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Источник
Surviving an avalanche

Surviving an avalanche was not on Thomas’s list of things to do in life. A thrill-seeker of epic proportions, he had jumped from a helicopter to ski remote mountain slopes and traversed half of Antarctica on a cross-country skiing adventure. If only his wisdom of doing things in packs hadn’t failed him on the day of his accident.

He had ventured out alone before, and in any case, most of the ski ranges around his mountain home were littered with forest rangers whose job was to help stranded hikers. So a solo trip by an experienced skier wasn’t the most dangerous of adventures.

Every seasoned skier is aware of both the risks and the joys involved with skiing off-piste. It’s a different experience from the snow that’s been packed down into hard ice by the hundreds of other skiers who have already crossed over it. Movements occur almost in slow-motion as the skier glides in and out of the piles of powder. It’s an exhausting challenge that requires effort from the skier’s whole body, but a unique one that hooks a skier after just one run.

Thomas even had special equipment for this particular type of skiing. His well-worn pair of traditional skis wouldn’t be sufficient, so he’d expended an extra two hundred pounds on a wider set of blades especially made for skiing in powder.

And it wasn’t as if safety was the last thing on his mind. He’d brought his avalanche kit in case of emergencies. He wore an airbag that would help to keep him near the surface if he pulled the cord in time, and another device which would assist him with breathing under snow. The rescue service’s number was programmed into his mobile phone, and his avalanche transceiver – which emits an emergency signal – was equipped with fully-charged batteries.

Thomas’s run that day was in familiar territory. He had always skied with a trusted ski buddy, with never an incident to report. Perhaps he had been lulled into a false sense of security. In fact, he had intended to ski with a friend that morning. When his friend couldn’t make it, Thomas considered not going himself, but the snow on the mountain had fallen just the night before, and the lure was too intense.

His run was a wide, bare track of slope nestled between two pine forests – a real skier’s delight, and quite popular with the locals as well.

They say an avalanche is like a sleeping giant, waiting to be woken up by even the slightest of nudges. Thomas gave this giant more than a nudge – he skied right over it and before he knew it, he was skiing on top of it as it slid down the mountain along with him. And if you ski on top of the giant’s mouth, it’s likely to swallow you whole.

As Thomas sank beneath powder, through his acute panic he managed to pull the cord on his airbag. The roar of the giant fell silent seconds later, and from beneath the snow it was as if morning had turned to night. Thomas tried to reach his phone, but his arm might as well have been cast in concrete. Lying still, his panic slowly shifting to an eerie peacefulness, he did his best to keep his chin up. He even began to enjoy the dark solitude, even though he knew he might never be found. Luckily for him, the giant had caught the attention of others, and the transceiver was doing the job it was designed to do.

1. What are the ‘packs’ that the author refers to in the first paragraph?
1) Types of snow.
2) Regions or areas.
3) Groups of people.
4) Ski manoeuvres.

2. Why didn’t Thomas think his solo ski run would be very risky?
1) There were personnel to help in case of trouble.
2) He wasn’t aware of the potential dangers.
3) He had been on more dangerous ski adventures.
4) He believed powder to be easier to ski on than packed ice.

3. Skiers who ski on powder for the first time …
1) often never do it again.
2) find it to be relaxing.
3) fall in love with the experience.
4) often get stuck in the snow.

4. What is true about Thomas’s avalanche kit?
1) The airbag would help him breathe.
2) The airbag would inflate automatically.
3) He had an emergency number written down.
4) Some items required electric power to function.

5. Why did Thomas particularly want to ski that day?
1) It was pre-arranged with his friend.
2) He wanted to ski alone.
3) The area was beautiful.
4) The weather conditions were ideal.

6. An avalanche is compared to a sleeping giant because …
1) it’s not usually dangerous.
2) it can quickly spring into life.
3) it’s a huge spectacle.
4) it can easily kill people.

7. The expression ‘keep his chin up’ in the last paragraph means …
1) stay positive.
2) keep breathing.
3) raise his head.
4) avoid making movements.

Источник

Practice Test 19

ЧАСТЬ 2 – ЧТЕНИЕ

In the first paragraph, the author implies that Jack is someone who

14

A15

1

is careless with his possessions.

2

always expects the worst.

3

learns from experience.

4

is quite forgetful.

In

the second paragraph, we learn that Jack

15

A16

1

didn’t go fishing very often.

2

didn’t take fishing very seriously.

3

had taught himself how to fish.

4

had only recently taken up fishing.

A1716

‘them’ (line 6, paragraph three) refers to Jack’s

1

week-day evenings.

2

work colleagues.

3

flatmates.

4

fishing trips.

A1817

When the writer says in paragraph four that Jack was ‘put out’ by his flatmates’ jokes,

it means he was

1

puzzled.

2

encouraged.

3

annoyed.

4

amused.

In paragraph five, the writer suggests that Jack

A1918

1

doubted the quality of his poems.

2

had been discouraged by others’ opinions of his poems.

3

didn’t really care what others thought of his poems.

4

dreamt of publishing a book of poems.

A2019

When the writer says that Jack ‘had high hopes’ in paragraph six, he means that he

1

thought he might be disappointed by his trip.

2

was looking forward to a relaxing afternoon.

3

felt that he would achieve a lot that day.

4

felt that his afternoon would improve his mood.

A2120

The writer suggests that Jack was having difficulty writing because

1

the day was too hot.

2

he got distracted by reading old poems.

3

he lacked inspiration.

4

he was more focused on fishing.

153

ЧАСТЬ 3 – ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА Practice Test 19

1Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, сло& ва, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номера& ми B4–B10, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B10.

B5

will be

B6

Have you got

B7

has been waiting

B8

picking

B9 hadn’t been driving

B10

will leave

2 Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В11–B16, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответ& ствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В11–В16.

Chess

Chess is a fun and 8) B11

challenging

board game played between two players. To

beat an opponent, a player has to move their chess pieces on a chequered board in order to try to capture their opponent’s king.

This is not a new game. It has been played competitively since the 16th century. The first official

chess

B129)

competition

was held in Madrid in 1560 and was won by a priest,

Father Ruy

Lopez de Segura. Centuries later, in 1886, the first official World Chess

Championship

took place.

10) …………………………

B13

Russia has a long history with the game of chess. In fact, Russia has produced more chess

champions than any other country. The most 11)B14

amazing

of these players

is Garry Kasparov. He holds the record for the most victories won in a row by any chess player.

In 1989, he even played against

a chess playing computer Deep Thought. He won

easily

12)B15

fortunate

.

However, he wasn’t so

13)B16

in 1997 when he lost against a newer

computer, Deep Blue.

Despite this, Kasparov still remains the best player in the history of Chess.

CHALLENGE

COMPETE

CHAMPION

AMAZE

EASY FORTUNE

154

Practice Test 19

ЧАСТЬ 3 – ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА

3Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22–А28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям A22–A28, в которых представлены возмож& ные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.

The First Mobile Phone

On April 3, 1972, a man came out of the Hilton Hotel in New York, USA, and started walking

……..14)A22

the street. He stopped,

15)A23……..

a strange object against his ear and started talking into it. The man was Martin Cooper, General Manager of a major

communications company, and he was making the world’s first telephone call on a mobile phone, nicknamed ‘the shoe’ because

of its unusual 16)A24…….. .

The reason Mr Cooper had gone to New York was to 17)A25…….. the new phone. The call he made was to Joe Engel who worked at a rival company. Engel was responsible 18)A26…….. the development of radiophones for cars. “I said that I was talking on a real mobile phone that I was holding in my hand,” Cooper reported. “I don’t remember what he said in 19)A27…….., but I’m sure he wasn’t happy.”

The quality of the call made that day was very good, because although New York had only one base station at the 20)A28…….., it was being used by only one user — Martin Cooper!

A22

1

to

2

by

3

down

4

through

A23

1

held

2

pulled

3

caught

4

kept

A24

1

build

2

pattern

3

model

4

shape

A25

1

introduce

2

welcome

3

insert

4

begin

A26

1

for

2

of

3

about

4

to

A27

1

explanation

2

reply

3

answer

4

reaction

A28

1

occasion

2

point

3

moment

4

time

ЧАСТЬ 4 – ПИСЬМО

C11 You have received a letter from your English speaking pen friend Jamie who writes:

… I just got a new computer for my birthday. I’m so excited about it! How about you – do you have a computer? What do you use computers for? What other high tech gadget would you like to have?

My latest news is that I’ve broken my arm …

Write a letter to Jamie. In your letter ● answer her questions

● ask 3 questions about her broken arm Write 100 140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.

C22 Comment on the following statement.

“Living in a city has many disadvantages. Living in the country also brings its own share of problems.”

What is your opinion? Would you rather live in the city or the country? Write 200 250 words.

Use the following plan:

●write an introduction (state the problem/topic)

●express your personal opinion and give reasons for it

●give arguments for the other point of view and explain why you don’t agree with it

●draw a conclusion

155

ЧАСТЬ 1 – АУДИРОВАНИЕ

Practice Test 20

1 Вы услышите высказывания шести людей о различной еде. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего 1–6 и утверж дениями, данными в списке A–G. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозна ченное буквой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение.

Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу B1.

A I don’t have this food often because I know I shouldn’t.

B Preparing and eating this food relaxes me.

C I don’t like this food as much as most other people do.

D I only recently discovered this food.

E I eat too much of this food.

F I’ve changed my mind about this food.

G This food brings back happy memories for me.

1

2

3

4

5

6

B1 A

C

G

D

F

B

2Вы услышите беседу двух друзей об игре на музыкальных инструментах. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А1–А7 соответствуют содержанию текста (1– True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положи тельного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Вы услышите запись дважды. Обведите правильный ответ.

A17

Tim was advised not to learn to play the violin.

1

True

2

False

3

Not stated

Tim thought learning to play the violin would be easy.

A28

1

True

2

False

3

Not stated

A39 Chloe plays the piano really well.

1 True 2 False 3 Not stated

A410 Tim’s parents made him start having music lessons.

1 True

2 False

3 Not stated

A511 Chloe did not like her music teacher.

1

True

2

False

3

Not stated

Tim doesn’t think that he practises

a lot.

A612

1

True

2

False

3

Not stated

Tim’s ambition is to join an orchestra.

A713

1

True

2

False

3

Not stated

156

Practice Test 20

ЧАСТЬ 1 – АУДИРОВАНИЕ

3Вы услышите мужчину, рассказывающего о смене своего рода деятельности. В заданиях А8–А14 обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

A814

The narrator decided to make a career change because

1

his family wanted him to.

2

he no longer looked forward to work.

3

he wanted a job with less responsibility.

When the narrator started his dog walking business, he

A915

1

had no trouble finding clients.

2

found his previous knowledge of business useful.

3

had to advertise more than expected.

The narrator says that he was surprised by

16

A10

1

how challenging running a business was.

2

how quickly his business became successful.

3

how many other dog walking businesses there were.

The narrator criticises

A1117

1

dog owners who insist that he does things a certain way.

2

people who think he charges too much for his services.

3

other dog walkers who don’t take their job seriously.

The narrator believes his success is due to his

A1218

1

high standards.

2

reasonable prices.

3

good fortune.

When the narrator says he gets most new clients ‘by word-of-mouth’, he means

A1319

1

his employees spend a lot of time telling people about his business.

2

he is good at persuading people to use his services.

3

his current clients recommend him to other dog owners.

The narrator ends by saying that

A1420

1

dog walking isn’t suitable for everyone.

2

he wishes he’d become a dog walker sooner.

3

there are more disadvantages to dog walking than people think.

157

ЧАСТЬ 2 – ЧТЕНИЕ

Practice Test 20

1Установите соответствие между заголовками A–Н и текстами 1–7. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу B2. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

A

An exciting find

E

The great escape

B

Getting close to nature

F

An unusual contest

C

Upcoming show

G

Competition time

D

An exciting adventure

H

Looking for a good read

of pollution and traffic. Many of the families that are moving are also excited by the idea of having a garden where their children can play outdoors safely.

7 If you are looking for a wild ride, then white water rafting is for you. This thrilling extreme sport involves moving along rapids and fastmoving rivers in a five-man boat. It can be dangerous but if you’re careful and properly equipped it can be fantastic fun. People of all ages can enjoy this activity and there are many exciting locations where you can try it out.

similarities to the famous authors of the time.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

B2 C

G

H

A

B

E

D

158

Practice Test 20

ЧАСТЬ 2 – ЧТЕНИЕ

2 Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1–6 частями предложений, обозначенными буквами A–G. Одна из частей в списке А–G лишняя. Занесите букву, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу B3.

The Norse people lived from about 200 500 A.D. in northern Europe and Scandinavia. After 700 A.D., they began to travel to find new lands and subsequently lived in parts of Britain, Iceland, Greenland and Russia. From this period on, the Norse were known as Vikings.

There were many different Norse tribes and clans who spoke a variety of languages 1) ….. . Their family lives, jobs, houses and traditions were very similar and they had the same beliefs.

Most Norse people lived on small farms, 2) ….. .

These were from 5 to 7 metres wide and from 15 to 75 metres long. They usually had stone bases, wooden walls and dirt floors.

The Norse people lit fires in the rooms of their houses to give them light and heat and there were holes in the roof so that the smoke could escape. They had wooden benches to sit, eat, work and sleep on. Longhouses didn’t usually have windows.

In early Norse times, animals and people lived and worked together in the longhouses. Later, only

Aso portion sizes were several times larger than those of today

Band they put everything else in other buildings

Cand were mostly farmers, craftsmen or traders

Dbut they used honey to make food taste sweet

people lived in the longhouses 3) ….. . Several families often lived in the same longhouse and worked on the same farm.

Norse people mainly ate food from their own farms. Their diet consisted of meat, cereals, dairy produce, vegetables and fruits. They didn’t have sugar, 4) ….. . Those who lived near the sea, rivers or lakes ate fish. They used cereals to make bread and ale – a very popular drink.

Norse people used spears or bows and arrows to hunt wild animals. They caught deer, bears and boars, 5) ….. . In the north, they caught seals and walruses for their meat and skins.

Norse people usually ate in the morning and in the evening. They ate at a table, and used wooden bowls and spoons and drank from animal horns. The Norse people needed a lot of energy, 6) ….. .

The Norse people worked hard, but they also made time for leisure activities and celebrations.

E each of which had a longhouse

F but had a lot of things in common

Gas well as smaller animals like rabbits

1

2

3

4

5

6

B3 F

E

B

D

G

A

159

ЧАСТЬ 2 – ЧТЕНИЕ

Practice Test 20

3Прочитайте рассказ и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.

The Journalist

concourse hoping to spot him among the crowd of bag-laden shoppers. “He will come, won’t he?” he thought to himself, biting his

. It would be the in journalism if the informer did turn up, and a huge

embarrassment for Toby if he failed to deliver the front page story he had promised the editor by midnight that night.

It had taken Toby nearly ten years to work his way up from his first job at a local paper to a desk at a national one. He’d mainly covered small local stories and was only just beginning to make his mark in the world of front page headlines. Most of the other reporters in the office had been there for years and found his energy and enthusiasm for the work highly amusing. “You’ll learn,” they said, patting him on the shoulder as they trudged wearily to their desks to punch out another short, snappy news

his big break would come.

When his chance did finally come, it took him completely by surprise. He had been working on a story about a government minister’s involvement in a national scandal. There were plenty of rumours flying around, but Toby hadn’t managed to get hold of any concrete evidence. Nobody wanted to talk. Then, one evening at a cocktail party, someone had approached him and said he could give him all the proof he needed.

Toby looked at his watch yet again, the knot of nervousness in the pit of his stomach beginning to turn to angry resentment. He didn’t care if he was young and inexperienced,

walk over him now, but the day would come when he would be in a position to take revenge. It was a moment before Toby realised the informer had slipped into the seat beside him at the table.

The last time Toby had seen him he’d been wearing an expensive tailored suit. Now, he was dressed in casual clothes to better fit in with the more humble surroundings. The informer halfsmiled at Toby and apologised for keeping him waiting as he pushed a fat envelope across the table. “You’ll find everything you need and more,” he said. “I’m sure it will mean the start

of a dazzling career in journalism for you.” Toby picked up the envelope and put it in his

briefcase, resisting the urge to rip it open and greedily savour its contents. The informer was right. This was, without doubt, a fine beginning

to an illustrious career as a leading reporter at one of the country’s most respected national

cream cake. “Just one question before you go,” said Toby when he’d got his composure back. “You’ve been friends with the minister since your days at university. Why betray him now?” As the informer stood up to leave, he patted Toby on the shoulder. “Ah yes, friends,” he said. “Indeed, I’ve been very useful to him in his career these past forty years. Now it’s his turn to prove useful in mine.” The informer began to walk away. “I shall look forward to working with you more in the future, Sir,” Toby called after him. The informer carried on walking with not so much as a backward glance. Toby couldn’t stop smiling as he patted his

briefcase.

160

he realised the story involved someone he knew. another journalist offered to help him.

he managed to make the right contacts. he was unexpectedly offered information.

Practice Test 20

ЧАСТЬ 2 – ЧТЕНИЕ

A1514 While in the shopping centre, Toby felt anxious about

1 being disappointed by someone.

2 losing someone in the crowd.

3 having made a mistake.

4 losing his job.

A1615 In the second paragraph, the writer suggests that Toby

1 was more ambitious than his colleagues.

2 respected and admired his colleagues.

3 didn’t get on well with his colleagues.

4 worked harder than his colleagues.

A1716 Toby’s chance to get his first big story came after 1 2 3

4

A1817 In the fourth paragraph, the writer implies that Toby didn’t notice the informer arriving because

1 he had decided that he wouldn’t come.

2 he was lost in thought.

3 he was approached from behind.

4 he was expecting him to arrive later.

A1918 ‘it’ (line 8, paragraph five) refers to

1

money that the informer gave Toby.

2

the national newspaper.

3

the news story.

4

the contents of the envelope.

A2019 When Toby received the envelope, he

1 decided to open it immediately.

2 felt himself begin to relax.

3 became suspicious about what was inside.

4 had difficulty in controlling his feelings.

A2120 The informer says that he betrayed the minister because 1 it would benefit him.

2 the minister had betrayed him in the past.

3 he owed Toby a favour.

4 he had never liked him.

161

ЧАСТЬ 3 – ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА Practice Test 20

1Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, сло ва, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номера ми B4–B10, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B10.

B4 had been working

B5

Are you coming

B6

was

B7 walked/was walking

B8 had offered

2 Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В11–B16, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответ ствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В11–В16.

The Future of Mobile Phones

Mobile phone technology has come a(n)

B11 8)

extremely

long way in a short time. In

fact, it’s almost difficult to believe that just a few years ago, we only used mobile phones to make phone calls or send text messages.

Today, not only can you take pictures and shoot videos with your mobile, you can use it to send emails,

surf the Web, listen to music and even get 9)B12

directions

.

So, with mobile technology moving so quickly, it is interesting to think about what the average mobile

phone

10)B13

user

will be doing with their phone in the future.

One very possible future

11)B14

development

is that a small chip will be put inside mobile

phones so that people can use them as a credit or debit card. To pay for goods in a shop, you would simply hold the phone up to a special reader and your account would be charged.

You will probably also be able to use your mobile phone as a front door or car key, so you won’t have to carry your keys around anymore.

But the truly revolutionary changes will come when intelligent software allows mobiles to predict your

needs, learn your

12)B15

behaviour

and recognise your speech.

So, it seems that soon

mobile phones will become even more necessary to people’s

lives

than they are today.

13) …………………………

B16

EXTREME

DIRECT

USE DEVELOP

BEHAVE

LIVE

162

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