Invention of computer егэ ответы - Помощь в подготовке к экзаменам и поступлению


Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами В11-В16 соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения. TEST 01 (part 2)

Invention of Computer

B11	Many encyclopedias say that the first computer was developed by Howard H. Aiken (and his team) in America between 1939 and 1944. It was a large-scale, programme-controlled machine which could make a very complex ……………………….	CALCULATE
B12	However, after World War II an important ……………………… was made that the first computer was, in fact, made in Germany in 1941 by Konrad Zuce.	DISCOVER
B13	Later Konrad Zuce founded a company in order to build computers that could be used by an engineer or a ……………………….	SCIENCE
B14	Konrad Zuce also developed the first real programming language, which shows an amazing……………………… to today’s most advanced computer languages.	SIMILAR
B15	Unfortunately, the role of this man, who was years ahead of his time, is still ……………………… to many people.	KNOWN
B16	Maybe for the ’Official’ history of computers it is ……………………… to accept that Konrad Zuce was on the wrong side of World War II.	POSSIBLE

[youtube_advanced url=»https://youtu.be/UeNvP3xyIuU» width=»650″ height=»364″ responsive=»no» autohide=»yes»]


Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами В11-В16 соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения. TEST 02 (part 2)

Invention of Bubble Gum

B11	Bubble gum is a type of chewing gum that is especially designed for blowing bubbles. It is ……………………… pink in colour and has a particular flavour.	USUAL
B12	In 1928 it was invented by Walter E. Diemer who worked for the Fleer Chewing Gum Company in Philadelphia. In his spare time Diemer was trying new gum recipes and, by accident, invented a ……………………… gum.	DIFFER
B13	It was less ……………………… than regular chewing gum and it stretched more easily.	STICK
B14	When Walter Diemer, who was 23 years old at that time, saw the bubbles, produced by his new gum, he saw the ……………………… of making money.	POSSIBLE
B15	He took the gum, which he had given the name Dubble Bubble, to the nearby grocery store and made a ……………………… to the salesmen to show the extraordinary features of his gum.	DEMONSTRATIVE
B16	The new gum was very ……………………… and popular with customers. Although Diemer never received a patent for his invention, he sold the recipe to his company and became a senior vice president.	SUCCESS


Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами В11-В16 соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения. TEST 03 (part 2)

Invention of Crossword Puzzle

B11	Crossword puzzles are the most popular word puzzles in the world. However, their history is ……………………… short.	REAL
B12	They were created in the 19th century in England, but the ……………………… of the first published crossword puzzle took place in 1913 in the New York World newspaper.	APPEAR
B13	The author of the puzzle was Arthur Wynne, a ……………………… born in Liverpool, England.	JOURNAL
B14	Wynne’s crossword puzzle looked much ……………………… from the crosswords used today and had no black squares.	DIFFER
B15	At first, only the New York World published such puzzles every week. But in 1924 the first collection of World puzzles was printed in book form and crossword puzzles immediately gained ……………………….	POPULAR
B16	A major breakthrough in crossword puzzle development came with the personal computer. Although many computer specialists used to say that it was ……………………… for computer to create a crossword puzzle, software was developed which allows any person to construct their own crossword puzzles.	POSSIBLE


Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами В11-В16 соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения. TEST 04 (part 2)

Migrating Birds

B11	In autumn you can see large flocks of birds flying from Russia to warmer countries. In spring, they come back to us. Migration is the periodic seasonal ……………………… of birds.	MOVE
B12	The main routes connect Europe and Africa, Europe and South-Eastern Asia and Australia, North and South America. How do we know about these routes? ……………………… study birds. They catch birds, place small bands with numbers on the birds’ legs and let them fly away. Some of these banded birds are caught again. The band tells about the route.	SCIENCE
B13	Some birds fly very ……………………… and they can feed on the wing. They migrate in the daytime.	QUICK
B14	Swallows and swifts do this. Cuckoos fly during the night and rest and feed during the day. Swimming birds can fly both during the day and night, in complete ……………………….	DARK
B15	How long can birds fly for without a stop? The tiny hummingbird weighs only about as much as a small coin. But it has ……………………… wings.	POWER
B16	It flies 1,000 km across the Gulf of Mexico to the southern coast of the United States in 24 hours without a stop! You may think it ………………………, but other small birds can fly non-stop for up to 90 hours!	POSSIBLE


Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами В11-В16 соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения. TEST 05 (part 2)

The Least Successful Explorer

B11	Thomas Nuttall spent many years studying the plants and trees in north-west America. He was different from most other explorers because he was almost always lost. One night he did not come back and a group went out to search for him. When Nuttall heard them in the ………………………, he was frightened.	DARK
B12	You may think it ………………………, but he believed that they were Indians and tried to escape.	POSSIBLE
B13	Getting more and more angry, Nuttall’s ……………………… chased him for three days through the forest and across rivers until he accidentally arrived back at their tents.	SERVE
B14	Another day the ……………………… was lost again. He was walking for many hours, he felt very tired, so he lay down to rest.	SCIENCE
B15	An Indian found him lying there. Nuttall did not look dangerous. In fact, he looked quite helpless. The Indian felt sorry for him and decided not to kill him. Instead, the strong-built ……………………… man picked the explorer up and carried him three miles to the river.	POWER
B16	The least successful explorer was ……………………… brought back to his camp in a boat.	SAFE


Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами В11-В16 соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения. TEST 01 (part 2)

Invention of Computer

B11	Many encyclopedias say that the first computer was developed by Howard H. Aiken (and his team) in America between 1939 and 1944. It was a large-scale, programme-controlled machine which could make a very complex calculation.	CALCULATE
B12	However, after World War II an important discovery was made that the first computer was, in fact, made in Germany in 1941 by Konrad Zuce.	DISCOVER
B13	Later Konrad Zuce founded a company in order to build computers that could be used by an engineer or a scientist.	SCIENCE
B14	Konrad Zuce also developed the first real programming language, which shows an amazing similarity to today’s most advanced computer languages.	SIMILAR
B15	Unfortunately, the role of this man, who was years ahead of his time, is still unknown to many people.	KNOWN
B16	Maybe for the ’Official’ history of computers it is impossible to accept that Konrad Zuce was on the wrong side of World War II.	POSSIBLE


Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами В11-В16 соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения. TEST 01 (part 2)

Invention of Bubble Gum

B11	Bubble gum is a type of chewing gum that is especially designed for blowing bubbles. It is usually pink in colour and has a particular flavour.	USUAL
B12	In 1928 it was invented by Walter E. Diemer who worked for the Fleer Chewing Gum Company in Philadelphia. In his spare time Diemer was trying new gum recipes and, by accident, invented a different gum.	DIFFER
B13	It was less sticky than regular chewing gum and it stretched more easily.	STICK
B14	When Walter Diemer, who was 23 years old at that time, saw the bubbles, produced by his new gum, he saw the possibility of making money.	POSSIBLE
B15	He took the gum, which he had given the name Dubble Bubble, to the nearby grocery store and made a demonstration to the salesmen to show the extraordinary features of his gum.	DEMONSTRATIVE
B16	The new gum was very successful and popular with customers. Although Diemer never received a patent for his invention, he sold the recipe to his company and became a senior vice president.	SUCCESS


Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами В11-В16 соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения. TEST 03 (part 2)

Invention of Crossword Puzzle

B11	Crossword puzzles are the most popular word puzzles in the world. However, their history is really short.	REAL
B12	They were created in the 19th century in England, but the appearance of the first published crossword puzzle took place in 1913 in the New York World newspaper.	APPEAR
B13	The author of the puzzle was Arthur Wynne, a journalist born in Liverpool, England.	JOURNAL
B14	Wynne’s crossword puzzle looked much different from the crosswords used today and had no black squares.	DIFFER
B15	At first, only the New York World published such puzzles every week. But in 1924 the first collection of World puzzles was printed in book form and crossword puzzles immediately gained popularity.	POPULAR
B16	A major breakthrough in crossword puzzle development came with the personal computer. Although many computer specialists used to say that it was impossible for computer to create a crossword puzzle, software was developed which allows any person to construct their own crossword puzzles.	POSSIBLE


Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами В11-В16 соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения. TEST 04 (part 2)

Migrating Birds

B11	In autumn you can see large flocks of birds flying from Russia to warmer countries. In spring, they come back to us. Migration is the periodic seasonal movement of birds.	MOVE
B12	The main routes connect Europe and Africa, Europe and South-Eastern Asia and Australia, North and South America. How do we know about these routes? Scientists study birds. They catch birds, place small bands with numbers on the birds’ legs and let them fly away. Some of these banded birds are caught again. The band tells about the route.	SCIENCE
B13	Some birds fly very quickly and they can feed on the wing. They migrate in the daytime.	QUICK
B14	Swallows and swifts do this. Cuckoos fly during the night and rest and feed during the day. Swimming birds can fly both during the day and night, in complete darkness.	DARK
B15	How long can birds fly for without a stop? The tiny hummingbird weighs only about as much as a small coin. But it has powerful wings.	POWER
B16	It flies 1,000 km across the Gulf of Mexico to the southern coast of the United States in 24 hours without a stop! You may think it impossible, but other small birds can fly non-stop for up to 90 hours!	POSSIBLE


Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами В11-В16 соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения. TEST 05 (part 2)

The Least Successful Explorer

B11	Thomas Nuttall spent many years studying the plants and trees in north-west America. He was different from most other explorers because he was almost always lost. One night he did not come back and a group went out to search for him. When Nuttall heard them in the darkness, he was frightened.	DARK
B12	You may think it impossible, but he believed that they were Indians and tried to escape.	POSSIBLE
B13	Getting more and more angry, Nuttall’s servants chased him for three days through the forest and across rivers until he accidentally arrived back at their tents.	SERVE
B14	Another day the scientist was lost again. He was walking for many hours, he felt very tired, so he lay down to rest.	SCIENCE
B15	An Indian found him lying there. Nuttall did not look dangerous. In fact, he looked quite helpless. The Indian felt sorry for him and decided not to kill him. Instead, the strong-built powerful man picked the explorer up and carried him three miles to the river.	POWER
B16	The least successful explorer was safely brought back to his camp in a boat.	SAFE

Источник

Задание №7601.
Грамматика и лексика. ЕГЭ по английскому

Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Invention of Computer

Many encyclopedias say that the first computer was developed by Howard H. Aiken (and his team) in America between 1939 and 1944. It was a large-scale, programme-controlled machine which could make a very complex ___ (CALCULATE).

Решение:

Invention of Computer

Изобретение компьютера

Во многих энциклопедиях говорится, что первый компьютер был разработан Говардом Х. Эйкеном (и его командой) в Америке между 1939 и 1944 годами. машина с программным управлением, способная производить очень сложные вычисления.

Показать ответ

Источник: ЕГЭ-2012: Английский язык. Авт.-сост. М.В. Вербицкая

Сообщить об ошибке

Тест с похожими заданиями

Источник

Many
encyclopedias say that the first computer was developed by Howard
H. Aiken (and his team) in America between 1939 and 1944. It was a
large-scale, programme-controlled machine which could make a very
complex (1)……….

However,
after World War II an important (2)………
was made that the first computer was, in fact, made in Germany in
1941 by Konrad Zuce.

Later
Konrad Zuce founded a company in order to build computers that
could be used by an engineer or a (3)……….

Konrad
Zuce also developed the first real programming language, which
shows an amazing (4)………
to today’s most advanced computer languages.

Unfortunately,
the role of this man, who was years ahead of his time, is still
(5)………
to many people.

Maybe
for the ‘official’ history of computers it is (6)………
to accept that Konrad Zuce was on the wrong side of World War II.

CALCULATE

DISCOVER

SCIENCE

SIMILAR

KNOWN

POSSIBLE

6. Read the text. Choose which word (a, b, c or d) best fits each space. The qualities of great children’s films

Some
children’s films are forgettable and formulaic, but the best of
them (1)………
audiences of every age with intense cinematic experiences. ‘The
great children’s films are the ones adults love too, that everybody
loves,’ says Catherine Des Forges of the Independent Cinema Office.
They really engage you. They make you laugh, they make you cry, they
take you into their world and you come out thinking differently.’

So
what are the qualities that (2)………
for truly great children’s cinema? All great children’s films
have dynamic narratives, unforgettable characters and emotional
power. Often, they deal with dark (3)………
matter – especially separation and the anxieties it entails. In
many of these films, a young character is dramatically parted from an
older, stronger protector – a wrenching scene that leaves audiences
in (4)……….

‘If
you think about the lives children (5)………,’
says Des Forges, ‘they’re influenced by a lot of the same things
adults are, like bereavement and loss, loneliness and violence. I
think the best children’s films deal with that in a way that’s
comprehensible even to quite young audiences.’

Of
course, great children’s cinema can move the mind (6)………
as the heart. Some deal with the biggest, most complex questions: Who
are we? How do we know what we know? What’s our purpose and place
in this world?

Humour
is vital too, though it’s essential to avoid the kind of
self-conscious irony which prevents an emotional response. The best
ones work because we know that behind all the jokes, the main
characters care about each other. (7)………
all, a great children’s film must have sincerity. It must say: ‘I
want you to care about these characters.’

A)
allow

A)
make

A)
topic

A)
howls

A)
run

A)
in addition

A)
Above

B)
provide

B)
stand

B)
subject

B)
drips

B)
conduct

B)
together

B)
More

C)
offer

C)
put

C)
theme

C)
cries

C)
lead

C)
as well

C)
Over

D)
deliver

D)
go

D)
issue

D)
tears

D)
hold

D)
besides

D)
Upon

Соседние файлы в предмете Английский язык

Источник

Текст перевести:
Text 3. THE FIRST ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS
1. The ENIAC (1943-1946)
The first all-electronic computer, the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC) was developed at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering of the University of Pennsylvania. It was developed as a result of a military need. J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly proposed the machine to solve the problem of calculating firing tables for new weapons.
The ENIAC weighed 90 tons, its 18,000 vacuum tubes demanded 140 kilowatts of electric power. Although it was fully electronic, the ENIAC had two major shortcomings: it could store and manipulate only a very limited amount of information, and its programs were wired on board. Since its programs were hardwired — that is, the programs operating the computer were established by physically changing the patterns of the wires interconnecting the vacuum tubes — the machine was not so flexible in operation. These limitations made it difficult to detect errors and to change the programs. And yet, the project was successful and the ENIAC was used for many years to solve ballistic problems.
2. The EDVAC (1946-1952)
Although the idea of an automatic computing engine occurred first to Charles Babbage in 1832, it was more than a century later, in 1945, that John von Neumann set out the principles that fixed the pattern of computer design. Dr. John von Neumann, professor of mathematics at the Prinston Institute of Advanced Study, together with P. Eckert, J. Mauchly and Goldstine became a project member of a new improved computer, the Electronic Discrete Variable Computer (EDVAC).
Von Neumann was a major contributor to the project as he developed the concept of storing instructions as well as data in the memory of the computer. As a result it became possible to replace the writing board, which so seriously handicapped the operation of the ENIAC. Von Neumann is also given a share of the credit for introducing the idea of storing both instructions and data in a binary code instead of decimal numbers or human-readable words.
3. The UNIVACI (1951)
P. Eckert and J. Mauchly left the EDVAC project to form their own company and built the UNIVAC I computer. UNIVAC stands for UNIVersal Automatic Computer. The first UNIVAC was installed in the Census Bureau in 1951, and it was used continuously for 10 years. From the University laboratories the computer finally entered the wider world in 1951 with the invention of first UNIVAC I. It was the first digital computer which was not “one of a kind,” it was produced in quantity. In 1952 IBM (International Business Machine) introduced the 701 commercial computer. Although limited in storage capacity by modern standards, the 701 could add a column of 10-digit numbers as tall as the Empire State Building in one second. Very soon improved models of the UNIVAC I and other 701-series machines were introduced. In 1953 IBM produced the IBM 650, which used a magnetic drum for storage and was popular with business and science.

Источник

Задание 27 на подготовку к ЕГЭ по английскому. В тексте имеются пропуски слов. Для каждого пропуска даны несколько вариантов. Определите, какой вариант верный.

ЗаданиеОтвет

The Changing World of Computers

Computers are rapidly changing the way we do things. For a technology that is still relatively new, their AFFECT / ROLE / IMPACT / VALUE on the business and consumer sector has been incomprehensible. As if it was not sufficient to own one computer, many people nowadays have a few of them. We think we need a desktop computer, a laptop computer, and a bunch of little computers in our phones and music players, even THOUGH / NOW / SO / AS they actually do the same thing. Now that everybody has their desktops and laptops, and we are all able to REGISTER / LOG / CONNECT / ACCESS the Internet anytime we want to, our world has turned into a virtual playground. We can now connect with our foreign neighbours in a matter of seconds, REGARDLESS / REGARDING / IN SPITE / DESPITE of how far away they are from us. It’s as if we no longer have borders in this highly digital world of ours.

Desktops have always been a great option, but the problem with them is that they are not mobile. They have all the QUALITIES / SKILLS / CAPABILITIES / TRAITS of other computers, but it can be annoying at times to have to sit in the same spot while working. For businesses and personal offices, desktop computers are still the favoured option because of their power. But when people have to be connected while travelling, the need for laptops really becomes apparent. The main advantage of laptops is the ability to communicate with people no TROUBLE / MATTER / DOUBT / PROBLEM where you are. Our society has been converted into one that has to have all the latest gadgets. Some people even TURN / FALL / COME / LOOK down on others if they still have last year’s model of some gadget. Those people will always be behind the curve just because of how fast technology is advancing now.

The Changing World of Computers

Computers are rapidly changing the way we do things. For a technology that is still relatively new, their IMPACT on the business and consumer sector has been incomprehensible. As if it was not sufficient to own one computer, many people nowadays have a few of them. We think we need a desktop computer, a laptop computer, and a bunch of little computers in our phones and music players, even THOUGH they actually do the same thing. Now that everybody has their desktops and laptops, and we are all able to ACCESS the Internet anytime we want to, our world has turned into a virtual playground. We can now connect with our foreign neighbours in a matter of seconds, REGARDLESS of how far away they are from us. It’s as if we no longer have borders in this highly digital world of ours.

Desktops have always been a great option, but the problem with them is that they are not mobile. They have all the CAPABILITIES of other computers, but it can be annoying at times to have to sit in the same spot while working. For businesses and personal offices, desktop computers are still the favoured option because of their power. But when people have to be connected while travelling, the need for laptops really becomes apparent. The main advantage of laptops is the ability to communicate with people no MATTER where you are. Our society has been converted into one that has to have all the latest gadgets. Some people even LOOK down on others if they still have last year’s model of some gadget. Those people will always be behind the curve just because of how fast technology is advancing now.

Источник

1) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

The invention of video games

Do you know the story behind the invention of video games? Here is the story of the ___ (ONE) video game.

2) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

If you ___ (READ) this article in 2013, you probably imagine video games as we know them now. Nowadays we are used to online games full of colour and action.

3) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

However, the story about the invention of video games dates back to the 1940s and to a patent registered by the US patent office. The invention patent ___ (CALL) : “The cathode ray tube amusement.”

4) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

It was very primitive by today’s standards but has given the inspiration for many video games created ___ (LATE).

5) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Grandma

My grandma often comes to us to babysit my sister, Ann. Yesterday she was tired after a full day of looking after an active five-year-old, but she ___ (NOT WANT) to upset Ann and agreed to play ball in the backyard after supper.

6) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

After 5 minutes, she ___ (SIT) down on a patio chair and said, “Grandma is too old for this.”

7) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Ann came over, put her arm around Grandma’s neck and said, “Grandma, I wish you ___ (BE) newer.”

Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Cyberspace communication

Nowadays most of us go to our computers to connect with friends instead of using our phones. Cyberspace relationships have become the norm for many people, even the most ___ (CONSERVE) ones.

9) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

The convenience and ___ (EFFECTIVE) of the Web is amazing. If we want to see a movie, find a place to eat or get in touch with a friend, we go to the Web before we call on the phone.

10) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Critics, however, say that cyberspace communication loses some important factors of the social atmosphere. Most Web ___ (USE) don’t understand that when we talk to someone, we get many messages from them just by their tone of voice and body language.

11) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

A tender ___ (EXPRESS) and eye contact cannot possibly be experienced over the Internet.

12) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

As with anything we do, without regular practice the act can become unfamiliar and ___ (COMFORT).

13) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

There is a possibility that much can be ___ (REAL) lost when we communicate via the Internet.

14) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Consuela

Victor Rosenheim, an American banker, was Consuela’s third husband. At first ___ they looked happy. The gossip columns, however, were suggesting that the former Colombian model was already searching for the next husband. The Rosenheims flew into London from their home in New York. The purpose of their trip was twofold.

1) look
2) glimpse
3) sight
4) view

15) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

There was always the chance that Mr. Rosenheim would take over a small merchant bank, while Mrs. Rosenheim intended to occupy her time looking ___ a suitable birthday present – for herself.

1) at
2) for
3) into
4) after

16) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

___ people have been able to discover exactly which birthday Consuela would officially be celebrating.

1) Much
2) Little
3) Many
4) Few

17) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

After a sleepless night, Victor Rosenheim ___ to get up early for an important meeting in the City, while Consuela remained in bed toying with her breakfast.

1) achieved
2) fulfilled
3) managed
4) succeeded

18) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

After breakfast Consuela ___ a couple of phone calls and then she disappeared into the bathroom. Fifty minutes later she emerged from her suite dressed in a pink Chanel suit. She stepped out of the hotel and into the morning sun to begin her search for the birthday present.

1) took
2) made
3) did
4) held

19) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

She spent some time in Asprey’s considering the latest slimline watches, a gold statue of a tiger with jade eyes and a Faberge egg. She ___ that her close friend, Tina, was not with her, she needed her advice badly.

1) regretted
2) apologized
3) disappointed
4) dissatisfied

20) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

From there she walked to a ___ shop, which despite a determined salesman who showed her almost everything the shop had to offer, she still left empty-handed.

1) next
2) near
3) nearby
4) close

Представлено сочинение на английском языке Изобретение компьютера/ Invention of Computer с переводом на русский язык.

Invention of Computer	Изобретение компьютера
A computer is an electronic device that can perform different calculating operations. With the help of a computer we can do the following things: to go to the Internet, to print texts, to watch films or to listen to music, to do mathematic calculations, to play games, to do different kinds of jobs, to draw, to compose music, to create movies and so on and so forth!	Компьютер — это электронное устройство, которое способно выполнять какие-либо вычислительные операции. С помощью компьютера мы можем делать такие вещи, как: выходить в интернет, печатать тексты, смотреть фильмы или слушать музыку, выполнять математические расчёты, играть в игры, работать по сотням специальностям, рисовать, писать музыку, создавать фильмы и многое, многое другое!
Since a computer is a quite complicated device it’s hard to say who and when invented it and the way we understand the device it looks like there were lots of things that can be called a computer. Thus, for example, in 1801 Joseph Marie Jacquard invented a weaving machine that was programmed and in 1927 Vannevar Bush invented a mechanic analogue computer.	Из-за того, что понятие, что такое компьютер, довольно расплывчатое, крайне сложно сказать, кто и когда изобрёл компьютер, в нашем понимании этого слова, так как устройств, подходящих под значение «компьютер» было очень много. Так, например, в 1801 году Жозеф Мари Жаккар изобрёл ткацкий станок с программным управлением, а в 1927 году Вэниваром Бушем был изобретён механический аналоговый компьютер.

But I believe that these are only prototypes of the modern computers. So in 1941 a German inventor Konrad Zuse created the first computer called Z3 which is the best definition of a computer. In 1943 British computer Colossus was made that could be call a computer as well. And finally in 1944 in the USA a group of scientists that was led by Howard Aiken created a computer called Mark I. All three of these inventions are considered the first computers.	Но это, по моему мнению, всё же прототипы современных компьютеров. Итак, в 1941 году немец Конрад Цузе создал первую вычислительную машину под названием Z3, которая больше всего подходит под определение компьютера. В 1943 году была построена британская вычислительная машина Colossus, которую тоже можно назвать компьютером. И, наконец, в 1944 году в США, учёные под руководством Говарда Эйкена, изобрели вычислительную машину под названием Марк I. Все эти три изобретения считаются одними из первых изобретением компьютера.
In the USSR there are also several computer inventors. In 1948 I. Bruk and B. Rameev demonstrated their digital computer and in 1950 Lebedev together with other scientists showed their ECM.	В СССР есть тоже несколько изобретателей компьютера. В 1948 году И. Брук и Б. Рамеев представили цифровую электронную вычислительную машину, а в 1950 году Лебедев, вместе с другими учёными, представил свою ЭВМ.

The twenty first century is a century of technologies, computers and technology. It is well-known that the computer has become one of the main ways of getting information. Some people can’t live without it, but other thinks computers have a bad influence. Whose opinion is right?

My point of view is the following. Firstly, the computer informs us about various things. Secondly, you can travel to different countries and at the same time sitting in front of a computer screen. It is very comfortable. Thirdly, you can use a distance learning. This is a great leap of progress.

But some people are against computers. Firstly, they thought that we can work without computers, because it breaks our eyesight. Secondly, we get a lot of unnecessary information, for example — a promotion. It distracts when you are so busy.

But I do not agree with this people. To preserve the health, you should: firstly, ventilate the room; secondly, take a timeout. That you do not get useless information, you can change the computer tuner.

All in all, I want to say that I am for computers. I believe that computers can materially do our work easier and make people more educated. Our future is in our hands.

Двадцать первый век является веком технологий, компьютеров, техники. Хорошо известно, что компьютер стал одним из основных способов получения информации. Некоторые люди не могут жить без этого изобретения, но другие считают, что компьютеры имеют плохое влияние. Какое мнение правильное?

Моя точка зрения состоит в следующем. Во-первых, это сообщает нам о разных вещах. Во-вторых, с помощью компьютера мы можем делать такие произведения, как тяжело вручную. В-третьих, вы можете путешествовать в разные страны и то же время сидя напротив экрана компьютера. Это очень удобно. Кстати, вы можете использовать дистанционное обучение. Это большой скачок прогресса.

Но некоторые люди против компьютеров. Во-первых, они думали, что мы можем обойтись без компьютеров, потому что портят наше зрение. Во-вторых, мы получаем много ненужной информации, например, — реклама. Это отвлекает, когда вы заняты.

Но я не согласна с этими людьми. Чтобы ваше здоровье не испортилось, вы должны: во-первых, проветривать комнаты. Во-вторых, делать перерывы. Чтобы вы не получите бесполезной информации вы можете изменить настройки компьютера.

В целом я хочу сказать, что я за компьютеры. Я считаю, что компьютеры могут существенно делать нашу работу легче и сделать людей более образованными. Наше будущее в наших руках.

UNIT
3. COMPUTERS

Pre-reading
task. Match the words to their translations:

invention появляться

sophisticated управлять

advancements упрощать

appear
быть
способным

manageable
запустить
в
производство

internal
memory изобретение

simplify
сложный

handle полезный

to
be capable вход

requirement
достижения

launch
существовать

improve
управляемый

beneficial
сила

enter
улучшать

power
требование

Read and translate the text:

Personal
computers are now commonplace in most homes throughout the world, and
are relied on heavily by both individuals and businesses. The
invention of the computer is relatively new, emerging into our lives
relatively late in the 20th century. The technology to build such
intricate and sophisticated systems was simply not available prior to
this, though advancements in microelectronics made the vision of a
computer a realistic one. The two innovations in electronics which
allowed for this were the integrated circuit, which was manufactured
in 1959, and the microprocessor, which appeared in 1971. The
integrated circuit allowed the internal memory solutions to be
shrunken down into manageable components, whereas the microprocessor
reduced the size of a central processing unit down to a single chip.

The
microprocessor revolutionised electronics as we know it, a small
silicon chip which can process thousands of simultaneous
calculations, and replace the need for thousands of independent
transistors. Developed by Ted Hoff, in California, part of the Intel
Corporation, the microprocessor opened up new opportunities for
machines, as the processor itself was capable of handling large flows
of data, performing logical calculations and almost behaving with
intelligence.

The
first desktop computer system was manufactured for person use in
1974, The computer was termed Altair, and retailed for as little as
$400. It became extremely popular and everyone tried to sample this
new machine. This led to a whole host of computers being developed by
other companies, or by young ambitious entrepreneurs. The first well
known and reputable company to produce their own computer was Tandy
Corporation, which launched its own model in 1977. This model proved
a hit, and became the most popular of the computers on the market at
that time for two main reasons. It included a keyboard, to improve
input, and also included a cathode ray tube to provide a CTR monitor.
It also allowed information to be stored on cassette tapes, and was
also programmable.

A
couple of engineers, Stephen Wozniack and Steven Jobs, then began
their own business venture which would become known as Apple
Computers. The pair manufactured the Apple I, which was a homemade
microprocessor, from Jobs’ parents’ garage of all places. The Apple I
was then marketed to the public and was later sold to electronics
enthusiasts and hobbyists. This led to the creation of Apple
Computer, Inc., and in April, 1977, the Apple II was launched, the
world’s first personal computer system. The system was designed
exclusively by the Apple team and included a keyboard and most
notably colour graphics. The Apple II retailed at $1290.

Apple
introduced brand new features to its computer system, expandable
memory, disk-drive systems, improved data storage, and the
aforementioned colour graphics. Apple Computers became the fastest
growing business in American business history, with rival companies
being set up as a result of Apple’s huge success.

1981
saw IBM introduce their model of microcomputer, generically named the
IBM PC. 32-bit computers were revealed, which allowed for enough
power to prove beneficial in a small to medium business environment.

Users
work was simplified with the development of the Grafic User
Interface. The GUI, replaced the requirement of entering complex
commands, and brought in a much simpler ‘point and click’ strategy.
Douglas Engelbart created an «X-Y Position Indicator for a
Display System»: which effectively became the «mouse»,
which has obviously has remained a standard with modern day PC’s.
Voice recognition software now exists to rival mouse input, and
computer technology continues to grow, which opens up exciting ideas
for the not so distant future of computers.

The
invention of the computer was clearly one of the most
revolutionary
inventions
for the business world.

Obviously
one of the great inventions of our time has been the computer. Today,
billions use computers in their daily life. While the first computers
were extremely large and took up entire rooms, today, computers are
extremely small and can not only fit on your desktop, but in your
phone and on chips the size of grains of rice. Throughout the years,
the computer has evolved from an extremely expensive, cumbersome and
slow device to today’s extremely smart and quick machines with
incredible processing power.

Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]

Андрей Богатов

Ученик

(55),
закрыт

9 лет назад

COMPUTERS: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
1. Computer is known to have been a very useful invention of the ХХ
century. Computers make our everyday lives easier. One of the main
advantages of computers seems to save time. Stored information can
be easily found at the touch of a button, people doing their work much
faster than they could in the past. We know computers to save a lot of
storage space. One computer disc, for instance, can hold the same
amount of information as several books.
2. Computers can be used for education and fun. Children can get
basic computer skills through programs that allow them to learn, draw,
paint and play. In today’s technological world, this knowledge can
only help them in the future. However, computers turned out to have
various negative aspects. Many jobs have been lost as computers can
do a lot of tasks more efficiently than people. This has led to high
unemployment rate in many countries. Moreover, endless hours in
front of a computer screen can cause health problems: eye fatigue and
headaches.
3. There are people who claim that computers are unnecessary and
make our lives more complicated. They think that we have become
too dependent on computers.
4. Computers seem to be a useful contribution to our fast-moving
world. If there had been no computers a lot of highly technological
achievements would have been impossible. Computers having
changed our lives for better, there is no reason why we should not
make them work to our advantage. However, it must be remembered that they
are here to serve us– not to replace us.

Источник

6. Read the text. Choose which word (a, b, c or d) best fits each space. The qualities of great children’s films

Read and translate the text: