Henry thompson a writer егэ ответы

Задание 1

Прослушайте 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего 1–6 и утверждениями, данными в списке A–G. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей буквой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

A. I am sure that wise attitude to basic earth supplies is necessary.
B. I find many simple ways to help our planet in everyday life.
C. I am for the use of energy saving practices in house construction.
D. I do not want my family to live in polluted environment.
E. I am afraid of the after-effects of human activities.
F. I would like to see new energy saving laws introduced.
G. I feel unhappy because I can’t change public attitude to our planet.

Задание 2

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

Задания 3-9

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

Задание 10

Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1	Building materials
2	The longest on Earth
3	Safe travel
4	Designing a building
5	Invented by accident
6	Comfortable living
7	How did they do it?
8	Why seasons change

A	Most of Africa’s rural peoples use natural resources that are locally available for their homes. In grasslands, people typically use grass to cover the walls and roofs. In forested areas, they use hardwoods as well as bamboo and raffia palm. Earth and clay are also major resources used in construction. In areas with few natural resources, people often live as nomads, moving from place to place. Instead of making permanent homes, they usually use simple shelters or tents made of animal skins and woven hair.
B	An architect must consider how a structure will be used and by whom. An apartment building, a palace, a hospital, a museum, an airport, and a sports arena all have different construction requirements. Another factor is the ideas the structure should communicate. For example, some buildings are made to impress people with a display of power and wealth; others – to make everyone feel welcome. Other things to consider are the location and surrounding environment, including weather, and the cost of materials.
C	Did you know that an eleven-year-old child first created the Popsicle? The boy’s name was Frank Epperson. In 1905, Frank left a mixture of water and powdered soda out on his porch by mistake. It also contained a stir stick. That night, fortunately for Frank, the temperatures fell to a record low. As a result, he discovered the substance had frozen to the stick, and a frozen fruit flavoured ice treat was created. He decided to call it the epsicle, which was later patented by him and named as Popsicle.
D	As Earth goes around the sun, the North Pole points to the same direction in space. For about six months every year, the North Pole is tilted towards the sun. During this time, the Northern Hemisphere gets more direct sunlight than the Southern Hemisphere and more hours of daylight. During the other six months, the North Pole is tilted away from the sun. When the Northern Hemisphere gets the most sunlight, it experiences spring and summer. At the same time, the Southern Hemisphere gets autumn and winter.
E	In southern Peru, there is an isolated plateau where the wind almost never blows. Here, around the year 400 to 650 AD, the people of the Nazca culture created the famous Nazca lines, by removing the red stones covering the ground so that the white earth beneath was visible. These Nazca lines are actually portraits of animals such as monkeys, birds or fish. It is a mystery how such a primitive civilization could create such artwork with precision when they had no means of viewing their work from the air.
F	Antarctica, which is the southernmost and fifth largest continent, does not have twenty-four-hour periods divided into days and nights. In the South Pole, the sun rises on about September 21 and moves in a circular path until it sets on about March 22. This “day”, or summer, is six months long. During this period, if the weather conditions are good, the sun can be seen twenty-four hours a day. From March 22 until September 21, the South Pole is dark, and Antarctica has its “night”, or winter.
G	Any ship that hits an iceberg can be damaged. The most famous iceberg in history sank the “Titanic”, a ship travelling in the northern Atlantic Ocean, on April 15, 1912. The ship’s side scraped the iceberg, which tore holes in the hull. Within three hours, the ship was at the bottom of the ocean. After the loss of the “Titanic”, several nations worked together to establish the International Ice Patrol. Today the U.S. Coast Guard runs the patrol, which warns ships about icebergs floating in Atlantic shipping routes.

Задание 11

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

Russian souvenirs
Russia is famous for its diversity, as well as its hospitality. The best way to show Russia to someone is to bring home something special. Matryoshka and balalaika are quite stereotypical presents. There are many other goods A_______________________. Woolen shawls have always been popular in Russia because of cold winters. The shawls made in Pavlovsky Posad, B_______________________, are considered to be traditional Russian gift. Woolen shawls and scarves have been made there since 1795. A wide shawl with a beautiful original pattern on it may be used like a blanket. It is nice to cover oneself up with it sitting in the armchair, watching a movie, C_______________________. The Pavlovsky Posad manufacture produces scarves for men as well. They can be bought through the Internet, or in brand stores, D_______________________. Belyovskaya pastila is a souvenir E_______________________. It has been made since the 19th century in the town of Belyov near Tula. This is a very special kind of Russian confection. Though it is called “pastila”, it is not a marshmallow style delicacy. Belyovskaya pastila is made of dried apples. After they have been dried, they are mixed with egg whites and sugar and whipped. Belyovskaya pastila is similar to a cake, F_______________________ of apples. It is considered to be a natural product, and it is not of average price. Tourists can buy this kind of sweet at some confectioner’s shops throughout Moscow.

1. that one may buy in Moscow as a souvenir
2. which are situated in the centre of Moscow
3. that pleases the people with a sweet tooth
4. although it has a slightly sour taste
5. which is a town not very far from Moscow
6. riding a bike around the villages in Russia
7. reading a book, or drinking coffee or tea

Задания 12-18

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

For almost 125 years, the secrecy surrounding the recipe for Coca-Cola has been one of the world’s great marketing tricks. As the story goes, the fizzy drink’s famous ‘7X’ formula has remained unchanged since it was developed in 1886. Today, the recipe is entrusted only to two Coke executives, neither of whom can travel on the same plane for fear the secret would go down with them.

Now, one of America’s most celebrated radio broadcasters claims to have discovered the Coke secret. Ira Glass, presenter of the public radio institution This American Life, says he has tracked down a copy of the recipe, the original of which is still supposedly held in a burglar-proof vault at the Sun Trust Bank in Atlanta, Georgia.

The formula was created by John Pemberton, an Atlanta chemist and former Confederate army officer who crafted cough medicines in his spare time. In 1887, he sold the recipe to a businessman, Asa Griggs, who immediately placed it for safekeeping in the Georgia Trust Bank.

Glass came across a recipe that he believes is the secret formula in a back issue of Pemberton’s local paper, the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, while he was researching an entirely different story. Tucked away on an inside page of the 8 February 1979 edition, he stumbled on an article that claimed to have uncovered the closely guarded 7X formula.

The column was based on information found in an old leather-bound notebook that belonged to Pemberton’s best friend and fellow Atlanta chemist, RR Evans. Glass was intrigued and, after some digging, found that the notebook had been handed down over generations until it reached a chemist in Georgia called Everett Beal, whose widow still possesses it.

The rediscovered recipe includes extract of coca leaves, caffeine, plenty of sugar (it specifies 30 unidentified units thought to be pounds), lime juice, vanilla and caramel. Into that syrup, the all-important 7X ingredients are added: alcohol and six oils – orange, lemon, nutmeg, coriander, neroli and cinnamon. The formula is very similar to the recipe worked out by Mark Pendergrast who wrote a history of the drink in 1993 called For God, Country & Coca-Cola.

Coke’s secret recipe is, in fact, partly a myth. The soda has changed substantially over time. Cocaine, a legal stimulant in Pemberton’s day, was removed from the drink in 1904 after mounting public unease about the drug. Extract of coca leaves is still used but only after the cocaine has been removed.

In 1980, the company replaced sugar, squeezed from beet and cane, with the cheaper corn sweetener that is often found in American food and drink. Coke fans were not impressed.

Despite such occasional controversies, one element has remained constant: Coke’s commitment to keeping its own secret. Speculation about the recipe has been a popular talking point for more than a century, proving good for business. The company has reacted to the This American Life story in a way that has been typical of its commercial strategy since the 19^th century. “Many third parties have tried to crack our secret formula. Try as they might, they’ve been unsuccessful,” Coca-Cola’s Kerry Tressler said.

Задания 19-25

Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19–25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–25.

Задания 26-31

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26–31, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26–31.

Задания 32-38

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32–38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32–38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Henry Thompson, a writer, built a hut on the shore of the pond and lived there all alone for two years. He did this for two reasons: because he wanted to 32_______________ that people spend too much time and money on food and clothes and because he wanted a perfectly quiet chance to write more books. 33______________ to the writer, he spent only one hundred dollars a year while he lived in this hut. He raised beans on his land, ate wild berries, caught fish and “went visiting” his friends and neighbours now and then. To buy his woodsman’s clothes and a few necessities, he planted gardens, painted houses, and cut wood for his friends. This period influenced Henry’s creative work a lot. He wrote a book called “The Wood” which 34_______________ us all about these seven or eight hundred days he lived in his hut. Several other books also describe the time when he 35_________________ to live all by himself. These sold very well. In all of them Henry was boasting that he had found the only sensible way to live. “I am for simple living, and I 36______________ being alone!” he would declare in his books. He 37___________ you feel, when you read his books, that it is fine to walk around the fields, sniffing the wild grape and the green grass, and that no one can find pleasure like the man who rows, and skates, and swims. 38_____________, people passing by the pond used to hear him whistling old ballads, or playing very softly and beautifully on a flute, and they thought he sounded lonely and sad.

При выполнении заданий 32-38 вам поможет:

Методичка “Фразовые глаголы”

Задание 39

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Peter who writes:

…Reading books is my favourite pastime. Is reading important to you? Why? How do you like to spend your leisure time? What is your parents’ attitude to your hobbies and interests?
Yesterday was my father’s birthday…

Write a letter to Peter.
In your letter:
− answer his questions;
− ask 3 questions about his father’s birthday.
Write 100–140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.

Как написать личное письмо на ЕГЭ по английскому языку

Задание 40

Выберите только ОДНО из двух предложенных высказываний (40.1 или 40.2), укажите его номер в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ № 2 и выразите своё мнение
по предложенной проблеме согласно данному плану.

Comment on one of the following statements.

40.1 Education is the most valuable thing for a teenager.

40.2 Robots will soon replace people in all jobs.

What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200–250 words.

Use the following plan:
– make an introduction (state the problem paraphrasing the given
statement);
– express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion;
– express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing
opinion;
– explain why you do not agree with the opposing opinion;
– make a conclusion restating your position.

Вам помогут:

Методичка: “Примерные темы и аргументы для эссе (с лексикой)”

Курс эссе

Удачи на экзамене!

Чикишева Ольга Александровна

МОУ СОШ им. К. Н. Новикова

Учитель английского языка

Данный материал предназначен для проведения промежуточного контроля навыков чтения с пониманием основного содержания текста в формате заданий ЕГЭ.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 1-7. В каждом задании обведите букву А, B,C или D, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

A CHRISTMAS STORY

Years ago, there was a very rich man whose main interest in life was art collecting. He was a widower and he had an only child, a son, who from an early age shared his father’s passion. Together they travelled around the world, buying the finest pictures for their collection. Priceless works by old masters as well as pictures by Picasso. Van Gogh and Monci adorned the walls of their house.

The old man looked on with satisfaction as his son became an experienced art collector. The young man had a trained eye and sharp business mind and his father beamed with pride as they dealt with art collectors around the world.

War put an end to their travels. As winter approached, the young man left to serve his country. After only a few short weeks, his father received a telegram. His beloved son was missing in action.

The art collector anxiously awaited more news, fearing he would never see his son again Within days, his fears were confirmed. The young man had died while taking a fellow soldier to hospital.

Miserable and lonely, the old man thought about the upcoming Christmas holidays with pain and sadness. The joy of the season -a season that he and his son had so looked forward to -would visit his house no longer.

On Christmas morning, a knock on the door awakened the depressed old man. As he walked to the door, the masterpieces of art on the walls only reminded him that his son was not coming home.

As he opened the door, he saw a young soldier with a large package in his hand. The soldier introduced himself to the man by saying. «I was a friend of your son. I was the one he was rescuing when he died. May I come in for a few moments? I have something to show you «.

The soldier told the old man how his son had saved his life and how everyone in the regiment loved and respected him.

«I’m an artist,» said the soldier,» and I want to give you this.» He handed the package to the old man. The old man unwrapped the package and saw that it was a picture -a portrait of his son.

The old man knew enough about art to understand that the picture would never be called the work of a genius, but it was his son’s face, his features, his expression.. The likeness was striking. Overcome with emotion, the man thanked the soldier.

A few hours later, after the soldier had left, the old man poured himself a glass of whisky, sat in his armchair and spent the Christmas night looking at the gift he had received.

During the days and weeks that followed, the man realized that even though his son was no longer with him, the boy’s life would go on because of those who remembered him. He soon learnt that his son had rescued dozens of wounded soldiers before a bullet stilled his caring heart. As the stories of his son’s gallantry continued to reach him, fatherly pride and satisfaction began to ease the grief.

1.The old collector’s son became an experienced art collector because

1)he travelled a lot.

2)he shared his father’s passion to art collecting from his childhood.

3)he bought the finest pictures for the collection.

4)his father was a rich man.

2. They stopped travelling because of

1)a financial crisis.

2) the son’s service in the army.

3) the war.

4) the received telegram.

3. The young man died

1) listening to the bad news.

2) trying to save a soldier.

3) being miserable and lonely.

4) looking forward to the upcoming Christmas.

4. The art collector was unhappy on Christmas morning because

1) he was full of fears.

2) there were few masterpieces in his collection.

3) one of his friends knocked on the door.

4) the holiday would never be merry again.

5. A young soldier brought the art collector

1) a gift from his friend.

2) a message from his son.

3) whisky.

4) a portrait of his son .

6. The old man understood it was not the work of a genius because

1) he was an artist.

2) he knew a lot about art.

3) he was an experienced stamp collector.

4) he had priceless works by old masters.

7.The art collector was proud of his son because

1) theboy had a lot of friends.

2)he was a real genius.

3) he was brave and had a caring heart.

4) the stories of his son’s gallantry continued to reach him.

The key: 2324423

Прочитайтетекст и выполнитезадания 1-7. В каждом задании обведите букву А, B,Cили D, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

THE GIRL ON THE MOTORBIKE

In the early hours of November the 1-st, 1999, a motorbike was speeding along the A20 in Kent. The night was dark and there was very little traffic on the road. Clivc Taylor was in a hurry to get home. He had been to a party and left London later than he had expected.

As he approached Wrotham Hill, he glanced at his watch. Exactly two o’clock. He changed gear and sped up the hill A minute later he reached the top of the hill. It was a dangerous place for accidents. But with so little traffic on the road, Clive didn’t slow down.

Suddenly, he saw a girl She was standing in the middle of the road. Clive had to swerve to avoid knocking her down. But she didn’t move. When he had stopped, the girl calmly walked up to him and asked him if he could give her a lift. He asked her what she was doing in such a lonely spot. She said that there had been an accident. Clive looked around, but he couldn’t see a car or any other people. He asked the girl what had happened, but she didn’t reply.

Clive told her to get on the motorbike and to hold tight. As the girl climbed on, Clive suddenly felt very cold, but he noticed that she was only wearing a light dress. She looked as if she were on her way to a party.

They rode on down the hill and Clive talked to the girl over his shoulder. He asked her what her name was and where she lived. But she didn’t reply. At one point Clive thought that she shouted something, but he couldn’t hear very well over the noise of the motorbike’s engine.

At the bottom of the hill there was a telephone box. Clive pulled off the road and stopped.

But when he turned round, he froze in horror. The girl wasn’t there. He called out, but there was no sign of her.

Then Clive remembered the shout that he had heard. Had the girl fallen off the motorbike? In cold sweat, he rode back up to the spot where he had first seen the girl. But he couldn’t see her. He rode down the hill again as slowly as he could. There was no sign of her. She had simply disappeared.

By this time, Clive was desperate. He rode as fast as he could to the nearest town and found the police station. He told the sergeant in charge what had happened. The sergeant asked him to describe the girl. When he had finished, the sergeant told him to sit down and asked him if he wanted a cup of tea. To his surprise, the sergeant didn’t seem very worried.

Then the sergeant told Clive that ten years before, there had been an accident on Wrotham Hill. A girl and her boyfriend had been on their way back from a party, when she had fallen off the motorbike and been killed. Since that time several motorcyclists had seen the girl. The accident had happened at exactly five past two.

1. Clive Taylor was in a hurry because

1) he was late for the party.

2) it was getting dark.

3) he wanted to come home as soon as possible.

4) he had to be in London in the early hours of the morning.

2. The top of the hill was a dangerous place so

1) there were a lot of accidents there.

2) the traffic was heavy that morning.

3) it was difficult for Clive to reach it.

4) Clive stopped speeding up.

3. The girl standing in the middle of the road

1) had a warm jacket on.

2) was furious.

3) told Clive a lot about the accident.

4) asked Clive to pick her up.

4. When Clive talked to the girl

1) she laughed.

2) she cried bitterly.

3) she kept silence.

4) she got off the motorbike.

5. Turning round Clive froze in horror because

1) the girl turned into a monster.

2) the girl wasn’t behind him.

3) the girl was badly wounded.

4) the car behind him had turned upside down.

6. The sergeant did not seem very worried because

1) Clive wasn’t the only motorcyclist who had seen the girl.

2) he had never heard about the girl.

3) he was glad to listen to Clive’s story.

4) he was ready to go to the nearest town.

7. The sergeant told Clive that 10 years before

1) some parents had driving back home from a party.

2) the girl had seen several motorcyclists.

3) there had been a traffic jam on Wrotham Hill.

4) an accident had happened at 2.05 am

The key: 3143224

«It wasn’t me. I look like a lot of guys. I have never been near the dentist’s office. I bet he has never seen me, so what can you prove?» Burton asked. But Bob Kim interrupted him. You’ve told us enough to send you back to prison for a long time,» he said.

1.Dr Robbins

1) was born in New York.

2) saw the criminal in his office.

3) heard the sound of two shorts.

4) was taken to the nearest hospital.

2.Dr Robbins couldn’t see the criminal because

1) he had an alibi.

2) he was standing with his back to the door.

3) an ambulance had taken him to the nearest hospital.

4) he was sleeping at that moment.

3. The suspect was a man who

1) was taken to the fiftieth floor.

2 told his friend about the case.

3) met the elevator boy after the shooting.

4) looked like a known criminal.

4. John Burton was picked up at his housebecause

1) Bob Kim wanted to see him.

2) he fitted the elevator boy’s description of the man.

3) he had to talk to the suspect.

4) he had been seen a few minutes after the shooting.

5. To find a killer

1) it took the inspector and his friends not more than two hours.

2) the policemen came to the hospital.

3) Bob Kim talked to Dr. Robbins ‘s patient about the case.

4) the elevator boy was present at the interrogation.

6. John Burton looked angry because

1) he seemed not to understand what he was doing at the inspector’s office.

2) he hadn’t been present at the interrogation.

3) the police didn’t suspect anybody.

4) he had overslept.

7. Burton revealed himself saying

1) he looked like a lot of guys.

2) he had never been near the dentist’s office.

3) Dr.Robbins had never seen him.

4) he had sleeping all that morning.

The key: 3242112

Джалолова Светлана Анатольевна, учитель английского языка Высшей квалификационной категории. Победитель конкурсного отбора на соискание Гранта Москвы в сфере образования 2010г. Старший эксперт ГИА ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Победитель Всероссийской Олимпиады учителей английского языка «Профи-край» 2015 год. Почетная грамота Министерства образования РФ 2014 г., Грамота победителя конкурса лучших учителей РФ 2007г., Диплом победителя конкурса на соискание Гранта Москвы 2010 г.. Стаж работы — 23 года.

Недашковская Наталья Михайловна, Учитель английского языка Высшей квалификационной категории. Победитель ПНПО 2007 г. Победитель конкурсного отбора на соискание Гранта Москвы в сфере образования 2010г. Эксперт ГИА ОГЭ по английскому языку. Проводила педагогическую экспертизу учебных изданий при РАО 2015-2016. Почетная грамота Министерства образования РФ 2013 г., Грамота победителя конкурса лучших учителей РФ 2007г., Диплом победителя конкурса на соискание Гранта Москвы 2010 г. Стаж работы — 35 лет.

Подвигина Марина Михайловна, Учитель английского языка Высшей квалификационной категории. Победитель ПНПО 2008 г. Победитель конкурсного отбора на соискание Гранта Москвы в сфере образования 2010г. Старший эксперт ГИА ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Проводила педагогическую экспертизу учебных изданий при РАО 2015-2016. Почетная грамота Министерства образования РФ 2015 г., Грамота победителя конкурса лучших учителей РФ 2008г., Диплом победителя конкурса на соискание Гранта Москвы 2010 г. Стаж работы — 23 года.
Трофимова Елена Анатольевна, Учитель английского языка Высшей квалификационной категории. Старший эксперт ГИА ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Почетная грамота Министерства образования РФ 2013 г. Стаж работы — 15 лет.

---

Читайте также:
ЕГЭ по английскому языку: раздел «Аудирование»
ЕГЭ по английскому языку: раздел «Грамматика»
ЕГЭ по английскому языку: раздел «Письмо»
ЕГЭ по английскому языку: устная часть

---

Раздел 2 «Чтение» включает в себя 3 задания

Задания данного раздела проверяют понимание основного содержания текста, понимание структурно-смысловых связей в тексте, полное и точное понимание информации в тексте. Рекомендуемое время выполнения данного раздела — 30 минут. Максимальный результат — 20 баллов.

1. Задание под номером 10, за которое дается максимальное количество баллов — 7, сформулировано следующим образом:

Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

Даются 8 заголовков и 7 текстов. Под установлением соответствий подразумевается подбор подходящих заголовков к каждому тексту. Это задание проверяет умение понимать основную идею (содержание) каждого текста, отделять главное от второстепенного, игнорировать избыточную информацию и незнакомые слова, не мешающие пониманию основного содержания.

Для успешного выполнения задания предлагаем вам следующим алгоритм действия:

1. Прочитайте заголовки (темы или краткие утверждения) и определите: что в них общего и чем они отличаются друг от друга: проблемой, отношением к проблеме и т.д.
2. В процессе ознакомления с заголовками целесообразно подчеркнуть в них ключевые слова или сделать другие пометки.
3. Глядя на заголовки, попытайтесь предугадать основное содержание текста, подобрать слова/словосочетания, которые необходимы для раскрытия данной темы/ проблемы/ ситуации.
4. Просмотрите каждый текст, игнорируя незнакомые слова и выражения, с тем, чтобы понять его основную идею.
5. По мере прочтения каждого текста отмечайте все возможные варианты ответа рядом с текстом, помечая заголовок в списке как использованный. (Не забывайте, что на бланках КИМ разрешается делать любые пометки.)
6. При возникших затруднениях с определением соответствия текста заголовку (теме, краткому утверждению), прочтите текст еще раз и попытайтесь сформулировать его основную идею самостоятельно, затем выберите наиболее близкий вариант по содержанию из оставшихся и отметьте его.
7. Если текст кажется совсем непонятным, отложите его. Подобрав заголовки к другим текстам и действуя методом исключения, у вас останется два заголовка и один текст — шансов даже просто угадать уже гораздо больше.
8. Вернитесь к тем текстам, где изначально были выбраны несколько возможных соответствий.
9. Продумайте и обоснуйте самому себе выбор того или иного соответствия с опорой на текст.
10. Проверьте правильность других выбранных соответствий. Убедитесь, что вы не использовали одну и ту же букву дважды.
11. Удостоверьтесь, что оставшийся заголовок не подходит ни к одному тексту.
12. Запишите окончательный вариант ответа в таблицу после задания.

Давайте проверим, насколько наша тактика работает на примере. Даны следующие заголовки для соотнесения с текстами: 

1.     A shop that inspired writers	5.     Birth of a popular sport
2.     Country’s brave defenders	6.     Textile business links
3.     A truly international place	7.     A nice-sounding building
4.     Governesses of rich children	8.     The initial steps of commerce

 Выделяем ключевые слова в каждом из них:

1.     A shop that inspired writers	5.     Birth of a popular sport
2.     Country’s brave defenders	6.     Textile business links
3.     A truly international place	7.     A nice-sounding building
4.     Governesses of rich children	8.     The initial steps of commerce

Читаем тексты и определяем основную мысль каждого из них. Выделяем ключевые слова и выражения в заголовках. Соотносим заголовки с текстами, находя синонимичные слова и фразы в тексте и заголовках:

A. Moscow has always been a multicultural city. If we look back at its history, we will see that there were several foreign communities living in Moscow on a permanent basis. We all know about German people inhabiting the banks of the Yauza river, where little Peter, the future tsar of all Russia, ran around, made friends and got his first ideas of learning about ships and fleets. But what do we know about the British community of Moscow? Did it even exist?

(Ответ 3: — multicultural city — 3. A truly international place)

B. The first ties between Russia and Britain were formed in the middle of the 16th century in the time of Ivan the Terrible. It was then that some wealthy British merchants founded the Muscovy Company which held a monopoly on trade between Britain and Russia until 1698. The building of its Moscow headquarters was granted to the company by the tsar in 1556 and can be still visited at 4, Varvarka Street, known to us now as The Old English Court.

(Ответ 8: — first ties — 8. The initial steps of commerce. Возможен также вариант 4 — 4.Textile business links. Оставляем оба до конца работы с текстом.)

С. Beginning from the time of Peter the Great, several talented British military men moved to Russia. Many of them served as army generals and navy admirals, defending Russian borders in different wars and battles. Among the most famous ones were Field Marshall James Bruce, Field Marshall Barclay de Tolly and Admiral Thomas Mackenzie, all of them of Scottish origin.

(Ответ 2 — defending Russian borders in different wars and battles — 2.Country’s brave defenders)

D. In the 18th century, British industrialists made themselves known in Russia. One of the most outstanding figures was Robert McGill, who lived in Moscow and served as an intermediary between Lancashire mill engineers and the Russian cotton industry, and built over 150 mills (cotton factories) in Russia. Robert McGill had a house in Spiridonovka Street and together with his wife Jane was a prominent member of the British community in Moscow.

(Ответ 6 — intermediary between Lancashire mill engineers and the Russian cotton industry — Textile business links, т.е. вариант уходит из текста В, поскольку в том тексте нет информации о текстиле, а в этом говорится о хлопке)

E. If you talk to Moscow concert musicians who were active between the 1960s and the 1990s, they will tell you of the fantastic acoustics of the “Melodiya” recording studio at 8, Voznesensky Lane, which they lovingly called ‘kirche’, mistakenly thinking it was a German church. This building, designed in the English neo-gothic architectural style, was in fact built in 1885 by Robert McGill and is St. Andrew’s Anglican Church, which was used as a recording studio in Soviet times.

(Ответ 7 — fantastic acoustics — 7. A nice-sounding building)

F. Another spectacular example of British architecture in Moscow is the old building of TsUM next to the Bolshoy and Maly theatres. Built in the early 1900s, it was back then the biggest department store in Moscow. It was owned by Scottish merchants Andrew Muir and Archie Mirrielees. Mayakovsky mentions Muir&Mirrielees in several of his poems, while Chekhov named his dogs after its two owners.

(Ответ 1 — department store — 1. A shop that inspired writers)

G. In 1887, two other cotton industrialists from Lancashire, Clement and Harry Charnock, moved to work at a cotton factory in Orekhovo-Zuevo, near Moscow. They were both great football fans and decided to introduce this game to the workers of the factory. This resulted in the first professional football team in Russia which after the Revolution became the core of Moscow Dynamo team.

(Ответ 5 — the first professional football team — 5. Birth of a popular sport)

Лишний заголовок — 7. Governesses of rich children. Действительно, нет ни одного текста с информацией о гувернантках и богатых детях.

Заносим варианты в таблицу:

Текст	A	B	C	D	E	F	G
Заголовок	3	8	2	6	7	1	5

---

Перейти в каталог продукции по английскому языку

---

2. Задание под номером 11 повышенного уровня, за которое дается максимальное количество баллов — 6, сформулировано следующим образом:

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

Предлагается текст (газетная или журнальная статья) с шестью пропусками, обозначенными буквами (A-F), и семь фрагментов предложений для заполнения пропусков, обозначенных цифрами (1-7). Один фрагмент предложения — лишний. Надо установить соответствие между частью текста и пропущенным фрагментом предложения. Это задание проверяет понимание структурно-смысловых связей текста.

Для правильного выполнения задания следует:

1. Просмотреть весь текст (без выделенных фрагментов), определить его тему и основное содержание, не обращая внимания на незнакомые слова и выражения.

Surviving in a Desert
A desert is defined as a place that gets less than 250 mm of rain each year. It differs sharply from the climate of a rain forest, A _________________. Arid desert lands cover about one third of the earth’s surface. Most deserts are covered with sand, B __________________. There are also usually a lot of rocky areas. This combination of sand and rock means that the soil is not very fertile. C ___________________, some living things are able to do well in this setting. Many plants have changed and developed in ways D ________________. These changes have become apparent in a number of ways. Some plants are able to grow very quickly E ______________. They turn green and produce flowers within just a few days. Other desert plants simply stop growing in very dry weather. They appear to be dead, but when the rain returns, they come back to life and begin growing again. Desert animals have also developed many characteristics that help them to survive in arid environment. Camels can go for a very long time without drinking. Other animals, such as snakes and rats, find cool places to sleep during the day and come out only at night. The extremely long ears of desert rabbits help them F ________________. Changes like these have allowed some animals and plants to grow and develop successfully in a very challenging ecological system: the desert. There are countless books in the world, and whoever you are, whatever you’re feeling, there is definitely a book out there, just waiting for you to discover it.

2. Обратить внимание на пропуски в тексте и попытаться предугадать пропущенную информацию. Например, в приведенном выше тексте, пропусках А и В вероятно изъяты придаточные определительные предложения, начинающиеся со слова which.

3. Прочитать выделенные фрагменты и определить структурные особенности начала фрагмента (с точки зрения использования грамматических и лексических норм сочетаемости), если таковые имеются.

1) which is often in the form of hills called sand dunes
2) whenever it rains
3) to find water as far as 25 metres away
4) which can receive up to 10,000 mm of rain annually
5) to better distribute their body heat and stay cool
6) even though the desert environment is very dry and hot
7) that help them to live in the desert

Например, информация пункта 6 обычно занимает место в начале предложения и выделяется запятой, в тексте этому требованию соответствует пропуск С. Фрагменты пунктов 1 и 4 грамматически подходят к буквам  А и В.

4. Читать текст последовательно, обращая особое внимание не только на пунктуацию, но и на последнее слово или выражение перед каждым пропуском. Если это слово или выражение требует определенного согласования или управления (использование герундия, инфинитива, предлога, союза и т.д.), надо искать соответствующее начало в выделенном фрагменте. Например, глагол help, предшествующий пропуску F, используется с инфинитивом, с которого начинаются фрагменты 3 и 5. 
5. Если одна и та же грамматическая структура используется в начале нескольких выделенных фрагментов, необходимо учитывать смысловое содержание предложения с пропуском, а также предыдущих и последующих предложений. В случае с пропуском F речь идет о пустынных зайцах, следовательно, пункт 5 больше подходит, так как в нем присутствует информация о теле, что больше подходит к животным.
6. По ходу чтения отмечать все возможные варианты соответствий, указывая нужные буквы рядом с цифрой пропуска или нужные цифры рядом с буквами, обозначающими выделенные фрагменты,
7. Делать нужные исправления по ходу чтения, исключая уже использованные варианты.
8. Если остаются пропуски с двумя вариантами соответствий, следует обратить внимание на грамматические и лексические нормы сочетаемости и содержание текста.
9. Проверить правильность других выбранных соответствий.
10. Прочитать полученный текст с точки зрения смысла, логики и грамматики.
11. Записать окончательный вариант ответа в таблицу после задания.
12. Определить, насколько лишний фрагмент не подходит ко всем пропускам.

Проверим правильность нашей тактики на тексте. Внимательно читаем все предложение в тексте, где содержится первый пропуск. Определяем, что не хватает придаточного предложения, начинающегося со слова which. Из вариантов 1 и 4 выбираем 4 пропуск, так как предыдущая информация посвящена количеству дождя.

It differs sharply from the climate of a rain forest, A _4 ( which can receive up to 10,000 mm of rain annually).

Пропуск В также сочетается с придаточным определительным предложением, но здесь речь идет о песке, т.е. подходит вариант 1

Most deserts are covered with sand, B _1 (which is often in the form of hills called sand dunes).

Как мы уже отмечали ранее, пропуску С соответствует пункт 6 по месту в предложении и наличию запятой. Проверяем по смыслу, подходит.

This combination of sand and rock means that the soil is not very fertile. C _6 (even though the desert environment is very dry and hot, some living things are able to do well in this setting).

В пропуске D также должно быть определительное придаточное предложение, отсутствие запятой дает нам возможность выбрать пункт 7, так как по правилу ограничительных и распространительных определительных предложений that используется только в  ограничительных предложений, не выделяемых запятой.

Many plants have changed and developed in ways D _7 (that help them to live in the desert).

В предложении с пропуском Е отсутствует информация либо об образе действия, либо о цели, либо о причине, т.е. подходит пункт 2.

Some plants are able to grow very quickly E _2 (whenever it rains).

Для пропуска F, как говорилось выше, соответствует пункт 5 по смыслу и с точки зрения грамматических связей.

The extremely long ears of desert rabbits help them F_5 (to better distribute their body heat and stay cool). 

Прочитываем восполненный текст, проверяем смысловые, логические и грамматические связи и заносим ответы в таблицу.

Ответ:    

---

Перейти в каталог продукции по английскому языку

---

3. Задание под номерами 12-18, за которое дается максимальное количество баллов — 7 (по 1 баллу за каждый правильный ответ), сформулировано следующим образом:

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

В третьем задании (А12-А18) части раздела чтения предлагаются семь тестовых заданий с четырьмя вариантами ответов (1-4), из которых только один является правильным. Как правило, это либо начало предложения, к которому предлагается четыре возможных варианта окончания, либо вопрос, к которому дается четыре варианта ответа. Это задание проверяет умение полностью понять содержание прочитанного, умение определять логические связи в предложении и между частями текста; умение делать выводы из прочитанного («читать между строк»), а также умение догадаться о значение слова (выражения) по контексту.

Чтобы правильно выполнить задание, рекомендуется:

1. Быстро прочитать весь текст, не углубляясь в подробности для понимания общего содержания и основных событий рассказа.
2. При выполнении каждого задания внимательно перечитывайте только ту часть, где должен быть ответ. Выполняйте задание последовательно. Помните, что последовательность тестовых вопросов связана с последовательностью развития сюжета текста.
3. Прочитайте первый вопрос, подчеркните ключевые слова и найдите тот фрагмент текста, где должен быть ответ. Этим фрагментом может быть одно слово, выражение, целое предложение или абзац.
4. Выберите правильный ответ, обязательно найдя и подчеркнув то место в тексте, которое подтверждает ответ.
5. Не пытайтесь найти точно такие же слова и выражения, которые содержатся в вопросе, в самом тексте. Вам нужно найти синонимичные способы выражения одной и той же мысли.
6. Если не получается определить правильный ответ, действуйте методом исключения.
7. Если не можете осознанно выбрать ни один из предложенных вариантов, не понимаете сути вопроса, выбирайте ответ интуитивно, не оставляйте задание без ответа.
8. Таким же образом работайте со всеми остальными вопросами.

Например, дан текст:

Doctor Who
Doctor Who is a British science-fiction TV series that follows the adventures of a time-traveling alien, called the Doctor, and his human companion, as they travel through time and space in a spaceship, called the TARDIS (Time and Relative Dimension in Space), and courageously save the world time and time again. Doctor Who first aired on BBC on 23 November, 1963 and was one of the first science-fiction stories to appear on screen: 3 years before Star Trek and 14 years before the Star Wars franchise. In 1989, due to falling popularity, the show was suspended. But 16 years later, in 2005, it was brought back to the screen with a whole new cast of actors and has been ongoing ever since. It is considered to be the longest running sci-fi show in the world, having celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2013. But how has Doctor Who managed to survive for this long? What sets it apart from other amazing shows that are now over? What makes Doctor Who really unique, is that it does not have to rely on any particular actor to continue. When the Doctor is close to death, he is able to start a biological process within himself, called regeneration, that changes every single cell in his body, while still leaving his mind intact. Essentially, he becomes a different person: new looks, new personality, new everything. But one thing that never changes is his genius, and his sense of humor. This means, that every four years or so, when the actors playing the Doctor decide to move on to different projects and leave the show, the producers can find a new actor to take on the iconic role. So far twelve actors have played the Doctor. Another reason the show has been running for so long is that there is no main storyline, it is very much episodic, each episode telling a story of a separate adventure. So as long as the writers of the show keep coming up with new planets for the Doctor and his companion to visit, and new alien villains for them to defeat, the show can continue forever. Doctor Who has an unbelievably huge fan base all over the world, so big in fact, that the 50th anniversary episode aired in 94 countries simultaneously, earning it a Guinness World Record. There is also a large amount of music, inspired by Doctor Who, and since the series’s renewal, a music genre called Trock (Time Lord Rock) has appeared. The most famous Trock band is Chameleon Circuit. They produce music exclusively about Doctor Who, and so far have released two albums. Soon after Doctor Who’s appearance in 1963, novels surrounding the series started to appear. The first ever novelization came out on 12 November, 1964, almost exactly a year after the first episode came out. Since then over 150 novelizations and 200 spin-off books have been published, including some written by Neil Gaiman. Doctor Who has been an important part of popular culture for over half a century now. The show is limitless, filled with possibility: you can go to Victorian London, or to Pompeii, or to the 51st century. It can be any genre: comedy, horror, fantasy, drama, sometimes all of them at the same time. It’s clever, and funny, and sad, and makes you think. The plots are well written, and sometimes you feel like you’re twisting your brain into a knot, trying to figure out the paradoxes. But most importantly it’s kind-hearted and beautiful. No doubt Doctor Who will remain a fan-favorite for many years to come.

12. The first Star Wars movie came out in

1) 1963
2) 1966
3) 1977
4) 1989.

Обращаем внимание, что вопрос не о сериале “Doctor Who”, а о фильме “Star Wars”, находим во 2 абзаце информацию, производим необходимые расчеты и получаем год — 1977, т.е. правильный ответ — 3.

13. Which of the following is NOT the reason why Doctor Who has been around for so long?

1) It is easy to change the actors playing the main character
2) The TV series is extremely popular all over the world
3) Separate episodes and seasons are not connected by plot
4) The writers of Doctor Who keep writing new stories.

Первые три пункта представлены в тексте как причины долгой жизни сериала, последний, четвертый, вариант является не причиной, а следствием, результатом. Т.е. выбираем правильный ответ — 4.

14. Which of the following words does NOT apply to the Doctor as a character?

1) clever
2) human
3) funny
4) brave

При описании персонажа находим в тексте характеристики: genius, sense of humor, которые синонимичны словам 1) clever, 3) funny. А то, что главный герой борется со злодеями, свидетельствует о том, что он смелый — 4) brave. Остается правильный ответ — 2) human.

15. Which word is closest in meaning to the word ‘iconic’ at the end of the third paragraph?

1) difficult
2) famous
3) religious
4) desirable

Слово ‘iconic’ имеет смысл культовый, иконный. В соответствии с общим смыслом абзаца, речь не идет о религиозном смысле слова, остается культовый, или знаменитый, поэтому ответ — 2) famous.

16. Which of the following statements is true?

1) Trock is a music genre that first appeared in the middle of the 1960s
2) Chameleon Circuit rock group writes music for the Doctor Who TV series
3) Both albums of Chameleon Circuit are centered around Doctor Who
4) The music genre that is used in the Doctor Who TV series is called Trock.

В тексте дана информация о группе “Chameleon Circuit”.

They produce music exclusively about Doctor Who, and so far have released two albums.

Правильный ответ — 3.

Проверяем, почему не подходят остальные варианты. В первом — неправильная дата. Во втором сказано, что музыка пишется ДЛЯ сериала, а в тексте говорится о том, что она пишется О главном герое. В четвертом пункте говорится, что в сериале используется жанр музыки Trock, а, согласно тексту, этот жанр возник под влиянием самого сериала, то есть нарушена причинно-следственная связь.

17. In the 6th paragraph the author implies that

1) the Doctor Who TV series inspired writers to create novels about the Doctor
2) every Doctor Who episode later gets published in the format of a book
3) Neil Gaiman has written some episodes for the Doctor Who TV series
4) Doctor Who is based on more than 150 books by different authors.

Слова surrounding, spin-off имеющие значение сопутствующий, дополнительный, побочный, а также даты  говорят о книгах, появившихся после сериала, поэтому правильный ответ – 1.

Ответ 2 не подходит, поскольку в тексте нет информации о том, что каждая серия потом описывается в книге. Ответ 3 не подходит, так как из текста следует, что он не писал сценарий для сериала, а его книги были написаны по мотивам сериала. Ответ 4 неверен, так как цифра 150 относится к количеству книг, написанных по мотивам сериала. Это, так называемые, distractors (отвлекающие факторы).

18. Which choice is closest in meaning to the phrase ‘you feel like you are twisting your brain into a knot’ in the last paragraph?

1) You are trying very hard to solve a problem
2) You come to a dead-end while solving a problem
3) You give your brain some good training
4) You are using intuition rather than your brain.

Правильный ответ — 1, так как во втором пункте “come to a dead-end” имеет отрицательную коннотацию — зайти в тупик, третий говорит о тренировке ума, а не о решении проблемы, четвертый пункт ставит во главу угла интуицию, а не мыслительную деятельность.

1. Задание 1

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды.

1.   Before such tours you should learn how to move and breathe in rapid water.

2.   This company ignores tourists’ safety.

3.   Rafting can be life-threatening.

4.   This kind of tour is for strong and fit people.

5.   Professional staff make these difficult tours fun.

6.   If you secure your life jacket properly, you’ll come home safely.

7.   Team spirit and optimism are important in such tours.

Говорящий	A	B	C	D	E	F
Утверждение

2. Задание 2 

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

A)  Every year Betsy spends the New Year abroad.

B)  Betsy thinks that the trip was not worth the money.

C)  There is an active volcano on the island.

D)  Betsy led an active life on the island.

E)  The zoo had more than a hundred species of wild birds.

F)  There are no snow-capped mountains on the island.

G)  Foreigners are not allowed to own property on the island.

Запишите в ответ цифры, расположив их в порядке, соответствующем буквам:

A	B	C	D	E	F	G

3. Задание 3-9

Вы услышите репортаж дважды. Выберите правильный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

Why did Helen change her original name?

1)  She wanted to break her tribe traditions.

2)  People found it difficult to pronounce it.

3)  She did not like its meaning.

4. 

Which tradition, according to Helen, is still alive in Navaho lifestyle?

1)  Horse riding.

2)  Clothes.

3)  Houses.

5.  

How does Helen characterize her family?

1)  They stick to the reservation area.

2)  It tries to preserve old traditions.

3)  It is unusually big for Navaho tribes.

6.  

What is Helen’s opinion about keeping Navaho traditions?

1)  Navaho people must assimilate into white culture.

2)  Traditional lifestyle is appropriate only in reservations.

3)  There should be a balance in accepting white culture.

7. 

What does Helen say about her knowledge of the Navaho language?

1)  She used to be better at it.

2)  She still has an excellent command of it.

3)  Her speaking skills are better than her writing.

8.  

Which of the following weekend activities does Helen NOT mention as her habit?

1)  Watching films.

2)  Taking part in traditional ceremonies.

3)  Meeting peers.

9.  

What does Helen dream of visiting?

1)  Local places of interest.

2)  American cities.

3)  Countries on other continents.

10. Задание 10 № 4554

Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. A good investment

2. How it all began

3. Multi-purpose constructions

4. All is well that ends well

5. A vertical marathon

6. Breathtaking athletic events

7. 21st century technology

8. Once number one globally

A. Radio and television towers are tall structures designed to transmit radio or television signals. However, besides serving their main function they often become tourist attractions, as a lot of them are true architectural wonders. Among some of the most famous — and tallest — towers in the world are the Tokyo Skytree, the Canton Tower in China, the CN Tower in Toronto, Canada, and the Ostankino Tower in Moscow, Russia.

B. The Ostankino Tower is 540 meters tall which makes it the tallest tower in Europe. When it was built in 1968, it was the tallest structure in the world, which it remained until 1975. The Ostankino Tower radio and television signal covers the area with the population of over 15 million people. The Tower also has an observation platform and a restaurant about 330 meters in the air which you can reach on one of the lifts in just 58 seconds.

C. The first Radio Tower in Moscow was built during the Civil War in 1922 by the outstanding Russian architect Vladimir Shukhov and is a hyperboloid structure. In fact, it was Shukhov who first invented the hyperboloid metal structure in the 1890s, inspired by the weaving of peasant baskets. Vladimir Lenin himself approved the construction of this tower which today is considered a historic and architectural monument of Soviet Constructivism.

D. Yet another use of television towers is holding sports events. Some of the most common ones are base-jumping, an extreme sport where participants jump off high structures with parachutes; and bungee jumping, where the jumpers are attached to a tall structure with a large elastic cord. Among the more traditional competitions is racing up the tower staircase, which was held in the Ostankino Tower up until 2000, when the tower was damaged by the fire.

E. The fire broke out at a height of 458 m on 27 August, 2000. It took over 300 firefighters, more than 24 hours and a lot of effort to stop it. Many people were afraid that the tower would not be able to survive and would collapse. Luckily it didn’t happen. But almost all TV channels and some radio channels stopped working for several days. The reconstruction of the tower that followed lasted until 2007. In 2009 the tower reopened its doors to tourists.

F. And not only to them. On July 21, 2018, Ostankino Tower was open again to 28 sportsmen from 12 countries who raced up its winding staircase. The staircase is very narrow, so the sportsmen had to run one by one with a 30 second interval between them. Only professional runners were allowed to participate. It was a German athlete Christian Riedl who made it to the top in just 9 minutes and 51 seconds, setting a new record.

G. It would be logical to assume that television towers are the tallest structures in the world. In fact, it had been true until 2009 when the Burj Khalifa, the tallest sky-scraper in the world, was built in Dubai. It cost about $1.5 billion to complete the construction of this building, but it paid off: office and apartment space pricing is over $40,000 per m2, and over 90% of all the apartments and offices are now occupied!

Текст	A	B	C	D	E	F	G
Заголовок

11. Задание 11 № 1512

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 — лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

                                         Chocolate

Chocolate is made from a number of raw and processed foods produced from the seeds of tropical cacao trees. Cacao has been cultivated in A ______ at least 3000 years. For most of this time it was made into a drink called, in translation — “bitter water”. This is because В ______ to be fermented to develop a palatable flavour. After fermentation the beans are dried and roasted and the shell is removed to produce cacao nibs. These are then ground and liquefied into chocolate liquor. The liquor is then processed into cocoa solids or cocoa butter. Pure chocolate contains primarily cocoa solids and butter in different proportions. Much of С ______ with added sugar. Milk chocolate is sweetened chocolate that additionally contains either milk powder or condensed milk. White chocolate on the other D ______ is therefore not a true chocolate. Chocolate contains theobromine and phenethylamine which have physiological effects on the body. It is similar to serotonin levels in the brain. Scientists claim E ______ , can lower blood pressure. Recently, dark chocolate has also been promoted for its health benefits. But pet owners should remember that the presence of theobromine makes it toxic to cats and dogs. Chocolate is now one F ______ , although 16 of the top 20 chocolate consuming countries are in Europe. Also interesting is that 66% of world chocolate is consumed between meals.

1. the chocolate consumed today is made

2. that chocolate, eaten in moderation

3. central and southern America for

4. of the world’s most popular flavours

5. hand contains no cocoa solids and

6. cacao seeds are intensely bitter and have

7. many countries worldwide at

Moscow’s ‘Universal Provider’

Teatralnaya Square in Moscow is dominated by three imposing buildings: the Bolshoi Theatre, the Maly Theatre and TsUM — Central Universal Department Store. All of them have a rich and fascinating history.

The building that has been known for almost 100 years as TsUM was built in 1908 as the famous Muir & Mirrielees Dpartment Store and is celebrating its 110th anniversary this year. Back at the turn of the 20th century, the building was owned by a Scottish family which was very well-known in Moscow.

Archibald Mirrielees was a 25-year-old ambitious Scotsman when he came to St. Petersburg, Russia, in 1822 to gain fame and fortune. Having started as a representative of a British company, in 1843 he founded a business under his own name. In 1852 he was joined by his young brother-in-law Andrew Muir, and so the Muir & Mirrielees company was born.

At first, the company was operating in St. Petersburg as a whole-sale business. Andrew Muir traveled all over Europe choosing the best fabrics, clothes and other fashionable goods which were then imported into Russia and sold to local shops. In 1867 the firm opened its first office in Moscow, which had played second fiddle to St. Petersburg from the time of Peter the Great, but now was rapidly developing its industries. By that time Archibald Mirrielees had already been retired for ten years and lived in England. Now his sons Archie and Fred were helping Andrew Muir to run the company.

In the middle of the 19th century the first Department stores appeared in Europe: first, The Bon Marché in Paris, and then, Whiteley’s in London. At the time when most shops were small, this was an innovation that was characterized by fixed prices, the possibility to exchange goods or get a refund, seasonal sales and daily deliveries to every part of the city. William Whiteley, who was first to open such a store in London, called his shop a ‘Universal Provider’ and indeed managed to find anything a client could ever fancy to buy.

This was the example that Muir & Mirrielees in Moscow were going to follow. In 1885, they bought a three-storey building in Petrovka, across the street from the Bolshoi. By 1892 the store had 25 departments, and in 1891 Muir & Mirrielees gave up wholesale trading and focused entirely on their Department store — Moscow’s true ‘Universal Provider’.

Nobody knows how the big fire started. Some believe that it was jealous rivals from the smaller shops that set Muir & Mirrielees on fire. In any case, early in the evening on November 24, 1900, while Feodor Shalyapin was singing one of his leading roles across the street, the famous store went up in flames. By midnight, to the audience of both Bolshoi and Maly theatres’s spectators who’d deserted their performances in favour of a more dramatic spectacle, the building burnt down completely.

In 1908, the new Muir & Mirrielees store with 80 departments was erected in the same place, designed by the well-known architect Roman Klein. It was the first building in Russia to use walls of reinforced concrete — a technique invented in America for sky-scrapers. It allowed for thinner walls and bigger windows. Moscow had never seen a building quite like this before. One of the attractions of the new store were two lifts that held 8 passengers each. This was also a novelty in Moscow, and not everyone trusted them.

Among the loyal customers of Muir & Mirrielees were Anton Chekhov, Leo Tolstoy’s wife and daughter, the Tsvetayev family and many more.

12. Задание 12

The word ‘ambitious’ in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to the word

1) determined.

2) aggressive.

3) arrogant.

4) hopeful.

13. Задание 13 

Archibald Mirrielees lived in

1) Moscow at the beginning of the 20th century.

2) Moscow in the second half of the 19th century.

3) St Petersburg in the first half of the 19th century.

4) St Petersburg at the beginning of the 20th century.

14. Задание 14

According to the 4th paragraph, Andrew Muir

1) was responsible for the quality of imported goods.

2) started selling musical instruments in Moscow.

3) spent his holidays in different European countries.

4) had two grown-up sons who were helping him.

15. Задание 15

According to the article, which of the following was NOT a novelty that made a Department store different from an ordinary small shop?

1) Clients could order goods from stores to be delivered to their homes.

2) Clients could return goods to the store and get their money back.

3) Client could pay much less if they negotiated the price at the store.

4) Clients could buy things cheaper at the store at certain seasons.

16. Задание 16

William Whiteley called his store a ‘Universal Provider’ because

1) he sold his goods all over the country.

2) of the variety of goods that were sold there.

3) his clients came from all social classes.

4) he provided many smaller shops with goods.

17. Задание 17

According to paragraph 7, on November 24, 1900

1) Feodor Shalyapin was watching the fire from across the street.

2) Feodor Shalyapin had fewer admirers listening to him than usually.

3) there was a drama played at the Bolshoi, rather than an opera.

4) performances in the Bolshoi and Maly theatres ended at midnight.

18. Задание 18

The new Muir & Mirrielees building seemed unusual to Muscovites because

1) from the outside it looked like a sky-scraper.

2) of the modern technologies that were used in it.

3) it was designed by an American architect.

4) of the attractive decorations on the lifts.

19. Задание 19 

Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.

Languages in the USA

The most commonly used language in the United States is English, which is the de facto national language. Nonetheless, many other languages __________________  19.SPEAK   in the United States.

__________________  20. THIS include indigenous languages, languages brought to the country by colonists, enslaved people

and immigrants from Europe, Africa and Asia.

Spanish, of course, is the __________________ 21. TWO most commonly spoken language in the United States. However, few

people realise that after English and Spanish Chinese is spoken regularly in more American homes than any other language.

The Brownings

On January 10, 1845, Robert Browning, a little-known poet and playwright, sent a letter to Elizabeth Barrett, an internationally renowned poet, an invalid, after reading her volume of poetry. Over the course of the next 20 months, they __________________22. WRITE  each other close to 600 letters.

It is one of the __________________ 23. GREAT literary correspondences of all time.

24. Задание 24 № 6861

Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово LEAVE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.

The couple’s last letter was exchanged on September 18, 1846, the night before the two __________________24. LEAVE  for a trip to Italy and two weeks after their secret marriage.

__________________25. THEY  romance, which Elizabeth credited with saving her life, lasted for 15 years and spawned some of the world’s most beautiful poetry.

The Vancouver Aquarium

The Vancouver Aquarium is a public aquarium. It is __________________ 26. CONVENIENT located in Stanley Park, a popular area.

In addition to being a major __________________27. ATTRACT for Vancouver, the aquarium is a centre for marine research and conservation.

It was one of the first facilities to invite __________________28. SCIENCE into the galleries to interpret animal behaviour.

So a visit to the aquarium is not only pleasant, but also __________________29. EDUCATION.

The aquarium remains a nonprofit organisation. Its __________________30.OWN is the City of Vancouver.

The aquarium has been rented for $40,000 a year since 1991. This money and the entrance fees paid by __________________31. TOUR support the aquarium financially.

Two years in a hut

Henry Thompson, a writer, built a hut on the shore of the pond and lived there all alone for two years. He did this for two reasons: because he wanted to 32 ______ that people spend too much time and money on food and clothes and because he wanted a perfectly quiet chance to write more books. 33 ______ to the writer, he spent only one hundred dollars a year while he lived in this hut. He raised beans on his land, ate wild berries, caught fish and “went visiting” his friends and neighbours now and then. To buy his woodsman’s clothes and a few necessities, he planted gardens, painted houses, and cut wood for his friends.

This period influenced Henry’s creative work a lot. He wrote a book called “The Wood” which 34 ______ all about these seven or eight hundred days he lived in his hut. Several other books also describe the time when he 35 ______ to live all by himself. These sold very well. In all of them Henry was boasting that he had found the only sensible way to live. “I am for simple living, and I 36 ______ being alone!” he would declare in his books. He 37 ______ you feel, when you read his books, that it is fine to walk around the fields, sniffing the wild grape and the green grass, and that no one can find pleasure like the man who rows, and skates, and swims. 38 ______, people passing by the pond used to hear him whistling old ballads, or playing very softly and beautifully on a flute, and they thought he sounded lonely and sad.

32. Задание 32 

Вставьте пропущенное слово:

1) prove

2) ensure

3) agree

4) secure

33. Задание 33 

Вставьте пропущенное слово:

1) According

2) Regarding

3) Including

4) Concerning

34. Задание 34 

Вставьте пропущенное слово:

1) speaks

2) tells

3) says

4) talks

35. Задание 35 

Вставьте пропущенное слово:

1) used

2) made

3) kept

4) held

36. Задание 36 

Вставьте пропущенное слово:

1) amuse

2) please

3) satisfy

4) enjoy

37. Задание 37

Вставьте пропущенное слово:

1) makes

2) gives

3) turns

4) takes

38. Задание 38 

Вставьте пропущенное слово:

1) Although

2) Otherwise

3) Moreover

4) However