For anming the essence of story lies in the connection егэ аудирование ответы

Содержание

Пояснения к демо-варианту письменной части 

При ознакомлении с демонстрационным вариантом письменной части контрольных измерительных материалов ЕГЭ 2016 г. следует иметь в виду, что задания, включенные в него, не отражают всех вопросов содержания, которые будут проверяться с помощью вариантов КИМ в 2016 г. Полный перечень вопросов, которые могут контролироваться на едином государственном экзамене 2016 г., приведен в кодификаторе элементов содержания и требований к уровню подготовки выпускников образовательных организаций для проведения единого государственного экзамена 2016 г. по английскому языку.

Работа состоит из четырех разделов: «Аудирование», «Чтение», «Грамматика и лексика», «Письмо».

Раздел 1 («Аудирование») содержит 9 заданий. Рекомендуемое время на выполнение заданий раздела 1 составляет 30 минут.

Раздел 2 («Чтение») содержит 9 заданий. Рекомендуемое время на выполнение заданий раздела 2 составляет 30 минут.

Раздел 3 («Грамматика и лексика») содержит 20 заданий. Рекомендуемое время на выполнение заданий раздела 3 составляет 40 минут.

Раздел 4 («Письмо») состоит из 2 заданий. Рекомендуемое время на выполнение заданий этого раздела работы — 80 минут.

Инструкция по выполнению работы 

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Экзаменационная работа по английскому языку состоит из четырех разделов (аудирование, чтение, грамматика и лексика, письмо), включающих в себя 40 заданий.

На выполнение экзаменационной работы отводится 3 часа (180 минут).

Ответы к заданиям 3—9, 12—18 и 32—38 записываются в виде одной цифры, которая соответствует номеру правильного ответа. Эту цифру запишите в поле ответа в тексте работы, а затем перенесите в бланк ответов № 1.

Ответы к заданиям 1, 2, 10, 11 записываются в виде последовательности цифр. Эту последовательность циф запишите в поле ответа в тексте работы, а затем перенесите в бланк ответов № 1.

Ответы к заданиям 19—31 записываются в виде слова (нескольких слов). Ответ запишите в поле ответа в тексте работы, а затем перенесите в бланк ответов № 1.

Раздел 4 («Письмо») состоит из 2 заданий (39 и 40) и представляет собой небольшую письменную работу (написание личного письма и письменного высказывания с элементами рассуждения). В бланке ответов № 2 укажите номер задания и запишите ответ к нему.

Все бланки ЕГЭ заполняются яркими черными чернилами.

Допускается использование гелевой, или капиллярной, или перьевой ручек.

При выполнении заданий можно пользоваться черновиком. Записи в черновике не учитываются при оценивании работы.

Баллы, полученные Вами за выполненные задания, суммируются.

Постарайтесь выполнить как можно больше заданий и набрать наибольшее количество баллов.

Желаем успеха!

Раздел 1. Аудирование 

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1

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A—F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1—7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.
  1. Teaching abroad doesn’t seem nice to some people.
  2. My relative is a role model for me in terms of working abroad.
  3. Some countries offer good career opportunities for beginning teachers.
  4. Relatives are happy when you decide not to teach abroad.
  5. I’m going to spend my gap year teaching English abroad.
  6. Teaching abroad is a way to change your life.
  7. Don’t hesitate to write to the employer if you need the job.
Говорящий A B C D E F
Утверждение            

2

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений А—G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.
  • Lucy wasn’t at school for several days.
  • Lucy felt bad because of overeating.
  • Lucy’s mother is a doctor.
  • Peter did exercises with the map of the UK.
  • Peter is not afraid of the test.
  • Peter offers his notes to Lucy.
  • Lucy and Peter are going to review for the test later.
Утверждение A B C D E F G
Соответствие диалогу              
Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3—9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

3

Carl Fox says that he…

  1. likes to travel.
  2. works in a small agency.
  3. wanted to work in a travel agency since he was 10 years old.

Ответ: ___

4

Which of the following is TRUE about Carl Fox’s reasons for wanting to work in a travel agency?

  1. Travelling advantages the job offered.
  2. His experience of working in resorts abroad.
  3. His desire to travel to Spain for free.

Ответ: ___

5

Which of the following is NOT Carl’s responsibility?

  1. Arranging accommodation.
  2. Vaccinating the clients.
  3. Offering holiday options.

Ответ: ___

6

Which of the following is Carl’s responsibility if his client is flying?

  1. Meeting the client at the airport.
  2. Providing the client with a taxi to the airport.
  3. Informing the client about weather conditions in place of destination.

Ответ: ___

7

What kind of holiday do modern customers prefer to order nowadays, according to Carl?

  1. A package tour.
  2. A tour to a place Carl knows personally.
  3. A specially designed tour.

Ответ: ___

8

According to Carl, what’s the best thing in providing personalized service?

  1. Opportunity to learn about new routes.
  2. Possibility to arrange a perfect holiday to a customer.
  3. Inventing unusual itineraries.

Ответ: ___

9

Carl told a story about his client who…

  1. wanted him to arrange an important meeting.
  2. couldn’t choose a suitable flight.
  3. confused the names of two cities.

Ответ: ___

По окончании выполнения заданий 1—9 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов в заданиях 1 и 2 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведенными в бланке образцами.

Раздел 2. Чтение 

10

Установите соответствие между текстами A—G и заголовками 1—8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
  1. For information and urgent help
  2. World without buttons
  3. To monitor and treat the disease
  4. A built-in charger
  5. Key under your skin
  6. Big brother is watching you
  7. Disadvantages of tech
  8. Phone always on you

  • Sure, we’re virtually connected to our phones 24 / 7 now, but what if we could be literally plugged in to our phones? That’s already starting to happen. Last year, for instance, artist Anthony Antonellis had a chip put in his arm that could store and transfer data to his handheld smartphone. And researchers are already experimenting with sensors that turn human bone into living speakers.

  • In the future patients will be able to use implantable technologies to diagnose and even treat diseases. Scientists in London are developing swallowable capsule-sized chip that will control fat levels in obese patients and generate genetic material that makes them feel “full”. It has potential as an alternative to surgery to handle obesity. Also it can monitor blood-sugar levels for diabetics.

  • The U. S. military has programs to identify any person using face scanning device. Some people see it as a doubtless advantage: improved crime fighting, secure elections and never a lost child again. However, such technologies can hammer against social norms and raise privacy issues. And one day there might be a computer to see all, know all and control all.

  • One of the challenges for implantable tech is delivering power to devices which are inside human bodies. You can’t plug them in as you do with your phone or computer. You can’t easily take them out to replace a battery. A team in Cambridge is working on specific bio batteries that can generate power inside the body, transfer it wirelessly where needed, and then simply melt away.

  • Soon tattoos will not only make you look cool but will be able to perform useful tasks, like opening your car or entering smartphone codes with a fingerpoint. Researchers have made an implantable skin fibers thinner than a human hair. Scientists are working on the chip that can be put inside a finger through a tattoo-like process, letting you unlock things or enter codes simply by pointing. The British research team is developing pills with microprocessors in them that can text to hospitals directly from inside your body. The pills can share inside info to help doctors know if you are taking your medication properly and if it is having the desired effect. Moreover, in case of emergency, it can send a signal to the computer and the ambulance will come straight away.

  • Lately touchscreens are everywhere—from computers, phones, tablets to car systems and vending machines. Even doorbells now include touch screen controls. One has to wonder: are we moving to a world of only touchscreen devices? And the answer is probably yes. We are coming to an age where every flat or even curved surface could be made a touchscreen and we can operate from it.

Ответ: ___

11

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A—F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

Visiting the Royal Parks

London has a well-deserved reputation as one of the greenest cities in Europe, with a huge number of open spaces across the center of the city. Tourists

A ___

can always relax in a lovely, quiet London park.

The Royal Parks, such as St James’s, Green Park, the Regent’s Park, Hyde Park, Richmond, Greenwich, Bushy Park and Kensington Gardens, are beautifully maintained and popular with locals and visitors alike. Many are former hunting estates of English monarchs, preserved as open space

B ___.

They are ideal places to relax and sunbathe in summer, enjoy gorgeous flower beds in spring

C ___.

The Royal Parks provide fantastic green routes in London

D ___

and through some of the most attractive areas of the capital. Picnics in the parks are also a popular activity especially during the busy summer months.

Dogs are welcome in all the Royal Parks, although there are some places

E ___.

These are clearly indicated within each park and are usually ecologically sensitive sites, children’s play areas, restaurants, cafes and some sports areas. Ground nesting birds are particularly sensitive to disturbance by dogs and people. So it is necessary to observe the warning signs

F ___.

In Bushy Park and Richmond Park dogs should be kept away from the deer.

The Royal Parks are for everyone to enjoy.

  1. that are displayed during the nesting season
  2. while the city has grown up around them
  3. and admire the changing leaves as autumn arrives
  4. where they are not allowed or should be kept on a lead
  5. who are tired of the noise, crowds and excitement of sightseeing
  6. who does not know the route to the place of destination
  7. that take cyclists away from traffic

Ответ: ___

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Driverless cars

Driverless cars are expected to be rolling into the streets within the next 20 years. In fact, they’ve legally been on the roads for the past years, approved for testing purposes. It is predicted that driverless vehicles will be commercially available at a high cost within 7 years, but it may take another 8 years for prices to drop enough to spur mass consumption.

Today, the discussions focus primarily on the shifting of accident liability to manufacturers and all the goodness that comes along with reducing accidents. A truly driverless road would not be accident-free as there would still be a number of accidents caused by mechanical or computer errors, weather conditions, pedestrians and sheer random chance. But it would make the now-routine loss of life on the roads far rarer.

The concept of a “driver” will be replaced with that of an “operator”, who simply programs the vehicle’s GPS to arrive at the desired destination and pushes the “Start” button to begin the trip. Since judgment will no longer be required of the operator, they won’t need a driver’s license. Theoretically, a 10-year-old child could independently take the car to school in the morning.

Computer-operated cars will eventually reshape the car design as things like windshields will become less necessary. Drivers will be able to sit wherever they’d like in their cars. There will be no need for gas and brake pedals as speed will be automatically controlled by the computer. The steering wheel and the turn signal arm can also be eliminated once the public gets used to reliability of these vehicles.

Each passenger will have a personal video display informing about a current location, the distance to your destination, speed and personal entertainment selections. The concept of ‘distracted driving’ will disappear as there will be no reason to pay attention to where you are going.

Vehicle owners will no longer buy collision insurance since manufacturers will be solely responsible for damage. Owners will only need theft insurance and coverage for hail, falling objects or floods. To take this one step further, personal vehicle ownership may dramatically diminish. Car dealers will have lots full of vehicles for hire on a daily or hourly basis instead of vehicles for sale. When you need a car, you’ll summon one using your mobile phone. The closest unmanned vehicle will be dispatched to your home to take you where you need to go. When done, you’ll simply push the button for the unmanned vehicle to drive itself back to the rental lot.

The social and cultural impact of driverless cars could cause far more upheaval than any of us could imagine. Perhaps, it would be even greater than the impact the Internet had on commerce and communication. Obviously, the picture being painted is the one that assumes total adoption, which is far from realistic.

You will always have transitional delays caused by the lack of free cars, the longevity of today’s vehicles and cultural resistance.

This resembles the historical factors that affected the transition from horse to the automobile. At the moment, the driverless car seems like a novelty. However, it will open up new prospects. The prospect of flying cars may soon become a reality. With computer-controlled vehicles that strictly follow traffic rules, threedimensional roads become far less scary and more a matter of simply solving the technological challenge.

Where we’re going, we may not need roads at all.

12

According to the author driverless cars will become cheap enough for most people

to buy within the following…

  1. 8 years.
  2. 15 years.
  3. 7 years.
  4. 20 years.

Ответ: ___

13

Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the text?

  1. A driverless car operator won’t be responsible for accidents.
  2. The age required to operate a driverless car is likely to rise.
  3. Driverless cars may increase the number of road accidents.
  4. The driverless cars will be voice-activated.

Ответ: ___

14

To operate a driverless car, their owners will be required to…

  1. set the destination on the GPS.
  2. have experience in programming.
  3. obtain a collision insurance.
  4. have a special license.

Ответ: ___

15

Which of the following, according to the author, will a driverless car have?

  1. Gas and brake pedals.
  2. A steering wheel.
  3. Video displays.
  4. A turn signal arm.

Ответ: ___

16

The author claims that with the introduction of driverless cars…

  1. personal vehicle ownership will increase.
  2. the number of vehicles on the roads will diminish.
  3. people will rent vehicles instead of buying them.
  4. vehicle owners will spend more money on insurance.

Ответ: ___

17

According to the author, driverless cars will be…

  1. as important socially as the Internet.
  2. enthusiastically accepted by the people.
  3. operated without transitional delays.
  4. used by people with caution at first.

Ответ: ___

18

The attitude of the author towards the driverless cars may be described as…

  1. optimistic.
  2. negative.
  3. indifferent.
  4. unsure.

Ответ: ___

По окончании выполнения заданий 10—18 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов в заданиях 10 и 11 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведенными в бланке образцами.

Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика 

Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19—25.

The name of Alaska

Do you know the origin of the place name Alaska? The name Alaska comes from the Aleut word alaxsxaq,

19 MEAN

“an object toward which the action of the sea is directed”—that is, the mainland.

It is also known as Alyeska, the “great land”, an Aleut word

20 FORM

from the same root.

Its nicknames are the Land of the Midnight Sun and America’s Last Frontier. Its first nicknames were “Seward’s folly” and “Seward’s icebox” to laugh at the secretary of state who negotiated the purchase of Alaska from Russia, which

21 CONSIDER

foolish at the time.

A landmark for the new millennium

Have you seen the photos of the London Eye? The London Eye is a giant observation wheel

22 LOCATE

in the Jubilee Gardens on the South Bank of the river Thames.

The structure

23 DESIGN

by the architectural team of David Marks and Julia Barfield, husband and wife.

They submitted their idea for a large observation wheel as part of a competition to design a landmark for the new millennium.

None of the entrants

24 WIN

the competition.

However, the couple pressed on and eventually got the backing of British Airways, who sponsored

25 THEY

project.

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26—31, однокоренные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26—31.

Pronunciation is important

Some learners of English think that pronunciation is not very important. That is

26 ABSOLUTE

wrong.

Even if you have an acceptable grasp of the English language, with good grammar and an

27 EXTEND

vocabulary, native English speakers may find you very difficult to understand you if you don’t work on your pronunciation.

Correct, clear pronunciation is

28 ESSENCE

if you really want to improve your level of English.

Pay particular attention to any sounds that you are

29 FAMILIAR

with or that do not exist in your native tongue.

For example,

30 RUSSIA

have difficulty pronouncing the “th” sound, as it does not exist in their native language.

Remember that the pronunciation of certain English words varies depending on the part of the world it’s spoken in. For example, American English differs

31 GREAT

from British English.

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32—38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32—38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Mexico City

Mexico City was hot and frantic with Olympic gamesmanship. The hotels were full but, fortunately, Kevin owned a country house just outside the city which we

32 ___

our headquarters. The Whites also had their home in Mexico City but they were more often than not at Kevin’s private palace.

I must

33 ___

that when Kevin decided to move he moved fast. Like a good general, he marshalled his army close to the point of impact; he spent a small fortune on telephone calls and

34 ___

in getting all we needed for the expedition in the shortest time possible. I had a fast decision to make, too. My job was a good one and I hated to give it

35 ___

unceremoniously, but Kevin was pushing hard. I

36 ___

my boss and he was good enough to give me six months’ leave of absence. I deceived him in a way, I gave him the right destination but not the real reason for going there. Yet I think that going to Yucatan could be understood as looking

37 ___

my father’s estate.

Kevin also used resources that only money can buy. The thought of it made me a bit dizzy. Kevin was able to lift a telephone and set a private police force in motion. It made me open my eyes and think again. There was something about Kevin that got at me. Whatever it was, I preferred to keep it bottled up. Will I

38 ___

it in the future?

  1. used
  2. kept
  3. did
  4. made

Ответ: ___

  1. say
  2. speak
  3. tell
  4. talk

Ответ: ___

  1. achieved
  2. succeeded
  3. managed
  4. fulfilled

Ответ: ___

  1. on
  2. in
  3. up
  4. to

Ответ: ___

  1. glanced
  2. looked
  3. watched
  4. saw

Ответ: ___

  1. down
  2. after
  3. back
  4. into

Ответ: ___

  1. apologize
  2. disappoint
  3. dissatisfy
  4. regret

Ответ: ___

По окончании выполнения заданий 19—38 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов в заданиях 19—31 буквы записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую букву или цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведенными в бланке образцами.

Раздел 4. Письмо 

Для ответов на задания 39 и 40 используйте бланк ответов № 2. Черновые пометки могут делаться прямо на листе с заданиями, или можно использовать отдельный черновик. При выполнении заданий 39 и 40 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ № 2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объема текста. Тексты недостаточного объема, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объем, не оцениваются. Запишите сначала номер задания (39, 40), а затем ответ на него. Если одной стороны бланка недостаточно, Вы можете использовать другую его сторону.

39

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Nancy who writes:

… I hope you liked my New Year card. Where and how did you celebrate New year this time? What was the weather like? What’s your secret wish or at least hopes and expectations for the coming year? I’ve redecorated my room and it looks much nicer now…

Write a letter to Nancy.

In your letter

  • answer her questions
  • ask 3 questions about the way her room looks now

Write 100—140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

40

Comment on the following statement.

It’s not right to be strict with little children.

What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?

Write 200—250 words.

Use the following plan:

  • make an introduction (state the problem)
  • express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
  • express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing opinion
  • explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
  • make a conclusion restating your position

Тексты для аудирования 

Сейчас Вы будете выполнять задания по аудированию. Каждый текст прозвучит 2 раза. После первого и второго прослушивания у Вас будет время для выполнения и проверки заданий. Все паузы включены в аудиозапись. Остановка и повторное воспроизведение аудиозаписи не предусмотрены. По окончании выполнения всего раздела «Аудирование» перенесите свои ответы в бланк ответов № 1.

Задание 1

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A—F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1—7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. У Вас есть 20 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданием.

Now we are ready to start.

Speaker A

If you want to get new cultural and social experiences, the easiest, the fastest and the safest way is to go to a foreign country to teach English. If you have a university degree, an international certificate in English, a couple thousand dollars and about 3 months, you can start your life in an exotic location. I’m going to do this and I know people who’ve done it and I know what I’m talking about. You never know what to expect in a foreign country, that’s true, but isn’t it challenging at the same time?

Speaker B

I was thinking about spending my gap year teaching English abroad but I had second thoughts about it. I was told that only experienced teachers can get a working visa, coverage for their cost-of-living and a decent job. After reading some interviews on what’s it like to teach English in immersion camps, I gave up on the idea completely. That’s not what I’m ready to put up with. My parents are happy about that.

Speaker C

English is my major but the rivalry is so tense in the trade market now that I’m thinking of going somewhere for a couple of years to gain more experience and improve my teaching skills. Taiwan seems a perfect choice as everything is included for an inexperienced teacher—visas, accommodation and high salary. I’m worried about getting a social life there—I speak only English and I wonder if I can find friends there apart from my future students.

Speaker D

My uncle, David Dune, is a teacher, writer and runner. He is an educator with over 17 years of experience of teaching English as second and as a foreign language. He has taught and presented in Korea, Canada, France, and Ukraine. He specializes in Web 2.0 and using technology in the classroom. That must be an exciting life and the only thing I can think about is following in his footsteps. I hope he’ll share some secrets of being a good English teacher abroad.

Speaker E

I don’t remember how that magazine caught my sight but recently I read an interview with Neil Mullen who is a veteran English teacher in Japan. He started as a regular teacher and now he owns a school there. He is looking for new language teachers and I’m planning to send my CV. His e-mail address was included in the interview, not his personal address, of course. I just hope the e-mail won’t go to his spam folder and he’ll choose me as his employee.

Speaker F

People in my college are crazy about the idea of going to teach English somewhere in Thailand, China and what not. I listened to their heated discussions very attentively and understood it’s high risk. There are so many things to care about like visas, security, medication and cultural barriers. I’d better stay in the US to serve my country. In my view it’s more patriotic; besides, I’m not sure I can solve the problems connected with moving to another country.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you will hear the texts again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers.

(Pause 15 seconds.)

Задание 2

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений А—G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды. У Вас есть 20 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданием.

Peter: Hi, Lucy! You weren’t at school today. What is the matter? I was worried about you.

Lucy: Hi, Peter. It’s nothing serious, actually. I just felt a bit sick in the morning, so my mom let me stay at home.

Peter: You poor thing! And are you feeling better now?

Lucy: Yeah, much better, thank you. I guess it must have been the pizza that I ate yesterday. That was the reason for my bad stomachache. I had too much. But now, yeah, I feel all right. I think I won’t have to miss any more lessons this week.

Peter: But you haven’t been to the doctor’s office, have you? Won’t you have problems at school because you missed classes? When I was ill last month, I brought a medical certificate to school.

Lucy: Well, my mom called our class teacher, so I don’t think there will be any problems. Besides we don’t have many lessons on Wednesdays. How was Geography, by the way? Did you take a test?

Peter: Oh, no, we didn’t, but we revised the material for the test. The teacher asked several people to do exercises with the map of the UK at the blackboard, and then we had a sort of contest in groups where we had to find different mountains, rivers and lakes—the quicker the better, that was fun! And we also checked our homework and asked the teacher questions if we were not sure about the answers. You know, I feel well-prepared for tomorrow’s test now.

Lucy: Wait a second! Are we going to take the test tomorrow? I can’t believe it!

Peter: Yes, our teacher said that we are starting a new topic next week, so we have to finish this one tomorrow. Do you need any help with geography?

Lucy: Uh, if you can lend me your exercise-book with notes and checked homework, that would save me hours.

Peter: I am afraid I can’t give you my exercise-book right now because I have to revise the material for the test myself. But if you call me in two hours, we could probably study for the test together.

Lucy: Sounds like a great idea. And thanks so much for offering to help. It’s so nice to have a friend like you.

Peter: No problem. See you later then. Bye for now.

Lucy: Bye, Peter.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you’ll hear the text again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers.

(Pause 15 seconds.)

Задания 3—9

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3—9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды. У Вас есть 50 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданиями.

Now we are ready to start.

Presenter: Good afternoon, and here we are with our special program for teens where we explore advantages and disadvantages of all sorts of professions. Today we have Carl Fox, a travel agent. Hello, Carl!

Carl Fox: Good afternoon.

Presenter: So Carl, tell us a little bit about yourself.

Carl Fox: Well, as you already know, I’m a travel agent, and I work for one of the major chains on High Street. I’ve been with them for about 10 years and while I’ve been working I’ve studied for a number of qualifications.

Presenter: What inspired you to become a travel agent?

Carl Fox: People often ask me why I decided to become a travel agent. As a young adult I loved travelling and worked for a while as a rep in Spain. When I came back to the UK I decided to stay within the travel industry, and my experience of working in resorts abroad helped me to get a job as a travel agent. I have to admit that one of the main reasons I wanted to be a travel agent was that we get cheap flights and holidays. It’s a great perk!

Presenter: I see. What are your responsibilities at your job?

Carl Fox: Basically, I’m a sales person. I advise people on the holiday options available to them, you know, different destinations, types of holiday, ways to get there, and so on. When customers have decided what they want, I book it for them and make any other arrangements they might need, such as car hire or tours. My responsibility doesn’t end there, though. I have to make sure that clients know if any visas are necessary, or if they will need vaccinations, and how to get them. If they are flying, I need to tell them what time they have to check in, and make sure they know what time they will be arriving. I also give information on likely weather conditions and anything else I think will be useful for them.

Presenter: That’s a lot to do! And I bet it’s getting more and more difficult to work in your sphere because of the rivalry.

Carl Fox: Well, not because the rivalry is too high, it’s the same everywhere. The point is that more and more customers want a tailor-made holiday, not just a package from a brochure. However, I love the challenge! It’s a lot more interesting for me if I can organize the whole thing—make out an itinerary, book flights, ferries, trains, accommodation and everything. I love providing a personalized service, especially if it’s to places that I know. I can really help customers get a great holiday that will be ideal for them.

Presenter: People who are going on holiday must be relaxed and easy to deal with, right?

Carl Fox: Generally yes, but not always. Sometimes I get difficult customers. One man came in wanting a flight to Venice the next day. I checked out times and fares on the computer, and found a very reasonable flight at a suitable time, so we booked it there and then. A week later he came in and he was absolutely furious. He wanted to know why I had flown him to Venice, in Italy, when he had had an important meeting in Vienna, which is in Austria. I didn’t know what to say, but since then I’ve always been careful to check that people really know where they want to go.

Presenter: That’s a case which is funny and sad at the same time and it’s hard to believe it after all.

Carl Fox: Don’t I know!

Presenter: Any downsides to your job?

Carl Fox: There must be some but I love my job so I simply don’t notice them.

Presenter: I see. Thank you very much, Carl.

Carl Fox: My pleasure.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you will hear the text again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers.

(Pause 15 seconds.)

This is the end of the Listening test.

Время, отведенное на выполнение заданий, истекло.

Ответы 

Раздел 1. Аудирование

Номер задания Ответ
1 643271
2 2133121
3 1
4 1
5 2
6 3
7 3
8 2
9 3

Раздел 2. Чтение

Номер задания Ответ
10 8364512
11 523741
12 2
13 1
14 1
15 3
16 3
17 4
18 1

Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика

Номер задания Ответ
19 meaning
20 formed
21 was considered
22 located
23 was designed
24 won
25 their
26 absolutely
27 extensive; extended
28 essential
29 unfamiliar
30 Russians
31 greatly
32 4
33 1
34 2
35 3
36 4
37 2
38 4

Демонстрационный вариант ЕГЭ 2016 г. АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК, 11 класс. © 2016 Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере образования и науки Российской Федерации

Комментарии

Регистрироваться необязательно. Поставьте курсор в текстовую область, щелкните по появившемуся полю «Имя», отметьте опцию «Хотел бы написать как гость».

Далее

1.Personal and public life. Личная и общественная жизнь

  1. My family, relationship in the family. Моя семья, взаимоотношения в семье.
  1. Personal information. Личные данные.

first name имя

letter буква

Miss обращение к незамужней женщине

Mr мистер, господин.

Mrs обращение к замужней женщине

name имя

names of letters of the alphabet название букв алфавита

signature подпись

surname фамилия

be быть

call звать

sign подписывать

1.1.2. Адрес Address

apartment квартира

avenue авеню

city город

country страна сельская местность

lane улочка

number номер

prospect проспект

square площадь

street улица

town город

village деревня

1.1.3. Номер телефона. Telephone number.

mobile phone сотовый телефон

phone book телефонная книга

answer the phone ответить на телефонный звонок

be busy        быть занятым

     engaged

call звонить

call back перезвонить

dial набрать номер

hang on подождите

hang up вешать трубку, заканчивать т. разговор

make a call позвонить

phone позвонить

pick up поднять трубку

put down положить трубку

ring up позвонить

1.1.4. Дата и место рождения. Date and place of birth.

birthday день рождения

date число дата

names of months названия месяцев

place место

be born родиться

be from быть родом из

1.1.5. Возраст. Age.

adult взрослый

baby младенец

child (children) ребенок (дети)

childhood детство

grown up взрослый

teenager подросток

1.1.6. Пол. Sex.

boy мальчик

gentleman джентльмен

girl девочка, девушка

female женский

lady леди

male мужской

man мужчина

woman женщина

1.1.7. Национальность. Nationality.

names of nationalities названия национальностей

foreigner иностранец

foreign иностранный

native коренной

1.1.8. Семья. Family.

aunt тетя

baby младенец

brother брат

cousin двоюродный брат/ сестра.

dad папочка

daughter дочь

father отец

grandchild внук/ внучка

grandfather дедушка

grandmother бабушка

grandparents родители родителей

granny бабуля

husband муж

mother мать

mum мамочка

niece племянница

one parent family семья из одного родителя

be divorced быть разведенным

have got иметь

many много

parents родители

people люди

relative родственники

sister сестра

son сын

wife жена

1.1.9. Род занятий Occupation/

job работа

names of occupations названия профессий

    eg. agent агент

          businessman бизнесмен

          doctor врач

          economist экономист

          engineer инженер

          housewife домохозяйка

          lawyer юрист

          manager управляющий

          pensioner пенсионер

          student студент

          teacher учитель

          worker рабочий

names of places of work

    eg. company фирма

          factory завод

          farm ферма

          institute институт

          office офис

          university университет

1.1.10. Внешность. Appearance.

ear ухо

eye глаз

face лицо

hair волосы

lip губа

nose нос

attractive привлекательный

big  большой

curly кудрявый

dark-haired темноволосый

fair-haired светловолосый

fine красивый

full полный

good-looking хорош  собой

handsome красивый

large большой

lively живой подвижный

long длинный

nice милый

oval овальный

plain простой

pretty хорошенькая

round круглый

short короткий, невысокий

short/ long-haired  коротко/длинноволосый

look like быть похожим, выглядеть

slim стройный

small маленький

straight прямой

tall высокий

thin тонкий

turned-up вздернутый

wavy волнистые

1.1.11. Отношения в семье. Family relationship.

argument  ссора спор

atmosphere атмосфера

conflict конфликт

life жизнь

only child единственный ребенок

relationship отношения

close близкие

happy счастливый

loving любящий

agree соглашаться

allow позволять

approve одобрять

behave вести себя

care about интересоваться

complain жаловаться

disagree не соглашаться

do one’s best делать все, что в чьих-либо силах

keep the house вести домашнее хозяйство

let позволять, пускать на квартиру

look after присматривать

love любить

stay останавливаться где-либо

take care of заботиться

thank благодарить

understand понимать

1.1.12. Религия. Religion.

atheist атеист

belief вера

cathedral собор

church церковь

God бог

names of religions названия религий

   eg. Buddism буддизм

         Catholicism католичество

         Christianity христианство

         Islam ислам

         Orthodox Православная

         Protestantism протестанская

power власть

service служба

be baptised быть крещеным

be christened быть крещеным

believe in верить в

pray молиться

say a pray произнести молитву

1.1.13. Рабочий день. Daily routine.

afternoon вторая половина дня

clock часы

day день

evening вечер

homework домашняя работа

minute минута

morning утро

pet домашнее животное, любимец

time время

TV телевизор

water вода

week неделя

usual обычный

be busy быть занятым

be late опаздывать

be tired быть усталым

begin начинать

brush расчесывать волосы щеткой

clean чистить

clean one’s teeth чистить зубы

come back возвращаться

come in входить

come out выходить

cook готовить пищу

do morning exercises делать зарядку

do homework делать домашнюю работу

do one’s hair делать прическу

enjoy получать удовольствие

feed кормить

finish заканчивать

get добираться

eg. I get to school by bus я добираюсь до школы на автобусе

get dressed одеваться

get up вставать

go to bed ложиться спать

have a bath принимать ванну

have lessons сколько уроков было по расписанию

iron гладить железо утюг

make делать

make the bed заправлять постель

move to переезжать

plan планировать

play играть

prepare подготавливать

put класть

return возвращать

sit сидеть

sleep спать

start начинать

stop прекращать

take брать

take a shower принимать душ

take the rubbish out выносить мусор

tidy (up) убирать

wake up будить

walk прогуливаться, идти пешком

want хотеть

wash мыть

wash up мыть посуду

watch смотреть

1.1.14. Симпатии и антипатии. Likes and dislikes.

bad плохой

good хороший

pleasant приятный

special особый

admire восхищаться

be glad быть довольным

hate ненавидеть

like нравиться

love любить

prefer предпочитать

1.2. Я, мои друзья, мои отношения с друзьями. Me and my friends, my relationship with friends.

1.2.1. Взаимоотношения с друзьями. Relationship with friends.

acquaintance знакомый

friend друг

friendship дружба

guest гость

impression впечатление

interest интерес

partner партнер

party вечеринка

person персона

present подарок

thought мысль

common общий

same одинаковый

true правдивый

accept принимать

advise советовать

ask smb’s advice просить чьего-либо совета

be able быть в состоянии, мочь

be sorry сожалеть, чувствовать виноватым

be willing чувствовать желающим помочь

believe верить

change менять

dance танцевать

deal with иметь дело с

decide решать

discuss обсуждать

forgive прощать

get acquainted знакомить

get along with ладить с к-л

give давать

go out выходить гулять куда-л

have a party проводить вечеринку

have much in common иметь много общего

help помогать

invite приглашать

join присоединяться

know знать

make friends подружиться

make happy осчастливить, делать счастливым

meet знакомиться

need нуждаться

pretend притворяться

promise обещать

quarrel ссориться

refuse отказываться

rely on положиться на кого-л

reply ответить

respect уважать

see видеть

share делиться доля акция вклад

show показывать

spend проводить тратить

support поддерживать

suppose предполагать

take smth easy воспринимать ч-л легче

talk разговаривать

tell  говорить

tell the truth говорить правду

trust доверять

1.2.2. Черты характера. Character features.

character характер

energy энергия

fault вина

manner манера способ

nature природа характер

personality личность

quality качество

sense of humour чувство юмора

will воля

active активный

ambitious амбициозный целеустремленный

angry сердитый

boastful хвастливый

brave храбрый

bright яркий, умный

calm спокойный

careful заботливый тщательный

careless беззаботный

charming очаровательный        

clever умный

curious любопытный

dull скучный мрачный

faithful верный

frank искренний

friendly дружелюбный

generous щедрый

helpful полезный

honest честный

intelligent умный

kind добрый

lazy ленивый

loyal верный

merry веселый

normal нормальный

passive пассивный

patient терпеливый пациент

polite вежливый

proud гордый

quiet тихий

reliable надежный

romantic романтичный

selfish эгоистичный

serious серьезный

shy робкий

truthful правдивый точный

typical типичный

be full of много мнить о себе

influence влияние

overcome преодолеть

seem казаться

  1. Дом, жилище. Accomodation.
  1. Местожительство. Place of Residence.

block of flats многоквартирный дом

building здание

flat квартира

for sale продается

house дом (здание)

home дом

convenient удобный

buy покупать

let сдавать пускать на квартиру

overlook иметь вид на

rent снимать арендовать

1.3.2 Жилые помещения. Living facilities.

balcony балкон

ceiling потолок

closet ниша, шкафчик

corner угол

corridor коридор

door дверь

first floor второй этаж

floor пол, этаж

garage гараж

ground floor цокольный этаж

hall прихожая зал

lift лифт

lounge фойе

names of rooms названия комнат

  eg. bathroom ванная

        bedroom спальная

        dining-room столовая

        kitchen кухня

        lavatory/ toilet туалет

        living room жилая комната гостиная

        WC туалет

stairs лестница

wall стена

window окно

yard двор

comfortable комфортабельный

cosy уютный

dark темный

high высокий

large большой

light светлый

narrow узкий

spacious просторный

use пользоваться

  1. Мебель. Furnuture.

centre центр

corner угол

names of pieces of furniture название предметов мебели

    eg. armchair кресло

          bed кровать

          carpet ковер

          chair стул

          cupboard кухонный шкаф

          curtain занавеска

          desk письменный стол

          lamp лампа

          mirror зеркало

          shelf полка

          sideboard тумбочка

          sofa диван

          table стол

          unit стенка (мебельная)

middle середина

round круглый

well-designed хорошо спланированный, разработанный

be made of быть сделанным из чего-л.

decorate украшать, делать ремонт

  1. Службы. Services.

central heating центральное отопление

electricity электричество

gas газ

light свет

water вода

hot горячий

be on быть включенным

be off быть выключенным

do the housework выполнять работу по дому

do the room убирать комнату

dust пыль

help about the house помогать по дому

lay the table накрывать на стол

repair ремонтировать

sew шить

sweep подметать

turn on включать

turn off выключать

wash the dishes мыть посуду

wash up мыть посуду

water the flowers поливать цветы

  1. Удобства.  Facilities.

advantage преимущество

bath ванна

camera фотоаппарат

CD player проигрыватель CD

computer компьютер

conveniences удобства

cooker кухонная плита

dishwasher посудомоечная машина

fridge холодильник

garage гараж

music centre музыкальный центр

radio радио

record-player проигрыватель пластинок

refrigerator холодильник

shower душ

television телевидение

TV set телевизор

vacuum cleaner пылесос

video видеомагнитофон

washing machine стиральная машина

automatic автоматический

useful полезный

need нуждаться

operate управлять пользоваться

press (the button) нажать на кнопку

produce производить

save сберегать

  1. Предметы обихода. Household utensils.

alarm clock будильник

bag сумка мешок

bottle бутылка

box коробка

can металлическая банка

clock часы

colour цвет

cup чашка

dish блюдо

fork вилка

glass стакан

houseplant домашнее растение

key ключ

knife нож

pan сковородка

picture картина

poster плакат

pot горшок кастрюля

purse кошелек

scissors ножницы

spoon ложка

vase ваза

wallet бумажник

watch наручные часы

black черный

blue голубой

brown коричневый

coloured цветной

colourful многоцветный

green зеленый

grey серый

orange оранжевый

pink розовый

purple лиловый

red красный

white белый

yellow желтый

1.4 Покупки. Shopping.

1.4.1. Shops

department отдел

department store универмаг

goods товары

kiosk киоск

names of types of the shops названия видов магазинов

   eg. baker’s булочная

         butcher’s мясник

         clothes shop магазин одежды

         greengrocer’s овощной

         grocer’s продуктовый

         newsagent’s газетный киоск

         sale распродажа

         self-service самообслуживание

         shopping centre  торговый центр

         supermarket супермаркет

1.4.2. Обслуживание. Service.

account счет

bank банк

bank-note банкнота

bill счет афиша банкнота

cash наличные деньги

cash desk касса

cashier  кассир

change сдача мелочь

coin монета

credit card  кредитная карта

customer клиент

discount скидка

in cash наличными

money деньги

names of national currency названия национальных валют

  eg. cent цент

        dollar доллар

         pence пенсы

         penny пенс

          pound фунт

          rouble рубль

owner владелец

price цена

shop-assistant продавец

travellers cheque чеки путешественника

1.4.3. Одежда мода. Clothes fashion.

handbag дамская сумочка

names of clothes названия одежды

   eg. anorak ветровка

         blouse блузка

         boots ботинки

         cap  кепка

          cardigan вязаная кофта

         coat пальто

          dress платье

          fur coat шуба

          gloves перчатки

          hat шляпа

          jacket пиджак

         jeans джинсы

         overcoat верхняя одежда

         pullover пуловер

         raincoat плащ

         scarf шарф

         shirt рубашка

         shoes туфли

         shorts шорты

         skirt юбка

         slippers тапочки

         sneakers кроссовки

         socks носки

         suit костюм

         sweater свитер

         tie галстук

         tights колготки

         tracksuit тренировочный костюм

         trainers спортивная обувь

         trousers брюки

         T-shirt футболка

names of material названия тканей

    eg. cotton  хлопок    

          glass стекло

          leather кожа

          metal металл

          nylon нейлон

          paper бумага

          silk шелк

          silver серебро

          wool шерсть

          wood дерево

outfit наряд

style стиль

casual повседневный

fashionable модный

elegant элегантный

old-fashioned старомодный

ordinary обыкновенный

ready made готово сделанный

smart элегантный

well-dressed хорошо одетый

be in/ out of fashion быть в моде/выйти из моды

come into fashion войти в моду

design дизайн

go out of fashion выйти из моды

match подходить, сочетаться

prefer предпочитать

suit подходить, идти кому-л.

put on надевать

take off снимать

try on примерять

wear носить

1.4.4. Размер и длина. Size and length.

centimeter сантиметр

foot фут

inch дюйм

metre метр

size размер

loose свободный просторный

tight узкий

wide широкий

take size снимать размер

  1. Еда, напитки. Food and beverages.

1.5.1. Прием пищи. Meals.

breakfast завтрак

choice выбор

course первое, второе, …

dessert десерт

dinner обед

dish блюдо

lunch ланч

meal прием пищи

piece кусочек

starter закуска

supper ужин

be at table быть за столом

cook готовить еду

drink пить

eat кушать

have a snack перекусить

have breakfast завтракать

have dinner обедать

have supper ужинать

help … to угощаться

lay the table накрывать на стол

order заказывать

serve обслуживать

smell пахнуть

taste пробовать на вкус

1.5.2. Виды пищи. Foods.

bread хлеб

bun булочка

butter масло

cake торт

cereals крупы хлопья

cheese сыр

chicken цыпленок

chips жареный картофель чипсы

chocolate шоколад

cream крем сметана

ice-cream мороженое

jam джем

oil растительное масло

pie пирог

porridge овсянка

roll булочка

salad салат

sandwich бутерброд

snack  закуска

soup суп

sweet сладкое

bitter горький

boiled вареный

delicious восхитительно вкусный

fat жирный

fresh свежий

fried жареный

frozen мороженый

instant мгновенный

roasted жареный

salty соленый

sour кислый

spicy с приправами

stewed тушеный

sweet сладкий

tasty вкусный

bake выпекать

boil варить

fry жарить

grill жарить на решетке

mix перемешивать

1.5.3. Названия продуктов. Names of products.

canned  food консервированная пища

dairy products молочные продукты

egg яйцо

fish рыба

flour мука

meat мясо

names of fruit названия фруктов

   eg. apple яблоко

         banana банан

         grape виноград

          lemon лимон

         orange апельсин

         pear груша

         strawberry клубника

names of kinds meat названия мяса

      eg. beef говядина

            mutton баранина

            pork свинина

names of meat products

      eg. hamburger гамбургер

            sausage сосиски

names of vegetables

      eg. cabbage капуста

            carrot морковь

            cucumber огурец

            potatoes картофель

            tomatoes помидоры

noodle лапша

pepper перец

salt соль

spaghetti спагетти

sugar сахар

1.5.4. Названия напитков. Names of drinks.

beer пиво

cocktail коктейль

coffee кофе

juice сок

milk молоко

milkshake молочный коктейль

mineral water минеральная вода

soft drink безалкогольный напиток

have a drink попить

tea чай

volume объем

    eg. litre литр

          pint пинта

wine вино

1.5.5. Места, связанные с питанием. Eating out.

bar бар

bill счет в ресторане

buffet шведский стол

cafe кафе

cafeteria столовая

canteen столовая

fast-food restaurant ресторан пищи быстрого приготовления

menu меню

pub английская пивная

restaurant ресторан

snack bar закусочная

waiter официант

waitress официантка

choose выбирать

decide решать

help oneself угощаться

order заказывать

pass передавать

take away еда на вынос

  1. Отдых, развлечение, спорт. Recreation, sports.

1.6.1. Recreation.

adventure приключение

berry ягода

camp лагерь

day off выходной

entertainment развлечение

free time свободное время

holiday праздник

leisure досуг

mushroom гриб

party вечеринка

spare time свободное время

vacation отпуск

weekend конец недели

be free быть свободным

devote посвящать

gather собирать

get sunburnt обгореть на солнце

go fishing ходить на рыбалку

go out выходить гулять

go to the country ездить в деревню

pick up собирать

spend time проводить время

1.6.2. Хобби и интересы. Hobbies and interests.

club клуб

hobby хобби

interest интерес

member член

names of fields of interest названия областей интересов

   eg. calendar календарь

         chess шахматы

         excursion экскурсия

         medal медаль

         music музыка

         pictures картины

         politics политика    

         programme программа

         radio радио

         sports спорт

         television телевидение

toy игрушка

names of hobbies названия хобби

    eg. collecting  собирание

          dancing танцы

          drawing рисование

          driving вождение

          fishing рыбалка

          painting живопись

          photography фотография

          sewing шитье

names of places of public entertainment названия мест общественного развлечения

      eg. circus цирк

           disco дискотека

            leisure centre центр досуга

           night club ночной клуб

            playground игровая площадка

organisation организация

amusing забавный

broad широкий

rare редкий

amuse забавлять

be engaged быть увлеченным

be fond of любить что-либо

be interested in интересоваться

collect интересоваться

dance танцевать

draw рисовать

drive водить машину

enjoy наслаждаться

enjoy every minute of something наслаждаться каждой минутой чего-либо.

give up отказываться бросать делать ч-л, сдаваться

go on продолжать

hear smth on/ over the radio слышать ч-л по радио

include включать в себя

listen to слушать

observe наблюдать

ride ехать верхом

see видеть

sew шить

take part принимать участие

watch смотреть

1.6.3. Праздники. Holidays, festivals, celebrations

best wishes наилучшие пожелания

card открытка

Christmas tree новогодняя елка

eve канун

Father Frost дед Мороз

festival праздник

flag флаг

fun веселье

gift дар

greeting приветствие

Happy New Year Счастливого Нового Года

meeting встреча

Merry Christmas Веселого Рождества

Names of holidays названия праздников

     eg. Christmas рождество

           Constitution day День Конституции

            International Women’s Day международный женский день

            Knowledge Day день Знаний

           May Day день 1 Мая

           New Year  Новый год

           Victory day день Победы

parade парад

present подарок

Santa Clause Санта Клаус

Snow Maiden Снегурочка

national общенациональный

public общественный

traditional традиционный

celebrate праздновать

congratulate поздравлять

decorate украшать

hold держать проводить

present представлять дарить

see the New Year in/ out встречать/ провожать Новый год

1.6.4. Спорт. Sports.

activity деятельность

athlete атлет

ball мяч

bicycle велосипед

champion чемпион

championship чемпионат

club клуб

court корт

competition соревнование

fan болельщик

game игра

goal ворота

gym спортивный зал

hall зал

indoor sports виды спорта внутри помещения

instructor инструктор

match матч

medal медаль

names of sports and games названия игр и видов спорта

   eg. baseball бейсбол

         basketball баскетбол

         billiards бильярд

         boating катание на лодках

         boxing бокс

         chess  шахматы

         cricket крикет

         figure skating фигурное катание

         football футбол

         golf гольф

         gymnastics гимнастика

         hiking пеший туризм

         hockey хоккей

         long (high) jump прыжки в длину (высоту)

         mountaineering альпинизм

         racing гонки

         riding езда верхом

         rugby регби

         skating конькобежный спорт

         swimming плавание

         table tennis   настольный теннис

         tennis теннис

         track and field athletics легкая атлетика

         volley ball волейбол

         wrestling борьба

Olympic games олимпийские игры

outdoor sports виды спорта вне помещения

race гонка скачка

record рекорд

player игрок

prize приз

referee судья

result результат

rule правило

score счет

spectator зритель

sport ground спортплощадка

sportsman спортсмен

stadium стадион

swimming pool бассейн

team команда

trainer тренер

training обучение тренировка

winner победитель

active активный

bronze бронзовый

exciting волнующий

gold золотой

quick быстрый

silver серебряный

be good at хорошо получается …

break a record побить рекорд

cheer приветствовать, «болеть за», поддерживать

compete соревноваться

defeat наносить поражение

finish финишировать

get the first place получить первое место

go in for sports заниматься спортом

go in for skating / swimming заниматься коньками/ плаванием

hold a record одержать рекорд

jump прыгать

keep fit держать себя в форме

lose проиграть

participate принимать участие

play играть

ride ехать верхом

run бежать

score a goal забить гол

set a record установить рекорд

skate коньки

ski лыжи

sledge сани

start стартовать

swim плавать

take part принимать участие

take place иметь место происходить

train тренировать

win выигрывать

1.7.Здоровый образ жизни. A Healthy way of life.

1.7.1. Части тела. Parts of the body.

arm рука

back спина

chest грудная клетка

finger палец

foot нога ступня

hand рука

head голова

heart сердце

leg нога

lungs легкие

neck шея

stomach желудок

toe палец на ноге

tooth зуб

left левый

right правый

1.7.2. Личный комфорт. Personal comfort.

diet диета

harm вред

health здоровье

lifestyle образ жизни

alive живой

dead мертвый

harmful вредный

hungry голодный

impossible невозможный

necessary необходимый

thirsty желающий пить

tired усталый

useful полезный

weak слабый

be all right быть в порядке

be fine чувствовать себя хорошо

be in good health быть в хорошем состоянии здоровья

be on a diet быть на диете

be quite well чувствовать себя вполне хорошо

be very well чувствовать себя очень хорошо

cause harm причинять вред

feel fit чувствовать себя в форме

feel well чувствовать себя хорошо

have rest отдохнуть (постельный режим)

look well хорошо выглядеть

prevent предотвращать помешать

rest отдых

run risk рисковать

sleep спать

wake up просыпаться

1.7.3. Гигиена. Hygiene.

brush щетка

comb расческа

laundry прачечная грязное белье

razor бритва

soap мыло

toothbrush зубная щетка

toothpaste зубная паста

towel полотенце

clean чистый

dirty грязный

cut порезаться

shave бриться

1.7.4. Заболевания. Diseases.

accident авария

ache боль

breakdown срыв

cigarette сигарета

cold простуда

cough кашель

disease заболевание

flu грипп

heart attack сердечный приступ инфаркт

heart trouble проблемы с сердцем

illness болезнь

pain боль

running nose насморк

smoking курение

sore throat больное горло

stomachache  боль в животе

temperature температура

toothache зубная боль

wound рана

break ломать

burn обжигаться

catch cold простудиться

cough кашлять

cut порезать

die умереть

fall упасть

fall ill заболеть

feel ill чувствовать больным

hurt повредить

smoke курить

suffer from страдать

1.7.5. Медицинское обслуживание. Medical service.

ambulance скорая помощь

appointment назначение договоренность

bandage бинт

care уход

chemist аптекарь

dentist зубной врач

doctor врач

drugs лекарства наркотики

emergency срочная необходимость

examination обследование

glasses очки

hospital больница

medical insurance медицинская страховка

medicine лекарство

nurse медсестра

operation операция

patient пациент

pill таблетка

prescription предписание рецепт

specialist врач специалист

tablet таблетка

treatment уход вылечивание

trouble беспокойство беда

ward палата

serious серьезный

sick больной тошнит

examine обследовать

feel the pulse измерить пульс

fill the tooth поставить пломбу

get better чувствовать себя лучше

get well выздороветь

give first aid оказывать первую помощь

go to the chemist’s идти в аптеку

have a high temperature иметь высокую температуру

make an X-ray сделать рентген

prescribe medicine выписать лекарство

question расспрашивать

recover поправляться

see a doctor сходить к врачу

send for the doctor послать за доктором

stay in bed оставаться в постели

take the medicine принимать лекарство

take the temperature мерить температуру

visit the doctor посещать врача

1.7.6. Преступления и наказания. Crime and punishment.

alcohol  алкоголь спирт

bomb бомба

crime преступление

criminal преступник

drugs наркотики

drug addiction наркотическая зависимость

gang шайка

gun ружье пистолет пушка

killer убийца

law закон

murder убийство

police полиция

policeman  полицейский

prison тюрьма

punishment наказание

terrorism терроризм

thief вор

violence насилие

armed вооруженный

dangerous опасный

safe безопасный

violent жестокий

arrest арестовывать

commit a crime совершить преступление

commit a suicide совершать самоубийство

decrease уменьшаться

depend on зависеть

force заставлять силой

kill убивать

punish наказывать

rob грабить

send to prison отправлять в тюрьму

sentence приговор

shoot стрелять

steal красть

take drugs принимать наркотики

violate нарушать

  1. Мир вокруг нас. World around us.

2.1. Планета Земля. Страны и континенты, моря, океаны. Planet Earth. Countries continents seas and oceans.

bank берег реки

beach пляж

capital столица

coast побережье

earth земля

environment окружающая среда

island остров

lake озеро

land суша

map карта

ocean океан

pollution загрязнение

river река

sea море

seaside морское побережье

shore берег моря

world мир

deep глубокий

enormous огромный

huge огромный

main главный основной

major главный основной

vast обширный

be situated быть расположенным

be washed by омываться

connect соединять

cross пересекать

flow протекать

separate отделять

2.2. Родная страна, город, район. Native country, city, region.

2.2.1. Место проживания. Place of residence.

bridge мост

centre центр

citizen гражданин

city город

concert hall концертный зал

cottage коттедж

countryside сельская местность

distance расстояние

district район

neighbourhood микрорайон, соседство

region регион район

suburb пригород

administrative административный

agricultural сельскохозяйственный

cultural культурный

domestic домашний

famous знаменитый

far далекий

industrial промышленный

modern современный

new новый

political политический

provincial провинциальный

scientific научный

unique уникальный

border граница

build строить

cover an area охватывать территорию

develop развивать

differ отличаться

possess обладать

2.2.2. Географическое положение. Geographical location.

animal животное

area область

border граничить

canal канал

desert пустыня

field поле

flower  цветок

forest поле

grass трава

hill холм

kilometer километр

landscape пейзаж ландшафт

leaf лист

mile миля

mountain гора

names of animals, birds, fish, insects названия животных птиц рыб насекомых

    eg. cat кошка

          cow корова

          dog собака

          goat козел

          goose гусь

          hare заяц

          hen курица

          horse лошадь

          pig свинья

          rabbit кролик

          sheep овца

names of continents plants trees flowers названия континентов растений деревьев цветов

part часть

place место

plain равнина

population население

rock скала

top вершина

valley долина

wild life дикая природа

wood лес

flat плоский

high высокий

long длинный

low низкий

be due to  следуя направлениям компаса

consist состоять

divide делить

grow растить

influence влиять

lie лежать

rise подниматься

stretch простираться

surround  окружать

2.2.3. Климат, времена года. Climate, seasons of the year.

autumn осень

Celcius Цельсий

climate климат

cloud облако

degree градус степень

fog туман

forecast прогноз погоды

frost мороз

ice лед

lightning молния

moon луна

names of months названия месяцев

rain дождь

season время года

shower ливень

sky небо

snow снег

snowstorm снежная буря

spring весна

star звезда

storm гроза буря

summer лето

sun солнце

temperature температура

weather погода

wind ветер

winter зима

zero ноль

awful ужасный

bright яркий

changeable переменчивый

clear ясный

cold холодный

cool прохладный

dry сухой

dull пасмурный

fair справедливый

fine хороший

foggy туманный

frosty морозный

heavy тяжелый сильный

hot жаркий

humid влажный

mild мягкий

moderate умеренный

nasty ненастный

quiet тихий

rainy дождливый

rather довольно

sunny солнечно

terrible ужасный

warm теплый

wet мокрый

windy ветреный

blow дуть

bring приносить

change for the better меняться к лучшему

fall выпадать

freeze замораживать

keep содержать

last длиться

look like выглядеть быть похожим

melt таять

pollute загрязнять

protect защищать

rain идти дождю

shine светить

snow выпадать снегу

2.2.4. Страницы истории. Pages of the history.

air force воздушные силы

army армия

battle битва

beginning начало

century столетие

colony колония

convict осужденный

danger опасность

defence защита

discovery открытие

empire империя

end конец

enemy враг

fact факт

foundation основание

government правительство

king король

leader лидер

minister министр

motherland родина

navy военно-морской

officer офицер

parliament парламент

party партия

peace мир

policy политика

power власть

president президент

prince принц

queen королева

revolt восстание

settlement поселение

settler поселенец

society общество

soldier солдат

state государство

tzar царь

victory победа

war война

weapon оружие

ancient древний

bloody кровавый

civil гражданский

dangerous опасный

democratic демократический

historical исторический

independent независимый

patriotic патриотический

political политический

possible возможный

social общественный

appear появляться

attack нападать

be founded быть основанным

be proud of гордиться

belong to принадлежать

capture захватывать

defend защищать

destroy разрушать

develop развивать

discover открывать

dominate преобладать

elect выбирать

establish основывать

fight сражаться бороться

govern управлять

happen случаться

invade захватывать

overthrow свергать

produce производить

reach достигать

rule править

settle селиться

try пытаться

  1. Путешествия. Travel.
  1. Переезды и размещения. Moving to and settling.

advantage преимущества

adult взрослый

agency агенство

airline авиалиния

airport аэропорт

architect архитектор

arrival прибытие

attention внимание

beauty красота

bed and breakfast английская гостиница

boarding pass посадочный талон

booking office касса предварительной продажи

business class первый класс

cabin кабина летчика

camera фотоаппарат

carriage вагон

change пересадка

charter flight чартерный рейс

class класс

connection связь соединение

custom обычай традиция

delay задержка

departure отправление

direction  направление

disadvantage недостаток

distance расстояние

double room комната на двоих

entrance fare входная плата

exit вход

fare плата

first class первый класс

flight полет

gate выход на перрон

group группа

guide гид

guide book путеводитель

harbour гавань

highway шоссе

holiday-maker отдыхающий

hotel гостиница

information desk/office справочное

inn гостиница

inquiries справки

journey путешествие

lost property office стол находок

lounge фойе

luggage (baggage) багаж

     eg. bag сумка

           box коробка

           case портфель кейс

           suitcase чемодан

map карта

means of transportation средства транспорта

     eg. aeroplane самолет

           boat лодка корабль

          bus автобус

          coach междугородний автобус

          ferry паром

          helicopter вертолет

          plane самолет

          ship корабль

          train поезд

names of sights названия видов

      eg. castle замок

            ruins развалины

            zoo зоопарк

nature природа

non-smoking section зона для некурящих

parking парковка

passenger пассажир

photo фотография

platform платформа

pleasure удовольствие

porter носильщик

refreshments подкрепляющие закуски

registration form бланк регистрации

resort курорт

restroom туалет

safety belt ремень безопасности

security охрана секьюрити

schedule расписание

sights виды достопримечательности

sightseeing осмотр достопримечательностей

single room комната на одного

stewardess/ hostess стюардесса

tent палатка

terminal терминал

thing вещь

ticket билет

time-table расписание

tour тур турне

tourist турист

tourist class эконом класс

tourist office тур агентство

travel agency тур агентство

travel bureau тур агентство

traveller путешественник

travelling путешествие

trip путешествие

view вид

voyage морское путешествие

waiting room зал ожидания

way путь способ

different различный

exotic экзотический

express train скорый поезд

fast train скорый поезд

slow train медленный поезд

through train прямой поезд

fantastic потрясающий

foreign заграничный

picturesque живописный

single ticket билет в одну сторону

return ticket билет в обе стороны

sleeping carriage спальный вагон

wonderful чудесный

announce объявлять

arrange устраивать договариваться приводить в порядок

arrive in прибывать в страну

arrive at прибывать в аэропорт и т.п.

ask the way спросить дорогу

be afraid бояться

be against быть против

board всходить на борт

book in advance заказывать заранее

bring приносить

camp out располагаться лагерем

cancel отменять

carry нести

catch a train успеть на поезд

change trains пересесть с поезда на поезд

check in зарегистрироваться в аэропорту

check out выписаться из гостиницы

cross пересекать

delay запаздывать

enter входить

fasten the seat belts пристегнуть ремни

find находить

find oneself оказаться

fly летать

get on /off заходить /выходить из транспорта

get lost потеряться

give a lift подвезти

go by train ехать на поезде

go on a hike ходить в поход

go on a journey совершать путешествие

go on a trip совершать путешествие

go on an excursion ходить на экскурсию

go sightseeing осматривать достопримечательности

have a fire развести огонь костер

land приземляться

leave оставлять покидать

look for искать

look out осматриваться беречься

loose one’s way заблудиться

make a journey совершать путешествие

meet встречаться

miss пропустить

occupy занимать

pack упаковывать

park парковать

pass by проходить мимо обгонять

pull тянуть

push толкать

put up a tent ставить палатку

reach достигать

register регистрироваться

return возвращаться

run away убегать

sail плыть под парусом

see видеть

smoke курить

swim плыть

stay at останавливаться в

stop останавливаться

take a taxi брать такси

take photoes фотографировать

take the train ехать на поезде

travel путешествовать

turn back обернуться

visit посещать

walk идти пешком

  1. Въезд в страну и выезд. Visiting and leaving the country.

border граница

customs таможня

duty пошлина

embassy посольство

frontier граница

immigration иммиграция

passport control паспортный контроль

visa виза

duty-free беспошлинный

declare объявлять в декларации

go through customs пройти таможню

import ввозить

  1. Документы. Papers.

document документ

driving licence водительские права

insurance страховка

passport паспорт

pass a test сдать тест

3.Образование. Труд. Education. Work.

3.1.Система образования System of education.

3.1.1. Школьная жизнь, каникулы. School life, holidays.

ability способность

activity деятельность

assembly hall актовый зал

assignment задание

blackboard школьная доска

break перемена

canteen столовая

classmate одноклассник

classroom классная комната

composition сочинение

course курс

desk письменный стол

dictation диктант

discipline дисциплина

education образование

equipment оборудование

essay сочинение

exercise упражнение

exercise book тетрадь

form класс

grade оценка класс

headmaster  директор

headmistress директриса

importance важность

lecture лекция

lesson урок

mark отметка

meeting собрание встреча

mistake ошибка

music school музыкальная школа

names of days of the week название дней недели

names of subjects названия предметов

   eg. arithmetic арифметика

         computer science информатика

         economics экономика

         geography  география

         history история

         literature литература

         mathematics математика

         physics физика

         reading чтение

         science наука

         writing письмо

names of types of education названия типов образования

     eg. college колледж

          gymnasium гимназия

          lyceum лицей

          primary school начальная школа

          secondary school средняя школа

          university университет

note-book записная книжка

pen ручка

pencil карандаш

point of view точка зрения

principal директор

problem задача

record-book дневник

rule правило

school школа

schoolmate одноклассник

seminar семинар

society общество

student ученик

subject предмет

success успех  

task задание

teacher учитель

term семестр

test тест контрольная

text текст

textbook учебник

topic тема

tradition традиция

workshop мастерская

academic type ученик академического типа

academic year учебный год

attentive внимательный

complicated усложненный

difficult трудный

easy легкий

extra-curricular activities внеурочные занятия

important важный

individual индивидуальные

private частный

quick быстрый

right правильный

specialised специализированный

wrong неправильный

add прибавлять

answer отвечать

ask спрашивать

attend посещать

be good at быть хорошим в каком-л предиете

be mistaken ошибаться

be on duty дежурить

be satisfied быть удовлетворенным

calculate подсчитать

check проверять

come in time приходить во время

compare сравнивать

complete завершать

consider обдумывать

continue продолжать

copy делать копии

correct исправлять

count считать

create создавать

describe описывать

do the sums считать сумму

fail потерпеть неудачу

get достигать

get on делать прогресс

go on продолжать

guess угадывать

have classes иметь уроки по расписанию

include включать в себя

instruct обучать

join вступать

last длиться

learn учиться

learn by heart учить наизусть

look at смотреть на

look up a word смотреть в словаре

make progress делать прогресс

make reports писать доклады

miss пропускать

organise организовывать

pass an examination сдать экзамен

practise практиковаться

read читать

remember помнить

repeat повторять

sit down садиться

solve problems решать задачи

stand up вставать

study учиться

take a course брать курс

take an examination пробовать сдать экзамен

take notes делать заметки

take part принимать участие

teach учить

write писать

3.2. Планы на будущее, выбор профессии. Future plans, choosing a career.

ambitions целеустремления

career карьера

certificate свидетельство

diploma диплом

entrance examinations вступительные экзамены

faculty факультет

final examination выпускные экзамены

future будущее

job market рынок труда

vocational education профессиональное образование

admit принимать

apply for подавать заявление

become становиться

believe верить

come true осуществляться

choose выбирать

decide решать

dream мечтать

face сталкиваться лицом

give an opportunity давать возможность

have an opportunity иметь возможность

hope надеяться

offer предлагать

require требоваться

test проверять

  1. Мир коммуникаций. The world of communication.

4.1 Транспорт, передвижение по городу. Transportation, going around the city.

city transport городской транспорт

   eg. bike/bicycle велосипед

         bus автобус

         car автомобиль

         lorry грузовик

         motorcycle мотоцикл

         taxi/ cab такси

         trolley-bus троллейбус

         underground метро

corner угол

crossing переход

crowd толпа

driver водитель

light свет

main road главная улица

metro метро

motorway шоссе

one-way street улица с односторонним движением

pedestrian пешеход

policeman полицейский

road дорога

safety безопасность

safety belt ремень безопасности

sign дорожный знак

speed скорость

speed limit предел скорости

stop остановка

ticket билет

token жетон

traffic дорожное движение

traffic jam дорожная пробка

traffic lights светофор

tube метро труба

van фургон

way дорога

conventional традиционный

crowded переполненный

heavy traffic перегруженное движение

local местный

safe безопасный

vacant свободный незанятый

be in a hurry торопиться

be late опаздывать

be overcrowded быть переполненным

be sorry быть виноватым

cross переходить

drive вести машину

excuse извинять

follow следовать

get off сходить

get on садиться на

hire/ rent нанимать

keep содержать

move передвигаться

pay a fine платить штраф

ride ехать верхом

wait ждать

welcome приветствовать

4.2. Почта. Post.

airmail авиапочта

e-mail электронная почта

envelope конверт

fax факс

letter письмо

letter box почтовый ящик

mail почта

message послание

parcel посылка

pen friend друг по переписке

postcard почтовая открытка

post-office почтовое отделение

stamp марка

telegram телеграмма

telegraph телеграф

contact быть в контакте

correspond with переписываться

deliver доставлять

post отправлять по почте

receive получать

send отправлять

4.3. Радио, телевидение. Radio and television.

advertising рекламное объявление

cable television кабельное телевидение

channel канал

breakfast show утренние передачи

comedy комедия

commercial коммерческая реклама

current event текущие события

documentary документальный

drama пьеса

episode эпизод

listener слушатель

mass media средства массовой информации

news новости

newsreader ведущий новостей

programme программа

serial сериал

chat show ток шоу

quiz show шоу викторина

soap opera мыльная опера

source  источник

television телевидение

TV presenter ведущий телевидения

video film видео фильм

viewer зритель

special особенный

affect влиять

be on TV идти по телевизору

broadcast вещать

inform информировать

play a role играть роль

raise money собирать деньги

reflect отражать

show показывать

transmit передавать

4.4. Журналы газеты Magazines and newspapers.

article статья

copy экземпляр

editor редактор

foreign affairs иностранные дела

heading заголовок

headline заглавие

home news домашние новости

interview интервью

journalist журналист

library библиотека

magazine журнал

newspaper газета

page страница

paper бумага

politics политика

press пресса

report репортаж

reporter репортер

review отзыв ревю обзор

daily ежедневная

informative насыщенная информацией

monthly ежемесячная

weekly еженедельная

appeal привлекать внимание

contain содержать

cover охватывать

look through просматривать

publish публиковать

report on/ that сообщать о

widen расширять

  1. Изучаемый иностранный язык, его использование в мире. Foreign language you study and its use in the world.

conference конференция

dialogue диалог

dictionary словарь

expression выражение

information информация

interpreter переводчик

knowledge знание

language язык

mother tongue родной язык

names of languages названия языков

   eg. Dutch голландский

         English английский

         French французский

         German немецкий

         Italian итальянский

         Russian русский

         Spanish испанский

         Swedish шведский

original оригинал

percent процент

progress прогресс

question вопрос

report доклад

science наука

skill умение навык

translation перевод

word слово

foreign иностранный

international международный

native коренной

universal универсальный всемирный

be able быть в состоянии

communicate общаться

describe описывать

explain объяснять

give a chance давать шанс

improve улучшать

know знать

make up придумывать

master улучшать

mean иметь ввиду

pronounce произносить

say говорить

speak   говорить

translate переводить

  1. Мир творчества. Creativity.

6.1. Музыка. Music.

band оркестр

cassette кассета

cassette recorder кассетный магнитофон

choir хор

compact disc CD компакт диск

composer композитор

concert концерт

delight восторг

disc jockey диск жокей

feeling чувство

festival праздник

headphones наушники

hit хит

hit parade хит парад

jazz джаз

musician музыкант

names of musical instruments названия музыкальных инструментов

     eg. guitar гитара

           piano пианино

orchestra оркестр

pop music поп музыка

pop star поп звезда

record запись пластинка

record player проигрыватель

recording запись

rock рок музыка

singer певец певица

song песня

tape пленка

tape recorder магнитофон

videotape видеопленка

videorecorder видемагнитофон

amateur любитель

classical классический

favourite любимый

folk народный

great великий классный

popular популярный

appreciate ценить

compose сочинять музыку

give a performance давать представление

play musical instruments играть на музыкальных инструментах

6.2. Книги.

author автор

bookshop книжный магазин

chapter глава

character персонаж

fiction художественная литература

hero герой

idea идея

introduction вступление

library card читательский билет

names of types of books названия видов книг

    eg. adventure stories приключенческие рассказы

          biography биография

          detective stories детективные рассказы

          novel повесть роман

          page страница

          play пьеса

          poem стихотворение

          science fiction фантастика

          short story короткий рассказ

          thriller триллер

paragraph абзац

plot сюжет

reader читатель

poet поэт

reference book справочник

summary   краткое содержание

writer писатель

humorous юмористический

outstanding выдающийся

strange странный

talented талантливый

various разнообразный

be based on быть основанным на

borrow a book from брать книгу на время

include включать в себя

read читать

6.3. Кино, театр. Cinema, theater.

actor актер

actress актриса

animated cartoon мультфильм

ballet балет

ballet dancer балерина

booking office касса предварительной продажи

cinema кино

drama пьеса

effect эффект

film фильм

film star кинозвезда

joke шутка

movie кино

musical мьюзикл

opera опера

part роль

performance спектакль представление

play пьеса

producer продьюсер

row ряд

screen version экранная версия

seat место

show спектакль

theater театр

amazing поразительный

boring  скучный

brilliant великолепный

dull посредственный мрачный

funny смешной

be amused позабавиться

be on идти быть на афише

direct режиссировать

laugh смеяться

play играть

produce продьюсировать

sing петь

smile смеяться

star звезда

6.4. Изобразительное искусство. Visual arts.

art искусство

artist художник

culture культура

exhibit выставлять

exhibition выставка

fine arts изящные искусства

gallery галерея

masterpiece шедевр

opening hours часы работы

painter художник

painting картина

picture картина

portrait портрет

sculpture скульптура

still life натюрморт

style стиль

antique античный

remarkable значительный

close закрывать

create творить

draw рисовать

open открывать

paint рисовать красками

  1. No category

Variant 002 Раздел 1. Аудирование

Данные задания по теме «Английский язык. ЕГЭ. Эссе по английскому языку»
 взяты из разных источников и предлагаются в дополнение к презентации к учебнику

Объем эссе на английском языке — 200-250 слов.

Время выполнения задания — 40 минут.

Английский язык. Эссе. Темы для подготовки (задание С2)

Дорогие посетители сайта, данный раздел будет улучшаться и дорабатываться. Спасибо, что Вы с нами!

1.1. Эссе по теме: Art. Graffiti

Some people think that graffiti is another form of expressing art; others think that graffiti is a vandalism.

What is your opinion?

1.2. Эссе по теме: Art. Theatre and Cinema

Comment on the following Statement.

When cinema was invented some people predicted that theatre would not last very long but it still exists, attracts large audiences and is not likely to disappear.

What is your opinion?

Список английских слов по теме: Art. СКОРО!

2. Эссе по теме: Languages

Comment on the following statement.

Some people think that you can master the language only if you study it abroad, in the native speaking environment; others believe that you can become fluent in a for­eign language without ever visiting the country.

What can you say about learning languages in a native speaking envi­ronment?

3. Эссе по теме: Travelling

Comment on the following statement.

Some people believe that when you travel to other places, you experience new things and learn from them. Other people argue that most people who go on holiday to other countries just lie on the beach and don’t experience the local culture at all.

Do you think that young people learn anything by travelling to other places?

4. Эссе по теме: Books or Computers

Comment on the following statement.

The future of education – books or computers? What is your opinion? Are computers going to replace printed books in future?

5. Эссе по теме: Space Exploration

Comment on the following statement.

It’s reported that billions of dollars are spent on space exploration projects every year. Some people believe that this money should be used to solve problems on Earth.

What is your opinion? What problems should humanity solve first of all?

Список английских слов по теме: Space Exploration. СКОРО!

6.1. Эссе по теме: City and Country Life

Comment on the following statement.

My parents say the way they lived in the past was much quieter. However, I believe that young people are given a lot more life opportunities nowadays.

What is your opinion? Which way of life will be more satisfying for future gen­erations?

6.2. Эссе по теме: City and Country Life

Comment on the following statement.

Life in a big city is attractive to many people. But others consider it tiresome and tiring. What can you say about living in a big city?

Список английских слов по теме: City and Country Life. СКОРО!

7. Эссе по теме: TV shows

Comment on the following statement.

In many countries, reality TV shows about the lives and behaviour of ordinary people have become very popular. Some people say that these programmes are bad and that other kinds of programmes are much better.

8. Эссе по теме: Modern Technologies

Comment on the following statement.

According to a number of surveys young people can’t imagine their life without modern electronic technologies. Some of them can become dependent on them, which may have a negative effect on their mind.

Do you share this point of view?

Список английских слов по теме: Modern Technologies. СКОРО!

9. Эссе по теме: Sports

Comment on the following statement.

In the hectic world of today, people are searching for more ways of keeping fit and healthy. Some people prefer to go on Some exotic diets. However, some experts are against this.

What can you about going on a diet?

10. Эссе по теме: Extreme Sports

Comment on the following statement.

Some people think that extreme sports help to build character.

What is your opinion?

Список английских слов по теме: Extreme Sports. СКОРО!

11. Эссе по теме: Environmental Protection

Comment on the following statement.

Some people think that cars should be banned from the centers of big cities. What is your opinion?

12. Эссе по теме: Food

Comment on the following statement.

Some people prefer to eat out. However, many people still like to cook meals at home.

What is your opinion about having meals at home?

Список английских слов

Без особых прикрас можно сказать, что в экзамене ЕГЭ по английскому языку эссе является наиболее трудной задачей. Как можно правильно выразить свою мысль, дать ей логические аргументы, подкрепить их примерами и объяснениями, и при этом грамотно и без ошибок оформить текст, да еще и не выйти за пределы по количеству слов? В этой статье мы постараемся разобрать структуру эссе и дать советы по улучшению качества Вашего эссе.

Начнем с конца. Написанное Вами эссе будет оцениваться по следующим критериям:

Максимальное количество баллов, которое Вы можете получить за эссе – 14 баллов.

Перед тем как задумываться о правильном выполнении каждого критерия, сначала давайте сделаем наше эссе по английскому языку пригодным для проверки. Самое главное здесь – объем.

Формально Ваше эссе по английскому языку должно уложиться в 200-250 слов. Это не надо воспринимать буквально и паниковать, если Вы написали 198 слов. Однако, имейте в виду, что эссе не будет проверяться, если количество слов в нем менее 180. Если же у Вас получится более 275 слов, то проверяющий отсчитает от начала эссе 250 слов, отчертит остальное и проверит всё вплоть до черты. То есть, при первом раскладе Вы теряете всё эссе; при втором, скорее всего, потеряете заключение, что тоже немаловажно.

Прежде всего, Ваше эссе по английскому языку должно осветить ВСЕ аспекты, изложенные в задании, а также должно быть написанным в соответствующем стиле (нейтральном). Оно должно логично делиться на абзацы и соответствовать предложенному в задании плану.

Чтобы не запутаться в процессе написания Вашего эссе, надо потратить 5-7 минут на обдумывание плана и подготовку всех аргументов. Традиционно мы будем делить эссе на пять абзацев.

Абзац 1. Вступление

Здесь должна быть постановка проблемы. Поскольку постановка проблемы уже изложена в задании, Ваша задача – грамотно её пересказать. Именно ПЕРЕСКАЗАТЬ, а не перефразировать.

Совет: Не перечитывайте задание 10 раз, пока формулировки не вдолбятся Вам в голову. Тогда писать вступление своими словами будет очень и очень трудно. Прочитайте данную в задании ситуацию один или два раза, убедитесь, что Вы правильно её поняли. Закройте готовую ситуацию и попытайтесь её пересказать на английском языке именно так, как Вы её поняли, как будто Вы рассказываете об этом другу, который не понял, о чём там шла речь. ВНИМАНИЕ: после того как Вы это сделали, обязательно откройте ситуацию и убедитесь, что Ваш пересказ по сути совпадает с данной Вам ситуацией. Теперь можно ехать дальше.

Вместо банальных “Some people think, … Others think, …
” можно использовать:

Some people claim that …, while others argue that …

После того как Вы описали суть проблемы, можно задать непосредственно вопрос, на который Вы и будете отвечать в своём эссе. Например: “What is better: … or …?”, “What should we do: … or …?”
 и т.д.
В 2018 году вышло уточнение, которое отнесло риторические вопросы к стилистическим ошибкам. Поэтому их мы не используем.

Последним предложением вступительного абзаца Вы должны поставить цель Вашего эссе. Это можно сделать, например, так:

In this essay I will try to look upon this issue.

In this essay I will try to express my opinion on this issue.


In this essay I would like to express my point of view on this issue.


In this essay I will try to answer this question.

 (Это наиболее простой вариант, если предыдущие два Вам вспомнить будет трудно, вспомните его)

Абзац 2. Ваше мнение

Начать этот абзац логичнее всего с высказывания Вашей позиции касательно данного вопроса. Полезные фразы (обязательно соблюдайте данную пунктуацию!):

In my opinion, …

From my point of view, …


To my mind, …

Personally, I think that …


I am certain that …

 (Обратите внимание! Мы не сокращаем: пишем I am…)
As far as I am concerned, …

Далее надо дать 2-3 аргумента, подтверждающие Вашу точку зрения. Аргументы могут быть любые, если Вы их грамотно истолкуете. То есть такие, чтобы с ними сложно было поспорить (в разумных пределах, разумеется).

Совет: Лучше дать 2 аргумента и подробно их оправдать и привести примеры в их поддержку, чем 3 кратких и не полностью раскрытых. Помните, что количество слов в эссе ограничено.

Здесь не надо забывать про средства логической связи предложений. Первый аргумент хорошо начать с:

Firstly, …

To start with, …

To begin with, …

First of all, …

После того как Вы сформулировали первый аргумент, надо его подтвердить и/или дать пример в подтверждение. Вот самые простые модели, как это можно сделать:

, because …

. That is why …


. For example, …

Если Вы начинали словом “Firstly, …”
, то второй аргумент следует начать словом Secondly, …

Если первый аргумент шел с фразами “To start with, …”, “To begin with, …”, то второй можно начать следующими словами:

Moreover, …

Furthermore, …

Besides, …

In addition, …

Второй аргумент надо также подкрепить примером или доказательством.

Абзац 3. Противоположное мнение

Начинать абзац Вы будете с постановки противоположного мнения по предложенной теме или вопросу. Сделать это можно так:

Others believe that …

Some people argue that …


However, some people think that …

Далее следуют 1-2 аргумента, подтверждающие противоположное мнение. Советую изначально подумать о двух. А уж сколько в итоге написать: 1 или 2 – решите в процессе, исходя их получающегося размера Вашего эссе.

Совет: Противоположные аргументы Вам потом предстоит оспорить, поэтому, придумывая их изначально, продумывайте, как Вы будете их оспаривать. Если на придуманный аргумент Вам нечем возразить, лучше сразу его заменить на другой, чтобы не делать это во время написания эссе. Оно ведь тоже ограничено!

Совет: При оспаривании аргументов, Вы не должны повторять ничего из написанного во втором абзаце. Поэтому, если у Вас не получается придумать контраргумент, не повторяясь, попробуйте придумать что-то другое. Как вариант, Вы можете придумать другие аргументы «за», пока сочинение еще не написано. В любом случае, лучше это продумать изначально, пока Вы составляете план эссе, нежели чем в процессе написания!

Абзац 4. Ваши контраргументы

Суть этого абзаца – объяснить, почему Вы не согласны с противоположным мнением. Начать абзац можно, например, с предложения:

I cannot agree with this opinion because …

I am afraid I cannot agree with this idea because …


Немного странно звучит “I am afraid”, а не “I»m afraid”, но лучше не сокращать, т.к. за это можно поплатиться драгоценными баллами.

ВНИМАНИЕ: если Вы дали два аргумента в предыдущем абзаце, то и опровергнуть надо обязательно оба. Разграничить их можно следующими фразами:

As for …,

Speaking about …,

As far as … is concerned,

Совет: При опровержении противоположных аргументов лучше всего предлагать пути их решения, а не доказывать их недееспособность. Например, если кто-то считает, что домашние животные опасные, то не надо утверждать, что они, на самом деле, безобидные. Лучше обратить этот недостаток в достоинство, сказав, что зато они являются отличными охранниками в загородных домах.

Абзац 5. Заключение

Самая частая ошибка многих учеников: в заключении они просто высказывают свое мнение. Этого не достаточно. Ведь заключение относится ко всему эссе, а не только ко второму абзацу.

Таким образом, в заключении надо суммировать всё, о чем говорилось в эссе и выразить свою точку зрения. Также можно дать свои рекомендации по существующей проблеме. Самое главное: в заключении не должно быть никакой новой информации.

In conclusion, …

To sum up, …

To conclude, …

Далее даём читающему понять, что существует две точки зрения на данную проблему, и несмотря на противоположную точку зрения, мы всё-таки придерживаемся своей. Например, сделать это можно по следующей схеме:

Despite the fact that …, I am convinced that …

Taking into consideration different opinions on this issue, I believe that …

Языковое оформление эссе

После того как Вы написали ЕГЭ эссе по английскому, обязательно пересмотрите его еще раз на предмет возможных ошибок. Из моего опыта наиболее частых ошибок, советую обратить внимание на следующие вещи.

Очень часто финальным видом работы при проверке знаний английского языка является написание эссе. Многие ученики не любят его, поскольку уровень их владения языком недостаточно высок. Причина кроется в том, что для написания связного текста нужно хорошо владеть грамматической структурой английского предложения и иметь богатый запас активной лексики. Но на самом деле писать языку не так уж и сложно, главное — понять, с чего начать.

Ошибочно полагать, что слово «эссе» пришло к нам из английского языка. На самом деле оно имеет французские корни, а вот в английскую культуру это слово принёс всемирно известный философ и политический деятель.

В Англии этот жанр стал частью журналистики и приобрёл огромную популярность в 18-19 веках. Эссе — короткий прозаический текст, который выражает субъективное отношение человека к происходящему. по английскому языку содержит в себе вступление, основную часть, заключение.

Признаки

Любой жанр имеет в своей структуре конкретный образец, эссе по английскому языку не является исключением. Образец написания формируется на основе некоторых признаков. С помощью них вы с лёгкостью сможете определить, что перед вами — не что иное, как этот жанр литературы. Знание признаков жанра также поможет лучше понять его структуру и определиться, какие составные части обязательно должны присутствовать в этом виде сочинения. Давайте рассмотрим элементы, которые выделяют эссе среди других жанров литературы:

  • Узконаправленность.
     В отличие от других жанров литературы данный вид работы не может освещать несколько проблем. Наоборот, направлено на раскрытие одного вопроса, но очень глубоко.
  • Субъективность.
     Данный жанр не имеет целью показать, как относятся к проблеме все, он призван показать мнение одного человека, раскрыть отношение не общества, а индивида.
  • В эссе оценивается не информация, которую подаёт нам автор, а его внутренние качества
    , способность логически мыслить, мировоззрение и всё то, что отличает его от других людей.

Какие виды эссе существуют в английском языке?

Общая цель написания эссе по английскому языку — выразить свои мысли по поводу какого-нибудь явления, процесса или объекта. Но выражать свою мысль можно по-разному: находить позитивные и негативные стороны объектов, искать за и против. Поэтому в английском языке существует несколько видов эссе:

  1. Мнение, или Opinion Essay
     — в нем нужно выразить свою мысль по поводу конкретно заданного вопроса. Проблема в том, что при написании этого вида эссе важно уметь находить разные подходы к проблеме, смотреть на неё под разными углами. В этом эссе нельзя строго отстаивать свою позицию.
  2. За и против, или For and against essays.
     Вид эссе, который заставляет человека посмотреть на объект с двух сторон. Нет ничего абсолютно идеального или абсолютно порочного. Поэтому нужно уметь находить как плохие, так и хорошие стороны в любо вопросе. Нужно очень хорошо научиться писать этот вид эссе по английскому, ЕГЭ предполагает написание именно его.
  3. Предложение путей решения проблемы, или Suggesting solutions to problem.
     Основными проблемами всегда выступают глобальные негативные явления в окружающей среде и обществе. Посмотрев комплексно на определенный вопрос, ученик должен предложить решение.

На сколько частей делится эссе?

Ещё со школы мы знаем, что обычно текст состоит из несколько частей: вступление, тело текста и выводы. Эссе имеет такую же структуру, но в отличие от простого повествования оно должно иметь более сжатую информацию, при этом умещать в себе как можно больше фактов и субъективных доводов. Всё содержание работы — последовательная цепочка утверждений и доказательств к ним. Логичность — главное качество, которое поможет ребёнку написать эссе по английскому. ЕГЭ проверяет не только знания, но и умение мыслить.

Вступление

Вступление — это важный компонент в структуре повествования. Именно в этой части автор очерчивает проблему, которую ставит перед собой, пытается донести до читателя, как он относится к вопросу, затронутому в основной части. Также во вступлении он формирует список основных затронутых вопросов и фактов. Вступление должно быть как можно лаконичнее и содержать ключевые элементы проблемы. К тому же у экзаменатора при этом в сознании складывается психологический портрет испытуемого. Сочинение-эссе по английскому языку раскрывает образ мышления человека.

Основная часть

Она должна содержать все ваши мысли по поводу заданного вопроса. Главная часть текста состоит из цепочки «аргумент — доказательство». Нельзя говорить о каких-либо явлениях или объектах, если вы не можете их доказать. Для того чтобы правильно структурировать и логически подать информацию, обязательно следует делить текст на абзацы. Следует сказать, что при написании аргументы в основной части будут представлять две противоположности. И только при правильном структурировании текста можно хорошо написать эссе по английскому языку.

Заключение

Заключение — то, какие выводы были сделаны при рассмотрении данного вопроса. Именно в этой части нужно подвести все итоги своих рассуждений. Напишите общие положения, которые ранее были закреплены во вступлении и объяснены в основной части. Используйте слова-связки, которые помогут указать на то, что это конец эссе, и вы подводите итог всему написанному ранее. Как видите, структура эссе по английскому языку должна обязательно учитываться при написании.

По какому плану писать?

Придерживаясь конкретного плана написания, ученику будет легче сосредоточиться и не нервничать. По сути, любое эссе является текстом, сформированным по некоторым логическим правилам. Важно уметь использовать как дедуктивный (анализ информации от общего к частному), так и индуктивный (от частного к общему) способ логического рассуждения. Если работа основывается на логике, то при написании эссе по английскому языку план — важная часть подготовки. Ниже представлен алгоритм написания:

  • Хорошо обдумайте вопрос, который нужно осветить в эссе.
  • Определите, как вы относитесь к данному вопросу (из этого сформируйте вступление).
  • Выделите факты, которые как нельзя лучше определяют поставленную перед вами проблему.
  • Аргументируйте свои факты конкретными доводами
  • Выделите на каждый факт и аргумент к нему отдельный абзац, чтобы структурировать текст.
  • Обозначьте все наиболее существенные моменты эссе в заключении.

Для того чтобы легко и качественно написать эссе, мы подготовили несколько рекомендаций. Придерживаясь их, можно не только научиться хорошо писать сочинения на английском языке, но и понять, как обращаться с текстом:

  1. Темы эссе по английскому языку очень разнообразны, поэтому развивайте свои знания методом чтения книг и энциклопедий.
  2. Учитесь понимать английскую грамматику и старайтесь запоминать как можно больше лексики. Неправильная структура предложения и низкий словарный запас видны сразу, и это говорит о том, что вы не знаете языка.
  3. Всегда держите при себе черновик, правда, нужно уметь использовать его разумно. Не пытайтесь сначала написать там всё эссе, а потом переписать в чистовик. Наоборот, набросайте в черновике с эссе по английскому план написания, наиболее важные факты и аргументы к ним.
  4. Не забывайте, что играет очень важную роль. Неструктурированный текст выглядит некрасиво, а главное — сбивает с мысли и не даёт разложить информацию по полочкам.
  5. Стиль данного жанра является формальным, но если вам тяжело писать на официальном языке, то можете выбрать полуформальный, но ни в ком случае не используйте сленговые формы коммуникации.
  6. Лаконичность — не всегда плохое качество, в эссе очень важно уметь выбирать главную информацию и делать текст максимально информативным и как можно менее громоздким.
  7. Всегда учитывайте, что нужно не только написать текст, но и проверить его. Просчитывайте оптимальное количество времени, которое понадобится вам для сочинения, с учётом перечитывания.
  8. Любой факт, который вы освещаете, должен быть аргументирован и логически обоснован.
  9. Учитесь правильно излагать свои мысли. Никогда не подавайте те факты, о которых вы ничего не знаете или знаете очень мало. Будьте уверены в корректности написанных вами слов.
  10. Выучите слова-связки, которые служат для соединения частей текста и плавного перехода по ним. Помните, что в эссе по английскому языку клише — частое явление (We cannot ignore the fact that…, One must admit that…, In addition to…, According to some experts).
  11. Будьте мягкими в своих убеждениях. Поскольку эссе показывает субъективное восприятие предложенной проблемы, никогда не подчёркивайте свою полную правоту, ведь у других людей есть своё мнение по этому поводу, и оно может не совпадать с вашим. Также не трогайте скользкие темы, среди которых политика, религия и т. д.

Вводные фразы: что это такое и как они могут помочь

Эссе по английскому языку содержит в себе стандартные словоупотребления, которые помогают автору сформулировать свою мысль, подчеркнуть важность высказывания или объективность в своих оценках. Они называются вводными фразами. С их помощью эссе становится более структурированным и живым. Для каждой части высказывания существует огромное количество вводных фраз. Например, для вступления используют фразы, которые привлекают внимание читателя (Many people think … but others do not agree), в основной части применяют фразы-сравнения (From the other hand), в заключении будут актуальны фразы, которые указывают на составление выводов (To sum up). Обязательно используйте вышеприведенные варианты, они помогают прозрачно выражать мысли.

Наиболее распространённые ошибки

Написание эссе по английскому языку не обходится без недочетов, и этот факт очень важно учитывать, ведь кто предупреждён, тот вооружён.

Внимательно изучите список наиболее часто встречающихся ошибок, который будет представлен ниже, и сделайте для себя выводы: посмотрите, какие промахи из перечисленных вы не совершаете, а над какими нужно работать. Так вы сможете узнать свои слабые места и попробовать их исправить. Наиболее распространённым ошибками считаются:

— Скучное начало повествования.
 Очень важно уже с первых строчек заинтересовать проверяющего, показать, что он читает ваше эссе не потому, что ему просто нужно его оценить, а потому, что он найдёт полезную для себя информацию.

— Не проверенная лично вами работа.
 Только вычитав повторно свой текст, вы сможете найти в нем огрехи и недостающие элементы. Когда человек перечитывает написанное, он воспринимает его целостно. Не забывайте выделять время на проверку эссе.

— Сочинение строится на необоснованных фактах.
 Лучше сделать меньше, но качественнее. Выбирайте только те факты, которые сможете грамотно обосновать.

— Вопрос раскрыт не полностью.
 Несмотря на то что темы эссе по английскому языку разнообразны («Животные в зоопарке. Как вы к этому относитесь», «Компьютерные игры. За и против), научитесь полностью раскрывать свою позицию.

— Вы пытаетесь быть тем, кем не являетесь.
 Всегда пишите сочинения от чистого сердца и говорите только то, что думаете. Только тогда вас будут воспринимать как личность.

Эссе по иностранному языку требует качественного содержания и хорошей организационной структуры, а также грамотного языкового оформления.

Является одним из самых проблемных заданий при сдаче единого государственного экзамена. По сложности конкуренцию ему может составлять только аудирование. Поэтому тренировка в составлении эссе должна быть особенно усиленной и интенсивной.

С 2012 года время, выделенное на весь экзамен по иностранным языкам, увеличено до 180 минут. Так как остальные задания экзамена не были изменены, мы рекомендуем вам потратить дополнительное время именно на письменную часть (80 минут). Более того, уточняется план к заданиям, что может облегчить задачу в написании.

In my opinion, cars should not be allowed into the city centers as they add to pollution and poison the air we breathe. We must also think about the people who live in the center and suffer from the noise made by cars. Moreover, the streets in the center are usually narrow therefore people are often stuck in traffic for many hours and, as a result, arrive late at their destination. Final-ly, with ho cars in city centers, there would be no need for large ugly car parks, which would allow more space for parks. However, many people believe we would not be able to survive without cars because most of the products for shops and other businesses are transported by cars. Besides, they are afraid that public transport would be overloaded. I am sure it is possible to solve these problems by introducing a reliable high frequency tram service as well as developing the underground. As for goods, we could use electric vehicles for their delivery.

To sum up, I believe that a clean, reliable and environmentally friendly public service would encourage people to use public transport and help smooth the transition to a car-free zone.

Изучение иностранного языка – лучшее, что может быть, изучать его в стране, где на нем разговаривают. Согласны ли вы

Nowadays people spend lots of money in order to go to an English-speaking country to improve their language skills. But is it really the most effective way of learning a language? In my view, studying in a foreign country has certain drawbacks. Firstly, this way is very expensive as the tuition fee for overseas students is rather high. Besides, when you study abroad, you have to adapt to a very different way of life, which can be quite stressful. What is more, English teachers do not speak Russian so if you don’t know English well, you will not understand their explanation.

It is often assumed that it is better to study a language abroad because you can always use it speaking with native speakers. However, I doubt that we will have lots of opportunities to speak abroad as we do not know many people there. It is also believed that Russian teachers are not as qualified as those in England. I totally disagree with this opinion because Russian teachers can compare two languages and explain grammar rules better.

To sum up, I would argue that the best way to learn a language is to study it in your native country because you can always get the necessary help from your teachers. Moreover, today we have lots of opportunities to improve our skills such as communicating with English pen-friends over the Internet. I think that we should travel abroad so as to practise a language but not to study it.

Иностранные языки. Сейчас в школах изучают по 2-3 языка. За и против

Most people understand that without knowledge of foreign languages it is difficult to survive in the modern world. Therefore they send their children to schools where they can study two or even three foreign languages. However, is it good to study several languages simultaneously? On the one hand, foreign languages are the main part of our culture so they help us to expand our outlook. We cannot broaden our minds if we see the world only from the perspective of our own culture. In addition, learning languages is a good exercise for the intellect. Moreover, if pupils know at least one foreign language, they learn new languages much faster. On the other hand, many pupils find it confusing to learn two or three languages at a time, especially languages that are similar, because children usually mix up lots of words. Besides, some languages are tricky enough to learn. For example, in English there are more exceptions than rules. In this case, children can be overloaded with homework. More than that, some pupils do not know their native language well and learning several foreign languages could prevent them from mastering their own language.

In conclusion, I want to say that learning languages is extremely beneficial and I would like to know different foreign languages. However, I believe children should not learn too many languages at the same time so as not to get confused. They ought to get a solid base in one language before they start learning a new one. 16. Интернет. За и против We live in the age of information technology and nowadays the Internet is nearly as common as the telephone. No doubt that it is a unique invention, which has influenced all areas of our lives. However, some people consider the Internet one of the greatest evils of our time. On the one hand, the Internet is very useful, because it lets us access a world of facts, figures and knowledge. In addition, with the Internet, it is now possible to speak to friends and relatives any-where in the world cheaply and quickly. Other services are also available through the Internet such as booking tickets or buying things. Moreover, the Internet allows a lot of talented people to show the world their achievements and makes it easier to find a job. On the other hand, the Internet can become a disaster for our society, because people spend hours in front of their computers and neglect their everyday duties. Another worry is the activities of cybercriminals. For example, hackers can steal your money or even your property while cyberterrorists may ‘attack’ the world’s computers, causing chaos, and making planes and trains crash. What is more, leaders of different terrorist or oppositional organizations can use the Internet to find new followers.

In conclusion, I strongly believe that despite the criticisms by some and the fears of others, the Internet seems to have changed our world to the better and we must try to make the best use of it.

Клонирование. За и против

Recent advances in genetic biology have led us to quite a doubtful situation. People all over the world argue whether human cloning research should be controlled by the government as solving problems connected with human cloning is definitely not a piece of cake. In my opinion, human cloning experiments are extremely dangerous because there are huge risks of abnormalities in human clones. Moreover, if clones have been made, they will obviously have serious psychological problems connected with their unusual birth. Finally, there is no doubt that human cloning will change our perception of what is the value of a human life as we might change from having children to manufacturing them. However, scientists claim that human cloning could be very beneficial as therapeutic cloning could provide stem cells for regenerative medicine and tissues for transplantation. Besides, re-productive cloning will probably give parents who are both infertile an opportunity to have children. I am afraid that this technology is not safe enough to use on humans. It is also possible that clones will age quicker since the cell used in the cloning procedure has already been used in a real life individual.

To sum up, we must question whether human cloning is really worth it when weighed against the problems it raises. From my point of view, human reproductive cloning should be under the tight control of the government and the UN because it is dangerous to interfere with nature and the consequences can be really disastrous.

Книги или компьютеры. Кто победит в будущем

The latest advances in information technology make people think that schools of the future will use computers instead of printed books. Although electronic books have not been widely accepted yet, they have certain advantages over traditional paper volumes. But will they be able to replace printed books? In my opinion, students will be widely using computers for studying in the future. To begin with, computers can store lots of books in their memory and modern software allows us to find quickly the necessary information. Besides, with the interactive programs on computers studying will be much more exciting. What is more, electronic books will not degrade overtime like their printed counterparts. On the other hand, lots of disbelievers argue that computers will not replace printed books because a printed book is better for human eyes than a computer screen. In addition, books are cheaper and easier to use since they do not need electricity or the Internet connection. I cannot agree with this because modern computer screens emit no radiation and allow us to read even in low light conditions. Of course we will have to pay for electricity but I think it will be cheaper than to pay for printed books, which are very expensive nowadays.

To sum up, I think computers and printed books will peacefully coexist for years to come, but in the future technological progress will make it possible for students to carry laptops or even palmtops instead of traditional bags with lots of heavy books.

Компьютерные игры. За и против

People have always had different hobbies but technological progress has caused the appearance of computers and computer games, which can keep a child occupied for hours. However, adults consider computer games a complete waste of time. As for me, I believe computer games are more than mindless entertainment. To begin with, computer games can teach people to achieve their aims as they regularly put obstacles and traps in the way of players which are necessary to overcome in order to progress through the rest of the game. Additionally, computer games can be a valuable source of accidental learning that can be applied to school, home, and social events. Moreover, teachers have also started to appreciate educational games as an opportunity to make their lessons more exciting. Nevertheless, quite a few people are against this activity as they find it rather addictive and harmful for children’s health. They argue that computer games make students neglect their school work. However, if we learn to control our computer use and play games for an hour just to relax after a hard day at school, this will not do us any harm. What is more, modern technology made it possible to eliminate the bad effect of computers on our eyes.

To sum up, I believe that computer games have more advantages than drawbacks. They make us persistent, develop our logical reasoning and help us to escape from everyday problems. The thing is to find a right balance between virtual reality and everyday reality.

Космос. За и против исследований в космосе

Space exploration can mean a major leap for mankind. However, it is often criticized because the price for these space experiments is too high, especially while poverty still exists in many parts of the world. On the one hand, space research is extremely beneficial as it advances technology. As a result of this work, we have lots of inventions, which have made our lives much more comfortable. In addition, through the exploration of space, we could find new elements, minerals or even discover new laws of physics and eventually learn more about ourselves. What is more, space exploration will allow us to establish a human civilization on another planet as a hedge against the catastrophe that might occur on the Earth. On the other hand, the benefits of space exploration are not self-evident, no matter how real they are. It costs billions of dollars to fund the projects of space science whereas this money should rather be spent on meeting the needs of the underprivileged. Besides, some of the technology we develop through space science can be used in a destructive manner if it is in the wrong hands. Finally, a travel to space can be dangerous as we may discover something that is extremely harmful for the living beings on Earth.

To conclude, I want to say that space exploration satisfies the human desire for adventure therefore most people are interested in space research. Nevertheless, I believe our governments should find the right balance between social and space programs.

Из этой статьи вы узнаете, какие (слова-связки
) используются в письменной работе по английскому языку, например, в эссе. Это вид работы относится к официальному стилю и с 2014 года входит в ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Ознакомиться с правилами написания эссе можно здесь — В конце статьи вы найдете также ПОЛЕЗНЫЕ СОВЕТЫ,

Слова-связки в письменной работе по английскому языку

В любой письменной работе по английскому контролируется не грамматика, а логика,
 следовательно ваше эссе должно быть максимально логично. Чем логичнее вы напишите, тем понятнее будет ваше эссе проверяющему и тем больше баллов он вам поставит. Поэтому в эссе вы должны использовать различные вводные слова и сложно-подчинительные союзы
, говоря простым языком, слова-связки.

Разделим все слова-связки
 на группы, чтобы было понятнее, для чего они служат:

I. Opinion Words

Первая группа
 слов называется «opinion words
». Вы обязательно используете их, так как пишите «opinion-composition»:
To my mind, … — По моему мнению, …
From my point of view, … — С моей точки зрения, …
In my opinion, … — По моему мнению, …

II. Introducing Words

Вторая группа
 слов называется «introducing words
»
. Это слова, с помощью которых вы вводите первый и самый важный аргумент в защиту своей точки зрения:

To begin with, … — Для начала, …
To start with, … — Для начала, …
The first thing to be considered is … — Первое, чтобы я хотел рассмотреть, …

III. Listing Words

Третья группа
 слов называется «listing words
»
(list — по-английски «список»). Это слова, с помощью которых вы последовательно аргументируете свое мнение:
First of all, … — Во-первых, …
Second (ly), … — Во-вторых, …
In the second place I would like to mention … — На втором месте, …
Third (ly), … — В-третьих, …
Finally, … — В конце концов, …

IV. Adding Words

Четвертая группа
 слов называется «adding words»
. Это слова, с помощью которых вы можете добавлять аргументы в защиту своей точки зрения:
Moreover, … — Более того
What is more, … — Более того
More than that, … — Более того
Besides, … — Кроме того
In addition, … — В добавление
Furthermore, … — Более того
Next … — Следующее
Also … — Также
Plus … — К тому же

Слова Another thing & too
 — нельзя использовать в эссе, так как они относятся к неформальному стилю, характерному, например, для личного письма.

Третья и четвертая группы взаимозаменяемы!

V. Contrasting Words

Пятая группа
 слов — это «contrasting words»
. Обратите внимание, что именно с такого слова вы начинаете третий абзац эссе.

However, … — Однако …
Nevertheless, … — Тем не менее …
In contrast, … — В противоположность, …
On the other hand, … — С другой стороны, …

Слово But
 — нельзя использовать в эссе, так как оно относится к неформальному стилю, характерному, например, для личного письма.

VI. Giving Examples

Также в эссе можно приводить примеры и ссылаться на мнение разных авторитетных источников, поэтому запомните слова из следующей группы. Это группа слов называется «
giving examples»

.
for example, — например, …
such as — такие как
like — как, подобно
according to smb — согласно словам «кого-либо»

VII. Concluding Words

В последнем абзаце вы делаете вывод,
 поэтому начните его с одного слова из следующей группы на выбор. Это группа слов называется «
concluding words»

To sum up, … — В заключение, …
To conclude, … — В заключение, …
In conclusion, … — В заключение, …
All in all, … — В общем, …
All things considered, … — Принимая во внимание все изложенное, …

VIII. Cause and Effect Words

И, наконец, очень важная группа слов
, которая содержит причинно-следственные союзы:
as a result — в результате
as — так как
because — потому что
so — поэтому
that is why — поэтому
thus — таким образом

Обязательно используйте причинно-следственные союзы в эссе по английскому языку, так как они помогут вам выразить свои мысли логично, а это очень и очень ВАЖНО.

Изучите данный ниже шаблон эссе
, чтобы понять, как правильно использовать все вышеперечисленные слова-связки в эссе по английскому языку.

* * *

Но это еще не все! Самое сложное то, что написать эссе по английскому языку придется за ограниченное время — 40 минут. Как это сделать максимально эффективно?

КАК НАПИСАТЬ ЭССЕ ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ ЗА 40 МИНУТ

1) прочитайте задание и определите основную проблему;
2) определитесь со своей точкой зрения (вы за или против);
3) напишите аргументы (2-3) и их обоснование на черновике;
4) отразите различные аспекты проблемы (социальные, экономические, моральные);
5) раскройте один из аспектов более детально;
6) и, ГЛАВНОЕ, писать эссе следует без черновика, держа в уме шаблон эссе (ниже)

ВАЖНО:
Эссе относится к официальному стилю поэтому в эссе недопустимы
сокращения типа: isn’t, don’t, that’s why

фразовые глаголы и другие разговорные выражение типа характерные для неформального стиля (of course,
 etc.)
не используйте скобки и восклицательные знаки по той же причине
не начинайте предложение со слов But
 или And.
 Используйте вместо них любое слово из группы 4.

Main
ЕГЭ. Английский язык. Практикум. Аудирование

Book cover ЕГЭ. Английский язык. Практикум. Аудирование

Соловова Е.Н., Parsons John.

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М.: Центр изучения английского языка Елены Солововой, 2011. — 144 с.Практикум ориентирован на подготовку учащихся школы для успешной сдачи Единого государственного экзамена по английскому языку.
Предлагаемое пособие содержит информацию о структуре и содержании ЕГЭ по иностранному языку в целом и части «Аудирование».
В книге предложены пошаговые советы по эффективному выполнению каждого типа экзаменационного задания ЕГЭ 2011 года в разделе «Аудирование» и 20 вариантов тренировочных заданий каждого типа в формате ЕГЭ для отработки предложенных алгоритмов.
Выполнение заданий с учетом предлагаемой последовательности действий поможет быстрее сформировать нужные стратегии работы с данными типами заданий и сократить время на их выполнение на экзамене.
Помимо инструкций и заданий в пособие входят тексты аудиозаписей и ключи ко всем заданиям.
Данное пособие может быть использовано как в классе под руководством учителя, так и дома для самостоятельной работы.
Пособие предназначено учителям английского языка и методистам, учащимся старших классов школ и всем тем, кто готовит и готовится к ЕГЭ по английскому языку.

Conversion to is in progress

Источник

1) Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A—F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1—7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Прослушайте запись дважды.

1. In Russia one can see unique buildings.
2. This place has attractions connected with the sea.
3. This is not a typical Russian place.
4. This place is perfect for risky activities.
5. This place is very mysterious.
6. Russia is the best place to look at churches.
7. This place offers a great mixture of cultures.

Говорящий A B C D E F
Утверждение            

2) Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А—G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Прослушайте запись дважды.

A. The tourist has visited England before.
B. There is a number of sightseeing attractions in Windsor besides Windsor Castle.
C. The tourist hopes to see the Queen in Windsor.
D. The Household Cavalry Museum occupies a part of Windsor Castle.
E. The tourist wants to see Windsor Great Park on a separate day.
F. The receptionist claims that most tourists need more than one day to spend in Windsor.
G. The tourist wants to buy postcards with the town views.

Утверждение A B C D E F G
Соответствие диалогу              

3) Вы услышите интервью. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды.

What is the essence of Alice’s punctuation theory of screenwriting?
1) You should be careful with punctuation in your text.
2) Each part of a script should contain a certain focus.
3) There must be more questions than answers in a story.

4) Вы услышите интервью. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды.

Alice thinks conflict is necessary for a good dialogue because
1) in real life we quarrel very often too.
2) it is very interesting to the audience.
3) it reveals characters’ nice sides better.

5) Вы услышите интервью. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды.

What exercise does Alice recommend to screenwriters to practice dialogues?
1) Getting stuck in a broken lift.
2) Trying to make long conversations.
3) Writing dialogues between just two people.

6) Вы услышите интервью. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды.

What do we learn about Alice’s working space?
1) It’s in her office at work.
2) It’s packed with her possessions.
3) It’s located in a safe part of the city.

7) Вы услышите интервью. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды.

What is TRUE about Alice’s current plans?
1) Her new project is connected with humour.
2) She is thinking of a film about businessmen.
3) She is giving a presentation at a conference.

8) Вы услышите интервью. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды.

What does Alice NOT mention as one of the opportunities of attending screenwriting conferences?
1) Finding like-minded people.
2) Making important connections.
3) Starting new projects.

9) Вы услышите интервью. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды.

How does Alice sound at the end of the interview?
1) Modest.
2) Forgiving.
3) Grateful.

Источник
Подробности

47698

muzlanova1    
Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами В4-В10 соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения. TEST 06 (part 1)

The Pymatuning Story

B4

The name Pymatuning is of Indian origin and means ‘Crooked-mouthed man’s dwelling place, referring to an ancient Red Man who was not famous for truth telling.
(относящийся к …)

REFER

B5

Before the glaciers swept across northwestern Pennsylvania, the Pymatuning was what it is today — a lake.
(past simple, (sweep – swept — swept), т.к. ледники прокатились по северо–западной Пенсильвании в определённое время в прошлом)

SWEEP 

B6

However, later the lake was reduced to a swamp by the great ice movements which gouged out the hills of the area and filled in the valleys.
(past simple passive, т.к. озеро было уменьшено, а не само оно ч.л. уменьшило)

REDUCE

B7

Paradoxically, man has reversed works of the Ice Age to the joy of hunters, sportsmen and naturalists, creating a lake from this once great bog.
(present perfect, т.к. действие не заканчивается. Человек изменил и продолжает менять …)

REVERSE

B8

Today the lake is 16 miles long with 70 miles of shoreline and is the largest body of water in the state.
(степень сравнения)

LARGE 

B9

The Pymatuning is a major nesting site for Canada geese and other migra-tory birds.
(goose – ед.ч. geese – мн.ч.)

GOOSE

B10

Hunters may use the controlled goose area only once each year. Hunters entering the area must register and be issued / are issued an identification badge.
(present simple passive, т.к. это правила, т.е. общие утверждения. Им надо зарегистрироваться, а не зарегистрировать кого-то )

ISSUE

esse edit

Источник


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1

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

Воспользуйтесь плеером, чтобы прослушать запись.

A)  Lucy wasn’t at school for several days.

B)  Lucy felt bad because of overeating.

C)  Lucy’s mother is a doctor.

D)  Peter did exercises with the map of the UK.

E)  Peter is not afraid of the test.

F)  Peter offers his notes to Lucy.

G)  Lucy and Peter are going to review for the test later.

Запишите в ответ цифры, расположив их в порядке, соответствующем буквам:

A B C D E F G
             

1)  True

2)  False

3)  Not stated

Расшифровка записи

Peter: Hi, Lucy! You weren’t at school today.What is the matter? I was worried about you.

Lucy: Hi, Peter. It’s nothing serious, actually. I just felt a bit sick in the morning, so my mom let me stay at home.

Peter: You poor thing! And are you feeling better now?

Lucy: Yeah, much better, thank you. I guess it must have been the pizza that I ate yesterday. That was the reason for my bad stomachache. I had too much. But now, yeah, I feel all right. I think I won’t have to miss any more lessons this week.

Peter: But you haven’t been to the doctor’soffice, have you? Won’t you have problems at school because you missed classes? When I was ill last month, I brought a medical certificate to school.

Lucy: Well, my mom called our class teacher, so I don’t think there will be any problems. Besides we don’t have many lessons on Wednesdays. How was Geography, by the way? Did you take a test?

Peter: Oh, no, we didn’t, but we revised the material for the test. The teacher asked several people to do exercises with the map of the UK at the blackboard, and then we had a sort of contest in groups where we had to find different mountains, rivers and lakes — the quicker the better, that was fun! And we also checked our homework and asked the teacher questions ifwe were not sure about the answers. You know, I feel well-prepared for tomorrow’s test now.

Lucy: Wait a second! Are we going to take the test tomorrow? I can’t believe it!

Peter: Yes, our teacher said that we are starting a new topic next week, so we have to finish this one tomorrow. Do you need any help with geography?

Lucy: Uh, if you can lend me your exercise-book with notes and checked homework, that would save me hours.

Peter: I am afraid I can’t give you my exercise-book right now because I have to revise the material for the test myself. But if you call me in two hours, we could probably study for the test together.

Lucy: Sounds like a great idea. And thanks somuch for offering to help. It’s so nice to have a friend like you.

Peter: No problem. See you later then. Bye for now.

Lucy: Bye, Peter.

Источник: Демонстрационная версия ЕГЭ—2015 по английскому языку, Демонстрационная версия ЕГЭ—2016 по английскому языку

2

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

Воспользуйтесь плеером, чтобы прослушать запись.

A)  Jeff hired a designer to decorate his room in Japanese style.

B)  Jeff and Mark made friends not long ago.

C)  Mark doesn’t give any money to run the home.

D)  Mark is quite an obstinate and untidy person.

E)  Jeff hopes to change Mark’s lifestyle.

F)  Being a night owl Mark works the night shifts on TV.

G)  Jeff wants his friend to start playing football.

Запишите в ответ цифры, расположив их в порядке, соответствующем буквам:

A B C D E F G
             

1

Задания Д A1 № 10

Вы услышите диалог дважды. Определите, является ли следующее утверждение верным, или неверным, или о нем нет информации.

Воспользуйтесь плеером, чтобы прослушать запись.

Jeff hired a designer to decorate his room in Japanese style.

1) True

2) False

3) Not stated

Расшифровка записи

Todd: Hey, Jeff, this is a very nice room.

Jeff: Hmm. It’s comfortable and cozy. It’s in Japanese style.

Todd: I like it. It’s got the tatami mat, and some beautiful vases. Oh, you have a pretty small kitchen. Do you live alone?

Jeff: Right now I have a friend of mine staying with me. His name is Mark. He’s my childhood friend.

Todd: Oh, really, sort of a room-mate.

Jeff: Sort of a room-mate, yes. Short term, he’s staying with me short-term, so yes, a room-mate.

Todd: OK, how’s that going?

Jeff: Ah, I don’t like it.

Todd: Why?

Jeff: He’s lazy. He’s messy. He doesn’t exercise and eats junk food. And well, you know, Mark contributes nothing to the household budget. He’s so careless.

Todd: Oh, so he lives here and he doesn’t cover his living expenses.

Jeff: Well, yeah. But what annoys me most is that he’s lazy, and he doesn’t do much all day.

Todd: That’s got to be pretty irritating.

Jeff: He’s a great fellow. He’s a good friend of mine, but, yeah, he’s a disgusting slob, I try to encourage him to do a few things but he’s a tough one. He doesn’t want to do anything.

Todd: Are you going to tell him he has to move out?

Jeff: Ah, no, he’s a smart man. He knows the deal. He knows what’s going on, and I think he’s, yeah, I would never ask him to move out because I don’t mind having him here but I’m just going to try to whip him into shape.

Todd: Oh, so you’re just going to try to change him so he becomes a better roommate?

Jeff: I’m going to try to, yeah, try to get him a better schedule, a better schedule (yeah) like exercise and eating right and smoking less and watching TV less.

Todd: Well, what is his schedule?

Jeff: Ah, his schedule is, he’s like a night owl, when he goes to bed I go to work. He stays up most of the night watching TV, and then he sleeps most of the day recovering, and then when he gets up he has a headache. He’s a bit sluggish and slow. It’s not a healthy option. Actually, I would like him to take up some kind of sport or sports games.

Todd: Yeah, but it doesn’t sound like it’s going to happen. Good luck.

Jeff: Thanks. I’ll probably need it.

3

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

Воспользуйтесь плеером, чтобы прослушать запись.

A)  The job gives Lisa an opportunity to travel abroad.

B)  The check-in process at the airport makes Lisa nervous.

C)  Lisa always feels comfortable during the flight.

D)  When on business trips Lisa doesn’t have to work long hours.

E)  On her business trips Lisa signs a lot of important contracts.

F)  Lisa spends a lot of money in duty-free shops.

G)  There is a computer in the business lounge for passengers who want to do some urgent work.

Запишите в ответ цифры, расположив их в порядке, соответствующем буквам:

A B C D E F G
             

Расшифровка записи

Speaker one: So, Lisa, I see your suitcase’s out, you are going on a trip.

Lisa: I’m going to Taiwan on a business trip.

Speaker one: A business trip? How do you feel about taking business trips?

Lisa: I love getting out of London for, you know, 3 or 4 days, and staying at a nice hotel somewhere in Europe or America, and taking a flight somewhere.

Speaker one: So you like to travel?

Lisa: I love travelling!

Speaker one: You don’t mind staying in different hotels and travelling by planes all the time? Don’t you get bored?

Lisa: No, never. I mean, I don’t always like the whole process of checking in at the airport because it takes a lot of time, but somehow, I’ve got used to queueing and stay calm. Then there’s waiting for the plane. It’s so long and tiring. I always feel bored, but as soon as I am in the plane and the doors close, I love it. No one can contact me, I can’t contact anyone else, there are free movies playing and the food comes. It’s wonderful!

Speaker one: So it seems you like living in a bubble. It’s like a mini-vacation.

Lisa: Well, when I go on business trips, my working day is up to 14 hours. In terms of my workload, it’s a lot busier than when I’m at home, but somehow it does feel like a mini-vacation. I stay in nice hotels, I get to take taxis everywhere, which I love to do, you know, I eat at great restaurants and meet some great people and do some important things. So yeah, I really do love the whole aspect of a business traveller’s life.

Speaker one: So what do you do to try to avoid being bored when you’re waiting to board the plane?

Lisa: Well, the first thing I do is I never get to the airport too early. As I’m a frequent flier, I check in and then I, unfortunately, go to the duty-free shop. I say «unfortunately», cause it’s unfortunate for my credit card, nit really unfortunate for me. I go to the duty-free shop, normally I buy some perfume or cosmetics, sometimes I go to the business lounge, where there are free drinks and food, and if I do get to the airport a couple of hours earlier, I do some urgent work

Speaker one: I see. Sounds like an exciting lifestyle.

Lisa: It’s fun! I wouldn’t give it up for anything else.

4

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

Воспользуйтесь плеером, чтобы прослушать запись.

A)  Mike is five years older than his sister.

B)  The family members live in different parts of the country.

C)  Mike’s father had a very happy childhood.

D)  Mike’s father retired because of his poor health.

E)  Mike’s mother and father first met each other being on holidays.

F)  Mike and his sister do not seem to be very close.

G)  Mike and his sister were brought up in the same way.

Запишите в ответ цифры, расположив их в порядке, соответствующем буквам:

A B C D E F G
             

1

Задания Д A1 № 148

Вы услышите диалог дважды. Определите, является ли следующее утверждение верным, или неверным, или о нем нет информации.

Воспользуйтесь плеером, чтобы прослушать запись.

Mike is five years older than his sister.

1) True

2) False

3) Not stated

Расшифровка записи

Interviewer: So Mike, you mentioned your family, do you have a big family?

Mike: No, I have a fairly small family, actually, including me there are only four people in my family.

Int: So it’s your mother, your father, you…

Mike: And my sister.

Int: Oh, and your sister. OK, is your sister younger or older than you?

Mike: She’s younger. She’s just started university actually.

Int: OK, that’s nice. So where does your family live right now?

Mike: Ah, my mother and my father live in Victoria in Canada and my sister is on the other side of Canada in Montreal in Quebec and I live in the capital.

Int: Well, tell me about your father. What’s your father like?

Mike: My father is pretty much the most interesting person I know. He tells different kinds of stories about his childhood, and his growing up.

Int: Did he grow up in Canada?

Mike: No, he grew up in Liverpool, in England.

Int: OK, nice, and what does your father do?

Mike: Ah, he was a pilot until five years ago. It was kind of tragic, he had a heart attack and he wasn’t allowed to fly anymore.

Int: Oh, I’m sorry.

Mike: He’s fine now, yeah.

Int: OK, what about your mother? Does she work?

Mike: No, she doesn’t. She used to work. They both worked for Cathay Pacific airline. My mother was a stewardess and my father was a pilot. She was first introduced to him as a new member of the crew when they flew together to Osaka.

Int: Oh, what a story. OK and what about your sister? You said that she’s a student.

Mike: She’s a student. She’s in her first year in McGill University which is in Quebec. I haven’t spoken to her lately so I don’t know how she’s doing.

Int: So you and your sister, are you similar or quite different?

Mike: Oh, we are definitely quite different.

Int: How so?

Mike: I was a rebellious type. I pretty much laid the foundation for my sister to get all the freedoms that she has — Mum and Dad treat her differently now. But she doesn’t appreciate any of those things. Another way that we’re different is that she’s really into arts and drawing and painting and making music whereas I’m more into the technical side of things, like computer making, fixing cars.

Int: So it sounds like you are quite different. Well, maybe she’ll listen to this and she’ll appreciate you more.

Mike: I hope so.

5

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

Воспользуйтесь плеером, чтобы прослушать запись.

A)  Ruth speaks English with a strong accent.

B)  Moving to Spain made Ruth split up with her boyfriend.

C)  Ruth loves Irish dance very much.

D)  Ruth thinks that people behave differently in big cities in Ireland.

E)  Bray is an industrial town.

F)  The area around Bray is mountainous.

G)  Ruth might visit her home town in the autumn.

Запишите в ответ цифры, расположив их в порядке, соответствующем буквам:

A B C D E F G
             

1

Задания Д A1 № 240

Вы услышите диалог дважды. Определите, является ли следующее утверждение верным, или неверным, или о нем нет информации.

Воспользуйтесь плеером, чтобы прослушать запись.

Ruth speaks English with a strong accent.

1) True

2) False

3) Not stated

Расшифровка записи

John: I’m sorry, what was your name again?

Ruth: My name is Ruth Archibald.

John: OK, Ruth, are you from Ireland?

Ruth: Yes, I am.

John: I’ve noticed your slight Irish accent.

Ruth: Really? I thought I lost my Irish accent after moving south, from Ireland to Spain.

John: What was it like going from Ireland to Spain?

Ruth: Ah, it was a depressing change I guess. I had longterm friends back home, you know, friends from school, and there were some boys and girls I’ve known since I was born. I needed to make new friends and to find a place to hang out. But it’s OK now.

John: I’ve never been to Ireland. What’s famous about Ireland that you can tell me about?

Ruth: Probably the most famous things are Guinness and Irish clog-dance — dancing in wooden shoes.

John: Do you dance in wooden shoes?

Ruth: Unfortunately not. I think only a few people can do this.

John: I’ve heard that people’s manners are pretty rough and ready in Ireland. Is that true?

Ruth: No, I don’t think so. I think it depends on where you go in Ireland. In the capital, yes, maybe people are a bit less polite, but in the countryside they’re very warm and friendly.

John: OK, so if I went to a bar or a disco in Ireland, would there be any risk of getting into trouble?

Ruth: I don’t think so. No. No. It’s really safe. You don’t really think that all Irish people are rude and short-tempered.

John: Oh, no. No…. And where exactly are you from?

Ruth: I’m from a place called Bray, which is maybe an hour’s drive from the capital, Dublin but far away from the main industrial centres. It’s clean and calm.

John: What is the geography like?

Ruth: It’s pretty flat. There are some hills but none of them are very high and the area around the city has been intensively cultivated — there’s a lot of farming, particularly beef and dairy products and also sheep. There are lots of sheep.

John: When are you going back?

Ruth: I’ve just been there. I went back in December for three weeks, so at the moment I have no plans to go home in the near future, but maybe sometime in September I’ll go again.

John: Maybe I’ll go and visit it sometime.

Ruth: Definitely. It’s really good. It’s a really nice place to visit.

Пройти тестирование по этим заданиям

Источник

Предлагаем попробовать свои силы и выполнить полное аудирование в формате ЕГЭ. Ответы и полные тексты к аудио даны в спойлерах. Здесь представлен вариант 5.

Задание 1

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего А-F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1-7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды.

Play Задание 1

1. Sadly, many forests are cut down so that homes can be built.
2. In some ways, people can help a forest grow.
3. An unattended fire is a forests worst enemy.
4. We should try to avoid sacrificing forests for farmland.
5. Whatever you bring into the forest must leave with you.
6. A person’s wooden furniture was once an animal’s home.
7. Eco-tourism can raise money to protect forests and the species that live in them.

ответ

A – 5
B – 1
C – 3
D – 4
E – 2
F – 6

Speaker A: My family and I used to go camping when I was a kid. We had such great fun together, sitting by the campfire, roasting marshmallows and telling stories. I didn’t pay much attention to it then> but some of our fellow campers had some bad habits. You would see empty crisp packets and plastic bottles here and there. It wasn’t enough to put you off, but still, the campers should have taken those things with them on their way out.

Speaker B: We’ve all read those terrible stories about the state of the world’s forests, that they’re being cut down or burnt down and little is being done to stop it. It’s disheartening to say the least. I realise that countries grow and need space to accommodate their expanding populations. But still, whenever they clear the woods to build a new residential area, they are destroying wildlife habitat. Where are the birds and the animals going to live?

Speaker С: Camping is a terrific pastime. Still, there are rules to follow when camping in a forest. Breaking some of the rules might not land you in hot water; but one that will is walking away from a campfire while it’s still burning. Even if it’s just on its last smoking embers, all it takes is a few dried leaves to create a raging inferno. You’ll destroy the forest and harm the animals who live there.

Speaker D: Forests are cleared for a number of reasons, and sadly, the progress of mankind has been bad news for our planets trees. As our population continues to grow, more people need food to put on their dinner table. And that means more needs to be grown. Forests have disappeared because land was needed to grow vegetables or herd cattle. It’s too bad we can’t find a way to produce the things we eat without tearing down a forest to do it.

Speaker E: When a fire is ravaging a forest, it’s hard to stop it. The firemen do their job, although their main concern is saving homes. After the fire ends, there’s a mess left to deal with. A forest regenerates over time, but there are organisations that can give it a boost. They gather seeds and plant them in individual containers. When the trees are big enough, they plant them in the forest, giving it a chance to regenerate faster.

Speaker F: On a recent camping trip, my friend spotted a raccoon while we were sitting by the campfire. It quickly ran away when we noticed it, and my friend left the fire to see where it went. She found its whole family in a tree! But I remember her saying, ‘One day, their home could be gone!’ She was right. Many trees are cut down just to end up as someone’s desk. I hope that never happens to that tree.

Задание 2

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений A-G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated).

Play Задание 2

A) Rob did a lot of walking during his trip to Paris.
В) Jessica didn’t go to Paris with Rob because of her job.
С) Jessica has moved house many times before.
D Rob didn’t have to wait in a queue to climb the stairs.
E) Rob used the lift to get back down from the tower.
F) Rob visited several places the day he visited the Louvre.
G) Jessica will try to convince her parents to take her to Paris.

ответ

A – 1
B – 2
C – 3
D – 1
E – 3
F – 2
G – 1

Jessica: Well, look who’s back from Paris! How was your trip, Rob?

Rob: Hey Jessica, it was really fantastic. I totally loved it. It was a bit tiring, walking round so much, but it was worth it. We definitely had some adventures.

Jessica: I imagine you did! I wanted to go with you but it was very bad timing, what with my family moving house. That was a really big job, you know.

Rob: Right. Well, hopefully you’re all settled in.

Jessica: There are still lots of things to do, unpacking boxes, hanging pictures on the wall, that sort of stuff And I’m not quite used to the new house yet. I’m sure I’ll get used to it in time. So, tell me more about your trip.

Rob: Well, the first day we did the typical tourist things. We walked down the Champs-Elysees, which was remarkable. Then we walked to the Eiffel Tower. The goal was the go to the top, but not in the way we actually did it!

Jessica: Oh, how so?

Rob: The queue for the lift was about two hours long. But the one for the stairs was non-existent! So we decided to climb!

Jessica: Oh, wow. That’s interesting. Good exercise! How long did it take you?

Rob: It took us about forty-five minutes. The view was really spectacular. You can’t take the stairs all the way to the top, though. At some point you have to catch the lift. So we had to wait in the queue for that, although not for very long.

Jessica: Sounds as if you had a great time at the tower. What else did you do?

Rob: The next day we visited the Louvre. Like I said, we did all the touristy stuff Although I have to say, I didn’t feel like a tourist there. It was a very cultural experience. We saw the Mona Lisa and loads of other paintings and statues. The museum is huge as well. That was an all-day event!

Jessica: Oh, I’m so jealous! I’m going to have to beg my parents to take me. It’s all their fault, deciding to move house when my classmates take a trip to Paris!

Rob: Ha! Yeah, that’s a good excuse to get them to take you there. Good luck with that!

Jessica: I’ve got to run, but let’s talk more later, OK?

Rob: Deal. See you later, Jessica.

Задание 3

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях выберите правильный вариант ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

Play Задание 3

1. As a personal shopper, Lisa needs to know …
1) how clothes should be cared for.
2) how much clients spend on clothes.
3) what clothes her clients have bought before.

2. What is Lisa’s job situation like?
1) She works for only one client.
2) She is employed at one shop only.
3) She is in charge of gift buying.

3. For an appointment with a personal shopper, clients have to …
1) pay a set charge for the service.
2) call the shop to book.
3) be available for around 90 minutes.

4. How does Lisa seem to feel about the role of a salesperson?
1) She simply says it’s not her job.
2) She looks down upon the role.
3) She admires the work they do.

5. The majority of Lisa’s recommendations are …
1) based on a person’s body type.
2) for people with high-powered jobs.
3) for people who like going out a lot.

6. How does Lisa convince difficult clients to try new styles?
1) She suggests they get a second opinion from another personal shopper.
2) She recommends that they change their hair colour and make-up.
3) She makes them put new clothes on and have a look.

7. The male personal shopper says that …
1) he has few male clients making appointments.
2) men are easy-going about trying new styles.
3) men often know a lot about the clothes they wear.

ответ

1 – 1
2 – 2
3 – 3
4 – 1
5 – 1
6 – 3
7 – 2

Presenter: Hi folks and welcome to the show, Easy Living. With us today is Lisa Jones. She’s here to talk about her job as a personal shopper. Thanks for joining the programme, Lisa.

Speaker: I’m happy to be here.

Presenter: So tell us what you do as a personal shopper.

Speaker: A personal shopper does a number of things. We’re stylists, so we help people find the right clothes for their lifestyle. We also advise on what type of clothes to buy, which is based on body type as well as personal style, and we advise on how to take care of clothes – whether a type of clothing will shrink in the wash or if it must be drycleaned.

Presenter: How does that work exactly? Can anyone just make an appointment?

Speaker: That’s right. You ring up the shop, or you can visit their website, and you book an appointment. Appointments usually last for about an hour and a half. 7here’s no extra fee for it, actually. I’m paid a percentage of the clothing they buy

Presenter: So you hope they buy a lot of clothes, yes?

Speaker: My number one goal is that they leave the shop satisfied. I don’t want to come over like a salesperson. There are other people in the shop with that role. If I seem that way, I’m not really doing my job. So my focus is on finding the right clothes for the right person.

Presenter: How do you go about doing that?

Speaker: As I said before, a person’s body type is the biggest consideration. Many people buy clothes that don’t fit properly. Because of my experience, I know what styles work best for that. I also try to learn about the client’s lifestyle. Maybe they have a high-level executive position, but also like to socialise in the evenings, so they want clothes that work for both occasions. Others want casual clothes or outfits for different purposes.

Presenter: Do you feel that a lot of people have trouble picking out outfits?

Speaker: Some clients have a good idea of what they want and make sensible choices on their own, but they’d like a second opinion. Others are harder work. I’ve had women who insisted on buying certain colours that didn’t work for their skin type and hair colour. I had to say, “Let’s just try this on and tell me what you think.” Once I’d got them into the right clothes, they were surprised at the difference it made.

Presenter: Do you ever have men booking appointments?

Speaker: More and more often, yes. I don’t do appointments with men myself. We have another personal shopper for that department He’s quite busy and from what I understand, there are easier things about choosing for men, and more difficult things, too. He explains that the men are usually more open to trying new things, but they don’t have a clue about clothes. I think he’s got his work cut out for him!

Источник

Task 1 Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

Fire Crews Hunt Escaped Hamster

Eight firefighters have been called in to help find an escaped hamster. Two crews used a chocolate-covered camera and a vacuum cleaner A ____ , called Fudgie, at the home of a six-year-old girl in Dunbar, Scotland.

The girl’s mother said: ‘We came down for breakfast and discovered Fudgie had opened the top lid of her cage and had made her way into the kitchen and we think she has gone В ____ .’

The fire crews spent five hours trying to recover the pet after it ran down a hole in the kitchen floor. But, the hamster still refused С ____ .

In the search for Fudgie, the firefighters took the family cooker and gas pipes apart. They also dropped a mini-camera coated with chocolate under the floorboards. They then hoped to take out the hamster using a vacuum cleaner. Despite all their efforts, they failed to find Fudgie.

In the end, the firefighters put another camera down the hole D ____ , connected to the screen of the family home computer, to see if Fudgie appeared. Besides, the girl and her parents regularly dropped food E ____ .

At last, after eight days the hamster returned to her cage safe and sound. She crawled from the hole in the kitchen floor early in the morning. It was the girl’s father who first found Fudgie F ____ .

The girl said that day it was like Christmas morning for her. Her parents added that they too felt extremely happy when Fudgie had finally returned.

  1. through a small hole in the floor

  2. through the hole for the hamster

  3. and locked the runaway hamster

  4. to come out of the hole

  5. to look after the pet

  6. to try and locate the missing hamster

  7. and left it under the floorboards

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

6

1

4

7

2

3

Task 2

Speed of eating is ‘key to obesity’

If you eat very quickly, it may be enough to increase your risk of being overweight, research suggests.

Osaka University scientists looked at the eating habits of 3,000 people. Just about half of them told researchers that they A ______ . Compared with those who did not eat quickly, fast-eating men were 84% more likely to be overweight, and women were 100% more likely to В ______ .

Japanese scientists said that there were a number of reasons why eating fast С ______ . They said it could prevent the work of a signalling system which tells your brain to stop eating because your stomach is full. They said: ‘If you eat quickly you basically fill your stomach before the system has a chance to react, so you D _____ .

The researchers also explained that a mechanism that helps make us fat today, developed with evolution and helped people get more food in the periods when they were short of it. The scientists added that the habit of eating fast could be received from one’s parents genes or E ______ .

They said that, if possible, children should be taught to F ______ , and allowed to stop when they felt full up at mealtimes. ‘The advice of our grandmothers about chewing everything 20 times might be true — if you take a bit more time eating, it could have a positive influence on your weight.

  1. just overfill your stomach

  2. could be bad for your weight

  3. have a habit of eating quickly

  4. linked to obesity

  5. eat as slowly as possible

  6. put on weight

  7. learned at a very early age

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

3

6

2

1

7

5

Task 3

Hi-Tech Brings Families Together 

Technology is helping families stay in touch like never before, says a report carried out in the US.

Instead of driving people apart, mobile phones and the Internet are A ____ . The research looked at the differences in technology use between families with children and single adults. It found that traditional families have more hi-tech gadgets in their home В ____ . Several mobile phones were found in 89% of families and 66% had a high-speed Internet connection. The research also found that 58% of families have more С ____ .

Many people use their mobile phone to keep in touch and communicate with parents and children. Seventy percent of couples, D ____ , use it every day to chat or say hello. In addition, it was found that 42% of parents contact their children via their mobile every day.

The growing use of mobile phones, computers and the Internet means that families no longer gather round the TV to spend time together. 25% of those who took part in the report said they now spend less time E ____ . Only 58% of 18—29 year olds said they watched TV every day. Instead the research found that 52% of Internet users who live with their families go online F ____ several times a week and 51% of parents browse the web with their children.

Some analysts have worried that new technologies hurt families, but we see that technology allows for new kinds of connectedness built around cell phones and the Internet/ said the report.

  1. than any other group

  2. watching television

  3. in the company of someone else

  4. than two computers in the home

  5. communicated with their families

  6. helping them communicate

  7. owning a mobile

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

6

1

4

7

2

3

Task 4

The Power of ‘Hello’ 

I work at a company where there are hundreds of employees. I know most of them and almost all of them know me. It is all based on one simple principle: I believe every single person deserves to be acknowledged, A ______ .

When I was about 10 years old, I was walking down the street with my mother. She stopped to speak to Mr. Lee. I knew I could see Mr. Lee any time around the neighborhood, В ______ .

After we passed Mr. Lee, my mother said something that has stuck with me from that day until now. She said, ‘You let that be the last time you ever walk by somebody and not open up your mouth to speak, because even a dog can wag its tail С______ . That phrase sounds simple, but it has been a guidepost for me and the foundation of who I am. I started to see that when I spoke to someone, they spoke back. And that felt good. It is not just something I believe in — D ______ . I believe that every person deserves to feel someone acknowledges their presence, no matter how unimportant they may be.

At work, I always used to say ‘hello’ to the founder of the company and ask him how our business was doing. But I was also speaking to the people in the cafe, and asked how their children were doing. I remembered after a few years of passing by the founder, I had the courage to ask him for a meeting. We had a great talk.

At a certain point, I asked him E ______ . He said, ‘If you want to, you can get all the way to this seat.’ I have become vice president, but that has not changed the way I approach people. I speak to everyone I see, no matter where I am. I have learned that speaking to people creates a pathway into their world, F ______ .

  1. it has become a way of life.

  2. when it passes you on the street.

  3. when you see him and talk to him.

  4. and it lets them come into mine, too.

  5. so I did not pay any attention to him.

  6. however small or simple the greeting is.

  7. how far he thought I could go in his company.

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

6

5

2

1

7

4

Task 5

Friendship and Love

 A strong friendship takes a significant amount of time to develop. It will not just magically mature overnight. A friendship involves committing oneself to help another person A ______ . I believe that, nothing can replace a true friend, not material objects, or money, and definitely not a boy.

I met this guy a couple summers ago who I ended up spending almost all of my free time with. His parents did not approve of our dating because of our age difference, В ______ . He had told me the day we met that he had joined the air force and would leave for overseas that coming October. After three months had past, the time came when he had to leave. This left me feeling completely alone.

I turned to my friends for support, but to my surprise, С ______ . I had spent so much time with this guy and so little time with them, that they did not feel sorry for me when he left. For so long they had become the only constant in my life, and I had taken them for granted over something D ______ .

When my boyfriend came back, our relationship changed. I tried to fix all the aspects in my life that had gone so wrong in the previous six months.

This experience taught me that true friendships will only survive if one puts forth effort to make them last. Keeping friends close will guarantee that E ______ . When a relationship falls apart, a friend will always do everything in their power to make everything less painful. As for me, I try to keep my friends as close as I can. I know they will always support me in whatever I do, and to them, I F ______ .

  1. but we did anyway.

  2. whenever a need arises.

  3. they did not really care.

  4. whenever they need your help.

  5. could not guarantee would even last.

  6. am eternally grateful for a second chance.

  7. someone will always have a shoulder to cry on.

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

2

1

3

5

7

6

Task 6

Mobile phones

 On New Year’s Day, 1985, Michael Harrison phoned his father, Sir Ernest, to wish him a happy new year. Sir Ernest was chairman of Racal Electronics, the owner of Vodafone, A ______ .

At the time, mobile phones weighed almost a kilogram, cost several thousand pounds and provided only 20 minutes talktime. The networks themselves were small; Vodafone had just a dozen masts covering London. Nobody had any idea of the huge potential of wireless communication and the dramatic impact В ______ .

Hardly anyone believed there would come a day when mobile phones were so popular С ______ .But in 1999 one mobile phone was sold in the UK every four seconds, and by 2004 there were more mobile phones in the UK than people. The boom was a result of increased competition which pushed prices lower and created innovations in the way that mobiles were sold.

When the government introduced more competition, companies started cutting prices to attract more customers. Cellnet, for example, changed its prices, D ______ . It also introduced local call tariffs.

The way that handsets themselves were marketed was also changing and it was Finland’s Nokia who made E ______ . In the late 1990s Nokia realized that the mobile phone was a fashion item: so it offered interchangeable covers which allowed you to customize and personalize your handset.

The mobile phone industry has spent the later part of the past decade reducing its monthly charge F ______ , which has culminated in the fight between the iPhone and a succession of touch screen rivals.

  1. trying to persuade people to do more with their phones than just call and text

  2. that there would be more phones in the UK than there are people

  3. and relying instead on actual call charges

  4. that mobile phones would have over the next quarter century

  5. the leap from phones as technology to phones as fashion items

  6. and his son was making the first-ever mobile phone call in the UK

  7. the move to digital technology, connecting machines to wireless networks

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

6

4

2

1

5

3

Task 7

London Zoo

 London Zoo is one of the most important zoos in the world. There are over 12,000 animals at London Zoo and A ______ ! Its main concern is to breed threatened animals in captivity. This means we might be able to restock the wild, should disaster ever befall the wild population.

Partula Snail, Red Crowned Crane, Arabian Oryx, Golden Lion Tamarin, Persian Leopard, Asiatic Lion and Sumatran Tiger are just some of the species London Zoo is helping to save.

That is why it is so important that we fight to preserve the habitats that these animals live in, as well as eliminate other dangers В ______ . But we aim to make your day at London Zoo a fun and memorable time, С ______ .

In the Ambika Paul Children’s Zoo, for instance, youngsters can learn a new love and appreciation for animals D ______ . They can also learn how to care for favourite pets in the Pet Care Centre.

Then there are numerous special Highlight events E ______ unforgettable pony rides to feeding times and spectacular animal displays. You will get to meet keepers and ask them what you are interested in about the animals they care for, F ______ .

Whatever you decide, you will have a great day. We have left no stone unturned to make sure you do!

  1. such as hunting exotic animals and selling furs

  2. as well as the ins and outs of being a keeper at London Zoo

  3. which take place every day, from

  4. because they see and touch them close up 

  5. despite the serious side to our work

  6. which demand much time and effort

  7. that is not counting every ant in the colony

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Task 8

‘Second Stonehenge’ discovered near original

 Archaeologists have discovered evidence of what they believe was a second Stonehenge located a little more than a mile away from the world-famous prehistoric monument.

The new find on the west bank of the river Avon has been called «Bluestonehenge», after the colour of the 25 Welsh stones of A______.

Excavations at the site have suggested there was once a stone circle 10 metres in diameter and surrounded by a henge — a ditch with an external bank, according to the project director, Professor Mike Parker Pearson, of the University of Sheffield.

The stones at the site were removed thousands of years ago but the sizes of the holes in B ______ indicate that this was a circle of bluestones, brought from the Preseli mountains of Wales, 150 miles away.

The standing stones marked the end of the avenue C _____, a 1¾-mile long processional route constructed at the end of the Stone Age. The outer henge around the stones was built about 2400BC but arrowheads found in the stone circle indicate the stones were put up as much as 500 years earlier.

Parker Pearson said his team was waiting for results of radiocarbon dating D _____ whether stones currently in the inner circle of Stonehenge were originally located at the other riverside construction.

Pearson said: «The big, big question is when these stones were erected and when they were removed — and when we get the dating evidence we can answer both those questions.»

He added: «We speculated in the past E ______ at the end of the avenue near the river. But we were completely unprepared to discover that there was an entire stone circle. Another team member, Professor Julian Thomas, said the discovery indicated F______was central to the religious lives of the people who built Stonehenge. «Old theories about Stonehenge that do not explain the evident significance of the river will have to be rethought,» he said. Dr Josh Pollard, project co-director from the University of Bristol, described the discovery as «incredible».

  1. which could reveal

  2. which they stood

  3. which it was once made up

  4. that this stretch of the river Avon

  5. that there might have been something

  6. that it should be considered as integral part

  7. that leads from the river Avon to Stonehenge

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Task 9

Australia

 Australia was the last great landmass to be discovered by the Europeans. The continent they eventually discovered had already been inhabited for tens of thousands of years.

Australia is an island continent A _____ is the result of gradual changes wrought over millions of years.

B ____, Australia is one of the most stable land masses, and for about 100 million years has been free of the forces that have given rise to huge mountain ranges elsewhere.

From the east coast a narrow, fertile strip merges into the greatly eroded Great Dividing Range, C ____.

The mountains are merely reminders of the mighty range, D ____. Only in the section straddling the New South Wales border with Victoria and in Tasmania, are they high enough to have winter snow.

West of the range of the country becomes increasingly flat and dry. The endless flatness is broken only by salt lakes, occasional mysterious protuberances and some mountains E ____. In places the scant vegetation is sufficient to allow some grazing. However, much of the Australian outback is a barren land of harsh stone deserts and dry lakes.

The extreme north of Australia, the Top End, is a tropical area within the monsoon belt. F ____, it comes in more or less one short, sharp burst. This has prevented the Top End from becoming seriously productive area.

  1. that once stood here

  2. that is almost continent long

  3. whose property is situated to the north of Tasmania

  4. whose landscape — much of bleak and inhospitable

  5. whose beauty reminds of the MacDonald Ranges

  6. Although its annual rainfall looks adequate on paper

  7. Although there is still seismic activity in the eastern highland area

Ответ

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Task 10

Scotland Yard

 Scotland Yard is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police in London. To most people, its name immediately brings to mind the picture of a detective — cool, efficient, ready to track down any criminal, or a helmeted police constable — A____ and trusty helper of every traveller from overseas.

Scotland Yard is situated on the Thames Embankment close to the Houses of Parliament and the familiar clock tower of Big Ben, and its jurisdiction extends over 740 square miles with the exception of the ancient City of London, B____.

One of the most successful developments in Scotland Yard’s crime detection and emergency service has been the “999 system”. On receipt of a call the 999 Room operator ascertains by electronic device the position of the nearest available police car, C ____. Almost instantly a message is also sent by teleprinter to the police station concerned so that within seconds of a call for assistance being received, a police car is on its way to the scene. An old-established section of the Metropolitan police is the Mounted Branch, with its strength of about 200 horses stabled at strategic points. These horses are particularly suited to ceremonial occasions, D ____.

An interesting branch of Scotland Yard is the branch of Police Dogs, first used as an experiment in 1939. Now these dogs are an important part of the Force. One dog, for example, can search a warehouse in ten minutes, E ____.

There is also the River Police, or Thames Division, which deals with all crimes occurring within its river boundaries.

There are two other departments of Scotland Yard – the Witness Room (known as the Rogues’ Gallery) where a photographic record of known and suspected criminals is kept, and the Museum, F ____.

  1. which is contacted by radio

  2. that familiar figure of the London scene

  3. for they are accustomed to military bands

  4. which possesses its own separate police force

  5. which contains murder relics and forgery exhibits

  6. that this policeman will bring the criminal to justice

  7. whereas the same search would take six men an hour

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Task 11

Harry Potter course for university students 

Students of Durham University are being given the chance to sign up to what is thought to be the UK’s first course focusing on the world of Harry Potter. Although every English-speaking person in the world knows about Harry Potter books and films, few have thought of using them as a guide to … modern life.

The Durham University module uses the works of JK Rowling A ______ modern society. “Harry Potter and the Age of Illusion” will be available for study next year. So far about 80 undergraduates have signed В ______ a BA degree in Education Studies. Future educationalists will analyse JK Rowling’s fanfiction from various points of view.

A university spokesman said: “This module places the Harry Potter novels in a wider social and cultural context.” He added that a number of themes would be explored, С ______ the classroom, bullying, friendship and solidarity and the ideals of and good citizenship.

The module was created by the head of the Department of Education at Durham University. He said the idea for the new module had appeared in response D ______ body: “It seeks to place the series in its wider social and cultural context and will explore some fundamental issues E ______ . You just need to read the academic writing which started F ______ that Harry Potter is worthy of serious study.”

  1. up for the optional module, part of

  2. to emerge four or five years ago to see

  3. to examine prejudice, citizenship and bullying in

  4. such as the response of the writer

  5. including the world of rituals, prejudice and intolerance in

  6. to growing demand from the student

  7. such as the moral universe of the school

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Task 12

Laughing and evolution

 The first hoots of laughter from an ancient ancestor of humans could be heard at least 10 million years ago, according to the results of a new study. Researchers used recordings of apes and babies being tickled A ______ to the last common ancestor that humans shared with the modern great apes, which include chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans.

The finding challenges the opinion В ______ , suggesting instead that it emerged long before humans split from the evolutionary path that led to our primate cousins, between 10m and 16m years ago.

“In humans, laughing can be the strongest way of expressing how much we are enjoying ourselves, but it can also be used in other contexts, like making fun of someone,” said Marina Davila Ross, a psychologist at Portsmouth University. “I was interested in С ______ .”

Davila Ross travelled to seven zoos around Europe and visited a wildlife reserve in Sabah, Borneo, to record baby and juvenile apes D ______ . Great apes are known to make noises that are similar to laughter when they are excited and while they are playing with each other.

Davila Ross collected recordings of laughter from 21 chimps, gorillas, orangutans and bonobos and added recordings of three babies that were tickled to make them laugh.

To analyze the recordings, the team put them into a computer program. “Our evolutionary tree based on these acoustic recordings alone showed E ______ , but furthest from orangutans, with gorillas somewhere in the middle.” said Davila Ross. “What this shows is strong evidence to suggest F ______ .”

  1. whether laughing emerged earlier on than humans did

  2. to create the evolutionary tree linking humans and apes

  3. that laughter is a uniquely human trait

  4. that humans were closest to chimps and bonobos

  5. that laughing comes from a common primate ancestor

  6. while their caretakers tickled them

  7. to trace the origin of laughter back

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Task 13

Nenets culture affected by global warming

 For 1,000 years the indigenous Nenets people have migrated along the 450-mile- long Yamal peninsula in northern Russia. In summer they wander northwards, taking their reindeer with them. In winter they return southwards.

But this remote region of north-west Siberia is now being affected by global warming. Traditionally the Nenets travel across the frozen River Ob in November A ___ around Nadym. These days, though, this annual winter migration is delayed. Last year the Nenets, together with many thousands of reindeer, had to wait until late December В ____ .

“Our reindeer were hungry. There wasn’t enough food,” Jakov Japtik, a Nenets reindeer herder, said. “The snow is melting sooner, quicker and faster than before. In spring it’s difficult for the reindeer to pull the sledges. They get tired,” Japtik said.

Herders say that the peninsula’s weather is increasingly unpredictable — with unseasonal snowstorms  С ___, and milder longer autumns. In winter, temperatures used to go down to -50°C. Now they are normally around -30°C, according to Japtik. “Obviously we prefer -30°C. But the changes aren’t good for the reindeer D ___,” he said, setting off on his sledge to round up his reindeer herd.

Even here, in one of the most remote parts of the planet, E __ . Last year the Nenets arrived at a regular summer camping spot and discovered that half of their lake had disappeared. The water had drained away after a landslide. The Nenets report other curious changes — there are fewer mosquitoes and a strange increase in flies. Scientists say there is unmistakable evidence F ___ .

  1. when the ice was finally thick enough to cross

  2. that the impact on Russia would be disastrous

  3. the environment is under pressure

  4. and in the end what is good for the reindeer is good for us

  5. and set up their camps in the southern forests

  6. that Yamal’s ancient permafrost is melting

  7. when the reindeer give birth in May

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Task 14

Duration of life and its social implications

The world’s population is about to reach a landmark of huge social and economic importance, when the proportion of the global population over 65 outnumbers children under 5 for the first time. A new report by the US census bureau shows A____ , with enormous consequences for both rich and poor nations.

The rate of growth will shoot up in the next couple of years. The В ___ a combination of the high birth rates after the Second World War and more recent improvements in health that are bringing down death rates at older ages. Separate UN forecasts predict that the global population will be more than nine billion by 2050.

The US census bureau was the first to sound the С ___ . Its latest forecasts warn governments and international bodies that this change in population structure will bring widespread challenges at every level of human organization, starting with the structure of the family, which will be transformed as people live longer. This will in turn place new burdens on careers and social services providers, D ___ for health services and pensions systems.

“People are living longer and, in some parts of the world, healthier lives,” the authors conclude. “This represents one of the greatest achievements of the last century but also a significant challenge E ___ population.”

Ageing will put pressure on societies at all levels. One way of measuring that is to look at the older dependency ratio, F ___ that must be supported by them. The ODR is the number of people aged 65 and over for every 100 people aged 20 to 64. It varies widely, from just six in Kenya to 33 in Italy and Japan. The UK has an ODR of 26, and the US has 21.

  1. which recently replaced Italy as the world’s oldest major country

  2. alarm about these changes

  3. a huge shift towards an ageing population

  4. change is due to

  5. while patterns of work and retirement will have huge implications

  6. which shows the balance between working-age people and the older

  7. as proportions of older people increase in most countries

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Task 15

Elephants sense ‘danger’ clothes

 St Andrews University researchers discovered that elephants could recognise the degree of danger posed by various groups of individuals. The study found that African elephants always reacted with fear A ______ previously worn by men of the Maasai tribe. They are known to demonstrate their courage by В ______ .

The elephants also responded aggressively to red clothing, which defines traditional Maasai dress.

However, the elephants showed a much milder reaction to clothing previously worn by the Kamba people, С ______ and pose little threat.

The researchers first presented elephants with clean, red clothing and with red clothing that had been worn for five days by D ______ .

They revealed that Maasai-smelt clothing motivated elephants to travel significantly faster in the first minute after they moved away.

They then investigated whether elephants could also use the colour of clothing as a cue to classify a potential threat and found the elephants reacted with aggression E ______ . This suggested that they associated the colour red with the Maasai.

The researchers believe the distinction in the elephants’ emotional reaction to smell and colour might be explained by F ______ . They might be able to distinguish among different human groups according to the level of risk they posed.

«We regard this experiment as just a start to investigating precisely how elephants ‘see the world’, and it may be that their abilities will turn out to equal or exceed those of our closer relatives, the monkeys and apes,» researchers added.

  1. either a Maasai or a Kamba man

  2. who do not hunt elephants

  3. when they detected the smell of clothes

  4. who carried out the research

  5. the amount of risk they sense

  6. spearing elephants

  7. when they spotted red but not white cloth

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Task 16

Culture and customs

 In less than twenty years, the mobile telephone has gone from being rare, expensive equipment of the business elite to a pervasive, low-cost personal item. In many countries, mobile telephones A ___ ; in the U.S., 50 per cent of children have mobile telephones. In many young adults’ households it has supplanted the land-line telephone. The mobile phone is В ___ , such as North Korea.

Paul Levinson in his 2004 book Cellphone argues that by looking back through history we can find many precursors to the idea of people simultaneously walking and talking on a mobile phone. Mobile phones are the next extension in portable media, that now can be С ___ into one device. Levinson highlights that as the only mammal to use only two out of our four limbs to walk, we are left two hands free D ___ — like talking on a mobile phone.

Levinson writes that “Intelligence and inventiveness, applied to our need to communicate regardless of where we may be, led logically and eventually to telephones that we E ___ .”

Given the high levels of societal mobile telephone service penetration, it is a key means for people F ___ . The SMS feature spawned the «texting» sub-culture. In December 1993, the first person-to-person SMS text message was transmitted in Finland. Currently, texting is the most widely-used data service; 1.8 billion users generated $80 billion of revenue in 2006.

  1. to perform other actions

  2. outnumber traditional telephones

  3. to communicate with each other 

  4. combined with the Internet

  5. to serve basic needs

  6. banned in some countries

  7. carry in our pockets

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Task 17

My Stage

 My family moved to Rockaway, New Jersey in the summer of 1978. It was there that my dreams of stardom began.

I was nine years old. Heather Lambrix lived next door, and she and I became best friends. I thought she was so lucky A ___ . She took tap and jazz and got to wear cool costumes with bright sequences and makeup and perform on stage. I went to all of her recitals and В ___ .

My living room and sometimes the garage were my stage. I belonged to a cast of four, which consisted of Heather, my two younger sisters, Lisa and Faith, and I. Since I was the oldest and the bossiest, I was the director. Heather came with her own costumes С ___ . We choreographed most of our dance numbers as we went along. Poor Faith … we would throw her around D ___ . She was only about four or five … and so agile. We danced around in our bathing suits to audiocassettes and records from all the Broadway musicals. We’d put a small piece of plywood on the living room carpet, E ___ . And I would imitate her in my sneakers on the linoleum in the hall. I was a dancer in the making.

My dad eventually converted a part of our basement into a small theater. He hung two “spotlights” and a sheet for a curtain. We performed dance numbers to tunes like “One” and “The Music and the Mirror” from A Chorus Line. I sang all the songs from Annie. I loved to sing, F ___. I just loved to sing. So I belted out songs like “Tomorrow”, “Maybe” and “What I Did For Love.” I knew then, this is what I wanted to do with my life.

  1. like she was a rag doll

  2. whether I was good at it or not

  3. wished I, too, could be on stage

  4. and I designed the rest

  5. and I was star struck

  6. so Heather could do her tap routine

  7. because she got to go to dance lessons

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Task 18

Cat’s punctuality

 Sergeant Podge, a Norwegian Forest Cat, disappears from his owner’s home in a small town in Kent, every night. But what baffles his owner, Liz Bullard, mostly is the fact that the next morning, the 12-year-old cat always pops up in exactly the same place, A ___ . And every morning Ms. Bullard takes her son to school before collecting Sergeant Podge.

She said that the routine had set in earlier this year, when Sergeant Podge disappeared one day. Ms. Bullard spent hours telephoning her neighbours В ___ .

An elderly woman living about one and a half miles away called back to inform Ms. Bullard that she had found a cat matching Sergeant Podge’s description. Ms. Bullard picked him up but within days he vanished from sight again. She rang the elderly woman С ___ .

She said a routine has now become established, where each morning she takes her son to school before driving to collect Sergeant Podge D ___ .

It is thought Sergeant Podge walks across a golf course every night to reach his destination.

Ms. Bullard said: “If it’s raining he may be in the bush but he comes running if I clap my hands.” All she has to do is open the car passenger door from the inside for Sergeant Podge to jump in.

Ms. Bullard also makes the trip at weekends and during school holidays — E ___ .

She does not know why, after 12 years, Sergeant Podge has begun the routine but explained that another woman who lived nearby used to feed him sardines, and that he may be F ___ .

His owner doesn’t mind his wandering off at night as long as she knows where to collect him.

  1. on the look-out for more treats

  2. from the pavement between 0800 and 0815 GMT

  3. to discover Sergeant Podge was back outside her home

  4. on a pavement about one and a half miles (2.4km) away

  5. to identify if anyone had bumped into him

  6. when her son is having a lie-in

  7. collected by car every morning

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Task 19

Do you speak English?

When I arrived in England I thought I knew English. After I’d been here an hour I realized that I did not understand one word. In the first week I picked up a tolerable working knowledge of the language and the next seven years convinced me gradually but thoroughly that I A ______ , let alone perfectly. This is sad. My only consolation being that nobody speaks English perfectly.

Remember that those five hundred words an average Englishman uses are B ______ . You may learn another five hundred and another five thousand and yet another fifty thousand and still you may come across a further fifty thousand C ______ .

If you live here long enough you will find out to your greatest amazement that the adjective nice is not the only adjective the language possesses, in spite of the fact that D ______ . You can say that the weather is nice, a restaurant is nice, Mr. Soandso is nice, Mrs. Soandso’s clothes are nice, you had a nice time, E ______ .

Then you have to decide on your accent. The easiest way to give the impression of having a good accent or no foreign accent at all is to hold an unlit pipe in your mouth, to mutter between your teeth and finish all your sentences with the question: “isn’t it?” People will not understand much, but they are accustomed to that and they will get a F ______ .

  1. whatever it costs

  2. most excellent impression

  3. you have never heard of before, and nobody else either

  4. in the first three years you do not need to learn or use any other adjectives

  5. would never know it really well

  6. far from being the whole vocabulary of the language

  7. and all this

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Task 20

Before the Hubble Space Telescope was launched, scientists thought they knew the universe. They were wrong.

The Hubble Space Telescope has changed many scientists’ view of the universe. The telescope is named after American astronomer Edwin Hubble, A ______ .

He established that many galaxies exist and developed the first system for their classifications.

In many ways, Hubble is like any other telescope. It simply gathers light. It is roughly the size of a large school bus. What makes Hubble special is not what it is, B ______ .

Hubble was launched in 1990 from the “Discovery” space shuttle and it is about 350 miles above our planet, C ______ .

It is far from the glare of city lights, it doesn’t have to look through the air, D ______ .

And what a view it is! Hubble is so powerful it could spot a fly on the moon. Yet in an average orbit, it uses the same amount of energy as 28100-watt light bulbs. Hubble pictures require no film. The telescope takes digital images E ______ .

Hubble has snapped photos of storms on Saturn and exploding stars. Hubble doesn’t just focus on our solar system. It also peers into our galaxy and beyond. Many Hubble photos show the stars that make up the Milky Way galaxy. A galaxy is a city of stars.

Hubble cannot take pictures of the sun or other very bright objects, because doing so could “fry” the telescope’s instruments, but it can detect infrared and ultra violet light F ______ .

Some of the sights of our solar system that Hubble has glimpsed may even change the number of planets in it.

  1. which is above Earth’s atmosphere.

  2. which are transmitted to scientists on Earth.

  3. which is invisible to the human eye.

  4. who calculated the speed at which galaxies move.

  5. so it has a clear view of space.

  6. because many stars are in clouds of gas.

  7. but where it is.

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Task 21

The science of sound, or acoustics, as it is often called, has been made over radically within a comparatively short space of time. Not so long ago the lectures on sound in colleges and high schools dealt chiefly with the vibrations of such things as the air columns in organ pipes. Nowadays, however, thanks chiefly to a number of electronic instruments engineers can study sounds as effectively A ____ . The result has been a new approach to research in sound. Scientists have been able to make far-reaching discoveries in many fields of acoustics B _____ .

Foremost among the instruments that have revolutionized the study of acoustics are electronic sound-level meters also known as sound meters and sound-intensity meters. These are effective devices that first convert sound waves into weak electric signals, then amplify the signals through electronic means C ______ . The intensity of a sound is measured in units called decibels. “Zero” sound is the faintest sound D ______ . The decibel measures the ratio of the intensity of a given sound to the standard “zero” sound. The decibel scale ranges from 0 to 130. An intensity of 130 decibels is perceived not only as a sound, but also E ______ . The normal range of painlessly audible sounds for the average human ear is about 120 decibels. For forms of life other than ourselves, the range can be quite different.

The ordinary sound meter measures the intensity of a given sound, rather than its actual loudness. Under most conditions, however, it is a quite good indicator of loudness. Probably the loudest known noise ever heard by human ears was that of the explosive eruption in August, 1883, of the volcano of Krakatoa in the East Indies. No electronic sound meters, of course, were in existence then, but physicists estimate that the sound at its source must have had an intensity of 190 decibels, F ______ .

  1. and finally measure them.

  2. since it was heard 3,000 miles away.

  3. and they have been able to put many of these discoveries to practical use.

  4. that loud sound is of high intensity.

  5. as they study mechanical forces.

  6. as a painful sensation in the ear.

  7. that the unaided human ear can detect.

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Task 22

Chocolate 

Chocolate is made from a number of raw and processed foods produced from the seeds of tropical cacao trees. Cacao has been cultivated in A ______ at least 3000 years. For most of this time it was made into a drink called, in translation — “bitter water”. This is because В ______ to be fermented to develop a palatable flavour. After fermentation the beans are dried and roasted and the shell is removed to produce cacao nibs. These are then ground and liquefied into chocolate liquor. The liquor is then processed into cocoa solids or cocoa butter. Pure chocolate contains primarily cocoa solids and butter in different proportions. Much of С ______ with added sugar. Milk chocolate is sweetened chocolate that additionally contains either milk powder or condensed milk. White chocolate on the other D ______ is therefore not a true chocolate. Chocolate contains theobromine and phenethylamine which have physiological effects on the body. It is similar to serotonin levels in the brain. Scientists claim E ______ , can lower blood pressure. Recently, dark chocolate has also been promoted for its health benefits. But pet owners should remember that the presence of theobromine makes it toxic to cats and dogs. Chocolate is now one F______ , although 16 of the top 20 chocolate consuming countries are in Europe. Also interesting is that 66% of world chocolate is consumed between meals.

  1. the chocolate consumed today is made

  2. that chocolate, eaten in moderation

  3. central and southern America for

  4. of the world’s most popular flavours

  5. hand contains no cocoa solids and

  6. cacao seeds are intensely bitter and have

  7. many countries worldwide at

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Task 23

Reality TV

 Reality TV seems to dominate broadcasting these days. But what is it, how did it emerge and why on earth is it so popular? The first question is easily answered. Reality TV A ______ presents unscripted, dramatic or humorous situations or events. It can involve celebrities В ______ of the public. Reality TV has been gradually growing in importance for over 60 years. “Candid Camera” — the show that filmed ordinary people reacting to set ups and pranks — started in 1948. Some people, however, believe it was the Japanese with their awful shows in the 1980s and 90s that brought reality TV to centre stage. Others believe С ______ that is called “Big Brother” was the show that spawned the reality TV age. But why are the shows so popular? Different theories come to life. Some believe that it is D ______ we like to watch horrible behaviour: the same instinct that once inspired the ancient Romans to go and watch gladiators destroy each other at the Coliseum. Others suggest a kind of voyeurism is involved there — an unhealthy curiosity to spy on other people’s lives.

Whatever the real reason — the trend seems to have already peaked. A lot of such shows E ______ or are expected to go in the near future. And the replacement seems to be talents shows — watching competitions in dance, singing and general entertainment. Does it mean that people are changing? It is too early to say. Most agree that these F ______ .

  1. due to basic human instinct that

  2. is still early to judge

  3. are simply the cycles of fashion

  4. but more usually the stars are members

  5. that the television phenomenon

  6. is a type of programme that

  7. seem to have disappeared

Ответ

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E

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Task 24

Mikhail Lomonosov and Moscow State University

 Mikhail Lomonosov was one of the intellectual titans of XVIII century. His interests ranged from history, rhetoric, art and poetry A ______ . Alexander Pushkin described him as В ______ , whose lifelong passion was learning.

Lomonosov’s activity is a manifestation of the enormous potential of the Russian scientific community. Peter I reformed Russia, which allowed the country to reach the standard of С ______ many spheres. Great importance was placed on education. St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, founded by Peter I, established a university and a grammar school to educate intellectuals and researchers the country needed; however, these educational establishments could not fulfill the task they took on. It was Michail Lomonosov D ______ of establishing a university in Moscow. An influential courtier and the E ______ Count Shuvalov supported Lomonosov’s plans for a new university and presented them to the Empress.

In 1755, on 25 January-St. Tatiana’s Day according to the Russian Orthodox Church calendar — Elizaveta signed the decree that a university should be founded in Moscow. The opening ceremony took place on 26 April, when Elizaveta’s coronation day was celebrated. Since 1755 25 January and 26 April F ______ Moscow University; the annual conference where students present the results of their research work is traditionally held in April.

  1. who suggested in his letter to Count Shuvalov the idea

  2. to mechanics, chemistry and mineralogy

  3. a person of formidable willpower and keen scientific mind

  4. favourite of Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, the patron of arts and science

  5. the contemporary European powers in

  6. are marked by special events and festivities at

  7. famous among all educated people

Ответ

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B

C

D

E

F

2

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Task 25

Window Shopping

 The day would be spent with my best friends Kath and Kate. We are actually three Catherines (by birth spelt with a C), A______ we are all K’s: Kat (that’s me), Kath and Kate — the 3K Window Shopping gang!

Window shopping is simply wonderful. You can look at any outfit. You can try on В ______ not a single item on sale for which the price is a problem. You will try something on, ponder, pout, twirl, think hard, check yourself in the mirror one last time and finally reflect С ______ right for you! The highlight of this regular adventure however, is generally the 3K chocolate and ice cream break in the Shopping Centre’s top floor cafii Of course we do not believe that we are wasting anyone’s time. We do D ______ as well, but a reliable equation for us is — 3Ks + shopping mall = a good time.

But E ______ out to be especially memorable. One of the stores had a questionnaire lottery with the first prize being a voucher worth £200. We filled in the question forms while in the cafiiand returned to the store by their 2.00pm deadline. Kate won the first prize but we had decided in advance that if any of us won something, we would share equally: All for one К and one for all! At this point our morning of window shopping paid off. We completed F ______ slightly less than 10 minutes: three skirts, three hats and three belts and three very OK, K’s.

  1. not like to spend our time

  2. that it’s probably not quite

  3. that particular day turned

  4. our real shopping in

  5. sometimes go shopping for real

  6. anything you want and there is

  7. but when we are together

Ответ

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B

C

D

E

F

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Task 26

The Hotel

 “Have you stayed with us before sir?” asked the receptionist. His accent sounded middle-European; Czech possibly or Polish. Actually I hadn’t stayed at this particular hotel before A ______ to many others from the same chain that I had stayed at. “No — first time” I replied with unnecessary brevity. The thing is I always feel В ______ rather than treated as an individual. Every word that I was about to hear, I had heard before — delivered no doubt from the depths of a tourism and hospitality course. “Welcome to Newcastle sir. Is this your first visit to our city? Can I trouble you to complete this form? Actually the first two lines and the signature at the bottom will do. Would you like С ______ , Sir? This will automatically unlock room facilities like mini-bar and telephone and any other extras you may require. Can I see your passport sir?” The questions and information D ______ responses were actually required and I handed over my passport, credit card and partly filled out form. I was tempted to write under name and address “Donald Duck, Duck Towers, Disney Street” — E ______ ever read the form again. But being a creature of habit I wrote my real name and address. While my card was being processed I looked across the reception area through the wall height windows to the beautiful River Tyne. A wave of nostalgia came over me. It was good to be back. I found myself thinking about her again and wondering F ______ a voice broke in: “It’s a plastic key card sir. You also need it to activate the lift and when you get to your room, plug it into the switch on the left as you open the door. It will automatically supply electricity to the room. Any help with your baggage? No? Then enjoy your stay”. The accomplished young Pole smiled as he delivered the final command and duly processed, I proceeded to the card activated lift.

  1. me to take a print of your credit card

  2. points poured out smoothly, no verbal

  3. if I would even see her when

  4. although it seemed virtually identical

  5. so sure was I that nobody would

  6. me to help you with your luggage

  7. as if I am being processed like a product

Ответ

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B

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D

E

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4

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Task 27

Lindsay Wildlife Museum

 Lindsay Wildlife Museum is a unique natural history and environmental education centre where visitors can listen to the cry of a red-tailed hawk, go eye-to-eye with a grey fox and watch a bald eagle eat lunch. More than fifty species of native California animals are on exhibit here.

 Thousands of school children learn about the natural environment in their classrooms A ____ of the museum. Nature- and science- oriented classes and trips are offered for adults and children. More than 600 volunteers help to feed and care for wild animals, В _____. Volunteers are active in the museum’s work, contributing С ____.

 The museum was founded by a local businessman, Alexander Lindsay. Sandy, as friends knew him, started teaching neighborhood children about nature in the early 1950s. Initially housed in an elementary school, the museum began offering school-aged children summer classes, D ____.

 After nearly a decade of the museum operation, it became apparent E ____. With a new 5,000 square-foot home, the museum could now develop and display a permanent collection of live, native wildlife and natural history objects. People came to the museum for help with wild animals F ___ urban growth. In response, a formal wildlife rehabilitation programme — the first of its kind in the United States of America — began in 1970.

  1. that a permanent, year-round site was necessary

  2. as well as field trips focused on the natural world

  3. many hours of service to wildlife care and fundraising

  4. that had been injured or orphaned because of intense

  5. that needed public attention and a new building

  6. as well as teach children and adults about nature

  7. through education programmes and on-site tours

Ответ

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B

C

D

E

F

7

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Task 28

America’s fun place on America’s main street

 If any city were considered a part of every citizen in the United States, it would be Washington, DC. To many, the Old Post Office Pavilion serves A ____. If you are in the area, be a part of it all by visiting us — or В ____. Doing so will keep you aware of the latest musical events, great happenings and international dining, to say the least.

Originally built in 1899, the Old Post Office Pavilion embodied the modern spirit С ____. Today, our architecture and spirit of innovation continues to evolve and thrive. And, thanks to forward-thinking people, you can now stroll through the Old Post Office Pavilion and experience both D ____ with international food, eclectic shopping and musical events. All designed to entertain lunch, mid-day and after work audiences all week long.

A highlight of the Old Post Office Pavilion is its 315-foot Clock Tower. Offering a breath-taking view of the city, National Park Service Rangers give free Clock Tower tours every day! Individuals and large tour groups are all welcome. The Old Post Office Clock Tower also proudly houses the official United States Bells of Congress, a gift from England E ____. The Washington Ringing Society sounds the Bells of Congress every Thursday evening and on special occasions.

Visit the Old Post Office Pavilion, right on Pennsylvania Avenue between the White House and the Capitol. It is a great opportunity F ____, this is a landmark not to be missed no matter your age.

  1. that are offered to the visitors

  2. its glamorous past and fun-filled present

  3. as a landmark reminder of wonderful experiences

  4. by joining our e-community

  5. that was sweeping the country

  6. celebrating the end of the Revolutionary War

  7. to learn more about American history

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

3

4

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7

Task 29

Number of teenagers with Saturday job drops

 The number of teenagers with Saturday jobs has dropped. Young people do not acquire any experience for their CVs — a crucial step towards getting full-time work. The proportion of teenagers combining part-time jobs with school or college has slumped from 40% in the 1990s to around 20% now, according to the UK Commission for Employment and Skills (UKCES), a government agency. Latest figures show that only A ____ in 1997.

The trend is not just recession-related, but the result of an increasing expectation В ____ well as a falling number of Saturday jobs, according to the report. Many of the jobs that young people do, such as bar work, are in long-term decline, and are forecast to decline further over the next decade.

«Recruiters place significant emphasis on experience С ____,» the report says. Word of mouth is the most common way to get a job, D _____ young people are unable to build up informal contacts, it adds.

Ms. Todd, a commissioner at the UKCES, said: «There’s more emphasis on doing well at school, young people are finding less time to do what they would have done a few years ago.» «I think it’s also the changing structure of the labour market. Retail is still a big employer, E ____. As a consequence, we need to think about how we get young people the work experience they need.»

A new initiative to send employees into state schools to talk about their careers was also launched recently. The scheme, Inspiring the Future, is meant to give state schoolchildren access to the kind of careers advice that private schools offer. The deputy prime minister said: «The power of making connections F ____ and can be life-changing.»

  1. that it was researching the system of funding education after 16

  2. 260,000 teenagers have a Saturday job compared with 435,000

  3. but young people are leaving education increasingly less experienced

  4. that inspire young people is immeasurable

  5. but an increasing shortage of work experience means

  6. that young people should stay on at school, as

  7. but a lot more of it is being done online

Ответ

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2

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Task 30

Lots of fun in Cardiff

 As you would expect of a capital city, Cardiff offers a huge choice of exciting sport and entertainment throughout the year.

Every March the city celebrates St. David, Wales’ patron saint, with parades and music. August sees the International Festival of Street Entertainment, with the heart of the city A ____. Family fun days in the parks and at the waterfront are part of this sensational summer scene. Brass and military bands are often to be seen on Cardiff s streets. Between May and October the world’s only seagoing paddle steamer cruises from Cardiff’s seaside resort.

In autumn the fun continues with Cardiff s Festival of the Arts В _____. Music is at the centre of the festival, with international stars С ____. Christmas in Cardiff is full of colour and festivities. The truly spectacular Christmas illuminations have earned Cardiff the title of «Christmas City». And there is entertainment for all the family, D ____.

There is always something happening in Cardiff. The BBC National Orchestra of Wales and Welsh National Opera can both be heard here. Cardiff previews many London «West End» shows E _____.

The city’s range of accommodation facilities is truly impressive, F ____. And with a city as compact as Cardiff there are places to stay in all price brackets.

  1. from international names to family-run guest houses

  2. joining some of Wales’ most talented musicians

  3. having their summer holidays in Cardiff

  4. that usually attract hundreds of theatre lovers

  5. which features music, film, literature and graphics

  6. from pantomimes to Christmas tree celebrations

  7. beating with dance and theatrical performances

Ответ

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B

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D

E

F

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Task 31

Changing image

 For more than 200 years Madame Tussaud’s has been attracting tourists from all over the world and it remains just as popular as it ever was. There are many reasons for this enduring success, but at the heart of it all is good, old-fashioned curiosity.

Madame Tussaud’s original concept has entered a brand new era of interactive entertainment A _____. Today’s visitors are sent on a breathtaking journey in black cabs through hundreds of years of the past. They have a unique chance to see the great legends of history, В _____ of politics.

Much of the figure construction technique follows the traditional pattern, beginning whenever possible with the subject С _____ and personal characteristics. The surprising likeliness of the wax portraits also owes much to many stars D _____, either by providing their stage clothes, or simply giving useful advice.

The museum continues constantly to add figures E ____ popularity. The attraction also continues to expand globally with established international branches in New York, Hong Kong, Amsterdam and many other cities. And they all have the same rich mix of interaction, authenticity and local appeal.

The museum provides a stimulating and educational environment for schoolchildren. Its specialists are working together with practicing teachers and educational advisors to create different programmes of activities, F ____.

  1. as well as resources on art, technology and drama

  2. as well as the idols of popular music and the icons

  3. who is sitting to determine exact measurements

  4. ranging from special effects to fully animated figures

  5. ranging from all kinds of souvenirs to sports equipment

  6. that reflect contemporary public opinion and celebrity

  7. who are eager to help in any possible way they can

Ответ

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F

4

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Task 32

Saturday jobs: memories of weekend working

 Research has shown a sharp fall in the number of teenagers who do Saturday jobs. It seems such a shame — my Saturday job as a kitchen porter was something of a rite of passage. I’ll never forget long hours A _____, scouring grease off huge saucepans and griddles. Working atmosphere there helped me grow a thicker skin, develop quicker banter and, most importantly, taught me the value of hard work. It also resulted in a steady supply of cash, В ____. I’m not the only one who has strong memories of weekend work. DJ Trevor Nelson said everyone should be able to have a Saturday job: «It taught me a lot, С ____.»

The link between the type of Saturday job a celebrity performed and their later career is sometimes obvious. Dragon’s Den star and businessman Peter Jones, for example, showed early promise by starting his own business. «I passed my Lawn Tennis Association coaching exam, D ____,» he explains. «At the start I was coaching other kids, E ____, for which I could charge £25-30 an hour. While my friends on milk rounds were getting £35 a week, I was doing five hours on a Saturday and earning four times as much.»

Skier Chemmy Alcott got a job working for the Good Ski Guide, on the advertising side. «It became clear to me what my personal value to companies could be. It led directly to me finding my head sponsor … and it offered me an eight-year contract. That gave me the financial backing F ____.»

As part of its response to the Saturday job statistics, the UK Commission for Employment and Skills said a lack of early work opportunities makes it harder for young people to acquire experience for their СVs.

  1. and things would be different if everyone was given the chance

  2. which let me know he approved of me

  3. and I persuaded my local club to let me use a court on Saturdays

  4. which I needed to become a professional skier

  5. which I would happily spend as I liked

  6. that I spent in the kitchen of a busy country pub in East Sussex

  7. but soon I got adults wanting to book lessons

Ответ

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Task 33

Orient Express

 In the early 1860s, trains were the preferred way to travel. They weren’t particularly comfortable, however, until American engineer George Mortimer Pullman decided to make trains more luxurious.

By the late 1860s, trains furnished not only sleeping cars, but kitchen and dining facilities, where A _____. This was innovative for the time, and was aimed to encourage people В _____. The first of these Pullman trains in England ran from London to Brighton and used electricity for illumination.

In 1881, another railway entrepreneur, George Nagelmacker, introduced the use of a restaurant car onboard, and the first Orient Express train service was begun. Running from Paris to Romania the route included Strasbourg, Vienna, Budapest and Bucharest.

Thanks to the 12 mile Simplon Tunnel, С _____, the Orient Express expanded, including a route to Istanbul, and the legendary romance of the Orient Express was in full swing.

Everyone in the social register, including royalty, chose to travel on the wheels of that luxury hotel D _____ in wealthy surroundings. Legends, stories, and intrigue surrounded those trips to exotic places, and those famous people E _____.

Unfortunately, during World War II this luxury travel was closed for the most part, and later, after the war, F ____ to start it again. Within the next few years airplane travel became popular, and train passenger service declined.

  1. elegant meals were served to passengers

  2. to use trains for long distance travel and vacations

  3. who rode the train

  4. who wrote about it

  5. which connected Switzerland and Italy

  6. that served dishes and wines

  7. there was no money

Ответ

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F

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Task 34

Arizona’s world class cruise

 Spectacular Canyon Lake is situated in the heart of the Superstition Mountains in Arizona, giving home to the Dolly Steamboat. The Dolly Steamboat, A ____, now cruises the secluded inner waterways of this beautiful lake. It is worth exploring this favourite destination of President Theodore Roosevelt who declared, «The Apache Trail and surrounding area combines the grandeur of the Alps, the glory of the Rockies, the magnificence of the Grand Canyon and then adds something В ____.» You will marvel as you travel up to the national forest, which provides the most inspiring and beautiful panorama С ____. Every trip brings new discoveries of rock formations, geological history, and the flora and fauna distinct to the deserts of Arizona.

Once aboard the Dolly Steamboat, you may view the majestic desert big horn sheep, bald eagles and a host bird of other wildlife, water fowl, D ____. Experience the unique sound harmony that is created by the waters of Canyon Lake. Stretch out and relax at one of the tables or stand next to the railings on the deck. There is plenty of leg room on the Dolly. You will get a unique chance to listen to the captain E ____.

All the passengers are treated with outstanding service and personal attention to every need. Feel free to ask questions, move about and mingle with the crew. So enjoy an unforgettable vacation cruise and see F ____ ,like a ride on Arizona’s Dolly Steamboat.

  1. that nature has ever created in the wild

  2. that none of the others have

  3. hovering over the magnificent lake

  4. who retells the legends of the mysterious past

  5. for yourself why there is nothing quite

  6. who pays much attention to children’s safety

  7. continuing a tradition of cruising since 1925

Ответ

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B

C

D

E

F

7

2

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Task 35

US Congress

 The Congress of the United States of America is an important part of the US federal government.

It is an assembly of elected representatives A ____ but not to select the chief executive of the nation; that individual is elected by the people.

Congress is not a single organization; it is a vast and complex collection of organizations B ____ and through which members of Congress form alliances.

C ____, in which political parties are the only important kind of organization, parties are only one of many important units in Congress.

In fact other organizations have grown in number D ____.

The Democrats and Republicans in the House and the Senate are organized by party leaders, E ____ within the House and Senate. The party structure is essentially the same in the House as in the Senate, though the titles of various posts are different.

But leadership carries more power in the House than in the Senate because of the House rules. F _____, the House must restrict debate and schedule its business with great care; thus leaders who do the scheduling and who determine how the rules shall be applied usually have substantial influence.

  1. as party influence has declined

  2. against the spirit of the Constitution

  3. being so large (435 members)

  4. empowered to make laws

  5. unlike the British Parliament

  6. by which the business of Congress is carried on

  7. who in turn are elected by the full party membership

Ответ

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B

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F

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Task 36

The Trailblazers

 In the early 1800s, the area that would become the western United States was completely undeveloped.

Explorers, hunters, traders, and settlers had to blaze their own trails. A____ to move possessions and supplies became common place.

Manifest Destiny was the belief that Americans had a God-given right to take over the continent. As they moved west, settlers used this policy B_____ to new people and territories.

Trails increased trade opportunities between western and eastern regions, and the U.S. economy prospered C_____ on each other for goods.

To achieve Manifest Destiny, the United States purchased land from other countries or conquered territory D_____ until its borders stretched from coast to coast.

More than one-half million people chose to travel West on trails between 1800 and 1870, E_____.

As new technology spread across the West, however, the use of trails came to an end. The railroads built thousands of miles of tracks, and, F ____, a cheap, relatively safe, and quick way to transport people and supplies to western areas existed.

  1. to spread U.S. ideas and government

  2. for the first time in history

  3. thus replacing them forever

  4. as territories became interdependent

  5. the use of covered wagons

  6. by taking land from Native peoples

  7. forming the largest mass migration in history

Ответ

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D

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Task 37

A Young Mayor

 This is a very unusual case, but as you will see, unusual doesn’t mean impossible.

An 18-year-old school girl has become the youngest mayor of a British town in history. Amanda Bracebridge, A_____, won leadership of Clun village council in a dramatic election last night. The tiny village only has 122 voters and Amanda won the election by just two votes from the only other candidate, 69-year-old Fred Gardner of the Conservative party. Amanda, B _____, was an independent candidate. She was surprised by her success, C _____. “My election promise was to make sure D _____,” she told us. She was referring to the plans from a large company to buy up farmland and build flats there. “We live in one of the most beautiful villages in Shropshire and I want to make sure it stays that way.”

Amanda, who is in her last year at nearby Bishop’s Castle High School, E _____ and her exams which she takes in two months. “It’s going to be a pretty busy few months,” she said. “But when the exams are over I will be able to concentrate completely on helping my village”.

Amanda had plans to go to university but is now going to start a year later F _____. “I’ve talked to Leeds University and they say my place will wait for me”. And what is she going to study? Politics? “No, actually, I am going to do sociology and economics”.

  1. who is not a member of any political party

  2. that our village would be protected from outside interests

  3. but it was not a total shock to her

  4. being a politics student at the university

  5. so she can do her job as mayor properly

  6. who is only just old enough to vote herself

  7. will have to find time for her work as mayor

Ответ

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Task 38

Is there enough to say?

 They only appeared about ten years ago but already they are everywhere, everyone’s got one. They are the wonder of the modern age — mobile phones, or cell phones, A ____. Apparently, mobile phones are now used by about 2.5 billion people worldwide, and about one billion new mobile phones are sold every year worldwide. Go back to 1997, and only 100 million were sold. As we can see, the mobile phone business B_____.

And the developments keep on coming. Once we could only make phone calls; now mobile phones C_____ and do many other useful things. Once we had to hold our mobile phones in our hand; now we can use throat microphones. What next? We are told that soon, tiny microphones will be implanted into our lips. We’ll be able to dial numbers just by saying them.

But surely we need to ask ourselves: What’s good about this? OK, we can talk to other people almost all the time now — but is that so great? Watch and listen to people when a plane has landed. Anxious D _____, dial a number, and then: “It’s me, I’m here. I’ll be there in twenty minutes.” Is this communication? Is this what all these years of technology have brought us to?

In the early days of communication there were letters. When they arrived at your house, you knew they had been delivered by a man E _____.

In those days, people would think very hard before they wrote a letter. You had to have a good reason to write — communication was serious. Now it’s not — people phone each other F ____. Once the phone was a way for people far away from each other to talk — now it’s just an excuse to talk.

  1. has been developed very quickly

  2. not understand why they are doing it for

  3. as Americans call them

  4. riding halfway across the country on a horse

  5. just because they can

  6. can also be used to take and send photos

  7. fingers immediately switch on the mobile phone

Ответ

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B

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E

F

3

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Task 39

Promoting language learning

 The European Union (EU) is committed to supporting the rights of its citizens to personal and professional mobility, and their ability to communicate with each other. It does so by A_____ to promote the teaching and learning of European languages. These programmes have at least one thing in common: they cover cross-border projects involving partners from two, and often three or more, EU countries.

The EU programmes are designed to complement the national education policies of member countries. Each government is responsible for its own national education policy, B_____. What the EU programmes do is to create links between countries and regions via joint projects, C____.

Since 2007 the main programmes have been put under the overall umbrella of the EU’s lifelong learning programme. All languages are eligible for support under this programme: official languages, regional, minority and migrant languages, D____. There are national information centres in each country, E_____.

The cultural programmes of the EU also promote linguistic and cultural diversity in a number of ways. The “Media” programme funds the dubbing and subtitling of European films for F ____. The “Culture” programme builds cross-cultural bridges by supporting the translation of modern authors into other EU languages.

  1. and the languages of the EU’s major trading partners

  2. which includes language teaching and learning

  3. cinemas and television in other EU countries

  4. which enhance the impact of language teaching and learning

  5. funding a number of educational programmes

  6. and encouraging people to learn new languages

  7. where details about the application procedures are given

Ответ

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B

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D

E

F

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Task 40

Starting your own business

What are the reasons for starting your own business? One of them is because you believe you are the best in that line or because you have a product or service that has never been offered to the market before. Another is that you are a person in a real hurry and cannot suffer the A_____ to reach your goals. Sometimes it is because you have an inheritance B_____ soon after you set up a business or that there already is a cash purse with loose strings and you want to make the best of this bonanza.

If your reasons are any or all of the above, abandon the thought right now and save yourself the disillusionment C____ into the world of commerce.

Start your own business just for the sake of doing a trade, or for D____. Do not burden yourself with lofty notions of superiority when compared to your peers. When setting out to start your own business, be emotional about it, but not impractical; don’t be led by your heart, but be dictated by your mind.

Having covered those parts that are not taught in a business school, let us look at E____ your own business. You should start with a SWOT analysis – strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats – analyze these for yourself, for partners in your business, if any, and for the business itself.

If the result of the analysis is encouraging, then prepare a business plan. It is like a road map for actions in the near foreseeable future to achieve your business goals. Finally, execute the business plan with precision; tweak it as you go along, only so that it helps to meet the end goal of successfully F_____ the business.

  1. the essentials of starting

  2. that awaits when you step

  3. trials and tribulations of employment

  4. establishing and conducting

  5. preparing a business plan

  6. waiting to be acquired

  7. undertaking the commercial activity

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

3

6

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4

Task 41

Archaeology done underwater

 Nautical archaeology is the science of finding, collecting, preserving, and studying human objects that have become lost or buried under water. It is a fairly modern field of study since it depends on having the technology to be able to remain underwater for some time to do real work. Whether it is conducted in freshwater or in the sea, A____, nautical archaeology is another way of learning more about the human past.

Although some use the words nautical archaeology to mean a specialized branch of underwater archaeology, B____, most consider the term to mean the same as the words underwater archaeology or marine

archaeology. All of these interchangeable terms mean simply C_____.

Once real trade began, it is safe to say D_____ was probably transported over water at some point in time. By studying submerged objects, we can learn more about past human cultures. In fact, studying ancient artifacts is the only way to learn anything about human societies E_____. Being able to examine the actual objects made and used by ancient people not only adds to the written records they left behind, but allows us to get much closer to the reality of what life was like when they lived. Also, if we pay close attention to how the objects were made and used, we begin to get a more realistic picture of F_____.

  1. that existed long before the invention of writing

  2. that nearly every object made by humans

  3. what those people were really like

  4. which is concerned only with ships and the history of seafaring

  5. that it is the study of archaeology done underwater

  6. and whether it finds sunken ships or old cities

  7. and what was discovered underwater

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Task 42

Visiting the Royal Parks

 London has a well-deserved reputation as one of the greenest cities in Europe, with a huge number of open spaces across the center of the city. Tourists A_____ can always relax in a lovely, quiet London park.

The Royal Parks, such as St James’s, Green Park, the Regent’s Park, Hyde Park, Richmond, Greenwich, Bushy Park and Kensington Gardens, are beautifully maintained and popular with locals and visitors alike. Many are former hunting estates of English monarchs, preserved as open space B______. They are ideal places to relax and sunbathe in summer, enjoy gorgeous flower beds in spring C_____.

The Royal Parks provide fantastic green routes in London D______ and through some of the most attractive areas of the capital. Picnics in the parks are also a popular activity especially during the busy summer months.

Dogs are welcome in all the Royal Parks, although there are some places E_____. These are clearly indicated within each park and are usually ecologically sensitive sites, children’s play areas, restaurants, cafes and some sports areas. Ground nesting birds are particularly sensitive to disturbance by dogs and people. So it is necessary to observe the warning signs F____. In Bushy Park and Richmond Park dogs should be kept away from the deer.

The Royal Parks are for everyone to enjoy.

  1. that are displayed during the nesting season

  2. while the city has grown up around them

  3. and admire the changing leaves as autumn arrives

  4. where they are not allowed or should be kept on a lead

  5. who are tired of the noise, crowds and excitement of sightseeing

  6. who does not know the route to the place of destination

  7. that take cyclists away from traffic

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Task 43

The Survival of the Welsh Language

 Wales is a small country of just over 3 million people, on the north west seaboard of Europe. Despite many historical incursions of other peoples, particularly the English, it has preserved its ancient Celtic language, A_____. Welsh is habitually spoken by about 10% of the people, half understood by a further 10%, and not spoken at all by the majority in this ‘bilingual’ society.

Up to the First World War most people were Welsh speaking, especially in the mountains of North Wales. The English-speaking areas were along the more fertile coastal plains. On the whole there was an easy tolerance of the two languages, B______.

By 1919 there was a considerable drop in Welsh speakers. This was due to the large flows of capital investment from England into the South Wales coalfield, C_____.

Now, D_____, commerce and everyday business were carried out in English.

In the rural mountain areas 80% to 85% of the population were Welsh speakers, E ____. However, in the coalfield country of Glamorgan 70% spoke English only, and in its neighbour border county the figure was over 90%.

By 1931 the number of people able to speak Welsh in the whole of Wales had fallen to 37% of the population, F ____. It continued to drop and reached its lowest – 18.6% — in the 1990s. But by the start of the 21st century, numbers had begun to increase again and reached 21.7% in 2004!

  1. as well as education and the law

  2. the only one of a number of allied languages that remain

  3. with radio and the English press further speeding the decline

  4. many being able to speak Welsh only

  5. where Welsh was studied as language and literature in an academic manner

  6. apart from the fact that Welsh was not permitted to be used at all in the schools

  7. bringing a flood of immigrant labour from all over Britain

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Task 44

Secrets of Long Life

 There are places in the world where people live longer than anywhere else. The remote Japanese island of Okinawa is one of these places. While the lifespan in Britain is 77 years for men and 81 for women, Okinawa has a population of about one million, of which 900 are centenarians — A_____ in Britain or the USA. So what is their secret of long life?

«The calendar may say they’re 80, but their body says they’re 60,» says Bradley Willcox, a scientist researching the extraordinary phenomenon. The research has shown hormonal differences between Okinawans and B____ but their longevity has been linked to diet. They eat more tofu and soya than any other people in the world and also enjoy a range of different fruit and vegetables, all rich in anti-oxidants. But the most significant thing isn’t what they eat but how much. The Okinawans C_____ known as ‘hara hachi bu’, which translates as ‘eat until you are only 80 % full’.

Scientists refer to this way of eating as ‘caloric restrictions’. No-one knows exactly why it works, but scientists believe it D_____ that there is the danger of famine. This in turn E_____ and so may lead to better preservation and slower aging.

«It’s a stark contrast with the cultural habits that drive food consumption in F____ » says Mr. Willcox. If we look at high streets and supermarkets in most other countries, you will see that he is right. Restaurants offer all-you-can-eat menus and supersize portions. Supermarkets are full of special offers encouraging us to buy more food than we need.

  1. make it a healthy diet

  2. other parts of the world

  3. four times higher than the average

  4. have a cultural tradition

  5. sends a signal to the body

  6. the rest of the population

  7. makes the body protect itself

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Task 45

Beaches of Portugal

 Covering more than 850 km, the Portuguese coast boasts such a large number of fine, white sandy beaches that it is almost impossible to keep count. All bathed by the Atlantic Ocean and all different, their beauty is hard to describe, so there is nothing better A _____.

The most famous are in the Algarve. With three thousand hours of sun per year and warm waters, there are beaches to suit every taste and many dreamlike resorts. The choices are many, from sandy stretches extending as far as the eye can see B ______, the trade image of the region. They are always accompanied by a calm clear sea, C_____.

In Costa da Caparica, the beaches are particularly dear to Lisbonites D _____ for sun and sea bathing. There are deserted beaches here too, of a wild beauty, E ____ nature. In the centre, tourists will find very wide sandy stretches, to which traditional fishing adds a picturesque touch. And further north, the colder waters and the invigorating sea are tempered by the welcoming atmosphere and the clean air of the mountains and the forests.

Despite all their differences, all beaches share one thing – quality. They are safe and offer a wide range of support and recreational services, F ____. And a large number of Portuguese beaches are granted the European blue flag every year, a distinction that is a sign of their excellent conditions.

  1. where one can enjoy close contact with

  2. which meet every need of their users

  3. than to discover them once for oneself

  4. who has never been to this wonderful city

  5. which is ideal for various water sports

  6. to the smaller coves, sheltered by huge cliffs

  7. who have different options around the capital

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Task 46

The Joy of Reading

 Have you ever wondered why people read? Why reading is one of the few things A _____ for thousands of years? Even before reading became available to the general public, stories were told around campfires, passed down from generation to generation.

First of all, stories are a good way to escape from your ordinary life, to get immersed in another world, if only for a little time. While reading, you can imagine yourself in different situations B _____, but in the moment that doesn’t matter. Whether you’re suffering from depression or are just bored, reading is a great distraction.

Similarly, another reason people are attracted to stories, is because they are lonely, very often they feel as if they are the only ones in the world C _____. Identifying with a fictional character can make a big difference in helping a person understand D _____.

Other people read because it can be a good way to relax. It can be very nice to sit down and enjoy a good plot unfold, to watch the actions of fictional characters from the side, and to see the consequences of these actions, E ____.

Lastly, people read because it is the easiest way to gain knowledge in a certain area. Instead of finding a teacher, you can just find a book, sit down, and spend a few hours reading. This way you can study wherever you want, whenever you want F _____.

There are countless books in the world, and whoever you are, whatever you’re feeling, there is definitely a book out there, just waiting for you to discover it.

  1. try to avoid the boredom of life

  2. that has consistently remained part of society

  3. that they are not alone

  4. going through something difficult

  5. without having to bear any responsibility

  6. that range from unlikely to impossible

  7. at your own pace

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Task 47

Peter and Paul Fortress

 The Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, located on small Hare Island, is the historic core of the city. The history of St. Petersburg begins with the history of the fortress.

Since 1700 Russia had been fighting the Northern War against Sweden. By 1703 the lands by the Neva River were conquered. To protect them from the attacks of the Swedes it was necessary to build a strong outpost here. The fortress was founded on Hare Island 16 (27) May, 1703 by joint plan of Peter I and French engineer Joseph-Gaspard Lambert de Guerin. This day is well known A____.

The fortress stretches from west to east with six bastions B____. The Peter’s Gate on the east side, C____, has remained since the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Cathedral, D____ emperors and the monument of Russian baroque, was completed after the death of the emperor, in 1733. The weathervane as a golden angel with a cross, E____, is one of the main symbols of the city. On the opposite side of the cathedral, there is the Mint building, constructed in the time of Paul I by architect A. Porto. Coinage was moved to the fortress F____ in the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Fortress has never directly participated in any fighting. From the very beginning of its existence it was used as a political prison. Since 1924 the Peter and Paul Fortress has been a part of the Museum of the History of St. Petersburg.

  1. as the day of the birth of St. Petersburg

  2. which was designed by D. Trezzini

  3. which was the burial place of Russian

  4. and reminding of the rich history of the city

  5. as the most protected part of the city

  6. which is located on the spire of the cathedral

  7. that are located at the corners

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Task 48

Surviving in a Desert

 A desert is defined as a place that gets less than 250 mm of rain each year. It differs sharply from the climate of a rain forest, A _____.

Arid desert lands cover about one third of the earth’s surface. Most deserts are covered with sand, B _____. There are also usually a lot of rocky areas. This combination of sand and rock means that the soil is not very fertile. C ____, some living things are able to do well in this setting. Many plants have changed and developed in ways D____. These changes have become apparent in a number of ways. Some plants are able to grow very quickly E____. They turn green and produce flowers within just a few days. Other desert plants simply stop growing in very dry weather. They appear to be dead, but when the rain returns, they come back to life and begin growing again.

Desert animals have also developed many characteristics that help them to survive in arid environment. Camels can go for a very long time without drinking. Other animals, such as snakes and rats, find cool places to sleep during the day and come out only at night. The extremely long ears of desert rabbits help them F_____. Changes like these have allowed some animals and plants to grow and develop successfully in a very challenging ecological system: the desert.

There are countless books in the world, and whoever you are, whatever you’re feeling, there is definitely a book out there, just waiting for you to discover it.

  1. which is often in the form of hills called sand dunes

  2. whenever it rains

  3. to find water as far as 25 metres away

  4. which can receive up to 10,000 mm of rain annually

  5. to better distribute their body heat and stay cool

  6. even though the desert environment is very dry and hot

  7. that help them to live in the desert

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Task 49

Nevsky Prospect

 Nevsky Prospect is the main and most famous street of St. Petersburg. The unique architectural ensemble of Nevsky Prospect was formed during the 18th – early 20th centuries. It starts from the bank of the Neva River, runs through the centre of the city and ends at the Neva River. The whole history of St. Petersburg can be seen in the history of the avenue. Nevsky Prospect is 4.5 km long and 25-60 m wide. The narrowest section is located from the Admiralty to the Moika River, A_____.

After the construction of the Admiralty in 1704 and the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in 1710, it was decided to build a road B_____ each other and with the Novgorod Path, which was used by Russian merchants. The construction began on both sides at the same time, the roads were laid through the wood, and in 1760s they were connected into one road, C_____, but with a turn at the Vosstaniya Square. Nevsky Prospect got its name only in 1783. The road was paved with cobble stones, D_____. It was the first street in St. Petersburg with gas lighting. By the early 20th century Nevsky Prospect had become the financial centre of Russia E____ had their offices there.

Nowadays, Nevsky Prospect is the centre of cultural and social life of St. Petersburg. There are museums, theatres, exhibition halls, cinemas, restaurants, cafés, shops F____.

  1. and hotels there or nearby the avenue

  2. showing the original width of the avenue

  3. which was not as straight as it was planned

  4. which were built by famous architects and

  5. connecting these two important structures with

  6. and a few rows of trees were planted along the street

  7. as the 40 largest banks of Russia, Europe and America

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Task 50

Whales in a Noisy Ocean

Whales use sound in very different ways. Some whales produce songs that travel over vast distances. They also use echolocation, like bats, A _____. But other noise in the ocean creates a problem for the whales.

Since 1987, the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) has sent their research vessel Song of the Whale around the world B _____. During the travels, the Song of the Whale scientists have developed expertise C ____ to listen to and record the sounds that the animals make. Thishelps them to track, identify, and survey different species.

One of the threats facing whales and other marine animals is noise pollution in the seas, such as noise from drilling, military activities, oil exploration, and coastal construction. This noise can cause great distress to whales and dolphins and can D _____.

It is feared this noise pollution may cause mass strandings, E _____. If the Song of the Whale team can F ____, then hopefully the nature and location of disturbing noise can be changed.

  1. in using underwater microphones

  2. to locate food and find their way

  3. result in injury and even death

  4. track and identify their habitats

  5. to filter out food from the water

  6. to provide a platform for marine research

  7. when large numbers come ashore

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Task 51

Unique nature of Kamchatka

Kamchatka is a peninsula located in the north-eastern part of Russia. It is surrounded with the Okhotskoye Sea, the Beringovo Sea and the Pacific Ocean. This region has a very unique environment A_____ one is looking for picturesque views, unforgettable travels and unity with nature.

Kamchatka is famous for its volcanoes, B_____. Volcanoes are represented on Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, the most eastern city in the northern hemisphere, coat of arms as well. There are more than 300 volcanoes

in Kamchatka, from 28 up to 36 of them are active, or potentially active. Kamchatka volcanoes are included in the list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

The region is also known C____ — rivers and lakes. Many Kamchatka rivers spring from mountain tops and glaciers, that is why they are very clean, and it is wonderful for those D_____. In general, there are up to 14 thousand rivers and streams, 100 thousand lakes and 414 glaciers in Kamchatka.

Kamchatka is a home to the Valley of Geysers, E_____ geysers in the world, after Icelandic geyser fields. It is not easily accessible, as long as it is too unique to be opened for tourists all the time. The Valley of Geysers’ ecosystem is very vulnerable, F_____ and regulate the visiting. In fact, the larger part of Kamchatka is preserved. There are many nature reserves and nature parks in Kamchatka.

  1. which are depicted on most souvenirs there

  2. so it is necessary to monitor it all the time

  3. who love fishing, including Kamchatka bears

  4. which has the second largest concentration of

  5. to be a place of many water sources

  6. to be a popular nature reserve and health resort

  7. that makes it a place to visit when

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Task 52

The life of Pi

 «The Life of Pi» published in 2001 is the third book by the Canadian author Yann Martel. It has A_____, won several prizes and been translated into forty-one languages.

At the start of the book, we B____ in India. His father owns the city zoo and the family home is in the zoo. When they aren’t at school, Pi and his brother help their father at the zoo and he learns a lot about animals.

When Pi is sixteen, his parents decide to close the zoo and move to Canada. They travel by ship taking the animals with them. On the way, there is C_____. Sadly, Pi’s family and the sailors all die in the storm, but Pi lives and finds himself in a lifeboat with a hyena, zebra, orangutan and an enormous tiger. At first, Pi is scared of the animals and jumps into the ocean. Then he remembers there are sharks in the water and decides to climb back into the lifeboat. One by one, the animals in the lifeboat kill and eat each other, till only Pi and the tiger are left alive. Luckily for Pi, there is D_____, but he soon needs to start catching fish. He feeds the tiger to stop it killing and eating him. He also uses a whistle and E_____ and show it that he’s the boss.

Pi and the tiger spend 227 days in the lifeboat. They live through terrible storms and the burning heat of the Pacific sun. They are often hungry and ill. Finally, they arrive at the coast of Mexico, but you will have to F_____ in the end!

  1. read the book to find out what happens

  2. some food and water on the lifeboat

  3. his knowledge of animals to control the tiger

  4. received an award for being strong

  5. sold seven million copies worldwide

  6. learn about Pi’s childhood in Pondicherry

  7. a terrible storm and the ship sinks

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Task 53

Santa Claus

The man we know as Santa Claus has a history all to his own. Today, he is thought of mainly as the jolly man in red, but his story A_____ the 3rd century to a monk named St. Nicholas. It is believed that Nicholas was born sometime around 280 AD in modern-day Turkey. Much admired for his kindness, St. Nicholas B_____. It is said that he gave away all of his inherited wealth and traveled the countryside helping the poor and sick. Over the course of many years, Nicholas’s popularity spread and he became known as the protector of children and sailors. His feast day C_____ his death, December 6. This was traditionally considered a lucky day to make large purchases or to get married. By the Renaissance, St. Nicholas was the most popular saint in Europe.

St. Nicholas first D______ at the end of the 18th century. The name Santa Claus evolved from a Dutch shortened form of Sint Nikolaas. As his popularity grew, Sinter Klaas was described as everything from a jocker with a blue three-cornered hat, red waistcoat, and yellow stockings to a man wearing a broad-brimmed hat and a huge pair of Flemish trousers.

In the 19th centuries big stores E_____ using images of the newly-popular Santa Claus. In 1841, thousands of children visited a Philadelphia shop to see a life-size Santa Claus model. It F_____ before stores began to attract children, and their parents, with the lure of a peek at the “real-life” Santa Claus with his famous white beard and red gown.

  1. began to advertise Christmas shopping

  2. became the subject of many legends

  3. began dressing up unemployed men in

  4. is celebrated on the anniversary of

  5. was only a matter of time

  6. stretches all the way back to

  7. appeared in American popular culture

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Task 54

Welcome to the Smithsonian

When you visit any of the Smithsonian’s 19 museums and galleries or the National zoo, you are entering the largest museum complex in the world. This complex holds about 137 million unique objects in its trust for the American people.

The Smithsonian was established in 1846 with funds given to the United States by James Smithson, an English scientist. The main idea was to increase and spread knowledge for free. And now all Smithsonian institutions are still devoted to public education, A__________ history.

Ten Smithsonian museums and galleries are located in the centre of the U.S. capital. Six other museums and the National zoo are nearby in the Washington metropolitan area, B__________.

The 19th and the newest museum C__________ is the National Museum of African American history and culture. It is now operating in the form of a virtual museum. Its key feature is the memory book, D__________. These diverse memories are linked to each other and to the museum content, E__________.

The Smithsonian complex is home to the world’s foremost research centres in science, the arts and the humanities. Besides the basic research F__________, there are a number of special facilities. Conservation centre at the zoo studies rare and endangered species, environment centre carries out research in ecosystems in the coastal area.

  1. that is carried on regularly in each of the museums

  2. providing different materials in the arts, science and

  3. placing a spotlight on people and events in African American history

  4. that has been established within the Smithsonian complex

  5. which allows website visitors to upload their own stories or images

  6. and visitors can enjoy watching rare exhibits on

  7. and two museums are situated in New York City

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Task 55

National Gallery of Art

 The National Gallery of Art was created in Washington D.C. for the people of the United States in 1937. It started with the gift of the financier and art collector A__________. His gift also included a building to house the new museum, to be constructed on the National Mall. Opened to the public in 1941, this grand building, B__________, was at the time the largest marble structure in the world.

The newly created National Gallery soon attracted similar gifts from hundreds of other collectors. This tradition of generosity continues to this day with gifts from private donors and artists C__________.

The gallery’s East building contains the collection of modern and contemporary painting, sculpture, D__________. The East and West buildings are connected by an underground tunnel with a moving walkway.

The National Gallery enjoys federal support, E__________, to fulfill its mission to exhibit and interpret great works of European and American art in the nation’s collection. Since its founding, federal funds have fostered the protection and care of the art collection and have supported the gallery’s work, ensuring F__________. Private funding helped to create a renowned collection of works of art and to construct the two landmark buildings. Private support makes possible to arrange a changing programme of special exhibitions.

  1. which is now called the West building

  2. that the gallery brings daily profit to the country

  3. who are willing to share their possessions with the public

  4. who presented old master paintings and sculptures to the country

  5. as well as partnership with private organizations

  6. that the gallery is open daily and free of charge

  7. as well as an advanced research centre and an art library

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Task 56

Healthy school meals

Children at Southdown Infants School in Bath enjoy tasty homemade meals such as roast turkey with fresh vegetables, chicken, salad and fresh fruit for pudding. Vegetables are A ____________. Instead of crisps, chocolate and sweets, the school canteen serves organic carrots, dried fruit and fresh seasonal fruit in bags for 10p, B ______________.

Southdown’s healthy eating initiative began four years ago with the start of a breakfast club.

Now Ms Culley, the head teacher of the school, says that the teachers very clearly see the link between diet and concentration. “Children’s concentration and behaviour C ______________.” The teachers would also like to give the children the experience of eating together. It turned out that some children weren’t used to that.

Pupils are also encouraged to find out more about where their food comes from by  D ______________.

Parents are also involved and are invited in to try school dinners on special occasions, E _______________.

The efforts of staff, pupils and parents to create a healthy eating environment were recognized earlier this month F ______________ the Best School Dinner award.

Ms Culley said: “We are happy to win this award. Healthy eating is at the centre of everything we do. It’s really rewarding to see so many children enjoy real food.”

  1. such as Easter and Christmas

  2. visiting a local farm

  3. local, fresh and organic where possible

  4. provide good quality food

  5. definitely improve after a good meal

  6. and about 100 bags are sold each day

  7. when the school was awarded

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Task 57

Walking is not enough to keep fit

Walking may not be enough on its own to produce significant health benefits, research suggests. A team from Canada’s University of Alberta compared a 10,000-step exercise programme with a more traditional fitness regime of moderate intensity. Researchers found improvements A _______ were significantly higher in the second group. They told an American College of Sports Medicine meeting that gentle exercise was B __________. In total 128 people took C _________. The researchers assessed influence on fitness by measuring blood pressure and lung capacity. They found out the 10,000-step programme did help to get people motivated – and was an excellent way to start D _________. But to increase the effectiveness, some intensity must be added to their exercise. “Across your day, while you are achieving those 10,000 steps, take 200 to 400 of them at a faster pace. You’ve got to do more than light exercise and include regular moderate activity, and don’t be shy to have an occasional period of time at an energetic level.” The researchers were concerned there was too much focus E __________, rather than on its intensity.

Professor Stuart Biddle, an expert in exercise science at the University of Loughborough, said it was possible that the current guidelines on how much exercise to take were set too low. “However, you have got to find F ____. The harder you make it, the fewer people will actually do it.” Professor Biddle said there was no doubt that energetic exercise was the way to get fit, but volume rather than intensity might be more useful in tackling issues such as obesity.

  1. part in the project

  2. taking exercise

  3. gave marked health benefits

  4. in fitness levels

  5. on simply getting people to take exercise

  6. not enough to get fit

  7. a compromise between physiology and psychology

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Task 58

Double-decker Bus

A double-decker bus is a bus that has two levels. While double-decker long-distance buses are in widespread use around the world, A ____. Double-decker buses are popular in some European cities and in some parts of Asia, usually in former British colonies. Many towns around the world have a few that specialize in short sight-seeing tours for tourists because, as William Gladstone observed, «the way to see London is from the top of a ‘bus'».

Double-decker buses are taller than other buses. They are extensively used in the United Kingdom, B _____, removed from normal service in December 2005 — they still operate on heritage routes. Elsewhere in Europe, double-deckers are used throughout the Dublin Bus network in Ireland, where they are making a comeback on Dublin’s outer suburban routes and also the streets of Cork, Limerick, Galway and Waterford. They are a common sight in Berlin, where the BVG makes extensive use of them. Double-decker long-distance coaches are also in widespread use throughout Europe.

Most buses in Hong Kong and about half in Singapore are double-deckers as well. The only areas in North America that C _____ are the western Canadian province of British Columbia and the United States city of Las Vegas. They are currently being tested in Ottawa on the express routes. The city of Davis, California, in the United States uses vintage double-decker buses for public transport. Davis, California is also home to the first vintage double-decker bus converted from diesel gasoline to run on CNG. The city of Victoria, BC, the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, and a couple of others use Dennis Tridents. A few are also used as tour buses, especially in New York. Double-deckers are have also been used in Mumbai since 1937.

In Brazil, D _____, some companies use double-decker buses. Double-deckers are not a good option for use outside the towns (most roads in Brazil are in very poor condition), and E _____.

Double-decker buses are in widespread use in India in many of the major cities. Some double-decker buses F _____, with no roof and shallow sides. These are popular for sightseeing tours.

  1. double-deckers are adored by thousands of tourists

  2. use double-decker buses for public transport

  3. double-decker city buses are less common

  4. where perhaps the most famous was the London Routemaster

  5. their use is being discouraged by transportation authorities

  6. have an open upper deck

  7. where buses are sometimes the only interstate transport

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Task 59

Natural Links In a Long Chain of Being

I believe we are not alone.

Even if I am on the other side of the world from the farmhouse I live in, I still dream of the ancient vines out the window, and the shed out back that my grandfather’s father built in 1870 with eucalyptus trunks. As long as I can recreate these images, A ____. 

All of us need some grounding in our modern world of constant moving, buying, selling, meeting and leaving. Some find constancy in religion, others in friends or community. But we need some daily signposts that we are not different, not better, B ____. 

For me, this house, farm, these ancient vines are those roots. Although I came into this world alone and will leave alone, I am not alone. 

There are ghosts of dozens of conversations in the hallways, stories I remember about buying new plows that now rust in the barnyard and ruined crops from the same vines C ____. 

All of us are natural links in a long chain of being, and that I need to know what time of day it is, what season is coming, whether the wind is blowing north or from the east, and if the moon is still full tomorrow night, D _____. 

The physical world around us constantly changes, E _____. We must struggle in our brief existence to find some transcendent meaning and so find relief in the knowledge F _____.

You may find that too boring, living with the past as present. I find it refreshing. There is an old answer to every new problem, that wise whispers of the past are with us. If we just listen and remember, we are not alone; we have been here before.

  1. I never quite leave home

  2. but human nature does not

  3. that we are now harvesting

  4. but we as well as our heart did not

  5. not worse than those who came before us

  6. just as the farmers who came before me did

  7. that our ancestors have gone through this before

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Task 60

The Show Begins

My Uncle Jim took me to all the Broadway shows in New York City, and I was star struck! Actually he wasn’t my real uncle – that’s just what we called him. He was a close friend of my parents. He was a bit stocky with red hair, A _________.

I remember the theaters on Broadway, B __________. The curtains were made of this real heavy, dark red material. There were huge chandelier lights hanging from the ceiling. The walls were dark, paneled wood. The seats were red and cushy C __________.

The orchestra sat at the base of the stage in a pit. I usually went down to the front to see the musicians D __________. They were all crammed into such a tiny space. I played the flute myself and my dad kept encouraging me that if I kept it up, E ___________. But truly, I didn’t want to be tucked away down there. I wanted to be on top, front and center.

Most people dressed rather finely, and certain fragrances took center stage as various women passed by. The sounds of the audience F __________ at their seats were clearly heard while last minute patrons filled in. There was electricity in the air and then the lights would go down and up, and you knew it was time for the show to get started. The lights dimmed. The music began. And you were swept up into a whole new world. I loved it!

  1. I could be playing down there someday

  2. and set real close together

  3. which were so old and posh

  4. and he had a beard and moustache

  5. I wasn’t that good at music

  6. getting ready and warming up

  7. laughing and chattering away

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Task 61

Scouting moves ahead

The Scout Movement, which is also known as the Boy Scouts has changed massively in more than 100 years, though many people do not realise this.

For many people in Britain the word “scouting” evokes images of boys in short trousers A__________. Many people imagine that the Scout Association and its female counterpart the Guides Association are old-fashioned. They think these associations are for people B__________ than the future, people who just like camping in the rain and washing in cold water.

It’s quite easy to understand why Scouts and Guides have this sort of image. The “Boy Scouts” were founded over 100 years ago by Robert Baden-Powell, a retired English army general; the “Girl Guides” followed three years later. They were organised in an almost military manner. Young people had to learn discipline and how to do things as a group. They C__________ in difficult conditions, learnt to make campfires and, yes, they certainly had to get used to washing in cold water. In those days though, that D__________ many people washed in cold water.

Nevertheless, even at the start, there was much more to scouting than that. Scouts and Guides also learned the value of solidarity. Right from the start, they had to cope with difficult situations, E__________, and play a useful part in society. Baden-Powell’s organisations were inclusive, and never exclusive; any young person could become a Scout or a Guide, regardless of race, background or religion.

Though the Scout and Guide movements began in England, they soon spread to other countries, and within 50 years, scouting F__________ with young people all over the world.

  1. who are more interested in the past

  2. and girls in blue uniforms

  3. that were generally better

  4. was not particularly unusual as

  5. went on camping expeditions

  6. interact with other people

  7. had become a popular activity

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Task 62

Skip the sun, get a glow the healthy way

Everyone at some point has wanted a “healthy glow,” whether it’s a must-have for summer, or a vacation, the thought of tan skin has crossed the minds of millions. If you are pale, it A__________. There is wild excitement when after a day in the sun your skin is tan, not burnt. Surely everyone is familiar with the famous conversation upon the realization that you got fried at the beach. Your friends reassure you with “Don’t worry it B__________.” It may all seem like fun and games at the time, but alarming new research C__________.

Some tan-seekers do it the old-fashioned way, grab a towel and hit the pool or beach. Recently, millions of young girls D__________ instead. Regardless of how the tan is achieved, any change in skin coloring is evidence of skin cell damage. This can lead to cancer. According to the Skin Cancer Foundation, melanoma, or skin cancer, among people aged 18 to 39 has risen dramatically. In the United States the number of skin cancer cases due to tanning, is higher than the number of lung cancer cases due to smoking.

While it is true that being outside and active is great for your body and the sun does provide vitamin D, everyone’s health still needs protecting. However, it’s E__________, limit time spent in direct sunlight, between the hours of 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., and wear sunscreen at all times. A fashionable option is the sun hat: both elegant and fun. Big floppy hats may seem ridiculous at first, but F__________.

Another advice is to look into sunless tanners: They are cheap and in no way endanger the lives of users. So, fake it, don’t bake it!

  1. takes a lot of time and effort to tan

  2. have been turning to tanning beds

  3. they are actually quite classy accessories

  4. better to avoid indoor tanning

  5. have inspired people to get their skin checked

  6. will eventually turn into a tan

  7. has taken the healthy out of healthy glow

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Task 63

Grant-making agency

The National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) is an independent grant-making agency of the United States government. Established in 1965, it is one of the largest sources of grant funds for humanities projects and programs in the U.S. NEH promotes knowledge of the history, thought, and culture, not only of the United States, A__________.

NEH grants facilitate research and original scholarship, strengthen teaching and learning in the humanities in American schools and colleges, give opportunities for citizens to engage in lifelong learning, B__________.

The Endowment is directed by a chairman, C__________ and confirmed by the U.S. Senate for a term of four years. Advising the chairman is the National Council on the Humanities, a board of 26 distinguished private citizens D__________ with the advice of the Senate. The National Council members serve six-year terms.

NEH grants are typically awarded to U.S. cultural institutions, such as museums, archives, libraries, colleges, universities, and public television and radio stations, E__________. Eligibility is limited to U.S. non-profit institutions and to U.S. citizens and foreigners F__________ prior to the time of application. Grants are awarded through a competitive process. The chairman takes into account the advice provided by the review process and, by law, makes all funding decisions.

  1. who is appointed by the president

  2. but of other countries of the world

  3. but in every aspect of social sciences

  4. who are also appointed by the president

  5. who have been living in the U.S. for three years

  6. as well as to individual scholars of the humanities

  7. as well as provide access to cultural and educational resources

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Task 64

The Bonfire Night

The 5th of November has always had a very special place in my heart. More important than New Year’s Eve, but probably less important than the Olympics ceremonies, the 5th of November every year is A __________ all over the country to go wild!

The night of the 5th is often cold and damp and parents wrap up their children in layers of jumpers, coats, hats, scarves and gloves. They fuss over the littlest B __________ aren’t scared. They comfort their pets and give them a safe place to curl up inside, away from the cacophony about to start outside.

Outside the bonfire is C __________ up your nose. If you’re lucky, there might be some pumpkin soup left over from Halloween to warm you up, because in spite of all the layers and the excitement, you’ll still need warming up until the bonfire gets going!

When it’s absolutely dark and the bonfire is blazing, the children and parents huddle together in groups, staring up at the sky. What are they waiting for? The screech of the first firework deafens them all and D __________. The “oohs” and “aaahs” of the crowd keep perfect time with the “kabooms” of the rockets. With every firework that lights up the sky, parents watch the delight grow on their children’s faces and sigh with relief.

After the grand finale, they make their way home with the noises still echoing in their ears. An extra special treat E __________! Waving them through the chilly air, spelling out names and drawing pictures, even the oldest members of the family remember how to be kids!

This is what the 5th of November means to me. Every year, it F __________ such bright and colourful fireworks and heard such loud bangs. I really hope I never grow out of it!

  1. differences in traditions

  2. children and hope that they

  3. the day for fireworks lovers

  4. the explosion lights up the sky

  5. feels like the first time I’ve seen

  6. waits at home though: sparklers

  7. lit and the smell of smoke creeps

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Task 65

Earth-sheltered homes

Earth-sheltered or simply underground homes are one of those creations by man, which brings him closer to nature. Unlike the normal traditional houses that A __________, these earth-sheltered homes are built using the shelter of the ground. Earth-sheltered homes can be easily made in hilly areas.

The basic idea behind the construction of such a house is that they are built with the idea of B ________ and each of these homes is built entirely different from each other.

The construction of these homes is usually done according to the shape of the area where the house is built. Their designs C ________ to the nature. The early earth houses which were initially built lacked windows. Modern day earth-sheltered homes though have windows as well as any other facility that the people living there might require.

Some of the major benefits of earth-sheltered homes are that they are naturally insulating. This makes them cool in the summer and cozy and warm in the winter. Another advantage D __________ and are well protected from earthquakes as well as wind-storms. Many earth-sheltered homes are also defended against intruders since there is usually only one entry.

As everything has its pros and cons, earth-sheltered homes also do. The interior decoration of these homes, like placing the furniture or huge paintings, E __________. These homes also have dark spaces inside and for this reason, lots of lighting is essential.

Earth-sheltered homes are one of the greenest housing designs that combines Mother Nature with eco-friendly F __________.

  1. are built on the ground

  2. are usually very organic

  3. is being built facing south

  4. being environmentally friendly

  5. building materials and lifestyle

  6. is that these homes are safe from fire

  7. can be difficult due to the construction

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Task 66

Australia

Australia is one of the world’s most ethnically diverse nations. Nearly a quarter of the people who live in Australia A __________. They come from the United Kingdom and other European countries, but also from China, Vietnam, North Africa, and the Middle East.

First people arrived in Australia about 50,000 years ago. They B __________ land bridges when sea levels were lower. The next to land in Australia were Dutch explorers. They came in 1606. In 1788 the British began to settle there. Many settlers C __________ as punishment. For a short time, the newcomers lived peacefully with the Aboriginal people.

In 1851, gold was discovered in Australia. A rush to find riches brought D __________ 1859, six separate colonies were created which later became part of the British Commonwealth.

Australian culture is founded on stories of battlers, bushrangers and brave soldiers. Today E __________ its Aboriginal heritage, vibrant mix of cultures, innovative ideas and a thriving ecosystem.

Australia’s ecosystem is an unusual one because of its remote location. As a result, there are F __________ and nowhere else in the world, such as kangaroo and koala.

One of Australia’s most amazing sites rises like an enormous whale’s back from a flat desert called the Red Center. It is a sacred natural formation at the heart of the country and the largest rock in the world!

  1. Australia is one of the most

  2. were born in other countries

  3. Australia also defines itself by

  4. many animal species that occur here

  5. may have travelled from Asia across

  6. thousands of new immigrants, and by

  7. were criminals sent to live in Australia

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Task 67

Living nature in Madeira

Right in the middle of the Atlantic, the islands of Madeira and Porto Santo are a haven of natural beauty. The exotic colours of the flowers stand out from among the blue sea and the emerald green vegetation. This is an archipelago where the big territory is a protected area and A __________ is located.

The Madeira Natural Park was created in 1982 to preserve this vast natural heritage, a worldwide rarity. The park is classified as a Biogenetic Reserve, B __________, with some rare species such as the mountain orchid, unique in the world, and also some exotic large trees. To visit this park is to discover Nature! The park covers about two-thirds of the island, making Madeira a truly ecological destination.

The springtime temperature, C __________, cries out for open air activities. Visitors can go for a walk in the park, visit the city of Funchal or roam freely around the island. Boat rides are an excellent way of D __________. In such a naturally welcoming environment, balance and well-being are taken for granted. Madeira offers various tourist complexes E __________.

Popular feasts, F __________, are opportunities to appreciate traditional gastronomic flavours and see Madeira partying, especially for the Carnival parades, the Flower festival, the Atlantic festival and, above all, the end-of-year fireworks display.

  1. which is felt all year round

  2. which take place in Madeira all year round

  3. where the largest laurel forest in the world

  4. admiring the coastline from a different perspective

  5. where one can find a unique range of flora and fauna

  6. choosing this holiday destination for its natural beauty

  7. that have prime conditions for boating and scuba diving

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Task 68

Wild animals in cities

Have you ever seen bears in Vancouver parks, leopards on the streets of Mumbai or wild pigs in gardens in Berlin? Recently, there A __________ on TV about big animals coming into towns and cities. What happens when wild animals come into our cities? Is it dangerous for us and the animals?

Wild animals usually come into cities to look for food. In Cape Town, South Africa, baboons sometimes come into the suburbs. They eat fruit from gardens and go into people’s kitchens and take food from cupboards and fridges! Baboons are B __________ children and fight with pet dogs. Many people do not like them, but the city can be dangerous for baboons too. Sometimes, baboons are C __________ human food can be very bad for their teeth. The city council in Cape Town has a team of Baboon Monitors whose job is to find baboons D ___________ to the countryside. This makes the city safer for people and is healthier for the baboons. However, the main problem is that a lot of baboons will come back to the city to find food again.

In Berlin, Germany, groups of wild pigs have come into the city for hundreds of years, but now the winters are warmer, there are even more pigs than in the past. Pigs eat flowers and plants and dig in gardens and parks in the city. They also E __________ accidents. Some city residents like the pigs and give them food. But the city council is worried about the traffic accidents, so they F __________ have put up fences to stop the pigs coming into the city.

  1. cause lots of problems

  2. in the city and take them back

  3. walk in the street and cause traffic

  4. hurt in car accidents and the sugar in

  5. strong animals and sometimes they scare

  6. have been many reports in newspapers and

  7. have told people to stop giving the pigs food and

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Task 69

Europe’s best hidden gems

There are incredible destinations in Europe known worldwide, such as Amsterdam and its canals, London and its museums, its shopping and atmosphere, or Paris, the City of Light. Europe also has thousands of hidden treasures. There is a wide selection of the finest unknown destinations in Europe, from Lugano in Switzerland  A __________.

Lugano is an international city, the crossroads and melting pot of European culture. It constitutes one of the most interesting regions to be discovered. Lugano is not only Switzerland’s third most important financial centre,  B __________ old buildings.

The area of Cinque Terre in Italy represents one of the best preserved natural sights of the Mediterranean. Human activity has contributed to creating a unique landscape in which the development of typical stone walls is so extensive C __________. All this, D __________, makes the Cinque Terre an increasingly popular location among Italian and foreign tourists.

Sintra is a jewel set between the mountains and the sea, waiting to be discovered by tourists E __________, luxuriant nature and cosmopolitan cultural offer. Sintra has a wonderful charm that left a deep impression on the soul and work of the writers F __________. Sintra is truly the capital of Romanticism. It is a place to be experienced by everyone!

  1. but showed evidence of an early human housing

  2. to Cinque Terre in Italy and Sintra in Portugal

  3. as to equal that of the famous Great Wall of China

  4. but also a town of parks and flowers, villas and

  5. who want to be lost in its majestic historical heritage

  6. combined with the beauty of a crystal clear sea

  7. who pioneered the Romantic spirit in the eighteenth century

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Task 70

Beautiful cities of Italy

The political and cultural centre of Italy is the ‘Eternal City’, Rome. Ever since the Roman Empire, as its capital, Rome has become famous as a centre of European culture. The most striking sights of Rome are, of course, the Colosseum and the Forum. Once the Colosseum was able to receive about 50 thousand spectators, A __________ and concert halls. The Pantheon, the old temple of all gods, B __________, is also located in Rome.

The second most important town in Italy is Milan. Milan is the capital of fashion and C __________, exhibitions and conferences. The main attraction of Milan is its Cathedral Square, where the monument to the King Victor Emmanuel II is installed. Theatre fans will not be left disappointed by visiting the Theatre of La Scala.

The most popular city among tourists is Venice. The city is unique because it has more than 120 islands, D __________ and 400 bridges. Venice has been known for more than fifteen hundred years, and for E __________. The main area of the city is Saint Mark’s Square with the Cathedral of San Marco. One of the most beautiful buildings in Venice is the Palace of Doges. The other famous attraction is the Grand Canal F______.

In addition to this, there are such beautiful cities in Italy as Naples, Turin, Florence, Genoa, Pisa and the islands of Sardinia and Sicily. All of them are outstanding places to visit.

  1. that is the largest in Venice

  2. which was built in the early I century

  3. that everyone is dreaming about this trip

  4. which is comparable with modern stadiums

  5. which are сonnected by more than 150 canals

  6. the venue for major international festivals

  7. that time it produced a lot of attractions

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Task 71

City of fountains

 Peterhof is a monument of world architecture and palace and park art. Peterhof includes a palace and park ensemble of the 18-19th centuries, A__________. Peterhof is a city of fountains as it contains 173 fountains and 4 cascades B__________. Each year up to 3 million people come here to enjoy the splendour of numerous fountains and the unique parks of Peterhof.

The name Peterhof was first mentioned in 1705. It was a coastal manor, close to which the construction of a grand country residence began. The original plan belonged to Peter the Great. After the brilliant victory of Russian troops over the Swedes, security of St. Petersburg both from the land C__________. Since that time, the construction of the Peterhof residence grew immensely in scope.

According to the plan of Peter the Great, on the one hand, Peterhof was meant to be equal in splendour with the most famous royal residences in Europe, D__________ to access the Baltic Sea. Both were successfully done. The Great Palace was built on a natural hill here, E__________. Following the plan of Peter the Great, F__________, the Grand Cascade with the famous Samson fountain was constructed. This is still one of the most spectacular fountains in the world. In 1990 the palaces and parks of Peterhof were included in the list of the world heritage of UNESCO.

  1. and from the sea has been firmly ensured

  2. which is a former royal countryside residence

  3. who designs many royal residences in Europe

  4. and then rebuilt in the baroque style in the 18th century

  5. who wanted to decorate the main entrance with waterfalls

  6. that are located in the park on the coast of the Gulf of Finland

  7. and on the other hand, to become a monument of Russia’s struggle

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Task 72

Sights of Sochi

 Sochi is unique among other Russian cities because it has many aspects of a subtropical resort. Apart from the scenic Caucasus Mountains, pebble and sand beaches, the city attracts tourists with its vegetation, numerous parks, monuments, and extravagant architecture. About two million people visit Greater Sochi each summer, A__________. The famous Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, B__________, lies just north from the city.

Popularity of Sochi among tourists is largely explained by the beauty of its surroundings. Walking along the river Agura, everyone will admire the nature around, C__________, and amazing waterfalls. From the bridge over the Agura opens a magnificent view to the lowest Agura waterfall. In the shady Agura gorge tourists will feel the gentle coolness, D__________.

Akhun Mountain the biggest in the region has a beautiful tower on the top. The height of the tower is more than 30 metres, E__________ are stunning. The observation platform on the top of the tower gives a chance to take superb pictures of the city. Every year thousands of people visit this stone tower, F__________ the perfect view of the Black Sea coast and the Caucasus Mountains. It is a truly unforgettable experience. Tourists will enjoy visiting all the sights and the resort itself, full of exotic green and the boundless blue of the Black Sea. 

  1. and the views that open from it

  2. which is built on the top to give visitors

  3. when the subtropical resort is almost empty

  4. which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

  5. enjoying the sound of birds singing and waterfalls gurgling

  6. when the city is home to the annual film festival “Kinotavr”

  7. including high cliffs, exotic vegetation, breathtaking canyons

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Task 73

Saint Petersburg

 A city of palaces and museums, broad avenues and narrow canals, St. Petersburg’s short history is rich in architectural and artistic treasures. Alongside world-famous attractions such as the Hermitage and St. Isaac’s Cathedral, the city has a lot of equally interesting buildings A__________. St. Petersburg is considered to be Russia’s cultural capital. It reflects the country’s extraordinary fate like no other city.

St. Petersburg is a relatively young city, by both Russian and European standards, as B__________. Despite its short life, the city has a rich history. From the early days of Peter the Great to modern times, the city has always bustled with life and intrigue.

Lying across the delta of the Neva River, St. Petersburg, the Venice of the North, is a city C__________, some of which are well-known for their unique history. Bridges are an essential part of the city’s architectural make-up. Among the city’s over 500 bridges, there are numerous technological masterpieces. The centre of the city offers vast areas of green space, D__________.

St. Petersburg is a beautiful and fascinating holiday destination and one E__________. Whether to visit the city in a romantic and snowy Russian winter F__________, visitors will be spellbound by 
St. Petersburg’s culture and beauty. 

  1. that is built on hundreds of islands

  2. or during the dazzling white nights in summer

  3. it was only founded in 1703 by Tsar Peter the Great

  4. or considering a variety of the trip accommodation offers

  5. that reveal the mysterious and tragic genius of St. Petersburg

  6. of the most intriguing and historically significant cities in Europe

  7. including beautiful historic gardens and extensive leisure parks

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Task 74

State Hermitage Museum

 The Hermitage is St. Petersburg’s most popular visitor attraction, and one of the world’s largest and most prestigious museums. It is a must-see for all first-time travellers to the city. With over 3 million items in its collection, it also rewards repeat visits, A__________ of the riches on offer here, from Impressionist masterpieces to fascinating Oriental treasures. It was estimated B__________ on display for just one minute. So many visitors prefer a guided tour to ensure C__________ highlights. Art-lovers, however, may find it more rewarding to seek out for themselves the works D__________.

The bulk of the Hermitage collection is housed in the Winter Palace, E__________. However, there are a number of other sites that constitute part of the Hermitage, including the recently opened Storage Facility in the north of St. Petersburg. It offers guided tours through some of the museum’s vast stocks. The magnificent General Staff Building opposite the Winter Palace is most famous for its central triumphal arch, F__________ Nevsky Prospekt. The General Staff Building contains a number of unique exhibitions. It includes the Modern European Art, probably the most visited section of the Hermitage with well-known collections of Picasso and Matisse, as well as a wealth of popular Impressionist paintings. 

  1. that they are particularly interested in

  2. that they have time to catch all the collection’s

  3. and new-comers can only hope to get a brief taste

  4. which brings pedestrians out on to Palace Square from

  5. that one would need eleven years to view each exhibit

  6. which was the official residence of the Russian emperors

  7. and the exhibition was often visited by military historians

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Task 75

Letniy Sad

 Letniy Sad (The Summer Garden) is a park ensemble, a monument of landscape art of the 18th century. Letniy Sad is the oldest park in St. Petersburg. The park was founded by Peter I in 1704. The Tsar dreamed of his own Versailles and drew its original plan himself. He planned to create a regular, architectural park with accurate layout and straight paths. Prominent architects and gardeners took part in its creation. The park was supposed to become a place of relaxation, A__________.

Letniy Sad is surrounded by water. Natural boundary of the park from the north and east are the Neva and Fontanka Rivers, B__________.

Peter I brought sculptures from Italy for the park and was very proud of them. In the 18th century there were more than two hundred sculptures, C__________, or moved to suburban royal residences and the Hermitage. Now Letniy Sad is decorated with 90 sculptures – copies made of artificial marble.

In May, 2012 Letniy Sad was opened after reconstruction. The reconstruction work had been going on for about three years, D__________ Letniy Sad as it was in the 18th century. Among the new items in Letniy Sad, there is the Archaeological Museum, E__________ during the restoration of the park. Visitors can take a tour of the park F__________ on Sundays. 

  1. and restorers have done everything possible to keep

  2. combining the features of urban and suburban estates

  3. which are planned to be the centre of scientific research

  4. which contains interesting objects found by archaeologists

  5. but later many of them were either destroyed in the flood

  6. and enjoy the exhibitions and performances of a brass band

  7. and from the south and west – the Moika River and the Lebyazhiy Canal

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Источник

Раздел 1. Аудирование

1

1

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего 1—6 и утверждениями, данными в списке A—G. Используйте каждую букву, обозначающую утверждение, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в поле справа.

Нажмите , чтобы прослушать запись

A. For some people, old habits never die.

B. Sometimes it is a mistake to write a letter

C. Writing letters in English is good practice

D. Letter writing is a Waste of time

E. It is a waste of time making your views known

F. Persistence eventually gives some results

G. Seven together will be better than one

2

2

Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений A— G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

Нажмите , чтобы прослушать запись

A. James prefers Paris to Nice.

B. Katie thinks that it is good to have countryside nearby

C. Katie thinks that it wasn’t worth seven weeks work to pay for the holiday.

D. James thinks Katie’s brother made a better choice

E. James booked an expensive restaurant without consulting Katie

F. James has eaten at La Cambuse before

G. They plan to be up all night

В заданиях 3—9 обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

Нажмите , чтобы прослушать запись

3

3

Watching the displays at the exhibition the speaker was eager to test personally

1) only some of them..

2) the first twelve

3) all of them.

4

4

The speaker came to the exhibition

1) alone.

2) with James.

3) with a group of friends.

5

5

The speaker managed to do well in the

1) Brush boarding.

2) Roller skiing.

3) Land yachting.

6

6

The speaker didn’t do well in the Aquathlon because

1) he didn’t take it seriously.

2) he was saving energy for Kite surfing.

3) it was technically tricky

7

7

The secret of successful Kite surfing lies in

1) choosing the largest possible kite.

2) ‘jumping’ and landing smoothly.

3) avoiding getting dragged in the air.

8

8

The speaker stopped Kite surfing after 30 minutes because

1)of extreme tiredness

2) there was an off shore wind.

3) the instructor suggested it.

9

9

All the displays were

1) experimental models with designers used as instructors.

2) real practiced sports.

3) computer installations of real sports.

Раздел 2. Чтение

10

10

Установите соответствие тем 1 — 8 текстам A — G. Занесите свои ответы в соответствующее поле справа. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

1. Just in time

2. Just in case

3. Eventful life

4. A curious case

5. Reduced Expectations

6. Royal brother

7. Royal ancestor

8. Double trouble

A. I am a mother of identical, mirror-image boys — David and John. No one but me can tell them apart. I am constantly amazed at how close they are. Once when they were babies David was ill, but it was John who begun crying wildly. I tried to calm John first since nothing was wrong with him. But he only cried louder. Finally I gave some medicine to David — who really was unwell. As soon as John sensed his brother felt better, he immediately settled to sleep.

B. The 12 year old was playing near the Platte River in North Bend, Nebraska. The river was high and as the boy stepped in, the current pushed his legs away. He floated off, spinning in the powerful current. At the last possible moment before the rapids, his yells were heard by his dog. It jumped in, reached the boy and towed him ashore. Another second and the boy would have been swept away to certain death.

C. Armgaard Karl Graves, referred to in press reports as ‘the Glasgow Spy’, was convicted in Scotland under the Official Secrets Act (1911) for spying on the British Navy. He spent years successfully creating an identity as an Australian doctor and in Scotland even conducted important clinical experiments. But he was eventually caught by a suspicious post office worker as he sent and received post under a variety of assumed names.

D. Zsa Zsa Gabor was born in Budapest on February 6th, 1917. Now in her 90s she has had a long and varied life. She was a beauty queen and singer before becoming a famous screen actress. She was married 8 times but only had one child with second husband, Conrad Hilton. Her last marriage to Frederic von Anhalt gave her the honorary title Prinzessin von Anhalt.

E. «Who do you think you are» is one of my favourite TV programs. Each episode re¬searches the family history of a celebrity, back into the mists of time. In the UK there are good records of births, marriages and deaths going back hundreds of years. One of the best episodes was on Boris Johnson, the Mayor of London. He was thrilled when he discovered he was directly related to King George II.

F. Paris Hilton is a famous socialite, media personality, actress, model and singer. In 2007 her grandfather Barron Hilton pledged 97% of his estate — a value of more than 2 billion US dollars — to a charitable foundation. Many now believe that Paris and the other grandchildren have had their potential inheritance sharply reduced. Others have commented that this news was unlikely to change her future life style.

G. Andy always travels well equipped for any potential possibility. He has a sewing repair kit and a small medical kit with aspirin. These are, I suppose, perfectly sensible. But what about a ball of string, tape measure, masking tape, Swiss army penknife, disposable cutlery, disinfectant, dry bags and an inflatable back rest? Andy says you never know what might happen and it’s always best to be prepared.

11

11

Установите соответствие тем 1 — 7 текстам A — F. Занесите свои ответы в соответствующее поле справа. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

1. due to basic human instinct that

2. is still early to judge

3. are simply the cycles of fashion

4. but more usually the stars are members

5. that the television phenomenon

6. is a type of programme that

7. seem to have disappeared

Reality TV seems to dominate broadcasting these days. But what is it, how did it emerge and why on earth is it so popular? The first question is easily answered. Reality TV A ___ presents unscripted, dramatic or humorous situations or events. It can involve celebrities В ___ of the public. Reality TV has been gradually growing in importance for over 60 years. «Candid Camera» — the show that filmed ordinary people reacting to set ups and pranks — started in 1948. Some people, however, believe it was the Japanese with their awful shows in the 1980s and 90s that brought reality TV to centre stage. Others believe С ___ that is called «Big Brother» was the show that spawned the reality TV age. But why are the shows so popular? Different theories come to life. Some believe that it is D ___ we like to watch horrible behaviour: the same instinct that once inspired the ancient Romans to go and watch gladiators destroy each other at the Coliseum. Others suggest a kind of voyeurism is involved there — an unhealthy curiosity to spy on other people’s lives. Whatever the real reason — the trend seems to have already peaked. A lot of such shows E ___ or are expected to go in the near future. And the replacement seems to be talents shows — watching competitions in dance, singing and general entertainment. Does it mean that people are changing? It is too early to say. Most agree that these F ___ .

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18, обводя цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа.

Lucky Break

For the first ten years of my life my father was in the RAF (Royal Air Force). This meant that he was frequently posted to different air bases around the UK and I, as frequently, changed schools. One year we moved no fewer than three times and each time I tried, in vain, to settle and make friends. For a young child this frequency of change can only have a detrimental effect and I still have school reports stating that I was «lazy» and a «dreamer».

When I reached ten, my worried parents decided I needed a personal tutor. She turned out to be a kindly and patient old lady who presented me with a large, black book of tests. She made me complete it as a home task and I scored about 20 out of 100. At out next meeting, on a Saturday morning, she went through it with me item by item, until I completely understood each task. She then made me retake the test and of course I got almost every question correct. Then we again moved house!

In our new town I took and failed the 11 plus exam (my excuse was that I was still only ten!) and my prospects looked dim. I was destined to go to the local comprehensive which had a reputation for being quite rough. But also nearby was an ancient public school, set in a castle. This was a place for rich kids only — apart from every year they gave 2 free places to the highest performing local boys (it was a boys only school) in their entrance exam.

My crazy parents decided I should enter the exam. I had as much chance of succeeding as going to the moon — or so I thought. But when I sat down to take the test, a rather familiar black book of 100 tests was placed on the desk!

I did the test and kept quiet and the next term, as a terror struck 11 year old in an ill fitting suit, I arrived for my first day at «the castle».

Clearly I was going to have problems in this new, intensely academic environment and I did. There were 31 boys in my class and in every subject, despite my best efforts, I finished in the bottom 5 in every test, exam and report.

We were then streamed into «sets» for each subject and I ended up being taught with boys closer to my own ability. I worked really hard and at the end of my third year there, I won my first form prize. I was top of the bottom class! But I was really motivated and in time got «promoted» to higher «sets». I worked really hard and won prizes every year until I left after A Levels. My grades were all A’s — the highest you can get — and I was offered a place to study at a prestigious university.

So when a certain old Lady presented me with a large black book full of tests, you could say it was my lucky break. Although I would argue that if you work really hard and keep your wits about you — then you begin to make your own luck.

12

12

Because of the father’s job the boy had to

1. visit UK air bases.

2. change home three times a year.

3. often change schools.

4. behave as a dreamer.

13

13

With his personal tutor the boy

1. read a big book.

2. did test items.

3. answered her questions.

4. learned how understand the tasks.

14

14

Failing the 11 plus exam meant that the boy

1. was to enter a comprehensive.

2. had to wait another year to retry

3. was to study with rich kids.

4. became a highest performing local boy.

15

15

What helped the boy to enter the public school?

1. familiarity with the tests.

2. his parents.

3. his knowledge.

4. keeping quiet.

16

16

In all the school subjects the boy

1. demonstrated his academic gifts.

2. managed to solve any problems.

3. was the best in efforts made.

4. was worse than twenty of his classmates.

17

17

By the end of the school the boy

1. was awarded his first form prize.

2. was among the best school students.

3. had to work harder and harder.

4. still couldn’t get the high grades.

18

18

According to the boy the ‘Lucky Break’ refers to

1. moving to a right place.

2. entering a good school.

3. getting a big test book.

4. meeting the lady tutor.

Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика

Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные жирными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Перенесите полученный ответ в соответствующее поле справа. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19 — 25. Ответ пишите без пробелов и иных знаков.

19

19

Scottish Castle

TwentyFor more than 800 years the castle was a fortress against the English and rival Scottish clans. For the most part it was in a state of neglect since then. About 150 years ago it became a luxurious farm house and then in the early part of the ___ century it became a hunting and fishing lodge.

20

20

StrongWealthy visitors paid good money trying to catch Atlantic salmon — Scotland’s ___ sporting fish.

21

21

SwimThe inspiration to restore the castle came to John Faulkner when he ___ in the sea on an unusually warm August afternoon.

22

22

RealiseNow, ten years after that summer swim, he is in the mood for celebration as he finally ___ his biggest ambition. All the difficult and expensive restoration is finished and his first guests are due to arrive this evening.

23

23

ServeThe Rapid River Camp is a huge family style restaurant. Food ___ and even the cooking is done by staff in period costume.

24

24

Not needOne ___ to choose one of the big, high calorie dishes loved by real forest workers. In fact there is a large menu to suit all tastes and appetites.

25

25

CutOn Tuesdays and Fridays you can also see demonstrations of a steam powered saw, ___ up the wood just as it did 100 years ago.

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные жирными буквам в конце строк 26—31, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните соответствующее поле справа полученными словами. Каждое поле соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26—31.

26

26

Advantages of a regular homework

NecessaryWhat is homework? Should it always be done in writing, or can it be oral? Is it ___ connected with the information and tasks from the text books?

27

27

ActiveHomework refers to any work or ___ that students are asked to do outside the classroom, either on their own or with other students or parents.

28

28

HighSometimes it is based on comparatively simple drill exercises, sometimes it involves ___ challenging tasks, project or research work aimed at integrating skills and knowledge from different subject areas.

29

29

RoutineResearch indicates that schools in which homework is ___ assigned and systemically assessed tend to have higher achieving students, as learning is not confined to the schoolroom environment.

30

30

DependHomework appropriately designed and well balanced is able to enhance self-discipline and good study habits; to develop students ___ and initiative.

31

31

AcademyIt can also provide an opportunity to revise or complete classroom work, thus reinforcing what has been taught, to provide regular feedback on the students’ progress in learning and raise ___ skills and standards. Parents who are concerned with their kids’ homework get an opportunity to become engaged in the education of their children.

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32 — 38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32 — 38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.

A night at the Museum

Anna and Ira are best friends. They are both Russian but 32 ___ the Southbank International School as their parents both work in London. They are fifteen now and are studying hard for their International Baccalaureate. Every Saturday they love to visit museums and galleries in London and so now they have visited 33 ___ all of them. But, above all, their absolute favourite is The Natural History Museum in South Kensington.

They filled in an online 34 ___ form and became «members». This means they get free magazines called «Evolve» and «Second Nature», get fast track entry to special exhibitions and they get invited to previews, workshops, talks and special 35 They even get to use the special member’s room where there are free refreshments, magazines and internet access. It 36 ___ them for the year but they felt it was really good value for money.

Last weekend they took part in «Dino snores» — an event 37 ___ by the film «A Night at the Museum». They were given a talk about bugs by TV nature presenter Nick Baker, explored the Dinosaur gallery in the dark on a torch-lit tour, watched films and played games, and then slept in sleeping bags under the shadow of the huge Diplodocus in the Museum’s iconic Central Hall. It was a night they’ll never forget. Although Ira and Anna are both interested in Dinosaurs — they are more interested in present day wildlife and most interested of all in 38 ___ Russian wildlife. When they go back to Moscow both want to study and eventually become wildlife research scientists.

32

32

1. attend

2. visit

3. go

4. enroll

33

33

1. about

2. almost

3. already

4. approximately

34

34

1. application

2. admission

3. entrance

4. request

35

35

1. dealings

2. actions

3. procedures

4. events

36

36

1. cost

2. charged

3. priced

4. spent

37

37

1. stimulated

2. motivated

3. inspired

4. encouraged

38

38

1. struggling

2. preserving

3. securing

4. supporting

Раздел 4. Письмо

При выполнении заданий 39 и 40 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются.

39

You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Ronny:

From: [email protected]

To: [email protected]

Subject: Summer

…I am so happy that summer has come and we are going to have a long holiday. What’s the weather like in Russia in summer? What is your favourite season and why this one? What are your plans for the summer? My uncle Keith is coming to visit us next week…

Write an email to Ronny.

In your message:

− answer his questions;

− ask 3 questions about his uncle.

Write 100–140 words.

Remember the rules of email writing.

40

40.1. Imagine that you are doing a project on what music genres are popular among teenagers in Zetland. You have found some data on the subject – the results of the opinion polls (see the table below). Comment on the data in the table and give your personal opinion on the subject of the project.

Вариант 6

Write 200–250 words.

Use the following plan:

− make an opening statement on the subject of the project work;

− select and report 2–3 main features;

− make 1–2 comparisons where relevant;

− outline a problem that can arise with reading and suggest the way of solving it;

− draw a conclusion giving your personal opinion on the importance of reading in human life

40.2. Imagine that you are doing a project on how did you travel in Zetland. You have found some data on the subject (see the diagram below). Comment on the data in the diagram and give your personal opinion on the subject of the project.

Вариант 6

Write 200–250 words.

Use the following plan:

− make an opening statement on the subject of the project work;

− select and report 2–3 main features;

− make 1–2 comparisons where relevant;

− outline a problem that can arise with reading and suggest the way of solving it;

− draw a conclusion giving your personal opinion on the importance of reading in human life

Раздел 5. Говорение

Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.

41

A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language usage, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.

Cities generally have complex systems for sanitation, utilities, land usage, housing, and transportation. A big city or metropolis usually has associated suburbs. Once a city expands far enough to reach another city, this region can be deemed a conurbation or megalopolis. Towns and cities have a long history. The growth of modern industry from the late 18th century onward led to massive urbanization and the rise of new great cities, first in Europe and then in other parts of the world, as new opportunities brought huge numbers of migrants from rural communities into urban areas. Today the world’s population is slightly over half urban, with millions still streaming annually into the growing cities of Asia, Africa and Latin America.

42

Study the advertisement.

Вариант 6

Study the advertisement. You are considering buying a new smartphone and now you’d like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask four direct questions to find out about the following:

  • price
  • battery life
  • image and video quality
  • number of cameras

You have 20 seconds to ask each questions.

Показать ответ

1. What is the price of this new smartphone’s model?

2. Is battery life long?

3. What quality of image and video does a new smartphone have?

4. How many cameras does a smartphone include?

43

You are going to give an interview. You have to answer five questions. Give full answers to the questions (2-3 sentences). Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.

Interviewer: Hello everybody! It’s School Channel. Our guest today is a teenager from Russia and we are going to discuss school uniform. We’d like to know our guest’s point of view on this issue. Please answer five questions. So, let’s get started.

Interviewer: Do you have to wear school uniform?

Student: ________________________________________________________________

Interviewer: Why is it important to wear school uniform? Why?

Student: _________________________________________________________________

Interviewer: What clothes do you usually wear to school?

Student: _________________________________________________________________

Interviewer: Did your parents use to wear school uniform in the past?

Student: _________________________________________________________________

Interviewer: Should all school students wear uniform in the future? Why?

Student: _________________________________________________________________

Interviewer: Thank you very much for the interview!

Показать ответ

1. Yes, I have to wear school uniform and my uniform is comfortable and beautiful. But it is expensive, because I study at the private school.

2. It is important to wear school uniform, because children go to school to get new knowledge. If pupils and students wear different clothes, it can distract from learning.

3. I usually wear blue trousers, a white shirt and a blue cardigan. I like this colour a lot and I am very glad that my uniform is blue at my school.

4. Yes, they did. My parents used to wear brown school uniform and they liked it, too. Their school uniform was formal, but beautiful.

5. I really don’t know about it. I think that all students shouldn’t wear uniform in the future, because all schools are different in different countries. And I believe that students will choose themselves how they want to be dressed up at school in the future.

44

Imagine that you are doing a project “Best Places to Live for a Teenager” together with your friend. You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2.5 minutes be ready to tell the friend about the photos:

  • give a brief description of the photos, justifying the choice of the photos for the project;
  • say in what way the pictures are different, justifying the choice of the photos for the project;
  • smention the advantages and disadvantages (1-2) of the two places for living
  • express your opinion on the subject of the project – which place for living you would prefer and why;

You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (2-3 sentences for each item of the plan, 12–15 sentences total). You have to talk continuously.

Вариант 6

Вариант 6

Источник

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