1) Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A—F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1—7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Прослушайте запись дважды.
1. Climate can influence national character.
2. The weather changes according to some objective phenomena.
3. The stock market depends on weather conditions.
4. Bad weather can be the result of human behavior.
5. Wet weather can be good in any season.
6. Some people have a gift for predicting things.
7. The weather can affect people’s health and emotions.
Говорящий | A | B | C | D | E | F |
Утверждение |
2) Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А—G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Прослушайте запись дважды.
A. Tom and Alice used to go to the same school a few years ago.
B. Tom has no homework at school.
C. Alice thinks the Arabic language is rather fashionable.
D. Tom’s been studying French at his father’s request.
E. Alice is wondering what leisure activities Tom has.
F. Tom is planning to start writing poetry.
G. Tom takes a train to visit his parents on holidays.
Утверждение | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
Соответствие диалогу |
3) Вы услышите интервью. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды.
Greg believes that his present professional success depends on
1) rich experience.
2) putting pressure on himself.
3) his happy family life.
4) Вы услышите интервью. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды.
Speaking about his past Greg says that he
1) was too busy achieving his goals.
2) was a good family man.
3) never experienced a failure.
5) Вы услышите интервью. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды.
What is said about Dina’s relations with Greg’s children from his previous marriage?
1) She is friendly with them.
2) She tries to avoid meeting them.
3) She doesn’t know anything about them.
6) Вы услышите интервью. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды.
Describing his relations with his little daughter, Greg stresses that
1) he now has the opportunity to give her enough attention and care.
2) it is quite difficult to raise a child at his age.
3) she is brighter and more spiritual than his other children.
7) Вы услышите интервью. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды.
In his youth, Greg had a dream to
1) act in westerns.
2) play jazz.
3) serve in the army.
Вы услышите интервью. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды.
What does Greg say about his age?
1) It has no influence on his career.
2) It has affected his strength and energy.
3) It makes him think about stopping work.
9) Вы услышите интервью. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды.
Which of the following may refer to one of the most important lessons of Greg’s life?
1) Plan your life and follow your ambitions.
2) Life cannot be always perfect.
3) Anger helps to achieve a lot in life.
—————————————
Видео обучающее
Pronunciation
Сommunication
Learning English (BrE) 1 2 3
The best English (AmE)
Grammar 1 2 3
ЕГЭ FCE TOEFL BEC
English speaking world
—————————————
—————————————
Готовимся к экзаменам
——————————————
Проверь свой английский
в игре
—————————————
—————————————
English-speaking countries
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
——————————————
Песни и упражнения
АНГЛИЙСКОЕ АУДИРОВАНИЕ – уже долгое время является гармоничной частью различных тестов по английскому языку, включая ЕГЭ. Сегодня мы рассмотрим аудирование, которое предлагается для сдачи единого государственного экзамена, и попробуем свои силы в прохождении этого этапа.
Итак, прежде всего следует сказать, английское аудирование на ЕГЭ проводится в двух видах – монологическом и диалогическом. Проще говоря, вы будете аудировать монологи и диалоги на английском языке.
ЗАДАНИЕ 1 (из ЕГЭ)
В качестве первого задания обычно предлагается ряд непродолжительных сообщений, которые вы должны понять и запомнить. Далее вы должны соотнести эти сообщения с высказываниями, данными в ким (контрольно-измерительных материалах, т.к. в бумажных тестах).
Давайте посмотрим на конкретный пример. Представьте, что вы пришли сдавать егэ по английскому языку и собираетесь пройти английское аудирование. Вы получаете следующее задание:
Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего А-F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1-7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды.
Прочитав это задание, вы должны настроиться на: а) двойное прослушивание записей (так что не расстраивайтесь, если что-то вдруг не расслышали с первого раза), б) соотнесение смысла высказываний со смыслом данных утверждений, в) одно лишнее утверждение.
Теперь настала пора познакомиться с утверждениями, к которым следует подобрать звучащее соответствие:
1. Before such tours you should learn how to move and breathe in rapid water.
2. This company ignores tourists’ safety.
3. Rafting can be life-threatening.
4. This kind of tour is for strong and fit people.
5. Professional staff make these difficult tours fun.
6. If you secure your life jacket properly, you’ll come home safely.
7. Team spirit and optimism are important in such tours.
Помните, что одно из высказываний лишнее.
Итак, давайте приступим к выполнению непосредственного задания на английское аудирование и послушаем сами высказывания:
Play Задание 1
ответ
Вот правильные ответы:
A-2
B-4
C-7
D-5
E-1
F-3
Вот тексты, которые вы услышали в первом задании:
Speaker A: Our trip with this company started with manually dragging our boats round the first Beginner’s Luck rapids. Well, I fell on the rocks while doing this and injured my elbow. This company has a strange view on safety! Our guide, with 9 years of experience, did nothing to prevent our boat from being turned upside down, throwing all three of us into the water. So I am begging you: do yourself a favor – please use another boating company!
Speaker B: This trip isn’t about being rowed down a river. You will paddle, feel pain and get bruises. You wear a helmet and life jacket for a reason. You need to be at a basic level of physical fitness; there is some climbing up and down rocks and on uneven ground, and it’s slippery. You need to paddle sitting in an awkward position. You have to be able to get up and down quickly. You have to listen and respond to directions. If you really can do that, sign up!
Speaker C: At the end of the day, don’t be lazy. We’re all tired; we’re all sore and bruised, so what? Help take your boat up. Not doing that is considered rude. And please don’t be pessimistic, gloomy or unpleasant because it may annoy the people around you who are trying to hear the guides and have a fun day with family and friends. Kids can go too, but they need to be at least 90 pounds, or at least twelve years old, and they need to be good swimmers and listeners.
Speaker D: I’ve gone with this company twice now and I enjoyed it both times. There are several rafting companies out there but you won’t meet personnel as qualified as you meet here. These people are doing what they love. I would not take these trips without a guide as I’d kill myself. They get you down safely and allow you to have fun between the rapids! Food was good and every time we passed another outfitter, it became evident we chose the best one!
Speaker E: There is a common assumption that life jackets keep your head above water at all times. WRONG – they are constructed to be able to float in water, so in any case you will pop to the surface. But waves and river currents are strong enough to take you under water for brief periods. A good rafting company typically provides a course on how to breathe strategically in rapids, but most beginners usually forget all that in the panic of being in the water.
Speaker F: I almost got killed in a white water rafting trip. This is how it happened. I rafted a very fast river. The guy in front of me lost his footing, banged into me and we both fell in. Our boat panicked, so we were rescued by another one 10 minutes later. We were heavily injured and I was barely conscious. My life jacket did NOT protect me from going under the crashing pull of white water. Don’t listen to those who say that rafting is safe, it is dangerous!
ЗАДАНИЕ 2 (из ЕГЭ)
Узнав, что такое английское аудирование монологических высказываний, мы переходим к рассмотрению английского аудирования диалогической речи.
Ваше задание формулируется следующим образом:
Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений A-G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Вы услышите запись дважды.
Как видите, вам надо настроиться на восприятие диалога. После двойного прослушивания диалога вам необходимо будет прочитать утверждения, данные в ваших бумажных контрольно-измерительных материалах и определить, является ли каждое конкретное утверждение верным (т.е. точно такая же информация прозвучала в тексте), неверным (т.е. утверждение противоречит устному сообщению) или не установленным (т.е. о такой теме даже и речи не было).
Вот эти утверждения:
A: Lucy wasn’t at school for several days.
B: Lucy felt bad because of overeating.
C: Lucy’s mother is a doctor.
D: Peter did exercises with the map of the UK.
E: Peter is not afraid of the test.
F: Peter offers his notes to Lucy.
G: Lucy and Peter are going to review for the test later.
Давайте прослушаем сам диалог:
Play Задание 2
ответ
Вот правильные ответы:
A-2
B-1
C-3
D-3
E-1
F-2
G-1
Вот диалог, который вы услышали в задании 2:
Peter: Hi, Lucy! You weren’t at school today. What is the matter? I was worried about you.
Lucy: Hi, Peter. It’s nothing serious, actually. I just felt a bit sick in the morning, so my mom let me stay at home.
Peter: You poor thing! And are you feeling better now?
Lucy: Yeah, much better, thank you. I guess it must have been the pizza that I ate yesterday. That was the reason for my bad stomachache. I had too much. But now, yeah, I feel all right. I think I won’t have to miss any more lessons this week.
Peter: But you haven’t been to the doctor’s office, have you? Won’t you have problems at school because you missed classes? When I was ill last month, I brought a medical certificate to school.
Lucy: Well, my mom called our class teacher, so I don’t think there will be any problems. Besides we don’t have many lessons on Wednesdays. How was Geography, by the way? Did you take a test?
Peter: Oh, no, we didn’t, but we revised the material for the test. The teacher asked several people to do exercises with the map of the UK at the blackboard, and then we had a sort of contest in groups where we had to find different mountains, rivers and lakes – the quicker the better, that was fun! And we also checked our homework and asked the teacher questions if we were not sure about the answers. You know, I feel well-prepared for tomorrow’s test now.
Lucy: Wait a second! Are we going to take the test tomorrow? I can’t believe it!
Peter: Yes, our teacher said that we are starting a new topic next week, so we have to finish this one tomorrow. Do you need any help with geography?
Lucy: Uh, if you can lend me your exercise-book with notes and checked homework, that would save me hours.
Peter: I am afraid I can’t give you my exercise-book right now because I have to revise the material for the test myself. But if you call me in two hours, we could probably study for the test together.
Lucy: Sounds like a great idea. And thanks so much for offering to help. It’s so nice to have a friend like you.
Peter: No problem. See you later then. Bye for now.
Lucy: Bye, Peter.
ЗАДАНИЕ 3 (из ЕГЭ)
После того, как вы разберетесь с диалогом, вас будет ждать еще одно задание диалогического типа – интервью. Вот, как формулируется задание:
Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях выберите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую Вашему варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
Итак, давайте выполним задание 3 английского аудирования. Прослушайте интервью:
Play Задание 3
Вот вопросы:
1. Greg believes that his present professional success depends on …
1) rich experience.
2) putting pressure on himself.
3) his happy family life.
2. Speaking about his past Greg says that he …
1) never experienced a failure.
2) was too busy achieving his goals.
3) was a good family man.
3. What is said about Dina’s relations with Greg’s children from his previous marriage?
1) She tries to avoid meeting them.
2) She doesn’t know anything about them.
3) She is friendly with them.
4. Describing his relations with his little daughter, Greg stresses that …
1) she is brighter and more spiritual than his other children.
2) he now has the opportunity to give her enough attention and care.
3) it is quite difficult to raise a child at his age.
5. In his youth, Greg had a dream to …
1) act in westerns.
2) serve in the army.
3) play jazz.
6. What does Greg say about his age?
1) It has no influence on his career.
2) It has affected his strength and energy.
3) It makes him think about stopping work.
7. Which of the following may refer to one of the most important lessons of Greg’s life?
1) Anger helps to achieve a lot in life.
2) Life cannot be always perfect.
3) Plan your life and follow your ambitions.
ответ
Вот правильные ответы:
1 – 3
2 – 2
3 – 3
4 – 2
5 – 3
6 – 1
7 – 2
Вот текст интервью, которое вы услышали в задании 3:
Presenter: Hello everybody and welcome to our program “5 minutes with a star”! Today we have a well-known actor Greg Jones. Hello, Greg, so nice to see you today, thanks for coming.
Speaker: Hi, everybody! It’s my pleasure being here with all of you today.
Presenter: So, your acting career is on another high at the moment – to what do you attribute this?
Speaker: I think having a happy home really helps. It took me a long time to achieve that. I used to put a lot of pressure on myself to accomplish things… make money, gain experience… And I wasn’t a proper father and husband when I was younger. I learnt a lot from my failures in the past. Now, with my wife Dina, I’ve been able to realize what really matters and devote myself to her and to raising our daughter Marylen.
Presenter: I see. And do you keep in close touch with your older children?
Speaker: Yes. Actually, Dina is the person who brings everyone together. She doesn’t have any resentment about my previous marriage. She got acquainted with my first wife and it’s been really wonderful for me to see her be very open and want everyone to feel appreciated.
Presenter: Is it tough to raise a young daughter in your sixties?
Speaker: Absolutely not! I have more time, I understand more about being a father, and watching her grow up has been one of the greatest pleasures of my life. She’s an amazing girl – very bright, very spirited. It’s the first time that I’ve really been able to be the kind of father that I wanted to be, but because of my career ambitions, I never allowed myself the chance to spend that kind of time with my older children.
Presenter: Speaking about your career, what was your first big ambition?
Speaker: Well, when I was younger I wanted to become a jazz musician, which got somehow sidetracked when I was drafted into the army. After that it took a long time for me to get any good acting roles until I started doing Westerns. It took many years, even after I became quite famous, for me to understand what I really wanted to do.
Presenter: That’s interesting. And do you have any thoughts of retiring?
Speaker: Age is just a state of mind and I’m lucky as retirement isn’t enforced on actors and directors. I’d planned on not working after I was 39! But here I am at 69 and enjoying working more today than I have ever done. I think I shall go on while I have all that strength and energy.
Presenter: Do you feel you’ve learnt any lessons about life that you’d like to share with us?
Speaker: Life rarely goes the way you plan it. There are good things and bad things that happen to you all the time and you have to be able to admit that, deal with it and move on. When I was younger I was angry at the world, always full of ambitions, but now finally I’ve been able to relax.
Presenter: Okay. And my final question. What do you see as your biggest accomplishment?
Speaker: Well … My life now is exactly how I hoped it could be 20 years ago. Lots of things are important – my four children, professional success … But, I’d say, finding a good partner in life is true happiness for me.
Мы надеемся, что вы сможете освоить наш материал и сдать английский аудирование на максимально высокие баллы.
Добро пожаловать в раздел подготовки к егэ английский
Если вас интересуют практические материалы по развитию навыка аудирования, то пройдите в специальный раздел с материалами на аудирование английский.
Задание 1
Прослушайте шесть высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.
1. | A diary in your mobile may be a good idea. |
2. | This way to remember things doesn’t go well with hygiene. |
3. | One should keep used diaries and daily planners. |
4. | This technique is not good for remembering things. |
5. | Good memory may be a question of genetics. |
6. | Writing things on pieces of paper is convenient. |
7. | Keeping a diary can help not to forget things. |
Задание 2
Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.
Задания 3-9
Прослушайте интервью. В заданиях А8–А14 укажите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа.
Задание 10
Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1 | When we don’t sleep |
2 | Not only for humans |
3 | How dreaming helps |
4 | When we dream |
5 | Why dreams can be scary |
6 | What we feel dreaming |
7 | How we forget dreams |
8 | How we remember dreams |
A | Even though our dreams may feel like they last for hours and hours, we hardly spend more than two hours dreaming each night, which means a person spends a total of nearly six years dreaming throughout a lifetime. In general there are four phases of the sleep cycle and all dreaming occurs practically at the final phase. Each of these sleep cycles lasts approximately 60 to 90 minutes and may repeat several times throughout the night. |
B | Anxiety is the most popular emotion experienced in dreams. Many people dream of falling, which is often connected to something in our lives that is going in the wrong direction. In addition, dreams of being chased are very common and are linked to avoidance. Also people report dreams about their teeth falling out, which is related to the words and communication we might have in real life. |
C | Dreaming helps people make sense of the information and events that occur in their lives. Dreams play an important role in processing and remembering information that we absorb daily. Also, they help reduce stress and even solve problems. It’s very possible to work through real-life problems while dreaming at night. In addition, dreams provide a lot of important content and meaning that can be used to inspire and direct our lives during the day. |
D | Nearly 5 to 10% of adults have nightmares. There are several reasons for it, for example when people start taking certain medications or when they withdraw from drugs. Some physical conditions, such as stress or illness, can also be a trigger. However, in some cases adults may have frequent nightmares that are unrelated to their everyday lives, which may signify that they are more creative, sensitive, and emotional than the average person. |
E | There is no person who does not have dreams, but not everybody recalls them. The most vivid dreams happen during the Rapid Eye Movement sleep stage when the brain is extremely active and the eyes move back and forth quickly underneath the eyelids. Although dream recall varies from person to person, some people have little or no recollection of the content, and around 90% of dreams are gone following the first 10 minutes of waking up. |
F | Scientists have found that animals also dream and their subconscious thoughts are connected to real experiences. Animals’ dreams are complex, containing long sequences of events. Animals’ brains share the same series of sleeping states as the brain of human beings. Analyzing animals’ dreams and the content of their dreams may help scientists treat memory disorders and develop new ways for people to learn and retain information more effectively. |
G | Only five minutes after the end of a dream and half of the content is likely to vanish from our memories. It’s not that dreams aren’t important enough to keep in mind, but other things tend to get in the way. Dream researcher L. Strumpell believes that dreams disappear from our memories for a number of factors. For example, we may not recall dream images that lack intensity, association or repetition, which are usually needed for dream recall. |
Задание 11
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
Promoting language learning
The European Union (EU) is committed to supporting the rights of its
citizens to personal and professional mobility, and their ability to communicate
with each other. It does so by A_____________________ to promote the teaching
and learning of European languages. These programmes have at least one thing in
common: they cover cross-border projects involving partners from two, and often
three or more, EU countries.
The EU programmes are designed to complement the national education
policies of member countries. Each government is responsible for its own national
education policy, B_____________________. What the EU programmes do is to
create links between countries and regions via joint projects,
C_____________________.
Since 2007 the main programmes have been put under the overall umbrella
of the EU’s lifelong learning programme. All languages are eligible for support
under this programme: official languages, regional, minority and migrant
languages, D_____________________. There are national information centres in
each country, E_____________________.
The cultural programmes of the EU also promote linguistic and cultural
diversity in a number of ways. The “Media” programme funds the dubbing and
subtitling of European films for F _________. The “Culture”
programme builds cross-cultural bridges by supporting the translation of modern
authors into other EU languages.
- and the languages of the EU’s major trading partners
- which includes language teaching and learning
- cinemas and television in other EU countries
- which enhance the impact of language teaching and learning
- funding a number of educational programmes
- and encouraging people to learn new languages
- where details about the application procedures are given
Задания 12-18
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному
варианту ответа.
Space could solve water problems
Have you ever tasted saltwater? I guess you have and if so, you will agree
with me that it’s not very refreshing. In fact, drinking more than a few cups worth
can kill you.
According to the United States Geological Survey, whose mission is to
collect and disseminate reliable, impartial, and timely information that is needed to
understand the nation’s water resources, about ninety-seven percent of the water on
our planet is saltwater; the rest is stored in lakes, rivers, glaciers and aquifers
underground. Moreover, only about one-third of the world’s potential fresh water
can be used for human needs. As pollution increases, the amount of usable water
decreases.
Water is the most precious and taken-for-granted resource we have on Earth.
It is also one of the most threatened resources. Increased population and possible
climate change will put more and more strain on supplies of this vital resource as
time goes on. What could we do in this situation? Though it may seem like science
fiction, the solution could lie in outer space.
I’m not saying we’re going to be teleporting to a spring on the other side of
the galaxy or colonizing another planet just to have longer showers – it’s much
more mundane than that. What we could achieve realistically in this century is the
successful use of the solar system’s rare metals and water, barring the invention of
the matrix.
You may be surprised to learn that the metal in your keys, coins, cell phone,
computer, car and everywhere else, originally came to this planet from space.
When Earth formed, the heavy metals sank to the center and formed a solid core.
The lighter elements formed the mantle and the crust we live on. Asteroids and
comets that struck the Earth brought water and metals to the surface.
There are thousands of asteroids orbiting near Earth. Most asteroids are
made of rock, but some are composed of metal, mostly nickel and iron. Probes
could be sent out to these to identify useful ones. Then larger probes could push
them towards the Earth where they can be handled in orbit.
In order to fuel ships and probes, we simply need to find a source of water,
such as a comet or the surface of the moon. We collect the water and pass an
electric current through it from a solar panel. The water separates into oxygen and
hydrogen, which in liquid form is a powerful rocket fuel.
Is this really possible? We may soon find out. Private company SpaceX has
already started delivering equipment to the International Space Station (ISS).
The ISS is proof that countries once at each other’s throats, like America and
Russia, can work together and pull off multi-billion dollar projects.
Recently, a company called Planetary Resources Inc. made the news for
getting big names like Google and Microsoft to invest in exploring asteroids for material gain. Although it will take many decades, it is wise to put the gears in
motion now.
We’ve already landed probes on the surface of asteroids and taken samples
from them. We can put something as large as the ISS, which weighs just short of
500 tons, according to National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), in
orbit.
We can make a half-million-mile round-trip to get rocks from the moon. We
can do all of these things already. They just need to be applied and developed in
a smart way.
Задания 19-25
Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных
номерами 19–25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–25.
One airline had a policy that required the first officer to stand at the door while the passengers exited. He smiled and thanked them for the airline. [FLY]
A pilot on this airline landed his plane into the runway really hard. He thought that passengers angry comments. [HAVE]
However, it seemed that all of were too shocked to say anything. Finally, everyone got off except for a little old lady. She said, ‘Can I ask you a question?’ ‘Yes, Madam,’ said the pilot. ‘What was it?’ the lady asked, ‘Did we land or were we shot down?’ [THEY]
The Alhambra is a palace and fortress in Granada. It between 1238 and 1358 at the end of
Muslim rule in Spain. Despite the development that followed the Christian conquest, it still looks like a medieval Moorish settlement. [BUILD]
Since the Middle Ages, the Alhambra as a remarkable example of a Spanish-Moorish town. As most fortresses of that time, it has a surrounding wall, but it looks fairly weak. [SURVIVE]
Later it the kings of Granada and was just supposed to offer nice views. [NOT/DEFEND]
Today, the Alhambra to be one of the greatest examples of Islamic architecture. [CONSIDER]
Задания 26-31
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26–31,
однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26–31.
Задания 32-38
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32–38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32–38, в которых представлены
возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
When the war ended I returned to Trinity College and was granted an extra year to complete my degree. 32 ____________________ my father and mother considered my grant at Trinity the highlight of the year, I thought Dad’s receiving an award from the Queen was more important. The ceremony turned 33 ______________________ to be a double delight, because I was able to witness my old tutor, Professor Bradford, receive his award for the role he had played in the field of breaking German military codes 34 ______________________ the war. I was proud of our little team working under Professor Bradford – as Churchill stated in the House of Commons, we had probably cut the length of the war by a year. We all met up afterwards for tea at the Ritz, and not unnaturally at some 35 _____________________ during the afternoon the conversation switched to what career I proposed to follow now the war was over. To my father’s credit he had never once 36 _____________________ that I should join him at the family company, especially as I knew how much he had longed for another son who might eventually 37 ___________________ his place. In fact, during the summer vacation I became even more conscious of my good fortune, as Father seemed to be preoccupied with the business and Mother was unable to hide her own anxiety about the future of the company. But whenever I asked if I could help all she would 38 __________________ was, “Don’t worry, it will all work out in the end.”
При выполнении заданий 32-38 вам поможет:
Методичка “Фразовые глаголы”
Задание 39
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Joan who writes:
… When I forget to take an umbrella in summer, it always rains. What’s the weather like in summer where you live? What do you usually do when it rains? How do you protect yourself from bad weather?
I bought new shoes two days ago, but now I think I should take them back to the store …
Write a letter to Joan.
In your letter
– answer her questions
– ask 3 questions about her new shoes
Write 100–140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Как написать личное письмо на ЕГЭ по английскому языку
Задание 40
Выберите только ОДНО из двух предложенных высказываний (40.1 или 40.2), укажите его номер в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ № 2 и выразите своё мнение
по предложенной проблеме согласно данному плану.
Comment on one of the following statements.
40.1 Exams motivate students to study harder.
40.2 It is better for children to grow up in the city.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200–250 words.
Use the following plan:
– make an introduction (state the problem paraphrasing the given
statement);
– express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion;
– express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing
opinion;
– explain why you do not agree with the opposing opinion;
– make a conclusion restating your position.
Вам помогут:
Методичка: “Примерные темы и аргументы для эссе (с лексикой)”
Курс эссе
Удачи на экзамене!
Раздел 1. Аудирование
Прослушайте шесть высказываний.Установите соответствие между высказываниями
каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7.
Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой,
только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение.
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.
1) Climate can influence national character.
2) The weather changes according to some objective phenomena.
3) The stock market depends on weather conditions.
4) Bad weather can be the result of human behavior.
5) Wet weather can be good in any season.
6) Some people have a gift for predicting things.
7) The weather can affect people’s health and emotions.
Прослушайте интервью. В заданиях А8–А14 укажите номер выбранного
Вами варианта ответа.
A8 Greg believes that his present professional success depends on …
1)rich experience.
2)putting pressure on himself.
3)his happy family life.
A9 Speaking about his past Greg says that he …
1)was too busy achieving his goals.
2)was a good family man.
3)never experienced a failure.
A10 What is said about Dina’s relations with Greg’s children from his previous marriage?
1)She is friendly with them.
2)She tries to avoid meeting them.
3)She doesn’t know anything about them.
A11 Describing his relations with his little daughter, Greg stresses that …
1)he now has the opportunity to give her enough attention and care.
2)it is quite difficult to raise a child at his age.
3)she is brighter and more spiritual than his other children.
A12 In his youth, Greg had a dream to …
1)act in westerns.
2)play jazz.
3)serve in the army.
A13 What does Greg say about his age?
1)It has no influence on his career.
2)It has affected his strength and energy.
3)It makes him think about stopping work.
A14 Which of the following may refer to one of the most important lessons of Greg’s life?
1)Plan your life and follow your ambitions.
2)Life cannot be always perfect.
3)Anger helps to achieve a lot in life.
Раздел 2. Чтение
Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G.
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз.
В задании один заголовок лишний.
1) It had its finest hour 5) Ideas on sale
2) A long way to popularity 6) Brilliant ideas and brave deeds
3) A stairway to heaven 7) Borrowed ideas
4) Extraordinary combinations Revolutionary materials
A) Born in 1743, Thomas Jefferson helped shape the new American nation and
also shaped some of the country’s most famous buildings. The twentieth century
architects who designed the circular Jefferson Memorial in Washington D.C. drew
inspiration from Thomas Jefferson’s architectural ideas. And from where did
Jefferson get his ideas? The Pantheon in Rome! This building with its classical
portico became a model that influenced Western architecture for 2,000 years.
B) Postmodern architecture evolved from the modernist movement, yet
contradicts many of the modernist ideas. Combining new ideas with traditional
forms, postmodernist buildings may startle, surprise, and even amuse. Familiar
shapes and details are used in unexpected ways. Philip Johnson’s AT&T
Headquarters is often cited as an example ofpostmodernism. Like many buildings
in the international style, this skyscraper has a classical facade.
C) The Industrial Revolution in Europe brought about a new trend: the use of
metals instead of wood and stone in construction. Built in 1889, the Eiffel Tower
is perhaps the most famous example of this new use for metal. For 40 years, the
Eiffel Tower measured the tallest in the world. The metal lattice-work, formed
with very pure structural iron, makes the tower both extremely light and able
to withstand tremendous wind forces.
D) By the early 1800s, Belfast had become a major port at the beating heart of
the region’s industry. The launching of the Titanic from the shipways was
attendedby an estimated 100,000 people, showing how important this event
was for Belfast.Many more impressive ships would leave the yard in the coming
years before the decline of the shipbuilding industry began in the 1950s, but the
Titanic marked the zenith of the great shipbuilding era in Belfast.
E) Thomas Andrews was the chief naval architect at the Harland and Wolff
shipyard in Belfast during the early 1900s. He brought the idea of ‘Olympic
class’ ocean liners to life. The most famous of these was Titanic, which he joined
on its first voyage. His actions when the ship sank on 15 April 1912 are believed
to have saved many lives, but at the cost of his own. In his home town of
Comber, the life of Thomas Andrews is commemorated by the Memorial Hall,
opened in 1915.
F) An e-book or “electronic book” is available digitally downloaded, and accessed
through a device such as a computer, a smart phone or, popularly, a portable e-book
reader. In 1971, Michael Hart began storing vast contents of libraries in electronic formats.
Hart named his efforts Project Gutenberg, after the inventor of the printing press. Libraries
were early adopters of the technology. But it took nearly thirty years for the idea of the e-book
to take firm hold with the consumer.
G) The Frankfurt Book Fair is held in October of each year. It usually hosts more than 7,300
exhibitors from 100 countries ranging from Albania to Zimbabwe. For the American book publishing
industry, the Frankfurt Book Fair is predominantly a trade fair, that is, a professional meeting
place for publishers, editors, librarians, book subsidiary rights managers, booksellers, film
producers, authors and many others who are involved in the creation and licensing of book content.
Прочитайте рассказ и выполните задания 1–7. В каждом задании
обведите букву A, B, C или D, соответствующую выбранному вами
варианту ответа.
First Train Trip
I must have been about eight when I made my first train trip. I think I was in
second grade at that time.It was midsummer, hot and wet in central Kansas,
and time for my aunt Winnie’s annual vacation from the store, where she
worked as a clerk six days a week. She invited me to join her on a trip to
Pittsburgh, fifty miles away, to see her sister, my aunt Alice.
«Sally, would you like to go there by train or by car?» aunt Winnie asked.
«Oh, please, by train, aunt Winnie, dear! We’ve been there by car three times
already!»
Alice was one of my favourite relatives and I was delighted to be invited to her
house. As I was the youngest niece in Mother’s big family, the aunties all tended
tospoil me and Alice was no exception. She kept a boarding house for college
students, a two-storey, brown brick building with comfortable, nicely decorated
rooms at the corner of 1200 Kearney Avenue. She was also a world-class cook,
which kept her boarding house full of young people. It seemed to me that their
life was so exciting and joyful.
Since I’d never ridden a train before, I became more and more excited as the
magic day drew near. I kept questioning Mother about train travel, but she just
said,»Wait. You’ll see.» For an eight-year-old, waiting was really difficult, but
finally the big day arrived. Mother had helped me pack the night before, and my
little suitcase was full with summer sundresses, shorts and blouses, underwear
and pyjamas. I was reading Billy Whiskers, a fantastic story about a goat that
once made a train trip to New York, and I had put that in as well. It was almost
midnight when I could go to bed at last.
We arrived at the station early, purchased our tickets and found our car. I was
fascinated by the face-to-face seats so some passengers could ride backwards.
Why would anyone, I thought, want to see where they’d been? I only wanted to
see what lay ahead for me.
Finally, the conductor shouted, «All aboard!» to the people on the platform. They
climbed into the cars, the engineer blew the whistle and clanged the bell, and we
pulled out of the station.
This train stopped at every town between my home in Solomon and Pittsburgh.
It was known as the «milk train» because at one time it had delivered goods as
well as passengers to these villages. I looked eagerly at the signs at each station.
I’d been through all these towns by car, but this was different. The shaky ride of
the coaches, the soft brown plush seats,the smells of the engine drifting back
down the track and in through the open windows made this trip far more exotic.
The conductor, with his black uniform and shiny hat, the twinkling signals that
told the engineer when to stop and go, thrilled me. To an adult, the trip must
haveseemed painfully slow, but I enjoyed every minute.
Aunt Winnie had packed a lunch for us to eat along the way as there was no
dining car in the train. I was dying to know just what was in that big shopping
bag she carried, but she, too, said, «Wait. You’ll see.» Midway, Aunt Winnie pulled
down her shopping bag from the luggage rack above our seats. My eyes widened
as she opened it and began to take out its contents.
I had expected lunchmeat sandwiches, but instead there was a container of fried
chicken, two hardboiled eggs, bread and butter wrapped in waxed paper, crisp
radishes and slim green onions from Winnie’s garden, as well as rosy sliced
tomatoes. She had brought paper plates, paper cups and some of the «everyday»
silverware.A large bottle of cold tea was well wrapped in a dishtowel; the ice had
melted,but it was still chilly. I cautiously balanced my plate on my knees and ate,
wiping mylips and fingers with a large paper napkin. This was living!
When we had cleaned our plates, Aunt Winnie looked into the bag one more
time. The best treat of all appeared – homemade chocolate cakes! Another cup
of cold tea washed these down and then we carefully returned the remains of
the food and silverware to the bag, which Aunt Winnie put into the corner by her
feet. «Almost there,» said my aunt, looking out of the window at the scenery
passing by. And sure enough, as we pulled into the Pittsburgh station we
immediately caught sight of aunt Alice, waiting for us, a smile like the sun
lighting up her face, arms wide open. We got off the train and she led us past the
taxi rank and the bus stop to her car that was parked near the station.
And all the way to her home she was asking about my impressions of my first
train trip and I could hardly find the words to express all the thrill and excitement
that filled me.
A15. The first time Sally travelled by train was when she
А) had to move to her aunt Alice.
B) had a summer vacation at school.
C) went to Pittsburgh for the first time in her life.
D) visited her aunt Alice together with aunt Winnie.
A16. Aunt Alice made her living by
А) working as a cook.
B) keeping a boarding house.
C) decorating houses.
D) working as a teacher at college.
A17. Sally was waiting for her first train trip so impatiently that she
А) packed her things long before the trip.
B) lost her appetite a week before the trip.
C) asked her Mother many questions about train trips.
D) couldn’t sleep the night before the trip
A18. Sally didn’t like the idea of riding backwards because
А) it could make her sick.
B) she could miss her station.
C) she could miss the conductor.
D) she wanted to see where she was going.
A19. The trip to Pittsburgh by train seemed so exotic to Sally because
А) she had never travelled so far from her native town.
B) travelling by train was very different from a car ride.
C) she had never travelled in comfort.
D) she had never travelled without her parents.
A20. Sally thought that at lunchtime they would have
А) meat sandwiches.
B) bread and butter with coffee.
C) fried chicken, eggs and vegetables.
D) tea with chocolate cakes.
A21. Aunt Alice was waiting for Sally and aunt Winnie
А) at home.
B) in her car.
C) on the platform.
D) at the bus stop.
Описание заданий 3—9
В заданиях 3—9 надо выбрать правильный ответ из трёх предложенных. Задания 3—9 основаны на одном звучащем тексте — это может быть интервью, радиопередача, репортаж. Дважды звучит аудиозапись текста, перед вами в экзаменационном задании семь вопросов и к каждому — три варианта ответа, из которых только один является правильным. Так проверяется полное понимание текста. За каждый правильный ответ вы получаете 1 балл, максимум за успешное выполнение этого задания — 7 баллов.
Задания 3—9 — высокого уровня сложности, они предназначены для выпускников, обучавшихся по программе профильного уровня (более трёх часов английского языка в неделю). Эти задания включаются в экзаменационную работу для того, чтобы дифференцировать участников экзамена, претендующих на самые высокие баллы (80—100 баллов). Если вы считаете, что вам достаточно набрать 60—70 баллов, не тратьте много времени и сил на задания 3—9.
Стратегии выполнения заданий 3—9
1. В этих заданиях проверяется полное и детальное понимание текста. Некоторые вопросы могут проверять понимание деталей, и они связаны с конкретным отрезком текста. Другие вопросы могут проверять понимание всего текста, понимание мыслей и намерений автора и могут быть связаны не с конкретным отрезком текста, а с текстом в целом. Как правило, такие вопросы (один—два) даются последними.
2. Задание на множественный выбор может быть представлено как вопрос с вариантами ответов и как незаконченное предложение с вариантами концовки.
3. Как и в предыдущем задании, предложенные вам тестовые вопросы обычно идут в том же порядке, что и информация в тексте. Поэтому при прослушивании аудиотекста вы можете глазами следить за вопросами, и сам порядок их следования может вам помочь.
4. В конце задания могут быть вопросы более общего характера. Отвечая на них, надо подумать обо всём аудиотексте в целом.
5. При выборе ответа надо руководствоваться только той информацией, которая даётся в аудиотексте, а не тем, что вы знаете или думаете по данному вопросу.
6. Не “цепляйтесь” за конкретные слова, думайте об их смысле.
Задания 3—9. До и во время первого прослушивания
1. Перед первым прослушиванием вам даётся время, чтобы просмотреть все тестовые вопросы к данному тексту. Эти вопросы дадут вам представление о содержании аудиотекста (его логике, развитии событий в нём и т. п.).
2. Найдите в вопросах ключевые слова и подберите к ним синонимы.
3. При первом прослушивании отмечайте галочкой (или обводите кружком) ответы, которые вы считаете правильными. Если вы не уверены в правильности выбора, используйте другой условный значок — например, знак вопроса. Таким образом, ко второму прослушиванию вам будет ясно, где вы уверены в ответе (стоит галочка или кружком обведён ответ), где есть сомнения (знак вопроса), а где вы не можете отдать предпочтение ни одному из предложенных вариантов (нет никакого значка).
Задания 3—9. Во время второго прослушивания
1. Во время второго прослушивания проверьте свои ответы и восполните недостающие.
2. Имейте в виду, что и правильные, и неправильные ответы могут содержать слова и выражения из аудиотекста. Для выбора правильного ответа надо обращать больше внимания на общий смысл и на контекст, а не на отдельные слова. Если вы слышите в аудиотексте те же слова, что даны в варианте ответа, но совсем в другом контексте, это неверный вариант ответа.
3. Помните, что если два альтернативных ответа совпадают по смыслу (синонимичны), ни один из них не может быть правильным.
4. Правильный ответ не обязательно включает всю информацию, которая содержится в аудиотексте.
Задания 3—9. Заключительный этап
Закончив работу над всеми вопросами к данному аудиотексту, прочитайте выбранные вами ответы все подряд. Проверьте, нет ли в выбранных ответах нарушений логики, не противоречат ли они друг другу.
Учимся выполнять задания 3—9
Разбор заданий 3—9
ШАГ 1. Знакомимся с третьим заданием раздела “Аудирование”. Внимательно изучаем инструкцию к заданию. Стараемся понять, что необходимо сделать в задании.
Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3—9 обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
Внимательно ознакомимся с заданием и попытаемся выделить коммуникативную задачу, т. е. разобраться, что нужно сделать участникам, чтобы успешно выполнить предложенное задание. Задание представляет собой интервью, в котором участвуют двое: ведущий и известный актёр. Задание имеет формат теста с множественным выбором ответа, то есть представлены неполные утверждения, которые нужно закончить, выбрав завершение предложения из трёх предложенных вариантов, или даются вопросы, на которые нужно ответить, выбрав правильный ответ. Задача экзаменуемого — определить правильные ответы, исходя из содержания текста, и записать их в поле для ответа.
Инструкция позволяет определить, что данное задание направлено на полное (детальное) понимание информации в тексте и в нём проверяются такие умения, как:
• точно и полно понимать всю информацию и детали;
• понимать текст на уровне значения и на уровне смысла;
• понимать информацию, данную имплицитно, то есть в неявном виде; понимать подтекст.
ШАГ 2. Изучаем письменные утверждения/вопросы 3—9. Пытаемся понять смысл утверждений, чтобы определить, какая информация потребуется для решения поставленной задачи. Определяем, что для решения поставленной задачи необходимо понять как детали, данные эксплицитно (в явном виде), так и смысл всего текста и отдельных абзацев, представленный имплицитно.
3. Greg believes that his present professional success depends on …
1) rich experience.
2) putting pressure on himself.
3) his happy family life.
4. Speaking about his past Greg says that he …
1) never experienced a failure.
2) was too busy achieving his goals.
3) was a good family man.
5. What is said about Dina’s relations with Greg’s children from his previous marriage?
1) She tries to avoid meeting them.
2) She doesn’t know anything about them.
3) She is friendly with them.
6. Describing his relations with his little daughter, Greg stresses that …
1) she is brighter and more spiritual than his other children.
2) he now has the opportunity to give her enough attention and care.
3) it is quite difficult to raise a child at his age.
7. In his youth, Greg had a dream to …
1) act in westerns.
2) serve in the army.
3) play jazz.
8. What does Greg say about his age?
1) It has no influence on his career.
2) It has affected his strength and energy.
3) It makes him think about stopping work.
9. Which of the following may refer to one of the most important lessons of Greg’s life?
1) Anger helps to achieve a lot in life.
2) Life cannot be always perfect.
3) Plan your life and follow your ambitions.
ШАГ 3 (T28). Прослушаем всё интервью полностью, чтобы ознакомиться с его общим содержанием, затем проработаем каждое из предложенных утверждений. На экзамене вам придется уже при первом прослушивании делать пометки в заданиях, чтобы выполнить их успешно.
ШАГ 4 (Т29). Просмотрим быстро утверждение 3, а затем прослушаем первый фрагмент интервью. Утверждение выглядит следующим образом:
3. Greg believes that his present professional success depends on …
1) rich experience.
2) putting pressure on himself.
3) his happy family life.
Соотнесём его с началом интервью:
Presenter: Hello everybody and welcome to our program “Five minutes with a star”! Today we have a well-known actor Greg Jones. Hello, Greg, so nice to see you today, thanks for coming.
Speaker: Hi, everybody! It’s my pleasure being here with all of you today.
Presenter: So, your acting career is on another high at the moment — to what do you attribute this?
Speaker: I think having a happy home really helps. It took me a long time to achieve that. I used to put a lot of pressure on myself to accomplish things … make money, gain experience… And I wasn’t a proper father and husband when I was younger. I learnt a lot from my failures in the past. Now, with my wife Dina, I’ve been able to realize what really matters and devote myself to her and to raising our daughter Marylyn.
В первом предложении перефразированы данные в тексте слова a happy home в слова happy family life в утверждении. Эта же мысль подкрепляется следующим предложением, в котором говорится, что когда-то говорящий пытался зарабатывать деньги, получить опыт, но это не помогло. Последняя фраза Грега в данном абзаце перекликается с первой фразой о счастливой семейной жизни и свидетельствует также о том, что действительно важно и помогает ему семья — жена и дочь.
ШАГ 5 (Т30). Рассмотрим задание 4.
4. Speaking about his past Greg says that he …
1) never experienced a failure.
2) was too busy achieving his goals.
3) was a good family man.
Задание 4 строится на том же фрагменте интервью, что и задание 3. Обратимся к уже выделенным нами ключевым словам и фразам. Вариант 1 ответа не подходит, так как Грег прямо говорит, что I learnt a lot from ту failures in the past, следовательно, у него в прошлом были неудачи. Третье высказывание также не подходит, так как Грег признаётся: I wasn’t a proper father andhusband when I was younger. Таким образом, в прошлом Грег был плохим мужем. Правильным является вариант 2, что подтверждается фразой I used to put a lot of pressure on myself toaccomplish things … make money, gain experience …
ШАГ 6 (T31). Прослушиваем третий фрагмент диалога. Одновременно с прослушиванием этого фрагмента текста, ещё раз прочитаем вопрос 5.
5. What is said about Dina’s relations with Greg’s children from his previous marriage?
1) She tries to avoid meeting them.
2) She doesn’t know anything about them.
3) She is friendly with them.
Попытаемся найти ответ на поставленный вопрос. Для этого выделим ключевые слова и фразы в данном фрагменте текста.
Presenter: I see. And do you keep in close touch with your older children?
Speaker: Yes. Actually, Dina is the person who brings everyone together. She doesn’t have any resentment about my previous marriage. She got acquainted with my first wife and it’s been really wonderful for me to see her be very open and want everyone to feel appreciated.
Прослушанный текст свидетельствует о том, что первый и второй варианты ответа не соответствуют действительности, так как Грег, отвечая на вопрос ведущего, поддерживает ли он тесные отношения с детьми от первого брака, отвечает положительно, при этом подчёркивая, что именно Дина является связующим звеном: Yes. Actually, Dina is the person who brings everyone together. Вторая фраза подкрепляет первую: She doesn’t have any resentment about my previous marriage, так же, как и слова very open, everyone to feel appreciated. Следовательно, правильный ответ — 3.
ШАГ 7 (Т32). Прослушиваем следующий фрагмент интервью и одновременно просматриваем задание 6.
6. Describing his relations with his little daughter, Greg stresses that …
1) she is brighter and more spiritual than his other children.
2) he now has the opportunity to give her enough attention and care.
3) it is quite difficult to raise a child at his age.
Определим, какое утверждение соответствует тексту. Для этого выделим ключевые слова и фразы в тексте интервью.
Presenter: Is it tough to raise a young daughter in your sixties?
Speaker: Absolutely not! I have more time, I understand more about being a father, and watching her grow up has been one of the greatest pleasures of my life. She’s an amazing girl — very bright, very spirited. It’s the first time that I’ve really been able to be the kind of father that I wanted to be, but because of my career ambitions, I never allowed myself the chance to spend that kind of timewith my older children.
Первый вариант не подходит, так как Грег только говорит о том, что его маленькая дочь очень умна и жизнерадостна: She’s an amazing girl — very bright, very spirited. Он не сравнивает её с другими своими детьми. Третий вариант тоже не подходит, так как отвечая на вопрос ведущего “Is it tough to raise a young daughter in your sixties?”, Грег высказывается очень определённо: Absolutely not! Таким образом, остаётся второй ответ, который является правильным. Проверим себя, так ли это? Фраза I have mоге time, I understand more about being a father, and watching hergrow up has been one of the greatest pleasures of my life свидетельствует о том, что у него теперь больше времени, чтобы уделять внимание дочери и что это доставляет ему самое большое удовольствие. Следовательно, в данном случае правильный ответ — 2.
ШАГ 8 (ТЗЗ). Прослушиваем пятый фрагмент интервью. Перечитаем ещё раз утверждение 7.
7. In his youth, Greg had a dream to …
1) act in westerns.
2) serve in the army.
3) play jazz.
Затем прослушаем пятый фрагмент и выделим в нём ключевые слова и фразы.
Presenter: Speaking about your career, what was your first big ambition?
Speaker: Well, when I was younger I wanted to become a jazz musician, which got somehow sidetracked when I was drafted into the army. After that it took a long time for me to get any good acting roles until I started doing Westerns. It took many years, even after I became quite famous, for me to understand what I really wanted to do.
Попробуем проверить первый вариант. Он нам не подходит, так как в вопросе спрашивается о юности Грега, а сниматься в вестернах он начал значительно позже, после службы в армии, и после этого прошло много времени, что подтверждается фразой I was drafted into the army. After that it took a long time for me to get any good acting roles until I started doing Westerns. Второй вариант также не подходит, так как в тексте говорится, что его призвали в армию, но не сказано, что он желал этого. Третий вариант нам подходит, так как уже в первой фразе Грег отмечает, что when I was younger I wanted to become a jazz musician. Слово younger соотносится со словом youth, а слова jazz musician со словами play jazz.
ШАГ 9 (T34). Прослушиваем следующий фрагмент интервью. Сначала прочитаем ещё раз вопрос 8.
8. What does Greg say about his age?
1) It has no influence on his career.
2) It has affected his strength and energy.
3) It makes him think about stopping work.
Затем прослушаем следующий фрагмент текста и отметим ключевые слова и фразы.
Presenter: That’s interesting. And do you have any thoughts of retiring?
Speaker: Age is just a state of mind and I’m lucky as retirement isn’t enforced on actors and directors. I’d planned on not working after I was 39! But here I am at 69 and enjoying working more today than I have ever done. I think I shall go on while I have all that strength and energy.
Чтобы правильно ответить на вопрос 8, проанализируем варианты ответа и сопоставим их с ключевыми словами и фразами. Анализ первого ответа показывает, что это правильный вариант, хотя мы не находим прямых слов, подтверждающих его. Отсутствуют слова influence, career или их синонимы. Однако об этом говорит смысл всего абзаца. Проверим, подходит ли второй ответ. Фразы Age is just a state of mind, But here I am at 69 and enjoying working more today than I have ever done, свидетельствуют о том, что возраст не повлиял на его силы и энергию. В тексте есть слова strength and energy, но они не относятся к возрасту; наоборот, Грег подчёркивает, что у него есть силы и энергия продолжать свою работу. Данные слова являются дистракторами, т.е. словами, отвлекающими внимание экзаменуемого от правильного ответа. Третий вариант ответа — тоже неправильный, так как возраст не заставляет Грега думать об уходе с работы. Он раньше думал уйти, когда ему исполнится 39 лет, но теперь готов продолжать работу. Об этом свидетельствуют фразы I’m lucky as retirement isn’t enforced on actors, I think I shall go on… Следовательно, правильный ответ — 1.
ШАГ 10 (Т35). Прослушиваем следующий фрагмент интервью. Сначала просмотрим вопрос 9.
9. Which of the following may refer to one of the most important lessons of Greg’s life?
1) Anger helps to achieve a lot in life.
2) Life cannot be always perfect.
3) Plan your life and follow your ambitions.
Прослушаем следующий фрагмент текста и найдём ключевые слова и фразы.
Presenter: Do you feel you’ve learnt any lessons about life that you’d like to share with us?
Speaker: Life rarely goes the way you plan it. There are good things and bad things that happen to you all the time and you have to be able to admit that, deal with it and move on. When I was younger I was angry at the world, always full of ambitions, but now finally I’ve been able to relax.
Presenter: Okay. And my final question. What do you see as your biggest accomplishment?
Speaker: Well … My life now is exactly how I hoped it could be 20 years ago. Lots of things are important — my four children, professional success … But, I’d say, finding a good partner in life is true happiness for me.
Проанализируем текст и выясним, какой вариант ответа ему соответствует. Первый вариант не подходит, так как Грег уточняет, что в молодости он сердился и был полон амбиций, но в конце концов понял, что это не основное в жизни, что подтверждается фразой When I was younger, I was angry at the world, always full of ambitions, but now finally I’ve been able to relax. Третий вариант нас тоже не устраивает, так как уже в первой фразе есть предложение Life rarely goes the way you plan it. Вторая фраза развертывает его тезис, что жизнь нелегка, но нужно двигатьсявперёд: There are good things and bad things that happen to you all the time and you have to be able to admit that, deal with it and move on. Эта же фраза служит ключом к правильному ответу — 2.
ШАГ 11. Проверяем ответы на задания 3—9 и заполняем бланк ответов. Ещё раз читаем выбранные ответы все подряд. Проверяем, нет ли в выбранных ответах нарушений логики, не противоречат ли они друг другу. Проверяем, что они занесены в таблицу ответов разборчиво и чётко. После этого переносим ответы на ВСЕ задания раздела “Аудирование” в бланк ответов.
Типичные ошибки при выполнении заданий 3-9
Экзаменуемые:
• не соотносят ключевые слова в вопросах и в (аудио)текстах;
• выбирают варианты ответов только потому, что эти же слова есть в тексте, и забывают о том, что верный ответ, как правило, перефразирован, то есть опираются в выборе ответа на услышанные слова, а не на понятый смысл высказываний.
Подготовительные упражнения к заданиям 3—9
1. Ответьте на вопросы.
1. Какова цель заданий 3—9?
2. Какие ключевые умения проверяют эти задания?
3. Какой тип заданий используется для них?
4. Какой тип текста используется для них?
5. Сколько баллов можно максимально получить за успешное выполнение заданий 3—9?
2. Определите по ключевым словам, о чём будет идти речь в тексте.
То get one’s pilot’s license, to get interested in, to be fanatical about aircrafts, a discovery flight, to sign up, fifty-five hours of flight, handle the plane, to enjoy the course immensely, to study hard, to keep flying with one’s instructor, to be completely heartbroken, to pass the test.
3. Подчеркните ключевые слова и фразы в следующем фрагменте текста и подберите к ним синонимы или перефразируйте так, чтобы они соответствовали смыслу текста.
Presenter: Welcome to “Amazing people» show. Today we are joined by Mary Jamison who’s been leading a truly adventurous life.
Mary: Hello. It is good to be here, thank you for inviting me.
Presenter: So, Mary, how did you get the idea of cycling to the South Pole?
Mary: I’ve been looking at Antarctica for years, thinking I’d love to ski to the South Pole. I found out that no one had ever cycled there and I wondered if it was possible. I researched the idea, and in March 2012 I cycled across Siberia’s Lake Baikal as a test. I then trained in Norway and Iceland. I think that pedal power is one of the most efficient means of human power, and so I wanted to see if this was true even on snow and ice where historically skis have always been favoured. About six months before I set off, in June 2013, I found out that there were two other cyclists, a guy from Spain and an American man, attempting to do the same thing as me, so I kept my plans very quiet.
4 (Т36). Прочитайте задания, прослушайте фрагмент текста и выберите правильный ответ.
3. Mary cycled to the South Pole because she wanted to …
1) test a special bicycle.
2) prove her own ideas.
3) become the first woman to do it.
Ответ: [ ]
4. Mary cycled across Lake Baikal to …
1) prepare for her big expedition.
2) get to know other cyclists.
3) see the beautiful scenery.
Ответ: [ ]
5 (T37). Прослушайте фрагмент интервью и впишите пропущенные слова/цифры в следующий текст.
Presenter: So, it wasn’t you plan to compete against them, was it?
Mary: Not at all. In fact, they left (1) _____________ or (2) _____________ weeks before me and finished a couple of weeks after me. I was reading their blogs before I left and I could see that they were not having a good time. They went on (3) _____________ mountain bikes with thicker tires.
Presenter: You helped design the (4) _____________ bike you used. Did your background in Math and Science give you an advantage over your competitors?
Mary: I’m good at working out complex problems. I fell off my bike at least 50 times while cycling Lake Baikal because of the extreme wind, so a lot of the bike design came from (5) _____________ I also took a (6) _____________ route than my competitors. I don’t like following others. My route was much steeper but also (7) _____________. Their route was around (8) _____________ km and mine was (9) _____________ km.
6 (T38). Прочитайте задания, прослушайте фрагмент текста и выберите правильный ответ.
1. Mary’s bike design was based on a model …
1) used by other cyclists.
2) from her training expeditions.
3) of a regular mountain bike.
Ответ: [ ]
2. Which of the following helped Mary to beat her competitors?
1) an earlier start.
2) better weather conditions.
3) a shorter route.
Ответ: [ ]
7 (Т39). Прочитайте задания, прослушайте фрагменты текста и выберите правильные ответы.
1. Which of the following does Jim mention about his growing up years?
1) He wanted to write science fiction.
2) He had to stay on a diet.
3) He was interested in nature’s secrets.
Ответ: [ ]
2. Jim decided to work in the film industry because he wanted to …
1) make screen versions of his favourite science fiction stories.
2) have a better chance to express himself.
3) make a lot of money.
Ответ: [ ]
3. Jim’s first computer animated character was an attempt to …
1) create magic through technology.
2) make a revolution in the film industry.
3) animate his childhood paintings.
Ответ: [ ]
4. According to Jim, the use of advanced technology in films …
1) is highly expensive.
2) makes the work of filmmakers much easier.
3) gives the audience a feeling of illusion.
Ответ: [ ]
*8. Составьте утверждение с тремя ответами к следующему фрагменту интервью и выделите правильный ответ.
Presenter: What advice would you give to young film directors?
Jim: I would say, “Don’t put limits on yourself. Other people will do that for you — don’t do it to yourself, don’t bet against yourself, go and take risks. Whatever you’re doing, failure is an option, but fear is not.”
Полезные советы
• Когда вы слушаете тексты на английском языке, не волнуйтесь, если вы не понимаете всех слов.
• Обращайте внимание на слова, которые говорящий выделяет интонацией. Именно они содержат ключевую информацию.
• Прежде чем вы начнете отвечать на вопросы/утверждения тестового задания на множественный выбор, прочитайте их и подчеркните ключевые слова.
• При прослушивании текста ищите эти слова или их синонимы/антонимы, перифраз.
Тренируемся в выполнении заданий 3—9
Вариант 1 (Т40)
Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3—9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
3. What do we learn about Angie’s musical tastes?
1) She loves only classics.
2) She likes few records.
3) She is tired of music.
Ответ: [ ]
4. Angie loves her new house because there she can …
1) live with her family.
2) enjoy the nature.
3) dream better.
Ответ: [ ]
5. What does Angie say about her fame?
1) She’ll accept it if she loses it.
2) She’s used to being a legend.
3) She’s not as famous as before
Ответ: [ ]
6. What is TRUE about Angie’s childhood?
1) She had many conflicts with her father.
2) She heard little about her father.
3) She had three brothers and sisters.
Ответ: [ ]
7. According to Angie, why did she start singing?
1) To be creative.
2) To stop acting.
3) To earn money.
Ответ: [ ]
8. What does Angie think about being described as ‘bossy’?
1) It lets her be like famous directors.
2) Any artistic person is like that.
3) It’s unfair and discriminates women.
Ответ: [ ]
9. Why does Angie think the UK is a good place for women of art?
1) They are better at making films there.
2) You can get paid more money there.
3) There are many influential women there.
Ответ: [ ]
Вариант 2 (T41)
Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3—9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
3. What is TRUE about Thomas Black’s characters?
1) Viewers can easily understand them.
2) They always behave logically.
3) There is a true story behind each of them.
Ответ: [ ]
4. Thomas Black compares writing to having a second life because …
1) you talk and behave like your characters.
2) you become an essential part of the story.
3) you treat your personages as real people.
Ответ: [ ]
5. What is, in Thomas’s opinion, right for a writer?
1) To try to lead your characters.
2) To laugh at your characters.
3) To be fond of your characters.
Ответ: [ ]
6. Why was Thomas’s first job in film industry important for him?
1) He got familiar with film classics.
2) He lost his illusions about cinema.
3) He learned to do boring things well.
Ответ: [ ]
7. What does Thomas say about Hollywood screenplays?
1) He hired an agent to get them on time.
2) He prefers not to read them.
3) He’s been doing them for a year.
Ответ: [ ]
8. What does Thomas think is unique to directing?
1) You enjoy controlling the whole process.
2) You are totally responsible for the outcome.
3) You don’t communicate with many people.
Ответ: [ ]
9. What, in Thomas’s opinion, is NOT an advantage of filming in India?
1) Costs.
2) Staff.
3) Nature.
Ответ: [ ]
Рефлексия
1. Помог ли вам представленный в данной теме материал лучше понять содержание и структуру заданий 3—9 раздела “Аудирование”?
2. Что было легко/трудно в усвоении темы?
3. Что было полезным?
4. Что вы усвоили, чему научились, что сумеете выполнить самостоятельно?
5. Что осталось неясным?
Научились, умеем, усвоили
1. Усвоили алгоритм выполнения заданий 3—9 раздела “Аудирование”.
2. Научились выполнять эти задания.
3. Умеем применять следующие стратегии:
• извлекать из текста полную и точную информацию:
— ключевые слова;
— важные детали;
— аргументы;
— примеры;
• отделять главную информацию от второстепенной;
• игнорировать незнакомые слова;
• игнорировать ненужную информацию.