предлагается следующая ситуация: проект выполняется вместе с другом. Участник экзамена нашёл две фотографии-иллюстрации к проекту и оставляет другу голосовое сообщение. В нём экзаменуемый кратко описывает фотографии и говорит о различиях между ними, объясняя их выбор в качестве иллюстраций. Затем надо упомянуть достоинства и недостатки двух объектов или ситуаций, изображённых на фото, и сказать о своих предпочтениях. Как и полагается, проектная работа строится на какой-либо проблеме, каком-либо противопоставлении, например, отдых активный и отдых пляжный, разные хобби, разные профессии.

Смотрите также:

В каком формате проходит ЕГЭ по английскому?

ЕГЭ по английскому языку состоит из двух частей: письменной и устной.

На выполнение письменной части экзамена отводится 3 часа 10 минут (190 минут). За это время нужно выполнить задания четырех разделов:

Аудирование
Чтение
Грамматика и лексика
Письмо

Устная часть состоит из четырех заданий на говорение, на ответ дается 17 минут.

Формат ЕГЭ подразумевает набор стандартизированных заданий: то есть все варианты ЕГЭ похожи друг на друга. Экзамен 2022 года построен по тому же принципу, что и в 2021. Это облегчает подготовку 😉 Чтобы справиться с ЕГЭ, достаточно разобраться в структуре экзамена и отработать стратегию выполнения каждого задания. В этом помогают демоверсии и типовые задания ЕГЭ, которые регулярно публикует ФИПИ.

В каком формате проходит Устная часть на ЕГЭ по английскому?

Устная часть ЕГЭ по английскому языку включает 4 задания.

Задание 1 — чтение вслух небольшого текста научно-популярного характера.
Задание 2 — условный диалог-расспрос, составление 4 вопросов по заданной теме.
Задание 3 — участие в молодежном шоу, ответ на 5 вопросов ведущего.
Задание 4 — связный монолог-обоснование выбора иллюстрации к проектной работе и выражение своего мнения по проблематике работы.

Каждое последующее задание выдаётся компьютером после окончания выполнения предыдущего задания. Общее время ответа (включая время на подготовку) — 17 минут.

Как получить высокий балл за Устную часть на ЕГЭ по английскому?

За выполнение всех заданий устной части вы можете получить максимум 20 баллов.

1. Прежде всего разберитесь со структурой: у вас не должно возникать вопросов, что делать в том или ином задании. Изучите требования и виды заданий, из каких частей они состоят и что проверяют.

Четкое понимание того, что от вас требуется — это половина успеха на ЕГЭ.

2. Важный этап подготовки к ЕГЭ по английскому языку — тренировка и отработка стратегии выполнения заданий. Регулярно просматривайте варианты ЕГЭ и решайте тесты. Для этого есть банк заданий ФИПИ и мы 🤗

Выполняя упражнения, вы привыкнете к формату заданий и будете чувствовать себя уверенно на экзамене.

3. Обязательно проработайте сложные для себя темы. Если грамматика вызывает у вас панику, уделите ей больше внимания: отложите в сторону ГДЗ 🤓 и выучите формулы образования всех английских времен, повторите устойчивые конструкции. Если чувствуете, что не хватает словарного запаса, поработайте над ним.

Важно узнать о своих слабых местах до экзамена, а не во время, и заранее их проработать ☝️

Не стоит бояться устной части ЕГЭ. Постарайтесь говорить ясно и чётко, не отходить от темы и следовать предложенному плану ответа. Так Вы сможете набрать наибольшее количество баллов 😉

Перейдем к практике и разберем официальный тренировочный вариант ЕГЭ от ФИПИ за 2021 / 2022 ⬇️

Задание 1

Как подготовиться к Заданию 1 на ЕГЭ по английскому?

1. Слушайте как можно больше научно-публицистических текстов на языке.

2. Повторите правила чтения. Найдите аналогичные задания по ЕГЭ за предыдущие годы и читайте их вслух, записывая себя на диктофон или видео.

3. Поймите общий смысл текста. Сознательное чтение гораздо лучше воспринимается на слух и вы будете совершать меньше ошибок.

4. Если вы не знаете, как читается слово, вспоминайте, как читаются похожие слова и читайте по аналогии. При подготовке обязательно проверяйте произношение всех трудных слов со словарем.

5. Старайтесь читать четко, в комфортном и размеренном темпе. Спешить не нужно. 90 секунд вполне достаточно, чтобы в спокойном темпе прочитать весь текст☝️

6. Если вы поняли, что прочитали какое-то слово неправильно — не беда. Перечитайте его правильно. Засчитан будет только последний вариант прочтения слова.

Максимум за задание — 1 балл
Время на подготовку — 1,5 минуты
Время ответа — максимум 1,5 минуты

Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.

Let’s practice! Сначала прочитайте текст про себя. Затем включите аудио и повторите вслед за диктором ⬇️

It is very difficult to say when the picture postcards originated. The evolution of the picture postcard reflects the history of the post service in the world. It is also connected with innovations in printing and photography. We may say the history of the picture postcard started with the postal reform in the UK in the 19th century. This reform made the cost of domestic mail delivery very cheap. The person who wanted to send the mail had to pay for it. A stamp was a way to show that you paid for your mail. Sending mail became popular. People were interested in nice paper and envelopes for their letters. That was the time when a scientist from Austria offered to make cards for sending short messages. Everybody liked the idea very much. The first postcards had very simple designs, but now you can buy beautiful cards with various pictures on them.

Great job! Теперь попробуйте прочитать текст так, как будто вы на экзамене 💯

Задание 2

Как подготовиться к Заданию 2 на ЕГЭ по английскому?

1. Повторите правило образования прямых вопросов и грамматическое время Present Simple☝️

2. Создайте свой список типовых вопросов с примерами. Темы вопросов могут быть разные, но структура везде одна.

3. Составив список, сделайте максимальное количество тренировочных Заданий 2 на сайте ФИПИ.

4. Обратитесь к экспертам английского языка, чтобы они проверили ваше творчество 😉

5. На экзамене оценивается только последний вопрос из прозвучавших за отведенное время для каждого пункта плана. Поэтому, если вы думаете, что ошиблись, вы можете задать этот же вопрос правильно в течение 20 секунд.

Максимум за задание — 4 балла. По баллу за каждый правильный вопрос
Время на подготовку — 1,5 минуты
Время ответа — 1 минута. По 20 секунд, чтобы задать каждый вопрос

	You are considering going on a bicycle trip and now you’d like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask four direct questions to find out about the following:
	minimum age;
	duration of the trip;
	number of people in the group;
	accommodation for the night.
	You have 20 seconds to ask each question

Пример вопросов и грамматический разбор ⬇️

	What is the minimum age for the bicycle trip?	Каков минимальный возраст для поездки на велосипеде?
	How long does the trip last?	Сколько длится поездка?
	How many people are there in the group?	Сколько человек в группе?
	Do you provide accommodation for the night?	Предоставляете ли вы размещение на ночь?

Задание 3

Как подготовиться к Заданию 3 на ЕГЭ по английскому?

1. Каждый ваш ответ должен содержать полную грамматическую основу (подлежащее и сказуемое). Краткий ответ не допускается ☝️

2. Записывайте себя на диктофон, чтобы убедиться, что вы вписываетесь во время, отведённое для каждого вопроса — по 40 секунд на каждый.

3. Тренируйте понимание английской речи на слух (слушайте подкасты, общайтесь с англоговорящими ровесниками на epals.com, скачайте бесплатное приложение Cake или English Speaking Practice в своем смартфоне)

4. Составьте свой список из слов-связок и используйте их при ответе на вопрос и при переходе между вопросами.

	As for me,	Что касается меня,
	Hmmm…	Хм…
	Alright, but in general,	Хорошо, но в целом,
	That isn’t to say it wasn’t	Это не значит, что этого не было
	It’s … actually	Это… на самом деле
	Basically,	По сути
	Of course,	Конечно
	In my opinion,	По моему мнению,
	I think,	Я считаю,
	I can say that,	Я могу сказать, что
	It seems to me that,	Мне кажется, что,
	To my mind,	На мой взгляд,
	I would advise/recommend …	Я бы посоветовал/рекомендовал …

5. Повторяйте грамматику и тематическую лексику.

6. Сделайте максимальное количество тренировочных заданий 😎

Максимум за задание — 5 баллов. По баллу за каждый правильный ответ
Время на подготовку — 0 минут
Время ответа — 2 минуты, по 40 секунд для ответа на каждый вопрос

You are going to give an interview. You have to answer five questions. Give full answers to the questions (2–3 sentences). Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.

Вы собираетесь дать интервью. Вы должны ответить на пять вопросов. Дайте полные ответы на вопросы (2–3 предложения). Помните, что у вас есть 40 секунд, чтобы ответить на каждый вопрос.

Прослушайте начало задания ⬇️

Hello everybody! It’s Teenagers Round the World Channel. Our guest today is a teenager from Russia and we are going to discuss summer holidays. We’d like to know our guest’s point of view on this issue. Please answer five questions. So, let’s get started.

Дальше друг за другом вы услышите 5 вопросов. Между каждым вопросом будет пауза 40 секунд для вашего ответа ⬇️

	What part of Russia do you live in? What’s the weather like in summer there?	В какой части России вы живете? Какая там погода летом?
	What else would you like our listeners to know about your region?	Что еще вы бы хотели, чтобы наши слушатели знали о вашем регионе?
	What can you tell us about your family?	Что вы можете рассказать о своей семье?
	How did you spend your summer holidays when you were a kid?	Как вы проводили летние каникулы в детстве?
	How would you like to spend your summer holidays in 10 years?	Как бы вы хотели провести летние каникулы через 10 лет?
	Thank you very much for your interview	Большое спасибо за ваше интервью

Пример ответов на вопросы и грамматический разбор ⬇️

	I live in Nizhny Novgorod. And hmm, it‘s in Central Russia. Summer comes at the beginning of June, and usually, it‘s sunny and warm with an average temperature of +20 there.
	Well, Nizhny is one of the largest cities in the country. And you know, it‘s popular among tourists for the Oka and Volga rivers as well as for its rich history.
	I live with my parents and my younger brother Alex. My mum is an accountant and my dad works as an engineer. As for my little brother, next year he goes to the first grade. Yeah, he‘s a big boy now.
	When I was seven, I used to go to the countryside to visit my grandparents during my summer holidays. I played outdoor games with my friends there. We used to ride bikes, go fishing and just have fun around.
	Actually, in ten years I would like to go to the seaside and try out some new activities, like surfing or paragliding. I think I could do that with my best friend Olga. She is also fond of sport.

На ЕГЭ у вас будет 17 минут для всех заданий по говорению. Разбор может длиться дольше и занять несколько часов. Не забывайте делать перерывы. Сохраните страницу, чтобы вернуться к ней позже:

Как подготовиться к Заданию 4 на ЕГЭ по английскому?

1. Познакомьтесь со структурой задания и критериями его оценки 👇

Получается, чтобы получить максимумальный балл за это задание нужно:

Раскрыть все пункты плана по порядку. То есть сказать 3–4 фразы на каждый пункт плана. Если ваш ответ будет содержать менее 7 фраз, то вам поставят 0 баллов.
Сделать вступление с обращением к другу и сказать заключительную фразу.
Использовать связки-переходы между пунктами плана.
Уложиться в отведенное для ответа время — 3 минуты.

2. Повторите грамматику для описания фотографий: Present Continuous, предлоги места, конструкцию there is/there are, связующие слова.

3. Самостоятельно, на курсах или с преподавателем используйте любую возможность тренировать спонтанную речь (слушайте подкасты, общайтесь с англоговорящими ровесниками на epals.com, скачайте бесплатное приложение Cake или English Speaking Practice в своем смартфоне)

4. Записывайте себя на диктофон. Попросите того, кто хорошо знает язык, проверить ошибки, чтобы их не повторять.

5. Изучите типичные ошибки, которые участники допускают на экзамене:

отсутствие вступительной и/или заключительной фразы;
нет обоснования, почему фото иллюстрируют содержание проекта;
изменение порядка пунктов плана;
раскрытие не всех пунктов плана;
использование Present Simple, а не Present Continuous для описания фотографий, ошибки в артиклях, предлогах;
отсутствие слов-связок, чтобы показать рассуждение.

В итоге, схема идеального ответа выглядит так ⬇️

1. Вступительная фраза;
2. Краткое описание двух фотографий + обоснование выбора этих фотографий для проекта;
3. Выделить 1–2 различия между фотографиями + обоснование выбора этих фотографий для проекта
4. Обозначить достоинства и недостатки (1–2) по заданной теме;
5. Выразить свое мнение по теме проекта.
6. Заключительная фраза.+ присутствуют слова-связки
+ весь монолог четко соответствует заданной теме
+ допущено не более 3-х лексико-грамматических и не более 3-х фонетических ошибок

Максимум за задание — 10 баллов
Время на подготовку — 2,5 минуты
Время ответа — 3 минуты, 12–15 предложений

Imagine that you are doing a project “Life without gadgets” together with your friend. You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2.5 minutes be ready to:

	give a brief description of the photos, justifying the choice of the photos for the project;
	say in what way the pictures are different, justifying the choice of the photos for the project;
	mention the advantages and disadvantages (1–2) of the two types of books;
	express your opinion on the subject of the project — whether you would like to live without gadgets and why.

You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously.

Сохраните себе «скелет» ответа ниже 🦴 Предлагаем брать его за основу и просто добавлять всю запрашиваемую информацию 😎

Вступительная фраза

	Hi Mamix, how are you doing? I have sent you some photos for our project “…” and I’d like to say a few words about them.
	Hi Anna! I’ve found a couple of photos for our project “…” and I’d like to share some thoughts about it.	вместо пропуска говорим тему проекта, которая указана в задании

Описание фотографий + обоснование их выбора для проекта

	Let me describe them to you. In the first picture, one can see a … There is a … in the second picture. These pictures are perfect for our project because they …
	In the first picture, there is … or it’s a …
	The first photo shows … It looks like …
	In the second picture, there is/we can see …

Отличия + обоснование выбора фотографий для проекта

	Talking about the differences, the key difference is that in the first picture …, while in the second picture … So, this difference justifies the choice of the photos as it highlights the topic of our project.
	These pictures have some important differences …
	These pictures show us two different ways to … (do something)
	The first pic shows/illustrates …, while in the second one the … is using/doing/looking etc.
	Besides, the … on the left …, but the … in the second picture …

Преимущества и недостатки по теме проекта

	I believe that the two types of … presented in the pictures have their advantages and disadvantages. As for the …, its biggest advantage is that it is …, while the other one …
	Talking about …, we can say that …
	In my opinion, these types of … have both advantages and disadvantages
	The main advantage of … is that … On the other hand, …
	As for …, one of the advantages is that … However, …

Высказать свое мнение по теме проекта

	Personally, I would/wouldn’t like to … because …
	As for me, I would like to/I wouldn’t like to … as

Завершающая фраза

	That’s all from me now. Please, get in touch with me and tell me what you think about these photos.
	As for me, I would like to/I wouldn’t like to … as

Пример полного ответа ⬇️

Вступление

Hi Anna! I’ve found a couple of photos for our project “Life without gadgets” and I’d like to share some thoughts about it.

Описание фотографий + обоснование их выбора для проекта

In the first picture, it’s a girl holding a paper book in a library. While in the second photo, we can see a girl sitting on a sofa with an e-reader in her hands. These pictures are perfect for our project because they illustrate life with and without gadgets.

Отличия + обоснование выбора фотографий для проекта

These photos show us two different types of books to get the information. While the girl in the first picture is using a paper book in a public place, the girl in the second photo is reading on an electronic device at home. So, this difference justifies the choice of the photos as it highlights the topic of our project.

Преимущества и недостатки по теме проекта

In my opinion, these types of books have both advantages and disadvantages. Some people choose paper books because they prefer reading a hard copy, turning the pages, and smelling the paper. On the other hand, making paper needs trees, and it is not environmentally friendly. As for digital books, one of the advantages is that students can use them anytime and anywhere. However, reading an e-book is not healthy for the human eyes.

Высказать свое мнение по теме проекта

As for me, I would like to use gadgets. They help me with my school projects, stay in touch with my friends from abroad, and even track the progress of my physical exercises.

Завершающая фраза

That’s all I wanted to say. I hope you’ll like the photos.

Итого: 17 предложений

Поставьте таймер на 3 минуты и попробуйте повторить ответ самостоятельно 😉

На этом все! Не забудьте сохранить эту страницу в социальных сетях и поделиться с друзьями, чтобы готовиться к ОГЭ вместе

Выберите урок для тренировки из списка ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️

Канал видеоролика: Учебники и тесты

Смотреть видео:

#учитьанглийский #урокианглийского #репетиторпоанглийскому #разговорныйанглийский #английскийонлайн #курсыанглийскогоязыка #speaking #курсы_английского #уроки_английского

Свежая информация для ЕГЭ и ОГЭ по Английскому (листай):

С этим видео ученики смотрят следующие ролики:

Практика ОГЭ — 2022 — Аудирование по Английскому языку — Вариант 11

Учебники и тесты

ЕГЭ Аудирование по английскому языку 2022, демонстрационный вариант

Английский завтрак

Практика ОГЭ — 2022 — Аудирование по Английскому языку — Вариант 12

Учебники и тесты

Практика ОГЭ — 2022 — Аудирование по Английскому языку — Вариант 13

Учебники и тесты

Облегчи жизнь другим ученикам — поделись! (плюс тебе в карму):

14.09.2021

1 августа 2021

В закладки

Обсудить

Жалоба

Официальная демоверсия ЕГЭ 2022 от ФИПИ по английскому языку.

Обновлено 11 ноября.

→ Демоверсия (письменная часть): eng-demo2022-p-v2.pdf
→ Демоверсия (устная часть): eng-demo2022-u-v2.pdf
→ Кодификатор: eng-k2022-v2.pdf
→ Спецификация: eng-s2022-v2.pdf

→ Аудиозапись (устная часть): eng-u.mp3

→ Аудиозапись (письменная часть): eng-p.mp3

→ Скачать одним архивом: eng-demo2022-v2.zip

Изменения в КИМ 2022 года в сравнении с КИМ 2021 года

В экзаменационную работу 2022 г. были внесены изменения в разделы 4 («Письменная речь») и 5 («Говорение»).

Раздел 4 («Письменная речь») экзаменационной работы 2022 г. состоит из 2 заданий с развёрнутым ответом.

1. В задании 39 предлагается написать электронное письмо личного характера в ответ на письмо-стимул зарубежного друга по переписке. В связи с изменением вида письменного сообщения были внесены изменения в критерии оценивания задания. Максимальное количество баллов за выполнение задания 39 не изменилось (6 баллов).

2. В задании 40 необходимо создать развёрнутое письменное высказывание с элементами рассуждения на основе таблицы/диаграммы и выразить своё мнение по теме проекта. Задание 40 является альтернативным заданием; экзаменуемый выбирает один из предложенных вариантов задания (40.1 или 40.2) и выполняет его. В связи с изменением вида письменной работы были внесены изменения в критерии оценивания задания. Максимальное количество баллов за выполнение задания 40 не изменилось – 14 баллов.

В раздел 5 «Говорение» экзаменационной работы 2022 г. внесены следующие изменения.

1. В задании 2 (условный диалог-расспрос) сокращено количество вопросов, которые должен задать участник экзамена, с 5 до 4. Соответственно, максимальное количество баллов за выполнение задания 2 – 4 балла.

2. В задании 3 (условный диалог-интервью) необходимо ответить на 5 вопросов интервьюера на актуальную тему. Каждый ответ на вопрос интервьюера оценивается от 0 до 1 балла. Максимальное количество баллов за выполнение задания 3 – 5 баллов.

3. В задании 4 предлагается оставить голосовое сообщение другу, вместе с которым выполняется проектная работа. В этом сообщении надо кратко описать две фотографии-иллюстрации к теме проекта, обосновать выбор фотографии-иллюстрации и выразить своё мнение по теме проектной работы. Соответствующие изменения были внесены в критерии оценивания выполнения задания. Максимальное количество баллов за выполнение задания 4 – 10 баллов.

4. Время выполнения письменной части работы увеличено на 10 минут и составляет 3 часа 10 минут. Время выполнения заданий устной части работы увеличено на 2 минуты и составляет 17 минут.

Этапы закрепощения крестьян в России

Крепостное право на Руси появилось позже, чем во многих средневековых европейских королевствах. Это было связано с объективными причинами – низкая плотность населения, зависимость от ордынского ига.

Задания 12-18 досрочного ЕГЭ по математике

3 примера по каждому заданию. Досрочный ЕГЭ по математике прошёл 28 марта.

ОГЭ по математике. Тренировочный вариант СтатГрад

Видеоуроки ОГЭ | Вчера, 21:46

Решение тестовой части (№1-19) тренировочной работы по математике от 18 апреля 2022 года.

Источник

Traveling is quite important for self-development and to enlarge our horizon.

However, many people still travel in a quite eco-unfriendly manner.

In this article, I present many simple ways how you can make your travels more eco-friendly in order to protect our planet.

Save energy at home while you are traveling
Choose destinations which are known for preserving nature
Prefer off-season travels
Use backpacks from recycled materials
Use durable suitcases
Buy light-weight travel equipment
Use electronic-based guides instead of paper-based ones
Odorless & antibacterial clothing
Solar lanterns
Reusable water bottles
Sunscreen based on organic materials
Use solar chargers
Portable water purification systems
Portable laundry wash bags
Eco-friendly insect repellent
Use soap nuts
Reusable travel razor
Use a kindle instead of paper-based books
Wash your clothes yourself
Avoid excessive washing of clothes and towels
Avoid taking a bath and shower instead
Avoid the use of excessive detergents
Eat in local restaurants or use local markets
Use hotels or hostels that care about our planet
What about the hotel staff?
Avoid layovers and book non-stop flights instead
Book from travel companies that neutralize carbon dioxide
Avoid flying short distances when you are a group of travelers
Use eco-friendly rental cars
Use public transport instead of cars
Use air conditioning and heating only moderately
Frequently use your Do-not-disturb sign
Make your old things available for reuse
Avoid waste production whenever possible
When you take a trip into nature, stay on track
Don’t feed wild animals
Stay away from trouble
Don’t buy souvenirs from endangered species
Don’t collect shells
Buy directly from private manufacturers
Make sure that animals are treated with respect
Take trips with locals instead of travel companies
Don’t harm the local flora and fauna
Make sure to respect foreign cultures and customs
Don’t pollute the environment
Engage with locals
Learn and practice the local language
Join and work for a non-profit organization
Raise the awareness of other travelers

Even before you start traveling, make sure to save energy while you are not at home.

This means turning down your heating or air conditioning.

Also make sure that all your lights and other electronic devices are turned off in order to save energy while you are away.

There are big differences regarding how different countries engage in the preservation of our natural systems.

While some countries put great effort in the protection of their ecosystems, some countries seem not to care too much.

Therefore, it is on you to take a stand and to support countries that protect our environment.

By doing so, countries who currently are not taking care of our environment will rethink their strategy if enough people avoid traveling to those countries.

Those countries are likely to also behave more eco-friendly in the future since they have a financial incentive to do so since tourism often is a significant source of income for those countries.

Thus, whenever you chose a travel destination, make sure that the country complies with eco-friendly behavior.

While most tourists prefer to travel in the on-season, you should rather avoid doing so.

The reason is that the on-season is usually quite crowded and too many people may distract and harm the local flora and fauna.

Instead, travel in the offseason so you can enjoy nature and the local wildlife much more since it is far less crowded.

There is a huge variety of backpacks out there.

However, only few companies offer backpacks made out of recycled materials.

By choosing one of those companies, you support eco-friendly production behavior and you can also save our natural resources at the same time.

Thus, when it comes to buying decisions regarding backpacks, make sure to rely on companies that use recycled materials in the production process.

If you use a suitcase for your travels, make sure to buy one that is quite durable.

Many people just decide for a cheap one in order to save money.

When it comes to suitcases, this is often a big mistake since cheap suitcases will usually not last too long.

This means that you may have to buy a new one every few years.

Not only will this cost money, but it will also lead to significant unnecessary waste production since the old broken suitcases have to be disposed of into the garbage.

Instead of buying a cheap suitcase, try to spend more money and by a suitcase that will likely last for many years.

You will save our natural resources, avoid unnecessary waste and also eventually save money in the long run by doing so.

You should also make sure to use light-weight equipment on your travels.

Lightweight equipment not only saves fossil fuels while travelling by plane since more luggage items can be transported with one airplane, it also makes it much easier for you to travel around since you don’t have to carry too much weight on your shoulders.

In our nowadays world, there is actually no need to use paper-based guides anymore.

In most regions, there is quite good internet and you can use navigation apps and other guides in order to find the best tourist spots.

You can also save plenty of paper waste by using electronic media instead of paper-based guides.

Thus, make sure to avoid paper-based guides when you travel to a region where there is good internet connection.

However, in quite remote areas where there is no internet connection, paper-based guides still have their purpose and you should use them in those areas.

While you are travelling, especially when you are in nature, use odorless clothing to avoid attracting or distracting wildlife.

Moreover, antibacterial clothing can help to protect yourself against various bacteria.

Using these kinds of clothing may help to make your travels even greener.

If you are taking adventures at nighttime, solar lanterns may be a good tool for you to light up the dark, especially when you travel in remote areas where there is no other source of electricity around.

You can reload your solar lantern at daytime and use the produced energy at nighttime.

However, keep in mind that this only works when the sun is shining, not on rainy days!

It is such an easy measure to reduce the overall plastic waste.

However, many people still don’t make use of it.

We are talking about the use of reusable water bottles.

Still, a high number of people use disposable plastic bottles to supply themselves with drinking water.

It is on you to take a stand against plastic pollution and use reusable water bottles instead.

Not only will you improve your ecological footprint, you will likely also improve your health level since water out of glass or metal bottles is considered to be healthier compared to water out of plastic bottles by most scientists.

Conventional sunscreen often contains chemicals that can be harmful to our environment.

This is especially true when it comes to snorkeling and diving activities.

Chemicals that are contained in conventional sunscreens often hurt corals, which may even die off if the concentration of those chemicals becomes too high.

Thus, instead of using conventional sunscreen, consider buying eco-friendly sunscreen in order to reduce the negative effect on corals and other aquatic life.

Solar chargers are a great way to supply yourself with electricity while you are travelling.

The energy that can be produced by solar charges is often enough to power all your gadgets like smartphones, headphones or many other things.

However, as everything that is powered by solar energy, it only works when the sun is shining on a regular basis.

Nevertheless, solar chargers can be a good supplementary gadget to reduce the consumption of conventional energy and therefore to improve your environmental footprint.

When you travelling around, especially in remote areas where there is not plenty of access to drinking water, it could also make sense to take water purification systems with you in order to be able to filter water from lakes or rivers.

This may protect you from becoming sick due to contaminated water.

The use of a portable laundry wash bag is a convenient and also quite eco-friendly way to wash your clothes.

No washing machine is needed, which implies saving significant amounts of energy and also water.

You can wash your laundry directly in rivers with the help of those bags.

However, make sure to only use detergents that are eco-friendly in order to protect our aquatic flora and fauna.

Insect repellent often contains many harmful chemicals, which can hurt our environment and which can also be harmful to our health.

Thus, switching from conventional insect repellent may improve your ecological footprint and also your overall health level.

Soap nuts are a fully organic way to wash your clothes.

They are also fully biodegradable, which makes them much better for our environment compared to the use of conventional washing powder.

They are also quite easy to carry around since they do not need plenty of space and are also quite light.

Thus, soap nuts are a great eco-friendly alternative for washing your clothes, especially if you travel in remote areas where the use of conventional detergents in rivers could lead to serious environmental pollution.

Instead of using a single-use disposable razor, buy a reusable travel razor instead in order to reduce your overall waste production and also to save natural resources.

In the long run, reusable travel razors will even save you money compared to razors for only a single use.

If you like reading books, you should consider using an electronic medium like a kindle instead of using a paper-based book.

By doing so, you can save plenty of paper waste over time, which reduces your waste production and also reduces the deforestation issue.

Combining the use of a kindle with the use of a solar charger would be a great way to make your travels more eco-friendly, since your energy production for your kindle would be in an entirely renewable manner.

Instead of using laundry services in your hotel, you should rather wash your clothes by yourself.

Laundry services often wash the clothes of each customer separately, which can lead to an enormous waste of water if you only have a few items to wash but the washing machine still uses many liters of water.

Thus, especially if you only have a few clothes to wash, doing your laundry by hand would be much eco-friendlier compared to using a washing machine or a laundry service.

In general, you should try to avoid excessive washing of your clothes.

There is really no need to wash your bedding or your towels every day.

Thus, if you stay in a hotel, make sure that you indicate that you want to keep your used bedding and towels instead of making it available for washing to employees of the hotel.

By doing so, you can save plenty of water and harmful detergents and can therefore make your travels much greener.

Since taking a bath needs much more water compared to taking a shower, try to rely on showers instead of full baths while you are travelling and also at home.

Especially if you live and travel in regions where there is significant water scarcity, using showers instead of baths is a simple but yet quite effective measure to save water.

Moreover, refrain from showering every day to save even more water and do basic washing instead.

Detergents often contain harmful chemicals, which can lead to significant water pollution and several other issues.

Thus, you should avoid the use of detergents whenever possible.

At least make sure to reduce the use of detergents.

Many people use excessive levels of detergents while they are travelling but also at home.

You would be surprised of how much detergents you could save by still achieving good cleaning results.

Thus, a reduction in detergents can not only improve your eco-footprint, but may also save you significant amounts of money in the long run.

On your travels, try to eat in local restaurants or at local markets instead of using big food chains.

By doing so, you financially support locals which often rely on tourism as their main source of income.

You can also try many different local dishes and enjoy a truly local experience while you can still eat in fast food chains when you are back at home.

While you are travelling, also choose your hotel or hostel in an eco-friendly fashion.

This means that you should figure out how eco-friendly your accommodation really is.

For instance, does your hotel use green energies?

Do they save water?

Do their employees get a fair wage?

By figuring out those points, you can ensure to stay in accommodations that contribute to sustainable development.

You should also take a look at how the employees of the hotel are treated.

Do they seem to be happy or not? Are they treated like slaves or like free human beings?

You should not support and stay in hotels where employees are treated poorly.

Instead, stay in hotels that treat their employees in a fair manner!

While indirect flights are often cheaper, they also have a serious downside.

The start and landing of an airplane imply the use of large amounts of fossil fuels.

Moreover, the additional distance that has to be travelled when using flights with layovers further contributes to the consumption of unnecessary fuel.

Thus, even if flights with layovers are cheaper, they are usually much more harmful to our planet.

Consider booking a direct flight instead, even if it is a little bit more expensive.

Some companies and airlines also take part in a carbon dioxide neutralizing program, which means that they make travel more sustainable by donating a certain small part of their revenue to organizations which plant trees or take other measures to fight global warming.

Thus, by booking from those companies, you can make your small contribution to fight global warming.

Domestic flights are a fast and easy way to get around.

However, they are also quite environmentally-unfriendly since those kinds of flights imply the emission of large amounts of greenhouse gases into our atmosphere.

Especially when you are travelling with a group of persons, it is much more eco-friendly to use a car or even better a train instead of flying short distances.

If you use a rental car, you can improve your eco-footprint even further by relying on a car run by electric power or other alternative energy sources.

You can ask your rental car company if they have eco-friendly cars instead of booking a conventional one.

Whenever possible, use public transport instead of cars.

Especially in cities with good public transport infrastructure, there is really no need to drive short distances by car.

Instead, use the metro or buses in order to get around in order to make your travels greener.

Both the use of heating as well as the use of air conditioning imply the use of large amounts of energy.

In order to reduce energy consumption, try to reduce the intensity of heating and air-con use.

Most of the time, turning down air-con may even improve your overall health level since your body will feel more natural and comfortable compared to states where there is excessive use of air conditioning.

In many hotels, there is a do-not-disturb sign which you can put on your door to let the hotel staff know you don’t want to have room service this day or night.

By doing so, you can save our natural resources since your sheets and towels will not be washed.

Most of the time, there will also be no need for washing these things, since they will stay clean for many days.

Thus, using the do-not-disturb sign is an additional smart way to make sure to reduce resource consumption on your travels.

It doesn’t matter if you are travelling or staying at home, you should always make sure to reuse your old things instead of disposing them into the garbage.

Additionally, if you do no longer want to use your old things anymore, give them away to family or friends.

If no one wants to use your old stuff anymore, at least make sure to dispose of it in an appropriate manner to make it suitable for recycling.

One of your travelling principles should also be to reduce waste whenever possible.

The production of waste is a big global problem and many poor developing countries suffer a lot from this waste production.

Therefore, make sure to avoid the production of waste while you are travelling but also when you are back home.

Also make sure that when you take a nature trip to stay on track, especially in areas where animal breed.

By doing so, you do not disturb those breeding animals.

Moreover, leaving the track can sometimes also be quite dangerous, since you may fall off a cliff or may be a target to wild animals.

Thus, especially in areas where there are signs that you should stay on track, do not leave those tracks for your own safety and also to protect our ecosystems!

Wild animals are still able to hunt and find their food by themselves.

However, if they are frequently fed by tourists, they will eventually lose their ability to hunt.

In turn, these animals will turn from wild animals into domesticated ones, which is against nature.

Thus, do not feed wild animals since you will not do nature a favor.

If you are travelling around, always make sure that you comply with the local laws.

This is also true when it comes to environmental behavior.

Check out local laws regarding the protection of animals so that you do not interfere with those laws and to avoid getting in trouble.

In order to protect our endangered species from extinction, you should never buy souvenirs made out of the skin or from other parts of endangered species.

Instead, rely on souvenirs that do not involve the killing of animals for the sole purpose of souvenirs.

For instance, there are many beautiful paintings that you can bring back home from many different countries and no animal had to die for it.

While some shells can look quite nice and you might be eager to collect them while snorkeling or diving, please refrain from doing so.

If every tourist collected shells, there would no shells left in the water and at our beaches.

Moreover, shells are often used by other animals to hide. Thus, avoid collecting or buying souvenirs made out of shells.

Instead of buying from big souvenir stores, try to buy from private manufacturers instead.

By doing so, those private persons will get a much bigger share when you buy directly from them instead of buying from tourist stores.

Thus, you can support the local population by buying directly from private persons and ensure their livelihood.

Whenever you take part in tourist activities that include activities with animals, make sure that those animals are treated with respect.

Refrain from taking part in activities organized by companies that are known for treating animals quite poorly.

In order to make sure that locals get a fair share of the event price, book events directly with locals instead of booking those events with travel companies whenever possible.

By doing so, you can contribute to ensuring the livelihood of locals and also reduce their poverty level.

Always make sure that you do not harm the local flora and fauna!

Especially if you travel to quite remote parts of our planet, be aware of your actions and how they could affect animals and plants.

If you are not sure, ask at the tourist information or inform yourself over the internet regarding which points you have to consider in order not to harm the local flora and fauna.

You should also be aware that different countries have quite different cultures and customs.

Don’t expect that people in remote parts of the world share the same values with you.

Depending on your circumstances and the conditions you grow up with, every culture develops certain characteristics which you may not even like, but should respect nevertheless since it is an inherent part of each country!

A rather obvious but still quite important measure to make your travels greener is to simply avoid the pollution of our planet.

Whenever you take certain actions, make sure that they are in line with eco-friendly travelling to improve your ecological footprint and to save our environment.

You should also try to engage with locals and share your opinions on the latest news topics.

By doing so, you form a connection between you and the local population, which will enlarge your horizon on things.

You may also find new friends among those locals.

Therefore, don’t be shy! Just talk to locals. You will be surprised how friendly most of them will be.

In order to be able to engage in conversations with locals, it is crucial to learn the local language or at least a few words.

By doing so, you can communicate much better with locals and they will also be more friendly to you since they know you are at least trying and willing to learn their language to a certain degree.

Another great way to make your travels greener is to join and work for a non-profit organization, especially if this organization aims to protect our planet.

By doing so, you can actively make a positive impact while travelling and see the world.

Whenever you see that other travelers seem not to care about our environment and take actions that are actually quite harmful to our planet, take a stand and try to convince them about the importance of saving our environment, also while travelling.

By doing so, you can multiply your positive impact on our environment.

There are several ways how you can make your travels more eco-friendly.

Many of them are quite easy to implement, while others take a little bit more effort.

However, it should be worth the effort to save our planet and to ensure a livable future for the next generation, shouldn’t it?!

If you are interested, also make sure to check out all the advantages and disadvantages of traveling!

About the author

My name is Andreas and my mission is to educate people of all ages about our environmental problems and how everyone can make a contribution to mitigate these issues.

As I went to university and got my Master’s degree in Economics, I did plenty of research in the field of Development Economics.

After finishing university, I traveled around the world. From this time on, I wanted to make a contribution to ensure a livable future for the next generations in every part of our beautiful planet.

Wanna make a contribution to save our environment? Share it!

Источник

More than ever before, travellers are booking ‘green’ eco-friendly accommodations. They are increasingly more willing to pay for sustainable and eco-friendly travel. According to booking.com, 87% of the people they interviewed indicate that they want to travel sustainably.

If you’re wondering where to start your green journey, we’ve got you covered. Here are 8 easy ways to travel without feeling guilty about your (carbon) footprint.

Why would you want to travel eco-friendly

First, let’s discuss a couple of reasons for eco-friendly traveling. One obvious reason is that it’s better for our planet. CO2-emissions from aviation, cars and other modes of transport contribute significantly to global warming. The consequences of global warming are pretty disastrous. From biodiversity loss to the flooding of major cities, there are plenty of reasons to want to prevent this.

From the same booking.com research, however, people also offered other reasons why they would like to travel greener. Six out of ten travellers (60%) said that their own experiences being out in nature inspired them to take better care of the planet. These experiences include;

Having seen the beauty of coral reefs and rainforests (60%)
Having seen the impact of tourism on the location they visited (54%)
Having seen the positive effects that sustainable tourism can have on the local population (47%)
Having seen what effect unsustainable tourism has on the country (42%)

Besides booking an eco-friendly accommodation, there are countless other ways to reduce the impact your travels have on the environment. Here are 8 easy ways to travel eco-friendly.

1. Don’t fly

The best way to reduce CO2-emissions is to simply not fly. But if you do need to fly, it’s best to avoid flying too many short distances in a row. Out of all the different ways of transport, short distance aviation causes the most pollution per kilometre. Of course, one short flight is better than one long flight, but it’s even better to take the train instead.

So, avoid stopovers. Stopovers will only make the journey longer, which means more kilometres, more fuel, and more CO2-emissions. Instead of choosing that cheap flight, just spend a couple of euros more on a direct flight and you will thank yourself later.

2. If you do fly: offset your CO2-emissions

When you book a flight, use a flight search engine that offsets your flight’s CO2-emissions for free, such as FlyGRN. FlyGRN earns a commission from every ticket we sell, which we use to offset your emissions by planting trees or investing in solar panel projects in India. Read more about how we exactly offset your flight’s emissions.

3. Get economy class and pack light

You’ve probably never thought about his, but flying economy class is actually better than flying business class. Business class fliers create far larger carbon footprints than economy fliers. First of all, business class takes up loads of physical space, while economy class carries more people and is thus way more efficient.

Secondly, think about what is required to run all the business-class airport lounges, spas and fancy facilities. The amount of water being used and the amount of waste that they produce is significantly higher than that of economy class.

Also, try to pack light. A heavy suitcase will make the airplane use more fuel than a light backpack. And, you will be doing your back a favour, too.

4. Hitchhike

Hitchhiking is a great way to share petrol costs, reduce CO2-emissions and get to know new people. And you don’t need to be standing alongside the road with a piece of cardboard in your hands in the rain, hoping someone will pick you up. Nowadays you can hitchhike the easy way, using an app such as BlaBlaCar, iThumb or Rideshare4less.

5. Travel with sustainable, eco-friendly or fairtrade travel agencies

Choosing travel agencies and eco-friendly accommodations is another way to make sure your travels are as environmentally friendly as possible. While it’s more eco-friendly to stay close to home, sometimes you do want to go a bit further away. In that case, stay at an eco-accomodation, such as Loola Adventure Group. This is the number one eco-accomodation in Indonesia.

To design your tailor made trip, use a sustainable travel agency such as Better Places Travel. They offer high-end sustainable travel experiences and only work with local travel experts. Also note that although travel contributes to carbon emissions, it can also have a positive influence on the welfare of local communities.

6. Don’t eat (as much) meat

The meat industry, especially the beef industry, is by far the world’s biggest polluter. According to some experts, giving up the consumption of animal products (beef), might reduce the carbon footprint more than cars.

So when you are travelling, eat as few animal products as possible. Of course, you don’t have to limit this to your holiday alone. It makes a huge difference if you eat less or no animal products at home, too.

7. Never, ever, do something touristy with wild animals

Have you ever seen those pictures of travellers posing with tigers? The tigers are semi-sedated and often live in poor maintained cages. Whatever they tell you about the orphanage, that the animals are treated really well, that they will release the animals into the wild or that they contribute to the conservation of the species, try to do more research so you know what’s really going on. Also, skip the elephant rides. Elephant rides are one of the worst tourist attractions in the industry.

Wild animals are wild for a reason and are not suitable to serve as a tourist attraction. The only way the serve as an attraction is when you see them in the wild.

8. Bring your own bags, bottles and eco-friendly products

Take your own shower products with you in reusable bottles, so you don’t have to use your hotel’s mini shampoos and body lotions. This way you don’t add to the pile of waste at your holiday destination. Bring your own water bottles that you can refill and bring your own bags so you can say no to plastic!

Are you already travelling green? And do you have any more tips to add to this list? Let us know in the comments below, we’d love to hear from you!

Источник

Спикинг по английскому языку егэ

ЕГЭ по английскому языку, устная часть. Тест 1 и образец выполнения.

Вы сдаете ЕГЭ по английскому? Значит, вам надо освоить такой непростой раздел, как говорение, или устная часть. Это задания С3, С4, С5 и С6 в варианте ЕГЭ. Больше всего ошибок выпускники делают именно в этих заданиях.

Мы подготовили для вас два реальных теста ЕГЭ по английскому и образцы выполнения этих тестов. В каждом из них – 4 задания. На этой странице — Тест 1

Задание С3 — чтение.

Task 1. Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.

Many lands that had once been swamps were drained or filled in. There are different reasons why people drained swamplands. Some were drained to fight diseases caused by insects that lived in them. Because swamps were considered unpleasant places in which to live and harmful to health, many people thought that unless they were drained the land was worthless.

Other swamps were drained to make new land. As the population grew and more land was needed, people drained swamps or filled them to make room for more farms and factories, more roads and airports.

Few people thought that it might be harmful to get rid of swamps. As swamps disappeared, other things happened. There were both more floods and more droughts than before. There were also more fires, for swamps had acted as firebreaks. Hunters noticed that there was less wild game. Wild life that once lived in the swamps was dying out, because it had no place to live.

Задание С4 – составить вопросы.

Task 2. Study the advertisement.
You are going to visit Japan this summer and you’d like to have more information about the flights to Japan. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask five questions to find out the following:

1) departure dates
2) travel time
3) return ticket price
4) discounts for students
5) buying the ticket online
You have 20 seconds to ask each question.

Пример выполнения задания:
1. What are the days of departures? ( What are departure dates?)
2. How long will it take to travel?
3. How much does the return ticket cost? ( What is the price of the return ticket?,
How much is the return ticket?)
4. Do you offer any discounts for students? ( Are there any discounts for students available?)
5. Is it possible to book the ticket online?

Задание С5 – описание одной картинки.

Task 3. Imagine that you are showing pictures of your pets to your friend. Choose one photo to present to your friend. You will have to start speaking in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes. You have to talk continuously. In your talk remember to speak about:
•when you took the photo
•what/who is in the photo
•what is happening
•why you took the photo
•why you decided to show the picture to your friend
Don’t forget to start with “I have chosen photo number ….”

Пример выполненного задания С5:

I have chosen photo number 1.
To begin with, people keep pets for different reasons. They make our lives more exciting and become the members of our family. They can also be our closest friends forever.

I took this photo last summer in our country house. We have got several pets and this dog is among them. All our pets are friendly and cute creatures.
Let me tell you a few words about this photo. In the background you can see a wonderful Russian landscape. In the foreground there is a wonderful lawn framed with lovely birches and bushes. In the centre you can see my elder sister Sveta and our dog Snowflake. We called him so because he is as white and fluffy as snow.
The weather is fine, sunny and warm. Snowflake likes to go for a walk very much. In the photo Sveta is telling him something to keep him calm. You can’t see me as I am taking the photo.
Taking this photo I wanted to start a collection of our pets’ pictures and to display it on the wall in our living room. Besides, the photos will always remind us of our pets.
I decided to show this picture to you because you told me a lot about your dog. Now it’s my turn to give you the first impression of my pet. Isn’t he friendly and cute?
I believe when you come to our place, Snowflake will accept you as his best friend.
That is all I wanted to tell you about this photo.

Задание С6 – сравнение и сопоставление двух фотографий.

Task 4. Study the two photographs. In 1.5 minutes be ready to compare and contrast the photographs:
•give a brief description (action, location)
•say what the pictures have in common
•say in what way the pictures are different
•say which kind of life you’d prefer
•explain why

You will speak for not more than 2 minutes. You have to talk continuously.

Пример выполненного задания C6:

In our modern world some jobs are very important for our society.
Here are two pictures to compare and contrast on the topic. This is a photo of a man doing his job outside and that is a photo of a policeman standing on the side of the road.
These two pictures show jobs and this is the first similarity. The people in both pictures are wearing uniforms, and that is also what these pictures have in common. The weather is rather warm.
However, pictures are somehow different. The main difference is that in picture one we can see a worker, while in picture two there is a traffic policeman. Also, their actions are different: the worker is paving a sidewalk and the policeman is on duty watching the traffic on the road.
As far as I am concerned, the job of a traffic policeman (cop) is more important for the society because people of this profession are responsible for our safety and order on the roads. Besides, they control all drivers to keep and obey traffic rules. It is very important for all drivers and passengers’ lives.
I’ve come to the end of my speaking. Thank you for listening.

Обрати внимание:
1. Получи за устную часть максимальный балл! Рекомендации преподавателя-профессионала.
2. Используй прилагательные. Без них речь будет скудной! Таблица необходимых прилагательных здесь.
3. Повтори правила чтения и произношения в английском языке. Говори правильно!
4. Узнай, как правильно задавать вопросы в английском языке.
5. Чтобы твой ответ был целостным, связным и грамотным, используй вводные слова.
Выполнение этих рекомендаций повысит и твой балл на ЕГЭ, и твой уровень владения английским.

Variant 8
3) Family relationships
4) Eco-friendly ways to travel

Методические рекомендации содержат советы разработчиков контрольных измерительных материалов ЕГЭ и полезную информацию для организации индивидуальной подготовки к ЕГЭ.

Задание 4 устной части по английскому языку

Вы сдаете ЕГЭ по английскому.

Ege-study. ru

12.06.2018 15:48:34

2018-06-12 15:48:34