Education for everyone thomas jefferson made a considerable contribution егэ ответы

Задание №10627.
Грамматика и лексика. ЕГЭ по английскому

Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Education for everyone

Thomas Jefferson made a considerable contribution to the development of education. He hoped that one day all young people on our planet ___ (HAVE) the right to education.

Решение:

Education for everyone

Thomas Jefferson made a considerable contribution to the development of education. He hoped that one day all young people on our planet WOULD HAVE the right to education.

Образование для всех

Томас Джефферсон внес значительный вклад в развитие образования. Он выразил надежду, что однажды все молодые люди на нашей планете будут иметь право на образование.

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Материалы для входного контроля по английскому языку в 11 классе содержат задания базового уровня в формате ЕГЭ в 3 вариантах с ключами.

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Входной контроль по английскому языку

11 класс

Вариант 1

1. Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1.	Inspired by noble goals
2.	Protected by law
3.	Small size – great opportunities
4.	Little experience – big success

5.	Hard to see and to believe
6.	Hard to explain how they could
7.	Breathtaking just to watch
8.	From travelling to discovery

Charles Darwin’s five-year voyage on H.M.S. Beagle has become legendary and greatly influenced his masterwork, the book, On the Origin of Species. Darwin didn’t actually formulate his theory of evolution while sailing around the world aboard the Royal Navy ship. But the exotic plants and animals he encountered challenged his thinking and led him to consider scientific evidence in new ways.

The 19th century was a remarkable time for exploration. Vast portions of the globe, such as the interior of Africa, were mapped by explorers and adventurers. It was the time when David Livingstone became convinced of his mission to reach new peoples in Africa and introduce them to Christianity, as well as free them from slavery.

Louis Pasteur’s various investigations convinced him of the rightness of his germ theory of disease, which holds that germs attack the body from outside. Many felt that such tiny organisms as germs could not possibly kill larger ones such as humans. But Pasteur extended this theory to explain the causes of many diseases – including cholera, TB and smallpox – and their prevention by vaccination.

Frederick Law Olmsted, the architect who designed New York City’s Central Park, called the Yosemite Valley “the greatest glory of nature.” Californians convinced one of their representatives, Senator John Conness, to do something about its protection. In May 1864, Conness introduced legislation to bring the Yosemite Valley under the control of the state of California. President Abraham Lincoln signed the bill into law.

The Maya thrived for nearly 2,000 years. Without the use of the cartwheel or metal tools, they built massive stone structures. They were accomplished scientists. They tracked a solar year of 365 days and one of the few surviving ancient Maya books contains tables of eclipses. From observatories, like the one at Chichen Itza, they tracked the progress of the war star, Mars.

Bali has been a surfing hotspot since the early 20th century, and continues to attract surfers from all over the world. The island’s small size and unique geography provides wonderful surfing conditions, in all seasons, for surfers of any level of experience. Inexperienced surfers might like to try Kuta’s kind waves, while more able surfers will try Nusa Dua’s powerful waves.

Base jumping is an extreme sport, one which only very adventurous travelers enjoy. Some base jumpers leap off bridges, others off buildings and the most extreme off cliffs in Norway. Once a year, base jumpers in the US get to leap off the New River Bridge in West Virginia. During the annual Bridge Day, hundreds of jumpers can go off the bridge legally. Thousands of spectators show up to watch.

A	B	C	D	E	F	G

2.Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текстов.

. Education for everyone

Thomas Jefferson made a considerable contribution to the development of education. He hoped that one day all young people on our planet 8________HAVE__________ the right to education.
Today, his dream 9_________COME_________ true. At the global level, the United Nations recognises the right of everyone to education.
Although education is compulsory in most places, school attendance is optional, therefore some parents choose home-schooling for their 10_______CHILD___________.

A visit to the dentist

My tooth hurt through the night. I had to take a painkiller to lessen the pain. 11________BAD__________ of all, I did not sleep the whole night.
The next morning I told my mother about my toothache. It was obvious I 12________NOT CAN__________ go to school. So I had to go to the dentist.
At nine o’clock we were waiting outside the dentist’s office. There was a small crowd. The nurse came and opened the door. I was the 13_________ONE_________ patient to rush into the office.

Glass

You can hardly imagine a world without glass. Glass plays an indispensable role in 14______VARY_______ scientific fields, in industry, and in telecommunications. It is used throughout the home, at work, and often in play. For centuries, glasswork has been a 15_____DECORATE_______ form of art. One of the greatest benefits of glass is that it lets in light and provides 16_____PROTECT______ from the weather at the same time. Glass windowpanes admit daylight but keep out cold or 17______STORM________ weather. Electric bulbs transmit light but keep out the oxygen that would cause their hot filaments to burn up. Television picture tubes enable 18 ____VIEW_______ to see the image that is formed inside the tube. Glass jars and bottles can reveal their contents without being opened. The principal reasons for the widespread use of glass are that most glass products can be made 19_____CHEAP________ and many kinds of glass can be made to suit particular purposes.

3.You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend John who writes:

…Last week my mom went to New York to help my aunt with her new baby. My dad and I had to do all the housework ourselves. What kind of family chores do you normally have, if at all? What would you cook for yourself, if you had to? Do you think boys should be able to cook and to keep house, and why?

Next weekend I’m going hiking with my classmates…

Write a letter to John. In your letter

— answer his questions

— ask 3 questions about his hiking plans

Write 100–140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

Предварительный просмотр:

Входной контроль по английскому языку

11 класс

Вариант 2

1.Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1.	Reaching a target audience
2.	Let the air in
3.	Using modern technology
4.	Violating regulations

5.	Careless behaviour
6.	Original meaning
7.	Needs protection
8.	Use of a dead language

Distance education or e-learning offers several advantages. Students participating in e-learning programs are often able to set their own schedules and work at their own pace. The learning experience can be supported by multimedia such as videos, interactive websites, and real-time conferencing with experts from anywhere in the world. Additionally, e-learning programs are less expensive than traditional ones.

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm did not expect to create a children’s collection of fairy tales. Instead, they wanted to preserve Germany’s oral tradition by collecting different stories. Not until several editions of their collection were published did the brothers realize that children were to be a major audience. Once the Brothers Grimm saw this new public, they tried to refine and soften their tales, which had originated centuries earlier as folklore.

The five Potter books have sold 250 million copies worldwide in 55 languages, including Latin and Ancient Greek. In Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, J.K. Rowlings uses spells and charms that are largely based on Latin. But one of the most serious spells, Avada Kedavra, may be a variant of «abracadabra». In the Harry Potter series, it is a spell that causes death. Harry Potter is the only one known to have survived it.

Critics of the Harry Potter books point out that the main characters who are supposed to be “good” are consistently and regularly portrayed as breaking all manner of ethical rules like those against lying, cheating, and stealing. They also regularly break school rules against behavior like going out at night, using magic in the Muggle world, and so forth.

On Christmas Eve of 1968, NASA astronaut William Anders, while orbiting the moon with the Apollo 8 mission, took a photograph that provided a foundation for the modern green movement. His photo shows a small, blue planet Earth peeking over the horizon of the Moon. The image of a small planet, alone in a vast ocean of space, showed billions of people the fragility of our planet and the importance of preserving and protecting Earth.

There are many indoor air pollutants that can be harmful. Indoor air can be up to 100 times more polluted than outdoor air. Organic compounds from some paints, carpets, synthetic fabrics and adhesives are a known health hazard, contributing to the disease known as Sick Building Syndrome. Proper technology can help – open windows to let fresh air in and bad air out.

Some people, especially in rural areas, burn their trash in pits or barrels. It seems an easy way to get rid of your garbage, but the smoke it creates has a lot of really unhealthy toxic chemicals. Burning things like foam cups, plastics, and colored and bleached paper in backyards or even fireplaces causes toxic smoke that can spread throughout the neighborhood.

A	B	C	D	E	F	G

Pets of my childhood

My pet history began when I was five. One summer day, while my mother 8________IRON__________ clothes with the window open, a nice canary flew in. We called it Chirpy and it became our first pet.
Soon, while Chirpy was still alive, my parents bought a pair of 9________MOUSE__________, whom we named Timmy and Tina. Unfortunately, Timmy and Tina lived only two years, and after they died we 10 ________NOT GET____ any more pets.

What is the oldest subway system in the world?

London’s Underground, which opened in 1863, is the oldest subway system in the world. Despite the name, about 55% of the subway network is above ground. 11________MANY__________ than one billion passenger journeys were recorded in 2007. The 12________BUSY__________ station in the London Underground network is Victoria station, which serves about 78 million passengers a year.
The tube map, with its schematic and colour-coded layout, 13________CONSIDER__________ a design classic.

St. Basil’s Cathedral

St. Basil’s Cathedral in Moscow was built between 1555 and 1561. According to legends, Ivan the Terrible blinded its 14______BUILD________ so that he could never build such a magnificent structure again. However, these legends seem 15_____TRUE_______. Old documents say that the same Russian architect built another cathedral in Vladimir later. There is a deep contrast between the 16_____COLOUR______ exterior of the church and its modest interior. People can see very few 17_____DECORATE_____ and very narrow corridors inside. Several times throughout its history, the cathedral suffered 18___TERRIBLE_____ from fires and enemy attacks. In one legend, Napoleon even wanted to take the 18church back to France with him. As he couldn’t do this, he ordered his army to destroy the church. The soldiers had already lit up the gunpowder, but a 19____MYSTERY______ rain prevented the fire.

3. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Nick who writes:

…I’m going to do a project on reading in different countries. Could you help me? Do young people read as much as old people in your country? Do you prefer to read E-books or traditional books? Why? How much time do you and your friends spend reading daily?

As for the latest news, I have just joined a sport club…

Write a letter to Nick.

In your letter

— answer his questions

— ask 3 questions about Nick’s sport club

Write 100–140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

Предварительный просмотр:

Входной контроль по английскому языку

11 класс

Вариант 3

1.Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1.	Back from the seas
2.	A museum of popular drinks
3.	Magic as attraction
4.	One tool museum

5.	Not a bank but …
6.	Still moving along
7.	A brand new shore museum
8.	To play any tune

The Salem Witch Museum brings you back to Salem of 1692 for a dramatic overview of the Witch Trials, including stage sets with life-size figures, lighting and a narration. There is also a possibility to go on a candlelight tour to four selected homes. The museum is open all year round and closed on Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year’s Day. Salem is also famous for its Haunted Happenings, a 24-day Halloween festival.

The Discover Sea Shipwreck Museum opened its doors in 1995, and has one of the largest collections of shipwreck and recovered artifacts in the Mid-Atlantic. It contains about 10,000 artifacts from local and worldwide locations, including an intact blown-glass hourglass from a 200-year-old shipwreck, which is also the world’s deepest wooden wreck at the heart of the Bermuda Triangle.

The Seashore Trolley Museum is the oldest and largest electric railway museum in the world. It was founded in 1939 with one open trolley car, No. 31 from the Biddeford & Saco Railroad Company. The Seashore Trolley Museum contains over 250 transit vehicles, mostly trolleys, from the United States, Canada and abroad. Visitors can even take a trip along the Maine countryside aboard a restored early-1900s electric streetcar.

American Hop Museum is dedicated to the brewing industry and located in the heart of the Yakima Valley’s hop fields, which gather the best harvest for producing beer. It chronicles the American hop industry from the New England colonies to its expansion into Californiaand the Pacific Northwest, and includes historical equipment, photos and artifacts that pay tribute to hop, the everlasting vine that is still an integral part of the brewing industry.

The Money Museum in Colorado Springs is America’s largest museum dedicated to numismatics (the study of collecting coins and metals). The collection contains over 250,000 items from the earliest invention of money to modern day, with items including paper money, coins, tokens, medals, and traditional money from all over the world. Highlights include the 1804 dollar, the 1913 V Nickel, the 1866 no motto series, a comprehensive collection of American gold coins, and experimental pattern coins and paper money.

The Kenneth G. Fiske Museum of Musical Instruments in California has one of the most diverse collections of musical instruments in theUnited States. This museum is home to over 1,400 American, European and ethnic instruments from the 17th–20th centuries. Selections from all parts of the world also include keyboards, brass, woodwind, stringed, percussion, mechanical and electronic instruments. Other highlights are rare pieces from the violin and viola families, reed organs and instruments from the Orient and Tibet.

The Hammer Museum in Alaska is the world’s first museum dedicated to hammers. The Museum provides a view of the past through the use of man’s first tool. You will find over 1500 hammers on display, ranging from ancient times to the present. The museum does not have any paid staff, and it is run by volunteers. This quaint and quirky museum is an interesting and informative stop for the whole family.

A	B	C	D	E	F	G

2. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текстов.

He didn’t need advice

Once Mozart was approached by a young man, who was interested in Mozart’s advice on how to compose a symphony. Since he was still very young, Mozart recommended that he should start by 8________WRITE__________ballads. 9_________SURPRISE_________, the young man responded, “But you wrote symphonies when you were only ten years old.”
“But I 10_________NOT HAVE_________ to ask,” countered Mozart.

Why a zigzag?

Have you ever noticed that when we climb hills we create zigzags? We don’t go straight ahead but go in zigzags. It can mean walking 20 times as far, and still a zigzag is 11________FAST__________ than the shortest distance between two points.
Researchers developed a mathematical model 12________SHOW__________ that a zigzag provides the most efficient way for humans to go up or down steep slopes.
They explain that zig-zagging 13________REQUIRE__________ less effort.

Pronunciation is important

Some learners of English think that pronunciation is not very important. That is 14___ABSOLUTE_______ wrong. Even if you have an acceptable grasp of the English language, with good grammar and an 15___EXTEND_______ vocabulary, native English speakers may find you very difficult to understand you if you don’t work on your pronunciation. Correct, clear pronunciation is 16______ESSENCE______ if you really want to improve your level of English. Pay particular attention to any sounds that you are 17___FAMILIAR____ with or that do not exist in your native tongue. For example, 18___RUSSIA______ have difficulty pronouncing the “th” sound, as it does not exist in their native language. Remember that the pronunciation of certain English words varies depending on the part of the world it’s spoken in. For example, American English differs 19____GREAT_______ from British English.

3. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Jane who writes:

…Last weekend was my mom’s anniversary and we had a family gathering. We entertained more than 25 people and lived on leftovers for 2 days after the event. What do you usually cook for special occasions? How often do you entertain people in your family? Do you normally celebrate your family holidays at home, or go to a café or to a club? Why?

Oh, before I forget, my middle brother won our school tennis tournament…

Write a letter to Jane. In your letter

— answer her questions

— ask 3 questions about her middle brother

Write 100–140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

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КЛЮЧИ ВХОДНОЙ КОНТРОЛЬ

Вариант 1
A	8
B	1
C	5
D	2
E	6
F	3
G	7
8	WOULDHAVE
9	HASCOME
10	CHILDREN
11	WORST
12	COULDNOT
13	FIRST
14	VARIOUS
15	DECORATIVE/DECORATING
16	PROTECTION
17	STORMY
18	VIEWERS
19	CHEAPER

Вариант 2
A	3
B	6
C	8
D	4
E	7
F	2
G	5
8	WASIRONING
9	MICE
10	DIDNOTGET
11	MORE
12	BUSIEST
13	ISCONCIDERED
14	BUILDER
15	UNTRUE
16	COLOURFUL
17	DECORATIONS
18	TERRIBLY
19	MYSTERIOUS

Вариант 3
A	3
B	1
C	6
D	2
E	5
F	8
G	4
8	WRITING
9	SURPRISED
10	DIDNOTHAVE
11	FASTER
12	SHOWING
13	REQUIRES
14	ABSOLUTELY
15	EXTENDED/EXTENSIVE
16	ESSENCIAL
17	UNFAMILIAR
18	RUSSIANS
19	GREATLY

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Task 1.

Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some

interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your

friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out

aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.

There is an established stereotype among foreigners that Russia is a country of

eternal frost and snow-covered streets. This is all because for many years

foreigners have been frightened by the phrase «Russian winter». But it’s not all that

simple, Russia is a vast country and the weather in different areas can be

completely different. Russia consists of several continental zones For example, in

the north winters are long and harsh, in some places there is lots of snow and

temperatures fall below -40 degrees Celsius . These winters are normal, not only in

the northern regions of the country but even in the Far East. Summers in these

areas don’t even see three warm months out of the year

The closer you get to the south the warmer the Russian climate gets. In the central

part of the country summer becomes warm—even hot—which makes it possible for

a good harvest of grain, fruit and vegetables. Winters here are not extremely cold

and the average winter temperature does not fall below -15 degrees Celsius. By the

way, in Russia the real warmth does not start until the middle of April. And only at

the end of May does everything start to bloom and people go without their warm

clothing.

Task 2. Study the advertisement.

You are considering visiting the museum and now you’d like to get more

information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask five direct questions to find out the

following:

1) location of the museum

2) opening hours

3) admission fee

4) special exhibitions

5) discounts for students

You have 20 seconds to ask each question.

Task 3. Imagine that while travelling during your holidays you took some

photos. Choose one photo to present to your friend.

You will have to start speaking in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more

than 2 minutes ( 12-15 sentences). In your talk remember to speak about:

• when you took the photo

• what/who is in the photo

• what is happening

• why you took this photo

• why you decided to show the picture to your friend

You have to talk continuously, starting with: «I’ve chosen photo number…»

Task 4. Study the twо phоtоgraphs. In 1.5 minutes be ready tо cоmpare and

cоntrast the phоtоgraphs:

• give a brief description of the photos (action, location)

• say what the pictures have in common

• say in what way the pictures are different

• say which way of reading books you’d prefer

• explain why

Yоu will speak fоr nоt mоre than 2 minutes (12-15 sentences). Yоu have tо

talk continuously.

Тексты для аудирования

Сейчас Вы будете выполнять задания по аудированию. Каждый текст про-

звучит 2 раза. После первого и второго прослушиваний у Вас будет время

для выполнения и проверки заданий. Все паузы включены в аудиозапись.

Остановка и повторное воспроизведение аудиозаписи не предусмотрены. По

окончании выполнения всего раздела «Аудирование» перенесите свои ответы

в бланк ответов № 1.

Задание 1

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказы-

ваниями каждого говорящего A-F и утверждениями, данными

в списке 1-7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответ-

ствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утвер-

ждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. У

Вас есть 20 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданием.

Now we are ready to start.

Speaker A

Learning Spanish let me be part of my best friend’s family and have friends in col-

lege from South America whom I may not have met had I not had such an interest

in learning Spanish. I like myself with these other people more than I like my

American self (if that makes sense). I have known a lot of people who learned an-

other language at the age of

19 and above who now speak their second language

almost without an accent but speak their first language with an accent!

Speaker B

Learning a foreign language always gives you a chance to compare the foreign

language and your mother tongue. In order to learn another language, you need to

learn the different titles and functions of sentence parts. Learning these things can

make you a better student and a more articulate person. Also, many of the root

words used in foreign vocabulary will help you later on as you struggle to compre-

hend or analyze new words in your native language. For instance, studying Latin in

high school taught me an incredible amount of English, because English has so

many words that come from Latin. The same is with Greek.

Speaker C

I know this might not make sense at first but hear me out. I know it’s not polite in

some situations. But if you and some of your friends learn a foreign language,

you’ll be able to talk to each other without other people having a clue what you’re

saying. This works best if you choose a language few people study, such as Japa-

nese. Avoid the Big Two (Spanish and French), because too many of us learned

them in high school. And you never know who has a German, Finnish, Italian, or

Greek grandmother!

Speaker D

Traveling is one of the great joys of life and also one of the most expensive. Why

not get the most out of your experience? As a person who doesn’t know the native

tongue you are completely excluded from the culture. The locals ignore you and all

that’s left for you is sightseeing and taking cheesy photos. Knowing even a few

phrases of the language will make a huge difference. You will meet many more

people and find it much easier to get around. People are much more welcoming if

you make an effort to speak their language. This can turn a frustrating experience

into the trip of a lifetime.

Speaker E

A language is what makes us human. It is the medium we use to share our thoughts

with the world. Could you imagine а thought without а language? A great language

also has a wonderful musical quality. Learning a new language is like learning a

new way to think and a new way to sing. I am often struck by new phrases that are

profoundly meaningful and melodic. At those moments I feel grateful to be alive.

Don’t sell yourself short by stubbornly ignoring every language but one.

Speaker F

Believe it or not, the majority of the world does not speak English. We are so iso-

lated that we hardly realize this. The truth is new thoughts and ideas are happening

everywhere and they are not being immediately translated. The world is getting

smaller and we are coming into contact with more non-English speakers all the

time. Gain an advantage for yourself in business and personal relationships by be-

ing able to communicate with people in their language. This will set you apart and

gain you immediate respect and credibility.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. ( Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you will hear the texts again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers.

(Pause 15 seconds.)

Задание 2

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений A-G

соответствуют содержанию текста ( 1-True), какие не соответствуют (

2-False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текса нельзя

дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3-Not stated). Зане-

сите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите за-

пись дважды. У Вас есть 20 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданиями.

Now we are ready to start.

John: Hello, Maggie. What are you buying?

Maggie: I’m choosing a dress to begin with. What do you think about this one?

John: Ooh, it’s a gorgeous dress, Maggie, but the other one seems nicer.

Maggie: Mmm, it’s lovely, isn’t it? But you’re right, the blue dress looks better.

And I’m going to buy it.

John: Remember to take the receipt. Last year I couldn’t return a jumper because

I didn’t have a receipt.

Maggie: What was wrong with the jumper?

John: Nothing except the colour, the shape and the size. It was a present from

Mum. Every Christmas she gives me a dreadful jumper, but I can’t explain to her

that I don’t need it because I don’t want to hurt her feelings.

Maggie: That’s why I always buy clothes myself.

John: Can we go and look at the computer games now?

Maggie: OK, Johnny, you are very patient. Let’s just have a look at shoes and then

we can go to the electronics shop. I want to buy a camera for my brother. So what

are you doing at Christmas John? You’ve got a few days off work, haven’t you?

John: Indeed I have, Maggie, and I’m going to Poland for a few days. I’m looking

forward to a nice cosy Christmas. Fancy joining me?

Maggie: I’ve already been invited, but thank you. Tim and I had quite a long chat

the other day. It’d be nice to see him but I’ve already made plans. I’m spending

Christmas with my Mom and Dad.

John: Yeah, you’ll have a family Christmas. I expect we’re feeling peckish, so

we’ll have a quick bite to eat before going home.

Maggie: OK, let’s go.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. ( Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you will hear the text again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers.

(Pause 15 seconds.)

Задания 3-9

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3-9 запишите цифру 1,2 или 3, соответ-

ствующую выбранному Вам варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись два-

жды. У Вас есть 50 секунд, чтобы познакомиться с заданиями.

Now we are ready to start.

Presenter: Good morning. Today we’ve got Susan B. Anderson, a popular knit-

wear designer and the author of some famous books. She’s also a blogger with a

well-organized legion of fans . Enjoy. Hello, Susan. Nice to meet you.

Susan: Hello. Nice to meet you too.

Presenter: Did you always want to be a fashion designer?

Susan: Both of my Grandmothers were fashion designers, but I didn’t really

know that until I started college! One had her own label and the other worked as a

Womenswear Designer for a fashion house in Dublin. For as long as I can remem-

ber I was always interested in fashion and started to modify my clothes from a very

young age. My mother taught me to knit when I was six. Definitely, I thought

about other occupations such as being an architect, but as soon as I knitted the first

dress from just a ball of wool, I knew knitting was my calling in life!

Presenter: Where did you study?

Susan: When I was in high school I took a tech theater class where my professor,

after seeing me create patterns without formal background, introduced me to the

idea that I could study and in fact work in fashion. None of my guidance counse-

lors knew about schools or careers in fashion at that time so I turned to the Inter-

net, I found summer programmes and developed a portfolio that got me into the

Fashion Institute of Technology.

Presenter:

Could you talk us through

your

fashion

CV?

Susan: Last year I worked on my own label and launched my first collection,

Spring Summer 2014, at NY Profile during New York Fashion Week, where I

picked up the ‘Best Womenswear Designer’ award. I also took my collection to

Tokyo, where I had a fashion show and exhibition. Just recently I had my debut

show at London Fashion Week, showing my A/W 09 collection at Vauxhall Fash-

ion Scout.

Presenter: It is really gorgeous. What inspired your A/W 09 collection?

Susan: My trip to Tokyo 2 years ago where I met Japanese designers and was

introduced to Japanese culture- I was amazed by the bold architecture and the con-

trast of delicate patterns, often found on the facades. My aim was to create a col-

lection which was both modern and bold, yet sophisticated.

Presenter: How do you describe your style?

Susan: Simple, but funky. I like unexpected colors or interesting patterns and with

a little Rock n’ Roll or vintage decor nod.

Presenter: Any new projects in the works?

Susan : Yup! I’m currently writing my seventh book (but first one for Chronicle

Books), which will focus on projects using intermediate knitting skills. I’m work-

ing on my new collection but it’s a secret.

Presenter: What’s your favorite part of blogging?

Susan: My favorite part of blogging is the interaction I have with the readers.

I have had so many mothers and grandmothers send me photos of their new babies

and children . I have had e-mails and comments from people with elderly or sick

family members who have knitted a toy to brighten their days I have heard from

countless charities all doing so much good in the world through knitting. I also get

to hear from new and experienced knitters who are inspired to try something new

because they saw it on the blog. It’s the heartwarming stories big and small, and the

words of appreciation and encouragement that make blogging so worthwhile.

I have fun with it and I always look forward to posting a new entry.

Presenter: Thanks, Susan, for taking the time to talk.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. ( Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you will hear the text again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers.

(Pause 15 seconds.)

This is the end of the Listening test.

Время, отведённое на выполнение заданий, истекло.

Раздел 1. Аудирование

Вы услышите

6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между

высказываниями каждого говорящего A-F и утверждениями, данными

в списке

1-7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное

соответствующей буквой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее

утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы

в таблицу.

1. We can exchange gossip secretly.

2. You can understand your language better.

3. Choosing a foreign language to study is not easy.

4. I have a chance to change my identity.

5. Languages and music have a lot in common.

6. Languages boost your prestige.

7. Speaking a foreign language helps you not to feel foreign.

Говорящий

Утверждение

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений A-G

соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют

(2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя

дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated).

Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы

услышите запись дважды

A. Maggie is trying on a blue dress when she meets John.

B. John could not get a refund for a jumper last year.

C. Maggie refuses to go to the electronic shop with John.

D. John is not going to work for a week at Christmas.

E. John suggests that he and Maggie celebrate Christmas together.

F. Maggie is spending Christmas with her parents.

G. Maggie and John will have a snack in a cafe.

Утверждение

Соответствие

диалогу

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3-9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2

или

3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту

ответа.

Вы

услышите запись дважды.

Susan decided to become a knitwear designer when

1) she learned that her relatives were designers.

2) she made a woolen dress.

3) her mother taught her to knit.

Ответ:

How did Susan learn about the Fashion Institute of Technology?

1) It was recommended by her professor.

2) It was advised to her by guidance counselors.

3) She found out about it on her own.

Ответ:

Susan’s A/W 09 collection was shown in

1) the USA.

2) Japan.

3) England.

Ответ:

When Susan was in Tokyo, she was impressed by

1) Japanese archi ectural style.

2) the patterns of Japanese clothes.

3) the modern collection of Japanese designers.

Ответ:

Susan’s style can be described as

1) traditional.

2) blended.

3) casual.

Ответ:

What does Susan say about her new book?

1) It will be another book for Chronicle Books.

2) It is not going to be for beginners.

3) It will be about her completed projects.

Ответ:

Susan enjoys blogging because

1) she can communicate with people.

2) she has a chance to receive photos from her relatives.

3) she can donate money to charities.

Ответ:

Раздел 2. Чтение

Установите соответствие между текстами A-G и заголовками

1-8.

Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один

раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

Controversies and developments

5. Unusual commercials

Difficult to find the difference

6 Time is money

Good for various spheres of life

7 Fairer chances for business

Keeping viewers glued to a TV set 8. The appearance of TV advertising

For about seventy years TV has been used as a vehicle for advertising in

some countries . Since the late 1940s, television commercials have become

far and away the most effective and most popular method of selling products

of all sorts. The radio advertising industry was well-established when

television made its debut in the 1940s, and television was developed as a

commercial medium, based upon the successful format of the radio.

In the earliest days of television, it was often difficult to understand whether

you watch actual television programmes or commercials. Many of the earliest

television shows were sponsored by single companies, who inserted their

names and products into the shows as much as possible. For example, Texaco

employees appeared during the show to perform while the Texaco musical

logo would play in the background.

Another important milestone came in the 1960s with the introduction of very

short commercial breaks during a TV show. Now it was possible for several

companies to use a popular programme as an advertising platform together. It

was one of the most efficient ways of marketing, and companies like Tide and

Crest took it as an opportunity to expand their ad campaigns.

In the 1970s, the broadcast of television advertisements which promoted

cigarettes was banned by the administration. This resulted in a conflict

between the government and television networks, as for them these ads

constituted a significant portion of the total revenue. The period between the

1970s and the 1990s was marked by the increase of the time of commercial

breaks from 9 to 19 minutes or the debut of celebrities advertising brand

products.

Today the vast majority of television commercials consist of brief advertising

spots, ranging in length from a few seconds to several minutes. Commercials

of this sort have been used to sell literally every product imaginable over the

years, from household products to goods and services, to political campaigns.

considered

impossible

for

a politician to

wage a

successful election campaign without airing a good television commercial.

The brief commercial «breaks» that interrupt shows regularly are the primary

reason for the existence of modern-day television networks.

The

programming is intended to capture the attention of the audience so that they

will not want to change the channel; instead, they will (hopefully) watch the

commercials while waiting for the next segment of the show. Entire industries

exist that focus solely on the task of keeping the viewing audience interested

enough to sit through commercials.

The TV commercial is generally considered the most effective mass-market

advertising format, and this is reflected by the high prices TV networks

charge for commercial airt me during popular TV events. The ratings systems

determine how successful television shows are, so that they can decide what

rates to charge advertisers for their commercial airtime. For example, a single

thirty-second TV spot in prime time may cost up to $2 million.

Ответ:

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A-F частями предложений,

обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 — лишняя.

Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения,

в таблицу.

Starting your own business

What are the reasons for starting your own business? One of them is because you

believe you are the best in that line or because you have a product or service that

has never been offered to the market before. Another is that you are a person in

a real hurry and cannot suffer the A___________ to reach your goals.

Sometimes it is because you have an inheritance B___________ _ soon after you

set up a business or that there already is a cash purse with loose strings and you

want to make the best of this bonanza.

If your reasons are any or all of the above, abandon the though right now and save

yourself the disillusionment C____________into the world of commerce.

Start your own business just for the sake of doing a trade, or for D___________.

Do not burden yourself with lofty notions of superiority when compared to your

peers. When setting out to start your own business, be emotional about it, but not

impractical; don’t be led by your heart, but be dictated by your mind.

Having covered those parts that are not taught in a business school, let us look at

E____________ your own business. You should start with a SWOT analysis-

strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats — analyze these for yourself, for

partners in your business, if any, and for the business itself.

If the result of the analysis s encouraging, then prepare a business plan. It is like

a road map for actions in the near foreseeable future to achieve your business

goals. Finally, execute the business plan with precision; tweak it as you go along,

only so that it he ps to meet the end goal of successfully F_____________ the

business.

1. the essentials of starting

2. that awaits when you step

3 trials and tribulations of employment

4. establishing and conducting

5. preparing a business plan

6. waiting to be acquired

7. undertaking the commercial activity

Ответ:

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания

-18. В каждом задании

запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному

Вами варианту ответа.

Why The English Love Drinking Tea

Ever since the 18th century, tea time has been an integral part of English life.

People from other countries have a set idea of what English tea time means: smart

dresses, delicate finger foods, and hot tea all served on the best china.

This is not a passion that England shares with most of the rest of the world,

where coffee is almost universally more popular than tea. In fact, the per capita

consumption of tea in the United Kingdom is 12.85kg per year, which is almost

three times as much as in Morocco which comes in second place at 4.34kg per

year. This per capita consumption is even higher if you looked at England (one of

4 countries in the United Kingdom) on its own. Perhaps surprisingly, in Japan the

popularity of tea has been suffering a slight decline since the start of the new

millennium.

During the early 1700s the British East India Company began growing tea in

the newly conquered Indian territories on an industrial scale using cheap labour

and conquered land. The massive scale of tea production in India, the majority of

which was sent straight to England, sent the price of tea plummeting. Suddenly,

what was once a rare treat for the wealthy became an affordable product which

ordinary British people could enjoy on a regular basis. Not only that, but sugar was

just starting to become more affordable for ordinary people as well. As a result of

this, tea became a powerful symbol of the benefits of Empire for the ordinary

English citizen.

It is one thing to understand why the English first started drinking so much

tea, but that doesn’t really explain why we continue to do so some 300 years later.

My own personal opinion is that one of the biggest reasons behind our continuing

love affair with tea is because we find tea comforting. Its familiarity is like a cosy

comfort blanket to us, and the long tradition of tea drinking provides a calming

ritual with which to punctuate the day.

At times of stress, grief or hardship it is not uncommon for the first

response of an English person to be ‘making a nice cup of tea’. The sheer

familiarity of the ritual serves to centre you, diminishing the pressing concerns of

the moment by making them seem small in comparison to such a long and often

repeated tradition.

Being an Englishman, I prefer drinking tea with milk. Debate continues

whether to put milk in the cup before or after pouring tea. Originally milk was

always added before tea to prevent hot tea from cracking the fine bone china cups.

Tea experts agree with this tradition but also state that tea needs to be left in the

water on its own for the flavour and colour to develop and a splash of milk should

be added later.

Tea itself seems to have calming properties, and it most certainly has a range

of proven and suspected health benefits. Although many English people actually

drink more tea than is strictly good for them, it cannot be denied that in moderate

quantities (4 cups per day is usually said to be ideal) tea drinking has a remarkable

range of health benefits. Studies have shown that drinking three to four cups of tea

per day reduces your risk of having a heart attack, as well as protecting you from

a range of degenerative heart conditions. Although the link has not yet been fully

proven, several studies have suggested that tea drinking may help to prevent

a range of different kinds of cancer, including lung cancer.

All over the world people think that tea ceremony in England is

1) similar to tea ceremony in China.

2) connected with the cult of food.

3) is conducted in a formal style.

4) the same as it was in the 18th century.

Ответ:

Tea consumption

1) is three times as much in Morocco as in China.

2) differs from country to country within the UK.

3) is the same as coffee in many countries of the world.

4) is increasing rapidly in Japan

Ответ:

Which statement DOES NOT refer to the content of paragraph 3?

1) Tea companies grew a lot of tea in colonies.

2) Prices for tea were high before the 18th century.

3) England exported tea to many countries.

4) Sugar became less expensive.

Ответ

The author believes that the English love tea because

1) tea is the best drink to start the day.

2) tea has a soothing effect on people.

3) people in England warm up with tea.

4) tea is a good way to begin relationship.

Ответ:

The reason for drinking a cup of tea when suffering is that it

1) makes the situation less stressful.

2) gives you time to forget about the problem.

3) doesn’t take much tme or effort to make.

4) it allows your body muscles to relax.

Ответ:

People used to pour milk in a cup before tea

1) to change the taste of tea.

2) not to spoil the flavour of tea.

3) to achieve the best colour of tea.

4) not to break expensive cups.

Ответ:

According to the text, people who like tea

1) over time may develop lung cancer.

2) should drink as much tea as they like.

3) should not drink over 4 cups a day.

4) have a good chance to live a healthy life.

Ответ:

Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика

Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо,

слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных

номерами

19-25 так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали

содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый

пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19-25.

Bouvet Island

Bouvet Island is a dependent area of Norway. It is an

uninhabited volcanic island in the South Atlantic

Ocean where the_____human life resides thousands of

NEAR

miles away.

The island has an area of 49 square kilometres, the

biggest part of which _____by a glacier.

COVER

The island

_____ on 1 January 1739. It is home to

SPOT

different sea creatures.

The island _____ a nature reserve since 1971.

My dream house

I live in a block of flats in one of the residential areas

of my town. My flat is on the _____floor. When the lift

TWELVE

is faulty, it is very hard to get to the flat on foot.

I often think about a big ideal house in the suburbs I

______ in without noisy neighbours to disturb me.

LIVE

I would like to have a green house with rare plants

from all over the world. I could take care of them

_____.

In the future when I grow up, graduate from university

and get a well-paid job, I’ll definitely buy the house I’m

dreaming about now.

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных

заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами

26 -31,

однокоренные слова так чтобы они грамматически и лексически

соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными

словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы

26 -31.

Robots of the future

Robotic engineers are designing the next generation of

robots to look, feel and act more human, to make it

easier for us to warm up to a cold machine.

Realistic looking hair and skin with embedded sensors

will allow robots to react

__________ in their

NATURAL

environment.

For example, a robot that senses your touch on the

shoulder turns to greet you.

Subtle actions by robots that go

_______ between

NOTICED

people, help bring them to life and can also relay non

verbal communication.

Artificial eyes can move and blink. Slight chest

________ simulate breathing.

MOVE

Man-made muscles are able to change

_______

FACE

expressions.

These are all must have attributes for the socially

_________ robots of the future.

It may be less pleasant to work in the company of

robots but definitely one of the main reasons is the

high efficiency of the process of work as not much

USE

time will be spent on _______ talks.

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32-38. Эти

номера соответствуют заданиям

32-38 в которых представлены

возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4,

соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Virtual High School

Christina C. was determined to graduate from high school. Yet, being not a

driven student she faced numerous hurdles , leading to frustration.

At that point, a school administrator told Christina about a new public

schooling

32_____ -Youth Connection Charter School (YCCS) Virtual High

School — that could be a path to graduation.

Christina chose the combination of Virtual High School’s online instruction

coupled with the support from classroom teachers. This hybrid education model

33_____her to take online courses at home and attend some lessons at school.

«When I found out about this program, my mother said it was a good idea

and told me she would help me get

34_____ it. The school even provided bus

35_____ so I could attend — and it was the best decision,» she said.

«It was hard for me to adjust but taking the classes on the computer gave

me a chance to study at my own

36_____,» said Christina.

The online courses also relieved the pressure Christina often felt in a

traditional classroom. «Sometimes I was hesitant to let a teacher know I didn’t

understand something. Because there were so many students, I couldn’t get the

individual attention I needed. The online courses really take the pressure off

because you can

_____ your time till you understand it all,» she explained.

This past June, Christina, aged 19, graduated from High School and her

academic success and newfound confidence spurred her to apply — and to be

accepted — to Trinity Christian College, with a partial scholarship.

«I was shocked … Here I was ready to give up, and I graduated with As. I

can go to college and make my dreams

38_____true,» she said.

1) chance

2) advantage

3) option

4) preference

Ответ:

1) allowed

2) let

3) provided

4) gave

Ответ:

1) over

2) on

3) ahead

4) through

Ответ:

1) charge

2) fare

3) tuition

4) expense

Ответ:

1) step

2) walk

3) speed

4) pace

Ответ:

1) spend

2) have

3) enjoy

4) take

Ответ:

1) realize

2) become

3) come

4) get

Ответ:

Раздел 4. Письмо

Для ответов на задания 39 и 40 используйте чистый лист. Черновые

пометки можно делать прямо на листе с заданиями, или можно

использовать отдельный черновик. При выполнении заданий 39 и 40 особое

внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по

записям, сделанным на листе ответов. Никакие записи черновика не будут

учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость

соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного объёма,

а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются.

Запишите сначала номер задания (39, 40), а затем ответ на него. Если

одной стороны листа недостаточно, Вы можете использовать другую его

сторону.

You havе just rеcеivеd a lеttеr from your English-spеaking pеn friеnd, Paula.

My friend and I have just decided to enter the «Go Green in the

City» competition. We are going to create a project on the energy

management. Have you ever taken part n green projects? What

alternative forms of energy are developed in Russia? Do you

prefer using public transport or a private car and why?

Last week I visited Granny who lives in Edinburgh…

Writе a lеttеr to Paula.

In your lеttеr

— answer her quest on

— ask 3 questions about her trip

Write 100-140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

Comment on the following statement.

Some students believe that homework should be optional.

What is your opinion? Do you agree with this point of view?

Write

200-250 words.

Use the following plan:

− make an introduction ( state the problem);

− express your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion;

− express an opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasons for this opposing opinion;

− express why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion;

− make a conclusion restating your position.

Ответы к заданиям

№ задания

Ответ

NEAREST

ISCOVERED

WASSPOTTED

HASBEEN

TWELFTH

WOULDLIVE

MYSELF

NATURALLY

UNNOTICED

MOVEMENTS

FACIAL

ACCEPTABLE

USELESS

Критерии и схемы оценивания выполнения заданий

раздела «Письмо» (2013 г.)

(максимум 20 баллов за весь раздел)

Критерии оценивания выполнения задания С1

(максимум 6 баллов)

Решение коммуника-

Баллы

тивной задачи

Организация текста

Языковое

оформление

текста

К1

К2

К3

Задание

выполнено

Высказывание

ло-

Используемый словарный

полностью: содержание

гично; средства логи-

запас и грамматические

отражает все аспекты,

ческой связи ис-

структуры соответствуют

указанные в задании

пользованы

пра-

поставленной задаче; орфо-

(даны полные ответы на

вильно; текст верно

графические и пунктуаци-

все вопросы, заданы три

разделён на абзацы;

онные ошибки практически

вопроса по указанной

структурное

офор-

отсутствуют

(допускается

теме); стилевое оформ-

мление текста со-

не более 2 негрубых лекси-

ление речи выбрано пра-

ответствует нормам

ко-грамматических ошибок

вильно с учетом цели

принятым в стране

или/и не более 2 негрубых

высказывания и адреса-

изучаемого языка.

орфографических и пункту-

та; соблюдены принятые

ационных ошибок).

в языке нормы веж-

ливости.

Задание выполнено не

Высказывание не все-

Имеются лексические и

полностью: содержание

гда логично; имеются

грамматические ошибки, не

отражает не все аспекты,

недостатки/ ошибки в

затрудняющие понимания

указанные в задании

использо-вании

текста; имеются орфогра-

(более одного аспекта

средств

логической

фические и пунктуаци-

раскрыто не полностью

связи, их выбор огра-

онные ошибки, не затруд-

или один аспект полно-

ничен; деление текста

няющие коммуникации (до-

стью

отсутствует);

на абзацы нелогич-

пускается не более 4 негру-

встречаются нарушения

но/отсутствует; име-

бых лексико-грамматичес-

стилевого оформления

ются

отдельные

ких ошибок или/и не более

речи или/и принятых

нарушения принятых

4 негрубых орфографиче-

в языке норм вежли-

норм

оформления

ских и пунктуационных

вости.

личного письма.

ошибок).

Задание не выполнено:

Отсутствует логика в

Понимание текста за-

содержание не отражает

построении высказы-

труднено из-за множества

тех аспектов, которые

вания; принятые нор-

лексико-грамматических

указаны в задании, или/и

мы оформления лич-

ошибок.

не соответствует требуе-

ного письма не со-

мому объёму.

блюдаются.

Примечание. При получении экзаменуемым 0 баллов по критерию «Решение

коммуникативной задачи» всё задание оценивается в 0 баллов.

Критерии оценивания выполнения задания С2

(максимум 14 баллов)

Баллы

Решение коммуникативной задачи

Организация текста

К1

К2

Задание выполнено полностью: со-

Высказывание логично, структура тек-

держание отражает все аспекты, ука-

ста соответствует предложенному пла-

занные в задании; стилевое оформле-

ну; средства логической связи исполь-

ние речи выбрано правильно (соблю-

зованы правильно; текст разделён на

дается нейтральный стиль).

абзацы.

Задание выполнено: некоторые ас-

Высказывание в основном логично,

пекты, указанные в задании, раскры-

имеются отдельные отклонения от пла-

ты не полностью; имеются отдельные

на в структуре высказывания; имеются

нарушения стилевого оформления

отдельные недостатки при использова-

речи.

нии средств логической связи; имеются

отдельные недостатки при делении тек-

ста на абзацы.

Задание выполнено не полностью:

Высказывание не всегда логично, есть

содержание отражает не все аспекты,

значительные отклонения от предло-

указанные в задании; нарушения сти-

женного плана; имеются многочислен-

левого оформления речи встречаются

ные ошибки в использовании средств

достаточно часто.

логической связи, их выбор ограничен;

деление текста на абзацы отсутствует.

Задание не выполнено: содержание

Отсутствует логика в построении вы-

не отражает тех аспектов, которые

сказывания, предложенный план ответа

указаны в задании, или/и не соответ

не соблюдается.

ствует требуемому объёму или/и бо-

лее 30% ответа имеет непродуктив-

ный характер (т. е. текстуально сов-

падает с опубликованным источни-

ком или дру-гими экзаменационны-

ми работами).

Орфография и

Баллы

Лексика

Грамматика

Пунктуация

К3

К4

К5

Используемый словарный

Используются

грам-

запас соответствует по-

матические структуры

ставленной коммуника-

в соответствии с постав-

тивной задаче; практиче-

ленной коммуникатив-

ски нет нарушений в ис-

ной задачей. Практиче-

пользовании лексики.

ски отсутствуют ошибки

(допускается

1-2 не-

грубые ошибки).

Используемый словарный

Имеется ряд грамма-

Орфографические

запас соответствует по-

тических ошибок, не за-

ошибки практически

ставленной коммуника-

трудняющих понимания

отсутствуют.

Текст

тивной задаче, однако

текста (не более 4).

разделён на предложе-

встречаются отдельные

ния с правильным

неточности в употреб-

пунктуационным

лении слов

(2-3), либо

оформлением.

словарный запас ограни-

чен, но лексика исполь-

зована правильно.

Использован

неоправ-

Многочисленны ошибки

Имеется ряд орфо-

данно ограниченный сло-

элем нтарного уровня,

графических

или/и

варный запас;

часто

либо ошибки немного-

пунктуационных оши-

встречаются нарушения

численны, но затрудняют

бок, в том числе те, ко-

в использовании лексики,

понимание текста

(до-

торые незначительно

некоторые из них могут

пускается 6-7 ошибок в

затрудняют понимание

затруднять

понимание

3-4 разделах граммати-

текста (не более 4).

ки).

Крайне

ограниченный

Грамматические правила

Правила орфографии и

словарный запас не позво-

не соблюдаются, ошибки

пунктуации не соблю-

ляет выполнить постав-

затрудняют понимание

даются.

ленную задачу.

текста.

Примечание. Критерий «Орфография и пунктуация» в разделе «Письмо» оцени-

вается в 2 балла. При получении экзаменуемым 0 баллов по критерию «Решение

коммуникативной задачи» всё задание оценивается в 0 баллов.

Порядок определения процента текстуальных совпадений

в задании С2

При оценивании задания С2 особое внимание уделяется способности

экзаменуемого продуцировать развёрнутое письменное высказывание. Если

более 30% ответа имеет непродуктивный характер (т.е. текстуально совпада-

ет с опубликованным источником), то выставляется 0 баллов по критерию

«Решение коммуникативной задачи», и, соответственно, всё задание оцени-

вается в 0 баллов.

Текстуальным совпадением считается дословное совпадение отрезка

письменной речи длиной 10 слов и более.

Выявленные текстуальные совпадения суммируются, и при превыше-

нии ими 30% от общего числа слов в ответе, работа оценивается в 0 баллов.

Порядок подсчёта слов в заданиях раздела «Письмо»

При оценивании заданий раздела «Письмо» (С1-С2) следует учитывать

такой параметр, как объём письменного текста выраженный в количестве

слов. Требуемый объём для личного письма в задании С1 — 100-140 слов; для

развёрнутого письменного высказывания в задании С2 — 200-250 слов. Допу-

стимое отклонение от заданного объёма составляет 10%. Если в выполнен-

ном задании С1 менее 90 слов или в задании С2 менее 180 слов, то задание

проверке не подлежит и оценивается в 0 баллов. При превышении объёма

более чем на 10%, т.е., если в выполненном задании С1 более 154 слов или

в задании С2 более 275 слов, проверке подлежит только та часть работы, ко-

торая соответствует требуемому объёму. Таким образом, при проверке зада-

ния С1 отсчитывается от начала работы 140 слов, задания С2 — 250 слов, и

оценивается только эта часть работы.

При определении соответствия объёма представленной работы выше-

указанным требованиям считаются все слова, с первого слова по последнее,

включая вспомогательные глаголы, предлоги, артикли, частицы. В личном

письме адрес, дата, подпись также подлежат подсчету. При этом:

− стяжённые (краткие) формы can’t, didn’t, isn’t, I’m и т. п. считаются как

одно слово;

− числительные, выраженные цифрами, т. е. 1, 25, 2009, 126 204 и т. п.,

считаются как одно слово;

− числительные, выраженные цифрами, вместе с условным обозначением

процентов, т. е. 25%, 100% и т. п., считаются как одно слово;

− числительные, выраженные словами, считаются как слова;

− сложные слова, такие как good-looking, well-bred, English-speaking,

twenty-five, считаются как одно слово;

− сокращения, например USA, e-mail, TV, CD-rom, считаются как одно

слово.

Критерии оценивания выполнения

апробационных заданий устной части

Задание 1 (Чтение текста вслух) — максимум 1 балл

Фонетическая

Речь воспринимается легко: необос-

Речь воспринимается с трудом

сторона речи

нованные паузы отсутствуют; фразо-

из-за большого количества не-

вое ударение и интонационные кон-

естественных пауз, запинок, не-

туры, произношение слов без нару-

верной расстановки ударений и

шений нормы: допускается не более

ошибок в произношении слов,

5 фонетических ошибок, в т. ч. 1-2

ИЛИ сделано более

5 фоне-

ошибки, искажающие смысл.

тических ошибок, ИЛИ сделано 3

и более фонетических ошибок,

искажающих смысл.

Задание 2 (максимум — 5 баллов) Оценивается отдельно каждый из пяти

задаваемых вопросов.

Вопросы 1-5

Вопрос по содержанию отвечает

Вопрос не задан, или заданный

поставленной задаче; имеет пра-

вопрос по содержанию не отвеча-

вильную грамматическую форму

ет поставленной задаче И/ИЛИ не

прямого вопроса; возможные фо-

имеет правильной грамматиче-

нетические и лексические погреш-

ской формы прямого вопроса

ности не затрудняют восприятия

И/ИЛИ фонетические и лексиче-

ские ошибки препятствуют ком-

муникации

Задания 3-4 (описание фото и сравнение двух фото) — 7 баллов за одно

задание (максимум 14 баллов)

Баллы

Решение коммуника-

Организация высказы-

Языковое оформление

тивной задачи

вания

высказывания

(содержание)*

Коммуникативная задача

выполнена полностью:

содержание полно, точно

и развёрнуто отражает

все аспекты, указанные в

задании (12-15 фраз)

Коммуникативная задача

Высказывание логично и

Используемый словар-

выполнена

частично:

носит завершённый ха-

ный запас, граммати-

один аспект не раскрыт

рактер; имеются вступи-

ческие структуры, фоне-

(остальные

раскрыты

тельная

и заключи-

тическое оформление вы-

полно) ИЛИ один-два

тельная

фразы,

со-

сказывания соответству-

раскрыты неполно (9-11

ответствующие

теме.

ют поставленной задаче

фраз)

Средства логической свя-

(допускается не более

зи используются пра-

двух негрубых лексико-

вильно

грамматических ошибок

И/ИЛИ не более двух не-

грубых

фонетических

ошибок)

Коммуникативная задача

Высказывание в основ-

Используемый словар-

выполнена не полностью:

ном логично и имеет до-

ный запас, грамма-

два аспекта не раскрыты

статочно завершённый

тические структуры, фо-

(остальные

раскрыты

характер, НО отсутствует

нетическое оформление

полно), ИЛИ все аспекты

вступительная

И/ИЛИ

высказывания в основ-

раскрыты неполно

(6-8

заключительная фраза,

ном соответствуют по-

фраз)

И/ИЛИ средства логиче-

ставленной задаче

(до-

ской связи используются

пускается не более четы-

недостаточно

рёх

лексико-грамма-

тических ошибок (из них

не более двух грубых)

И/ИЛИ не более четырёх

фонетических ошибок

(из них не более двух

грубых)

Коммуникативная задача

Высказывание нелогично

Понимание высказыва-

выполнена менее чем на

И/ИЛИ не имеет завер-

ния затруднено из-за

50%: три и более аспек

шённого

характера;

многочисленных лекси-

тов содержания не рас-

вступительная и заклю-

ко-грамматических и фо-

крыты (5 и менее фраз)

чительная фразы отсутст-

нетических ошибок (пять

вуют; средства логичес-

более

лексико-

кой связи практически не

грамматических ошибок

используются

И/ИЛИ пять и более фо-

нетических

ошибок)

ИЛИ более двух грубых

ошибок

Примечание. При получении экзаменуемым 0 баллов по критерию «Решение

коммуникативной задачи» всё задание оценивается в 0 баллов.

Единый государственный экзамен

1 / 8

Единый государственный экзамен

по АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ

Раздел 1. Аудирование

Инструкция по выполнению работы

Вы услышите

6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между

высказываниями каждого говорящего A-F и утверждениями, данными

Экзаменационная работа по английскому языку состоит из четырёх

в списке

1-7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное

разделов (аудирование, чтение, грамматика и лексика, письмо), включающих

соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее

в себя 40 заданий.

утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы

На выполнение экзаменационной работы отводится 3 часа (180 минут).

в таблицу.

Ответы к заданиям 3-9, 12-18 и 32-38 записываются по приведённому

1. The book gave me inspiration to find a talisman.

ниже образцу в виде одной цифры, которая соответствует номеру

правильного ответа. Эту цифру запишите в поле ответа в тексте работы,

2. If a charm helps you, you must be thankful in return.

а затем перенесите в бланк ответов № 1.

3. Even if you don’t believe in charms, respect others’ faith.

4. The business of selling charms is evil.

Ответ:

Бланк

КИМ

5. Having a talisman is a private secret matter.

Ответы к заданиям 1, 2, 10, 11 записываются по приведённому ниже

6. Talismans can work just for certain situations.

образцу в виде последовательности цифр. Эту последовательность цифр

7. People who are not hardworking enough rely on charms.

запишите в поле ответа в тексте работы, а затем перенесите в бланк

ответов № 1.

Говорящий

Утверждение

Бланк

КИМ

Ответ:

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А-G

соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют

Ответы к заданиям

19-31 записываются по приведённому ниже

(2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя

образцу в виде слова (нескольких слов). Ответ запишите в поле ответа

дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated).

в тексте работы, а затем перенесите в бланк ответов № 1.

Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы

Бланк

КИМ

услышите запись дважды.

Ответ: HASSURVIVED.

Раздел 4 («Письмо») состоит из 2 заданий (39 и 40) и представляет

A. Toni informs Bill on what marks she has just given.

собой небольшую письменную работу

(написание личного письма

B. Bill thinks reports are easier to write than narrative texts.

и письменного высказывания с элементами рассуждения). В бланке ответов

C. Bill has never had enough imagination to write narrative texts.

№ 2 укажите номер задания и запишите ответ к нему.

D. Some students make mistakes not paying attention to the exam questions.

Все бланки ЕГЭ заполняются яркими чёрными чернилами.

E. Toni thinks some students don’t write a plan for their report.

Допускается использование гелевой, капиллярной или перьевой ручек.

F. Toni’s students normally check each other’s reports.

При выполнении заданий можно пользоваться черновиком. Записи

G. It’s not a good idea to include your spelling mistakes to your checklists.

в черновике не учитываются при оценивании работы.

Баллы, полученные Вами за выполненные задания, суммируются.

Утверждение

Постарайтесь выполнить как можно больше заданий и набрать наибольшее

Соответствие диалогу

количество баллов.

Желаем успеха!

Копирование не допускается

Единый государственный экзамен

2 / 8

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3-9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2

The building housing the Audium once housed …

или

3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту

ответа.

Вы

услышите запись дважды.

1) an office for National Endowment for the Arts.

2) a bakery.

The presenter introduces Stan Sheff as a …

3) a coffee shop.

1) sound artist.

2) theatre designer.

Ответ:

3) talented musician.

What does Stan say about the Audium’s program?

Ответ:

1) It needs a change.

2) It’s almost ten years old.

Which of the following is TRUE about Stan’s latest performance?

3) It’s a completely live performance.

1) The room was decorated in dark colours.

2) The audience consisted of close friends.

Ответ:

3) It is based on a long term project.

Stan says that while performing he …

Ответ:

1) pays attention to who is in audience.

2) misses his mother-in-law.

What did Stan and his partner try to achieve with their experiments?

3) wishes to be dispassionate.

1) The creation of new types of speakers.

2) The effect of producing sound images.

Ответ:

3) The proper application of old-fashioned objects.

По окончании выполнения заданий 1-9 не

забудьте

перенести

свои

Ответ:

ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1! Запишите ответ справа от номера

соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе

ответов в заданиях 1 и 2 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых

Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Stan as an outcome

the

и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной

experiments?

клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.

1) New types of DVDs.

2) New design of concert halls.

3) New methods of music recording.

Ответ:

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3 / 8

Раздел 2. Чтение

E. Pets are living creatures that have habits and personalities. They can surprise

you. Dogs, cats, and birds are probably most known for having distinct

Установите соответствие между текстами A-G и заголовками

1-8.

personalities. However, one snake owner says that her snake had his own

Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один

unique personality. He got excited when she came into the room, and she

раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

would often put him in the bathtub where he would do all sorts of funny tricks

Different pets, different

5. Friends in need

while splashing around.

characters

Having fun together

6. Pets can teach

F. No matter what type of pet you get, it will require you to take care of it. Being

responsible for another living being can help you be more responsible in the

A long-term treatment

7. A global problem and its solution

rest of your life too. This is especially true for kids who are learning the value

Reading dog stories

8. Where to get a pet

of good habits. However, adults can benefit from the consistent responsibility

as well. Responsible pet owners are kind to pets and remember they are their

It has become clear that stress affects our mental and physical health and,

pets’ world.

sadly, our world has become more stressful than ever. We live in the

environment that can easily wear us out. Luckily, there are certain methods to

G. With millions of cats and dogs killed in shelters in the United States every

reduce stress and have control. One of the best is to own a pet. Pets require

year, adopting a pet instead of buying one saves at least one animal’s life.

attention and dedication, but those are small prices to pay for the amount of

Adoption saves not only the animal you adopt, but also the new animal the

benefits they bring into our lives.

shelter can take in. Adopting from a shelter helps both ends of the problem:

fewer animals will be bred, and more animals can go to a good home.

Pets provide support because they are always available to listen (without any

judgment) or rub up against your hand, which can help you relax after a hectic

day. They can help you see the situation differently and let out some steam.

Moreover, when you are feeling under the weather, there is nothing like a

Ответ:

sweet pair of eyes that immediately get your mind off thoughts that are making

you sad and depressed.

Companionship with a loving pet is a real source of entertainment. Pets are

constantly giving off love and gratitude, and they are happy to be in your

presence. You can be yourself around pets. You can dance silly or talk silly,

and they will not criticize you. In fact, they will love the silliness and get silly

themselves. Cats and dogs are fantastic companions to sit down and watch TV

at night.

Studies have shown that communicating with a pet boosts the immune system,

improves heart health, reduces physical pain, and improves mental health as

well. One man with tuberculosis says that the cat he received after his

diagnosis kept him going for 21 years with little pain and very few physical

issues. He talked to his cat which helped him walk through his troubles. That

proves the power of true love that animals have.

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4 / 8

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания

12-18. В каждом задании

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A-F частями предложений,

запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному

обозначенными цифрами

1-7. Одна из частей в списке

1-7 лишняя.

Вами варианту ответа.

Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений,

в таблицу.

The lure of the screen

Archaeology done underwater

I used to tell my parents that the first cell phone I will allow my own

children to have will be a flip phone, incapable of Internet access and certainly

Nautical archaeology is the science of finding, collecting, preserving, and

without the ability to use “apps.” I argued that their first phones would have only

studying human objects that have become lost or buried under water. It is a fairly

the capabilities of my first phone — texting and calling — used primarily to contact

modern field of study since it depends on having the technology to be able to

their parents, and once in a while classmates to ask about homework. Isn’t it

remain underwater for some time to do real work. Whether it is conducted in

primarily what we think kids need phones for?

freshwater or in the sea, A_______________________, nautical archaeology is

It took me a while to realize how impractical this was because if the first

another way of learning more about the human past.

piece of a given technology that I possessed had been the same as my parents’, I

Although some use the words nautical archaeology to mean a specialized

would have been walking around with a cassette player in a world of iPods

branch of underwater archaeology, B_______________________, most consider

(incidentally, I loved my Sony Walkman CD player).

the term to mean the same as the words underwater archaeology or marine

So maybe it was a little ridiculous for me to suggest this, but I think my

archaeology.

All

these

interchangeable

terms mean simply

point was (and is) valid. I look at young kids today and see that they’re as attached

C_______________________.

to mobile devices as their adult counterparts. It has come to the point where kids

Once real trade began, it is safe to say D_______________________ was

would rather sit inside and play games on their parents’ (or their own) iPads than

probably transported over water at some point in time. By studying submerged

go outside and play hide-and-seek, or catch, well, do anything.

objects, we can learn more about past human cultures. In fact, studying ancient

And while I recall my parents telling me to drop the Legos or even the

artifacts is the only way to learn anything about human societies

PlayStation controller and head outside, I, unlike these children, often actually did

E_______________________. Being able to examine the actual objects made and

it, and when I didn’t, at least I was capable of breaking away to utter a response.

used by ancient people not only adds to the written records they left behind, but

Today, however, youngsters are becoming so attached to technology at such

allows us to get much closer to the reality of what life was like when they lived.

a young age, as young as 3 or 4, that they are forgetting — if they ever learned in

Also, if we pay close attention to how the objects were made and used, we begin to

the first place — how to have fun without an iPad — literally.

get a more realistic picture of F_______________________.

In April, The Telegraph quoted North Ireland teacher Colin Kinney, who

1. that existed long before the invention of writing

said his colleagues, “have concerns over the increasing numbers of young pupils

2. that nearly every object made by humans

who can swipe a screen but have little or no manipulative skills to play with

building blocks or the like, or the pupils who cannot socialize with other pupils but

3. what those people were really like

whose parents talk proudly of their ability to use a tablet or smartphone.”

4. which is concerned only with ships and the history of seafaring

Kinney goes on to say that the “brilliant computer skills” these children

5. that it is the study of archaeology done underwater

possess is

“outweighed by their deteriorating skills in pen and paper exams

6. and whether it finds sunken ships or old cities

because they rely on instant support of the computer and are often unable to apply

7. and what was discovered underwater

what they should have learned from their textbooks.”

It is true that we are moving into a world in which the ability to understand

Ответ:

the language of computer coding is more important than the ability to read and

write cursive. This, however, is not an excuse for the extent to which young

children have become as addicted (or more so) to their mobile devices as their

parents.

LeapFrog, the popular children’s brand is set to unveil a product called the

Leap Band; the first wearable tech catered specifically toward children. And

although the wristwatch-like product is designed to get kids up and moving, it

raises a question for me: How young is too young?

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5 / 8

I read that Google is considering allowing online accounts for children under

Teacher Kinney is worried about children’s …

the age of 13 (though giving their parents control over how the service is used).

Because of this cross-generational addiction, this week has been designated

1) writing skills.

as “Screen Free Week” in schools around the country. The week is aimed at getting

2) communicative skills.

every member of the family away from computer and device use for just one week

3) computer skills.

and head outside.

4) parents’ attitudes.

For parents, technology is now a dilemma: Give it to their kids at a young

age so they are in line with their classmates in terms of computer prowess or

Ответ:

withhold it and allow them the gift of social skills … only time will tell, but I fear

the former is gaining ground.

“This” in paragraph 8 (This, however, is not an excuse …) refers to …

What kind of a phone does the author want her children to have first?

1) importance of computers.

1) An old-type phone.

2) literacy skills.

2) A modern phone.

3) computer language.

3) Something like her “old” phone.

4) addiction to technology.

4) Something like her parents’ phone.

Ответ:

What does the author imply by asking “How young is too young”?

Which of the following statements reflects the author’s views?

1) Leap Band products suit any child.

1) Parents shouldn’t allow their children to play games on iPads.

2) Wristwatch-like products are for older children.

2) Children are more attached to technology than adults.

3) Technology may enter children’s life too early.

3) It’s hard to imagine the modern life without mobile devices.

4) Leap Band is inappropriate for young children.

4) Children now prefer their gadgets to outdoor games.

Ответ:

How, according to the author, will the parents solve the technological dilemma?

What does the author remember about her childhood?

1) In favour of the computer skills.

2) In favour of both the computer and communication skills.

1) She preferred to ignore her parents when she played.

3) They will try to refrain from making the decision.

2) She went for a walk outside whenever her parents told her.

4) In favour of communication skills.

3) She didn’t like to play outside.

4) She enjoyed PlayStation more than Lego.

Ответ:

По окончании выполнения заданий 10-18 не забудьте перенести свои

ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1! Запишите ответ справа от номера

соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе

ответов в заданиях 10 и 11 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых

и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной

клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.

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6 / 8

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных

Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика

заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами

26-31,

Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо,

однокоренные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически

слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных

соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными

номерами

19-25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали

словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы

содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый

26-31.

пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19-25.

St. Basil’s Cathedral

The Sydney Opera House

St. Basil’s Cathedral in Moscow was built between 1555 and

For many years there was no good opera house in Australia. In

1561. According to legends, Ivan the Terrible blinded its

1954, Jorn Utzon from Denmark

__________________ a

WIN

__________________ so that he could never build such a

BUILD

competition organized by the Australian government to build

magnificent structure again.

an opera house. The construction lasted for fourteen years until

However, these legends seem

__________________. Old

TRUE

1973.

documents say that the same Russian architect built another

Since then, the building __________________ the symbol of

BECOME

cathedral in Vladimir later.

Australia.

There is a deep contrast between the __________________

COLOUR

The best way to visit the Sydney Opera House is to see a show.

exterior of the church and its modest interior.

In sunny weather visitors can take a picnic basket and enjoy

People can see very few

__________________ and very

DECORATE

__________________ around the Botanic Gardens near the

WALK

narrow corridors inside.

Opera House.

Several times throughout its history, the cathedral suffered

My job in a restaurant

__________________ from fires and enemy attacks.

TERRIBLE

I was seventeen, when I __________________ a job in a local

GIVE

In one legend, Napoleon even wanted to take the church back

fast food restaurant.

to France with him. As he couldn’t do this, he ordered his army

Training was for three days. During the __________________

ONE

to destroy the church. The soldiers had already lit up the

two days I watched videos about my job. During the last day of

gunpowder, but a __________________ rain prevented the

MYSTERY

orientation, I had to be at the restaurant to see how things got

fire.

done.

began work on Saturday, which was the

__________________ day of the week.

BUSY

My present job __________________ with cooking. I work for

NOT CONNECT

a computer company. I like it, but I miss communicating with

people.

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7 / 8

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32-38. Эти

номера соответствуют заданиям

32-38, в которых представлены

1) talks

tells

says

speaks

возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4,

соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Ответ:

“The Polar Express”

“The Polar Express” is a fantastic book by Chris Van Allsburg. The author

1) feature

type

way

means

has

______ a terrific job at both writing and illustrating this book. He portrays

the boy’s enthusiasm at going to the North Pole: this journey is

______ a trip to

Ответ:

an amusement park. Chris Van Allsburg’s writing is full of magic and wonder; the

first person narration is realistic and heart-warming

______ the same time. The

boy

______ the readers what a wonderful place the North Pole is, he describes

in every detail the city’s lights and the factories that surround the city. The

1) looking

seeing

watching

observing

______ that the text is set up will make any child want to go to the North Pole.

Van Allsburg’s illustrations are colourful and appealing, especially of the images

Ответ:

of the North Pole with the beautiful picture of all the fairy tale characters gathering

at the centre of the city. Also, the different landscapes that the Polar Express passes

through are extremely beautiful.

1) please

attract

appeal

enjoy

“The Polar Express” is truly one of the greatest masterpieces in children’s

literature ever created. The readers will share the experience of

______ at the

Ответ:

North Pole from a child’s perspective. They will also

______ the wonderful

illustrations of the North Pole itself. I would recommend this book to boys and

girls aged five and up since there is nothing really inappropriate for small children.

По окончании выполнения заданий 19-38 не забудьте перенести

свои

ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1! Запишите ответ справа от номера

1) carried

2) acted

3) made

4) done

соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе

ответов в заданиях 19-31 буквы записываются без пробелов, запятых

и других дополнительных символов. Каждую букву или цифру пишите

Ответ:

в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке

образцами.

1) similar

2) same

3) like

4) alike

Ответ:

1) to

2) at

3) of

4) in

Ответ:

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Единый государственный экзамен

8 / 8

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Mary who

Раздел 4. Письмо

writes:

Для ответов на задания 39 и 40 используйте бланк ответов № 2. Черновые

пометки могут делаться прямо на листе с заданиями, или можно

… I know you went to a museum with your class last week. How far was it

использовать отдельный черновик. При выполнении заданий 39 и 40 особое

from your school and how did you get there? What kind of a museum was it?

внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по

Would you like to go there again, why?

записям, сделанным в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ № 2. Никакие записи черновика

We have two new classmates. They have just moved to our town …

не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также

Write a letter to Mary.

на необходимость соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты

In your letter

недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый

− answer her questions

объём, не оцениваются. Запишите сначала номер задания (39, 40), а затем

− ask 3 questions about her new classmates

ответ на него. Если одной стороны бланка недостаточно, Вы можете

Write 100-140 words.

использовать другую его сторону.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

Comment on the following statement.

Internet is the greatest time-waster.

What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?

Write 200-250 words.

Use the following plan:

— make an introduction (state the problem)

— express your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion

— express an opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasons for this opposing opinion

— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion

— make a conclusion restating your position

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Education

Listening

(1,3)

Прослушайте шесть высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

1. A diary in your mobile may be a good idea.

2. This way to remember things doesn’t go well with hygiene.

3. One should keep used diaries and daily planners.

4. This technique is not good for remembering things.

5. Good memory may be a question of genetics.

6. Writing things on pieces of paper is convenient.

7. Keeping a diary can help not to forget things.

1,9 Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

1. Some countries offer good career opportunities for beginning teachers.

2. Don’t hesitate to write to the employer if you need the job.

3. Teaching as a way to change your life.

4. Relatives are happy when you decide not to teach abroad.

5. Teaching abroad doesn’t seem nice to some people.

6. My relative is a role model for me in terms of working abroad.

7. My relative is a role model for me in terms of working abroad.

2,3 Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

1. Toni informs Bill on what marks she has just given.

2. Bill thinks reports are easier to write than narrative texts.

3. Bill has never had enough imagination to write narrative texts.

4. Some students make mistakes not paying attention to the exam questions.

5. Toni thinks some students don’t write a plan for their report.

6. Toni’s students normally check each other’s reports.

7. It’s not a good idea to include your spelling mistakes to your checklists.

A	B	C	D	E	F	G

2,4 Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

1. Students in Claire’s class have been using diaries for 2 years.

2. Claire is satisfied with the way Peter’s worked with his diary.

3. Peter thinks diaries are useful if you have a bad memory.

4. Making comments in the diary helps Peter learn better.

5. Peter thinks that writing a diary is easy.

6. Peter wants Claire to mark his English mistakes in his diary

7. Claire thinks that Peter doesn’t like writing a diary

2,8 Прослушайте шесть высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

1. Tom and Alice used to go to the same school a few years ago.

2. Tom has no homework at school.

3. Alice thinks the Arabic language is rather fashionable.

4. Tom’s been studying French at his father’s request.

5. Alice is wondering what leisure activities Tom has.

6. Tom is planning to start writing poetry.

7. Tom takes a train to visit his parents on holidays.

3,5 Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными
в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы
в таблицу.

1. There are pluses and minuses about any school.

2. I was able to learn a lot while studying at school.

3. I wish I had more to remember about school.

4. You can be the school’s pride without high grades.

5. School has much to offer besides lessons.

6. School can’t offer anything to remember it by.

7. Now I regret not doing well enough at school.

4,5 Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными
в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

1. With a uniform it is easier to get ready for school in the morning.

2. The discussion about school uniforms has a long his

3. There are too many disadvantages about a school uniform.

4. School uniforms are a way to save your family’s money.

5. The importance of the uniform may be realized after leaving school.

6. You can always find a way to look innovative.

7. University students never get worried about uniforms.

4,7 Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными
в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

1. Getting used to uniforms is good for a future career.

2. A uniform makes the school a better organized place.

3. Uniforms make students focus more on their learning.

4. Uniforms help improve the discipline at schools.

5. Uniforms will not make life at school better.

6. Uniforms can teach students how to behave professionally.

7. Uniforms can help prevent crimes at school.

5,3 Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

1. Jake succeeded in his school-leaving exams.

2. Jake has an elder brother.

3. Jake wants to teach the subject Miss Clark teaches.

4. Miss Clark is surprised with Jake’s career choice.

5. Jake doesn’t believe in the abilities of every student.

6. Miss Clark thinks Jake’s made the right choice.

7. Miss Clark isn’t happy to hear Jake’s words.

6,7Прослушайте аудиозапись. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А1–А7 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Укажите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.

Начало формы

Конец формы

Начало формы

Конец формы

1. Lucy wasn’t at school for several days.

2. Lucy felt bad because of overeating.

3. Lucy’s mother is a doctor.

4. Peter did exercises with the map at the blackboard.

5. Peter is not afraid of the test.

6. Peter offers his notes to Lucy.

7. Lucy and Peter are going to review for the test later.

6,9 Прослушайте диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А1–А7 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Укажите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа.

1. David hasn’t been to school for some time.

2. Paula knew David felt much better.

3. Doctors think David needs a month to recover.

4. David has to read 78 pages from the history book.

5. David thinks the essay task is very hard.

6. Paula will e-mail the article for the biology task to David.

7. Paula agreed to visit David the next day.

7,6 Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

As a child, Jack was …

1. very focused on his schoolwork.

2. unable to concentrate in class.

3. eager to learn from his teachers.

According to Jack, curiosity means studying the world and …

1. attractive objects.

2. unusual subjects.

3. people themselves.

Jack went to an underwater lab because he knew …

1. he had to study the ocean there.

2. it was his last chance to work at this lab.

3. he had never been to the bottom of the ocean before.

In 31 days Jack and his team were able to …

1. do several years of scientific studies in a short time.

2. count the number of white sharks.

3. save some endangered species of fish.

According to Jack, the most valuable underwater opportunity was his

1. engagement in animal behaviour studies.

2. ability to share his finding with the help of technology.

3. chance to test a small underwater lab.

In Jack’s opinion, the goal of any adventure is to …

1. acquire knowledge and experience.

2. test one’s limits.

3. share one’s knowledge with others.

Jack says, “Nothing is impossible” in relation to …

1. his biggest dream.

2. climate change.

3. the success of future generations.

Reading

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

Harry Potter course for university students
Students of Durham University are being given the chance to sign up to what is thought to be the UK’s first course focusing on the world of Harry Potter. Although every English-speaking person in the world knows about Harry Potter books and films, few have thought of using them as a guide to … modern life.
The Durham University module uses the works of JK Rowling A __________ modern society. “Harry Potter and the Age of Illusion” will be available for study next year. So far about 80 undergraduates have signed B __________ a BA degree in Education Studies. Future educationalists will analyse JK Rowling’s fanfiction from various points of view.
A university spokesman said: “This module places the Harry Potter novels in a wider social and cultural context.” He added that a number of themes would be explored, C __________ the classroom, bullying, friendship and solidarity and the ideals of and good citizenship.
The module was created by the head of the Department of Education at Durham University. He said the idea for the new module had appeared in response D __________ body: “It seeks to place the series in its wider social and cultural context and will explore some fundamental issues E __________. You just need to read the academic writing which started F __________ that Harry Potter is worthy of serious study.”

1.	up for the optional module, part of
2.	such as the moral universe of the school
3.	to examine prejudice, citizenship and bullying in
4.	including the world of rituals, prejudice and intolerance in
5.	to emerge four or five years ago to see
6.	such as the response of the writer
7.	to growing demand from the student

Установите соответствие междузаголовкамиA – F и текстами писем 1 – 5, опубликованных в журнале для изучающих английский язык. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний .

А . PROBLEMS WITH TEACHING METHODS

B. MAKING IT EASIER TO UNDERSTAND

C. STUDYING WITH OR WITHOUT A TEACHER

D. COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS

E. EXAMINATION RESULTS

F. ENGLISH PEOPLE’S MISTAKES

1. I’m a 24-year-old business student from Malaysia and I’ve been going to English classes at night school for the past 5 years. Up to now I’ve thought that I’m a good student. Last month I went to Britain. Nobody could understand me and I couldn’t understand them. What went wrong? My English teacher is very good and I always get the highest mark for my grammar test.

2. I’m writing to ask your opinion on my problem. My English teacher never corrects my mistakes when I’m speaking. Isn’t that her job? How am I going to learn to speak better? Also she’s always telling me that I should forget all the rules of grammar that I learnt when I was younger.

3. I am looking after two small English children. I love my job but the way that English people speak is a little surprising. For example, I often hear them say things like ‘more friendlier’, and I thought it should be ‘more friendly’. Many of them say ‘we was’ instead of ‘we were’. Can you explain this? Would it be impolite of me to correct them?

4. I have been studying English for three years. I’m quite good at reading and writing but listening is very difficult for me. My teacher suggested that I listen to the BBC World Service every day in order to understand English better. The problem is that it’s hard for me to understand every word. Do you have any ideas about how to make listening to the radio less difficult? I like to listen to news very much.

5. I have studied English for five years at school but for the past six months I have been using the Internet and books to learn. There are lots of materials to choose but I’m not sure what is best for me and how I should use them. I really would like to take some international examination but don’t know how to study without help. Should I take a course in my local school – which is a little expensive for me now – or is it possible to prepare for the exam on my own?

Установите соответствие между темами A–Н и текстами 1–7. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

B. From Agony to Love

C. Teaching to Learn

E. Things Worth Learning

G. What My Father Taught Me

H. The Power of Numbers

1. Education has the power to transform a person’s life. I am the living example of this. When I was on the streets, I thought I was not good at anything but I wrote a poem, and it got published. I went back to school to learn. I have learned the benefit of research and reading, of debate and listening. One day soon a group of fresh-faced college students will call me professor.

2. Language has the capacity to change the world and the way we live in it. People are often afraid to call things by their direct names, use taboos not to notice dangerous tendencies. Freedom begins with naming things. This has to happen in spite of political climates, careers being won or lost, and the fear of being criticized. After Helen Caldicott used the word ‘nuclear arms race’ an anti-nuclear movement appeared.

3. I never wanted to be a teacher. Yet years later, I find myself teaching high school English. I consider my job to be one of the most important aspects of my life, still I do not teach for the love of teaching. I am a teacher because I love to learn, and I have come to realize that the best way to learn is to teach.

4. One day my sister and I got one and the same homework. My sister finished the task in 2 minutes and went off to play. But I could not do it, so I went into my sister’s room and quickly copied her work. But there was one small problem: my father caught me. He didn’t punish me, but explained that cheating makes people feel helpless. And then I was left feeling guilty for cheating.

5. Lifelong learning does not mean spending all my time reading. It is equally important to get the habit of asking such questions as “what don’t I know about this topic, or subject?”, “what can I learn from this moment or person?”, and “what more do I need to learn?” regardless of where I am, who I am talking to, or what I am doing.

6. Math has always been something that I am good at. Mathematics attracts me because of its stability. It has logic; it is dependable and never changes. There might be some additions to the area of mathematics, but once mathematics is created, it is set in stone. We would not be able to check emails or play videogames without the computer solving complex algorithms.

7. When my high school English teacher asked us to read Shakespeare, I thought it was boring and too difficult. I agonized over the syntax – I had never read anything like this. But now I am a Shakespeare professor, and enjoy teaching Hamlet every semester. Each time I re-read the play, I find and learn something new for myself.

1	2	3	4	5	6	7

Прочитайте рассказ и выполните задания 1–7. В каждом задании обведите букву A, B, C или D, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.

A School Story

It happened at my private school thirty odd years ago, and I still can’t explain it. I came to that school in September and among the boys who arrived on the same day was one whom I took to. I will call him McLeod. The school was a large one: there must have been from 120 to 130 boys there as a rule, and so a considerable staff of masters was required. One term a new master made his appearance. His name was Sampson. He was a tall, well-built, pale, black-bearded man. I think we liked him. He had travelled a good deal, and had stories which amused us on our school walks, so that there was some competition among us to get a chance to listen to him.
Well, the first odd thing that happened was this. Sampson was doing Latin grammar with us. One of his favourite methods was to make us construct sentences out of our own heads to illustrate the rules he was trying to teach us. Now, on this occasion he ordered us each to make a sentence bringing in the verb memini, ‘I remember.’ Well, most of us made up some ordinary sentence such as ‘I remember my father,’ but the boy I mentioned — McLeod — was evidently thinking of something more interesting than that. Finally, very quickly he wrote a couple of lines on his paper, and showed it up with the rest. The phrase was «Remember the lake among the four oaks.» Later McLeod told me that it had just come into his head. When Sampson read it he got up and went to the mantel-piece and stopped quite a long time without saying anything looking really embarrassed. Then he wanted to know why McLeod had put it down, and where his family lived, and if there was such a lake there, and things like that.
There was one other incident of the same kind. We were told to make a conditional sentence, expressing a future consequence. We did it and showed up our bits of paper, and Sampson began looking through them. All at once he got up, made some odd sort of noise in his throat, and rushed out. I noticed that he hadn’t taken any of the papers with him, so we went to look at them on his desk. The top paper on the desk was written in red ink — which no one used — and it wasn’t in anyone’s handwriting who was in the class. I questioned everyone myself! Then I thought of counting the bits of paper: there were seventeen of them on the desk, and sixteen boys in the form. I put the extra paper in my bag and kept it. The phrase on it was simple and harmless enough: ‘If you don’t come to me, I’ll come to you.’ That same afternoon I took it out of my bag — I know for certain it was the same bit of paper, for I made a finger-mark on it — and there was no single piece of writing on it!
The next day Sampson was in school again, much as usual. That night the third and last incident in my story happened. We — McLeod and I — slept in a bedroom the windows of which looked out at the main building of the school. Sampson slept in the main building on the first floor. At an hour which I can’t remember exactly, but some time between one and two, I was woken up by somebody shaking me. I saw McLeod in the light of the moon which was looking right into our windows. ‘Come,’ he said, — ‘come, there’s someone getting in through Sampson’s window. About five minutes before I woke you, I found myself looking out of this window here, and there was a man sitting on Sampson’s window-sill, and looking in.’ ‘What sort of man? Is anyone from the senior class going to play a trick on him? Or was it a burglar?!’ McLeod seemed unwilling to answer. ‘I don’t know,’ he said, ‘but I can tell you one thing — he was as thin as a rail: and water was running down his hair and clothing and,’ he said, looking round and whispering as if he hardly liked to hear himself, ‘I’m not at all sure that he was alive.’ Naturally I came and looked, and naturally there was no one there.
And next day Mr. Sampson was gone: not to be found, and I believe no trace of him has ever come to light since. Neither McLeod nor I ever mentioned what we had seen to anyone. We seemed unable to speak about it. We both felt strange horror which neither could explain.

1. Why did schoolchildren like the new teacher, Mr. Sampson?

А) They liked his appearance.

B) He often went for a walk with them.

C) He organized competitions for them.

D) They enjoyed listening to his stories.

2. How did Mr. Sampson teach Latin grammar?

А) He told the pupils to learn the rules by heart.

B) He asked the pupils to make up example sentences.

C) He illustrated the rules with pictures.

D) He made up interesting sentences to illustrate the rules.

3. Why did McLeod write the phrase «Remember the lake among the four oaks?»

А) There was a place like that in his native town.

B) He wanted to show his knowledge of Latin grammar.

C) The phrase suddenly came to his mind.

D) He wanted to embarrass the teacher.

4. What did Mr. Sampson do after reading the examples of conditional sentences?

А) He left the classroom immediately.

B) He put the papers with the examples into his bag.

C) He asked who had written the example in red ink.

D) He gave marks to the pupils.

5. What was wrong with the paper written in red ink?

А) It didn’t illustrate the rule that was studied.

B) It had finger-marks on it.

C) It didn’t belong to anyone in the class.

D) It had many grammar mistakes.

6. Who did McLeod see on Mr. Sampson’s window-sill?

А) Nobody.

B) A stranger.

C) One of his schoolmates.

D) Mr. Sampson.

7. Why did the boys never tell anyone about the incident at night?

А) They were not asked about it.

B) Mr. Sampson asked them not to tell anyone.

C) They agreed to keep it secret.

D) They were afraid to speak about it.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом задании укажите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа.

Women and the maths problem

Women’s underachievement in maths may not be due to their poor self-image in the subject, a new report suggests. Researcher Dr. Gijsbert Stoet at the University of Leeds says that the so-called «stereotype threat» theory – which holds that women perform worse than men because they expect to do badly – «does not stand up to scrutiny».

Earlier research had serious flaws, he says, with improper use of statistical techniques and methodology. Clearly, those who carried out this research need to review their own competence in maths. Stoet believes the gender gap may simply be that men and women have different interests from an early age, and says the answer to getting more women into maths and engineering is probably a matter of motivation.

According to last year’s results, even though girls perform as well as boys in their maths GCSEs, 60% of A-levels in the subject are taken by boys, who achieve 60% of grade As.

I am an engineer, who has worked in the chemical industry for most of my working career. When I graduated in the 80, I assumed we were at the start of a new era for women in science: I studied alongside intelligent and motivated women, opportunities seemed aplenty, in-roads had been made.

But 20 years down the line, only 8.7% of British engineers are women, the lowest proportion in Europe, compared with 25% in Sweden. So what has happened?

One of the main problems is that careers in science, technology, engineering and maths (known as Stem) are not sufficiently promoted in schools, with fewer children taking up these subjects at GCSE and A-level. Year in, year out, we are told that Britain has a skills shortage. The general lack of interest among schoolchildren in maths and science subjects, together with the underlying social conditioning that still remains – that science subjects «aren’t really for girls» – has led to a double-whammy effect, reducing female entrants even further.

Over the past few years, I have been involved in Stemnet, an organization dedicated to promoting these careers by getting people who work in jobs from biologists to builders to talk to schoolchildren about what they do. It’s an attempt to debunk the myth that maths and sciences are too difficult or too boring. I was amazed to see hundreds of schoolboys and girls at a recent event at the Science Museum, presenting a range of experiments and projects they had prepared. And the ones prepares by girls were equally challenging and sophisticated.

I agree with the new study that rather than focusing on the problems of stereotyping, we should devote more time to encouraging girls into science and technology: they clearly respond.

But encouraging schoolgirls into university and careers is not all. As is typical in most sectors, I see a number of female engineers at the entry and mid-levels of companies, but precious few at the top. This is a huge waste of talent. It also raises the issue of certain professional inequality and a biased attitude towards women. The report has done well to challenge the myths behind women’s underachievement in schools, but more work still needs to be done to address the problem of women’s lack of achievement in the workplace. At least in the spheres closely related to science and engineering.

Начало формы

Dr. Gijbert Stoet claims that women do worse than men at maths because they …

	1)	are not encouraged to do the subject.
	2)	do not believe in their own competence.
	3)	use improper methods in problem-solving.
	4)	employ wrong stereotypical techniques.

Конец формы

Начало формы

Last year’s A-levels maths results show that …

	1)	more girls take the subject.
	2)	girls do better than boys.
	3)	boys get more A grades.
	4)	boys are more likely to fail.

Конец формы

Начало формы

Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to paragraphs 5 and 6?

	1)	The author has worked in engineering for over 20 years.
	2)	The prospects for women in science are best in Sweden.
	3)	The author’s expectations about women in science have not come true.
	4)	Britain has fewer women engineers than other European countries.

Конец формы

Начало формы

According to the author, social conditioning taking place in Britain implies that …

	1)	boys are smarter than girls.
	2)	science could be interesting.
	3)	science is for boys.
	4)	math is an optional skill.

Конец формы

Начало формы

“They” in “to talk to schoolchildren about what they do” (paragraph 7) may refer
to …

	1)	scientists.
	2)	schoolchildren.
	3)	careers.
	4)	experiments.

Конец формы

Начало формы

According to the final paragraphs, which of the factors discouraging girls from careers in science appears to be most important?

	1)	Lack of opportunities in career growth.
	2)	Academic underachievement.
	3)	Social stereotypes.
	4)	Lack of encouragement.

Конец формы

Начало формы

The author’s attitude to the problem may be called …

	1)	impartial.
	2)	biased.
	3)	negative.
	4)	interested.

The First Day at School

Do you remember your first day at school? It was probably 1 ____ confusing. Now, to 2 ____ this confusion, many primary schools in England have a special teacher who welcomes new pupils. She is 3 ____ a reception class teacher. The children are 4 ____ with the idea of school and if they have been good, they can’t understand why they have to go to school. They imagine that school isoptional. When the child goes to school on his first day and watches his mother leaving he thinks that she is deserting him. The teacher must 5 ____ him that at the end of the day his mother will be back and take him home. The children are not the only people that are disturbed by going to school. The teacher sometimes has as much difficulty in 6 ____ with the mothers. They hang around and dislike leaving the child without their protection.

The best way to 7 ____ with the situation is to get the child used to the idea of school. Before the beginning of term, the mother should take her child to see the teacher and to look 8 ____ the school. The first day should be something to emphasize the regularityof school.

1. А) enough; Б) rarely; В) rather; Г) equally

2. A) escape; Б) defeat; В) beat; Г) avoid

3. A) named; Б) called; В) said; Г) told

4. A) afraid; Б) threatened; В) endangered; Г) risked

5. A) convince; Б) prove; В) explain; Г) announce

6. A) managing; Б) guiding; В) coping; Г) handling

7. A) face; Б) deal; В) touch; Г) consider

8. A) through; Б) about; В) after; Г) round

What a story!

Daniel, aged 4, returned from Sunday school with a new amusing Christmas story about the Three Wise Men of the East. They _________BRING_________ gifts to the baby Jesus.
Daniel was so excited he just had to tell his parents, “I learned in Sunday School all about the very _________ONE_________ Christmas. There wasn’t a Santa Claus then, so these three wise men on camels had to deliver all the toys.
And Rudolph the Red-nosed Reindeer with his nose so bright ________NOT LEAD__________ the sleigh, so they had to follow the big star in the sky to find their way around”.

He was too clever

Some people want to show how clever they are and that may lead to trouble. Once a professor _________TRAVEL_________ by boat. On his way he asked the sailor: “Do you know biology, ecology, zoology, geography?”
The sailor said no to all his questions. The professor said: “What on Earth do you know? You _________DIE_________ of illiteracy.”
After a while, the boat started _________SINK_________ . The sailor asked the professor: “Do you know swiminology and escapology from sharkology?” The professor said no. The sailor said, “Well, sharkology and crocodilogy will eat your headology and bodyology and you will dielogy because of your mouthology.”

The purpose of education

A famous professor greeted the first year undergraduates at the beginning of the academic year. He _________TELL_________ them in his opening remarks:
“Nothing you learn here at the university will be of slightest use to you _________LATE_________, but one thing.
If you work hard, if you train your brain, you should be able to understand when a man ________TALK__________ nonsense. And that, in my view, is the main, if not the sole, purpose of education.”

Education for everyone

Thomas Jefferson made a considerable contribution to the development of education. He hoped that one day all young people on our planet ________HAVE__________ the right to education.
Today, his dream _________COME_________ true. At the global level, the United Nations recognises the right of everyone to education.
Although education is compulsory in most places, school attendance is optional, therefore some parents choose home-schooling for their _______CHILD___________.

Boston Public Library

Dating from 1852, Boston Public Library contributes much to Boston’s reputation as the “Athens of America”. The old building is notable for its magnificent facade and interior art. ___VISIT____ can pick up a free brochure. The brochure will be ___HELP___ to visitors. _____ALTERNATIVE___, free guided tours depart from the entrance hall at various times. This ___ORIGIN____ building, inspired by Italian Renaissance, can boast of enormous bronze doorways, iron gates and lanterns. From there a marble staircase leads the guests inside. Besides this _____AMAZE___ artistry, the library holds untold treasures in its special collections, including John Adams’ personal library. If you visit this place once, it will be ___POSSIBLE____ for you to forget it.

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Jack who writes:

… I’ve enrolled to a university in Denver. They have a good business school. What do you plan to do after school? By the way, what’s your graduation party going to be like? What are you going to wear? …

My younger sister has started taking swimming lessons …

Write a letter to Jack.

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Mary who writes:

… I hope everything is fine at school. What’s your regular school day this year like? What is your favourite school subject, and why? What afterschool clubs do you plan to join this year, if any at all?

I’ve got a new pet …

Write a letter to Mary.

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Dave who writes:

… Our PE teacher is super! He lets us play different ball games and sports during the lessons. Do you like your PE classes, and why? What sports and games can you play at school? What after-class activities are most popular in your school?

Last week my Dad organized a picnic for all our family …

Write a letter to Dave.

Task 4. Study the two photographs. In 1.5 minutes be ready to compare and contrast the photographs:

· give a brief description of the photos (action, location)

· say what the pictures have in common

· say in what way the pictures are different

· say which way of preparing for classes presented in the pictures you prefer

· explain why

You will speak for not more than 2 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously.

Task 4. Study the two photographs. In 1.5 minutes be ready to compare and contrast the photographs:

· give a brief description of the photos (action, location)

· say what the pictures have in common

· say in what way the pictures are different

· say which of the ways of reading a book presented in the pictures you’d prefer

· explain why

Education

Listening

(1,3)

1. A diary in your mobile may be a good idea.

2. This way to remember things doesn’t go well with hygiene.

3. One should keep used diaries and daily planners.

4. This technique is not good for remembering things.

5. Good memory may be a question of genetics.

6. Writing things on pieces of paper is convenient.

7. Keeping a diary can help not to forget things.

1. Some countries offer good career opportunities for beginning teachers.

2. Don’t hesitate to write to the employer if you need the job.

3. Teaching as a way to change your life.

4. Relatives are happy when you decide not to teach abroad.

5. Teaching abroad doesn’t seem nice to some people.

6. My relative is a role model for me in terms of working abroad.

7. My relative is a role model for me in terms of working abroad.

1. Toni informs Bill on what marks she has just given.

2. Bill thinks reports are easier to write than narrative texts.

3. Bill has never had enough imagination to write narrative texts.

4. Some students make mistakes not paying attention to the exam questions.

5. Toni thinks some students don’t write a plan for their report.

6. Toni’s students normally check each other’s reports.

7. It’s not a good idea to include your spelling mistakes to your checklists.

A	B	C	D	E	F	G

1. Students in Claire’s class have been using diaries for 2 years.

2. Claire is satisfied with the way Peter’s worked with his diary.

3. Peter thinks diaries are useful if you have a bad memory.

4. Making comments in the diary helps Peter learn better.

5. Peter thinks that writing a diary is easy.

6. Peter wants Claire to mark his English mistakes in his diary

7. Claire thinks that Peter doesn’t like writing a diary

1. Tom and Alice used to go to the same school a few years ago.

2. Tom has no homework at school.

3. Alice thinks the Arabic language is rather fashionable.

4. Tom’s been studying French at his father’s request.

5. Alice is wondering what leisure activities Tom has.

6. Tom is planning to start writing poetry.

7. Tom takes a train to visit his parents on holidays.

1. There are pluses and minuses about any school.

2. I was able to learn a lot while studying at school.

3. I wish I had more to remember about school.

4. You can be the school’s pride without high grades.

5. School has much to offer besides lessons.

6. School can’t offer anything to remember it by.

7. Now I regret not doing well enough at school.

1. With a uniform it is easier to get ready for school in the morning.

2. The discussion about school uniforms has a long his

3. There are too many disadvantages about a school uniform.

4. School uniforms are a way to save your family’s money.

5. The importance of the uniform may be realized after leaving school.

6. You can always find a way to look innovative.

7. University students never get worried about uniforms.

1. Getting used to uniforms is good for a future career.

2. A uniform makes the school a better organized place.

3. Uniforms make students focus more on their learning.

4. Uniforms help improve the discipline at schools.

5. Uniforms will not make life at school better.

6. Uniforms can teach students how to behave professionally.

7. Uniforms can help prevent crimes at school.

1. Jake succeeded in his school-leaving exams.

2. Jake has an elder brother.

3. Jake wants to teach the subject Miss Clark teaches.

4. Miss Clark is surprised with Jake’s career choice.

5. Jake doesn’t believe in the abilities of every student.

6. Miss Clark thinks Jake’s made the right choice.

7. Miss Clark isn’t happy to hear Jake’s words.

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Конец формы

Начало формы

Конец формы

1. Lucy wasn’t at school for several days.

2. Lucy felt bad because of overeating.

3. Lucy’s mother is a doctor.

4. Peter did exercises with the map at the blackboard.

5. Peter is not afraid of the test.

6. Peter offers his notes to Lucy.

7. Lucy and Peter are going to review for the test later.

6,9 Прослушайте диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых у

Источник

Task 1 Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

Fire Crews Hunt Escaped Hamster

Eight firefighters have been called in to help find an escaped hamster. Two crews used a chocolate-covered camera and a vacuum cleaner A ____ , called Fudgie, at the home of a six-year-old girl in Dunbar, Scotland.

The girl’s mother said: ‘We came down for breakfast and discovered Fudgie had opened the top lid of her cage and had made her way into the kitchen and we think she has gone В ____ .’

The fire crews spent five hours trying to recover the pet after it ran down a hole in the kitchen floor. But, the hamster still refused С ____ .

In the search for Fudgie, the firefighters took the family cooker and gas pipes apart. They also dropped a mini-camera coated with chocolate under the floorboards. They then hoped to take out the hamster using a vacuum cleaner. Despite all their efforts, they failed to find Fudgie.

In the end, the firefighters put another camera down the hole D ____ , connected to the screen of the family home computer, to see if Fudgie appeared. Besides, the girl and her parents regularly dropped food E ____ .

At last, after eight days the hamster returned to her cage safe and sound. She crawled from the hole in the kitchen floor early in the morning. It was the girl’s father who first found Fudgie F ____ .

The girl said that day it was like Christmas morning for her. Her parents added that they too felt extremely happy when Fudgie had finally returned.

through a small hole in the floor
through the hole for the hamster
and locked the runaway hamster
to come out of the hole
to look after the pet
to try and locate the missing hamster
and left it under the floorboards

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	1	4	7	2	3

Task 2

Speed of eating is ‘key to obesity’

If you eat very quickly, it may be enough to increase your risk of being overweight, research suggests.

Osaka University scientists looked at the eating habits of 3,000 people. Just about half of them told researchers that they A ______ . Compared with those who did not eat quickly, fast-eating men were 84% more likely to be overweight, and women were 100% more likely to В ______ .

Japanese scientists said that there were a number of reasons why eating fast С ______ . They said it could prevent the work of a signalling system which tells your brain to stop eating because your stomach is full. They said: ‘If you eat quickly you basically fill your stomach before the system has a chance to react, so you D _____ .

The researchers also explained that a mechanism that helps make us fat today, developed with evolution and helped people get more food in the periods when they were short of it. The scientists added that the habit of eating fast could be received from one’s parents genes or E ______ .

They said that, if possible, children should be taught to F ______ , and allowed to stop when they felt full up at mealtimes. ‘The advice of our grandmothers about chewing everything 20 times might be true — if you take a bit more time eating, it could have a positive influence on your weight.

just overfill your stomach
could be bad for your weight
have a habit of eating quickly
linked to obesity
eat as slowly as possible
put on weight
learned at a very early age

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	6	2	1	7	5

Task 3

Hi-Tech Brings Families Together

Technology is helping families stay in touch like never before, says a report carried out in the US.

Instead of driving people apart, mobile phones and the Internet are A ____ . The research looked at the differences in technology use between families with children and single adults. It found that traditional families have more hi-tech gadgets in their home В ____ . Several mobile phones were found in 89% of families and 66% had a high-speed Internet connection. The research also found that 58% of families have more С ____ .

Many people use their mobile phone to keep in touch and communicate with parents and children. Seventy percent of couples, D ____ , use it every day to chat or say hello. In addition, it was found that 42% of parents contact their children via their mobile every day.

The growing use of mobile phones, computers and the Internet means that families no longer gather round the TV to spend time together. 25% of those who took part in the report said they now spend less time E ____ . Only 58% of 18—29 year olds said they watched TV every day. Instead the research found that 52% of Internet users who live with their families go online F ____ several times a week and 51% of parents browse the web with their children.

Some analysts have worried that new technologies hurt families, but we see that technology allows for new kinds of connectedness built around cell phones and the Internet/ said the report.

than any other group
watching television
in the company of someone else
than two computers in the home
communicated with their families
helping them communicate
owning a mobile

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	1	4	7	2	3

Task 4

The Power of ‘Hello’

I work at a company where there are hundreds of employees. I know most of them and almost all of them know me. It is all based on one simple principle: I believe every single person deserves to be acknowledged, A ______ .

When I was about 10 years old, I was walking down the street with my mother. She stopped to speak to Mr. Lee. I knew I could see Mr. Lee any time around the neighborhood, В ______ .

After we passed Mr. Lee, my mother said something that has stuck with me from that day until now. She said, ‘You let that be the last time you ever walk by somebody and not open up your mouth to speak, because even a dog can wag its tail С______ . That phrase sounds simple, but it has been a guidepost for me and the foundation of who I am. I started to see that when I spoke to someone, they spoke back. And that felt good. It is not just something I believe in — D ______ . I believe that every person deserves to feel someone acknowledges their presence, no matter how unimportant they may be.

At work, I always used to say ‘hello’ to the founder of the company and ask him how our business was doing. But I was also speaking to the people in the cafe, and asked how their children were doing. I remembered after a few years of passing by the founder, I had the courage to ask him for a meeting. We had a great talk.

At a certain point, I asked him E ______ . He said, ‘If you want to, you can get all the way to this seat.’ I have become vice president, but that has not changed the way I approach people. I speak to everyone I see, no matter where I am. I have learned that speaking to people creates a pathway into their world, F ______ .

it has become a way of life.
when it passes you on the street.
when you see him and talk to him.
and it lets them come into mine, too.
so I did not pay any attention to him.
however small or simple the greeting is.
how far he thought I could go in his company.

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	5	2	1	7	4

Task 5

Friendship and Love

A strong friendship takes a significant amount of time to develop. It will not just magically mature overnight. A friendship involves committing oneself to help another person A ______ . I believe that, nothing can replace a true friend, not material objects, or money, and definitely not a boy.

I met this guy a couple summers ago who I ended up spending almost all of my free time with. His parents did not approve of our dating because of our age difference, В ______ . He had told me the day we met that he had joined the air force and would leave for overseas that coming October. After three months had past, the time came when he had to leave. This left me feeling completely alone.

I turned to my friends for support, but to my surprise, С ______ . I had spent so much time with this guy and so little time with them, that they did not feel sorry for me when he left. For so long they had become the only constant in my life, and I had taken them for granted over something D ______ .

When my boyfriend came back, our relationship changed. I tried to fix all the aspects in my life that had gone so wrong in the previous six months.

This experience taught me that true friendships will only survive if one puts forth effort to make them last. Keeping friends close will guarantee that E ______ . When a relationship falls apart, a friend will always do everything in their power to make everything less painful. As for me, I try to keep my friends as close as I can. I know they will always support me in whatever I do, and to them, I F ______ .

but we did anyway.
whenever a need arises.
they did not really care.
whenever they need your help.
could not guarantee would even last.
am eternally grateful for a second chance.
someone will always have a shoulder to cry on.

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	1	3	5	7	6

Task 6

Mobile phones

On New Year’s Day, 1985, Michael Harrison phoned his father, Sir Ernest, to wish him a happy new year. Sir Ernest was chairman of Racal Electronics, the owner of Vodafone, A ______ .

At the time, mobile phones weighed almost a kilogram, cost several thousand pounds and provided only 20 minutes talktime. The networks themselves were small; Vodafone had just a dozen masts covering London. Nobody had any idea of the huge potential of wireless communication and the dramatic impact В ______ .

Hardly anyone believed there would come a day when mobile phones were so popular С ______ .But in 1999 one mobile phone was sold in the UK every four seconds, and by 2004 there were more mobile phones in the UK than people. The boom was a result of increased competition which pushed prices lower and created innovations in the way that mobiles were sold.

When the government introduced more competition, companies started cutting prices to attract more customers. Cellnet, for example, changed its prices, D ______ . It also introduced local call tariffs.

The way that handsets themselves were marketed was also changing and it was Finland’s Nokia who made E ______ . In the late 1990s Nokia realized that the mobile phone was a fashion item: so it offered interchangeable covers which allowed you to customize and personalize your handset.

The mobile phone industry has spent the later part of the past decade reducing its monthly charge F ______ , which has culminated in the fight between the iPhone and a succession of touch screen rivals.

trying to persuade people to do more with their phones than just call and text
that there would be more phones in the UK than there are people
and relying instead on actual call charges
that mobile phones would have over the next quarter century
the leap from phones as technology to phones as fashion items
and his son was making the first-ever mobile phone call in the UK
the move to digital technology, connecting machines to wireless networks

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	4	2	1	5	3

Task 7

London Zoo

London Zoo is one of the most important zoos in the world. There are over 12,000 animals at London Zoo and A ______ ! Its main concern is to breed threatened animals in captivity. This means we might be able to restock the wild, should disaster ever befall the wild population.

Partula Snail, Red Crowned Crane, Arabian Oryx, Golden Lion Tamarin, Persian Leopard, Asiatic Lion and Sumatran Tiger are just some of the species London Zoo is helping to save.

That is why it is so important that we fight to preserve the habitats that these animals live in, as well as eliminate other dangers В ______ . But we aim to make your day at London Zoo a fun and memorable time, С ______ .

In the Ambika Paul Children’s Zoo, for instance, youngsters can learn a new love and appreciation for animals D ______ . They can also learn how to care for favourite pets in the Pet Care Centre.

Then there are numerous special Highlight events E ______ unforgettable pony rides to feeding times and spectacular animal displays. You will get to meet keepers and ask them what you are interested in about the animals they care for, F ______ .

Whatever you decide, you will have a great day. We have left no stone unturned to make sure you do!

such as hunting exotic animals and selling furs
as well as the ins and outs of being a keeper at London Zoo
which take place every day, from
because they see and touch them close up
despite the serious side to our work
which demand much time and effort
that is not counting every ant in the colony

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	1	5	4	3	2

Task 8

‘Second Stonehenge’ discovered near original

Archaeologists have discovered evidence of what they believe was a second Stonehenge located a little more than a mile away from the world-famous prehistoric monument.

The new find on the west bank of the river Avon has been called «Bluestonehenge», after the colour of the 25 Welsh stones of A______.

Excavations at the site have suggested there was once a stone circle 10 metres in diameter and surrounded by a henge — a ditch with an external bank, according to the project director, Professor Mike Parker Pearson, of the University of Sheffield.

The stones at the site were removed thousands of years ago but the sizes of the holes in B ______ indicate that this was a circle of bluestones, brought from the Preseli mountains of Wales, 150 miles away.

The standing stones marked the end of the avenue C _____, a 1¾-mile long processional route constructed at the end of the Stone Age. The outer henge around the stones was built about 2400BC but arrowheads found in the stone circle indicate the stones were put up as much as 500 years earlier.

Parker Pearson said his team was waiting for results of radiocarbon dating D _____ whether stones currently in the inner circle of Stonehenge were originally located at the other riverside construction.

Pearson said: «The big, big question is when these stones were erected and when they were removed — and when we get the dating evidence we can answer both those questions.»

He added: «We speculated in the past E ______ at the end of the avenue near the river. But we were completely unprepared to discover that there was an entire stone circle. Another team member, Professor Julian Thomas, said the discovery indicated F______was central to the religious lives of the people who built Stonehenge. «Old theories about Stonehenge that do not explain the evident significance of the river will have to be rethought,» he said. Dr Josh Pollard, project co-director from the University of Bristol, described the discovery as «incredible».

which could reveal
which they stood
which it was once made up
that this stretch of the river Avon
that there might have been something
that it should be considered as integral part
that leads from the river Avon to Stonehenge

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	2	7	1	5	4

Task 9

Australia

Australia was the last great landmass to be discovered by the Europeans. The continent they eventually discovered had already been inhabited for tens of thousands of years.

Australia is an island continent A _____ is the result of gradual changes wrought over millions of years.

B ____, Australia is one of the most stable land masses, and for about 100 million years has been free of the forces that have given rise to huge mountain ranges elsewhere.

From the east coast a narrow, fertile strip merges into the greatly eroded Great Dividing Range, C ____.

The mountains are merely reminders of the mighty range, D ____. Only in the section straddling the New South Wales border with Victoria and in Tasmania, are they high enough to have winter snow.

West of the range of the country becomes increasingly flat and dry. The endless flatness is broken only by salt lakes, occasional mysterious protuberances and some mountains E ____. In places the scant vegetation is sufficient to allow some grazing. However, much of the Australian outback is a barren land of harsh stone deserts and dry lakes.

The extreme north of Australia, the Top End, is a tropical area within the monsoon belt. F ____, it comes in more or less one short, sharp burst. This has prevented the Top End from becoming seriously productive area.

that once stood here
that is almost continent long
whose property is situated to the north of Tasmania
whose landscape — much of bleak and inhospitable
whose beauty reminds of the MacDonald Ranges
Although its annual rainfall looks adequate on paper
Although there is still seismic activity in the eastern highland area

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	7	2	1	5	6

Task 10

Scotland Yard

Scotland Yard is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police in London. To most people, its name immediately brings to mind the picture of a detective — cool, efficient, ready to track down any criminal, or a helmeted police constable — A____ and trusty helper of every traveller from overseas.

Scotland Yard is situated on the Thames Embankment close to the Houses of Parliament and the familiar clock tower of Big Ben, and its jurisdiction extends over 740 square miles with the exception of the ancient City of London, B____.

One of the most successful developments in Scotland Yard’s crime detection and emergency service has been the “999 system”. On receipt of a call the 999 Room operator ascertains by electronic device the position of the nearest available police car, C ____. Almost instantly a message is also sent by teleprinter to the police station concerned so that within seconds of a call for assistance being received, a police car is on its way to the scene. An old-established section of the Metropolitan police is the Mounted Branch, with its strength of about 200 horses stabled at strategic points. These horses are particularly suited to ceremonial occasions, D ____.

An interesting branch of Scotland Yard is the branch of Police Dogs, first used as an experiment in 1939. Now these dogs are an important part of the Force. One dog, for example, can search a warehouse in ten minutes, E ____.

There is also the River Police, or Thames Division, which deals with all crimes occurring within its river boundaries.

There are two other departments of Scotland Yard – the Witness Room (known as the Rogues’ Gallery) where a photographic record of known and suspected criminals is kept, and the Museum, F ____.

which is contacted by radio
that familiar figure of the London scene
for they are accustomed to military bands
which possesses its own separate police force
which contains murder relics and forgery exhibits
that this policeman will bring the criminal to justice
whereas the same search would take six men an hour

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	4	1	3	7	5

Task 11

Harry Potter course for university students

Students of Durham University are being given the chance to sign up to what is thought to be the UK’s first course focusing on the world of Harry Potter. Although every English-speaking person in the world knows about Harry Potter books and films, few have thought of using them as a guide to … modern life.

The Durham University module uses the works of JK Rowling A ______ modern society. “Harry Potter and the Age of Illusion” will be available for study next year. So far about 80 undergraduates have signed В ______ a BA degree in Education Studies. Future educationalists will analyse JK Rowling’s fanfiction from various points of view.

A university spokesman said: “This module places the Harry Potter novels in a wider social and cultural context.” He added that a number of themes would be explored, С ______ the classroom, bullying, friendship and solidarity and the ideals of and good citizenship.

The module was created by the head of the Department of Education at Durham University. He said the idea for the new module had appeared in response D ______ body: “It seeks to place the series in its wider social and cultural context and will explore some fundamental issues E ______ . You just need to read the academic writing which started F ______ that Harry Potter is worthy of serious study.”

up for the optional module, part of
to emerge four or five years ago to see
to examine prejudice, citizenship and bullying in
such as the response of the writer
including the world of rituals, prejudice and intolerance in
to growing demand from the student
such as the moral universe of the school

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	1	5	6	7	2

Task 12

Laughing and evolution

The first hoots of laughter from an ancient ancestor of humans could be heard at least 10 million years ago, according to the results of a new study. Researchers used recordings of apes and babies being tickled A ______ to the last common ancestor that humans shared with the modern great apes, which include chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans.

The finding challenges the opinion В ______ , suggesting instead that it emerged long before humans split from the evolutionary path that led to our primate cousins, between 10m and 16m years ago.

“In humans, laughing can be the strongest way of expressing how much we are enjoying ourselves, but it can also be used in other contexts, like making fun of someone,” said Marina Davila Ross, a psychologist at Portsmouth University. “I was interested in С ______ .”

Davila Ross travelled to seven zoos around Europe and visited a wildlife reserve in Sabah, Borneo, to record baby and juvenile apes D ______ . Great apes are known to make noises that are similar to laughter when they are excited and while they are playing with each other.

Davila Ross collected recordings of laughter from 21 chimps, gorillas, orangutans and bonobos and added recordings of three babies that were tickled to make them laugh.

To analyze the recordings, the team put them into a computer program. “Our evolutionary tree based on these acoustic recordings alone showed E ______ , but furthest from orangutans, with gorillas somewhere in the middle.” said Davila Ross. “What this shows is strong evidence to suggest F ______ .”

whether laughing emerged earlier on than humans did
to create the evolutionary tree linking humans and apes
that laughter is a uniquely human trait
that humans were closest to chimps and bonobos
that laughing comes from a common primate ancestor
while their caretakers tickled them
to trace the origin of laughter back

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	3	1	6	4	5

Task 13

Nenets culture affected by global warming

For 1,000 years the indigenous Nenets people have migrated along the 450-mile- long Yamal peninsula in northern Russia. In summer they wander northwards, taking their reindeer with them. In winter they return southwards.

But this remote region of north-west Siberia is now being affected by global warming. Traditionally the Nenets travel across the frozen River Ob in November A ___ around Nadym. These days, though, this annual winter migration is delayed. Last year the Nenets, together with many thousands of reindeer, had to wait until late December В ____ .

“Our reindeer were hungry. There wasn’t enough food,” Jakov Japtik, a Nenets reindeer herder, said. “The snow is melting sooner, quicker and faster than before. In spring it’s difficult for the reindeer to pull the sledges. They get tired,” Japtik said.

Herders say that the peninsula’s weather is increasingly unpredictable — with unseasonal snowstorms С ___, and milder longer autumns. In winter, temperatures used to go down to -50°C. Now they are normally around -30°C, according to Japtik. “Obviously we prefer -30°C. But the changes aren’t good for the reindeer D ___,” he said, setting off on his sledge to round up his reindeer herd.

Even here, in one of the most remote parts of the planet, E __ . Last year the Nenets arrived at a regular summer camping spot and discovered that half of their lake had disappeared. The water had drained away after a landslide. The Nenets report other curious changes — there are fewer mosquitoes and a strange increase in flies. Scientists say there is unmistakable evidence F ___ .

when the ice was finally thick enough to cross
that the impact on Russia would be disastrous
the environment is under pressure
and in the end what is good for the reindeer is good for us
and set up their camps in the southern forests
that Yamal’s ancient permafrost is melting
when the reindeer give birth in May

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	1	7	4	3	6

Task 14

Duration of life and its social implications

The world’s population is about to reach a landmark of huge social and economic importance, when the proportion of the global population over 65 outnumbers children under 5 for the first time. A new report by the US census bureau shows A____ , with enormous consequences for both rich and poor nations.

The rate of growth will shoot up in the next couple of years. The В ___ a combination of the high birth rates after the Second World War and more recent improvements in health that are bringing down death rates at older ages. Separate UN forecasts predict that the global population will be more than nine billion by 2050.

The US census bureau was the first to sound the С ___ . Its latest forecasts warn governments and international bodies that this change in population structure will bring widespread challenges at every level of human organization, starting with the structure of the family, which will be transformed as people live longer. This will in turn place new burdens on careers and social services providers, D ___ for health services and pensions systems.

“People are living longer and, in some parts of the world, healthier lives,” the authors conclude. “This represents one of the greatest achievements of the last century but also a significant challenge E ___ population.”

Ageing will put pressure on societies at all levels. One way of measuring that is to look at the older dependency ratio, F ___ that must be supported by them. The ODR is the number of people aged 65 and over for every 100 people aged 20 to 64. It varies widely, from just six in Kenya to 33 in Italy and Japan. The UK has an ODR of 26, and the US has 21.

which recently replaced Italy as the world’s oldest major country
alarm about these changes
a huge shift towards an ageing population
change is due to
while patterns of work and retirement will have huge implications
which shows the balance between working-age people and the older
as proportions of older people increase in most countries

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	4	2	5	7	6

Task 15

Elephants sense ‘danger’ clothes

St Andrews University researchers discovered that elephants could recognise the degree of danger posed by various groups of individuals. The study found that African elephants always reacted with fear A ______ previously worn by men of the Maasai tribe. They are known to demonstrate their courage by В ______ .

The elephants also responded aggressively to red clothing, which defines traditional Maasai dress.

However, the elephants showed a much milder reaction to clothing previously worn by the Kamba people, С ______ and pose little threat.

The researchers first presented elephants with clean, red clothing and with red clothing that had been worn for five days by D ______ .

They revealed that Maasai-smelt clothing motivated elephants to travel significantly faster in the first minute after they moved away.

They then investigated whether elephants could also use the colour of clothing as a cue to classify a potential threat and found the elephants reacted with aggression E ______ . This suggested that they associated the colour red with the Maasai.

The researchers believe the distinction in the elephants’ emotional reaction to smell and colour might be explained by F ______ . They might be able to distinguish among different human groups according to the level of risk they posed.

«We regard this experiment as just a start to investigating precisely how elephants ‘see the world’, and it may be that their abilities will turn out to equal or exceed those of our closer relatives, the monkeys and apes,» researchers added.

either a Maasai or a Kamba man
who do not hunt elephants
when they detected the smell of clothes
who carried out the research
the amount of risk they sense
spearing elephants
when they spotted red but not white cloth

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	6	2	1	7	5

Task 16

Culture and customs

In less than twenty years, the mobile telephone has gone from being rare, expensive equipment of the business elite to a pervasive, low-cost personal item. In many countries, mobile telephones A ___ ; in the U.S., 50 per cent of children have mobile telephones. In many young adults’ households it has supplanted the land-line telephone. The mobile phone is В ___ , such as North Korea.

Paul Levinson in his 2004 book Cellphone argues that by looking back through history we can find many precursors to the idea of people simultaneously walking and talking on a mobile phone. Mobile phones are the next extension in portable media, that now can be С ___ into one device. Levinson highlights that as the only mammal to use only two out of our four limbs to walk, we are left two hands free D ___ — like talking on a mobile phone.

Levinson writes that “Intelligence and inventiveness, applied to our need to communicate regardless of where we may be, led logically and eventually to telephones that we E ___ .”

Given the high levels of societal mobile telephone service penetration, it is a key means for people F ___ . The SMS feature spawned the «texting» sub-culture. In December 1993, the first person-to-person SMS text message was transmitted in Finland. Currently, texting is the most widely-used data service; 1.8 billion users generated $80 billion of revenue in 2006.

to perform other actions
outnumber traditional telephones
to communicate with each other
combined with the Internet
to serve basic needs
banned in some countries
carry in our pockets

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	6	4	1	7	5

Task 17

My Stage

My family moved to Rockaway, New Jersey in the summer of 1978. It was there that my dreams of stardom began.

I was nine years old. Heather Lambrix lived next door, and she and I became best friends. I thought she was so lucky A ___ . She took tap and jazz and got to wear cool costumes with bright sequences and makeup and perform on stage. I went to all of her recitals and В ___ .

My living room and sometimes the garage were my stage. I belonged to a cast of four, which consisted of Heather, my two younger sisters, Lisa and Faith, and I. Since I was the oldest and the bossiest, I was the director. Heather came with her own costumes С ___ . We choreographed most of our dance numbers as we went along. Poor Faith … we would throw her around D ___ . She was only about four or five … and so agile. We danced around in our bathing suits to audiocassettes and records from all the Broadway musicals. We’d put a small piece of plywood on the living room carpet, E ___ . And I would imitate her in my sneakers on the linoleum in the hall. I was a dancer in the making.

My dad eventually converted a part of our basement into a small theater. He hung two “spotlights” and a sheet for a curtain. We performed dance numbers to tunes like “One” and “The Music and the Mirror” from A Chorus Line. I sang all the songs from Annie. I loved to sing, F ___. I just loved to sing. So I belted out songs like “Tomorrow”, “Maybe” and “What I Did For Love.” I knew then, this is what I wanted to do with my life.

like she was a rag doll
whether I was good at it or not
wished I, too, could be on stage
and I designed the rest
and I was star struck
so Heather could do her tap routine
because she got to go to dance lessons

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	3	4	1	6	2

Task 18

Cat’s punctuality

Sergeant Podge, a Norwegian Forest Cat, disappears from his owner’s home in a small town in Kent, every night. But what baffles his owner, Liz Bullard, mostly is the fact that the next morning, the 12-year-old cat always pops up in exactly the same place, A ___ . And every morning Ms. Bullard takes her son to school before collecting Sergeant Podge.

She said that the routine had set in earlier this year, when Sergeant Podge disappeared one day. Ms. Bullard spent hours telephoning her neighbours В ___ .

An elderly woman living about one and a half miles away called back to inform Ms. Bullard that she had found a cat matching Sergeant Podge’s description. Ms. Bullard picked him up but within days he vanished from sight again. She rang the elderly woman С ___ .

She said a routine has now become established, where each morning she takes her son to school before driving to collect Sergeant Podge D ___ .

It is thought Sergeant Podge walks across a golf course every night to reach his destination.

Ms. Bullard said: “If it’s raining he may be in the bush but he comes running if I clap my hands.” All she has to do is open the car passenger door from the inside for Sergeant Podge to jump in.

Ms. Bullard also makes the trip at weekends and during school holidays — E ___ .

She does not know why, after 12 years, Sergeant Podge has begun the routine but explained that another woman who lived nearby used to feed him sardines, and that he may be F ___ .

His owner doesn’t mind his wandering off at night as long as she knows where to collect him.

on the look-out for more treats
from the pavement between 0800 and 0815 GMT
to discover Sergeant Podge was back outside her home
on a pavement about one and a half miles (2.4km) away
to identify if anyone had bumped into him
when her son is having a lie-in
collected by car every morning

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	5	3	2	6	1

Task 19

Do you speak English?

When I arrived in England I thought I knew English. After I’d been here an hour I realized that I did not understand one word. In the first week I picked up a tolerable working knowledge of the language and the next seven years convinced me gradually but thoroughly that I A ______ , let alone perfectly. This is sad. My only consolation being that nobody speaks English perfectly.

Remember that those five hundred words an average Englishman uses are B ______ . You may learn another five hundred and another five thousand and yet another fifty thousand and still you may come across a further fifty thousand C ______ .

If you live here long enough you will find out to your greatest amazement that the adjective nice is not the only adjective the language possesses, in spite of the fact that D ______ . You can say that the weather is nice, a restaurant is nice, Mr. Soandso is nice, Mrs. Soandso’s clothes are nice, you had a nice time, E ______ .

Then you have to decide on your accent. The easiest way to give the impression of having a good accent or no foreign accent at all is to hold an unlit pipe in your mouth, to mutter between your teeth and finish all your sentences with the question: “isn’t it?” People will not understand much, but they are accustomed to that and they will get a F ______ .

whatever it costs
most excellent impression
you have never heard of before, and nobody else either
in the first three years you do not need to learn or use any other adjectives
would never know it really well
far from being the whole vocabulary of the language
and all this

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	6	3	4	7	2

Task 20

Before the Hubble Space Telescope was launched, scientists thought they knew the universe. They were wrong.

The Hubble Space Telescope has changed many scientists’ view of the universe. The telescope is named after American astronomer Edwin Hubble, A ______ .

He established that many galaxies exist and developed the first system for their classifications.

In many ways, Hubble is like any other telescope. It simply gathers light. It is roughly the size of a large school bus. What makes Hubble special is not what it is, B ______ .

Hubble was launched in 1990 from the “Discovery” space shuttle and it is about 350 miles above our planet, C ______ .

It is far from the glare of city lights, it doesn’t have to look through the air, D ______ .

And what a view it is! Hubble is so powerful it could spot a fly on the moon. Yet in an average orbit, it uses the same amount of energy as 28100-watt light bulbs. Hubble pictures require no film. The telescope takes digital images E ______ .

Hubble has snapped photos of storms on Saturn and exploding stars. Hubble doesn’t just focus on our solar system. It also peers into our galaxy and beyond. Many Hubble photos show the stars that make up the Milky Way galaxy. A galaxy is a city of stars.

Hubble cannot take pictures of the sun or other very bright objects, because doing so could “fry” the telescope’s instruments, but it can detect infrared and ultra violet light F ______ .

Some of the sights of our solar system that Hubble has glimpsed may even change the number of planets in it.

which is above Earth’s atmosphere.
which are transmitted to scientists on Earth.
which is invisible to the human eye.
who calculated the speed at which galaxies move.
so it has a clear view of space.
because many stars are in clouds of gas.
but where it is.

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	7	1	5	2	3

Task 21

The science of sound, or acoustics, as it is often called, has been made over radically within a comparatively short space of time. Not so long ago the lectures on sound in colleges and high schools dealt chiefly with the vibrations of such things as the air columns in organ pipes. Nowadays, however, thanks chiefly to a number of electronic instruments engineers can study sounds as effectively A ____ . The result has been a new approach to research in sound. Scientists have been able to make far-reaching discoveries in many fields of acoustics B _____ .

Foremost among the instruments that have revolutionized the study of acoustics are electronic sound-level meters also known as sound meters and sound-intensity meters. These are effective devices that first convert sound waves into weak electric signals, then amplify the signals through electronic means C ______ . The intensity of a sound is measured in units called decibels. “Zero” sound is the faintest sound D ______ . The decibel measures the ratio of the intensity of a given sound to the standard “zero” sound. The decibel scale ranges from 0 to 130. An intensity of 130 decibels is perceived not only as a sound, but also E ______ . The normal range of painlessly audible sounds for the average human ear is about 120 decibels. For forms of life other than ourselves, the range can be quite different.

The ordinary sound meter measures the intensity of a given sound, rather than its actual loudness. Under most conditions, however, it is a quite good indicator of loudness. Probably the loudest known noise ever heard by human ears was that of the explosive eruption in August, 1883, of the volcano of Krakatoa in the East Indies. No electronic sound meters, of course, were in existence then, but physicists estimate that the sound at its source must have had an intensity of 190 decibels, F ______ .

and finally measure them.
since it was heard 3,000 miles away.
and they have been able to put many of these discoveries to practical use.
that loud sound is of high intensity.
as they study mechanical forces.
as a painful sensation in the ear.
that the unaided human ear can detect.

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	3	1	7	6	2

Task 22

Chocolate

Chocolate is made from a number of raw and processed foods produced from the seeds of tropical cacao trees. Cacao has been cultivated in A ______ at least 3000 years. For most of this time it was made into a drink called, in translation — “bitter water”. This is because В ______ to be fermented to develop a palatable flavour. After fermentation the beans are dried and roasted and the shell is removed to produce cacao nibs. These are then ground and liquefied into chocolate liquor. The liquor is then processed into cocoa solids or cocoa butter. Pure chocolate contains primarily cocoa solids and butter in different proportions. Much of С ______ with added sugar. Milk chocolate is sweetened chocolate that additionally contains either milk powder or condensed milk. White chocolate on the other D ______ is therefore not a true chocolate. Chocolate contains theobromine and phenethylamine which have physiological effects on the body. It is similar to serotonin levels in the brain. Scientists claim E ______ , can lower blood pressure. Recently, dark chocolate has also been promoted for its health benefits. But pet owners should remember that the presence of theobromine makes it toxic to cats and dogs. Chocolate is now one F______ , although 16 of the top 20 chocolate consuming countries are in Europe. Also interesting is that 66% of world chocolate is consumed between meals.

the chocolate consumed today is made
that chocolate, eaten in moderation
central and southern America for
of the world’s most popular flavours
hand contains no cocoa solids and
cacao seeds are intensely bitter and have
many countries worldwide at

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	6	1	5	2	4

Task 23

Reality TV

Reality TV seems to dominate broadcasting these days. But what is it, how did it emerge and why on earth is it so popular? The first question is easily answered. Reality TV A ______ presents unscripted, dramatic or humorous situations or events. It can involve celebrities В ______ of the public. Reality TV has been gradually growing in importance for over 60 years. “Candid Camera” — the show that filmed ordinary people reacting to set ups and pranks — started in 1948. Some people, however, believe it was the Japanese with their awful shows in the 1980s and 90s that brought reality TV to centre stage. Others believe С ______ that is called “Big Brother” was the show that spawned the reality TV age. But why are the shows so popular? Different theories come to life. Some believe that it is D ______ we like to watch horrible behaviour: the same instinct that once inspired the ancient Romans to go and watch gladiators destroy each other at the Coliseum. Others suggest a kind of voyeurism is involved there — an unhealthy curiosity to spy on other people’s lives.

Whatever the real reason — the trend seems to have already peaked. A lot of such shows E ______ or are expected to go in the near future. And the replacement seems to be talents shows — watching competitions in dance, singing and general entertainment. Does it mean that people are changing? It is too early to say. Most agree that these F ______ .

due to basic human instinct that
is still early to judge
are simply the cycles of fashion
but more usually the stars are members
that the television phenomenon
is a type of programme that
seem to have disappeared

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	4	5	1	7	3

Task 24

Mikhail Lomonosov and Moscow State University

Mikhail Lomonosov was one of the intellectual titans of XVIII century. His interests ranged from history, rhetoric, art and poetry A ______ . Alexander Pushkin described him as В ______ , whose lifelong passion was learning.

Lomonosov’s activity is a manifestation of the enormous potential of the Russian scientific community. Peter I reformed Russia, which allowed the country to reach the standard of С ______ many spheres. Great importance was placed on education. St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, founded by Peter I, established a university and a grammar school to educate intellectuals and researchers the country needed; however, these educational establishments could not fulfill the task they took on. It was Michail Lomonosov D ______ of establishing a university in Moscow. An influential courtier and the E ______ Count Shuvalov supported Lomonosov’s plans for a new university and presented them to the Empress.

In 1755, on 25 January-St. Tatiana’s Day according to the Russian Orthodox Church calendar — Elizaveta signed the decree that a university should be founded in Moscow. The opening ceremony took place on 26 April, when Elizaveta’s coronation day was celebrated. Since 1755 25 January and 26 April F ______ Moscow University; the annual conference where students present the results of their research work is traditionally held in April.

who suggested in his letter to Count Shuvalov the idea
to mechanics, chemistry and mineralogy
a person of formidable willpower and keen scientific mind
favourite of Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, the patron of arts and science
the contemporary European powers in
are marked by special events and festivities at
famous among all educated people

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	3	5	1	4	6

Task 25

Window Shopping

The day would be spent with my best friends Kath and Kate. We are actually three Catherines (by birth spelt with a C), A______ we are all K’s: Kat (that’s me), Kath and Kate — the 3K Window Shopping gang!

Window shopping is simply wonderful. You can look at any outfit. You can try on В ______ not a single item on sale for which the price is a problem. You will try something on, ponder, pout, twirl, think hard, check yourself in the mirror one last time and finally reflect С ______ right for you! The highlight of this regular adventure however, is generally the 3K chocolate and ice cream break in the Shopping Centre’s top floor cafii Of course we do not believe that we are wasting anyone’s time. We do D ______ as well, but a reliable equation for us is — 3Ks + shopping mall = a good time.

But E ______ out to be especially memorable. One of the stores had a questionnaire lottery with the first prize being a voucher worth £200. We filled in the question forms while in the cafiiand returned to the store by their 2.00pm deadline. Kate won the first prize but we had decided in advance that if any of us won something, we would share equally: All for one К and one for all! At this point our morning of window shopping paid off. We completed F ______ slightly less than 10 minutes: three skirts, three hats and three belts and three very OK, K’s.

not like to spend our time
that it’s probably not quite
that particular day turned
our real shopping in
sometimes go shopping for real
anything you want and there is
but when we are together

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	6	2	5	3	4

Task 26

The Hotel

“Have you stayed with us before sir?” asked the receptionist. His accent sounded middle-European; Czech possibly or Polish. Actually I hadn’t stayed at this particular hotel before A ______ to many others from the same chain that I had stayed at. “No — first time” I replied with unnecessary brevity. The thing is I always feel В ______ rather than treated as an individual. Every word that I was about to hear, I had heard before — delivered no doubt from the depths of a tourism and hospitality course. “Welcome to Newcastle sir. Is this your first visit to our city? Can I trouble you to complete this form? Actually the first two lines and the signature at the bottom will do. Would you like С ______ , Sir? This will automatically unlock room facilities like mini-bar and telephone and any other extras you may require. Can I see your passport sir?” The questions and information D ______ responses were actually required and I handed over my passport, credit card and partly filled out form. I was tempted to write under name and address “Donald Duck, Duck Towers, Disney Street” — E ______ ever read the form again. But being a creature of habit I wrote my real name and address. While my card was being processed I looked across the reception area through the wall height windows to the beautiful River Tyne. A wave of nostalgia came over me. It was good to be back. I found myself thinking about her again and wondering F ______ a voice broke in: “It’s a plastic key card sir. You also need it to activate the lift and when you get to your room, plug it into the switch on the left as you open the door. It will automatically supply electricity to the room. Any help with your baggage? No? Then enjoy your stay”. The accomplished young Pole smiled as he delivered the final command and duly processed, I proceeded to the card activated lift.

me to take a print of your credit card
points poured out smoothly, no verbal
if I would even see her when
although it seemed virtually identical
so sure was I that nobody would
me to help you with your luggage
as if I am being processed like a product

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	7	1	2	5	3

Task 27

Lindsay Wildlife Museum

Lindsay Wildlife Museum is a unique natural history and environmental education centre where visitors can listen to the cry of a red-tailed hawk, go eye-to-eye with a grey fox and watch a bald eagle eat lunch. More than fifty species of native California animals are on exhibit here.

Thousands of school children learn about the natural environment in their classrooms A ____ of the museum. Nature- and science- oriented classes and trips are offered for adults and children. More than 600 volunteers help to feed and care for wild animals, В _____. Volunteers are active in the museum’s work, contributing С ____.

The museum was founded by a local businessman, Alexander Lindsay. Sandy, as friends knew him, started teaching neighborhood children about nature in the early 1950s. Initially housed in an elementary school, the museum began offering school-aged children summer classes, D ____.

After nearly a decade of the museum operation, it became apparent E ____. With a new 5,000 square-foot home, the museum could now develop and display a permanent collection of live, native wildlife and natural history objects. People came to the museum for help with wild animals F ___ urban growth. In response, a formal wildlife rehabilitation programme — the first of its kind in the United States of America — began in 1970.

that a permanent, year-round site was necessary
as well as field trips focused on the natural world
many hours of service to wildlife care and fundraising
that had been injured or orphaned because of intense
that needed public attention and a new building
as well as teach children and adults about nature
through education programmes and on-site tours

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	6	3	2	1	4

Task 28

America’s fun place on America’s main street

If any city were considered a part of every citizen in the United States, it would be Washington, DC. To many, the Old Post Office Pavilion serves A ____. If you are in the area, be a part of it all by visiting us — or В ____. Doing so will keep you aware of the latest musical events, great happenings and international dining, to say the least.

Originally built in 1899, the Old Post Office Pavilion embodied the modern spirit С ____. Today, our architecture and spirit of innovation continues to evolve and thrive. And, thanks to forward-thinking people, you can now stroll through the Old Post Office Pavilion and experience both D ____ with international food, eclectic shopping and musical events. All designed to entertain lunch, mid-day and after work audiences all week long.

A highlight of the Old Post Office Pavilion is its 315-foot Clock Tower. Offering a breath-taking view of the city, National Park Service Rangers give free Clock Tower tours every day! Individuals and large tour groups are all welcome. The Old Post Office Clock Tower also proudly houses the official United States Bells of Congress, a gift from England E ____. The Washington Ringing Society sounds the Bells of Congress every Thursday evening and on special occasions.

Visit the Old Post Office Pavilion, right on Pennsylvania Avenue between the White House and the Capitol. It is a great opportunity F ____, this is a landmark not to be missed no matter your age.

that are offered to the visitors
its glamorous past and fun-filled present
as a landmark reminder of wonderful experiences
by joining our e-community
that was sweeping the country
celebrating the end of the Revolutionary War
to learn more about American history

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	4	5	2	6	7

Task 29

Number of teenagers with Saturday job drops

The number of teenagers with Saturday jobs has dropped. Young people do not acquire any experience for their CVs — a crucial step towards getting full-time work. The proportion of teenagers combining part-time jobs with school or college has slumped from 40% in the 1990s to around 20% now, according to the UK Commission for Employment and Skills (UKCES), a government agency. Latest figures show that only A ____ in 1997.

The trend is not just recession-related, but the result of an increasing expectation В ____ well as a falling number of Saturday jobs, according to the report. Many of the jobs that young people do, such as bar work, are in long-term decline, and are forecast to decline further over the next decade.

«Recruiters place significant emphasis on experience С ____,» the report says. Word of mouth is the most common way to get a job, D _____ young people are unable to build up informal contacts, it adds.

Ms. Todd, a commissioner at the UKCES, said: «There’s more emphasis on doing well at school, young people are finding less time to do what they would have done a few years ago.» «I think it’s also the changing structure of the labour market. Retail is still a big employer, E ____. As a consequence, we need to think about how we get young people the work experience they need.»

A new initiative to send employees into state schools to talk about their careers was also launched recently. The scheme, Inspiring the Future, is meant to give state schoolchildren access to the kind of careers advice that private schools offer. The deputy prime minister said: «The power of making connections F ____ and can be life-changing.»

that it was researching the system of funding education after 16
260,000 teenagers have a Saturday job compared with 435,000
but young people are leaving education increasingly less experienced
that inspire young people is immeasurable
but an increasing shortage of work experience means
that young people should stay on at school, as
but a lot more of it is being done online

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	6	3	5	7	4

Task 30

Lots of fun in Cardiff

As you would expect of a capital city, Cardiff offers a huge choice of exciting sport and entertainment throughout the year.

Every March the city celebrates St. David, Wales’ patron saint, with parades and music. August sees the International Festival of Street Entertainment, with the heart of the city A ____. Family fun days in the parks and at the waterfront are part of this sensational summer scene. Brass and military bands are often to be seen on Cardiff s streets. Between May and October the world’s only seagoing paddle steamer cruises from Cardiff’s seaside resort.

In autumn the fun continues with Cardiff s Festival of the Arts В _____. Music is at the centre of the festival, with international stars С ____. Christmas in Cardiff is full of colour and festivities. The truly spectacular Christmas illuminations have earned Cardiff the title of «Christmas City». And there is entertainment for all the family, D ____.

There is always something happening in Cardiff. The BBC National Orchestra of Wales and Welsh National Opera can both be heard here. Cardiff previews many London «West End» shows E _____.

The city’s range of accommodation facilities is truly impressive, F ____. And with a city as compact as Cardiff there are places to stay in all price brackets.

from international names to family-run guest houses
joining some of Wales’ most talented musicians
having their summer holidays in Cardiff
that usually attract hundreds of theatre lovers
which features music, film, literature and graphics
from pantomimes to Christmas tree celebrations
beating with dance and theatrical performances

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	5	2	6	4	1

Task 31

Changing image

For more than 200 years Madame Tussaud’s has been attracting tourists from all over the world and it remains just as popular as it ever was. There are many reasons for this enduring success, but at the heart of it all is good, old-fashioned curiosity.

Madame Tussaud’s original concept has entered a brand new era of interactive entertainment A _____. Today’s visitors are sent on a breathtaking journey in black cabs through hundreds of years of the past. They have a unique chance to see the great legends of history, В _____ of politics.

Much of the figure construction technique follows the traditional pattern, beginning whenever possible with the subject С _____ and personal characteristics. The surprising likeliness of the wax portraits also owes much to many stars D _____, either by providing their stage clothes, or simply giving useful advice.

The museum continues constantly to add figures E ____ popularity. The attraction also continues to expand globally with established international branches in New York, Hong Kong, Amsterdam and many other cities. And they all have the same rich mix of interaction, authenticity and local appeal.

The museum provides a stimulating and educational environment for schoolchildren. Its specialists are working together with practicing teachers and educational advisors to create different programmes of activities, F ____.

as well as resources on art, technology and drama
as well as the idols of popular music and the icons
who is sitting to determine exact measurements
ranging from special effects to fully animated figures
ranging from all kinds of souvenirs to sports equipment
that reflect contemporary public opinion and celebrity
who are eager to help in any possible way they can

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	2	3	7	6	1

Task 32

Saturday jobs: memories of weekend working

Research has shown a sharp fall in the number of teenagers who do Saturday jobs. It seems such a shame — my Saturday job as a kitchen porter was something of a rite of passage. I’ll never forget long hours A _____, scouring grease off huge saucepans and griddles. Working atmosphere there helped me grow a thicker skin, develop quicker banter and, most importantly, taught me the value of hard work. It also resulted in a steady supply of cash, В ____. I’m not the only one who has strong memories of weekend work. DJ Trevor Nelson said everyone should be able to have a Saturday job: «It taught me a lot, С ____.»

The link between the type of Saturday job a celebrity performed and their later career is sometimes obvious. Dragon’s Den star and businessman Peter Jones, for example, showed early promise by starting his own business. «I passed my Lawn Tennis Association coaching exam, D ____,» he explains. «At the start I was coaching other kids, E ____, for which I could charge £25-30 an hour. While my friends on milk rounds were getting £35 a week, I was doing five hours on a Saturday and earning four times as much.»

Skier Chemmy Alcott got a job working for the Good Ski Guide, on the advertising side. «It became clear to me what my personal value to companies could be. It led directly to me finding my head sponsor … and it offered me an eight-year contract. That gave me the financial backing F ____.»

As part of its response to the Saturday job statistics, the UK Commission for Employment and Skills said a lack of early work opportunities makes it harder for young people to acquire experience for their СVs.

and things would be different if everyone was given the chance
which let me know he approved of me
and I persuaded my local club to let me use a court on Saturdays
which I needed to become a professional skier
which I would happily spend as I liked
that I spent in the kitchen of a busy country pub in East Sussex
but soon I got adults wanting to book lessons

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	5	1	3	7	4

Task 33

Orient Express

In the early 1860s, trains were the preferred way to travel. They weren’t particularly comfortable, however, until American engineer George Mortimer Pullman decided to make trains more luxurious.

By the late 1860s, trains furnished not only sleeping cars, but kitchen and dining facilities, where A _____. This was innovative for the time, and was aimed to encourage people В _____. The first of these Pullman trains in England ran from London to Brighton and used electricity for illumination.

In 1881, another railway entrepreneur, George Nagelmacker, introduced the use of a restaurant car onboard, and the first Orient Express train service was begun. Running from Paris to Romania the route included Strasbourg, Vienna, Budapest and Bucharest.

Thanks to the 12 mile Simplon Tunnel, С _____, the Orient Express expanded, including a route to Istanbul, and the legendary romance of the Orient Express was in full swing.

Everyone in the social register, including royalty, chose to travel on the wheels of that luxury hotel D _____ in wealthy surroundings. Legends, stories, and intrigue surrounded those trips to exotic places, and those famous people E _____.

Unfortunately, during World War II this luxury travel was closed for the most part, and later, after the war, F ____ to start it again. Within the next few years airplane travel became popular, and train passenger service declined.

elegant meals were served to passengers
to use trains for long distance travel and vacations
who rode the train
who wrote about it
which connected Switzerland and Italy
that served dishes and wines
there was no money

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
1	2	5	6	3	7

Task 34

Arizona’s world class cruise

Spectacular Canyon Lake is situated in the heart of the Superstition Mountains in Arizona, giving home to the Dolly Steamboat. The Dolly Steamboat, A ____, now cruises the secluded inner waterways of this beautiful lake. It is worth exploring this favourite destination of President Theodore Roosevelt who declared, «The Apache Trail and surrounding area combines the grandeur of the Alps, the glory of the Rockies, the magnificence of the Grand Canyon and then adds something В ____.» You will marvel as you travel up to the national forest, which provides the most inspiring and beautiful panorama С ____. Every trip brings new discoveries of rock formations, geological history, and the flora and fauna distinct to the deserts of Arizona.

Once aboard the Dolly Steamboat, you may view the majestic desert big horn sheep, bald eagles and a host bird of other wildlife, water fowl, D ____. Experience the unique sound harmony that is created by the waters of Canyon Lake. Stretch out and relax at one of the tables or stand next to the railings on the deck. There is plenty of leg room on the Dolly. You will get a unique chance to listen to the captain E ____.

All the passengers are treated with outstanding service and personal attention to every need. Feel free to ask questions, move about and mingle with the crew. So enjoy an unforgettable vacation cruise and see F ____ ,like a ride on Arizona’s Dolly Steamboat.

that nature has ever created in the wild
that none of the others have
hovering over the magnificent lake
who retells the legends of the mysterious past
for yourself why there is nothing quite
who pays much attention to children’s safety
continuing a tradition of cruising since 1925

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	2	1	3	4	5

Task 35

US Congress

The Congress of the United States of America is an important part of the US federal government.

It is an assembly of elected representatives A ____ but not to select the chief executive of the nation; that individual is elected by the people.

Congress is not a single organization; it is a vast and complex collection of organizations B ____ and through which members of Congress form alliances.

C ____, in which political parties are the only important kind of organization, parties are only one of many important units in Congress.

In fact other organizations have grown in number D ____.

The Democrats and Republicans in the House and the Senate are organized by party leaders, E ____ within the House and Senate. The party structure is essentially the same in the House as in the Senate, though the titles of various posts are different.

But leadership carries more power in the House than in the Senate because of the House rules. F _____, the House must restrict debate and schedule its business with great care; thus leaders who do the scheduling and who determine how the rules shall be applied usually have substantial influence.

as party influence has declined
against the spirit of the Constitution
being so large (435 members)
empowered to make laws
unlike the British Parliament
by which the business of Congress is carried on
who in turn are elected by the full party membership

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	6	5	1	7	3

Task 36

The Trailblazers

In the early 1800s, the area that would become the western United States was completely undeveloped.

Explorers, hunters, traders, and settlers had to blaze their own trails. A____ to move possessions and supplies became common place.

Manifest Destiny was the belief that Americans had a God-given right to take over the continent. As they moved west, settlers used this policy B_____ to new people and territories.

Trails increased trade opportunities between western and eastern regions, and the U.S. economy prospered C_____ on each other for goods.

To achieve Manifest Destiny, the United States purchased land from other countries or conquered territory D_____ until its borders stretched from coast to coast.

More than one-half million people chose to travel West on trails between 1800 and 1870, E_____.

As new technology spread across the West, however, the use of trails came to an end. The railroads built thousands of miles of tracks, and, F ____, a cheap, relatively safe, and quick way to transport people and supplies to western areas existed.

to spread U.S. ideas and government
for the first time in history
thus replacing them forever
as territories became interdependent
the use of covered wagons
by taking land from Native peoples
forming the largest mass migration in history

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	1	4	6	7	2

Task 37

A Young Mayor

This is a very unusual case, but as you will see, unusual doesn’t mean impossible.

An 18-year-old school girl has become the youngest mayor of a British town in history. Amanda Bracebridge, A_____, won leadership of Clun village council in a dramatic election last night. The tiny village only has 122 voters and Amanda won the election by just two votes from the only other candidate, 69-year-old Fred Gardner of the Conservative party. Amanda, B _____, was an independent candidate. She was surprised by her success, C _____. “My election promise was to make sure D _____,” she told us. She was referring to the plans from a large company to buy up farmland and build flats there. “We live in one of the most beautiful villages in Shropshire and I want to make sure it stays that way.”

Amanda, who is in her last year at nearby Bishop’s Castle High School, E _____ and her exams which she takes in two months. “It’s going to be a pretty busy few months,” she said. “But when the exams are over I will be able to concentrate completely on helping my village”.

Amanda had plans to go to university but is now going to start a year later F _____. “I’ve talked to Leeds University and they say my place will wait for me”. And what is she going to study? Politics? “No, actually, I am going to do sociology and economics”.

who is not a member of any political party
that our village would be protected from outside interests
but it was not a total shock to her
being a politics student at the university
so she can do her job as mayor properly
who is only just old enough to vote herself
will have to find time for her work as mayor

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	1	3	2	7	5

Task 38

Is there enough to say?

They only appeared about ten years ago but already they are everywhere, everyone’s got one. They are the wonder of the modern age — mobile phones, or cell phones, A ____. Apparently, mobile phones are now used by about 2.5 billion people worldwide, and about one billion new mobile phones are sold every year worldwide. Go back to 1997, and only 100 million were sold. As we can see, the mobile phone business B_____.

And the developments keep on coming. Once we could only make phone calls; now mobile phones C_____ and do many other useful things. Once we had to hold our mobile phones in our hand; now we can use throat microphones. What next? We are told that soon, tiny microphones will be implanted into our lips. We’ll be able to dial numbers just by saying them.

But surely we need to ask ourselves: What’s good about this? OK, we can talk to other people almost all the time now — but is that so great? Watch and listen to people when a plane has landed. Anxious D _____, dial a number, and then: “It’s me, I’m here. I’ll be there in twenty minutes.” Is this communication? Is this what all these years of technology have brought us to?

In the early days of communication there were letters. When they arrived at your house, you knew they had been delivered by a man E _____.

In those days, people would think very hard before they wrote a letter. You had to have a good reason to write — communication was serious. Now it’s not — people phone each other F ____. Once the phone was a way for people far away from each other to talk — now it’s just an excuse to talk.

has been developed very quickly
not understand why they are doing it for
as Americans call them
riding halfway across the country on a horse
just because they can
can also be used to take and send photos
fingers immediately switch on the mobile phone

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	1	6	7	4	5

Task 39

Promoting language learning

The European Union (EU) is committed to supporting the rights of its citizens to personal and professional mobility, and their ability to communicate with each other. It does so by A_____ to promote the teaching and learning of European languages. These programmes have at least one thing in common: they cover cross-border projects involving partners from two, and often three or more, EU countries.

The EU programmes are designed to complement the national education policies of member countries. Each government is responsible for its own national education policy, B_____. What the EU programmes do is to create links between countries and regions via joint projects, C____.

Since 2007 the main programmes have been put under the overall umbrella of the EU’s lifelong learning programme. All languages are eligible for support under this programme: official languages, regional, minority and migrant languages, D____. There are national information centres in each country, E_____.

The cultural programmes of the EU also promote linguistic and cultural diversity in a number of ways. The “Media” programme funds the dubbing and subtitling of European films for F ____. The “Culture” programme builds cross-cultural bridges by supporting the translation of modern authors into other EU languages.

and the languages of the EU’s major trading partners
which includes language teaching and learning
cinemas and television in other EU countries
which enhance the impact of language teaching and learning
funding a number of educational programmes
and encouraging people to learn new languages
where details about the application procedures are given

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	2	4	1	7	3

Task 40

Starting your own business

What are the reasons for starting your own business? One of them is because you believe you are the best in that line or because you have a product or service that has never been offered to the market before. Another is that you are a person in a real hurry and cannot suffer the A_____ to reach your goals. Sometimes it is because you have an inheritance B_____ soon after you set up a business or that there already is a cash purse with loose strings and you want to make the best of this bonanza.

If your reasons are any or all of the above, abandon the thought right now and save yourself the disillusionment C____ into the world of commerce.

Start your own business just for the sake of doing a trade, or for D____. Do not burden yourself with lofty notions of superiority when compared to your peers. When setting out to start your own business, be emotional about it, but not impractical; don’t be led by your heart, but be dictated by your mind.

Having covered those parts that are not taught in a business school, let us look at E____ your own business. You should start with a SWOT analysis – strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats – analyze these for yourself, for partners in your business, if any, and for the business itself.

If the result of the analysis is encouraging, then prepare a business plan. It is like a road map for actions in the near foreseeable future to achieve your business goals. Finally, execute the business plan with precision; tweak it as you go along, only so that it helps to meet the end goal of successfully F_____ the business.

the essentials of starting
that awaits when you step
trials and tribulations of employment
establishing and conducting
preparing a business plan
waiting to be acquired
undertaking the commercial activity

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	6	2	7	1	4

Task 41

Archaeology done underwater

Nautical archaeology is the science of finding, collecting, preserving, and studying human objects that have become lost or buried under water. It is a fairly modern field of study since it depends on having the technology to be able to remain underwater for some time to do real work. Whether it is conducted in freshwater or in the sea, A____, nautical archaeology is another way of learning more about the human past.

Although some use the words nautical archaeology to mean a specialized branch of underwater archaeology, B____, most consider the term to mean the same as the words underwater archaeology or marine

archaeology. All of these interchangeable terms mean simply C_____.

Once real trade began, it is safe to say D_____ was probably transported over water at some point in time. By studying submerged objects, we can learn more about past human cultures. In fact, studying ancient artifacts is the only way to learn anything about human societies E_____. Being able to examine the actual objects made and used by ancient people not only adds to the written records they left behind, but allows us to get much closer to the reality of what life was like when they lived. Also, if we pay close attention to how the objects were made and used, we begin to get a more realistic picture of F_____.

that existed long before the invention of writing
that nearly every object made by humans
what those people were really like
which is concerned only with ships and the history of seafaring
that it is the study of archaeology done underwater
and whether it finds sunken ships or old cities
and what was discovered underwater

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	4	5	2	1	3

Task 42

Visiting the Royal Parks

London has a well-deserved reputation as one of the greenest cities in Europe, with a huge number of open spaces across the center of the city. Tourists A_____ can always relax in a lovely, quiet London park.

The Royal Parks, such as St James’s, Green Park, the Regent’s Park, Hyde Park, Richmond, Greenwich, Bushy Park and Kensington Gardens, are beautifully maintained and popular with locals and visitors alike. Many are former hunting estates of English monarchs, preserved as open space B______. They are ideal places to relax and sunbathe in summer, enjoy gorgeous flower beds in spring C_____.

The Royal Parks provide fantastic green routes in London D______ and through some of the most attractive areas of the capital. Picnics in the parks are also a popular activity especially during the busy summer months.

Dogs are welcome in all the Royal Parks, although there are some places E_____. These are clearly indicated within each park and are usually ecologically sensitive sites, children’s play areas, restaurants, cafes and some sports areas. Ground nesting birds are particularly sensitive to disturbance by dogs and people. So it is necessary to observe the warning signs F____. In Bushy Park and Richmond Park dogs should be kept away from the deer.

The Royal Parks are for everyone to enjoy.

that are displayed during the nesting season
while the city has grown up around them
and admire the changing leaves as autumn arrives
where they are not allowed or should be kept on a lead
who are tired of the noise, crowds and excitement of sightseeing
who does not know the route to the place of destination
that take cyclists away from traffic

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	2	3	7	4	1

Task 43

The Survival of the Welsh Language

Wales is a small country of just over 3 million people, on the north west seaboard of Europe. Despite many historical incursions of other peoples, particularly the English, it has preserved its ancient Celtic language, A_____. Welsh is habitually spoken by about 10% of the people, half understood by a further 10%, and not spoken at all by the majority in this ‘bilingual’ society.

Up to the First World War most people were Welsh speaking, especially in the mountains of North Wales. The English-speaking areas were along the more fertile coastal plains. On the whole there was an easy tolerance of the two languages, B______.

By 1919 there was a considerable drop in Welsh speakers. This was due to the large flows of capital investment from England into the South Wales coalfield, C_____.

Now, D_____, commerce and everyday business were carried out in English.

In the rural mountain areas 80% to 85% of the population were Welsh speakers, E ____. However, in the coalfield country of Glamorgan 70% spoke English only, and in its neighbour border county the figure was over 90%.

By 1931 the number of people able to speak Welsh in the whole of Wales had fallen to 37% of the population, F ____. It continued to drop and reached its lowest – 18.6% — in the 1990s. But by the start of the 21st century, numbers had begun to increase again and reached 21.7% in 2004!

as well as education and the law
the only one of a number of allied languages that remain
with radio and the English press further speeding the decline
many being able to speak Welsh only
where Welsh was studied as language and literature in an academic manner
apart from the fact that Welsh was not permitted to be used at all in the schools
bringing a flood of immigrant labour from all over Britain

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	6	7	1	4	3

Task 44

Secrets of Long Life

There are places in the world where people live longer than anywhere else. The remote Japanese island of Okinawa is one of these places. While the lifespan in Britain is 77 years for men and 81 for women, Okinawa has a population of about one million, of which 900 are centenarians — A_____ in Britain or the USA. So what is their secret of long life?

«The calendar may say they’re 80, but their body says they’re 60,» says Bradley Willcox, a scientist researching the extraordinary phenomenon. The research has shown hormonal differences between Okinawans and B____ but their longevity has been linked to diet. They eat more tofu and soya than any other people in the world and also enjoy a range of different fruit and vegetables, all rich in anti-oxidants. But the most significant thing isn’t what they eat but how much. The Okinawans C_____ known as ‘hara hachi bu’, which translates as ‘eat until you are only 80 % full’.

Scientists refer to this way of eating as ‘caloric restrictions’. No-one knows exactly why it works, but scientists believe it D_____ that there is the danger of famine. This in turn E_____ and so may lead to better preservation and slower aging.

«It’s a stark contrast with the cultural habits that drive food consumption in F____ » says Mr. Willcox. If we look at high streets and supermarkets in most other countries, you will see that he is right. Restaurants offer all-you-can-eat menus and supersize portions. Supermarkets are full of special offers encouraging us to buy more food than we need.

make it a healthy diet
other parts of the world
four times higher than the average
have a cultural tradition
sends a signal to the body
the rest of the population
makes the body protect itself

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	6	4	5	7	2

Task 45

Beaches of Portugal

Covering more than 850 km, the Portuguese coast boasts such a large number of fine, white sandy beaches that it is almost impossible to keep count. All bathed by the Atlantic Ocean and all different, their beauty is hard to describe, so there is nothing better A _____.

The most famous are in the Algarve. With three thousand hours of sun per year and warm waters, there are beaches to suit every taste and many dreamlike resorts. The choices are many, from sandy stretches extending as far as the eye can see B ______, the trade image of the region. They are always accompanied by a calm clear sea, C_____.

In Costa da Caparica, the beaches are particularly dear to Lisbonites D _____ for sun and sea bathing. There are deserted beaches here too, of a wild beauty, E ____ nature. In the centre, tourists will find very wide sandy stretches, to which traditional fishing adds a picturesque touch. And further north, the colder waters and the invigorating sea are tempered by the welcoming atmosphere and the clean air of the mountains and the forests.

Despite all their differences, all beaches share one thing – quality. They are safe and offer a wide range of support and recreational services, F ____. And a large number of Portuguese beaches are granted the European blue flag every year, a distinction that is a sign of their excellent conditions.

where one can enjoy close contact with
which meet every need of their users
than to discover them once for oneself
who has never been to this wonderful city
which is ideal for various water sports
to the smaller coves, sheltered by huge cliffs
who have different options around the capital

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	6	5	7	1	2

Task 46

The Joy of Reading

Have you ever wondered why people read? Why reading is one of the few things A _____ for thousands of years? Even before reading became available to the general public, stories were told around campfires, passed down from generation to generation.

First of all, stories are a good way to escape from your ordinary life, to get immersed in another world, if only for a little time. While reading, you can imagine yourself in different situations B _____, but in the moment that doesn’t matter. Whether you’re suffering from depression or are just bored, reading is a great distraction.

Similarly, another reason people are attracted to stories, is because they are lonely, very often they feel as if they are the only ones in the world C _____. Identifying with a fictional character can make a big difference in helping a person understand D _____.

Other people read because it can be a good way to relax. It can be very nice to sit down and enjoy a good plot unfold, to watch the actions of fictional characters from the side, and to see the consequences of these actions, E ____.

Lastly, people read because it is the easiest way to gain knowledge in a certain area. Instead of finding a teacher, you can just find a book, sit down, and spend a few hours reading. This way you can study wherever you want, whenever you want F _____.

There are countless books in the world, and whoever you are, whatever you’re feeling, there is definitely a book out there, just waiting for you to discover it.

try to avoid the boredom of life
that has consistently remained part of society
that they are not alone
going through something difficult
without having to bear any responsibility
that range from unlikely to impossible
at your own pace

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	6	4	3	5	7

Task 47

Peter and Paul Fortress

The Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, located on small Hare Island, is the historic core of the city. The history of St. Petersburg begins with the history of the fortress.

Since 1700 Russia had been fighting the Northern War against Sweden. By 1703 the lands by the Neva River were conquered. To protect them from the attacks of the Swedes it was necessary to build a strong outpost here. The fortress was founded on Hare Island 16 (27) May, 1703 by joint plan of Peter I and French engineer Joseph-Gaspard Lambert de Guerin. This day is well known A____.

The fortress stretches from west to east with six bastions B____. The Peter’s Gate on the east side, C____, has remained since the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Cathedral, D____ emperors and the monument of Russian baroque, was completed after the death of the emperor, in 1733. The weathervane as a golden angel with a cross, E____, is one of the main symbols of the city. On the opposite side of the cathedral, there is the Mint building, constructed in the time of Paul I by architect A. Porto. Coinage was moved to the fortress F____ in the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Fortress has never directly participated in any fighting. From the very beginning of its existence it was used as a political prison. Since 1924 the Peter and Paul Fortress has been a part of the Museum of the History of St. Petersburg.

as the day of the birth of St. Petersburg
which was designed by D. Trezzini
which was the burial place of Russian
and reminding of the rich history of the city
as the most protected part of the city
which is located on the spire of the cathedral
that are located at the corners

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
1	7	2	3	6	5

Task 48

Surviving in a Desert

A desert is defined as a place that gets less than 250 mm of rain each year. It differs sharply from the climate of a rain forest, A _____.

Arid desert lands cover about one third of the earth’s surface. Most deserts are covered with sand, B _____. There are also usually a lot of rocky areas. This combination of sand and rock means that the soil is not very fertile. C ____, some living things are able to do well in this setting. Many plants have changed and developed in ways D____. These changes have become apparent in a number of ways. Some plants are able to grow very quickly E____. They turn green and produce flowers within just a few days. Other desert plants simply stop growing in very dry weather. They appear to be dead, but when the rain returns, they come back to life and begin growing again.

Desert animals have also developed many characteristics that help them to survive in arid environment. Camels can go for a very long time without drinking. Other animals, such as snakes and rats, find cool places to sleep during the day and come out only at night. The extremely long ears of desert rabbits help them F_____. Changes like these have allowed some animals and plants to grow and develop successfully in a very challenging ecological system: the desert.

There are countless books in the world, and whoever you are, whatever you’re feeling, there is definitely a book out there, just waiting for you to discover it.

which is often in the form of hills called sand dunes
whenever it rains
to find water as far as 25 metres away
which can receive up to 10,000 mm of rain annually
to better distribute their body heat and stay cool
even though the desert environment is very dry and hot
that help them to live in the desert

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	1	6	7	2	5

Task 49

Nevsky Prospect

Nevsky Prospect is the main and most famous street of St. Petersburg. The unique architectural ensemble of Nevsky Prospect was formed during the 18th – early 20th centuries. It starts from the bank of the Neva River, runs through the centre of the city and ends at the Neva River. The whole history of St. Petersburg can be seen in the history of the avenue. Nevsky Prospect is 4.5 km long and 25-60 m wide. The narrowest section is located from the Admiralty to the Moika River, A_____.

After the construction of the Admiralty in 1704 and the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in 1710, it was decided to build a road B_____ each other and with the Novgorod Path, which was used by Russian merchants. The construction began on both sides at the same time, the roads were laid through the wood, and in 1760s they were connected into one road, C_____, but with a turn at the Vosstaniya Square. Nevsky Prospect got its name only in 1783. The road was paved with cobble stones, D_____. It was the first street in St. Petersburg with gas lighting. By the early 20th century Nevsky Prospect had become the financial centre of Russia E____ had their offices there.

Nowadays, Nevsky Prospect is the centre of cultural and social life of St. Petersburg. There are museums, theatres, exhibition halls, cinemas, restaurants, cafés, shops F____.

and hotels there or nearby the avenue
showing the original width of the avenue
which was not as straight as it was planned
which were built by famous architects and
connecting these two important structures with
and a few rows of trees were planted along the street
as the 40 largest banks of Russia, Europe and America

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	5	3	6	7	1

Task 50

Whales in a Noisy Ocean

Whales use sound in very different ways. Some whales produce songs that travel over vast distances. They also use echolocation, like bats, A _____. But other noise in the ocean creates a problem for the whales.

Since 1987, the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) has sent their research vessel Song of the Whale around the world B _____. During the travels, the Song of the Whale scientists have developed expertise C ____ to listen to and record the sounds that the animals make. Thishelps them to track, identify, and survey different species.

One of the threats facing whales and other marine animals is noise pollution in the seas, such as noise from drilling, military activities, oil exploration, and coastal construction. This noise can cause great distress to whales and dolphins and can D _____.

It is feared this noise pollution may cause mass strandings, E _____. If the Song of the Whale team can F ____, then hopefully the nature and location of disturbing noise can be changed.

in using underwater microphones
to locate food and find their way
result in injury and even death
track and identify their habitats
to filter out food from the water
to provide a platform for marine research
when large numbers come ashore

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	6	1	3	7	4

Task 51

Unique nature of Kamchatka

Kamchatka is a peninsula located in the north-eastern part of Russia. It is surrounded with the Okhotskoye Sea, the Beringovo Sea and the Pacific Ocean. This region has a very unique environment A_____ one is looking for picturesque views, unforgettable travels and unity with nature.

Kamchatka is famous for its volcanoes, B_____. Volcanoes are represented on Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, the most eastern city in the northern hemisphere, coat of arms as well. There are more than 300 volcanoes

in Kamchatka, from 28 up to 36 of them are active, or potentially active. Kamchatka volcanoes are included in the list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

The region is also known C____ — rivers and lakes. Many Kamchatka rivers spring from mountain tops and glaciers, that is why they are very clean, and it is wonderful for those D_____. In general, there are up to 14 thousand rivers and streams, 100 thousand lakes and 414 glaciers in Kamchatka.

Kamchatka is a home to the Valley of Geysers, E_____ geysers in the world, after Icelandic geyser fields. It is not easily accessible, as long as it is too unique to be opened for tourists all the time. The Valley of Geysers’ ecosystem is very vulnerable, F_____ and regulate the visiting. In fact, the larger part of Kamchatka is preserved. There are many nature reserves and nature parks in Kamchatka.

which are depicted on most souvenirs there
so it is necessary to monitor it all the time
who love fishing, including Kamchatka bears
which has the second largest concentration of
to be a place of many water sources
to be a popular nature reserve and health resort
that makes it a place to visit when

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	1	5	3	4	2

Task 52

The life of Pi

«The Life of Pi» published in 2001 is the third book by the Canadian author Yann Martel. It has A_____, won several prizes and been translated into forty-one languages.

At the start of the book, we B____ in India. His father owns the city zoo and the family home is in the zoo. When they aren’t at school, Pi and his brother help their father at the zoo and he learns a lot about animals.

When Pi is sixteen, his parents decide to close the zoo and move to Canada. They travel by ship taking the animals with them. On the way, there is C_____. Sadly, Pi’s family and the sailors all die in the storm, but Pi lives and finds himself in a lifeboat with a hyena, zebra, orangutan and an enormous tiger. At first, Pi is scared of the animals and jumps into the ocean. Then he remembers there are sharks in the water and decides to climb back into the lifeboat. One by one, the animals in the lifeboat kill and eat each other, till only Pi and the tiger are left alive. Luckily for Pi, there is D_____, but he soon needs to start catching fish. He feeds the tiger to stop it killing and eating him. He also uses a whistle and E_____ and show it that he’s the boss.

Pi and the tiger spend 227 days in the lifeboat. They live through terrible storms and the burning heat of the Pacific sun. They are often hungry and ill. Finally, they arrive at the coast of Mexico, but you will have to F_____ in the end!

read the book to find out what happens
some food and water on the lifeboat
his knowledge of animals to control the tiger
received an award for being strong
sold seven million copies worldwide
learn about Pi’s childhood in Pondicherry
a terrible storm and the ship sinks

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	6	7	2	3	1

Task 53

Santa Claus

The man we know as Santa Claus has a history all to his own. Today, he is thought of mainly as the jolly man in red, but his story A_____ the 3rd century to a monk named St. Nicholas. It is believed that Nicholas was born sometime around 280 AD in modern-day Turkey. Much admired for his kindness, St. Nicholas B_____. It is said that he gave away all of his inherited wealth and traveled the countryside helping the poor and sick. Over the course of many years, Nicholas’s popularity spread and he became known as the protector of children and sailors. His feast day C_____ his death, December 6. This was traditionally considered a lucky day to make large purchases or to get married. By the Renaissance, St. Nicholas was the most popular saint in Europe.

St. Nicholas first D______ at the end of the 18th century. The name Santa Claus evolved from a Dutch shortened form of Sint Nikolaas. As his popularity grew, Sinter Klaas was described as everything from a jocker with a blue three-cornered hat, red waistcoat, and yellow stockings to a man wearing a broad-brimmed hat and a huge pair of Flemish trousers.

In the 19th centuries big stores E_____ using images of the newly-popular Santa Claus. In 1841, thousands of children visited a Philadelphia shop to see a life-size Santa Claus model. It F_____ before stores began to attract children, and their parents, with the lure of a peek at the “real-life” Santa Claus with his famous white beard and red gown.

began to advertise Christmas shopping
became the subject of many legends
began dressing up unemployed men in
is celebrated on the anniversary of
was only a matter of time
stretches all the way back to
appeared in American popular culture

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	2	4	7	1	5

Task 54

Welcome to the Smithsonian

When you visit any of the Smithsonian’s 19 museums and galleries or the National zoo, you are entering the largest museum complex in the world. This complex holds about 137 million unique objects in its trust for the American people.

The Smithsonian was established in 1846 with funds given to the United States by James Smithson, an English scientist. The main idea was to increase and spread knowledge for free. And now all Smithsonian institutions are still devoted to public education, A__________ history.

Ten Smithsonian museums and galleries are located in the centre of the U.S. capital. Six other museums and the National zoo are nearby in the Washington metropolitan area, B__________.

The 19th and the newest museum C__________ is the National Museum of African American history and culture. It is now operating in the form of a virtual museum. Its key feature is the memory book, D__________. These diverse memories are linked to each other and to the museum content, E__________.

The Smithsonian complex is home to the world’s foremost research centres in science, the arts and the humanities. Besides the basic research F__________, there are a number of special facilities. Conservation centre at the zoo studies rare and endangered species, environment centre carries out research in ecosystems in the coastal area.

that is carried on regularly in each of the museums
providing different materials in the arts, science and
placing a spotlight on people and events in African American history
that has been established within the Smithsonian complex
which allows website visitors to upload their own stories or images
and visitors can enjoy watching rare exhibits on
and two museums are situated in New York City

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	7	4	5	3	1

Task 55

National Gallery of Art

The National Gallery of Art was created in Washington D.C. for the people of the United States in 1937. It started with the gift of the financier and art collector A__________. His gift also included a building to house the new museum, to be constructed on the National Mall. Opened to the public in 1941, this grand building, B__________, was at the time the largest marble structure in the world.

The newly created National Gallery soon attracted similar gifts from hundreds of other collectors. This tradition of generosity continues to this day with gifts from private donors and artists C__________.

The gallery’s East building contains the collection of modern and contemporary painting, sculpture, D__________. The East and West buildings are connected by an underground tunnel with a moving walkway.

The National Gallery enjoys federal support, E__________, to fulfill its mission to exhibit and interpret great works of European and American art in the nation’s collection. Since its founding, federal funds have fostered the protection and care of the art collection and have supported the gallery’s work, ensuring F__________. Private funding helped to create a renowned collection of works of art and to construct the two landmark buildings. Private support makes possible to arrange a changing programme of special exhibitions.

which is now called the West building
that the gallery brings daily profit to the country
who are willing to share their possessions with the public
who presented old master paintings and sculptures to the country
as well as partnership with private organizations
that the gallery is open daily and free of charge
as well as an advanced research centre and an art library

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	1	3	7	5	6

Task 56

Healthy school meals

Children at Southdown Infants School in Bath enjoy tasty homemade meals such as roast turkey with fresh vegetables, chicken, salad and fresh fruit for pudding. Vegetables are A ____________. Instead of crisps, chocolate and sweets, the school canteen serves organic carrots, dried fruit and fresh seasonal fruit in bags for 10p, B ______________.

Southdown’s healthy eating initiative began four years ago with the start of a breakfast club.

Now Ms Culley, the head teacher of the school, says that the teachers very clearly see the link between diet and concentration. “Children’s concentration and behaviour C ______________.” The teachers would also like to give the children the experience of eating together. It turned out that some children weren’t used to that.

Pupils are also encouraged to find out more about where their food comes from by D ______________.

Parents are also involved and are invited in to try school dinners on special occasions, E _______________.

The efforts of staff, pupils and parents to create a healthy eating environment were recognized earlier this month F ______________ the Best School Dinner award.

Ms Culley said: “We are happy to win this award. Healthy eating is at the centre of everything we do. It’s really rewarding to see so many children enjoy real food.”

such as Easter and Christmas
visiting a local farm
local, fresh and organic where possible
provide good quality food
definitely improve after a good meal
and about 100 bags are sold each day
when the school was awarded

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	6	5	2	1	7

Task 57

Walking is not enough to keep fit

Walking may not be enough on its own to produce significant health benefits, research suggests. A team from Canada’s University of Alberta compared a 10,000-step exercise programme with a more traditional fitness regime of moderate intensity. Researchers found improvements A _______ were significantly higher in the second group. They told an American College of Sports Medicine meeting that gentle exercise was B __________. In total 128 people took C _________. The researchers assessed influence on fitness by measuring blood pressure and lung capacity. They found out the 10,000-step programme did help to get people motivated – and was an excellent way to start D _________. But to increase the effectiveness, some intensity must be added to their exercise. “Across your day, while you are achieving those 10,000 steps, take 200 to 400 of them at a faster pace. You’ve got to do more than light exercise and include regular moderate activity, and don’t be shy to have an occasional period of time at an energetic level.” The researchers were concerned there was too much focus E __________, rather than on its intensity.

Professor Stuart Biddle, an expert in exercise science at the University of Loughborough, said it was possible that the current guidelines on how much exercise to take were set too low. “However, you have got to find F ____. The harder you make it, the fewer people will actually do it.” Professor Biddle said there was no doubt that energetic exercise was the way to get fit, but volume rather than intensity might be more useful in tackling issues such as obesity.

part in the project
taking exercise
gave marked health benefits
in fitness levels
on simply getting people to take exercise
not enough to get fit
a compromise between physiology and psychology

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	6	1	2	5	7

Task 58

Double-decker Bus

A double-decker bus is a bus that has two levels. While double-decker long-distance buses are in widespread use around the world, A ____. Double-decker buses are popular in some European cities and in some parts of Asia, usually in former British colonies. Many towns around the world have a few that specialize in short sight-seeing tours for tourists because, as William Gladstone observed, «the way to see London is from the top of a ‘bus'».

Double-decker buses are taller than other buses. They are extensively used in the United Kingdom, B _____, removed from normal service in December 2005 — they still operate on heritage routes. Elsewhere in Europe, double-deckers are used throughout the Dublin Bus network in Ireland, where they are making a comeback on Dublin’s outer suburban routes and also the streets of Cork, Limerick, Galway and Waterford. They are a common sight in Berlin, where the BVG makes extensive use of them. Double-decker long-distance coaches are also in widespread use throughout Europe.

Most buses in Hong Kong and about half in Singapore are double-deckers as well. The only areas in North America that C _____ are the western Canadian province of British Columbia and the United States city of Las Vegas. They are currently being tested in Ottawa on the express routes. The city of Davis, California, in the United States uses vintage double-decker buses for public transport. Davis, California is also home to the first vintage double-decker bus converted from diesel gasoline to run on CNG. The city of Victoria, BC, the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, and a couple of others use Dennis Tridents. A few are also used as tour buses, especially in New York. Double-deckers are have also been used in Mumbai since 1937.

In Brazil, D _____, some companies use double-decker buses. Double-deckers are not a good option for use outside the towns (most roads in Brazil are in very poor condition), and E _____.

Double-decker buses are in widespread use in India in many of the major cities. Some double-decker buses F _____, with no roof and shallow sides. These are popular for sightseeing tours.

double-deckers are adored by thousands of tourists
use double-decker buses for public transport
double-decker city buses are less common
where perhaps the most famous was the London Routemaster
their use is being discouraged by transportation authorities
have an open upper deck
where buses are sometimes the only interstate transport

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	4	2	7	5	6

Task 59

Natural Links In a Long Chain of Being

I believe we are not alone.

Even if I am on the other side of the world from the farmhouse I live in, I still dream of the ancient vines out the window, and the shed out back that my grandfather’s father built in 1870 with eucalyptus trunks. As long as I can recreate these images, A ____.

All of us need some grounding in our modern world of constant moving, buying, selling, meeting and leaving. Some find constancy in religion, others in friends or community. But we need some daily signposts that we are not different, not better, B ____.

For me, this house, farm, these ancient vines are those roots. Although I came into this world alone and will leave alone, I am not alone.

There are ghosts of dozens of conversations in the hallways, stories I remember about buying new plows that now rust in the barnyard and ruined crops from the same vines C ____.

All of us are natural links in a long chain of being, and that I need to know what time of day it is, what season is coming, whether the wind is blowing north or from the east, and if the moon is still full tomorrow night, D _____.

The physical world around us constantly changes, E _____. We must struggle in our brief existence to find some transcendent meaning and so find relief in the knowledge F _____.

You may find that too boring, living with the past as present. I find it refreshing. There is an old answer to every new problem, that wise whispers of the past are with us. If we just listen and remember, we are not alone; we have been here before.

I never quite leave home
but human nature does not
that we are now harvesting
but we as well as our heart did not
not worse than those who came before us
just as the farmers who came before me did
that our ancestors have gone through this before

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
1	5	3	6	2	7

Task 60

The Show Begins

My Uncle Jim took me to all the Broadway shows in New York City, and I was star struck! Actually he wasn’t my real uncle – that’s just what we called him. He was a close friend of my parents. He was a bit stocky with red hair, A _________.

I remember the theaters on Broadway, B __________. The curtains were made of this real heavy, dark red material. There were huge chandelier lights hanging from the ceiling. The walls were dark, paneled wood. The seats were red and cushy C __________.

The orchestra sat at the base of the stage in a pit. I usually went down to the front to see the musicians D __________. They were all crammed into such a tiny space. I played the flute myself and my dad kept encouraging me that if I kept it up, E ___________. But truly, I didn’t want to be tucked away down there. I wanted to be on top, front and center.

Most people dressed rather finely, and certain fragrances took center stage as various women passed by. The sounds of the audience F __________ at their seats were clearly heard while last minute patrons filled in. There was electricity in the air and then the lights would go down and up, and you knew it was time for the show to get started. The lights dimmed. The music began. And you were swept up into a whole new world. I loved it!

I could be playing down there someday
and set real close together
which were so old and posh
and he had a beard and moustache
I wasn’t that good at music
getting ready and warming up
laughing and chattering away

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	3	2	6	1	7

Task 61

Scouting moves ahead

The Scout Movement, which is also known as the Boy Scouts has changed massively in more than 100 years, though many people do not realise this.

For many people in Britain the word “scouting” evokes images of boys in short trousers A__________. Many people imagine that the Scout Association and its female counterpart the Guides Association are old-fashioned. They think these associations are for people B__________ than the future, people who just like camping in the rain and washing in cold water.

It’s quite easy to understand why Scouts and Guides have this sort of image. The “Boy Scouts” were founded over 100 years ago by Robert Baden-Powell, a retired English army general; the “Girl Guides” followed three years later. They were organised in an almost military manner. Young people had to learn discipline and how to do things as a group. They C__________ in difficult conditions, learnt to make campfires and, yes, they certainly had to get used to washing in cold water. In those days though, that D__________ many people washed in cold water.

Nevertheless, even at the start, there was much more to scouting than that. Scouts and Guides also learned the value of solidarity. Right from the start, they had to cope with difficult situations, E__________, and play a useful part in society. Baden-Powell’s organisations were inclusive, and never exclusive; any young person could become a Scout or a Guide, regardless of race, background or religion.

Though the Scout and Guide movements began in England, they soon spread to other countries, and within 50 years, scouting F__________ with young people all over the world.

who are more interested in the past
and girls in blue uniforms
that were generally better
was not particularly unusual as
went on camping expeditions
interact with other people
had become a popular activity

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	1	5	4	6	7

Task 62

Skip the sun, get a glow the healthy way

Everyone at some point has wanted a “healthy glow,” whether it’s a must-have for summer, or a vacation, the thought of tan skin has crossed the minds of millions. If you are pale, it A__________. There is wild excitement when after a day in the sun your skin is tan, not burnt. Surely everyone is familiar with the famous conversation upon the realization that you got fried at the beach. Your friends reassure you with “Don’t worry it B__________.” It may all seem like fun and games at the time, but alarming new research C__________.

Some tan-seekers do it the old-fashioned way, grab a towel and hit the pool or beach. Recently, millions of young girls D__________ instead. Regardless of how the tan is achieved, any change in skin coloring is evidence of skin cell damage. This can lead to cancer. According to the Skin Cancer Foundation, melanoma, or skin cancer, among people aged 18 to 39 has risen dramatically. In the United States the number of skin cancer cases due to tanning, is higher than the number of lung cancer cases due to smoking.

While it is true that being outside and active is great for your body and the sun does provide vitamin D, everyone’s health still needs protecting. However, it’s E__________, limit time spent in direct sunlight, between the hours of 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., and wear sunscreen at all times. A fashionable option is the sun hat: both elegant and fun. Big floppy hats may seem ridiculous at first, but F__________.

Another advice is to look into sunless tanners: They are cheap and in no way endanger the lives of users. So, fake it, don’t bake it!

takes a lot of time and effort to tan
have been turning to tanning beds
they are actually quite classy accessories
better to avoid indoor tanning
have inspired people to get their skin checked
will eventually turn into a tan
has taken the healthy out of healthy glow

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
1	6	7	2	4	3

Task 63

Grant-making agency

The National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) is an independent grant-making agency of the United States government. Established in 1965, it is one of the largest sources of grant funds for humanities projects and programs in the U.S. NEH promotes knowledge of the history, thought, and culture, not only of the United States, A__________.

NEH grants facilitate research and original scholarship, strengthen teaching and learning in the humanities in American schools and colleges, give opportunities for citizens to engage in lifelong learning, B__________.

The Endowment is directed by a chairman, C__________ and confirmed by the U.S. Senate for a term of four years. Advising the chairman is the National Council on the Humanities, a board of 26 distinguished private citizens D__________ with the advice of the Senate. The National Council members serve six-year terms.

NEH grants are typically awarded to U.S. cultural institutions, such as museums, archives, libraries, colleges, universities, and public television and radio stations, E__________. Eligibility is limited to U.S. non-profit institutions and to U.S. citizens and foreigners F__________ prior to the time of application. Grants are awarded through a competitive process. The chairman takes into account the advice provided by the review process and, by law, makes all funding decisions.

who is appointed by the president
but of other countries of the world
but in every aspect of social sciences
who are also appointed by the president
who have been living in the U.S. for three years
as well as to individual scholars of the humanities
as well as provide access to cultural and educational resources

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	7	1	4	6	5

Task 64

The Bonfire Night

The 5th of November has always had a very special place in my heart. More important than New Year’s Eve, but probably less important than the Olympics ceremonies, the 5th of November every year is A __________ all over the country to go wild!

The night of the 5th is often cold and damp and parents wrap up their children in layers of jumpers, coats, hats, scarves and gloves. They fuss over the littlest B __________ aren’t scared. They comfort their pets and give them a safe place to curl up inside, away from the cacophony about to start outside.

Outside the bonfire is C __________ up your nose. If you’re lucky, there might be some pumpkin soup left over from Halloween to warm you up, because in spite of all the layers and the excitement, you’ll still need warming up until the bonfire gets going!

When it’s absolutely dark and the bonfire is blazing, the children and parents huddle together in groups, staring up at the sky. What are they waiting for? The screech of the first firework deafens them all and D __________. The “oohs” and “aaahs” of the crowd keep perfect time with the “kabooms” of the rockets. With every firework that lights up the sky, parents watch the delight grow on their children’s faces and sigh with relief.

After the grand finale, they make their way home with the noises still echoing in their ears. An extra special treat E __________! Waving them through the chilly air, spelling out names and drawing pictures, even the oldest members of the family remember how to be kids!

This is what the 5th of November means to me. Every year, it F __________ such bright and colourful fireworks and heard such loud bangs. I really hope I never grow out of it!

differences in traditions
children and hope that they
the day for fireworks lovers
the explosion lights up the sky
feels like the first time I’ve seen
waits at home though: sparklers
lit and the smell of smoke creeps

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	2	7	4	6	5

Task 65

Earth-sheltered homes

Earth-sheltered or simply underground homes are one of those creations by man, which brings him closer to nature. Unlike the normal traditional houses that A __________, these earth-sheltered homes are built using the shelter of the ground. Earth-sheltered homes can be easily made in hilly areas.

The basic idea behind the construction of such a house is that they are built with the idea of B ________ and each of these homes is built entirely different from each other.

The construction of these homes is usually done according to the shape of the area where the house is built. Their designs C ________ to the nature. The early earth houses which were initially built lacked windows. Modern day earth-sheltered homes though have windows as well as any other facility that the people living there might require.

Some of the major benefits of earth-sheltered homes are that they are naturally insulating. This makes them cool in the summer and cozy and warm in the winter. Another advantage D __________ and are well protected from earthquakes as well as wind-storms. Many earth-sheltered homes are also defended against intruders since there is usually only one entry.

As everything has its pros and cons, earth-sheltered homes also do. The interior decoration of these homes, like placing the furniture or huge paintings, E __________. These homes also have dark spaces inside and for this reason, lots of lighting is essential.

Earth-sheltered homes are one of the greenest housing designs that combines Mother Nature with eco-friendly F __________.

are built on the ground
are usually very organic
is being built facing south
being environmentally friendly
building materials and lifestyle
is that these homes are safe from fire
can be difficult due to the construction

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
1	4	2	6	7	5

Task 66

Australia

Australia is one of the world’s most ethnically diverse nations. Nearly a quarter of the people who live in Australia A __________. They come from the United Kingdom and other European countries, but also from China, Vietnam, North Africa, and the Middle East.

First people arrived in Australia about 50,000 years ago. They B __________ land bridges when sea levels were lower. The next to land in Australia were Dutch explorers. They came in 1606. In 1788 the British began to settle there. Many settlers C __________ as punishment. For a short time, the newcomers lived peacefully with the Aboriginal people.

In 1851, gold was discovered in Australia. A rush to find riches brought D __________ 1859, six separate colonies were created which later became part of the British Commonwealth.

Australian culture is founded on stories of battlers, bushrangers and brave soldiers. Today E __________ its Aboriginal heritage, vibrant mix of cultures, innovative ideas and a thriving ecosystem.

Australia’s ecosystem is an unusual one because of its remote location. As a result, there are F __________ and nowhere else in the world, such as kangaroo and koala.

One of Australia’s most amazing sites rises like an enormous whale’s back from a flat desert called the Red Center. It is a sacred natural formation at the heart of the country and the largest rock in the world!

Australia is one of the most
were born in other countries
Australia also defines itself by
many animal species that occur here
may have travelled from Asia across
thousands of new immigrants, and by
were criminals sent to live in Australia

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	5	7	6	3	4

Task 67

Living nature in Madeira

Right in the middle of the Atlantic, the islands of Madeira and Porto Santo are a haven of natural beauty. The exotic colours of the flowers stand out from among the blue sea and the emerald green vegetation. This is an archipelago where the big territory is a protected area and A __________ is located.

The Madeira Natural Park was created in 1982 to preserve this vast natural heritage, a worldwide rarity. The park is classified as a Biogenetic Reserve, B __________, with some rare species such as the mountain orchid, unique in the world, and also some exotic large trees. To visit this park is to discover Nature! The park covers about two-thirds of the island, making Madeira a truly ecological destination.

The springtime temperature, C __________, cries out for open air activities. Visitors can go for a walk in the park, visit the city of Funchal or roam freely around the island. Boat rides are an excellent way of D __________. In such a naturally welcoming environment, balance and well-being are taken for granted. Madeira offers various tourist complexes E __________.

Popular feasts, F __________, are opportunities to appreciate traditional gastronomic flavours and see Madeira partying, especially for the Carnival parades, the Flower festival, the Atlantic festival and, above all, the end-of-year fireworks display.

which is felt all year round
which take place in Madeira all year round
where the largest laurel forest in the world
admiring the coastline from a different perspective
where one can find a unique range of flora and fauna
choosing this holiday destination for its natural beauty
that have prime conditions for boating and scuba diving

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	5	1	4	7	2

Task 68

Wild animals in cities

Have you ever seen bears in Vancouver parks, leopards on the streets of Mumbai or wild pigs in gardens in Berlin? Recently, there A __________ on TV about big animals coming into towns and cities. What happens when wild animals come into our cities? Is it dangerous for us and the animals?

Wild animals usually come into cities to look for food. In Cape Town, South Africa, baboons sometimes come into the suburbs. They eat fruit from gardens and go into people’s kitchens and take food from cupboards and fridges! Baboons are B __________ children and fight with pet dogs. Many people do not like them, but the city can be dangerous for baboons too. Sometimes, baboons are C __________ human food can be very bad for their teeth. The city council in Cape Town has a team of Baboon Monitors whose job is to find baboons D ___________ to the countryside. This makes the city safer for people and is healthier for the baboons. However, the main problem is that a lot of baboons will come back to the city to find food again.

In Berlin, Germany, groups of wild pigs have come into the city for hundreds of years, but now the winters are warmer, there are even more pigs than in the past. Pigs eat flowers and plants and dig in gardens and parks in the city. They also E __________ accidents. Some city residents like the pigs and give them food. But the city council is worried about the traffic accidents, so they F __________ have put up fences to stop the pigs coming into the city.

cause lots of problems
in the city and take them back
walk in the street and cause traffic
hurt in car accidents and the sugar in
strong animals and sometimes they scare
have been many reports in newspapers and
have told people to stop giving the pigs food and

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	5	4	2	3	7

Task 69

Europe’s best hidden gems

There are incredible destinations in Europe known worldwide, such as Amsterdam and its canals, London and its museums, its shopping and atmosphere, or Paris, the City of Light. Europe also has thousands of hidden treasures. There is a wide selection of the finest unknown destinations in Europe, from Lugano in Switzerland A __________.

Lugano is an international city, the crossroads and melting pot of European culture. It constitutes one of the most interesting regions to be discovered. Lugano is not only Switzerland’s third most important financial centre, B __________ old buildings.

The area of Cinque Terre in Italy represents one of the best preserved natural sights of the Mediterranean. Human activity has contributed to creating a unique landscape in which the development of typical stone walls is so extensive C __________. All this, D __________, makes the Cinque Terre an increasingly popular location among Italian and foreign tourists.

Sintra is a jewel set between the mountains and the sea, waiting to be discovered by tourists E __________, luxuriant nature and cosmopolitan cultural offer. Sintra has a wonderful charm that left a deep impression on the soul and work of the writers F __________. Sintra is truly the capital of Romanticism. It is a place to be experienced by everyone!

but showed evidence of an early human housing
to Cinque Terre in Italy and Sintra in Portugal
as to equal that of the famous Great Wall of China
but also a town of parks and flowers, villas and
who want to be lost in its majestic historical heritage
combined with the beauty of a crystal clear sea
who pioneered the Romantic spirit in the eighteenth century

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	4	3	6	5	7

Task 70

Beautiful cities of Italy

The political and cultural centre of Italy is the ‘Eternal City’, Rome. Ever since the Roman Empire, as its capital, Rome has become famous as a centre of European culture. The most striking sights of Rome are, of course, the Colosseum and the Forum. Once the Colosseum was able to receive about 50 thousand spectators, A __________ and concert halls. The Pantheon, the old temple of all gods, B __________, is also located in Rome.

The second most important town in Italy is Milan. Milan is the capital of fashion and C __________, exhibitions and conferences. The main attraction of Milan is its Cathedral Square, where the monument to the King Victor Emmanuel II is installed. Theatre fans will not be left disappointed by visiting the Theatre of La Scala.

The most popular city among tourists is Venice. The city is unique because it has more than 120 islands, D __________ and 400 bridges. Venice has been known for more than fifteen hundred years, and for E __________. The main area of the city is Saint Mark’s Square with the Cathedral of San Marco. One of the most beautiful buildings in Venice is the Palace of Doges. The other famous attraction is the Grand Canal F______.

In addition to this, there are such beautiful cities in Italy as Naples, Turin, Florence, Genoa, Pisa and the islands of Sardinia and Sicily. All of them are outstanding places to visit.

that is the largest in Venice
which was built in the early I century
that everyone is dreaming about this trip
which is comparable with modern stadiums
which are сonnected by more than 150 canals
the venue for major international festivals
that time it produced a lot of attractions

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	2	6	5	7	1

Task 71

City of fountains

Peterhof is a monument of world architecture and palace and park art. Peterhof includes a palace and park ensemble of the 18-19th centuries, A__________. Peterhof is a city of fountains as it contains 173 fountains and 4 cascades B__________. Each year up to 3 million people come here to enjoy the splendour of numerous fountains and the unique parks of Peterhof.

The name Peterhof was first mentioned in 1705. It was a coastal manor, close to which the construction of a grand country residence began. The original plan belonged to Peter the Great. After the brilliant victory of Russian troops over the Swedes, security of St. Petersburg both from the land C__________. Since that time, the construction of the Peterhof residence grew immensely in scope.

According to the plan of Peter the Great, on the one hand, Peterhof was meant to be equal in splendour with the most famous royal residences in Europe, D__________ to access the Baltic Sea. Both were successfully done. The Great Palace was built on a natural hill here, E__________. Following the plan of Peter the Great, F__________, the Grand Cascade with the famous Samson fountain was constructed. This is still one of the most spectacular fountains in the world. In 1990 the palaces and parks of Peterhof were included in the list of the world heritage of UNESCO.

and from the sea has been firmly ensured
which is a former royal countryside residence
who designs many royal residences in Europe
and then rebuilt in the baroque style in the 18th century
who wanted to decorate the main entrance with waterfalls
that are located in the park on the coast of the Gulf of Finland
and on the other hand, to become a monument of Russia’s struggle

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	6	1	7	4	5

Task 72

Sights of Sochi

Sochi is unique among other Russian cities because it has many aspects of a subtropical resort. Apart from the scenic Caucasus Mountains, pebble and sand beaches, the city attracts tourists with its vegetation, numerous parks, monuments, and extravagant architecture. About two million people visit Greater Sochi each summer, A__________. The famous Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, B__________, lies just north from the city.

Popularity of Sochi among tourists is largely explained by the beauty of its surroundings. Walking along the river Agura, everyone will admire the nature around, C__________, and amazing waterfalls. From the bridge over the Agura opens a magnificent view to the lowest Agura waterfall. In the shady Agura gorge tourists will feel the gentle coolness, D__________.

Akhun Mountain the biggest in the region has a beautiful tower on the top. The height of the tower is more than 30 metres, E__________ are stunning. The observation platform on the top of the tower gives a chance to take superb pictures of the city. Every year thousands of people visit this stone tower, F__________ the perfect view of the Black Sea coast and the Caucasus Mountains. It is a truly unforgettable experience. Tourists will enjoy visiting all the sights and the resort itself, full of exotic green and the boundless blue of the Black Sea.

and the views that open from it
which is built on the top to give visitors
when the subtropical resort is almost empty
which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site
enjoying the sound of birds singing and waterfalls gurgling
when the city is home to the annual film festival “Kinotavr”
including high cliffs, exotic vegetation, breathtaking canyons

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	4	7	5	1	2

Task 73

Saint Petersburg

A city of palaces and museums, broad avenues and narrow canals, St. Petersburg’s short history is rich in architectural and artistic treasures. Alongside world-famous attractions such as the Hermitage and St. Isaac’s Cathedral, the city has a lot of equally interesting buildings A__________. St. Petersburg is considered to be Russia’s cultural capital. It reflects the country’s extraordinary fate like no other city.

St. Petersburg is a relatively young city, by both Russian and European standards, as B__________. Despite its short life, the city has a rich history. From the early days of Peter the Great to modern times, the city has always bustled with life and intrigue.

Lying across the delta of the Neva River, St. Petersburg, the Venice of the North, is a city C__________, some of which are well-known for their unique history. Bridges are an essential part of the city’s architectural make-up. Among the city’s over 500 bridges, there are numerous technological masterpieces. The centre of the city offers vast areas of green space, D__________.

St. Petersburg is a beautiful and fascinating holiday destination and one E__________. Whether to visit the city in a romantic and snowy Russian winter F__________, visitors will be spellbound by
St. Petersburg’s culture and beauty.

that is built on hundreds of islands
or during the dazzling white nights in summer
it was only founded in 1703 by Tsar Peter the Great
or considering a variety of the trip accommodation offers
that reveal the mysterious and tragic genius of St. Petersburg
of the most intriguing and historically significant cities in Europe
including beautiful historic gardens and extensive leisure parks

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	3	1	7	6	2

Task 74

State Hermitage Museum

The Hermitage is St. Petersburg’s most popular visitor attraction, and one of the world’s largest and most prestigious museums. It is a must-see for all first-time travellers to the city. With over 3 million items in its collection, it also rewards repeat visits, A__________ of the riches on offer here, from Impressionist masterpieces to fascinating Oriental treasures. It was estimated B__________ on display for just one minute. So many visitors prefer a guided tour to ensure C__________ highlights. Art-lovers, however, may find it more rewarding to seek out for themselves the works D__________.

The bulk of the Hermitage collection is housed in the Winter Palace, E__________. However, there are a number of other sites that constitute part of the Hermitage, including the recently opened Storage Facility in the north of St. Petersburg. It offers guided tours through some of the museum’s vast stocks. The magnificent General Staff Building opposite the Winter Palace is most famous for its central triumphal arch, F__________ Nevsky Prospekt. The General Staff Building contains a number of unique exhibitions. It includes the Modern European Art, probably the most visited section of the Hermitage with well-known collections of Picasso and Matisse, as well as a wealth of popular Impressionist paintings.

that they are particularly interested in
that they have time to catch all the collection’s
and new-comers can only hope to get a brief taste
which brings pedestrians out on to Palace Square from
that one would need eleven years to view each exhibit
which was the official residence of the Russian emperors
and the exhibition was often visited by military historians

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	5	2	1	6	4

Task 75

Letniy Sad

Letniy Sad (The Summer Garden) is a park ensemble, a monument of landscape art of the 18th century. Letniy Sad is the oldest park in St. Petersburg. The park was founded by Peter I in 1704. The Tsar dreamed of his own Versailles and drew its original plan himself. He planned to create a regular, architectural park with accurate layout and straight paths. Prominent architects and gardeners took part in its creation. The park was supposed to become a place of relaxation, A__________.

Letniy Sad is surrounded by water. Natural boundary of the park from the north and east are the Neva and Fontanka Rivers, B__________.

Peter I brought sculptures from Italy for the park and was very proud of them. In the 18th century there were more than two hundred sculptures, C__________, or moved to suburban royal residences and the Hermitage. Now Letniy Sad is decorated with 90 sculptures – copies made of artificial marble.

In May, 2012 Letniy Sad was opened after reconstruction. The reconstruction work had been going on for about three years, D__________ Letniy Sad as it was in the 18th century. Among the new items in Letniy Sad, there is the Archaeological Museum, E__________ during the restoration of the park. Visitors can take a tour of the park F__________ on Sundays.

and restorers have done everything possible to keep
combining the features of urban and suburban estates
which are planned to be the centre of scientific research
which contains interesting objects found by archaeologists
but later many of them were either destroyed in the flood
and enjoy the exhibitions and performances of a brass band
and from the south and west – the Moika River and the Lebyazhiy Canal

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	7	5	1	4	6

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A Thomas Jefferson Education

$12.95 – $15.95

Teaching a Generation of Leaders for the Twenty-first Century

Is American education preparing the future leaders our nation needs or merely struggling to teach basic literacy and job skills? Without leadership education, are we settling for an inadequate system that delivers educational, industrial, governmental, and societal mediocrity? In A Thomas Jefferson Education: Teaching a Generation of Leaders for the Twenty-first Century, New York Times Best-selling Author Oliver DeMille presents an overview of a new educational vision based on proven methods that really work! Teachers, students, parents, educators, legislators, leaders, and everyone who cares about America’s future must read this compelling book.

Note: This volume is a philosophical overview, and not a step-by-step guide for implementation of the Leadership Education model. For additional help on application, see The Phases of Learning and Hero Education.

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Publisher: TJEd.org, 2017

Dimensions: 6 in × 9 in × 0.5 in

CHAPTER OUTLINE

Chapter One: Two Towers

Preparing for Leadership * Is Mediocre Education Enough? * We Must Do Better * Genius in our Homes

In the wake of a poignant session of simulations with his students on the morning of the 9/11 attacks, Oliver DeMille considers the path and process of modern education: Are we doing enough to prepare our youth for their generational role of leadership?

Chapter Two: Education Today

Two Types of Teachers * My Children Deserve Better Than This: But This Is All I Know! * Finding A Mentor * Teachers Teach; Students Educate * Problems versus Difficulties * Education For The Twenty-first Century

Almost everyone agrees that American education needs to be “fixed,” but almost nobody agrees on what the remedies should be, or how they should be implemented. With conflicting ideals regarding what education is, and how it is achieved, no hope of a meaningful solution is in sight. The truth is, no matter what other solutions are tried, nothing will make a difference unless students actually study. Some few in history and today actually have, and do. What is their secret? What can parents and teachers do to duplicate historical successes today?

Chapter Three: Three Systems of Schooling

The Coming Renaissance in Education * The Three Types of Education * The Phases of Learning

Today, and throughout much of the history of the world, there have been three primary models of education: The Conveyor Belt System, The Professional System, The Leadership System. Each of these has distinct goals, methods, and outcomes. Which type most significantly contributed to your education? Which is most influential in the development of your children/students? The key to Leadership Education is that it is individualized–not just in content or method, but also in order to optimally support the development of a great soul through the Phases of Learning: Core Phase; Love of Learning; Scholar Phase; Depth Phase. Each of these are essential in the development of the individual, and the lessons and methods of each is distinct. How can we harness the power of doing the right thing at the right time, in the right way? What are the consequences of forcing an unnatural or untimely process on an unprepared heart and mind?

Chapter Four: Mentoring

The George Wythe Method * The 7 Keys of Great Teaching * Apply Lessons to Life

Find a great leader in history, and you will nearly always find two central elements were present in their education: classics and mentors. A great mentor defined. The negative lessons internalized through compulsory learning. The lessons inspired through leadership education. Coming face-to-face with greatness. The 7 Keys of Great Teaching:

Classics, Not Textbooks
Mentors, Not Professors
Inspire, Not Require
Structure Time, Not Content
Quality, Not Conformity
Simplicity, Not Complexity
You, Not Them

How are the 7 Keys of Great Teaching applied?

Chapter Five: Classics

America’s National Books * Study the Classics * Six Reasons to Study the Classics * Your National Book

What are your companion books in life? A religious text? A television? Learn the powerful implications of a society’s “national book.” Learn also the Six Reasons to Study the Classics:

Classics Teach us Human Nature.
The Classics Bring us Face-to-Face with Greatness.
The Classics Take us to the Frontier to be Conquered.
The Classics Force us to Think.
The Classics Connect Us to Stories.
Our Canon Becomes Our Plot.

As we read the classics, we learn vicariously, and we become with the Hero. All great societies unfold as they explore a frontier; our next frontier lies in discovering ourselves and our missions as we experience the classics. What frontier awaits you?

Chapter Six: Great Teaching

“But How Do I Actually Do It?” * The Five Environments of Mentoring * Teaching Tips by Subject

As noted previously, great education takes place when students set out to educate themselves and follow through. This process is inspired–usually, and best, through mentors and classics. Learn the process of great education from the point of view of the student, and the teacher. This chapter also expounds on The Five Environments of Mentoring:

Tutorial
Group Discussion
Lecture
Testing
Coaching

Tips on teaching writing, reading, literature, history, math, science, foreign language, the arts and other subjects.

Chapter Seven: Thomas Jefferson Education in the Public Schools

The Recent History of Educational Reform * The Outcome of Educational Reform * The Two Myths * Putting Teachers First * DO IT

In spite of the lengthy and complex debate over how to “fix” education in America, one thing alone will make all the difference: Putting Teachers First. Trust the process: students will study when they are inspired by great teaching. Education reform through the 80′s and 90′s; the free market and non-traditional solutions: charters, vouchers, private management of public institutions, homeschool, online education. Revisiting the myths about education. How to have a Jefferson-model classroom in a formal institution.

Chapter 8: Thomas Jefferson Education at College

Four Trends Away from Founding Colleges * Back to the Future * Warning One: Pride * Warning Two: Superficiality * Warning Three: The Mundane * Searching Out a College

In 1636 Harvard was founded, starting the Founding Phase of American education. It was followed by Yale in 1701, Princeton in 1746, and William and Mary, Columbia, Brown, Rutgers and Dartmouth, among others, by 1769. These schools trained the Founding Fathers, who established this nation’s Constitution and safeguarded its freedoms. How did they do it? What has changed since then? How do we recapture the process that yields such greatness? The shift to job training and institutionalized models. A return to classical education. Warnings to graduates to stay on the path of their mission. Criteria for a leadership education at the college level.

Chapter 9: Leadership Careers

Your Career Plan * Harvard Skills * Princeton Skills * Wythe Skills * Mentors, Classics and Career Success

Education, not degrees or diplomas, will be the key to success in the coming economy. The three systems of education have different outcomes and career paths. Whatever your desired vocation, leadership education is necessary for personal fulfillment and the future of freedom. Harvard School of Law defines 10 necessary skills for the twenty-first century job market. Princeton lists the goals of undergraduate education. Students define 8 additional skills–not only for career “success,” but for life success and happiness. The combined 30 skills prepare an individual for effective leadership and relationships, to fulfill a life’s mission. Statistics on successful individuals, from the kind of books they read, to the type of marriage they have.

Chapter 10: Statesmanship: Making a Difference in Society

What is a Statesman? * The Need for Statesman * Unknown Statesmen and Stateswomen * Become a Statesman

Jefferson, Adams and Madison before the world knew their names: Were they a breed apart from us, or should we answer the call to become great as well? Statesmanship as more than a political avocation: men and women of virtue, wisdom, diplomacy and courage, who inspire greatness in others and move the cause of liberty. Where are statesmen trained? How? The Five Pillars of Statesmanship: Classics; Mentors; Simulations; Field Experience; God. Jefferson, Madison and Adams were a lot like us ten years before they stepped up to challenge the greatest empire on earth. Where will we be ten years from now?

Epilogue: A New Golden Age

Franklin pondered whether the carving on the president’s chair was a setting or a rising sun. Two centuries later, many experts and intellectuals again wonder at our future. Will the twenty-first century be America’s epilogue, or a New Golden Age? One thing is certain: Tomorrow’s leaders will determine whether the flame of freedom and prosperity lit by American Founders two hundred years ago continues to burn brightly or is extinguished. These leaders are being prepared today. Is the education of our youth up to their potential? Is it equal to the challenges before them? It is time for a new generation to get A Thomas Jefferson Education.

Appendices

A: 100 Classics
B: Classics for Children and Youth
C: Sample Discussion Questions
D: Where to Find Classics
E: Recommended Readings
F: Putting Thomas Jefferson Education to Work (A 10-Step Plan for Getting Started)

Endnotes

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Weight	0.6 lbs
Dimensions	6 × 9 × 0.5 in

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Входной контроль, тест, английский язык, 5 класс, ФГОС, учебник Вербицкой М.В. «Forward 5»

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CHAPTER OUTLINE

Chapter One: Two Towers

Chapter Two: Education Today

Chapter Three: Three Systems of Schooling

Chapter Four: Mentoring

Chapter Five: Classics

Chapter Six: Great Teaching

Chapter Seven: Thomas Jefferson Education in the Public Schools

Chapter 8: Thomas Jefferson Education at College

Chapter 9: Leadership Careers

Chapter 10: Statesmanship: Making a Difference in Society

Epilogue: A New Golden Age

Appendices

Endnotes

Additional information

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