Егэ английский war and peace - Помощь в подготовке к экзаменам и поступлению

Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок.

1.  Party dessert

2.  Outdoor game

3.  Taking care of a pet

4.  Collecting things

5.  Giving a party

6.  Party animals

7.  Fun on the way

8.  Party game

A. Ask your parents for permission to have a party. Decide what kind of party you want and whether it will be held indoors or outdoors. Send written invitations to your friends. Tell them what kind of party you are having, at what time, where, and whether or not the guests should wear costumes. Make a list of games you would like to play. Ask your mother to help you prepare refreshments. Ice cream, cake, cookies, and lemonade are good for any party.

B. This activity makes everybody laugh. Have the guests sit around the room. Choose one person to be a pussycat. The pussy must go over to a guest and do his/her best to make the guest laugh. He/she can make funny meows and walk around like a cat. The pussy goes from one guest to another until someone laughs. The first one to laugh becomes the new pussy.

C. It’s easy to make a cake from a cake mix that you get from the grocery store. You usually add only water or milk. Cake mixes come in many flavours, such as chocolate, lemon, banana, vanilla and others. When you make a cake from a mix, always follow the directions on the package carefully. Then you can be sure that your cake will turn out right and your guests will enjoy it. Many mixes have a small envelope of powdered frosting hidden inside the flour.

D. As you ride on a bus with your friends, get someone to start singing. Everyone joins in. At the first crossroad, another person starts a different song, and everyone joins in. Keep changing songs at every crossroad.

E. Looking after cats is easy. They wash themselves every day and eat almost any food. Cats like to drink milk and cream. But they need to be fed on fish, beef, liver, and other kinds of meat. They need a clean, dry bed at night. You can use a basket or a cardboard box for your cat’s bed. Cats like to play with a rubber ball or chase a string.

F. You can have a whole army of toy soldiers made of tin, wood or plastic. Some may be dressed in fancy uniforms, some may be sitting on horses. Others may be ready for battle, carrying guns and shoulder packs. You can have soldiers from other countries, or only Civil War soldiers or only modern soldiers. If you get two soldiers that are alike, trade your extra soldier with another toy soldier lover.

G. Even animals get involved in elections. The donkey and elephant have been political symbols in the USA for more than 100 years. Why? In 1828, Democrat Andrew Jackson ran for president. Critics said he was stubborn as a donkey. The donkey has been the symbol

of the Democratic Party ever since. In the 1870s, newspaper cartoonists began using the elephant to stand for the Republican Party.

Текст	A	B	C	D	E	F	G
Заголовок

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CAMBRIDGE
ENGLISH VOCABULARY IN USE ADVANCED

UNIT 44

War and peace

War
and violence

War
is often seen as a last resort¹ when relations between
states break down totally and diplomacy² and such
measures as economic sanctions³ have failed. The decision
to take military action is rarely made lightly, since even the best-planned
military operations, carried out with the benefit of the latest hi-tech weaponry⁴,
inevitably result in civilian casualties⁵. Military intervention⁶
may be carried out with the goal of regime change⁷, but
it is often the leaders of tyrannical⁸ regimes who are
the most difficult to overthrow⁹. Even more tragic than
wars between states is civil war¹⁰, which often begins
with civil unrest¹¹ and clashes¹² between
rival¹³ ethnic¹⁴ religious or political
groups, and may escalate¹⁵ into all out¹⁶
war and end in the brutal suppression¹⁷ of one group by another
or, in extreme cases, ethnic cleansing¹⁸ and massacres¹⁹.
Conflict resolution²⁰ may take years to bring into
effect, and mistrust²¹ and hatred²² between
groups within the same country may continue for many years.

¹
something you do when everything else has failed

²
activities concerning the relationships between governments

³
official orders, such as the stopping of trade, taken against a country to
make it obey international law

⁴
weapons in general / of different types

⁵
people injured or killed who are not members of the military or the police

⁶
intentionally becoming involved in a difficult situation to improve it or
stop it from getting worse

⁷
changing the government or leader of a country, especially by force

⁸
using power in a cruel way over people in a country or group

⁹
remove somebody from power using force

¹⁰ war between groups who live in the same country

¹¹ disagreement or fighting between groups

¹² fights or arguments

¹³ who compete against one another

¹⁴ national or racial

¹⁵ become greater or more serious

¹⁶ complete and total

¹⁷ violent and cruel ending of the right or freedom to do
something

¹⁸ organised attempt by one racial or political group to
completely remove from a country or area anyone who belongs to another
particular racial group, using violence to achieve this

¹⁹ the killing of large numbers of people

²⁰ finding a way to end conflict and the negative feelings
between groups

²¹ lack or absence of trust

²² feeling of intense dislike

Other words and expressions relating
to war and peace

Powerful
West African rulers waged war on their neighbours in the 19th century.
[fought a war against] Hostilities finally ceased after five years of
bloodshed. [acts of war]

The
invading army besieged the city. [attacked by surrounding it for a
period of time (noun = siege)]

The
patrol was ambushed on a remote highway. [attacked unexpectedly from
secret positions
(noun = ambush)]

The
two armies signed a truce in 2016. [agreement during a war to stop
fighting for a time]

A
ceasefire was declared in 2015. [agreement between two armies or
groups to stop fighting]

A
peacekeeping force entered the country in 2016. [neutral soldiers who
keep the peace in a divided society]

International
observers monitored the ceasefire. [outside,
neutral people or body]

The
rebels fought a long campaign against the dictatorship. The rebellion
lasted ten years before the dictator was defeated. [planned group of
military activities] [people fighting against their government]

A
suicide bomber killed 25 people at a military base yesterday. [person
who lets off explosives, deliberately killing themselves in the process]

Metaphors of warfare

The
government is waging war on drink-driving.

Paparazzi
are besieging the star’s Hollywood home.

A
major advertising campaign was planned to launch the new cosmetics
range.

Several
companies are battling to win market supremacy in sales of
smartphones.

We
have a major fight on our hands if we are to save the company from
bankruptcy.

A
fleet of bullet-proof cars followed the President’s limousine. [a fleet
normally consists of a large number of ships]

EXERCISES

44.1

Fill
the gaps with words from A opposite.

1
When _______________ and economic _______________ had failed, the Cabinet
voted to take military action.

2
Occasional violence between the _______________
two groups eventually into all- _______________ civil war.

3
The government forces were accused of carrying out ethnic _______________ by
executing members of the rival tribe.

4
During the war, a _______________ occurred in a village near the border.
Some 150 women and children were shot by enemy troops.

5
The war brought about _______________ change. The former dictator was _______________
and forced to flee from the country.

6
The process of conflict _______________ was successful and the country has
now been at peace for ten years.

7
War should always be a last _______________ when all other avenues have
been explored.

8
There were many civilian _______________ as a result of the bombing raid.

9
There were violent _______________ between police and demonstrators in the
capital city.

10
The armed forces moved a large amount of _______________ to the
battlefront, including tanks, artillery and missile launchers.

44.2

Replace
the underlined words using an appropriate form of the word in brackets.

1
The irrational dislike of people of other ethnic groups is one of
the root causes of conflict. (hate)

2
The involvement of the United Nations in the situation helped to
restore peace. (intervene)

3
The political groups that opposed one another finally negotiated a
peace agreement. (rival)

4
The general was a cruel and violent dictator who ruled for 18 years.
(Brute)

5
There had been a longstanding feeling of not trusting each other
between the two tribes. (trust)

6
The fight against the government began in 2010. (rebel)

44.3

Choose
a word from the box to complete the sentences below, using an appropriate
form.

ambush	observers	truce	suicide	wage
siege	peacekeeping	campaign	ceasefire

1
A ___________ bomber disguised as a police officer killed 15 people in an
attack today.

2
The UN sent in a ___________ force to keep the two sides in the civil war
apart.

3
A convoy of lorries was ___________ by enemy soldiers in a remote valley
yesterday.

4
International ___________ monitored the election and concluded that it had
been fair.

5
The government has ___________ war on the drug cartels for the last ten
years.

6
The ___________ of the city lasted six months before the enemy troops were
pushed back.

7
After a year of fighting, the two sides agreed to a ___________ to enable
peace negotiations to start. (two possible answers)

8
The army fought a long ___________ to free the country from the enemy
forces.

44.4

Match
the sentence beginnings on the left with the endings on the right.

1	The President was besieged	a	advertising campaign to launch the new phone.
2	Our team is battling	b	war on child poverty.
3	He had a fight on	c	fleet of white limousines.
4	The company planned a major	d	by reporters as she stepped out of her car.
5	The government set out to wage	e	to reach the semi-finals.
6	The band arrived in a	f	his hands to convince everyone he was right.

ANSWER KEY

44.1

1 diplomacy, sanctions

2 escalated, out

3 cleansing

4 massacre

5 regime, overthrown

6 resolution

7 resort

8 casualties

9 clashes

10 weaponry

44.2

1 Irrational
hatred of people of other ethnic groups is one of the root causes of
conflict.

2 The intervention of the United Nations in the situation helped
to restore peace.

3 The rival political groups finally negotiated a peace
agreement.

4 The general was a brutal dictator who ruled for
18 years.

5 There had been a longstanding mistrust between the two
tribes.

6 The rebellion began in 2010.

44.3

1 suicide

2 peacekeeping

3 ambushed

4 observers

5 waged

6 siege

7 truce / ceasefire

8 campaign

44.4

1 d 2 e 3 f 4 a 5 b 6 c

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54 месяца назад

Complete the sentences using with or by. 1) The novel «War and Peace» was written … Leo Tolstoy. 2) Ice cream is usually

eaten … teaspoons. 3) «The Girl with Peaches» was painted … Valentin Serov. 4) A lot of new medical instruments were invented … Russian engineers. 5) The lemon must be sliced … a sharp knife. 6) Our picture was taken … his new camera. 7) Old wooden churches were built … axes Can you give a title of any story that was created … Anton Checkov? 9) The big tree was cut down … Jim, our old servant. 10) Women’s dresses are usually made … dress- makers.

1) The novel «War and Peace» was written by Leo Tolstoy. 2) Ice cream is usually eaten with teaspoons. 3) «The Girl with Peaches» was painted by Valentin Serov. 4) A lot of new medical instruments were invented by Russian engineers. 5) The lemon must be sliced with a sharp knife. 6) Our picture was taken with his new camera. 7) Old wooden churches were built with axes. Can you give a title of any story that was created by Anton Checkov? 9) The big tree was cut down by Jim, our old servant. 10) Women’s dresses are usually made by dress-makers.

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