Hogmanay is a scottish holiday that celebrates the new year егэ ответы

12923. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

Hogmanay is a Scottish holiday that celebrates the New Year. Observed on December 31, festivities typically spill over into the first couple of days of January. In fact, there’s a tradition known as ‘first-footing’, A___________. Of course, the guest must be dark-haired and preferably male. Redheads and women aren’t nearly as lucky! This tradition stems from the time when a red- or blonde-haired stranger was probably an invading Norseman. Gifts are given to guests, and one of the popular food items on the Hogmanay menu is the black bun, B___________.

In addition to national observance, many local areas have their own customs C___________. In the town of Burghead, Moray, an ancient tradition called ‘burning the clavie’ takes place each year on January, 11. The clavie is a big bonfire, fuelled primarily by split casks. One of these is joined back together with a big nail, filled with flammable material, and lit on fire. Flaming, it’s carried around the village and up to a Roman altar known to residents as the Douro. The bonfire is built around the clavie. When the burnt clavie crumbles, D___________.

In Stonehaven, Kincardineshire, the locals make giant balls of tar, paper and chicken wire. These are attached to several feet of chain or wire, and then set on fire. A designated ‘swinger’ whirls the ball around his head and walks through the village streets to the local harbor. At the end of the festival, any balls still on fire are cast into the water, E___________!

The town of Biggar, Lanarkshire, celebrates with a big holiday bonfire. In the early 1940s, one or two locals complained about the size of the fire, and celebration organizers agreed to have a smaller fire. This was erected as promised, but before it was lit, the local traditionalists trucked in cartload after cartload of coal and wood, making a giant pyre, F___________!

The Presbyterian church disapproved of Hogmanay in the past, but the holiday still enjoys a great deal of popularity.

1) which then burned for a whopping five days before running out of fuel
2) which is quite an impressive sight in the dark
3) where they are able to follow national traditions
4) the locals each grab a lit piece to kindle a fire in their own hearth
5) in which the first person to cross a home’s threshold brings the residents good luck for the coming year
6) when it comes to celebrating Hogmanay
7) which is a really rich fruitcake

12923. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

Hogmanay is a Scottish holiday that celebrates the New Year. Observed on December 31, festivities typically spill over into the first couple of days of January. In fact, there’s a tradition known as ‘first-footing’, A___________. Of course, the guest must be dark-haired and preferably male. Redheads and women aren’t nearly as lucky! This tradition stems from the time when a red- or blonde-haired stranger was probably an invading Norseman. Gifts are given to guests, and one of the popular food items on the Hogmanay menu is the black bun, B___________.

In addition to national observance, many local areas have their own customs C___________. In the town of Burghead, Moray, an ancient tradition called ‘burning the clavie’ takes place each year on January, 11. The clavie is a big bonfire, fuelled primarily by split casks. One of these is joined back together with a big nail, filled with flammable material, and lit on fire. Flaming, it’s carried around the village and up to a Roman altar known to residents as the Douro. The bonfire is built around the clavie. When the burnt clavie crumbles, D___________.

In Stonehaven, Kincardineshire, the locals make giant balls of tar, paper and chicken wire. These are attached to several feet of chain or wire, and then set on fire. A designated ‘swinger’ whirls the ball around his head and walks through the village streets to the local harbor. At the end of the festival, any balls still on fire are cast into the water, E___________!

The town of Biggar, Lanarkshire, celebrates with a big holiday bonfire. In the early 1940s, one or two locals complained about the size of the fire, and celebration organizers agreed to have a smaller fire. This was erected as promised, but before it was lit, the local traditionalists trucked in cartload after cartload of coal and wood, making a giant pyre, F___________!

The Presbyterian church disapproved of Hogmanay in the past, but the holiday still enjoys a great deal of popularity.

1) which then burned for a whopping five days before running out of fuel
2) which is quite an impressive sight in the dark
3) where they are able to follow national traditions
4) the locals each grab a lit piece to kindle a fire in their own hearth
5) in which the first person to cross a home’s threshold brings the residents good luck for the coming year
6) when it comes to celebrating Hogmanay
7) which is a really rich fruitcake

Home  >  Traditions of Scotland  >  Scottish Hogmanay Customs and Traditions at New Ye

Customs and traditions of New Year and Hogmanay in Scotland such as first footing, the bells, black bun and the origins of hogmanay

Hogmanay in Scotland is a great festive time, steeped in many customs and traditions. Below are some of these and the reasoning behind them:

New Years Eve Customs

During the day of Hogmanay the household would be busy cleaning so that the New Year could be welcomed into a tidy and neat house. It is considered ill luck to welcome in the New Year in a dirty uncleaned house. Fireplaces would be swept out and polished and some people would read the ashes of the very last fire of the year, to see what the New Year would hold. The act of cleaning the entire house was called the redding, ie getting ready for the New Year.

Pieces from a Rowan tree would be placed above a door to bring luck. In the house would be placed a piece of mistletoe, not for kissing under like at Christmas, but to prevent illness to the householders. Pieces of holly would be placed to keep out mischievous fairies and pieces of hazel and yew which were thought to have magical powers and would protect the house and the people who lived in it. Juniper would be burnt throughout the house, then all the doors of the home would be opened to bring in fresh air. The house was then considered ready to bring in the New Year.

Debts would be paid by New Year’s Eve because it was considered bad luck to see in a new year with a debt.

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Any visitors who arrive before the chimes of midnight on New Year’s Eve would have to be violently shooed away to prevent bad luck. At midnight the man of the house would open the back door to let the old year out and then open the front door of the house to let in the new year. The household would also make as much noise as possible to scare off evil spirits. In harbours throughout Aberdeenshire, at Aberdeen Harbour and throughout the North East Sea fishermen and sailors will sound their horns and these sounds carry for miles.

New Year Bells

The first stroke of the chimes at New Year is known as The Bells. People would sing Auld Lang Syne together whilst linking arms. Read the words of Auld Lang Syne.

After the bells have rung people would go visiting friends and family, or first footing as it is known in Scotland. This would involve carrying a bottle of spirit such as whisky to offer people a new year dram. In olden days when people could only afford one bottle of spirit’s a year this bottle would take pride of place on the mantelpiece or by the fireplace and only opened at the stroke of midnight.

Hogmanay Toasts

As people wish each other a Happy New Year there are some hogmanay toasts that can be said. A traditional Scottish New Year toast is:

Lang may yer lum reek!

Which means long may your chimney smoke and originated when people had coal fires and if the chimney was smoking it meant that you could afford coal and keep warm.

Another New Year toast said by Scottish people is:

A guid New Year to ane an’ a’ and mony may ye see»

Which translates to English from Scots as A good New Year to one and all, and many may you see.

New Year Resolutions

Resolutions are made at New Year, the most popular being to stop smoking or to loose weight. Scots may seem a sentimental race who hark back to the past, but we are also a race who look forward to the future and so Scotland invented making a New Year resolution. I can’t find much historical evidence for New Year resolutions but it seems to have originated in Victorian times.

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First Footing

The first foot of the New Year (the first person to step into the house and sometimes called the first fit) should traditionally be a tall black haired man. This stems back to the 4th — 12th century when unwelcome visitors to this shore were Vikings who were short and fair-haired. It is considered luckier to have the opposite type of person to visit. He or she should be honest, healthy, good tempered and liked by all. They must not be carrying a sharp object like a knife. It is not unusual for a household to choose a first footer and make arrangements prior to Hogmanay.

Unlucky First Footers

Women and red haired people are considered unlucky first footers, as is a person who first foots empty handed with no gift. Such a person will bring bad luck to the household for the rest of the year. Scottish hospitality means that the unlucky first footer cannot be turned away and must come in for some refreshment. Some households overcome this bad luck by asking the person to throw salt on an open fire if they have one or placing a piece of burning straw up the chimney. Roman Catholics will cross themselves if an unlucky first footer arrives at their house. Others make a cross from Rowan twigs and place this at their front door. If an unlucky first footer arrives they touch this twig cross three times saying the name of their God each time before the first footer speaks. This might sound daft in modern times but Scots have always been superstitious and do not want to suffer 12 months bad luck until the next first footer arrives.

Other unlucky first footers include Doctors, a Minister, thieves, a grave digger, someone born with a handicap, a flat footed person and someone whose eyebrows meet in the middle. This may seem politically incorrect but these hark back to the days before PC and are written here for historic interest.

Going Out First Footing

Those going out first footing should carry a bottle to offer a drink, a lump of coal to signify that the house will keep warm, bring comfort and be safe for the year, black bun, or more modernly shortbread, to signify that the household won’t go hungry for the year and a silver coin to bring prosperity to the household for the new year.

Friends, family, neighbours and even strangers are welcomed in with a handshake and the words «A Happy New Year» or » A guid year tae ye» (A good year to you) and then offered a dram and a bite to eat. The New Year is toasted with many a glass of whisky.

In some Scottish communities the Hogmanay tradition of taking a turn still exists at parties. A turn can be reciting a poem, singing a song, telling a joke or story telling.

Hogmanay Customs

Creaming of the Well

Households who still have wells should perform the creaming of the well tradition — the first water to be drawn from the well in the New Year. A woman who wishes to wed a particular man would try to get him to drink from this water by the end of the day to guarantee marriage. In olden days when there was a community well the villagers would rush to be the first to cream the well because it would foretell good fortune for the year.

Meeting at Hogmanay

In industrial days when people would live in a community that worked together and would work all winter without a break, except for New Year Eve and Day the communities would meet at a central point to see the New Year in. The central place was commonly by the Mercat Cross, the Town Clock or Village Church. In Aberdeen people would meet by the Town House which now explains why Aberdeen hosts the annual Hogmanay concert at the Castlegate.

Hogmanay Guising

Much like Hallowe’en children would have gone out guising around the neighbourhood knocking on doors an oatcake, a piece of black bun, shortbread sweets or money. A popular Scottish Hogmanay guising song was:

Rise up, guid wife, an’ shake your feathers,
Dinna think that we are beggars:
We are bairns come out to play,
Get up and gie’s our Hogmanay!

Modern Hogmanay Customs

Modern traditions include watching comedy specials. During the 1970’s and 1980’s it was Scotch and Wry and these days it is new episodes of Only An Excuse? and repeats of Chewin’ The Fat or Still Game. The BBC also broadcast a Hogmanay Live Show with special guests and live link ups to Scottish hogmanay events.

There is always a street party at Princess Street in Edinburgh and tickets are much sought after. This Hogmanay event is filmed on Scottish Television on Channel 3 for the Hogmanay Live Show. It is broadcast live throughout Scotland and other parts of the world. The Edinburgh event has live music, dancing, famous presenters and interviews and a countdown to the bells with a toast of whisky to the New Year.

Hogmanay Food

Shortbread biscuits, whisky and black bun is traditionally eaten and drunk during Hogmanay. Black bun is a rich fruit cake wrapped in a pastry. Steak pie and potatoes are traditionally eaten for New Year’s lunch to help sober up Scottish men and women worldwide! For those who can face a hearty lunch or dinner then Scotch broth soup is a common starter on New Year’s Day and clootie dumpling makes a tasty pudding. Some Scots like to eat traditional Scottish food like haggis, neeps and tatties or older recipes like clapshot or rumbledethumps. There are recipes for these and older traditional Scottish recipes at www.scottishrecipes.co.uk

In Scotland New Year Day is a family occasion with families travelling to a get together. The next few days sees the tradition of first footing continuing when people visit friends and family with shortcake or a gift and a drink. It is common for employees to be give extra holidays on the 2nd and 3rd of the month.

Het Pint

In olden days villagers would carry a drink called Het Pint which was a boiling mixture of ale mulled with nutmeg and whisky. It was served from a copper kettle and this steaming liquid would be offered to anyone the first footer met. Modern first footer carry a bottle of spirits such as whisky. A traditional Het Pint recipe can be found in the book The Scots Kitchen by F. Marian McNeill. Ingredients include ale, sugar, eggs, whisky and nutmeg.

Origins of Hogmanay

The tradition of Hogmanay is thought to have its origins in France and comes from the French word Aguillaneuf and the words L’an neuf which translates to New Year. The French would give each other presents on the last day of the year. It was common for the poor to take to the streets to receive gifts to the shout of «Au gui l’an neuf». In Normandy this phrase was known as hoguinelo and the gifts called hoguignetes. There has always been a strong connection between Scotland and France which dates back to the Auld Alliance between the two countries when they shared a common Queen who was Mary, Queen of Scots. She lived in France for a short time during her childhood and was the Queen of France for a brief period. When she returned to Scotland she introduced many customs to the country and French words to the Scots language.

Other sources have traced the word back to 1696 when the Scottish National Dictionary described women singing a hog ma nae song. The English Dialect Dictionary of 1696 gave a reference to ordinary people going door to door on New Year’s Eve crying out Hagmana. This was thought to be from the corrupted Greek word Hagia-mana which translates to Holy Month.

There is a small reference in the 1680 Oxford English Dictionary to a listing for Hogmynae-night in the list of festivals.

People from the Hebridean Isles trace back the word Hogmanay to their Scandinavian ancestors who had a feast of the Yule where animals would be slaughtered for the Yule feast. The night before was called Hoggo-nott which over the centuries became Hogenat and then Hogg-night. Hagg means to kill or cut.

New Year Fire Ceremonies

Scottish people have long associated the New Year with fire and a time of new opportunities and cleansing of the old life. The fires are said to ward of the evil spirits. Here in Aberdeenshire we still perform the fireball ceremony at Stonehaven and the Burning of the Clavie at Burghead in Elgin. There are more details of each ceremony with photos in the links below. At the village Comrie in Perthshire there is a ceremony called the Flambeaux where torches made from small trees which have been dipped in paraffin are lit on hogmanay and carried through the village. There are carnival type floats and a procession. The event ends at the village square and the lit Flambeauxs are thrown onto a bonfire.

In the fishing village of Footdee at Aberdeen there was a New Year tradition of burning old boats and wood on a bonfire on the old Hogmanay date of the 11th January. The villagers would cry Burn The Boat as the fire was lit and the dying embers would be taken round the houses. This helped ward off evil such as witches that would contrive to wreck boats at the Donmouth (cited in the book Footdee: And Her Shipyards (Villages of Aberdeen)). The Fittie villagers also performed the creaming of the well which is described further above this aboutaberdeen Hogmanay customs page.

Read more about the Burning of the Clavie.

Up Helly-aa

In Lerwick, the Shetland Islands there is the festival of Up Helly-aa where the villagers make a full scale Viking galley boat with detail such as oars and shields. The boat is built over the preceding months. At the festival, which takes place at night, the boat is pulled down to the beach by villagers who are dressed as Viking Warriors. The other villagers carry lit fire torches and when the Viking long boat reaches the beach the villagers give three cheers to the builders. Following the cheering a bugle sounds and the boat is torched alight. The Up Helly-aa is held on the last Tuesday of January. Many Shetlanders who no longer live on the Isle return home each year for this festival.

Read about the Hogmanay Stonehaven Fireball Ceremony.

Read about the Burning of the Clavie.

Other Names For New Years Eve

Cake Day

As well as being called Hogmanay in Scotland, New Year Eve used to be known as Cake Day. This was because people would go out guising from door to door to get a piece of cake from their neighbours. It is still called Cake Day by some Scottish people and those from the North of England.

Singing E’en

Singing E’en, or Singing Evening used to be celebrated in the East of Scotland in places like Angus and Fife. It got its name because people would go out singing Yule Carols on New Year’s Eve which was then called Old Year’s Night.

Other Spellings of Hogmanay

The origins of the word Hogmanay still remain unknown however it is known that the word used to be spelt hag-me-nay in the Galloway area and huggeranohni in the Shetland Islands. These variations of the Hogmanay word is probably because the language was handed down from generation to generation orally rather than in writing.

New Year Walks

A custom in the Buchan area of Rathen is to have village walks lead by musicians on Christmas Day, New Year Day and on the 2 January each year. Read more about these at the Temperance Walk at Inverallochy, and Cairnbulg St Combs page.

More Scottish customs and traditions.

Aberdeenshire Hogmanay

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Hogmanay: Great Balls o’ Fire!:

Hogmanay (pronounced hog-ma-NAY) is the Scottish holiday that celebrates the new year. Observed on December 31, festivities typically spill over into the first couple of days of January. In fact, there’s a tradition known as «first-footing,» in which the first person to enter a home brings the residents good luck for the coming year — of course, the guest must be dark-haired and preferably male; redheads and women aren’t nearly as lucky!

Etymology of the Word «Hogmanay»

Where did the word «Hogmanay» come from, anyway? There are a few different theories about the origins and etymology. Rampant Scotland says,

«The Scandinavian word for the feast preceding Yule was Hoggo-nott while the Flemish words (many have come into Scots) hoog min dag means «great love day.» Hogmanay could also be traced back to the Anglo-Saxon, Haleg monath, Holy Month, or the Gaelic, oge maidne, new morning. But the most likely source seems to be the French. Homme est né or «Man is born» while in France the last day of the year when gifts were exchanged was aguillaneuf, while in Normandy presents given at that time were hoguignetes.»

Author Clement A. Miles says in Christmas in Ritual and Tradition that this tradition stems from back when a red- or blonde-haired stranger was probably an invading Norseman. Gifts are exchanged, and one of the popular food items on the Hogmanay menu is the black bun, which is a really rich fruitcake.

Gary Marshall at Metro UK says that Hogmanay is a pretty big deal because

«Until very recently, Scots didn’t do Christmas. The party-loving Protestant Reformation effectively banned Christmas for 400 years, and Christmas Day didn’t even become a public holiday in Scotland until 1958 and Boxing Day didn’t become a holiday until 1974. So while the rest of the world celebrated Christmas, Scots toiled. Their family get-togethers happened at Hogmanay instead.»

Local Celebrations

In addition to national observance, many local areas have their own customs when it comes to celebrating Hogmanay. In the town of Burghead, Moray, an ancient tradition called «burning the clavie» takes place each year on January 11. The clavie is a big bonfire, fueled primarily by split casks. One of these is joined back together with a big nail, filled with flammable material, and lit on fire. Flaming, it’s carried around the village and up to a Roman altar known to residents as the Douro. The bonfire is built around the clavie. When the burnt clavie crumbles, the locals each grab a lit piece to kindle a fire in their own hearth.

In Stonehaven, Kincardineshire, the locals make giant balls of tar, paper and chicken wire. These are attached to several feet of chain or wire, and then set on fire. A designated «swinger» whirls the ball around his head and walks through the village streets to the local harbor. At the end of the festival, any balls still on fire are cast into the water. This is quite an impressive sight in the dark!

The town of Biggar, Lanarkshire, celebrates with a bonfire. In the early 1940s, one or two locals complained about the size of the fire, and celebration organizers agreed to have a smaller fire. This was erected as promised, but before it was lit, the local traditionalists trucked in cartload after cartload if coal and wood, making a giant pyre, which then burned for a whopping five days before running out of fuel!

The Presbyterian church has disapproved of Hogmanay in the past, but the holiday still enjoys a great deal of popularity. If you get a chance to visit Scotland over the winter holidays and want to celebrate with the locals, check out this link for all things Hogmanay-related: Hogmanay.net.

In August 2016, the Aberdeen Press and Journal reported that one of Scotland’s biggest Hogmanay celebrations, the Stonehaven Open Air in the Square, would be cancelled. The article cites organizers’ claims that the downturn in oil and gas has had a negative effect on sponsorship.

«The committee claim they are the latest victim of the ongoing North Sea oil and gas crisis. A spokeswoman for the organising committee said: “The event has been cancelled and all money has been refunded. We rely heavily on sponsorship as ticket sales don’t cover the organisation costs, but none have come forward because of the current economic climate. We hope to have it up and running again next year, unless any sponsors come forward this year.”

Hogmanay (pronounced hog-ma-NAY) is the Scottish holiday that celebrates the new year. Observed on December 31, festivities typically spill over into the first couple of days of January. In fact, there’s a tradition known as «first-footing,» in which the first person to enter a home brings the residents good luck for the coming year — of course, the guest must be dark-haired and preferably male; redheads and women aren’t nearly as lucky!

Etymology of the Word «Hogmanay»

Where did the word «Hogmanay» come from, anyway? There are a few different theories about the origins and etymology. Rampant Scotland says,

«The Scandinavian word for the feast preceding Yule was Hoggo-nott while the Flemish words (many have come into Scots) hoog min dag means «great love day.» Hogmanay could also be traced back to the Anglo-Saxon, Haleg monath, Holy Month, or the Gaelic, oge maidne, new morning. But the most likely source seems to be the French. Homme est né or «Man is born» while in France the last day of the year when gifts were exchanged was aguillaneuf, while in Normandy presents given at that time were hoguignetes.»

Author Clement A. Miles says in Christmas in Ritual and Tradition that this tradition stems from back when a red- or blonde-haired stranger was probably an invading Norseman. Gifts are exchanged, and one of the popular food items on the Hogmanay menu is the black bun, which is a really rich fruitcake.

Gary Marshall at Metro UK says that Hogmanay is a pretty big deal because

«Until very recently, Scots didn’t do Christmas. The party-loving Protestant Reformation effectively banned Christmas for 400 years, and Christmas Day didn’t even become a public holiday in Scotland until 1958 and Boxing Day didn’t become a holiday until 1974. So while the rest of the world celebrated Christmas, Scots toiled. Their family get-togethers happened at Hogmanay instead.»

Раздел 1. АУДИРОВАНИЕ

1

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

1. ^{Knowing German offers you more career opportunities.}

2. ^{German isn’t as difficult as you may think.}

3. ^{You can’t learn the German language quickly.}

4. ^{Writers, philosophers and scientists need to learn German.}

5. ^{I learn German because I’m attracted by the culture.}

6. ^{Some unique academic books exist only in German.}

7. ^{German is almost an impossible language to learn.}

Говорящий	A	B	C	D	E	F
Утверждение

2

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

1. Greg studied in Russia for a year.

2. Mary wants Greg to give her some advice.

3. Mary still needs to get a visa to Russia.

4. Greg thinks Mary shouldn’t take cash.

5. Greg and Mary live in London.

6. Mary always tips waiters in restaurants.

7. Greg disliked Russian soups.

Утверждение	A	B	C	D	E	F	G
Соответствие диалогу

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

3

What do we learn about Maggie’s musical education?

1. ^{She didn’t have a special music talent.}

2. ^{She attended a musical school for 9 years.}

3. ^{She didn’t like playing the piano very much.}

Ответ:

4

Why did Maggie want to become an actress?

1. ^{This profession runs in her family.}

2. ^{She wanted to overcome the stage fright.}

3. ^{Acting on stage felt natural to her.}

Ответ:

5

What does Maggie say about directors and directing?

1. ^{She thinks David Lynch is the best director.}

2. ^{She feels she could herself direct a film one day.}

3. ^{She thinks she was fortunate to work with many talented directors.}

Ответ:

6

What does Maggie say is the most important thing for her about a film?

1. ^{The story.}

2. ^{The screenplay.}

3. ^{The partners.}

7

Ответ:

Maggie often plays mothers because…

1. ^{such roles provide lots of opportunities to an actress.}

2. ^{people like her in such roles.}

3. ^{she is a future mother herself.}

Ответ:

8

What does Maggie think of her appearance?

1. ^{She thinks she should take care of the way she looks on screen.}

2. ^{She thinks her looks don’t interfere with her job.}

3. ^{She thinks she’s very beautiful.}

Ответ:

9

What does Maggie love about being an actress?

1. ^{Being able to play both men and women.}

2. ^{Being able to express complex characters.}

3. ^{Being able to look beautiful on screen.}

Ответ:

По окончании выполнения заданий 1—9 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов в заданиях 1 и 2 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.

Раздел 2. ЧТЕНИЕ

10

Установите соответствие между заголовками 1—8 и текстами A—G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. Struggle for Survival 5. Tourist Boom

2. Ancient Wonder 6. Agriculture Success

3. Great Beginning 7. Practical Invention

4. Important Event 8. Living Longer

1. Computers have already revolutionized the way we live and work. But it is early days for computers. We do not know how much they are still changing the world. Already, Internet users can buy things and study holiday offers. It’s much easier to edit and print documents using a PC. More computer wonders are yet to come.

2. Only a few years before men were walking on the moon, reputable scientists declared that it was impossible. But in 1969 Neil Armstrong stepped out of his space capsule and made his famous statement, ‘That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.’ However, progress in this area is slower now. Not as much money goes into re search as in the 1960s.

3. Surely nothing has done more for the comfort and happiness of mankind than the advance of medical knowledge! Lots of people have benefited from aspirin and lots of lives have been saved by penicillin. Surgeons can perform the most amazing operations. Average life expectancy in Europe has risen dramatically over the last hundred years.

4. In the past, a holiday used to mean simply a day when you did not work. Now milЦ lions of holidaymakers travel to all parts of the world. Perhaps, not all people like to see lots of tourists in their countries, but we must admit that a phenomenon which sees the population of Greece treble is a wonder of the world.

5. It is true that the Olympic Games are now commercialized and there is greed and drug abuse. However, it is a competition in which every country of the world takes part. Every four years, for a brief moment, we see these countries come together in peace and friendship. We see people from warring countries shake hands. We feel hope again for the future of mankind.

6. In 1724, Jonathan Swift wrote, ‘Whoever makes two blades of grass or two ears of corn grow where only one grew before serves mankind better than the whole race of polЦ iticians’. In Europe farmers have done it and we produce enough food to feed the world. If only politicians could find a way to share it with those parts of the world where there is still famine.

7. The greatest wonder of the modern world is simply that we are still here. We have bombs that could destroy the world but we try our best not to use them. Because of peoЦ ple’s effort no government dares to use such weapons. The year 2001 marked the 100th anniversary of the Nobel Peace Prize, the most famous attempt to raise awareness of the issues of war and peace.

A	B	C	D	E	F	G

11

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A—F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

Hogmanay is a Scottish holiday that celebrates the New Year. Observed on December 31, festivities typically spill over into the first couple of days of January. In fact, there’s a tradition known as ‘firstfooting’, A . Of course, the guest must be dark haired and preferably male. Redheads and women aren’t nearly as lucky! This tradition stems from the time when a red— or blonde haired stranger was probably an invading Norseman. Gifts are given to guests, and one of the popular food items on the Hogmanay menu is the black bun, B .

In addition to national observance, many local areas have their own customs C . In the town of Burghead, Moray, an ancient tradition called ‘burning the clavie’ takes place each year on January, 11. The clavie is a big bonfire, fuelled primarily by split casks. One of these is joined back together with a big nail, filled with flammable material, and lit on fire. Flaming, it’s carried around the village and up to a Roman altar known to residents as the Douro. The bonfire is built around the clavie. When the burnt clavie crumbles, D .

In Stonehaven, Kincardineshire, the locals make giant balls of tar, paper and chicken wire. These are attached to several feet of chain or wire, and then set on fire. A designatЦ ed ‘swinger’ whirls the ball around his head and walks through the village streets to the local harbor. At the end of the festival, any balls still on fire are cast into the water, E !

The town of Biggar, Lanarkshire, celebrates with a big holiday bonfire. In the early 1940s, one or two locals complained about the size of the fire, and celebration organizers agreed to have a smaller fire. This was erected as promised, but before it was lit, the local

traditionalists trucked in cartload after cartload of coal and wood, making a giant pyre,

F !

The Presbyterian church disapproved of Hogmanay in the past, but the holiday still enjoys a great deal of popularity.

1. where they are able to follow national traditions

2. the locals each grab a lit piece to kindle a fire in their own hearth

3. which then burned for a whopping five days before running out of fuel

4. which is quite an impressive sight in the dark

5. when it comes to celebrating Hogmanay

6. in which the first person to cross a home’s threshold brings the residents good luck for the coming year

7. which is a really rich fruitcake

A	B	C	D	E	F

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

I’ll a first-class carriage of a train speeding Balkanward two Britons sat in friendly, fitful converse. They had first foregathered in the cold grey dawn at the frontier line, where the presiding eagle takes on an extra head and Teuton lands pass from Hohen- zollern to Habsburg. After a day’s break of their journey at Vienna the travellers had again foregathered at the train side and paid one another the compliment of settling in- stinctively into the same carriage. The elder of the two was a wine businessman. The oth- er was certainly a journalist. Neither man was talkative and each was grateful to the oth- er for not being talkative. That is why from time to time they talked.

One topic of conversation naturally thrust itself forward in front of all others. In Vienna the previous day they had learned of the mysterious vanishing of a world famous picture from the Louvre.

‘A dramatic disappearance of that sort is sure to produce a crop of imitations,’ said the Journalist.

‘I was thinking of the spiriting away of human beings rather than pictures. In particular I was thinking of the case of my aunt, Crispina Umberleigh.’

‘I remember hearing something of the affair,’ said the Journalist, ‘but I was away from England at the time. I never quite knew what was supposed to have happened.’

‘You may hear what really happened if you respect it as a confidence,’ said the Wine Merchant. ‘In the first place I may say that the disappearance of Mrs. Umberleigh was not regarded by the family entirely as bereavement. My uncle, Edward Umberleigh, was not by any means a weakЦkneed individual, in fact in the world of politics he had to be reckoned as a strong man, but he was unmistakably dominated by Crispina. Some people are born to command. Mrs. Umberleigh was born to legislate, codify, administrate, censor, license, ban, execute, and sit in judgement generally. From the kitchen regions upwards everyone in the household came under her despotic sway and stayed there with the submissiveness of molluscs involved in a glacial epoch. Her sons and daughters stood in mortal awe of her. Their studies, friendships, diet, amusements, religious observances, and way of doing their hair were all regulated and ordained according to the august lady’s will and pleasure. This will help you to understand the sensation of stupefaction which was caused in the family when she unobtrusively and inexplicably vanished. It was as though St. Paul’s Cathedral or the Piccadilly Hotel had disappeared in the night, leaving nothing but an

open space to mark where it had stood.

As far as it was known, nothing was troubling her; in fact there was much before her to make life particularly well worth living. The youngest boy had come back from school with an unsatisfactory report, and she was to have sat in judgement on him the very afternoon of the day she disappeared. Then she was in the middle of a newspaper correspondence with a rural dean in which she had already proved him guilty of heresy, inconsistency, and unworthy quibbling, and no ordinary consideration would have induced her

to discontinue the controversy. Of course the matter was put in the hands of the police, but as far as possible it was kept out of the papers, and the generally accepted explanaЦ tion of her withdrawal from her social circle was that she had gone into a nursing home.’

‘Couldn’t your uncle get hold of the least clue?’

‘As a matter of fact, he had received some information, though of course I did not know of it at the time. He got a message one day telling him that his wife had been kidnapped and smuggled out of the country; she was said to be hidden away, on one of the islands off the coast of Norway I think she was in comfortable surroundings and well cared for. And with the information came a demand for money; a lump sum of 2000 pounds was to be paid yearly. Failing this she would be immediately restored to her family.’

The Journalist was silent for a moment, and then began to laugh quietly.

‘It was certainly an inverted form of holding to ransom,’ he said. ‘Did your uncle succumb to it?’

‘Well, you see, for the family to have gone back into the Crispina thraldom after having tasted the delights of liberty would have been a tragedy, and there were even wider considerations to be taken into account. Since his bereavement he had unconsciously taken up a far bolder and more initiatory line in public affairs, and his popularity and influence had increased correspondingly. All this he knew would be jeopardised if he once more dropped into the social position of the husband of Mrs. Umberleigh. Of course, he had severe qualms of conscience about the arrangement. Later on, when he took me into his confidence, he told me that in paying the ransom he was partly influenced by the fear that if he refused it, the kidnappers might have vented their rage and disappointment on their captive. It was better, he said, to think of her being well cared for as a highly valued paying guest on one of the Lofoden Islands than to have her struggling miserably home in a maimed and mutilated condition. Anyway he paid the yearly instalment as punctually as one pays fire insurance. And then, after a disappearance of more than eight years, Crispina returned with dramatic suddenness to the home she had left so mysteriously.’

‘She had given her captors the slip?’

‘She had never been captured. Her wandering away had been caused by a sudden and complete loss of memory. She usually dressed rather in the style of a superior kind of charwoman, and it was not so very surprising that she should have imagined that she was one. She had wandered as far afield as Birmingham, and found fairly steady employment there, her energy and enthusiasm in putting people’s rooms in order counter balancing her obstinate and domineering characteristics. It was the shock of being paЦ tronisingly addressed as ‘my good woman’ by a curate who was disputing with her where the stove should be placed in a parish concert hall that led to the sudden restoration of her memory.’

‘But,’ exclaimed the Journalist, ‘the Lofoden Island people! Who had they got hold of?’ ‘A purely mythical prisoner. It was an attempt in the first place by someone who knew something of the domestic situation to bluff a lump sum out of Edward Umberleigh

before the missing woman turned up. Here is Belgrad and another custom house.’

(Adapted from ‘The Disappearance Of Crispina Umberleigh’

by H. H. Munro)

12

The two Britons in a first class carriage were

1) fellow travellers. 2) friends. 3) colleagues. 4) acquaintances. Ответ: .

13

When Mrs. Umberleigh disappeared, all the family

1. felt a sense of loss. 3) were extremely surprised.

2. regarded it entirely as bereavement. 4) suffered a lot. Ответ: .

14

The narrator considered Mrs. Umberleigh to be

1. sympathetic. 3) kind to her relatives.

2. domineering. 4) the heart of the family. Ответ: .

15

On the day of her disappearance, Mrs. Umberleigh

1. wrote a letter to a rural dean. 3) spent the afternoon with her son.

2. went to a nursing home. 4) sent for the police. Ответ: .

16

Mrs. Umberleigh’s husband paid 2000 pounds yearly mainly because

1. he was afraid that the kidnappers would do harm to his wife.

2. he wanted his wife to be well cared for.

3. he did not want to put at risk his political career.

4. he believed she would be happy on one of the Lofoden Islands. Ответ: .

17

Mrs. Umberleigh disappeared because

1. she went abroad. 3) she was kidnapped.

2. she went into a nursing home. 4) she had a sudden loss of memory. Ответ: .

18

During her absence Mrs. Umberleigh

1. worked for charity. 3) cleaned people’s houses.

2. lived happily. 4) assisted a curate. Ответ: .

По окончании выполнения заданий 10—18 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов в заданиях 10 и 11 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.

Раздел 3. ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечам танные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученм ными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19—25.

Cigarette Warning Labels — Do They Work?

19

Warning labels

in the late 1960’s with a minor note say ing ‘Smoking can be hazardous to health’. It was only the 1970’s that confirmed: smoking could kill.

Smoking is a habit that people are not ready to quit even when they are dying. This is because cigarette smoking leads to a rapid addiction for

ADOPT

nicotine and is even than alcohol. ADDICTIVE

A person who to smoke knows that he is entering a dark road.

22

So, if his

experience is not good he may read the warning label on the cigarette box and decide to not smoke again.

23

However, if smoking is a habit, a smoker

about the side effects of smoking.

24

Although he knows that smoking is injurious, he thinks that it

him very soon. So he ignores the warning labels and conЦ tinues smoking.

25

As a rule heavy smokers don’t really care about themselves, because if

JUST START ONE

NOT CARE NOT HARM

they , they would not be smoking in the first place. DO

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26—31, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски пом лученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26—31.

The Internet — a Blessing or a Curse?

We live in the age of information technology and the Internet is a

unique , which has influenced all areas of our lives. INVENT

Yet some people are about the importance of the Web. Is it a blessing or a curse?

28

On the one hand, with the Internet, it is now possible to communicate

CERTAIN

with people all over the world. EASY

29

In addition, the Internet is very useful, because it makes the world of

facts and knowledge to everyone. ACCESS

30

However, a huge amount of information on the Internet is also one of its

. This diversity makes it difficult to find the type of inforЦ mation you want.

31

Moreover, the Internet can become

for our society, because of cybercriminals. The information wars of the future may be fought on Web sites.

WEAK DANGER

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32—38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32—38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Squirrel

It was when Squirrel Nutkin appeared at the October Board meeting that Mr. Ramsay began to 32 his reputation for eccentricity. And that’s putting it 33 . To be fair, there were people who said at the time that there was nothing wrong in wearing a glove puppet to a Board meeting. However, there were more who disagreed, and several who thought that Mr. Ramsay was off his chump. The matter was hotly disputed in the company’s offices, on the shop floor and in the canteen.

It happened during Mr. Giles’s monthly overlong summary of the company’s financial position. Two factors were making the prospects for Ramsay & Co look bleak.

The first of these factors spoke for itself. There were simply fewer items of hosiery being sold. Whether this was due to the long hot summer combined with the undoubted increase 34 the uptake of feminine trousers, or it was a sign of continued recession was not for him to say. Ramsay & Co simply had to 35 the facts, whether they liked them or not, and accept what the market was telling them. Reality didn’t always turn 36 the way people wanted it to.

The second factor, however, was where they could do something about. Ramsay & Co’s costs were inordinately high compared to those of its competitors, who had been cutting back on staff over the last five years, reducing their workforce to one fifth of its previous level. It was high 37 that Ramsay & Co got itself into a similar position.

None of the Board members was surprised at what Mr. Giles had to say. He had, after all, said it all before, many times, over the past several months. Mr. Ramsay had, until now, always stubbornly resisted him. This time, though, what happened was different from all the previous occasions. Mr. Ramsay had never before produced a glove puppet from underneath the table. He had never had a squirrel sitting on his left hand during a presentation.

The only two pairs of eyes in the room focused on Mr. Giles during his summation of the company’s position were those of Mr. Ramsay and the squirrel, both of whom were shaking their heads very slightly. The other Board members were sitting shocked with their mouths wide open and were 38 at the puppet.

32

1) acquire 2) enquire 3) inquire 4) require Ответ:

.

33

1) mild 2) milder 3) mildest 4) mildly Ответ:

.

34

1) at 2) in 3) of 4) to Ответ:

.

35

1) comment 2) cope 3) deal 4) face Ответ:

.

36

1) in 2) on 3) out 4) up Ответ:

.

37

1) price 2) moment 3) time 4) way Ответ:

.

38

1) watching 2) staring 3) seeing 4) observing Ответ:

.

По окончании выполнения заданий 19—38 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов в заданиях 19 и 31 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.

Проверьте, чтобы каждый ответ был записан рядом с номером соответствующего задания.

Раздел 4. ПИСЬМО

Для ответов на задания 39 и 40 используйте бланк ответов № 2. Черновые пометки можно делать прямо на листе с заданиями, или можно использовать отдельный черновик. При выполнении заданий 39 и 40 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ № 2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются. Запишите сначала номер задания (39, 40), а затем ответ на него. Если одной стороны бланка недостаточно, Вы можете использовать другую его сторону.

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Adam who writes:

39

…As for me, I’m crazy about chess. This is a wonderful game and it makes my brain work. What sports games do you play, if any? What kind of things do you and your friends like doing after classes? Do you take part in any after-school activities? Why?

Guess what! I found a homeless puppy the other day and my parents let me have it …

Write back to Adam. In your letter

• answer his questions

• ask 3 questions about his puppy

Write 100 — 140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

40

Comment on the following statement.

Exams are a fair way of testing students.

What is your opinion? Do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Write 200 — 250 words.

Use the following plan:

— make an introduction (state the problem paraphrasing the given statement)

• express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion

• express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing opinion

• explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion

• make a conclusion restating your position

Текст Hogmanay с переводом.

Hogmanay
Канун нового года

In Scotland, the New Year’s Eve celebration is called Hogmanay which means ‘new morning’ in Celtic. It is surely the most exciting celebration of the year.	В Шотландии канун нового года называется словом Hogmanay, что в переводе с кельтского значит “новое утро”. Несомненно, это самый восхитительный праздник года.
Preparations for the celebrations start early on December 31st. People clean their houses and throw out old unwanted things. They also bake special shortbread biscuits and a rich fruit cake called ‘Black Bun’, to share with family and friends on the big day.	Подготовка к празднованиям начинается рано утром 31-го декабря. Люди убираются в домах и выбрасывают ненужные вещи. Они также пекут особые песочные печенья и богатый фруктовый пирог, который называется ‘Black Bun’ (дословно “Черная булка”), который съедается в кругу семьи и друзей в праздничный (дословно: большой) день.
On the night of Hogmanay there are live concerts and fabulous carnivals in the streets of all Scottish towns. A lot of excited people get dressed up in colourful costumes. In some cities there is also a long torchlight procession through the streets that crowds watch excitedly. As soon as the bells chime twelve, everyone kisses and heartily wishes each other a Happy New Year. Then people join hands and proudly sing the traditional song ‘Auld Lang Syne’. After that, there is a stunning fireworks display which is the icing on the cake. On 1st January people visit friends and neighbours to wish them luck for the New Year.	В канун нового года устраиваются живые концерты и сказочные карнавалы на улицах всех Шотландских городов. Много радостных людей одеваются в разноцветные костюмы. В некоторых городах устраивается шествие с фонарями по улицам, за которым с интересом наблюдают толпы людей. Как только колокола пробивают двенадцать, все целуются и желают друг другу счастливого нового года. Потом люди берутся за руки и с гордостью поют традиционную песню ‘Auld Lang Syne’ (дословно: Доброе Старое Время). После этого устраивается поразительный фейерверк, который является изюминкой торжества (досл.: сахарной глазурью на торте). 1-го января люди посещают друзей и соседей, чтобы пожелать им удачи в новом году.
Hogmanay is certainly a great celebration. People feel happy to be with friends and family and look forward to a good year full of success.	Канун нового года – это, конечно же, большой праздник. Люди чувствуют себя счастливыми от того, что они находятся вместе с друзьями и семьей, и с нетерпением ждут хорошего года полного успеха.

Источник: Spotlight, 9 класс