English is important for career development егэ ответы

Список примерных тем эссе в ЕГЭ по английскому языку в 2020 году (подобран в соответствиями с требованиями Кодификатора ФИПИ).

Everyday life. Shopping. Household chores

• Shopping is interesting and enjoyable.
• Shopping malls have advantages over small shops.
• Our lives would be better if we bought fewer goods.
• Online shopping will replace traditional shopping in the future.
• Clothes help people show who they really are.
• It is logical to share the housework evenly between men and women.
• Children should help their parents about the house.
• Many people regard shopping as a hobby.
• It is important to look nice and follow fashion.
• Clothes people are wearing can influence their behaviour.

Life in the city
and in the country

• There are more disadvantages than advantages in living in a big city.
• There are a lot of benefits of living in the country.
• Some people think that cities are the best places to live.
• It is better for children to grow up in the city.
• It is important to protect the countryside and not build factories
  there.
• Some people think that city life is harder.

Family problems. Friends. Problems of young people

• Some people think that you can have only one true friend.
• It’s not right to be strict with little children.
• The best time is that spent with family and friends.
• Show me your room and I will tell you who you are.
• Friendship is the greatest gift of life.
• Having friends is important for everyone.
• Love makes a person happy.
• Only those who have much in common can become friends.
• Grandparents should take an active part in their grandchildren’s
  upbringing.
• Adult children should not live with their parents.

Travelling and
sightseeing

• Travelling in your own country is the best way to learn about it.
• One should read about historical sites before sightseeing.
• Tourism ruins everything that it touches.
• Hitchhiking is the best way to travel.
• School trips are beneficial for students.
• Cars have improved our lives in a number of ways.
• Travelling to exotic countries is an exciting experience.
• The best way to travel is by plane.
• The best way to travel in a town or in a city is on foot.
• The best way to travel is by train.

Science and
technology

• Virtual Internet communication results in losing real-life social
  skills.
• Internet is the greatest time-waster.
• Computers cannot replace people.
• Space exploration was the greatest achievement of the 20th century.
• The Internet is the biggest evil of our time.
• Robots will soon replace people in all jobs.
• Science is the first thing to be financed in the modern world.
• It is easy to live without the Internet.
• With the Internet we no longer need TV.
• Space exploration is very important for the future of our planet.

Jobs. Career. Future profession

• Some people think that young people should follow in their parents’
  footsteps when choosing a profession.
• In any occupation discipline is more important than talent.
• There are no men’s or women’s professions.
• Everybody would like to work from home.
• An early choice of a career path is the key to success.
• An interesting job is more valuable than a high salary.
• Digital literacy is the key to success in any occupation.
• Having jobs can be of great benefit to teenagers.
• There is no difficulty in finding a good job.
• It is better to work for themselves than for a company.

Holidays and
celebrations

• The best holidays and festivals are those with specific traditions for
  celebrating.
• Public celebrations are a waste of money.
• Traditional festivals and celebrations are disappearing.
• A holiday is just a day off.
• Studying knows no holidays.
• Summer holidays in the countryside are best for teenagers.
• It is better for teenagers celebrate all holidays with family.

Hobbies

• Having a hobby is important for everyone.         
• Volunteering is essential for teenagers.
• Playing computer games is the best way to spend your free time.
• Reading is a waste of time.
• Collecting things is a waste of time and money.
• Teenagers should not be given too much time.
• Rap music has a bad influence on teenagers.
• Public libraries will disappear in the future.
• Electronic books will replace paper books in the future.
• Graffiti is vandalism.

Health. Healthy lifestyle

• Fast food outlets should be closed.
• Some people think that extreme sports help to build character.
• Sports help people to fight stress.
• Sport unites people.
• Playing sports is better than watching others do it.
• Doing sports is essential for young people.
• Children should be encouraged to go in for sports.
• Physical attractiveness is important for everyone.
• Fast food has a bad effect on our health.
• There are many benefits of being a vegetarian.

Education. Languages

• Some people think that to get a good education one should go abroad.
• Some people think that learning foreign languages is a waste of time and
  money.
• A person who is fluent in a foreign language can easily work as an
  interpreter.
• A person who is fluent in a foreign language can easily teach it.
• Exams motivate students to study harder.
• Distance learning is the best form of education.
• A pupil cannot study effectively without a computer.
• A computer cannot replace a teacher.     
• Education is the most valuable thing for a teenager.
• University education is essential for young people.

Nature. Ecology
problems

• Every city and every town should have a zoo.
• It is the government’s responsibility to protect the environment.
• Some people object to animal testing.
• It is important to recycle wastes.
• Going green has a lot of benefits.
• Virtual pets can replace real pets.
• Damage to the environment is the biggest problem facing the world.
• Governments spend too much time on environmental projects.
• Global warming is the biggest threat to the environment.
• Restricting air travel is the only way to reduce air pollution.

Для тех, кто хочет максимально эффективно подготовиться к ЕГЭ по английскому языку:

Методичка: “Примерные темы и аргументы для эссе (с лексикой)”

Методичка: “Фразовые глаголы”

Курс эссе

Репетитор

Удачи на экзамене!

2

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А—G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

A Mary’s new job takes up a lot of time and energy.

B Mary has no time to go to parties.

C Peter felt his salary in the company was too low.

D Peter left his job because he had no promotion prospects.

E Peter sent out his resume to nearly twenty companies.

F Peter wouldn’t mind working in another city.

G Mary advises Peter to speak to people with the same problems.

Вы услышите рассказ писателя о своём увлечении музыкой. В заданиях 3—9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

3

The narrator says that his musical career
1) changed its direction at the age of 11.
2) started roughly 30 years ago.
3) began after he had sung a song with his father.
Ответ: .

4

When the narrator was almost 40,
1) he was already performing in public.
2) he had learned to sing the parts of ‘Bohemian Rhapsody’.
3) he felt a desire to start playing music.
Ответ: .

5

When the narrator got a mandolin, he

Ответ: .

6

The narrator enjoyed playing the mandolin because
1) he was able to master difficult chords.
2) he was composing music.
3) he was able to relax after his everyday work.
Ответ: .

7

The narrator went to the jam camp because
1) he wanted to perform in public.
2) he would like to speak to Dr. Banjo.
3) he was offered the easiest way to improve his skills.
Ответ: .

8

In the camp the narrator learned that
1) to play songs he should know forty basic chords.
2) to grow as a musician he should possess certain qualities and abilities.
3) he could become a perfect mandolin player if he practises a lot.
Ответ: .

9

When the narrator came back home last week, he was pleased because
1) Ruth had started taking music lessons.
2) his friends and relatives showed their interest in music.
3) Los Angeles was a different place.
Ответ: .

Раздел 2. ЧТЕНИЕ

10

Установите соответствие между заголовками 1—8 и текстами A—G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

A. The first thing that a good speaker does is looks at the audience and takes a pause before beginning his speech. This helps to create a good impression on the audience. Throughout the speech, the speaker should maintain eye contact with the listeners, otherwise they will feel that they are being ignored and it is quite likely that they also ignore whatever he is trying to convey.

B. Proper variation in emotion and tempo of the voice improves the quality of performance. Accurate pronunciation of words with due stresses wherever required must be done. One more important thing while communicating is that your voice must be clear and loud enough for the audience to hear it. A loud voice can be a strong point for being an effective speaker.

C. Concentrate on your ideas and do not get distracted by the activities performed by the audience, for example, smiling or whispering. To make your communication successful get the clue about the listeners and their interests. Think over the age, sex and background of the people. See whether the audience is patient enough to handle you for hours. Check out if they are friendly or hostile.

D. Facial expressions reveal what thoughts are running through a person’s mind. So while communicating, make sure that your facial expressions reveal your interest for the subject on which you are communicating. The body movements while speaking must coordinate with your convincing power. They must add to the things which are more effectively caught visually than verbally.

E. If you are trying to improve your own communication, concentrate on ways to make your nonverbal signals match the level of formality necessitated by the situation. Some situations require more formal behaviour that might be interpreted very differently in any other setting. So when you are communicating with others, always take into account the situation in which the communication occurs.

F. Don’t be afraid to pause and breathe. Listeners need time to reflect on what you are saying. Just like we need ‘white space’ and punctuation on the written page, we need pauses when we speak. Talking non-stop is a huge drawback. Having the confidence to pause for a few seconds in between sentences commands attention rather than diverts it.

G. The appearance plays an important role in presenting ourselves to society. The people who wear clothes suitable to their body structure look attractive. A person’s physical appearance creates a definite impact on the communication process. Our clothes should not be too modern for the people whom we are interacting with. However, they should be able to create a positive impression on them.

11

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A—F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

Ever wonder A ____________? There’s actually quite a bit of science going on behind the scenes, with several components working together to bring you that digital-quality signal.

Your channel selection begins with the programming sources themselves. Companies like Showtime, HBO or Cinemax create their programming. Channel providers then purchase rights to this programming B ____________. Once a provider has their programming in place, they turn their attention to the broadcast centre to compress and convert the programming for satellite broadcast.

Your Dish Network Programming originally arrives as a digital stream of video, which is then compressed and converted through an encoder, typically using the MPEG2 format. This format reduces the overall size of the video, C ____________.

Once encoded, the video is then encrypted D ____________. After the video has been encrypted, it is sent to the provider’s satellite, strategically positioned in the sky.

The satellite itself uses a dish similar to your own satellite dish, to receive the video and send it back down to Earth. When the satellite sends the signal back down to Earth, it is picked up by your satellite dish, a small round antenna that receives the satellite’s broadcast and sends the video on to your satellite TV receiver.

The satellite TV receiver is that little black box that sits inside your home and allows you to choose E ____________. The receiver actually performs several important functions in the satellite viewing process, including the decryption of the signal itself. If you remember, the satellite signal was scrambled by the provider to protect it from un-paying consumers. Your receiver ‘de-scrambles’ that signal and converts the signal into a format F ____________. Together these amazing components create a vividly clear digital picture for over 200 satellite channels.

1. which channel you want to watch
2. including a power source and a computer system
3. so that the broadcast can only be viewed by paying subscribers
4. so that they can broadcast the shows via satellite
5. how your satellite TV system works
6. making it possible for a satellite to broadcast hundreds of channels at the same time
7. that your television can handle

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Jonte faced playtime with mixed feelings. When the bell rang, the others would rush into the open air, laughing and chattering. He felt left out. Yet these were also times he enjoyed. He could daydream about how things might have been.

Sometimes, though, he would watch the play not directly, that would have been impossible but on the big screen in one of the classrooms. Cheering on his friends made him feel part of the action. Even through the screens, however, watching for long often made his eyes hurt. Sunlight reflected strongly off the silvery turf, and even more from the trees around the ground. Players in motion trailed flashes of light which left black spots in his vision.

It was during a tense game that the summons came through. The shelter Principal, no less, wanted him at once in his office. Jonte uttered a mild swearword, though realising that he had already been watching too long — his head was aching. He made his way to the admin sector, signalled his arrival and went in. The Principal was behind his desk directly opposite the door. He was a small man, with metallic black hair cut short, silver-grey hands in constant fidgety motion and an expression of perpetual irritation. He waved in the direction of a chair placed in front of the desk.

But to Jonte’s surprise, there were several other people in the office. It was difficult at first to see them all clearly: not only had the effects of watching the match still to wear off, but the lighting was poor. Perhaps the Principal had only remembered at the last minute to close the heavy shutters and switch on a lamp.

As his vision returned, Jonte’s surprise grew. The six men and two women, who sat in a half circle to one side, judging by their job tags, were senior… very senior. Four were from the administration. The two women and the other two men seemed to be scientists from different research bodies.

Jonte was used to the fact that other people were inscrutable. He would have been able to tell from gazing in a mirror into his own eyes, with their blue irises surrounding dark pupils, how he was feeling, even if he hadn’t known yet. But other people’s eyes were silver discs, giving away nothing. He could sometimes see from the rest of their faces whether they were happy or sad, smiling or frowning; but their skin reflected the light, so that he could never be quite sure. From the way they were sitting, he thought, the visitors seemed anxious.

‘Jonte’, the Principal said, ‘these people have a favour to ask, and I hope you can help them. Please sit down.’ Jonte’s surprise grew. What possible favour could these people want from someone like him? ‘I’ll help if I can’, he said.

‘You know,’ the Principal went on, ‘that you have had to grow up here because going outside would be dangerous. Your body wouldn’t be able to withstand the radiation, even at night-time. Ordinary people are born with protection; but in your case…’

‘So you see’, one of the women interjected quickly, ‘you are really a very interesting young man. We want you to let us get to know you better.’

‘The people here,’ the Principal resumed, ‘are from the government’s science and research council. They would like to take you to one of their centres in the south, where the facilities are supposed to be better than we can provide. ’

‘But I’m quite happy here,’ Jonte felt he should say. ‘My friends…’

‘… and in any case,’ the Principal insisted a trifle sourly, ‘you wouldn’t be able to stay much longer. The shelter is being closed down.’

Jonte took this in. ‘So when do I have to go?’ he asked.

‘If you can pack your things together quickly,’ one of the men replied, ‘we should like to move you this evening … say in an hour. Is that all right?’

An hour! The suddenness of it all puzzled Jonte. His condition had been known from the moment he had been born when his parents so he had been told had handed him over for special care. But it also excited him. Apart from a short journey when he had been much younger to a medical centre, he could not remember ever having left the shelter. He didn’t really have much to pack anyway.

(Adapted from ‘Fear No More’ by George Anthony)

12

When his friends rushed into the open air during playtime, Jonte felt

Ответ: .

13

When the summons came through, Jonte was
1) glad that he was able to have a rest.
2) annoyed that he had to stop watching the game.
3) eager to know what had happened.
4) in a hurry.
Ответ: .

14

The people in the Principal’s office were all

Ответ: .

15

In paragraph 6 the word ‘inscrutable’ means

Ответ: .

16

Jonte had to grow up in the shelter because
1) he was an orphan.
2) the world outside the shelter was dangerous.
3) his body was unable to withstand high temperature.
4) he would not manage to survive in the open air.
Ответ: .

17

The people offered to take Jonte to one of their centres because
1) Jonte was not quite happy here.
2) it was well equipped.
3) the Principal didn’t want Jonte to stay in the shelter.
4) the shelter could not provide good education for Jonte.
Ответ: .

18

Jonte was surprised because

Ответ: .

Раздел 3. ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19—25.

Обратите внимание, что по правилам ЕГЭ ответы нужно писать без пробелов и других знаков, например, правильный ответ ‘have done’ нужно будет записать как ‘havedone’, иначе ваш ответ не засчитается.

Choosing a Career

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26—31, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26—31.

Edinburgh

Edinburgh is one of the most written-about cities on earth. Built on ancient volcanoes and first established because of its secure and

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32—38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32—38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

The Archipelago

In the remote southern seas there is a cluster of islands. Each island is inhabited by a different race of people. Although physically they look alike, you can tell them 32____ by their styles of dress and their distinctive dialects. Each island has its own unique form of architecture. The only similarity between them is that each race builds in a manner that is 33____ odds with the environment. On rocky hillsides there are wooden huts and in wooded valleys you can see towns of brick. Arid uplands are irrigated and planted with leafy gardens, whereas, on fertile plains, the parks are paved with stone. 34____ their differences, the islanders coexist peacefully. There is rivalry over certain fishing waters but it rarely 35____ to more than a few heated exchanges.

At the centre of the archipelago, perhaps in the most favoured spot of all, lies an island that has been deserted for many generations. It looks very different from the rest: darker, taller, silent. There is no obvious reason 36____ its abandonment as it has good soil and plenty of freshwater.

Long ago, it was inhabited by farmers and fishermen much like everywhere else in the archipelago, but everything changed when they started building the first wall. As soon as it was finished a second circle of battlements began to rise from the centre, slightly narrower than the one before, so that from faraway the island 37____ an enormous wedding cake.

Nobody can explain why the wall was started but there are many theories as to why it was never finished. Some say that so many had perished during its construction, that no one dared halt the work and thereby admit that it had all been in vain. Others claim that the builders simply 38____ out of materials. But one thing is certain, the predicted threat never arrived and the people at the centre of the archipelago had, quite simply, bricked themselves in.

32

Ответ: .

33

Ответ: .

34

Ответ: .

35

Ответ: .

36

Ответ: .

37

Ответ: .

38

Ответ: .

Ваш результат: пока 0.

            

В этом разделе мы собрали аргументы, подкрепляющие идеи для самых популярных эссе по английскому языку ЕГЭ. Сосредоточение только на второй и третьей части сочинения поможет быстрее ознакомиться с возможными аргументами, поддерживающими вашу точку зрения. Очень часто ученик, даже хорошо владеющий языком, не может найти подходящие аргументы подкрепляющие его высказывания. Ознакомившись с нашими вариантами ответов, вы пополните свою «базу аргументов«, что облегчит написание второй части письменного задания С2.

Ответы составлены по определенной структуре «утверждение-пример», что облегчает написание эссе. Чтобы не потерять фокус и полностью раскрыть тему сочинения, мы советуем, перед тем как вы приступите к сочинению, составить «пару» — суть сочинения и подумать о синонимах релевантных заданной теме.

Вербицкая М.В., 2019 год
 
Вербицкая М.В.

The weather affects the way people feel and behave. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: affects – does not not 

Синонимы: Influence / impact / effect / mood / act / behavior / feelings 

Read by George William Dole

Digital literacy is the key to success in any occupation <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: the key – not important 

Синонимы: essential / crucial / computer / skills / ignorance / profession 

Read by George William Dole

Education is the most important possession a person can have <<<< всё сочинение

Пара:  Education- family 

Синонимы: key to success / treasure / valuable thing / attribute

Read by George William Dole

One should read about historical sites before sightseeing <<<< всё сочинение

Пара:  should – should not

Синонимы: Study / learn / important places

Read by George William Dole

Creative hobbies help to cope with stress <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: yes, helps – does not help 

Синонимы: Interesting / allow / interests / fight / handle 

Read by George William Dole

Friendship is the greatest gift of life <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: friendship – money  

Синонимы: Position / valuable thing

Read by George William Dole

Music is something that distracts people from daily routine <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: distracts – doesn’t distract 

Синонимс: Melody / makes another focus / dull work / regular things

Read by George William Dole

Following fashion trends is a waste of time and money <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: waste – is not waste 

Синонимы: To be fashionable / killing time / slander money 

Read by George William Dole

An early choice of a career path is the key to success <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: the earlier the better – the later the better 

Синонимы: Major / specialty / efficiently / effectively / bachelor’s degree / related field

Read by George William Dole

It’s better to read a book rather than watch its screen version <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: read books – movies 

Синонимы: Film / movie / imagination / perception

Read by George William Dole

A person who is fluent in a foreign language can easily work as an interpreter <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: can work – can not work 

Синонимы: Bilingual / good at 

Read by George William Dole

Some people think that Russian is easier to learn than English <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: Russian is easier – English is easier 

Синонимы: Endings / prefixes / pronouns 

Read by George William Dole

Clothes people are wearing can influence their behavior <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: influences – doesn’t influence 

Синонимы: Impact / way to behave 

Read by George William Dole

High school students should study only the subjects they choose <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: subjects they choose – compulsory subjects 

Синонимы: Learn / major / specialty / efficiency

Read by George William Dole

Every city and every town should have a zoo <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: should – should not 

Синонимы: Entertainment / protect / extinct

Read by George William Dole

Childhood is the safest period of human life <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: safest – dangerous 

Синонимы: Babyhood / infancy / protect / take care 

Read by George William Dole

Internet is the greatest time-waster <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: time waste – educational

Синонимы: Time killer / time consumer / time saver 

Read by George William Dole

The circus is the best entertainment for children <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: circus – movies

Синонимы: Kids / entertaining / 

Read by George William Dole

Exams motivate students to study harder <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: motivate – do not motivate

Синонимы: Tests / inspire/ better / more seriously 

Read by George William Dole

It’s easier to make friends than to keep them <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: motivate – do not motivate

Синонимы: Make / harder / more difficult / 

Read by George William Dole

Упражнение на грамматическое преобразование слов. Рекомендуем всем, кто готовится к сдачи ЕГЭ по английскому языку.

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами, однокоренные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста.

ЗаданиеОтвет

The history of English

English came about in England’s Anglo-Saxon kingdoms and what is now the south-eastern part of Scotland. Following extensive ( INFLUENCE ) of the United Kingdom and Great Britain throughout the British Empire from the seventeenth to the mid-twentieth centuries, the language ( PROPAGATE ) widely around the world.

Old English is the collective term for the fusion of closely related dialects resulted in English. Germanic settlers who ( SETTLE ) on Great Britain’s eastern coast spoke this language, which at the time was called Anglo-Saxon.

Ultimately, this was from the Schleswig-Holstein or what used to be the Angeln ancestral region. Influence also came from the Viking invasions in the ninth and tenth ( CENTURY ).

English is important for career development

In an article, The Economist noted that more and more global com panies ( ADOPT ) English as their main language. It is also worth noting that English is being adopted by international companies from countries that don’t speak English to become the official language, ( REPLACE ) their own native language.

Hiroshi Mikitani of the Rakuten Group in Japan is one example. As the operator of the chain Uniqlo, he made his entire staff learn English and once made a warning to fire or at the very least, demote those who were not very fluent. Mikitani ( HOLD ) the belief that the language of English helps in promoting attributes such as creativity and free thinking among employees.

The history of English

English came about in England’s Anglo-Saxon kingdoms and what is now the south-eastern part of Scotland. Following extensive INFLUENCES of the United Kingdom and Great Britain throughout the British Empire from the seventeenth to the mid-twentieth centuries, the language HAS BEEN PROPAGATED widely around the world.

Old English is the collective term for the fusion of closely related dialects resulted in English. Germanic settlers who SETTLED on Great Britain’s eastern coast spoke this language, which at the time was called Anglo-Saxon.

Ultimately, this was from the Schleswig-Holstein or what used to be the Angeln ancestral region. Influence also came from the Viking invasions in the ninth and tenth CENTURIES.

English is important for career development

In an article, The Economist noted that more and more global com panies HAVE ADOPTED English as their main language. It is also worth noting that English is being adopted by international companies from countries that don’t speak English to become the official language, REPLACING their own native language.

Hiroshi Mikitani of the Rakuten Group in Japan is one example. As the operator of the chain Uniqlo, he made his entire staff learn English and once made a warning to fire or at the very least, demote those who were not very fluent. Mikitani HOLDS the belief that the language of English helps in promoting attributes such as creativity and free thinking among employees.