1) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
New Zealand: history
What do you know about the history of New Zealand? Maoris were the ___ (ONE) inhabitants of New Zealand, arriving to the islands in about 1000. Maori oral history maintains that the Maoris came to the island in seven canoes from other parts of Polynesia.
2) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
In 1642, New Zealand ___ (EXPLORE) by Abel Tasman, a Dutch navigator.
3) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
British captain James Cook made three voyages to the islands, ___ (BEGIN) in 1769. Britain formally annexed the islands in 1840.
4) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Kite fighting
Have you ever heard of kite fighting? Kite fighting is a highly competitive sport traditionally ___ (PLAY) in India, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Thailand, and South America.
5) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Each player hopes to get his or her kite to fly ___ (HIGH). The players try to cut their opponents’ kite strings with sharp objects imbedded in their kites.
6) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
___ (START) in the late 1990s, kite fighting gained popularity in the USA and is now practiced throughout the country, with an annual championship competition held in Washington state.
Kite fighting is done in many countries and rules vary. In general, two or more contestants fly their kites and the person who cuts the opponents line wins the fight. Most fighter kites are flown with an abrasive line and some with knives attached to the tail, line, or kite. Kite running has become very popular as a result of these fights. In kite running, groups of people run after and catch kites that have been cut loose in battles with other kites.
There are other factors in who will win the event which include the size and quality of the kite, the quality and abrasiveness of the line, the quality and size of the spool, the spool handler, the skill of the person flying the kite, and the wind conditions.
The abrasive materials used in kite fighting have evolved to become sharper. Rather than using the traditional cotton string, kite fighters are using synthetic materials with metallic or even chemical abrasive compounds. Because of reported accidents involving the injury and deaths of animals and humans, many countries have set limits to the abrasiveness of the lines.
- What are some essential winning points of kite fighting?
- What is one way to cut down an opponent’s kite?
- Which of the following is true?
- Why have some countries started monitoring the abrasiveness of the kite line’s abrasiveness?
- What is a kite runner?
a) For participant’s to have the most well-built kite
b) To cut down an opponent’s kite
c) To fly one’s kite with upmost skill
d) All of the above
a) Manipulate one’s string so it slices the other’s kite or string
b) To cut the other’s string with a knife the participant hides in their clothing
c) To tamper with an opponent’s kite
d) None of the above
a) The handling of the spool doesn’t matter
b) Only 2 kite handlers can compete at a given time
c) Kite fighting isn’t the same in every country
d) None of the above
a) To become more uniform with other countries
b) Because people have gotten hurt
c) To make it more fair
d) None of the above
a) Someone who chases cut kites
b) Someone who participates in the cutting down of kites that are fighting
c) A spectator of the kite fights who keeps a score on who is winning
d) A judge of the kite fights who decides on the winner
Куда только не заводят разработчиков видеоигр фантазия и стремление создавать ни на что не похожие проекты. На сей раз, неординарное мышление студии Gameshastra добралось и до милых, безобидных воздушных змеев, которых все мы так любили запускать в небо, будучи ещё детьми. Взяв за основу столь добрую идею и разбавив её духом соперничества, индийские разработчики решили изменить наше с вами представление об этом увлекательном занятии, выпустив весьма необычную игру про бои воздушных змеев — Kite Fight.
Наверняка столь смелая идея может вызвать улыбку у искушённых в игровой индустрии игроков, ведь проект о боях воздушных змеев – это, согласитесь, забавно. При первом запуске игры хочется поскорей попробовать, что же это вообще такое, поскольку довольно-таки сложно себе представить всю реализацию этой затеи. Стоит отметить, что для игры в Kite Fight вам понадобится как минимум один контроллер движений PlayStation Move, с традиционной калибровки которого и начинается представление. Несколько привычных действий – и голубое небо с парящим змеем перед вами.
Для начала нужно пройти краткое обучение управлению и основным приёмам, которые станут залогом успеха в «боях». Как бы дико не звучало это слово в контексте всего сказанного выше, но это действительно так. Управление осуществляется при помощи контроллера движений, а для перемещения воздушного змея по небу достаточно всего лишь вращать кистью руки в разных направлениях. Виртуальная рука на экране, как и положено, держит верёвочку со змеем, так что улететь куда подальше ему точно не удастся. Изучив базовые движения, можно попробовать освоить технику нанесения повреждений воздушным змеям противника. Если кто рассчитывал на солидный арсенал оружия и прочей привычной военной атрибутики, то спешим разочаровать – ничего этого нет и в помине. Всё происходит путём скрещивания нитей, удерживающих змеев, и своего рода перетирания (перегрызания) последних, что достигается нажатием определённых кнопок на контроллере движений.
Когда нити переплетаются, появляется соответствующий звуковой сигнал, который символизирует не только о возможности проведения атаки, но и о потенциальной опасности, поскольку атаковать могут и вас. В этом случае можно либо уйти от нежелательного поединка, либо провести несколько «перегрызающих» нить противника манёвров. Например, при нажатии кнопки «Move» происходит то самое перетирание, а если зажать кнопку «Т» и сделать вращательное движение кистью руки – змей сделает такое же вращательное движение, но эффект от него будет точно таким же, что и от предыдущего приёма. Разница лишь в том, что у каждого из воздушных змеев свои характеристики, следовательно, у одних мощнее «перетирательная» атака, у других – вращательная. Какой из них пользоваться чаще – выбирать только вам.
Ещё одним приёмом является возможность делать ускорение и буквально врезаться в неприятельского змея. Для этого нужно опять же зажать «Т», при этом змей застынет на месте, а затем сделать два резких движения контроллером по направлению к себе. Пожалуй, это самая мощная атака из всех, которые имеются, но она имеет свои недостатки. Во-первых, каждый раз приходится делать немного нелепое движение, во-вторых, пока вы делаете это движение — противник трижды успеет преспокойно пролететь мимо, поэтому врезаться в него может получиться далеко не с первого раза. Хотя здесь уже немного влияет всё же выбор персонажа, если можно так назвать воздушного змея. Всего их восемь штук и открываться они будут по мере прохождения турнира.
Основных параметров всего четыре: сила врезания во врага, сила перетирания нити, сила вращения змея (аналогична перетиранию) и полоска жизни. Не стоит удивляться последнему параметру, ведь именно он отвечает за то, насколько долго ваш разноцветный летун будет парить в небе. Здоровье пополнять нельзя, поэтому «хилам» из ММО можно смело проходить мимо. Прокачка характеристик также не предусмотрена, вобщем, любителям «качаться» тоже не повезло. Помимо полоски жизни есть ещё так называемая полоска способностей, которая заполняется при сбивании воздушных шариков или нанесении урона врагам. После заполнения последней появляется возможность сделать супер-приём, хотя слово «супер» звучит здесь явно как преувеличение. Для этого нужно на выбор нажать «Треугольник», «Крест» или «Квадрат». В первом случае змей превращается в огненный шар, поджигая всех к нему прикасающихся. Во втором – вокруг него образуется купол, который защищает от посторонних летающих животных и предметов. В третьем – змей наэлектризуется, и при соприкосновении с ним враги не только получают урон, но и замедляются. Собственно, вот и вся боевая система. Не густо, согласитесь.
В игре предусмотрен так называемый чемпионат, который состоит из двадцати уровней. В некоторых уровнях необходимо сбивать воздушные шарики, в некоторых – уворачиваться от различных вредоносных объектов, в остальных – делать и то и другое, а заодно сражаться с другими змеями. За каждый уровень начисляются очки и, соответственно, звёзды. Сколько звёзд за уровень вы наберёте, к сожалению, нет абсолютно никакой разницы, поскольку это хоть немного усложнило бы игру и добавило в неё элемент состязания с самим собой, а так уровни проходятся без особых проблем. После завершения турнира открывается страшный режим с грозным названием «Выживание». Лишь самые отважные смельчаки могут попробовать рискнуть пройти двадцать волн бумажной летающей нечисти в уже знакомых локациях, имея при этом три жизни в наличии. Хотя, скорее всего, сделать это вряд ли захочется, разве что «для галочки» и одного скромного серебряного трофея.
Как это ни странно, но играть в Kite Fight довольно-таки интересно. Красивые локации, которых ровно восемь, как и персонажей, расслабляющая музыка и парящие разноцветные воздушные змеи на экране – всё это создаёт хорошее настроение и заставляет отвлечься от повседневных забот. Что ещё нужно после утомительного трудового дня? Однако это только поначалу. Замечательная идея вновь разбивается о не совсем удачное воплощение, чему, помимо всего прочего, сильно способствует и весьма невнятное управление. Иногда просто невозможно понять: кто кому наносит урон и как это происходит, особенно когда нити змеев переплетаются. Остаётся лишь просто совершать уже знакомые движения и нажимать одни и те же кнопки в надежде, что хоть что-нибудь получится.
Последней надеждой на спасение оставался режим многопользовательской игры, но и здесь ждало разочарование: никаких поединков по сети, лишь игра с друзьями на одном экране. В итоге, после прохождения игры, а сделать это можно за один вечер, продолжать играть уже как-то и не хочется. Добавьте ко всему вышесказанному отсутствие реиграбельности, малую продолжительность, небольшое разнообразие врагов и невозможность прокачки змеев – всё это весьма пагубно сказывается на игровом процессе, который мог бы быть в разы интереснее. Но, как мы все с вами знаем, история не знает сослагательного наклонения.
Вердикт: Kite Fight – это не первая игра студии Gameshastra с интересной идеей, но далёким от идеала воплощением. Достаточно вспомнить игру Dare to Fly!, которая тоже имела все шансы стать неплохим проектом, но сделать это у неё, к сожалению, не получилось. Такое ощущение, что обе эти игры забросили на середине разработки и завершили только потому, что нужно было хоть как-то довести дело до конца. Правда, если не воспринимать Kite Fight как полноценную игру, закрыть глаза на все её недостатки и не ждать от неё какого-то глубокого смысла, технического превосходства и всего того, что мы привыкли видеть в большинстве проектов, то она способна подарить несколько приятных вечеров и даже вызвать улыбку от давно забытых ощущений. Мирной вам «войны без оружия».
Baseball, football, and basketball may be our favorite games, but in other countries, different sports are just as popular. Here are a few of them.
Cricket
It started in England, but now cricket is popular in many of its former colonies, especially in the West Indies and India. Like baseball, a batsman must hit a ball tossed by a pitcher (called a bowler)—except the ball must be hit on a bounce. There are usually four innings in a game. An inning ends when 10 batsmen make an out; then the fielding team gets to bat. Hundreds of runs are often scored, and games can take days to complete.
Foot Tennis
In Malaysia, this game is often played between two teams of two players each. A net is stretched at no particular height across the middle of a playing area, and a wicker ball about the size of a soccer ball is used. Players try to pass the ball back and forth over the net using only their feet, knees, and thighs. Each time the ball drops, the other team gets a point.
Hurling
This rough game is played mainly in Ireland. Players use their hands, feet, and a curved wooden stick called a hurley to advance a ball. Points are scored when the ball is either swatted between goalposts or past the goalkeeper and under the crossbar.
Jai alai
First played in the Basque region of Spain, it has spread to Mexico, France, and Italy. In jai alai, an incredibly fast-moving game, players use a two-foot-long curved basket to catch and throw a small hard ball against a 40-foot-high wall. The court, called a fronton, has three sides. Players must catch the ball on the fly or on one bounce as it caroms off any of the three walls. The ball moves up to 188 miles per hour!
Kite-Fighting
Kite-fighting is a highly competitive sport played in India, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Thailand, and South America. Each player hopes to get his or her kite to fly highest. The players try to cut their opponents’ kite strings with sharp objects imbedded in their kites. The kite that flies highest and longest wins.
Octopush
This underwater hockey game was first played in South Africa in the 1960s. The players wear skin-diving equipment, such as masks, flippers, and snorkels, in a swimming pool. With miniature hockey sticks and an ice hockey puck, the players follow all the rules of ice hockey—on the floor of the pool.
Petanque
This French game is similar to bocce, an Italian game. To start, a player throws a small wooden ball, called a jack, toward the opposite end of a long narrow rectangular-shaped court. Each team takes turns throwing a metal ball (boule) as close to the jack as possible. Points are awarded to each ball closer to the jack than the closest ball of an opponent. Strategy tip: Toss your ball in the air so it lands on an opponent’s ball, knocking it far away from the jack. Games can be set up on almost any flat stretch of ground.
Rugby
The rugby ball looks like an American football and the object is to cross the goal line with the ball or kick it between goalposts. Popular in Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand, France, and South Africa, this brutal sport is actually a lot different from our brand of football. Rugby players can kick the ball forward or run with it, but they can only pass it to teammates sideways or backwards. Tackling is a big part of the game, but rugby players wear almost no protective equipment. Ouch!
Snow-Snake
This age-old Native American sport is still played today. The “snake” is a polished wooden rod whose front end is shaped like a snake’s head. It slides at speeds of up to 100 mph down a long, curved trail in the snow. Each team gets four chances to throw the snake. The team whose snake goes the farthest wins.
Fact Monster/Information Please® Database, © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок.
1. Perfect time for a picnic
2. See them fly
3. From pig to pork
4. From a holiday to a sport
5. Diving into history
6. Famous religious celebrations
7. Animal races and shows
8. Music from every corner of the world
A. Diwali is a five-day festival that is celebrated in October or November, depending on the cycle of the moon. It represents the start of the Hindu New Year and honors the victory of good over evil, and brightness over darkness. It also marks the start of winter. Diwali is actually celebrated in honor of Lord Rama and his wife Sita. One of the best places to experience Diwali is in the «pink city» of Jaipur, in Rajasthan. Each year there’s a competition for the best decorated and most brilliantly lit up market that attracts visitors from all over India.
B. The Blossom Kite Festival, previously named the Smithsonian Kite Festival, is an annual event that is traditionally a part of the festivities at the National Cherry Blossom Festival on the National Mall in Washington, DC. Kite enthusiasts show off their stunt skills and compete for awards in over 36 categories including aerodynamics and beauty. The Kite Festival is one of the most popular annual events in Washington, DC and features kite fliers from across the U.S. and the world.
C. The annual Ostrich Festival has been recognized as one of the «Top 10 Unique Festivals in the United States» with its lanky ostriches, multiple entertainment bands and many special gift and food vendors. It is truly a unique festival, and suitable for the entire family. The Festival usually holds Ostrich Races, an Exotic Zoo, Pig Races, a Sea Lion Show, a Hot Rod Show, Amateur Boxing and a Thrill Circus.
D. Iceland’s Viking Festival takes place in mid-June every year and lasts 6 days, no matter what the weather in Iceland may be. It’s one of the most popular annual events in Iceland where you can see Viking-style costumes, musical instruments, jewelry and crafts at the Viking Village. Visitors at the Viking Festival see sword fighting by professional Vikings and demonstrations of marksmanship with bows and muscle power. They can listen to Viking songs and lectures at the festival, or grab a bite at the Viking Restaurant nearby.
E. Dragon Boat Festival is one of the major holidays in Chinese culture. This summer festival was originally a time to ward off bad spirits, but now it is a celebration of the life of Qu Yuan, who was a Chinese poet of ancient period. Dragon boat festival has been an important holiday for centuries for Chinese culture, but in recent years dragon boat racing has become an international sport.
F. The Mangalica Festival is held in early February at Vajdahunyad Castle in Budapest. It offers the opportunity to experience Hungarian food, music, and other aspects of Hungarian culture. The festival is named for a furry pig indigenous to the region of Hungary and the Balkans. A mangalica is a breed of pig recognizable by its curly hair and known for its fatty flesh. Sausage, cheese and other dishes made with pork can be sampled at the festival.
G. Hanami is an important Japanese custom and is held all over Japan in spring. Hanami literally means «viewing flowers», but now it is a cherry blossom viewing. The origin of hanami dates back to more than one thousand years ago when aristocrats enjoyed looking at beautiful cherry blossoms and wrote poems. Nowadays, people in Japan have fun viewing cherry blossoms, drinking and eating. People bring home-cooked meals, do BBQ, or buy takeout food for hanami.
Текст | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
Заголовок |
ЯЗЫКОВОЙ МАТЕРИАЛ ЕГЭ
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текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 1 – 8. Эти номера
соответствуют заданиям 1 – 8, в которых представлены
возможные варианты ответов (А, Б, В, Г). Установите соответствие номера пропуска варианту ответа.
‘It’s
Only Me’
After her husband had
gone to work, Mrs Richards sent her children to school and went
upstairs to her bedroom. She was too excited to do any
1 ______ that
morning, because in the evening she would be going to a fancy dress party
with her husband. She intended to dress up as a ghost and she had 2 ______ her
costume the night before. Now she was 3 ______ to try it on. Though
the costume consisted only of a sheet, it was very
effective. Mrs Richards put it 4 ______, looked in
the mirror, smiled and went downstairs. She wanted to find out whether it
would be 5______ to
wear.
Just
as Mrs Richards was entering the dining-room, there was
a 6 ______ on
the front door. She knew that it must be the baker. She had told him to
come straight in if ever she failed to open the door and to leave the
bread on the kitchen table. Not wanting to 7 ______ the
poor man,Mrs Richards quickly hid in the small store-room under the
stairs. She heard the front door open and heavy footsteps in the hall.
Suddenly the door of the store-room was opened and a man
entered. Mrs Richards realized that it must be the man from the
Electricity Board who had come to read the meter. She tried to 8 ______ the
situation, saying ‘It’s only me’, but it was too late. The man let out a
cry and jumped back several paces. When Mrs Richards walked
towards him, he ran away, slamming the door behind him.
1. А)
homework; Б) household; В) housework; Г) housewife
2. А)
did; Б) made; В) built; Г) created
3. А)
nervous; Б) restless; В) ill at ease; Г) impatient
4. А)
up; Б) on; В) over; Г) down
5. А)
attractive; Б) exciting; В) comfortable; Г) cozy
6. А)
knock; Б) kick; В) hit; Г) crash
7. А)
fear; Б) worry; В) disturb; Г) frighten
8. А)
describe; Б) explain; В) interpret; Г) clear
|
2853E4 |
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текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 1 – 8. Эти номера
соответствуют заданиям 1 – 8, в которых представлены
возможные варианты ответов (А, Б, В, Г). Установите соответствие номера пропуска варианту ответа.
The
Great Discovery
In ancient times
people lived on whatever food they could find. As the early people 1 ______ in
numbers, they had to wander and search for wild fruits and seeds of wild
plants or hunt for small animals.
Then one of these
early people 2 ______ a great discovery. A great
genius discovered the meaning of seeds. He may have noticed that where
some seeds had fallen on the ground, new plants grew. Perhaps he
was 3 ______ enough
to put some seeds in the ground to see what would happen. No one knows
how it happened, but man 4 ______ that if he put a seed into the
soil it could grow into a plant which might yield hundreds or even
thousands of seeds!
He was free of the
need to be in a constant 5 ______ of his food!
Early man could
now 6 ______ seeds
in the spring and wait for them to grow.
In the fall he could
gather a harvest of seeds. There would be enough to
7 ______ himself
and his family all through the winter, with some left over for planting
when spring came.
This discovery was the
beginning of 8 ______ and the most important change
that ever happened to people on earth.
1. А) decreased; Б) increased; В) developed; Г) improved
2. А) fulfilled; Б) did; В) made; Г) conducted
3. А) curious; Б) questioning; В) surprised; Г) puzzled
4. А) disclosed; Б) opened; В) discovered; Г) exposed
5. А) investigation; Б) exploration; В) look; Г) search
6. А) put; Б) plant; В) deliver; Г) lay
7. А) feed; Б) food; В) provide; Г) nourish
8. А) gardening; Б) cropping; В) cultivation; Г) farming
|
C71390 |
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текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 1 – 8. Эти номера
соответствуют заданиям 1 – 8, в которых
представлены возможные варианты ответов (А, Б, В, Г). Установите соответствие номера пропуска варианту ответа.
Light
from the Past
When you stand and
look at the stars, you are really looking at past history. The light
from Alkaid, the end star in the handle of the Big Dipper, has taken
about 210 years to 1 ______ your eyes.
If Alkaid stopped
2 ______
today, people on earth would still see it 3 ______ about 210
years. Some of the stars you see here tonight may have stopped existing
several thousand years ago. The light from some 4 ______
stars right now will not be seen on earth until thousands, or even
millions, of years from now!
It’s 5 ______
breathtaking, and it 6 ______ to the great mystery about the
nature of light. Think about water waves. They get smaller and smaller in
amplitude as they travel. Their energy is lost in friction among the
water molecules. Think of sound waves in air. They too get weaker and
weaker because of friction among the air molecules.
But light waves stop
only if they strike something, and their energy is transferred 7 ______
another form. 8 ______, they can go on and on, at the same
terrific speed, with no loss of energy, forever!
1. A)
approach; Б) reach; В) hit; Г) achieve
2. A)
burning; Б) flashing; В) blushing; Г) shining
3. A)
after; Б) through; В) for; Г) at
4. A)
farewell; Б) faraway; В) far; Г) fair
5. A)
quit; Б) quick; В) quiet; Г) quite
6. A)
enlarges; Б) increases; В) adds; Г) multiplies
7. A)
into; Б) onto; В) for; Г) at
8. A)
although; Б) otherwise; В) whatever; Г) either
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92A657 |
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соответствие номера пропуска варианту ответа.
The First Day at School
Do you remember your
first day at school? It was probably 1 ____ confusing. Now, to 2 ____
this confusion, many primary schools in England have a special teacher
who welcomes new pupils. She is 3 ____ a reception class teacher. The
children are 4 ____ with the idea of school and if they
have been good, they can’t understand why they have to go to school. They
imagine that school is optional. When the child goes to
school on his first day and watches his mother leaving he thinks that she
is deserting him. The teacher must 5 ____ him that at the end of the day his
mother will be back and take him home. The children are not the only
people that are disturbed by going to school. The teacher sometimes has
as much difficulty in 6 ____ with the mothers. They hang around
and dislike leaving the child without their protection.
The best way to 7 ____
with the situation is to get the child used to the idea of school. Before
the beginning of term, the mother should take her child to see the
teacher and to look 8 ____ the school. The first day should be
something to emphasize the regularity of school.
1. А) enough; Б) rarely; В) rather; Г) equally
2. A)
escape; Б) defeat; В) beat; Г) avoid
3. A)
named; Б) called; В) said; Г) told
4. A)
afraid; Б) threatened; В) endangered; Г) risked
5. A)
convince; Б) prove; В) explain; Г) announce
6. A)
managing; Б) guiding; В) coping; Г) handling
7. A)
face; Б) deal; В) touch; Г) consider
8. A)
through; Б) about; В) after; Г) round
|
3A99E6 |
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возможные варианты ответов (А, Б, В, Г). Установите соответствие номера
пропуска варианту ответа.
Your Future World
What will you be doing in 2025? Will
you be living in an undersea research station? Will you be the chief
engineer 1 ______ a
bridge across the Atlantic Ocean? Will you be leading an 2 ______ to
the planet Mars? Will you be …?
You can daydream, of course,
but nobody knows exactly what the world will be 3 ______.
But scientists have made some guesses.
Based on the advances
made, they believe people will be healthier. Diphtheria, malaria,
tuberculosis, polio and many other killers are under control now. These
diseases are on the way out, 4 ______ to germ-killing chemicals, new
ways of finding out about our bodies, and new ways of providing clean,
safe 5 ______ and
water.
Healthier people live
longer, so we can expect the world’s population to 6 ______ sharply.
It may double in the next forty years! This brings up a serious problem:
how will we find food, water, and minerals for such a huge population?
Scientists are at work
on some 7 ______.
From the ocean they hope to get new fertilizers to increase the yield of
the soil; new chemicals to kill crop-destroying insects without 8 ______ other
animals, new sources of water or supplies of food.
1. A) inventing; Б) designing; В)
scheming; Г) doing
2. A) exploration;
Б) expenditure; В) expedition; Г) exhibit
3. A)
like; Б) alike; В) likely; Г) likable
4. A)
as a result; Б) because; В) on account; Г) thanks
5. A)
eat; Б) feed; В) food; Г) cooking
6. A)
decrease; Б) distract; В) dissolve; Г) increase
7. A) solutions; Б) alternatives; В) preferences; Г) questions
8. A)
hurting; Б) harming; В) injuring; Г) wounding
|
577419 |
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Alaska
The first Europeans to
visit what is now called Alaska were Russian sailors led by
Captain Bering. The 1 ______ was funded by Russian czar Peter
the Great. In 1728 Bering and his crew 2 ______ through the strait that is now
named after him, between the easternmost part of Asia and the
westernmost part of the Americas. Their journey 3 ______
that Asia was not connected to North America; however, due to the heavy
fog, they never actually saw the nearby land of North America. In 1741
Bering headed further south, landing on
tiny Kayak Island off the 4 ______ of what is
now the southeastern part of the state.
In the 1780s and 1790s
Russians began small colonies, first on Kodiak Island and later
on the mainland. In 1799 the Russian-American Company was established to 5 ______
Russian interests. For the next 68 years the company provided the only
form of government for the European colonists, 6 ______
never numbered more than a few hundred. The Russians ruled the 7 ______
until the late 1860s, when they sold it to the United
States for $7.2 million dollars.
The 8 ______
of gold in 1896 in the Yukon Territory started a huge gold rush
that brought thousands of settlers.
1. A)
travel; Б) trip; В) journey; Г) expedition
2. A)
paddled; Б) sailed; В) travelled; Г) rowed
3. A)
proved; Б) convinced; В) persuaded; Г) appeared
4. A)
bank; Б) beach; В) shore; Г) sea-side
5. A)
look after; Б) look at; В) look for; Г) look away
6. A)
which; Б) whose; В) what; Г) who
7. A)
country; Б) area; В) ground; Г) earth
8. A)
discovery; Б) detection; В) exploration; Г) innovation
|
AD18AE |
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Ordinary
“Ordinary” was the worst word she could find for anything. She and I would argue fiercely because I wanted to be
ordinary as desperately as my mother wanted to be 1 ______ .
“I can’t 2 ______ that hair-do”, she said when I went to the hairdresser
with my friend and came back with a pageboy haircut straight out of
Seventeen magazine, “It’s so terribly ordinary”. Not ugly, not
unsuitable. But ordinary.
Her 3 ______ of ordinariness came out most strongly in her clothes.
“Couldn’t
you please 4 ______ something else?” I asked her when she was dressing for
Parents’ Day in tight-fitting pants and a bright pink sweater, with a
Mexican cape.
“What’s
wrong with my outfit?”
What
wasn’t wrong with it!
“It’s just that I wish it would be something
more plain,” I said sheepishly, “something that people won’t 5 ______ at.”
She
looked at me angrily and drew herself 6 ______ to her full height of five feet ten inches.
“Are
you 7 ______ of your own mother? Because if you are, Isadora, I
feel 8 ______ for you. I really do.”
1. A) uncommon; Б) unusual; В) odd; Г) peculiar
2. A) stand; Б) approve; В) agree; Г) vote
3. A) worry; Б) trouble; В) panic; Г) fear
4. A)
dress; Б) put; В) wear;
Г) clothe
5. A) watch; Б) stare; В) glance; Г) peep
6. A) up; Б) on;
В) over; Г) at
7. A) sorry; Б) shamed; В) ashamed; Г) angry
8. A)
regretful; Б) sorry;
В) guilty; Г) unhappy
|
A38EB7 |
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Searching for a New Programme
A healthy lifestyle
can vastly improve your well-being. This is a lifestyle designed for
those who wish to feel more certain about their health and more in control
of what the present and future will bring them in that important 1 ______
of existence. None of us wants to be sick. None of us enjoys the idea
that we may become a medical statistic. This is a simple, easy-to-follow
health-style that can enable you to get cards very much in your 2 ______.
The doctors were fortunate enough to come into 3 ______
with a field of study that brought them to healing and well-being that
they so desperately needed. They personally have 4 ______
thousands of people improve their health using only a small part of
information. Many more people begin to improve their health now.
Embracing the most current information from many health-related fields,
the programme of healthy lifestyle gives you an understanding of the impact
of exercise, breathing, sunshine, sleep and much more on your health. In
order for this programme to work for you, you have to be willing to apply
at least some part of it. Some change will be 5 ______.
And as you make those first modest changes, you will get positive results
that encourage you to do more. Changing is fun. And if you realize that
your new healthy lifestyle 6______ the making of new habits,
not the 7 ______ of old ones, you will feel very
positive about what the future holds for you.
1. А) sector Б) region В) area Г) territory
2. А)
benefit Б) advantage В) privilege Г) favour
3. А) touch Б) contact В) view Г) connection
4. А)
confessed Б) witnessed В) determined Г) recognized
5. А)
ordered Б) commanded В) forced Г) required
6. А)
contains Б) consists В) involves Г) encloses
7. А) breaking Б) damaging В) ruining Г) destroying
|
80EB2C |
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To the North of London
The Aldenham Country Park is
a large and pleasant area easily reached if you are travelling north out
of London. It is worth visiting if you want a quick breath of fresh
air and a reasonably attractive place for a brief picnic. The most
important point of the park is Aldenham Reservoir. It was built in 1796
to 1 ______ the water level in the river 2 ______
by the newly constructed Grand Union Canal, and more
recently has been used as a reserve public water supply. Not far from
there lies the busy town of Watford which can be recommended
for a brief visit. And in any 3 ______ much more
interesting stretches of the canal are met further north. And if you make
your way through the town you can visit the WatfordMuseum in
the High Street which has materials on printing and paper-making on 4 ______.
The picture gallery has changing exhibitions of works by artists who
lived or painted in the area. Another attraction of the neighbourhood is
a fascinating complex of Roman buildings, the 5 ______
of a great city, once the third largest centre of Roman Britain. The
private houses were impressive, many of them furnished with mosaic floors.
The beauty of the mosaics can hardly be described on paper, and it is
best 6 ______ by standing and looking for a while. The
other principal Roman site to be visited is a long stretch of the city
wall which 7 ______ back to the 3rd century.
1. А)
remain Б) support В) hold Г) maintain
2. А)
confused Б) affected В) bothered Г) disturbed
3. А)
condition Б) situation В) circumstance Г) case
4. А)
presentation Б) display В) demonstration Г) exhibition
5. А)
remains Б) wastes В) wreckage Г) reminders
6. А)
praised Б) approved В) appreciated Г) regarded
7. А)
dates Б) returns В) follows Г) comes
|
394093 |
Прочитайте Sharing Brenda is a She 3 _____ 1. А) provide Б) 2. А) 3. А) 4. А) 5. А) 6. А) 7. А) |
||
Прочитайте BRITISH THEATRE The theatre has always been very strong in Britain. Its 1. А) show Б) 2. А) far Б) 3. А) Inside Б) 4. А) take Б) 5. А) audience Б) 6. А) puts up Б) 7. А) scene Б)
|
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A CHINESE VASE
When I was a child I
loved visiting my grandmother. I thought her house was as beautiful as a
palace. As I grew older the house and garden seemed smaller, but I still
loved visiting the old lady. There were so many lovely things to
look 1 _____ in
the house.
I loved her paintings
and the old clock, but 2
_____ all I loved a big Chinese vase which stood in the hall. It
was 3 _____ than
me, and I couldn’t see 4
_____ it. I walked round and round it looking at the beautiful
ladies and the birds and flowers and trees, and Grandmother
often 5 _____ me
stories about these ladies. She said that her grandfather had brought the
vase with him when he returned from a long 6
_____ to China.
We live in a modern
house, and I’m afraid my husband and I often nag at the children. “Don’t
make the new carpet dirty, Paul!” “Be careful with the new table,
Philip!”
Before she died, Grandmother gave me the vase I loved so
much. It 7 _____ beautiful
in our modern hall.
One day I came home from the shop. The boys met me at the door. “I’m as
strong as George Bes, Mummy,” said Paul. “I got a goal and I broke the
vase.” Philip tried to be more diplomatic than Paul, “It doesn’t really
matter, does it? You told us it wasn’t new. You aren’t cross, are you?”
1. А) out Б)
at В) into Г)
about
2. А) mostly Б)
great of В) greatly Г)
most of
3. А) higher Б)
larger В) taller Г)
greater
4. А) about Б)
around В) inside Г)
outside
5. А) said Б)
spoke В) talked Г)
told
6. А) voyage Б)
tour В) hike Г)
excursion
7. А) looked Б)
viewed В) appeared Г)
seemed
|
9588E1 |
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A QUIET HOUSE
It was April and John
Moore was studying for an important examination. As the date of the exam 1 _______ nearer,
he decided to go somewhere and read by himself.
He did not want the
amusements of the seaside, or the beauties of the countryside. He decided
to find a quiet, little town and work there undisturbed. He 2 ______ his
suitcase with clothes and books. Then he looked in a railway timetable
for a town that he did not know. He found one, and bought a ticket to go
there. He did not tell anyone where he was going. After all, he did not
want to be 3 ______.
That is how Moore
arrived at Benchurch. It was a market town, and once a week it was quite
busy for a few hours. The rest of the time it was a very quiet and sleepy
place. Moore spent his first night at the only hotel in the town. The
landlady was very kind and helpful, but the hotel was not really quiet
enough for him. The second day he started 4 ______ for
a house to rent.
There was only one
place that he liked. It was more than quiet – it was deserted and very
lonely. It was a big, old seventeenth-century house. It had barred
windows like a prison, and a high brick wall all around it. It would be hard
to 5 ______ a
more unwelcoming place. But it suited Moore perfectly. He went to find
the local lawyer, who was responsible for the house.
Mr. Carnford, the
lawyer, was very happy to rent the house to him. “I’d be glad to let you
have it free,” he said, “. It’s been empty so long that people have
started to 6 ______ a
lot of foolish stories about it. You’ll be able to prove that the stories
are wrong.
Moore didn’t think it
was necessary to ask the lawyer for more details of the foolish stories.
He paid his rent, and Mr. Carnford gave him the name of an old servant to 7 ______ him.
He came away from the lawyer with the keys of the house in his pocket.
1. |
A) |
appeared |
B) |
drew |
C) |
moved |
D) |
entered |
2. |
A) |
wrapped |
B) |
laid |
C) |
piled |
D) |
packed |
3. |
A) |
bothered |
B) |
intervened |
C) |
interfered |
D) |
helped |
4. |
A) |
finding |
B) |
looking |
C) |
skimming |
D) |
exploring |
5. |
A) |
understand |
B) |
imagine |
C) |
know |
D) |
seek |
6. |
A) |
extend |
B) |
promote |
C) |
gossip |
D) |
spread |
7. |
A) |
look at |
B) |
look about |
C) |
look after |
D) |
look around |
|
D8175F |
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Looking for a job
My new home was a long
way from the center of London but it was becoming essential to find a
job, so 1 ______ I
spent a whole morning getting to town and applying to London Transport
for a job on the tube. It turned out that they were looking for guards,
not drivers. This 2 ______me. I couldn’t
drive a car but I could probably guard a train and perhaps continue to
write poems between stations. “Yes, I would be a tube guard,” I thought.
I could see myself being cheerful, useful, a good man in a crisis.
The next day I sat
down, with almost a hundred other 3 ______,
for the intelligence test. I must have done all right because after half
an hour’s wait I was sent into another room for a psychological test. The
examiner sat at a desk. You were signaled forward to occupy the seat
opposite him when the previous occupant had been 4 ______.
Sometimes the person was rejected quickly and sometimes after quite a
while. Obviously the longer interviews were the most successful ones.
Mine was the only one that lasted a minute and a half. I can remember the
questions now: “Why did you leave your last job, “Why did you leave your
job before that? “And the one before?” I can’t 5 ______ my
answers, except they were short at first and grew shorter as we
continued. His closing statement 6 ______ a
lack of sensitivity, which helped to explain why as a psychologist he had
risen no higher than the underground railway. “You have failed this test
and we are unable to offer you a position.” Failing to get that job was
my low point. Or so I thought, believing that the work was easy.
Actually, such a job 7 ______ exactly
this sort of elementary responsibility a dreamer like me is unlikely to
have. But, I was still far short of self-understanding as well as short
of cash.
1. |
A) |
finally |
B) |
at the end |
C) |
lastly |
D) |
in conclusion |
2. |
A) |
comforted |
B) |
matched |
C) |
fitted |
D) |
suited |
3. |
A) |
friends |
B) |
members |
C) |
candidates |
D) |
nominees |
4. |
A) |
declined |
B) |
dismissed |
C) |
accepted |
D) |
abandoned |
5. |
A) |
recall |
B) |
memorize |
C) |
forget |
D) |
remind |
6. |
A) |
discovered |
B) |
revealed |
C) |
disguised |
D) |
opened |
7. |
A) |
expects |
B) |
offers |
C) |
demands |
D) |
asks |
|
72CE20 |
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возможные варианты ответов. Обведите
номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.
Tracy
Tracy was as excited
as a child about her first trip abroad. Early in the morning, she stopped
at a 1 ______ agency
and reserved a suite on the Signal Deck of the
Queen Elizabeth II. The next three days she spent
buying clothes and luggage.
On the morning of the
sailing, Tracy hired a limousine to drive her to the pier. When she 2 ______ at
Pier 90, where the Queen Elizabeth II was
docked, it was crowded with photographers and television reporters, and
for a moment Tracy was panic stricken. Then she realized they were
interviewing the two men posturing at the foot of the gangplank. The
members of the crew were helping the passengers with their luggage. On
deck, a steward looked at Tracy’s ticket and 3 ______ her
to her stateroom. It was a lovely suite with a private terrace. It had
been ridiculously expensive but Tracy 4 ______ it
was worth it.
She unpacked and then
wandered along the corridor. In almost every cabin there were farewell
parties going on, with laughter and champagne and conversation. She felt
a sudden ache of loneliness. There was no one to see her 5 ______,
no one for her to care about, and no one who cared about her. She was
sailing into a completely unknown future.
Suddenly she felt the
huge ship shudder as the tugs started to pull it out of the harbor, and
she stood 6 ______ the
passengers on the boat deck, watching the Statue of Liberty slide out of 7 ______,
and then she went exploring.
1. |
A) |
journey |
B) |
trip |
C) |
travel |
D) |
tourist |
2. |
A) |
achieved |
B) |
arrived |
C) |
entered |
D) |
reached |
3. |
A) |
set |
B) |
came |
C) |
headed |
D) |
directed |
4. |
A) |
determined |
B) |
resolved |
C) |
decided |
D) |
assured |
5. |
A) |
in |
B) |
off |
C) |
of |
D) |
after |
6. |
A) |
among |
B) |
along |
C) |
between |
D) |
besides |
7. |
A) |
glance |
B) |
stare |
C) |
sight |
D) |
look |
|
2AE5FB |
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Установите соответствие номера пропуска варианту ответа.
Busy Day
Let me tell you
what happened once when my dear Uncle Podger decided to hang a picture on
the wall. He told us not to 1 ______ and
just watch him do it. He said he would do it by himself. Well, he came up
to the picture which was waiting to be put up in the dining room and took
it. But suddenly it fell down and the glass 2 ______ into
pieces and he cut his finger. He started to 3 ______ his
handkerchief but couldn’t find it because he had put it in his coat and
none of us knew where his coat was.
“Six of you!” Uncle Podger exclaimed, “and you cannot find the coat that
I put down only five minutes ago!” But then he got up from his chair and
found that he had been sitting on his coat the whole time. “Oh, you can
stop your 4 ______.
I’ve found it myself!”
Then after an hour was spent in tying up his finger Uncle Podger wondered
where the hammer had disappeared to. And while everybody was trying to
get the hammer he was standing on the chair saying: “Well, I want to know
if you are going to 5 ______ me
here all evening!”
Finally the hammer was found, but we noticed that the nail which he had
prepared was lost. And, of course, Uncle Podger didn’t keep 6 ______while
he was waiting for another nail to be brought. We heard all he had to say
about our habit of losing all the things he needed.
When the picture was hanging on the wall at last, everybody looked
very 7 ______, all except
Uncle Podger, who was lively as ever. Aunt Maria remarked that if Uncle
Podger wanted to do a job like that again, she would spend a week with
her mother until it was over.
1. A) scare
B) disturb C) worry D) fear
2. A)
failed B) broke C) ruined D) fell
3. A)
look at B) look to C) look after D) look for
4. A)
search B) investigation C) exploration D) study
5. A)
stay B) keep C) put D) take
6. A)
dumb B) cool C) still D) silent
7. A)
dull B) tired C) fresh D) boring
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136D92 |
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными
номерами 1 – 7. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 1 –
7, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов (A, B, C, D).
Установите соответствие номера пропуска варианту ответа.
A Storyteller
In my early 20s,
after a year and a half in England, and four months in France, I returned
to the United States and got a job at a camp in northern Virginia.
My 1 ______ that
summer was Dan from Mississippi, and I am from Rhode Island. We worked
together with a group of boys from 12 to 14 years old. I’ve always been a
bit untidy, but Dan was 2 ______ and
clean, even after a night in the woods with our campers. We could not
have been more different, but we got on because we shared the
same 3 ______ of
humor.
At the end of the summer, a few of us went to 4 ______ a
cave in West Virginia and got stuck in the cave for the night. It wasn’t
as dramatic as it sounds. The park rangers had told us to stay there if
anything happened. They knew where we were going, and when we should have
been back. Dan hurt his right foot badly. So we had to 5
______ the night in the cave. Food and water were not a problem,
but we turned off our lights to save power. In the distance, we could
hear the sound of running water.
To 6 ______ the
time, we told stories. That night in the cave we moved from one family
story to another. As the night wore on, I remembered more and more. I was
not alone–the cave, the blue light and the flowing water released stories
and memories that we had never revealed to anyone. It was as if a river
of stories had started flowing in each of us.
When the rangers came the next morning, we didn’t want to 7 ______.
«Can’t we just tell a few more stories?» In the cave, that
night, I became a storyteller.
1. A) friend
B) teammate C) partner D) opponent
2. A)
clear B) neat C) exact D) careful
3. A)
feeling B) emotion C) reason D) sense
4. A)
explore B) analyze C) teach D) learn
5. A)
lead B) spend C) hold D) waste
6. A)
keep B) waste C) spare D) pass
7. A)
escape B) leave C) remain D) retire
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732817 |
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными
номерами 1 – 7. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 1
– 7, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов (A, B, C, D).
Установите соответствие номера пропуска варианту ответа.
New York City: Nostalgia for the Old Neighbourhood
Life
is made up of little things: some unimportant memories from childhood
that, in fact, shaped your character. I 1
______ on Third Avenue in midtown Manhattan during the 1950s-60s
where family life was centred around old 2 ______ of
flats and small stores. Third Avenue was my old neighbourhood and it had character.
It was 3 ______ with
working families of Italian, German and Irish origin. We shopped together
with all those people and their kids played together. Third Avenue
influenced the way our family lived. I absorbed the street life. It gave
me an 4 ______that I could not
have received in any other place. To me, it was home.
In a recent walk around Third Avenue my eyes 5 ______ signs
of the old neighbourhood but couldn’t find any. If I hadn’t been born
here and someone described the area, it would be 6 ______ to
believe. It wasn’t because a few buildings had changed – everything had
changed. The transformation began in the late 1950s and 60s when
corporations replaced the old neighbourhood. In the early 1960s, the
houses were pulled down. Families were forced to 7
______, the small stores went out of business and the old
neighbourhood was changed forever. And now there is a lack of character
in the transformed neighbourhood.
1. A)
brought up B) grew up C) went up D) got up
2. A)
blocks B) houses C) groups D) sets
3. A)
covered B) held C) loaded D) filled
4. A)
knowledge B) information C) education D) training
5. A)
looked after B) looked for C) looked through D) looked at
6. A)
hard B) easy C) strange D) heavy
7. A)
stay out B) take out C) move out D) go out
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75CBF5 |
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными
номерами 1 – 7. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 1 –
7, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов (A, B, C, D).
Установите соответствие номера пропуска варианту ответа.
To Hear A Child
I believe in patience. I live as a volunteer
residential counselor in a small group home. These boys have brought joy
and happiness into my life; they have made me laugh and made me proud. However,
they have also challenged me, made me angry and tested my patience.
Each day we start anew, going about a 1 ______ routine.
I drive them to school, pick them up, cook for them and help with
homework. We spend the evenings 2 ______ about
what happened during the day. I meet their teachers and study for tests
with them. They are the last people I see each night and the first ones I
hear in the morning. They have become a 3 ______ of
my life. I am twenty-two and am beginning to understand the love of a
parent.
I could not have come this far without patience. They do not think like
miniature adults and it is not fair to expect them to. 4 ______ my
expectations of them are high, I must remember that so much of what they
see and understand is for the first time. First loves, first failed test,
first time feeling the need to break away from the nest. I must have
patience with them, because there is still a child within that comes out
when I least expect it.
This world is a fast-paced, fast food, fast-internet place. 5 ______,
no matter how fast things move, children will be children. I believe they
will mature quicker and with more tools if I am patient. I see it in
their eyes. Over time, sad eyes can glisten again, but only if I
am 6 ______ of
the fact that it takes them longer to get somewhere.
I see around them a world that expects too much of them. They
come 7 ______ too
many things that give them too much sadness. They listen to me, respect
me and understand reason but not always when I want them to. This
opportunity has given me wisdom but only when I was patient enough to
hear a child.
1. A)
daily B) common C) average D) traditional
2. A)
discussing B) debating C) talking D) saying
3. A)
bit B) part C) parcel D) piece
4. A)
also B) altogether C) although D) thus
5. A)
nevertheless B) nevermore C) although D) therefore
6. A)
common B) familiar C) aware D) acquainted
7. A)
through B) along C) upon D) across
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F43025 |
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными Bo It was raining. The rain started early 1. A) solid 2. A) 3. A) 4. A) 5. A) 6. A) 7. A) |
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Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными The secret tunnel In 1. A) natural 2. A) 3. A) 4. A) 5. A) 6. A) 7. A)
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Task 1. Imagine
that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some
interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text
to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be
ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to
read it.
Until fairly recently,
it was a mystery how certain large bees, bumblebees in particular, were
able to fly. To scientists who study the physical laws of flight, a bee’s
body seemed too heavy and its wings too small for it to become airborne
and remain so. Bees “can’t” fly … but do. The mystery became so
intriguing that a few scientists decided to study it.
Most insects fly by using muscles that flap their wings
with great speed. For example, the locust beats its wings at a rate of
about 20 times per second to fly. Other flying insects have to beat their
wings even faster – some as rapidly
as 100 times per second.
But bees must work extra hard to become airborne.
Honeybees, for instance, must beat their wings about 200 times a second
to fly. Yet larger bees – like
bumblebees – whose bodies are heavier, wider, and longer – have
to do even better.
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F30D70 |
Task 1. Imagine
that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some
interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text
to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be
ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to
read it.
Islands that appear
and disappear are certainly part of the world’s legends. But in 1963,
with the aid of cameras and scientific observers, some of those legends
were given a solid basis of fact. For example, on November 14, 1963,
a kind of miracle occurred. An island was born.
On that day a fishing
boat sailed into waters that were boiling and rolling and foul with a
strong smell. The world still had a hard time believing the miracle that
was to occur. It was the first time that scientists were to witness the
unexpected birth of an underwater island.
First the engineer,
then the captain, and at last the cook were aware of the awful smell and
the peculiar roll of the sea. But it was the cook who first noticed the
smoke. He thought there was a ship in trouble somewhere on the seas.
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A9E522 |
Task 1. Imagine
that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some
interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text
to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be
ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to
read it.
The mystery of why
trees don’t stop growing is still unsolved. Human beings usually stop
growing sometime during their teens. Many animals reach full growth
within a year. Others are fully grown in just a few years. Birds and
insects also stop growing at a certain age. But trees keep growing as
long as they live.
Trees live, grow, and
reproduce themselves by an amazing process. The thousands of leaves put
forth by the tree breathe for it and manufacture its food. Its root
system gathers minerals and vast quantities of water. To carry this water
to the leaves, the tree is equipped with an intricate circulation system
that extends upward from the millions of root hairs through the trunk and
branches. The trunk holds the leaves up to the sunlight, sends them water
from the roots, and gets food back from them. Then
seeds are borne in flowers or cones.
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The minute Apollo |
FALL |
When |
NOT BELIEVE |
In ancient |
GREAT |
Apollo |
IMPRESS |
One day, |
WOMAN |
Apollo got |
NOT CAN |
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56E533 |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если
необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами В11–B16, так чтобы они грамматически
и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски
полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из
группы В11–В16.
The world’s
language
Nowadays, |
DEVELOP |
The English |
SCIENCE |
The Eskimos |
NATURAL |
In Russia, |
PRACTICE |
Some native |
APPEAR |
The wealth of |
SPEAK |
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Daedalus was |
NOT WANT |
Daedalus |
POWERFUL |
Daedalus |
SEAMAN |
The legends |
LIVE |
The Labyrinth |
DESIGN |
Although |
CAN |
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4B9082 |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если
необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами В11–B16, так чтобы они грамматически
и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски
полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из
группы В11–В16.
Global Language
Italy, too, |
VARY |
In most |
NATURAL |
If you drew a |
APPEAR |
Almost all |
SPEAK |
Nowadays, |
DEVELOP |
It is |
SCIENCE |
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51807C |
Прочитайте Mark’s Visit to Mark and Fenella were “It’s lovely to see A moment later Fenella Turning around Mark His eyes settled on |
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Прочитайте A phone call Among the A sleepy The ______BAD_________ _______LATE________, New Seven Wonders of the World: Machu Picchu Machu Picchu, Machu Picchu The ruins of Преобразуйте,
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Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
Chicago from above
Following a
recent renovation, the new Hancock Observatory invites you to enjoy
Chicago’s best views from the city’s highest open-air Skywalk. It has
quickly gained _____POPULAR_____ with both
Chicagoans and visitors of the city.
Skywalk is Chicago’s
highest open-air viewing area. It is 1,000 feet in the air! Everyone
here can feel the strong wind and hear the dynamic buzz of the city
below. The friendly staff will _____CERTAIN_______ tell the real
story behind Chicago’s “Windy City” nickname.
For those who
feel ______COMFORT______ about such a great height
there are more relaxing indoor audio Sky Tours.
These
30-minute personal audio tours give a unique “overview” of Chicago’s
wonderful sights and ______REMARK______ history! Sky Tours are
available in English, Spanish and German.
History Wall
is another popular ______ATTRACT_______. More than 100 photos on
a great 80-foot display show Chicago’s rise from a small settlement to
a great city.
As a tour
guide I have been to the Skywalk _______COUNT_______ times and
still I can’t help admiring it.
Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными
буквами, так чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали
содержанию текста. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из
группы В11–В16. Впишите слова в поле ответа.
History |
ATTRACT |
Following a |
POPULAR |
These |
REMARK |
Skywalk is Chicago’s |
CERTAIN |
For those who |
COMFORT |
As a tour |
COUNT |
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Прочитайте A Stephen pulled up the Stephen thought with He got on a train and He was an observant |
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61BDD9 |
Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если
необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B10, так чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию
текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск
соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B10.
Singing in the car
One day I |
LISTEN |
My elder |
I |
For a long |
NOT CAN |
He knew very |
BAD |
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B701C8 |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если
необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных
номерами В11–B16, так чтобы они грамматически и лексически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из
группы В11–В16.
Ray
Bradbury
Bradbury |
COUNT |
His works |
POPULAR |
He first |
WEAK |
Millions of |
ACHIEVE |
Ray Douglas |
WIDE |
During his |
VARY |
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C596D4 |
Прочитайте Dinner Amos Finnister was a And this was most By the time they were Cedric A25 ______ “And why was “Oh, yes, I’m afraid I |
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4CDF27 |
Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если
необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B10, так чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию
текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует
отдельному заданию из группы B4–B10.
Honesty is the best policy
She asked |
THINK |
The |
BAD |
Some of the |
NOT CAN |
To learn more |
THEY |
|
ECD04D |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если
необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами В11–B16, так чтобы они
грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните
пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному
заданию из группы В11–В16.
Christmas
All kinds |
WIDE |
Many weeks |
VARY |
At this time, |
SING |
Christmas is |
CELEBRATE |
Shop |
OWN |
Christmas |
COUNT |
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5B2677 |
Прочитайте Amos It wasn’t unusual for But on this Saturday Amos had come to the “Good morning, Amos,” “Well done, Amos!” “I agree, sir. I will |
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Прочитайте Excuses, excuses …
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Прочитайте Before Vicky gave this party She was A24 ______ Fenella’s voice “He’s relieved he is «Mr. Ridgely made “That’s an “To A28 ______ |
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100F12 |
Прочитайте
приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова,
напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных
номерами B4–B10, так чтобы они грамматически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B10.
As old as a brontosaurus
«What’s |
TAKE |
Puzzled, he |
I |
As we walked |
NOT CAN |
And then came |
BAD |
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1AF49D |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если
необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами В11–B16, так чтобы они
грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните
пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному
заданию из группы В11–В16.
Why
do we sleep?
Most of us |
DIFFICULT |
You may think |
|
Pythons and |
SLEEP |
__________________ |
SCIENCE |
A recent |
REAL |
Human |
DEVELOP |
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8E8F88 |
Прочитайте Music It was a hard winter To A22 ______ He said that Mother Father was outraged. |
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FECC69 |
Прочитайте
приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова,
напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных
номерами B4–B10, так чтобы они грамматически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из
группы B4–B10.
A cup of coffee
I wandered |
I |
Once I was |
NOT CAN |
It was taking |
COME |
But finally, |
BAD |
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0F080C |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если
необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами В11–B16, так чтобы они
грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните
пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному
заданию из группы В11–В16.
Future
population
You may |
POSSIBLE |
The report |
GLOBE |
The report |
SIGNIFICANT |
Almost a |
INHABIT |
__________________ |
RESEARCH |
The United |
SCIENCE |
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507009 |
Прочитайте Margaret Old Margaret was just But to A23 ______ At this solemn A25 ______ “Margaret, look at the Margaret would peer At table it was Father |
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1528AE |
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приведённые ниже тексты.
Secret of the Sahara
This is a
story about a strange discovery made in the great Sahara Desert. In
1933 a French officer _________RIDE_________ in the Sahara
through a deep canyon in a mountain range where no other European had
ever been.
Suddenly he
saw that the walls of the canyon _________COVER_________ with
age-old carvings and paintings of strange unknown animals.
News of the
discovery soon _________BRING_________ many experts of all kinds
to the place.
Dinosaur Facts
Dinosaurs
lived on our planet millions of years ago. Some of them were very big.
Now only their giant bones and footprints ________FIND__________.
Millions of
years ago, the world did not look like it does today. Many of the
animals that walked the land had bodies low to the ground and legs on
the sides of their bodies. As time passed, the land changed. The animals
changed too. Some of the animals now had legs under their bodies. They
moved _________FAST_________ than the other animals.
________THIS__________
new animals were the first dinosaurs. They came in all sizes. Some were
about 75 feet long.
The dinosaurs all
died about 65 million years ago. Some people think that it got too cold
for the dinosaurs. Other people think the dinosaurs _________NOT CAN_________
find enough food to eat. Still, no one is sure why the dinosaurs all
died.
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами, так чтобы
они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Каждый
пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B10. Впишите слова
в поле ответа.
News of the discovery soon __________________ many |
BRING |
Secret of the Sahara
This |
RIDE |
The dinosaurs |
NOT CAN |
__________________ |
THIS |
Millions |
FAST |
Dinosaur Facts
Dinosaurs |
FIND |
Suddenly |
COVER |
|
2E4F79 |
Прочитайте Tourism in Britain Tourism is Britain has a London Historic People who Some of Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными
Tourism in Britain
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Прочитайте приведённые ниже
тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными
буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами B4–B10, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию
текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск
соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B10.
They came |
|
Spectators at
the Ancient Olympic Games
Nowadays |
NOT |
Leaving
School at Sixteen
In Britain many |
LINK |
For |
INTRODUCE |
In ancient |
BRING |
Some |
NOT |
Foreigners __________________ Greece |
VISIT |
|
AD5E0E |
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст.
Образуйте от слов, напечатанных
заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В11–B16, однокоренные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически и
лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски
полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из
группы В11–В16.
Since |
FOREIGN |
People |
DEVELOP |
Wild Animal Park
The wide, |
SCIENCE |
Divided |
GEOGRAPHY |
One place |
CONSERVE |
Although |
FREE |
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3DCA22 |
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, Cathy Cathy spent many hours A24 ______, First came a Courbet, “That’s my favourite,” “Quite beautiful,” “Good heavens,” the |
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How
old is Coca-Cola?
Do you know
how old this popular drink is? In 1886
a chemist from Atlanta,
John Pemberton, ________MAKE__________ a syrup from cola-nut
extract, cocoa leaves, some vegetable extracts, caffeine, and sugar.
He ran the
_______ONE___________ advertisement for the beverage on May 29
of the same year in the Atlanta Journal.
He started
________SERVE__________ the
syrup diluted with soda-water to customers in his drugstore.
That’s how the
world famous drink _________INVENT_________.
College
life
We are a
family of five. My ________OLD__________ sister, Heather, is in
her second year in college. This year she could not find a book she
needed.
When the
professor assigned reading from a hard-to-find book, 150 hands shot in
the air to inform him they _________NOT HAVE_________ it. He
told them it had arrived at the bookstore that morning.
When the class
was over, Heather sprinted to the bookstore, grabbed a copy and rushed
to the cashier. The cashier saw Heather and began ringing the bell for
assistance, a look of panic on her face. “How
many ________BE__________ there behind you?” she demanded.
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами, так чтобы
они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Каждый
пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B10. Впишите слова
в поле ответа.
When the |
BE |
That’s how |
INVENT |
College life
We are a |
OLD |
He ran the |
ONE |
How
old is Coca-Cola?
Do you know |
MAKE |
When the |
NOT HAVE |
He started __________________ the |
SERVE |
|
3A9015 |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
Chemistry or
no chemistry
I was planning
a career in biology but was not looking forward to taking chemistry in
my first year at Carleton University in Ottawa.
However, the professor of chemistry was a famous _______SCIENCE___________.
He made the
course interesting with his many small ________CHEMISTRY__________
explosions and crazy quizzes.
Once, he posed
the question: “What in the world isn’t chemistry?” and offered a prize
to the student who answered ________CORRECT__________.
A couple of
weeks passed. ________FINAL__________, he announced in class
that the contest was over. A student had gone to his office to ask if
she could try her hand at the question. “What in the world isn’t
chemistry?” she asked.
“My _______RELATION___________
with my last boyfriend – that wasn’t chemistry.”
By default,
she became the ________WIN__________.
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами, так чтобы они
грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Каждый
пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В11–В16. Впишите слова
в поле ответа.
Once, he |
CORRECT |
By default, |
WIN |
“My |
RELATION |
He made the |
CHEMISTRY |
Chemistry or no chemistry
I was planning |
SCIENCE |
A couple of |
FINAL |
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73C15B |
Прочитайте William William and Philippa were students. Some people, it is Their tutor, Simon Jakes of New College, In their second year, they became even more hostile. When |
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Kid inventions
Becky
Schroeder was only 10 years old when she came up with the idea of the
glo-paper. Two years________LATE__________, in 1974, her
invention was patented.
She became the
________YOUNG __________
female to ever receive a patent in the United
States.
The idea came
to her when she tried to do her homework in the family car, while her
mother shopped for groceries. It _________GET_________ dark
gradually, and she couldn’t see her notebook very well.
She ________NOT
HAVE__________a flashlight and imagined how nice it would be
to have a paper that glows in the dark and allows you to write
effortlessly without light. A year of research and experiment and she
did it!
A
white flag
It’s always a
problem for me to find my car in a huge parking lot. After reading an
article with a piece of advice for people like me, I decided to follow
it one day. I attached a tissue to the car’s antenna with a rubber
band. The little white flag waving in the breeze ________SUPPOSE__________to
help me spot my car easily.
So I went
_______SHOP___________ .
When I
_________COME_________ out, I quickly spotted a little white
flag … and about ten others.
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами, так чтобы
они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Каждый
пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B10. Впишите слова
в поле ответа.
She became |
YOUNG |
When I |
COME |
She |
NOT HAVE |
A white flag
It’s always a |
SUPPOSE |
The idea came |
GET |
So |
SHOP |
Kid
inventions
Becky |
LATE |
|
428CC4 |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
Morse Code
Before phones,
computers, and telegraphs were invented, messages would take months or
even years to reach their destination. Samuel Morse was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts, in
April 1791, not knowing that he would be a famous _______INVENT___________.
Since the age
of four, Morse had been interested in ________DRAW__________ and
he wanted to become a painter. Mr. and Mrs. Morse were afraid that he
couldn’t make a living as a painter, so they made him a bookseller. He
worked as a bookseller but at night he would paint.
________FINAL__________,
his parents realized how he loved art, so they found the money for
Morse to study art in London.
After a
________SUCCESS__________ artistic
career (first painting historical scenes and then portraits), Morse
built the first American telegraph around 1835.
Morse patented
a working telegraph machine in 1837, with help from his _________BUSY _________
partners, Leonard Gale and Alfred Vail.
Morse used a
dots-and-spaces code for the letters of the alphabet and for numbers.
It was later improved to use dashes with dots and spaces. Since then, it has proved its _________EFFECTIVE_________many times.
Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными
буквами, так чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали
содержанию текста. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из
группы В11–В16. Впишите слова в поле ответа.
Morse used a |
EFFECTIVE |
Since the age |
DRAW |
__________________, |
FINAL |
Morse Code
Before phones, |
INVENT |
Morse patented |
BUSY |
After a |
SUCCESS |
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BAE5E3 |
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Прочитайте Can fish hear? To divers, the Fish ________NOT This structure Research The White House The White It was burnt Since then, Преобразуйте,
The White House
Can fish hear?
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Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
Great Britain at the 2012 London Olympics
This is
certainly the greatest Games for Britain in
more than a century, and realistically the greatest ever. The British
were more ________SUCCESS__________
only once in 1908, in London,
when a third of all the competitors were from the UK.
Gold medals
came from 13 different sports as several made _________IMPRESS_________
breakthroughs, including in canoe slalom, road cycling, triathlon and
taekwondo.
________SWIM__________,
however, brought no gold medals in the Aquatics Centre.
They won just
one silver and two bronze medals and a review was launched into their
_______TRAIN___________.
Optimists may
also conclude from London 2012 that the British team came within a
whisker of at least five or six more Olympic titles. However, nobody
can _________SERIOUS_________ suggest
second place for the UK at
the next Olympics.
If funding
levels are maintained and progress continues for the next four years,
the defense of third place could be a realistic _______EXPECT___________.
Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными
буквами, так чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали
содержанию текста. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из
группы В11–В16. Впишите слова в поле ответа.
__________________, |
SWIM |
Optimists may |
SERIOUS |
They won just |
TRAIN |
If funding |
EXPECT |
Gold medals |
IMPRESS |
Great Britain at the 2012 London Olympics
This is |
SUCCESS |
|
46D430 |
Прочитайте Philip and Michael Philip Masters was a millionaire now. A22 ______, Ten years later, the financial press speculated that Philip was married for more than twenty years. He had Michael Gilmour could A26 ______ |
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Alaska flag
Do you know
any kids’ inventions? One of them is 13-year-old Bennie Benson from the USA, who
designed the state flag of Alaska in
1926. His design ________CHOOSE__________in a flag-designing
contest.
_______LATE___________,
in 1959, it became the official flag of Alaska.
The blue background is for the sky and the forget-me-not, the state
flower.
The flag also
has the Big Dipper (a symbol of strength) and the North Star (also ________CALL__________
Polaris), which representsAlaska’s northern location.
For a prize
Bennie _______WIN ___________
a $1000 scholarship and a watch.
Camping
This year we
decided to go on a camping trip. It was our ________ONE__________
experience.
We started
________PACK__________ a month before the trip.
When our
neighbor saw the assortment of boxes, bins and gear strapped to our
car’s roof rack, she came rushing over. “Oh!” she exclaimed. “I
________NOT KNOW__________ you were leaving! I’m so glad I got
to see you before you moved!”
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами, так чтобы
они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Каждый
пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B10. Впишите слова
в поле ответа.
The flag |
CALL |
We started __________________ |
PACK |
For a prize |
WIN |
__________________, |
LATE |
Camping
This year we |
ONE |
Alaska flag
Do you know |
CHOOSE |
When our neighbor |
NOT KNOW |
|
344BEF |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
Famous inventions stories
Have you ever
wondered how the most famous inventions were created? From the
_________BEGIN_________ of time, humans everywhere have been
inventing.
By looking
into our past and bringing invention stories to life, we are all
reminded that regular people, like you and me, were able to come up
with ________SUCCESS__________ ideas that ended up having a
great impact.
Knowing the
past can help you create the future. If you are looking for invention
inspiration, background for an _______EDUCATION___________
project, or just have a curious mind – read about famous inventions.
The stories of great inventions are fascinating.
Some great
inventions were created ________SIMPLE__________ by mistake,
others by trial and error.
Some ________INVENT__________
of the most well-known products have incredible stories of innovation
to tell.
Some of them
were not aware at the time of their inventions that their _________CREATE_________
would have a great impact on the world, while others realised
immediately that they had a winner.
Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными
буквами, так чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали
содержанию текста. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из
группы В11–В16. Впишите слова в поле ответа.
Some of them |
CREATE |
Some |
INVENT |
Some great |
SIMPLE |
Knowing the |
EDUCATION |
Famous inventions stories
Have you ever |
BEGIN |
By looking into |
SUCCESS |
|
F5EECF |
Прочитайте My company In 1978 I was chairman of Cooper’s, a company which ran My father had founded the firm in 1931, starting out with My father insisted that I leave school the moment I passed After graduating from the workshop, I spent five years in |
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What country has no rivers?
Hard to
believe it, but there is such a country! Libya ________LOCATE__________
in North Africa and borders on the Mediterranean
Sea.
It’s the
_________FIFTEEN_________ largest country on Earth. But more
than 90 percent of Libya is
desert, and there’s not a single permanent river in Libya!
This huge
country, more than four times the size of California,
has a ________SMALL__________ population than a number of cities
inCalifornia.
Libya _______BECOME___________
an independent nation in 1951.
A lesson on efficiency
I remember my
last year at school very well. There were three boys ________NAME__________
William in my class.
Miss Fisher,
one of the teachers, called them all William, and we ________NOT
KNOW__________ which one she was talking to.
One day,
during a lesson on efficiency, she thundered, “William, put that gum
you __________CHEW________ in the wastepaper bin at once!” All
three of them started to rise, paused, then walked to the front of the
class to dispose of their gum. The teacher
beamed. “Three for one! Now that’s efficiency.”
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами, так чтобы
они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Каждый
пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B10. Впишите слова
в поле ответа.
What
country has no rivers?
Hard to |
LOCATE |
It’s the |
FIFTEEN |
This huge |
SMALL |
Libya __________________ |
BECOME |
A lesson on efficiency
I remember my |
NAME |
Miss Fisher, |
NOT KNOW |
One day, |
CHEW |
|
7F6EB9 |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
When was the parachute invented?
Have you ever
felt like jumping out of a plane? Plenty of people have, but _______THANKFUL___________
most of them did it after parachutes had been invented.
Leonardo da
Vinci made the first real studies of flight in the 1480s. He had over
100 _________DRAW_________ that illustrated his theories on
flight.
He designed a
parachute in the 1480s, though he didn’t try it out. Another _______INVENT___________ ,
Faust Vrande, jumped using a similar design in 1617.
In 1783,
around the same time as the first hot-air balloon, Sebastien Lenormand
invented a parachute, which he demonstrated by jumping from a tree, but
it was only four meters high. A few years later, having refined his
design, he made a _________SUCCESS_________ jump from a taller
tower.
In 1785, Jean
Pierre Blanchard used a dog to test his parachute design. The dog was
fine, and so was Blanchard when he used the parachute in 1793 to escape
a balloon accident. These early parachutes didn’t catch on because
there weren’t any flying machines around to make them _______REAL___________
useful.
The invention
of airplanes has made parachutes important. Since then, their ________EFFECTIVE__________
has been proved many times.
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами, так чтобы они
грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Каждый пропуск
соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В11–В16. Впишите слова в поле
ответа.
When
was the parachute invented?
Have you |
THANKFUL |
Leonardo da |
DRAW |
He designed a |
INVENT |
In 1783, |
SUCCESS |
In 1785, Jean |
REAL |
The invention |
EFFECTIVE |
|
2E7810 |
Прочитайте Daniel Daniel and Diana were good friends. They had majored in A26 ______ Diane was Diane felt tired. She A27 ______ |
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Прочитайте Zanzibar history In 1896, Said The palace This “war” was The British A palace with 1,300 rooms It was King It was located It had to be Преобразуйте, Zanzibar history
A palace with 1,300 rooms
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Прочитайте 2012 London Olympics How has London The third Previously, In 2008, Russia took South Korea improved It was their Преобразуйте, если 2012 London Olympics
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Прочитайте The prize William and Philippa were rivals. They Before the prize essay submission date, they both had to “I would be willing to believe that is the case,” Philippa A26 ______ “I couldn’t agree with you more,” It turned A28 ______ |
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The invention of video games
Do you know
the story behind the invention of video games? Here is the story of
the________ONE__________video game.
If you
________READ__________ this article in 2013, you probably imagine
video games as we know them now. Nowadays we are used to online games
full of colour and action.
However, the
story about the invention of video games dates back to the 1940s and to
a patent registered by the US patent
office. The invention patent ________CALL__________: “The
cathode ray tube amusement.”
It was very
primitive by today’s standards but has given the inspiration for many
video games created _________LATE_________.
Grandma
My grandma
often comes to us to babysit my sister, Ann. Yesterday she was tired
after a full day of looking after an active five-year-old, but she
_________NOT WANT_________ to upset Ann and agreed to play ball
in the backyard after supper.
After 5
minutes, she ________SIT__________ down on a patio chair and
said, “Grandma is too old for this.”
Ann came over,
put her arm around Grandma’s neck and said, “Grandma, I wish you
_________BE_________ newer.”
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами, так чтобы
они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Каждый
пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B10. Впишите слова
в поле ответа.
The invention of video games
Do you know |
ONE |
If you |
READ |
However, the |
CALL |
It was very |
LATE |
Grandma
My grandma |
NOT WANT |
After 5 |
SIT |
Ann came over, |
BE |
|
BE83F1 |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
Cyberspace communication
Nowadays most
of us go to our computers to connect with friends instead of using our
phones. Cyberspace relationships have become the norm for many people,
even the most ________CONSERVE__________ ones.
The
convenience and ________EFFECTIVE__________ of the Web is
amazing. If we want to see a movie, find a place to eat or get in touch
with a friend, we go to the Web before we call on the phone.
Critics,
however, say that cyberspace communication loses some important factors
of the social atmosphere. Most Web _______USE___________ don’t
understand that when we talk to someone, we get many messages from them
just by their tone of voice and body
language.
A tender
________EXPRESS__________ and eye contact cannot possibly be
experienced over the Internet.
As with
anything we do, without regular practice the act can become unfamiliar
and________COMFORT__________.
There is a
possibility that much can be ________REAL__________lost when we
communicate via the Internet.
Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными
буквами, так чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали
содержанию текста. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из
группы В11–В16. Впишите слова в поле ответа.
Cyberspace communication
Nowadays |
CONSERVE |
The |
EFFECTIVE |
Critics, |
USE |
A tender |
EXPRESS |
As with |
COMFORT |
There is a |
REAL |
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B6FFDE |
Прочитайте Consuela Victor Rosenheim, an American banker, was Consuela’s third After a sleepless night, Victor Rosenheim A25 ______ Fifty minutes later she emerged from her suite dressed in She spent some time in Asprey’s considering the latest |
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The popsicle
Not all new
things are created by wise old scientists. Frank Epperson invented the
popsicle, fruit ice cream without milk, in 1905 when he was only 11
years old. Frank ________LEAVE__________ his drink outside on
the porch overnight with the stir stick in it.
That night the
temperature dropped and froze things, ________INCLUDE__________
Frank’s drink. That didn’t stop him from tasting it.
18 years ________LATE__________
Frank started his business.
Just over 1
billion popsicles _________EAT_________ in the US each
year. Out of the 30 flavors to choose from, orange has been the
favorite for many years.
Mother’s Day
We are a
family of four: my mom, my dad, my brother and I. One morning my dad
started ________COOK__________ breakfast.
Ben, my
________YOUNG__________ brother, asked him: «Why are you
making Mommy breakfast? Is she sick?»
«No,
dear,» replied her father, «it’s Mother’s Day.»
Immediately the boy had another question. «Oh,» he said,
«then _______BE___________ every other day Father’s
Day?»
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами, так чтобы
они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Каждый пропуск
соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B10. Впишите слова в поле
ответа.
The popsicle
Not all new |
LEAVE |
That night the |
INCLUDE |
18 years |
LATE |
Just over 1 |
EAT |
Mother’s Day
We are a |
COOK |
Ben, my |
YOUNG |
«No, |
BE |
|
8D1B3B |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
History of animated cartoons
Cartoon
animation has a long history. A cartoon is made by drawing many
pictures and showing them one after another so quickly that the
pictures _______FINAL___________ seem to move. The most
prominent of animated cartoons were made by Walt Disney.
Walt Disney,
the ________CREATE__________ of Mickey Mouse, is a legend of the
20th century.
He invented
the special camera which was used in his studios during the thirties
and forties to create ________ORIGIN__________ animated
pictures.
Through his
work he brought joy, _________HAPPY_________, and a universal
means of communication.
Walt Disney’s
worldwide _________POPULAR_________ is based upon the ideas his
name represents: imagination, optimism, and self-made success in the
American tradition.
Today moving
images are created with the help of computers. The first fully
computer-animated feature film, “Toy Story”, was very ________SUCCESS__________
and since then almost all animated cartoon films have moved to computer
graphics, including films such as the «Shrek» series.
Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными
буквами, так чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали
содержанию текста. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из
группы В11–В16. Впишите слова в поле ответа.
History of animated cartoons
Cartoon |
FINAL |
Walt Disney, |
CREATE |
He invented |
ORIGIN |
Through his |
HAPPY |
Walt Disney’s |
POPULAR |
Today moving |
SUCCESS |
|
098F91 |
Прочитайте Diana Diana had been hoping to get away by 5:00, so she could be To A24 ______ Diana adored her children. At first A25 ______ She read through the first page slowly, aware that any |
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9962C1 |
Прочитайте
приведенный ниже текст.
Does it ever snow in Brazil?
During winter
and sometimes even autumn and spring it snows in some cities of
southern Brazil. There are several cities _______KNOW________
for their snow, like Urupema and Urubici.
These cities ________BE_________ all in high areas, but even
places at sea level can have snow, although in small amounts and not every
year.
Brazil _____THINK_______ to be a “tropical paradise” which is
very wrong. Foreigners who travel to southern Brazil during autumn or
winter in search for some heat and beaches are often disappointed.
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они
грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски
полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из
группы B4–B6.
Brazil __________________ |
THINK |
These cities __________________ all in high areas, but |
BE |
Does it ever
snow in Brazil?
During winter |
KNOW |
|
c6673F |
Прочитайте Funny seagull thinks he is a cat A seagull was adopted He slept in a Преобразуйте, если необходимо,
Funny seagull thinks
|
||||||||
Прочитайте The largest snowfall in decades This week’s Преобразуйте,
The
|
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
Difficult landing
One airline
had a policy that required the first officer to stand at the door while
the passengers exited. He smiled and thanked them for ________FLY__________
the airline.
A pilot on this airline landed his plane into the runway really hard.
He thought that passengers ________HAVE__________ angry
comments.
However, it seemed that all of _________THEY_________ were too
shocked to say anything. Finally, everyone got off except for a little
old lady. She said, ‘Can I ask you a question?’ ‘Yes, Madam,’ said the
pilot. ‘What was it?’ the lady asked, ‘Did we land or were we shot
down?’
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они
грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски
полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из
группы B4–B6.
A pilot on this airline landed his plane into the |
HAVE |
Difficult
landing
One airline had a policy that required the first officer |
FLY |
However, it seemed |
THEY |
|
34c4e0 |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
The North Pole has melted again
Two weeks of
warm weather in the high Arctic have caused a lake to begin forming. To
be clear, the water _________SURROUND_________ the pole is not
sea water from the ocean.
It is _________MELT_________ ice water resting on a layer of ice
below. “It’s a shallow lake. It’s a cold lake. But it is, actually, a
lake,” writes William Wolfe of Canada.com.
That lake started to form on July 13 during a month of abnormally warm
weather – temperatures were 1-3 degrees Celsius higher than average in
the Arctic Ocean this month. In addition, the weather is likely to get
_________BAD_________ over the coming week. An Arctic cyclone will bring strong winds and rain.
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они грамматически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B6.
The North
Pole has melted again
Two weeks |
SURROUND |
It is |
MELT |
That lake started to form on July 13 during a month of |
BAD |
|
B4e317 |
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приведённый ниже текст.
Christmas trees
One Christmas
Eve the trees in a wood were very unhappy. They wished very much to
make Christmas stay, but they _________NOT KNOW_________ how to
do so. ‘We are so bare,’ complained one tree. ‘If we only had our
pretty green summer dresses,’ said other trees.
‘Hush, children, hush,’ whispered North Wind in a gentle voice, which
was unusual for the _________BAD_________ of all winds. ‘Go to
sleep.’ While they slept something happened.
When the trees awoke they found that someone, perhaps North Wind, had
cast over each of ________THEY__________ a lovely soft cloak of
spotless feathery white.
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они
грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски
полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из
группы B4–B6.
Christmas trees
One Christmas Eve the trees in a wood were very |
NOT KNOW |
When the |
THEY |
‘Hush, children, hush,’ whispered North Wind in a |
BAD |
|
BFAe10 |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
What a story!
Daniel, aged
4, returned from Sunday school with a new amusing Christmas story about
the Three Wise Men of the East. They _________BRING_________
gifts to the baby Jesus.
Daniel was so excited he just had to tell his parents, “I learned in
Sunday School all about the very _________ONE_________
Christmas. There wasn’t a Santa Claus then, so these three wise men on
camels had to deliver all the toys.
And Rudolph the Red-nosed Reindeer with his nose so bright ________NOT
LEAD__________ the sleigh, so they had to follow the big star in
the sky to find their way around”.
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они
грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски
полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из
группы B4–B6.
And Rudolph |
NOT LEAD |
What
a story!
Daniel, aged 4, returned from Sunday school with a new |
BRING |
Daniel was so |
ONE |
|
204ce7 |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
Growing old in England
Someone asked
the other day, ‘What was your favourite fast food when you were growing
up?’ ‘We ________NOT HAVE__________ fast food when I was growing
up,’ I informed him. ‘All the food was slow.’
‘Come on, you are not serious. Where did you eat?’ ‘In my childhood, it
________CALL__________ “at home,”’ I explained.
‘Mum cooked every day and when Dad got home from work, we
________SIT__________ down together at the dining room table,
and if I didn’t like what she had put on my plate I was allowed to sit
there until I did like it.’
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они грамматически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B6.
Growing
old in England
Someone |
NOT HAVE |
‘Mum |
SIT |
‘Come on, you are not serious. Where did you eat?’ |
CALL |
|
07A990 |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
He was too clever
Some people
want to show how clever they are and that may lead to trouble. Once a
professor _________TRAVEL_________ by boat. On his way he asked
the sailor: “Do you know biology, ecology, zoology, geography?”
The sailor said no to all his questions. The professor said: “What on
Earth do you know? You _________DIE_________ of illiteracy.”
After a while, the boat started _________SINK_________ . The
sailor asked the professor: “Do you know swiminology and escapology
from sharkology?” The professor said no. The sailor said, “Well,
sharkology and crocodilogy will eat your headology and bodyology and
you will dielogy because of your mouthology.”
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они
грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски
полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из
группы B4–B6.
The sailor said no to all his questions. The professor |
DIE |
After |
SINK |
He
was too clever
Some |
TRAVEL |
|
5BcAD1 |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
Do Canadians celebrate Thanksgiving?
Canadians
celebrate Thanksgiving Day, but on a different day. Their Thanksgiving
is on the _________TWO_________ Monday in October.
It happens so because harvest time comes ________EARLY__________
in Canada.
Canadians enjoy turkey, mashed potatoes, and pumpkin pie on
Thanksgiving, but they _________NOT ASSOCIATE_________ their
holiday with Pilgrims and the landing of the Mayflower. Instead, they
refer back to the landing of Martin Frobisher from England at
Newfoundland in 1578, 43 years before the Pilgrims landed in
Massachusetts.
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они
грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски
полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из
группы B4–B6.
Do
Canadians celebrate Thanksgiving?
Canadians celebrate Thanksgiving Day, but on a |
TWO |
Canadians enjoy turkey, mashed potatoes, and pumpkin pie |
NOT ASSOCIATE |
It happens so |
EARLY |
|
51cec7 |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
Russian inventions: holography
Do you know
what holography is? It is a technique ________BASE__________ on
lasers, which enable 3-D (three-dimensional) images to be made.
In 1962, Soviet physicist Yuri Denisyuk ________COME__________
up with the first reflection hologram also known as the “Denisyuk
hologram”.
Now the technology ________USE__________ in most holographic
displays and it was the first to allow multi-color image reproduction
in holograms.
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они грамматически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B6.
In 1962, Soviet physicist Yuri Denisyuk |
COME |
Now |
USE |
Russian
inventions: holography
Do |
BASE |
|
42e5A6 |
Прочитайте Who invented spaghetti, the Italians or the Chinese? When you think Преобразуйте,
Who invented
|
||||||||
Прочитайте What is the longest river in Europe? The Volga Преобразуйте, What is the
|
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
What is the oldest subway system in the world?
London’s Underground,
which opened in 1863, is the oldest subway system in the world. Despite
the name, about 55% of the subway network is above ground.
________MANY__________
than one billion passenger journeys were recorded in 2007.
The ________BUSY__________ station in the London Underground
network is Victoria station, which serves about 78 million passengers a
year.
The tube map, with its schematic and colour-coded layout, ________CONSIDER__________
a design classic.
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они грамматически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B6.
The __________________ station in the London |
BUSY |
The tube map, with its schematic and colour-coded |
CONSIDER |
What is the
oldest subway system in the world?
London’s __________________ than one billion passenger journeys |
MANY |
|
3A327e |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
Why do the Chinese call the Yellow River in China
“China’s Sorrow”?
The Huang He,
or Yellow River, in China is called “China’s Sorrow” by the Chinese
themselves. Since long ago, flooding _________BE_________ a
serious problem.
The ________BAD__________, most sorrowful flood on record
happened in 1931.
The waters began to rise in July, and by November of that year, more
than 40,000 square miles had been flooded, _________LEAVE_________
80 million people homeless.
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных
номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали
содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск
соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B6.
Why do the
Chinese call the Yellow River in China “China’s Sorrow”?
The Huang |
BE |
The __________________, |
BAD |
The waters |
LEAVE |
|
ec77D6 |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
He didn’t need advice
Once Mozart
was approached by a young man, who was interested in Mozart’s advice on
how to compose a symphony. Since he was still very young, Mozart
recommended that he should start by ________WRITE__________
ballads.
_________SURPRISE_________, the young man responded, “But you
wrote symphonies when you were only ten years old.”
“But I _________NOT HAVE_________ to ask,”
countered Mozart.
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они грамматически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B6.
__________________, |
SURPRISE |
He
didn’t need advice
Once Mozart |
WRITE |
“But I __________________ to ask,” countered |
NOT HAVE |
|
c984ec |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
Who discovered radioactivity?
Marie Curie’s
discovery of two naturally radioactive elements, polonium and radium,
made headline news. However, her real discovery was that atoms
_________NOT BE_________ small solid balls and that there must
be even _________SMALL_________ particles inside them. This
discovery opened the door to all atomic and subatomic research and even
to the splitting of the atom.
Curie carried out her research with radioactive elements before the
dangers of radioactivity ________UNDERSTAND__________. She
suffered from radiation sickness for most of her adult life. Indeed,
for many years after her death, her notebooks were still highly
radioactive.
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они грамматически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B6.
Who
discovered radioactivity?
Marie Curie’s discovery of two naturally radioactive |
NOT BE |
and |
SMALL |
Curie |
UNDERSTAND |
|
5eA080 |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
Star pilot
My
four-year-old brother Kevin wanted to become a pilot. But one dark
night he watched a plane ________MOVE__________ across a clear
sky.
As it disappeared, he heaved a relieved sigh and said, “Whew! I’m not
going to be a pilot!” ________SURPRISE__________, Mom asked,
“Why not?
“Do you realize,” Kevin replied wisely, “how hard it would be to steer
around all _________THAT_________stars?”
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они грамматически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B6.
Star
pilot
My four-year-old brother Kevin wanted to become a |
MOVE |
As it disappeared, he heaved a relieved sigh and said, |
SURPRISE |
“Do you realize,” Kevin replied wisely, “how hard |
THAT |
|
e66F97 |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
Does the plan work?
Brad
was a student in my after-school tutoring session. He was working
________LITTLE__________ than diligently.
“Brad,”
I said, “I talked to your mom, and she wants you to stay for the full
hour, so you may as well get something done.” “She wants you to keep me
every day for an hour?” he complained. “She wants you to learn it’s
________EASY__________ to work during regular class hours than
to give up after-school time.” Brad seemed to agree.
“So,”
I continued, “why not get your work done now so you can bring your
marks up and get your mom off your back?” “No!” he replied in horror.
“If I __________GET________ good marks now, she’ll think this
plan is working, and she’ll keep me in here until June!”
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они грамматически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B6.
“Brad,” I said, “I talked to |
EASY |
Does
the plan work?
Brad was a student in my after-school tutoring session. |
LITTLE |
“So,” I |
GET |
|
533534 |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
Why a zigzag?
Have you ever
noticed that when we climb hills we create zigzags? We don’t go
straight ahead but go in zigzags. It can mean walking 20 times as far, and
still a zigzag is ________FAST__________ than the shortest
distance between two points.
Researchers developed a mathematical model ________SHOW__________
that a zigzag provides the most efficient way for humans to go up or
down steep slopes.
They explain that zig-zagging ________REQUIRE__________
less effort.
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они грамматически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B6.
They explain that zig-zagging __________________ less |
REQUIRE |
Researchers |
SHOW |
Why
a zigzag?
Have you ever |
FAST |
|
083D2B |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
Russian rivers
Do you know Russian
rivers? Do you know what the ________LONG__________ river in
Russia is? It is the Volga River.
This river is a great source of hydroelectric power. The water from the
river ________USE__________ for irrigation.
Canals link the Volga River to the Baltic and White Seas. The Volga
________FREEZE__________ for most of its length for three months
each year.
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они грамматически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B6.
Russian
rivers
Do you know Russian rivers? Do you know what the |
LONG |
This river is a great source of hydroelectric power. The |
USE |
Canals link the Volga River to |
FREEZE |
|
04e147 |
Прочитайте New Zealand: geography New Zealand Преобразуйте,
New
|
||||||||
Прочитайте Global warming In northern Преобразуйте,
Global
|
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
New Zealand: history
What do you
know about the history of New Zealand? Maoris were the _________ONE_________
inhabitants of New Zealand, arriving to the islands in about 1000.
Maori oral history maintains that the Maoris came to the island in
seven canoes from other parts of Polynesia.
In 1642, New Zealand ________EXPLORE__________ by Abel Tasman, a
Dutch navigator.
British captain James Cook made three voyages to the islands, ________BEGIN__________
in 1769. Britain formally annexed the islands in 1840.
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они грамматически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B6.
New
Zealand: history
What do you know about the history of New Zealand? |
ONE |
British captain James Cook made three voyages to the |
BEGIN |
In 1642, New Zealand __________________ by Abel Tasman, |
EXPLORE |
|
c7439A |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
Kite fighting
Have you
ever heard of kite fighting? Kite fighting is a highly competitive
sport traditionally ________PLAY__________ in India, Afghanistan,
Pakistan, Thailand, and South America.
Each player hopes to get his or her kite to fly _________HIGH_________.
The players try to cut their opponents’ kite strings with sharp objects
imbedded in their kites.
________START__________ in the late 1990s, kite fighting gained
popularity in the USA and is now practiced throughout the country, with
an annual championship competition held in Washington state.
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они грамматически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B6.
__________________ in the late 1990s, kite fighting |
START |
Kite
fighting
Have you ever |
PLAY |
Each player |
HIGH |
|
cBBe40 |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
In thick fog
It was a foggy
night. In a very thick fog, a ship ________SAIL__________ very
slowly. Suddenly lights appeared forward on a collision course. The
Captain shouted through the mouthpiece: “Get out of my way! I am the
carrier ‘Manchester’! My displacement is 30,000 tons!”
A voice _______COME___________ through the fog in reply:
“You _________WELL_________ turn away yourself. I’m the light house!”
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они грамматически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B6.
“You __________________ turn away yourself. I’m the |
WELL |
A voice __________________ through the fog in reply: |
COME |
In
thick fog
It was a |
SAIL |
|
e18A98 |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
The purpose of education
A famous
professor greeted the first year undergraduates at the beginning of the
academic year. He _________TELL_________ them in his opening
remarks:
“Nothing you learn here at the university will be of slightest use to
you _________LATE_________, but one thing.
If you work hard, if you train your brain, you should be able to
understand when a man ________TALK__________ nonsense. And that,
in my view, is the main, if not the sole, purpose of education.”
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они грамматически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B6.
If you work |
TALK |
“Nothing you learn here at the university will be |
LATE |
The
purpose of education
A famous |
TELL |
|
B23D49 |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
Exotic pets
There is
no exact definition for “exotic” pets. This term usually refers to any
animal that ________NOT BE__________ domesticated yet.
Many people keep bears as pets. For example, Ivan the Terrible kept two
bears in his palace. They _________GIVE_________ to him by the
boyars.
Perhaps the ________EARLY__________ ruler in history with a soft
spot for bears was Ptolemy II, king of Egypt. He was fond of a “white
bear” kept in his private collection.
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они грамматически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B6.
Exotic
pets
There is no exact definition for “exotic” pets. This |
NOT BE |
Perhaps the |
EARLY |
Many people keep bears as pets. For example, Ivan the |
GIVE |
|
2DcA3F |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
Education for everyone
Thomas
Jefferson made a considerable contribution to the development of
education. He hoped that one day all young people on our planet
________HAVE__________ the right to education.
Today, his dream _________COME_________ true. At the global
level, the United Nations recognises the right of everyone to
education.
Although education is compulsory in most places, school attendance is
optional, therefore some parents choose home-schooling for their
_______CHILD___________.
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они грамматически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B6.
Today, his dream __________________ true. At the |
COME |
Education
for everyone
Thomas Jefferson made a considerable contribution to the |
HAVE |
Although education is compulsory in most places, school |
CHILD |
|
e5B5FB |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
A visit to the dentist
My tooth hurt
through the night. I had to take a painkiller to lessen the pain. ________BAD__________
of all, I did not sleep the whole night.
The next morning I told my mother about my toothache. It was obvious I
________NOT CAN__________
go to school. So I had to go to the dentist.
At nine o’clock we were waiting outside the dentist’s office. There was
a small crowd. The nurse came and opened the door. I was the _________ONE_________
patient to rush into the office.
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они
грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски
полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из
группы B4–B6.
The next morning I told my mother about my toothache. |
NOT CAN |
A
visit to the dentist
My tooth hurt through the night. I had to take a |
BAD |
At nine o’clock we were waiting |
ONE |
|
4ADDDD |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
Pets of my childhood
My pet history
began when I was five. One summer day, while my mother ________IRON__________
clothes with the window open, a nice canary flew in. We called it
Chirpy and it became our first pet.
Soon, while Chirpy was still alive, my parents bought a pair of
________MOUSE__________, whom we named Timmy and Tina.
Unfortunately, Timmy and Tina lived only two years, and after they died
we ________NOT GET____ any more pets.
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они грамматически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B6.
Pets
of my childhood
My pet |
IRON |
Soon, while Chirpy was still alive, my parents bought a |
MOUSE |
Unfortunately, Timmy and Tina lived only two years, and |
NOT GET |
|
4c025F |
Прочитайте Popular destination Barcelona Преобразуйте,
Popular
|
||||||||
Прочитайте Bears There are many Преобразуйте, Bears
|
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
What is acacia?
The name
acacia is given to a group of hundreds of different trees and shrubs.
Acacia trees are known for their ______LEAF____________.
They ________DIVIDE__________ into many small leaflets. This
makes them look feathery or fernlike.
Acacias have small, often fragrant, yellow or white flowers. Acacias
have different ways of protecting themselves. Their leafstalks may have
sharp thorns which keep animals from ________EAT__________ the
branches.
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они грамматически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B6.
Acacias have small, often fragrant, yellow or white |
EAT |
What
is acacia?
The name acacia is given to a group of hundreds of |
LEAF |
They |
DIVIDE |
|
e63B83 |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
The Aztec
In the 1400s
and early 1500s, the Aztec people controlled a vast empire in the area
that is now central and southern Mexico. The Aztec ruled ________THEY__________
empire from the great capital, Tenochtitlán.
It _______LOCATE___________ on the site of what is now Mexico
City.
The capital reflected the empire’s power and wealth, with its gleaming
white palaces and temples. The Spanish conquest of the city in 1521
marked the end of the Aztec Empire. The Indians ________LIVE__________
in the Mexico City region today, however, are largely descendants of
those whom the Spanish conquered.
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они грамматически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B6.
The capital |
LIVE |
It __________________ on the site of what is now Mexico |
LOCATE |
The
Aztec
In the 1400s and early 1500s, the Aztec people |
THEY |
|
c3BB88 |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
Baghdad
Baghdad is the
capital of Iraq. Located along historic trade routes, it ________BE__________
an important city in the Middle East for thousands of years.
It is also the _______LARGE___________ city in the country.
In 1991 and again in the early 2000s it was the scene of heavy fighting
during U.S. led attacks on Iraq. Parts of the
city _______DESTROY___________.
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они грамматически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B6.
In 1991 and again in the early 2000s it was the scene |
DESTROY |
Baghdad
Baghdad is |
BE |
It is also the __________________ city in the country. |
LARGE |
|
488BDF |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
Barbados
What do you
know about Barbados? This island country is located on an island group
in the Caribbean Sea _______LIE___________ to the east of the
West Indies.
It ________THINK__________ to have received its name from the Portuguese
word for ‘bearded’ because of the bearded fig trees that grow on the
island.
Bridgetown is the capital, ________LARGE__________
city and only seaport.
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они грамматически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B6.
Barbados
What do you |
LIE |
Bridgetown is the capital, __________________ city and |
LARGE |
It |
THINK |
|
44DF6c |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
Traffic lights
Have you ever
wondered about the origin of the green, yellow, and red colour scheme
for traffic lights? In 1920, in Detroit, the USA, a policeman ________NAME__________
William L. Potts invented the four-way, three-colour traffic signal.
It ________BASE__________ on the colours used in the railroad
system.
Thus, Detroit ________BECOME__________the first city to use the
red, green, and yellow lights to control road traffic.
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных
номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали
содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск
соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B6.
Thus, Detroit __________________the first city to use |
BECOME |
It __________________ on the colours used in the |
BASE |
Traffic
lights
Have you ever wondered about the origin of the green, |
NAME |
|
0F0F50 |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст.
The Beatles
The Beatles
were one of the most successful pop-music groups of the 1960s. Also
________CALL__________ the Fab Four, this quartet of British
musicians created songs and recordings that many people still enjoy.
The group _______BEGIN___________ in the working-class
neighbourhoods of Liverpool.
The Beatles’ first _______RECORD___________ song
was ‘Love Me Do’ (1962).
Преобразуйте,
если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами B4–B6, так, чтобы они грамматически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B6.
The group |
BEGIN |
The
Beatles
The Beatles |
CALL |
The Beatles’ first __________________ song was ‘Love Me |
RECORD |
|
20FFeA |
Прочитайте
приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова,
напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных
номерами 19–25, так, чтобы они
грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски
полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из
группы 19–25.
The Sydney Opera House
For many years
there was no good opera house in Australia. In 1954, Jorn Utzon from
Denmark _____WIN________ a competition organized by the Australian
government to build an opera house. The construction lasted for fourteen
years until 1973. Since then, the building _____BECOME________ the
symbol of Australia. The best way to visit the Sydney Opera House is to
see a show. In sunny weather visitors can take a picnic basket and enjoy
_______WALK_________ around the Botanic Gardens near the Opera
House.
My job in a restaurant
I was seventeen,
when I ______GIVE________ a job in a local fast food restaurant.
Training was for three days. During the _______ONE______ two days
I watched videos about my job. During the last day of orientation, I had
to be at the restaurant to see how things got done.I began work on
Saturday, which was the ______BUSY_______ day of the week. My
present job _____NOT CONNECT_____ with cooking. I work for a
computer company. I like it, but I miss
communicating with people.
The
Sydney Opera House
For many years there was no good opera house in |
WIN |
Since then, the building __________________ the symbol |
BECOME |
The best way to visit the Sydney Opera House is to see a |
WALK |
My
job in a restaurant
I was seventeen, when I __________________ a job in a |
GIVE |
Training was for three days. During the |
ONE |
I began work on Saturday, which was the |
BUSY |
My present job __________________ with cooking. I work |
NOT CONNECT |
|
A378B0 |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных
заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26–31, однокоренные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически и
лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски
полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из
группы 26–31.
Pronunciation is important
Some learners of
English think that pronunciation is not very important. That is ___ABSOLUTE_______
wrong. Even if you have an acceptable grasp of the English language, with
good grammar and an ___EXTEND_______ vocabulary, native English
speakers may find you very difficult to understand you if you don’t work
on your pronunciation. Correct, clear pronunciation is ______ESSENCE______
if you really want to improve your level of English. Pay particular
attention to any sounds that you are ___FAMILIAR____ with or that
do not exist in your native tongue. For example, ___RUSSIA______
have difficulty pronouncing the “th” sound, as it does not exist in their
native language. Remember that the pronunciation of certain English words
varies depending on the part of the world it’s spoken in. For example, American English differs ____GREAT_______
from British English.
Pronunciation
is important
Some learners of English think that pronunciation is |
ABSOLUTE |
Even if you have an acceptable grasp of the English |
EXTEND |
Correct, clear pronunciation is __________________ if |
ESSENCE |
Pay particular attention to any sounds that you are |
FAMILIAR |
For example, __________________ have difficulty |
RUSSIA |
Remember that the pronunciation of certain English words |
GREAT |
|
4EA644 |
|
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Прочитайте Annie Soon everything was As the days passed, Annie was hurt, she |
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
D95626 |
Прочитайте
приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова,
напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных
номерами 19–25, так, чтобы они
грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски
полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из
группы 19–25.
The name of Alaska
The name Alaska
comes from the Aleut word alaxsxaq, ______MEAN______ “object
toward which the action of the sea is directed” – that is, the
mainland. It is also known as Alyeska, the “great land”, an Aleut word
____FORM________ from the same root. Its nicknames are the Land of
the Midnight Sun and America’s Last Frontier. Its first nicknames were
“Seward’s folly” and “Seward’s icebox” to laugh at the secretary of state
who negotiated the purchase of Alaska from Russia, which _____CONSIDER_______
foolish at the time.
A landmark for the new millennium
Have you seen
the photos of the London Eye? The London Eye is a giant observation wheel
_____LOCATE_______ in the Jubilee Gardens on the South Bank of the
river Thames. The structure ____DESIGN_____ by the architectural
team of David Marks and Julia Barfield, husband and wife. They submitted
their idea for a large observation wheel as part of a competition to
design a landmark for the new millennium. None of the entrants _____WIN_______the
competition. However, the couple pressed on and eventually got the
backing of British Airways, who sponsored ____THEY______ project.
The
name of Alaska
The name Alaska comes from the Aleut word alaxsxaq, __________________ “object toward which the action |
MEAN |
It is also known as Alyeska, the “great land”, an Aleut |
FORM |
Its nicknames are the Land of the Midnight Sun and |
CONSIDER |
A landmark for
the new millennium
Have you seen the photos of the London Eye? The London |
LOCATE |
The structure __________________ by the architectural |
DESIGN |
They submitted their idea for a large observation wheel |
WIN |
However, the couple pressed on and eventually got the |
THEY |
|
FD1591 |
Прочитайте
приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова,
напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных
номерами 19–25, так, чтобы они
грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски
полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из
группы 19–25.
Canberra
What is the
capital of Australia? Many people think that it is Sydney, but in fact
the capital of Australia is Canberra, a city _____LOCATE______
about 240 kilometers southwest of Sydney. It is the heart of Australia’s
federal district, the Australian Capital Territory, which ____SURROUND______by
the state of New South Wales. In Canberra you can visit the National
Museum of Australia and learn about Australian peoples and _____THEY______
history.
Do it yourself
Our fire
department is often called when people get stuck in lifts. However, our
methods sometimes ____NOT WORK_______. That was the case once when
we tried all our tricks, but had to tell the trapped occupant:
«Sorry. There’s nothing we can do. We’ll have to wait for the lift
repairman to arrive and help ____WE_________ to get you out.»
«Great! Just great!» came the cry from the inside the lift.
«Elevator service was called quite a while ago,» I reassured
the fellow. I added that the lift serviceman ____BE___________here
any minute. The man sighed deeply. «The ______BAD________
thing is that I am the lift serviceman!»
Canberra
What is the capital of Australia? Many people think |
LOCATE |
It is the heart of Australia’s federal district, the Australian Capital Territory, which __________________by |
SURROUND |
In Canberra you can visit the National Museum of |
THEY |
Do
it yourself
Our fire |
NOT WORK |
That was the case once when we tried all our tricks, but |
WE |
«Great! Just great!» came the cry from the |
BE |
The man sighed deeply. «The __________________ |
BAD |
|
94489D |
Прочитайте
приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова,
напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных
номерами 19–25, так, чтобы они
грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски
полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из
группы 19–25.
The bank job
When Emma
started working in a big bank, she was always afraid someone might rob
her. On the ______THREE______ day, a man who looked suspicious
entered the bank. He walked straight to Emma who was sitting behind
bulletproof glass. Then he placed a note under her window. Being very
scared, Emma ____FALL_______ on the floor under the counter and
hit the alarm button. The guards came and the man ____ARREST_______.
Then Emma read the note. It said, “Would you have lunch with me?”
Memories
As people get
older, the part of the brain responsible for helping record new memories
becomes less efficient. New information ____HAVE____ more
difficulty getting in, but memories that were stored in the past do not
disappear.This is one of the reasons why elderly people often remember
details about _____THEY______ youth but sometimes forget what they
had for dinner the night before. One lady said, “Things ______CHANGE_______
a lot since I retired. But I try to keep in touch by sharing life stories
with others. For example, I talk with friends about the plot of a book or
a good movie. It makes me organize information and strengthens my memory.
Isolation is the ___BAD____ thing”.
The
bank job
When Emma started working in a big bank, she was |
THREE |
He walked straight to Emma who was sitting behind |
FALL |
The guards came and the man __________________. Then |
ARREST |
Memories
As people get older, the part of the brain responsible |
HAVE |
This is one of the reasons why elderly people often |
THEY |
One lady said, “Things __________________ a lot since I |
CHANGE |
For example, I talk with friends about the plot of a |
BAD |
|
60FF4C |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных
заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26–31, однокоренные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически и
лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски
полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из
группы 26–31.
Santorini
Santorini is a
small group of Greek islands. They were formed due to a ___VOLCANO___
eruption about 3,600 years ago. Volcanos are still very active in the
area. Tourists can fly to Santorini or take a ferry and enjoy the ____NATURE____
beauty in summer, when the islands are crowded and busy. In winter
Santorini seems _____POPULATED______ and ferry service is not
regular. On one side of Santorini, ____VISIT______ get a view of
the local villages. This area is ___HIGH______ developed and rich.
On another side of the islands tourists can enjoy black sand beaches and
swim near the volcano. The third part of Santorini displays ancient
ruins. Although this section is not popular among tourists, it is a
well-known site for ____ARCHEOLOGY_______. In fact, legends say
that Santorini is the place where the lost civilization of Atlantis was
once located.
Santorini
Santorini is a small group of Greek islands. They were |
VOLCANO |
Tourists can fly to Santorini or take a ferry and enjoy |
NATURE |
In winter Santorini seems __________________ and ferry |
POPULATED |
On one side of Santorini, __________________ get a view |
VISIT |
This area is __________________ developed and rich. On |
HIGH |
Although this section is not popular among tourists, it |
ARCHEOLOGY |
|
68F415 |
Прочитайте A “The Polar Express” is The book 33 ______ This is one of the |
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|
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|
40BE3C |
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных
заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26–31, однокоренные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически и
лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски
полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из
группы 26–31.
St. Basil’s Cathedral
St. Basil’s
Cathedral in Moscow was built between 1555 and 1561. According to
legends, Ivan the Terrible blinded its ______BUILD________ so that
he could never build such a magnificent structure again. However, these
legends seem _____TRUE_______. Old documents say that the same
Russian architect built another cathedral in Vladimir later. There is a
deep contrast between the _____COLOUR______ exterior of the church
and its modest interior. People can see very few _____DECORATE_____
and very narrow corridors inside. Several times throughout its history,
the cathedral suffered ___TERRIBLE_____ from fires and enemy
attacks. In one legend, Napoleon even wanted to take the church back to
France with him. As he couldn’t do this, he ordered his army to destroy
the church. The soldiers had already lit up the gunpowder, but a ____MYSTERY______
rain prevented the fire.
St.
Basil’s Cathedral
St. Basil’s Cathedral in Moscow was built between 1555 |
BUILD |
However, these legends seem __________________. Old |
TRUE |
There is a deep contrast between the __________________ |
COLOUR |
People can see very few __________________ and very |
DECORATE |
Several times throughout its history, the cathedral |
TERRIBLE |
In one legend, Napoleon even wanted to take the church |
MYSTERY |
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Прочитайте “The Polar “The Polar Express” is “The Polar Express” is |
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Прочитайте The Eiffel Tower The Eiffel Tower My summer job I like my summer The
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Прочитайте The smartphone Nowadays The
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Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных
заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26–31, однокоренные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически и
лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски
полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из
группы 26–31.
Glass
You can hardly
imagine a world without glass. Glass plays an indispensable role in
______VARY_______ scientific fields, in industry, and in
telecommunications. It is used throughout the home, at work, and often in
play. For centuries, glasswork has been a _____DECORATE_______
form of art. One of the greatest benefits of glass is that it lets in
light and provides _____PROTECT______ from the weather at the same
time. Glass windowpanes admit daylight but keep out cold or ______STORM________
weather. Electric bulbs transmit light but keep out the oxygen that would
cause their hot filaments to burn up. Television picture tubes enable
____VIEW_______ to see the image that is formed inside the tube.
Glass jars and bottles can reveal their contents without being opened.
The principal reasons for the widespread use of glass are that most glass
products can be made _____CHEAP________ and many kinds of glass
can be made to suit particular purposes.
Glass
You can hardly imagine a world without glass. Glass |
VARY |
For centuries, glasswork has been a __________________ |
DECORATE |
One of the greatest benefits of glass is that it lets in |
PROTECT |
Glass windowpanes admit daylight but keep out cold or |
STORM |
Electric bulbs transmit light but keep out the oxygen |
VIEW |
The principal reasons for the widespread use of glass |
CHEAP |
Task 1 Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.
Fire Crews Hunt Escaped Hamster
Eight firefighters have been called in to help find an escaped hamster. Two crews used a chocolate-covered camera and a vacuum cleaner A ____ , called Fudgie, at the home of a six-year-old girl in Dunbar, Scotland.
The girl’s mother said: ‘We came down for breakfast and discovered Fudgie had opened the top lid of her cage and had made her way into the kitchen and we think she has gone В ____ .’
The fire crews spent five hours trying to recover the pet after it ran down a hole in the kitchen floor. But, the hamster still refused С ____ .
In the search for Fudgie, the firefighters took the family cooker and gas pipes apart. They also dropped a mini-camera coated with chocolate under the floorboards. They then hoped to take out the hamster using a vacuum cleaner. Despite all their efforts, they failed to find Fudgie.
In the end, the firefighters put another camera down the hole D ____ , connected to the screen of the family home computer, to see if Fudgie appeared. Besides, the girl and her parents regularly dropped food E ____ .
At last, after eight days the hamster returned to her cage safe and sound. She crawled from the hole in the kitchen floor early in the morning. It was the girl’s father who first found Fudgie F ____ .
The girl said that day it was like Christmas morning for her. Her parents added that they too felt extremely happy when Fudgie had finally returned.
-
through a small hole in the floor
-
through the hole for the hamster
-
and locked the runaway hamster
-
to come out of the hole
-
to look after the pet
-
to try and locate the missing hamster
-
and left it under the floorboards
Ответ |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
6 |
1 |
4 |
7 |
2 |
3 |
Task 2
Speed of eating is ‘key to obesity’
If you eat very quickly, it may be enough to increase your risk of being overweight, research suggests.
Osaka University scientists looked at the eating habits of 3,000 people. Just about half of them told researchers that they A ______ . Compared with those who did not eat quickly, fast-eating men were 84% more likely to be overweight, and women were 100% more likely to В ______ .
Japanese scientists said that there were a number of reasons why eating fast С ______ . They said it could prevent the work of a signalling system which tells your brain to stop eating because your stomach is full. They said: ‘If you eat quickly you basically fill your stomach before the system has a chance to react, so you D _____ .
The researchers also explained that a mechanism that helps make us fat today, developed with evolution and helped people get more food in the periods when they were short of it. The scientists added that the habit of eating fast could be received from one’s parents genes or E ______ .
They said that, if possible, children should be taught to F ______ , and allowed to stop when they felt full up at mealtimes. ‘The advice of our grandmothers about chewing everything 20 times might be true — if you take a bit more time eating, it could have a positive influence on your weight.
-
just overfill your stomach
-
could be bad for your weight
-
have a habit of eating quickly
-
linked to obesity
-
eat as slowly as possible
-
put on weight
-
learned at a very early age
Ответ |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
3 |
6 |
2 |
1 |
7 |
5 |
Task 3
Hi-Tech Brings Families Together
Technology is helping families stay in touch like never before, says a report carried out in the US.
Instead of driving people apart, mobile phones and the Internet are A ____ . The research looked at the differences in technology use between families with children and single adults. It found that traditional families have more hi-tech gadgets in their home В ____ . Several mobile phones were found in 89% of families and 66% had a high-speed Internet connection. The research also found that 58% of families have more С ____ .
Many people use their mobile phone to keep in touch and communicate with parents and children. Seventy percent of couples, D ____ , use it every day to chat or say hello. In addition, it was found that 42% of parents contact their children via their mobile every day.
The growing use of mobile phones, computers and the Internet means that families no longer gather round the TV to spend time together. 25% of those who took part in the report said they now spend less time E ____ . Only 58% of 18—29 year olds said they watched TV every day. Instead the research found that 52% of Internet users who live with their families go online F ____ several times a week and 51% of parents browse the web with their children.
Some analysts have worried that new technologies hurt families, but we see that technology allows for new kinds of connectedness built around cell phones and the Internet/ said the report.
-
than any other group
-
watching television
-
in the company of someone else
-
than two computers in the home
-
communicated with their families
-
helping them communicate
-
owning a mobile
Ответ |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
6 |
1 |
4 |
7 |
2 |
3 |
Task 4
The Power of ‘Hello’
I work at a company where there are hundreds of employees. I know most of them and almost all of them know me. It is all based on one simple principle: I believe every single person deserves to be acknowledged, A ______ .
When I was about 10 years old, I was walking down the street with my mother. She stopped to speak to Mr. Lee. I knew I could see Mr. Lee any time around the neighborhood, В ______ .
After we passed Mr. Lee, my mother said something that has stuck with me from that day until now. She said, ‘You let that be the last time you ever walk by somebody and not open up your mouth to speak, because even a dog can wag its tail С______ . That phrase sounds simple, but it has been a guidepost for me and the foundation of who I am. I started to see that when I spoke to someone, they spoke back. And that felt good. It is not just something I believe in — D ______ . I believe that every person deserves to feel someone acknowledges their presence, no matter how unimportant they may be.
At work, I always used to say ‘hello’ to the founder of the company and ask him how our business was doing. But I was also speaking to the people in the cafe, and asked how their children were doing. I remembered after a few years of passing by the founder, I had the courage to ask him for a meeting. We had a great talk.
At a certain point, I asked him E ______ . He said, ‘If you want to, you can get all the way to this seat.’ I have become vice president, but that has not changed the way I approach people. I speak to everyone I see, no matter where I am. I have learned that speaking to people creates a pathway into their world, F ______ .
-
it has become a way of life.
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when it passes you on the street.
-
when you see him and talk to him.
-
and it lets them come into mine, too.
-
so I did not pay any attention to him.
-
however small or simple the greeting is.
-
how far he thought I could go in his company.
Ответ |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
6 |
5 |
2 |
1 |
7 |
4 |
Task 5
Friendship and Love
A strong friendship takes a significant amount of time to develop. It will not just magically mature overnight. A friendship involves committing oneself to help another person A ______ . I believe that, nothing can replace a true friend, not material objects, or money, and definitely not a boy.
I met this guy a couple summers ago who I ended up spending almost all of my free time with. His parents did not approve of our dating because of our age difference, В ______ . He had told me the day we met that he had joined the air force and would leave for overseas that coming October. After three months had past, the time came when he had to leave. This left me feeling completely alone.
I turned to my friends for support, but to my surprise, С ______ . I had spent so much time with this guy and so little time with them, that they did not feel sorry for me when he left. For so long they had become the only constant in my life, and I had taken them for granted over something D ______ .
When my boyfriend came back, our relationship changed. I tried to fix all the aspects in my life that had gone so wrong in the previous six months.
This experience taught me that true friendships will only survive if one puts forth effort to make them last. Keeping friends close will guarantee that E ______ . When a relationship falls apart, a friend will always do everything in their power to make everything less painful. As for me, I try to keep my friends as close as I can. I know they will always support me in whatever I do, and to them, I F ______ .
-
but we did anyway.
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whenever a need arises.
-
they did not really care.
-
whenever they need your help.
-
could not guarantee would even last.
-
am eternally grateful for a second chance.
-
someone will always have a shoulder to cry on.
Ответ |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
2 |
1 |
3 |
5 |
7 |
6 |
Task 6
Mobile phones
On New Year’s Day, 1985, Michael Harrison phoned his father, Sir Ernest, to wish him a happy new year. Sir Ernest was chairman of Racal Electronics, the owner of Vodafone, A ______ .
At the time, mobile phones weighed almost a kilogram, cost several thousand pounds and provided only 20 minutes talktime. The networks themselves were small; Vodafone had just a dozen masts covering London. Nobody had any idea of the huge potential of wireless communication and the dramatic impact В ______ .
Hardly anyone believed there would come a day when mobile phones were so popular С ______ .But in 1999 one mobile phone was sold in the UK every four seconds, and by 2004 there were more mobile phones in the UK than people. The boom was a result of increased competition which pushed prices lower and created innovations in the way that mobiles were sold.
When the government introduced more competition, companies started cutting prices to attract more customers. Cellnet, for example, changed its prices, D ______ . It also introduced local call tariffs.
The way that handsets themselves were marketed was also changing and it was Finland’s Nokia who made E ______ . In the late 1990s Nokia realized that the mobile phone was a fashion item: so it offered interchangeable covers which allowed you to customize and personalize your handset.
The mobile phone industry has spent the later part of the past decade reducing its monthly charge F ______ , which has culminated in the fight between the iPhone and a succession of touch screen rivals.
-
trying to persuade people to do more with their phones than just call and text
-
that there would be more phones in the UK than there are people
-
and relying instead on actual call charges
-
that mobile phones would have over the next quarter century
-
the leap from phones as technology to phones as fashion items
-
and his son was making the first-ever mobile phone call in the UK
-
the move to digital technology, connecting machines to wireless networks
Ответ |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
6 |
4 |
2 |
1 |
5 |
3 |
Task 7
London Zoo
London Zoo is one of the most important zoos in the world. There are over 12,000 animals at London Zoo and A ______ ! Its main concern is to breed threatened animals in captivity. This means we might be able to restock the wild, should disaster ever befall the wild population.
Partula Snail, Red Crowned Crane, Arabian Oryx, Golden Lion Tamarin, Persian Leopard, Asiatic Lion and Sumatran Tiger are just some of the species London Zoo is helping to save.
That is why it is so important that we fight to preserve the habitats that these animals live in, as well as eliminate other dangers В ______ . But we aim to make your day at London Zoo a fun and memorable time, С ______ .
In the Ambika Paul Children’s Zoo, for instance, youngsters can learn a new love and appreciation for animals D ______ . They can also learn how to care for favourite pets in the Pet Care Centre.
Then there are numerous special Highlight events E ______ unforgettable pony rides to feeding times and spectacular animal displays. You will get to meet keepers and ask them what you are interested in about the animals they care for, F ______ .
Whatever you decide, you will have a great day. We have left no stone unturned to make sure you do!
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such as hunting exotic animals and selling furs
-
as well as the ins and outs of being a keeper at London Zoo
-
which take place every day, from
-
because they see and touch them close up
-
despite the serious side to our work
-
which demand much time and effort
-
that is not counting every ant in the colony
Ответ |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
7 |
1 |
5 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
Task 8
‘Second Stonehenge’ discovered near original
Archaeologists have discovered evidence of what they believe was a second Stonehenge located a little more than a mile away from the world-famous prehistoric monument.
The new find on the west bank of the river Avon has been called «Bluestonehenge», after the colour of the 25 Welsh stones of A______.
Excavations at the site have suggested there was once a stone circle 10 metres in diameter and surrounded by a henge — a ditch with an external bank, according to the project director, Professor Mike Parker Pearson, of the University of Sheffield.
The stones at the site were removed thousands of years ago but the sizes of the holes in B ______ indicate that this was a circle of bluestones, brought from the Preseli mountains of Wales, 150 miles away.
The standing stones marked the end of the avenue C _____, a 1¾-mile long processional route constructed at the end of the Stone Age. The outer henge around the stones was built about 2400BC but arrowheads found in the stone circle indicate the stones were put up as much as 500 years earlier.
Parker Pearson said his team was waiting for results of radiocarbon dating D _____ whether stones currently in the inner circle of Stonehenge were originally located at the other riverside construction.
Pearson said: «The big, big question is when these stones were erected and when they were removed — and when we get the dating evidence we can answer both those questions.»
He added: «We speculated in the past E ______ at the end of the avenue near the river. But we were completely unprepared to discover that there was an entire stone circle. Another team member, Professor Julian Thomas, said the discovery indicated F______was central to the religious lives of the people who built Stonehenge. «Old theories about Stonehenge that do not explain the evident significance of the river will have to be rethought,» he said. Dr Josh Pollard, project co-director from the University of Bristol, described the discovery as «incredible».
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which could reveal
-
which they stood
-
which it was once made up
-
that this stretch of the river Avon
-
that there might have been something
-
that it should be considered as integral part
-
that leads from the river Avon to Stonehenge
Ответ |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
3 |
2 |
7 |
1 |
5 |
4 |
Task 9
Australia
Australia was the last great landmass to be discovered by the Europeans. The continent they eventually discovered had already been inhabited for tens of thousands of years.
Australia is an island continent A _____ is the result of gradual changes wrought over millions of years.
B ____, Australia is one of the most stable land masses, and for about 100 million years has been free of the forces that have given rise to huge mountain ranges elsewhere.
From the east coast a narrow, fertile strip merges into the greatly eroded Great Dividing Range, C ____.
The mountains are merely reminders of the mighty range, D ____. Only in the section straddling the New South Wales border with Victoria and in Tasmania, are they high enough to have winter snow.
West of the range of the country becomes increasingly flat and dry. The endless flatness is broken only by salt lakes, occasional mysterious protuberances and some mountains E ____. In places the scant vegetation is sufficient to allow some grazing. However, much of the Australian outback is a barren land of harsh stone deserts and dry lakes.
The extreme north of Australia, the Top End, is a tropical area within the monsoon belt. F ____, it comes in more or less one short, sharp burst. This has prevented the Top End from becoming seriously productive area.
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that once stood here
-
that is almost continent long
-
whose property is situated to the north of Tasmania
-
whose landscape — much of bleak and inhospitable
-
whose beauty reminds of the MacDonald Ranges
-
Although its annual rainfall looks adequate on paper
-
Although there is still seismic activity in the eastern highland area
Ответ |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
4 |
7 |
2 |
1 |
5 |
6 |
Task 10
Scotland Yard
Scotland Yard is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police in London. To most people, its name immediately brings to mind the picture of a detective — cool, efficient, ready to track down any criminal, or a helmeted police constable — A____ and trusty helper of every traveller from overseas.
Scotland Yard is situated on the Thames Embankment close to the Houses of Parliament and the familiar clock tower of Big Ben, and its jurisdiction extends over 740 square miles with the exception of the ancient City of London, B____.
One of the most successful developments in Scotland Yard’s crime detection and emergency service has been the “999 system”. On receipt of a call the 999 Room operator ascertains by electronic device the position of the nearest available police car, C ____. Almost instantly a message is also sent by teleprinter to the police station concerned so that within seconds of a call for assistance being received, a police car is on its way to the scene. An old-established section of the Metropolitan police is the Mounted Branch, with its strength of about 200 horses stabled at strategic points. These horses are particularly suited to ceremonial occasions, D ____.
An interesting branch of Scotland Yard is the branch of Police Dogs, first used as an experiment in 1939. Now these dogs are an important part of the Force. One dog, for example, can search a warehouse in ten minutes, E ____.
There is also the River Police, or Thames Division, which deals with all crimes occurring within its river boundaries.
There are two other departments of Scotland Yard – the Witness Room (known as the Rogues’ Gallery) where a photographic record of known and suspected criminals is kept, and the Museum, F ____.
-
which is contacted by radio
-
that familiar figure of the London scene
-
for they are accustomed to military bands
-
which possesses its own separate police force
-
which contains murder relics and forgery exhibits
-
that this policeman will bring the criminal to justice
-
whereas the same search would take six men an hour
Ответ |
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B |
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D |
E |
F |
2 |
4 |
1 |
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7 |
5 |
Task 11
Harry Potter course for university students
Students of Durham University are being given the chance to sign up to what is thought to be the UK’s first course focusing on the world of Harry Potter. Although every English-speaking person in the world knows about Harry Potter books and films, few have thought of using them as a guide to … modern life.
The Durham University module uses the works of JK Rowling A ______ modern society. “Harry Potter and the Age of Illusion” will be available for study next year. So far about 80 undergraduates have signed В ______ a BA degree in Education Studies. Future educationalists will analyse JK Rowling’s fanfiction from various points of view.
A university spokesman said: “This module places the Harry Potter novels in a wider social and cultural context.” He added that a number of themes would be explored, С ______ the classroom, bullying, friendship and solidarity and the ideals of and good citizenship.
The module was created by the head of the Department of Education at Durham University. He said the idea for the new module had appeared in response D ______ body: “It seeks to place the series in its wider social and cultural context and will explore some fundamental issues E ______ . You just need to read the academic writing which started F ______ that Harry Potter is worthy of serious study.”
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up for the optional module, part of
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to emerge four or five years ago to see
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to examine prejudice, citizenship and bullying in
-
such as the response of the writer
-
including the world of rituals, prejudice and intolerance in
-
to growing demand from the student
-
such as the moral universe of the school
Ответ |
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B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
3 |
1 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
2 |
Task 12
Laughing and evolution
The first hoots of laughter from an ancient ancestor of humans could be heard at least 10 million years ago, according to the results of a new study. Researchers used recordings of apes and babies being tickled A ______ to the last common ancestor that humans shared with the modern great apes, which include chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans.
The finding challenges the opinion В ______ , suggesting instead that it emerged long before humans split from the evolutionary path that led to our primate cousins, between 10m and 16m years ago.
“In humans, laughing can be the strongest way of expressing how much we are enjoying ourselves, but it can also be used in other contexts, like making fun of someone,” said Marina Davila Ross, a psychologist at Portsmouth University. “I was interested in С ______ .”
Davila Ross travelled to seven zoos around Europe and visited a wildlife reserve in Sabah, Borneo, to record baby and juvenile apes D ______ . Great apes are known to make noises that are similar to laughter when they are excited and while they are playing with each other.
Davila Ross collected recordings of laughter from 21 chimps, gorillas, orangutans and bonobos and added recordings of three babies that were tickled to make them laugh.
To analyze the recordings, the team put them into a computer program. “Our evolutionary tree based on these acoustic recordings alone showed E ______ , but furthest from orangutans, with gorillas somewhere in the middle.” said Davila Ross. “What this shows is strong evidence to suggest F ______ .”
-
whether laughing emerged earlier on than humans did
-
to create the evolutionary tree linking humans and apes
-
that laughter is a uniquely human trait
-
that humans were closest to chimps and bonobos
-
that laughing comes from a common primate ancestor
-
while their caretakers tickled them
-
to trace the origin of laughter back
Ответ |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
7 |
3 |
1 |
6 |
4 |
5 |
Task 13
Nenets culture affected by global warming
For 1,000 years the indigenous Nenets people have migrated along the 450-mile- long Yamal peninsula in northern Russia. In summer they wander northwards, taking their reindeer with them. In winter they return southwards.
But this remote region of north-west Siberia is now being affected by global warming. Traditionally the Nenets travel across the frozen River Ob in November A ___ around Nadym. These days, though, this annual winter migration is delayed. Last year the Nenets, together with many thousands of reindeer, had to wait until late December В ____ .
“Our reindeer were hungry. There wasn’t enough food,” Jakov Japtik, a Nenets reindeer herder, said. “The snow is melting sooner, quicker and faster than before. In spring it’s difficult for the reindeer to pull the sledges. They get tired,” Japtik said.
Herders say that the peninsula’s weather is increasingly unpredictable — with unseasonal snowstorms С ___, and milder longer autumns. In winter, temperatures used to go down to -50°C. Now they are normally around -30°C, according to Japtik. “Obviously we prefer -30°C. But the changes aren’t good for the reindeer D ___,” he said, setting off on his sledge to round up his reindeer herd.
Even here, in one of the most remote parts of the planet, E __ . Last year the Nenets arrived at a regular summer camping spot and discovered that half of their lake had disappeared. The water had drained away after a landslide. The Nenets report other curious changes — there are fewer mosquitoes and a strange increase in flies. Scientists say there is unmistakable evidence F ___ .
-
when the ice was finally thick enough to cross
-
that the impact on Russia would be disastrous
-
the environment is under pressure
-
and in the end what is good for the reindeer is good for us
-
and set up their camps in the southern forests
-
that Yamal’s ancient permafrost is melting
-
when the reindeer give birth in May
Ответ |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
5 |
1 |
7 |
4 |
3 |
6 |
Task 14
Duration of life and its social implications
The world’s population is about to reach a landmark of huge social and economic importance, when the proportion of the global population over 65 outnumbers children under 5 for the first time. A new report by the US census bureau shows A____ , with enormous consequences for both rich and poor nations.
The rate of growth will shoot up in the next couple of years. The В ___ a combination of the high birth rates after the Second World War and more recent improvements in health that are bringing down death rates at older ages. Separate UN forecasts predict that the global population will be more than nine billion by 2050.
The US census bureau was the first to sound the С ___ . Its latest forecasts warn governments and international bodies that this change in population structure will bring widespread challenges at every level of human organization, starting with the structure of the family, which will be transformed as people live longer. This will in turn place new burdens on careers and social services providers, D ___ for health services and pensions systems.
“People are living longer and, in some parts of the world, healthier lives,” the authors conclude. “This represents one of the greatest achievements of the last century but also a significant challenge E ___ population.”
Ageing will put pressure on societies at all levels. One way of measuring that is to look at the older dependency ratio, F ___ that must be supported by them. The ODR is the number of people aged 65 and over for every 100 people aged 20 to 64. It varies widely, from just six in Kenya to 33 in Italy and Japan. The UK has an ODR of 26, and the US has 21.
-
which recently replaced Italy as the world’s oldest major country
-
alarm about these changes
-
a huge shift towards an ageing population
-
change is due to
-
while patterns of work and retirement will have huge implications
-
which shows the balance between working-age people and the older
-
as proportions of older people increase in most countries
Ответ |
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E |
F |
3 |
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2 |
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6 |
Task 15
Elephants sense ‘danger’ clothes
St Andrews University researchers discovered that elephants could recognise the degree of danger posed by various groups of individuals. The study found that African elephants always reacted with fear A ______ previously worn by men of the Maasai tribe. They are known to demonstrate their courage by В ______ .
The elephants also responded aggressively to red clothing, which defines traditional Maasai dress.
However, the elephants showed a much milder reaction to clothing previously worn by the Kamba people, С ______ and pose little threat.
The researchers first presented elephants with clean, red clothing and with red clothing that had been worn for five days by D ______ .
They revealed that Maasai-smelt clothing motivated elephants to travel significantly faster in the first minute after they moved away.
They then investigated whether elephants could also use the colour of clothing as a cue to classify a potential threat and found the elephants reacted with aggression E ______ . This suggested that they associated the colour red with the Maasai.
The researchers believe the distinction in the elephants’ emotional reaction to smell and colour might be explained by F ______ . They might be able to distinguish among different human groups according to the level of risk they posed.
«We regard this experiment as just a start to investigating precisely how elephants ‘see the world’, and it may be that their abilities will turn out to equal or exceed those of our closer relatives, the monkeys and apes,» researchers added.
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either a Maasai or a Kamba man
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who do not hunt elephants
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when they detected the smell of clothes
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who carried out the research
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the amount of risk they sense
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spearing elephants
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when they spotted red but not white cloth
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Task 16
Culture and customs
In less than twenty years, the mobile telephone has gone from being rare, expensive equipment of the business elite to a pervasive, low-cost personal item. In many countries, mobile telephones A ___ ; in the U.S., 50 per cent of children have mobile telephones. In many young adults’ households it has supplanted the land-line telephone. The mobile phone is В ___ , such as North Korea.
Paul Levinson in his 2004 book Cellphone argues that by looking back through history we can find many precursors to the idea of people simultaneously walking and talking on a mobile phone. Mobile phones are the next extension in portable media, that now can be С ___ into one device. Levinson highlights that as the only mammal to use only two out of our four limbs to walk, we are left two hands free D ___ — like talking on a mobile phone.
Levinson writes that “Intelligence and inventiveness, applied to our need to communicate regardless of where we may be, led logically and eventually to telephones that we E ___ .”
Given the high levels of societal mobile telephone service penetration, it is a key means for people F ___ . The SMS feature spawned the «texting» sub-culture. In December 1993, the first person-to-person SMS text message was transmitted in Finland. Currently, texting is the most widely-used data service; 1.8 billion users generated $80 billion of revenue in 2006.
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to perform other actions
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outnumber traditional telephones
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to communicate with each other
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combined with the Internet
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to serve basic needs
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banned in some countries
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carry in our pockets
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Task 17
My Stage
My family moved to Rockaway, New Jersey in the summer of 1978. It was there that my dreams of stardom began.
I was nine years old. Heather Lambrix lived next door, and she and I became best friends. I thought she was so lucky A ___ . She took tap and jazz and got to wear cool costumes with bright sequences and makeup and perform on stage. I went to all of her recitals and В ___ .
My living room and sometimes the garage were my stage. I belonged to a cast of four, which consisted of Heather, my two younger sisters, Lisa and Faith, and I. Since I was the oldest and the bossiest, I was the director. Heather came with her own costumes С ___ . We choreographed most of our dance numbers as we went along. Poor Faith … we would throw her around D ___ . She was only about four or five … and so agile. We danced around in our bathing suits to audiocassettes and records from all the Broadway musicals. We’d put a small piece of plywood on the living room carpet, E ___ . And I would imitate her in my sneakers on the linoleum in the hall. I was a dancer in the making.
My dad eventually converted a part of our basement into a small theater. He hung two “spotlights” and a sheet for a curtain. We performed dance numbers to tunes like “One” and “The Music and the Mirror” from A Chorus Line. I sang all the songs from Annie. I loved to sing, F ___. I just loved to sing. So I belted out songs like “Tomorrow”, “Maybe” and “What I Did For Love.” I knew then, this is what I wanted to do with my life.
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like she was a rag doll
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whether I was good at it or not
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wished I, too, could be on stage
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and I designed the rest
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and I was star struck
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so Heather could do her tap routine
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because she got to go to dance lessons
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Task 18
Cat’s punctuality
Sergeant Podge, a Norwegian Forest Cat, disappears from his owner’s home in a small town in Kent, every night. But what baffles his owner, Liz Bullard, mostly is the fact that the next morning, the 12-year-old cat always pops up in exactly the same place, A ___ . And every morning Ms. Bullard takes her son to school before collecting Sergeant Podge.
She said that the routine had set in earlier this year, when Sergeant Podge disappeared one day. Ms. Bullard spent hours telephoning her neighbours В ___ .
An elderly woman living about one and a half miles away called back to inform Ms. Bullard that she had found a cat matching Sergeant Podge’s description. Ms. Bullard picked him up but within days he vanished from sight again. She rang the elderly woman С ___ .
She said a routine has now become established, where each morning she takes her son to school before driving to collect Sergeant Podge D ___ .
It is thought Sergeant Podge walks across a golf course every night to reach his destination.
Ms. Bullard said: “If it’s raining he may be in the bush but he comes running if I clap my hands.” All she has to do is open the car passenger door from the inside for Sergeant Podge to jump in.
Ms. Bullard also makes the trip at weekends and during school holidays — E ___ .
She does not know why, after 12 years, Sergeant Podge has begun the routine but explained that another woman who lived nearby used to feed him sardines, and that he may be F ___ .
His owner doesn’t mind his wandering off at night as long as she knows where to collect him.
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on the look-out for more treats
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from the pavement between 0800 and 0815 GMT
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to discover Sergeant Podge was back outside her home
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on a pavement about one and a half miles (2.4km) away
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to identify if anyone had bumped into him
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when her son is having a lie-in
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collected by car every morning
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Task 19
Do you speak English?
When I arrived in England I thought I knew English. After I’d been here an hour I realized that I did not understand one word. In the first week I picked up a tolerable working knowledge of the language and the next seven years convinced me gradually but thoroughly that I A ______ , let alone perfectly. This is sad. My only consolation being that nobody speaks English perfectly.
Remember that those five hundred words an average Englishman uses are B ______ . You may learn another five hundred and another five thousand and yet another fifty thousand and still you may come across a further fifty thousand C ______ .
If you live here long enough you will find out to your greatest amazement that the adjective nice is not the only adjective the language possesses, in spite of the fact that D ______ . You can say that the weather is nice, a restaurant is nice, Mr. Soandso is nice, Mrs. Soandso’s clothes are nice, you had a nice time, E ______ .
Then you have to decide on your accent. The easiest way to give the impression of having a good accent or no foreign accent at all is to hold an unlit pipe in your mouth, to mutter between your teeth and finish all your sentences with the question: “isn’t it?” People will not understand much, but they are accustomed to that and they will get a F ______ .
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whatever it costs
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most excellent impression
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you have never heard of before, and nobody else either
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in the first three years you do not need to learn or use any other adjectives
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would never know it really well
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far from being the whole vocabulary of the language
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and all this
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Task 20
Before the Hubble Space Telescope was launched, scientists thought they knew the universe. They were wrong.
The Hubble Space Telescope has changed many scientists’ view of the universe. The telescope is named after American astronomer Edwin Hubble, A ______ .
He established that many galaxies exist and developed the first system for their classifications.
In many ways, Hubble is like any other telescope. It simply gathers light. It is roughly the size of a large school bus. What makes Hubble special is not what it is, B ______ .
Hubble was launched in 1990 from the “Discovery” space shuttle and it is about 350 miles above our planet, C ______ .
It is far from the glare of city lights, it doesn’t have to look through the air, D ______ .
And what a view it is! Hubble is so powerful it could spot a fly on the moon. Yet in an average orbit, it uses the same amount of energy as 28100-watt light bulbs. Hubble pictures require no film. The telescope takes digital images E ______ .
Hubble has snapped photos of storms on Saturn and exploding stars. Hubble doesn’t just focus on our solar system. It also peers into our galaxy and beyond. Many Hubble photos show the stars that make up the Milky Way galaxy. A galaxy is a city of stars.
Hubble cannot take pictures of the sun or other very bright objects, because doing so could “fry” the telescope’s instruments, but it can detect infrared and ultra violet light F ______ .
Some of the sights of our solar system that Hubble has glimpsed may even change the number of planets in it.
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which is above Earth’s atmosphere.
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which are transmitted to scientists on Earth.
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which is invisible to the human eye.
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who calculated the speed at which galaxies move.
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so it has a clear view of space.
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because many stars are in clouds of gas.
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but where it is.
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Task 21
The science of sound, or acoustics, as it is often called, has been made over radically within a comparatively short space of time. Not so long ago the lectures on sound in colleges and high schools dealt chiefly with the vibrations of such things as the air columns in organ pipes. Nowadays, however, thanks chiefly to a number of electronic instruments engineers can study sounds as effectively A ____ . The result has been a new approach to research in sound. Scientists have been able to make far-reaching discoveries in many fields of acoustics B _____ .
Foremost among the instruments that have revolutionized the study of acoustics are electronic sound-level meters also known as sound meters and sound-intensity meters. These are effective devices that first convert sound waves into weak electric signals, then amplify the signals through electronic means C ______ . The intensity of a sound is measured in units called decibels. “Zero” sound is the faintest sound D ______ . The decibel measures the ratio of the intensity of a given sound to the standard “zero” sound. The decibel scale ranges from 0 to 130. An intensity of 130 decibels is perceived not only as a sound, but also E ______ . The normal range of painlessly audible sounds for the average human ear is about 120 decibels. For forms of life other than ourselves, the range can be quite different.
The ordinary sound meter measures the intensity of a given sound, rather than its actual loudness. Under most conditions, however, it is a quite good indicator of loudness. Probably the loudest known noise ever heard by human ears was that of the explosive eruption in August, 1883, of the volcano of Krakatoa in the East Indies. No electronic sound meters, of course, were in existence then, but physicists estimate that the sound at its source must have had an intensity of 190 decibels, F ______ .
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and finally measure them.
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since it was heard 3,000 miles away.
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and they have been able to put many of these discoveries to practical use.
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that loud sound is of high intensity.
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as they study mechanical forces.
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as a painful sensation in the ear.
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that the unaided human ear can detect.
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Task 22
Chocolate
Chocolate is made from a number of raw and processed foods produced from the seeds of tropical cacao trees. Cacao has been cultivated in A ______ at least 3000 years. For most of this time it was made into a drink called, in translation — “bitter water”. This is because В ______ to be fermented to develop a palatable flavour. After fermentation the beans are dried and roasted and the shell is removed to produce cacao nibs. These are then ground and liquefied into chocolate liquor. The liquor is then processed into cocoa solids or cocoa butter. Pure chocolate contains primarily cocoa solids and butter in different proportions. Much of С ______ with added sugar. Milk chocolate is sweetened chocolate that additionally contains either milk powder or condensed milk. White chocolate on the other D ______ is therefore not a true chocolate. Chocolate contains theobromine and phenethylamine which have physiological effects on the body. It is similar to serotonin levels in the brain. Scientists claim E ______ , can lower blood pressure. Recently, dark chocolate has also been promoted for its health benefits. But pet owners should remember that the presence of theobromine makes it toxic to cats and dogs. Chocolate is now one F______ , although 16 of the top 20 chocolate consuming countries are in Europe. Also interesting is that 66% of world chocolate is consumed between meals.
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the chocolate consumed today is made
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that chocolate, eaten in moderation
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central and southern America for
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of the world’s most popular flavours
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hand contains no cocoa solids and
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cacao seeds are intensely bitter and have
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many countries worldwide at
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Task 23
Reality TV
Reality TV seems to dominate broadcasting these days. But what is it, how did it emerge and why on earth is it so popular? The first question is easily answered. Reality TV A ______ presents unscripted, dramatic or humorous situations or events. It can involve celebrities В ______ of the public. Reality TV has been gradually growing in importance for over 60 years. “Candid Camera” — the show that filmed ordinary people reacting to set ups and pranks — started in 1948. Some people, however, believe it was the Japanese with their awful shows in the 1980s and 90s that brought reality TV to centre stage. Others believe С ______ that is called “Big Brother” was the show that spawned the reality TV age. But why are the shows so popular? Different theories come to life. Some believe that it is D ______ we like to watch horrible behaviour: the same instinct that once inspired the ancient Romans to go and watch gladiators destroy each other at the Coliseum. Others suggest a kind of voyeurism is involved there — an unhealthy curiosity to spy on other people’s lives.
Whatever the real reason — the trend seems to have already peaked. A lot of such shows E ______ or are expected to go in the near future. And the replacement seems to be talents shows — watching competitions in dance, singing and general entertainment. Does it mean that people are changing? It is too early to say. Most agree that these F ______ .
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due to basic human instinct that
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is still early to judge
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are simply the cycles of fashion
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but more usually the stars are members
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that the television phenomenon
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is a type of programme that
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seem to have disappeared
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Task 24
Mikhail Lomonosov and Moscow State University
Mikhail Lomonosov was one of the intellectual titans of XVIII century. His interests ranged from history, rhetoric, art and poetry A ______ . Alexander Pushkin described him as В ______ , whose lifelong passion was learning.
Lomonosov’s activity is a manifestation of the enormous potential of the Russian scientific community. Peter I reformed Russia, which allowed the country to reach the standard of С ______ many spheres. Great importance was placed on education. St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, founded by Peter I, established a university and a grammar school to educate intellectuals and researchers the country needed; however, these educational establishments could not fulfill the task they took on. It was Michail Lomonosov D ______ of establishing a university in Moscow. An influential courtier and the E ______ Count Shuvalov supported Lomonosov’s plans for a new university and presented them to the Empress.
In 1755, on 25 January-St. Tatiana’s Day according to the Russian Orthodox Church calendar — Elizaveta signed the decree that a university should be founded in Moscow. The opening ceremony took place on 26 April, when Elizaveta’s coronation day was celebrated. Since 1755 25 January and 26 April F ______ Moscow University; the annual conference where students present the results of their research work is traditionally held in April.
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who suggested in his letter to Count Shuvalov the idea
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to mechanics, chemistry and mineralogy
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a person of formidable willpower and keen scientific mind
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favourite of Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, the patron of arts and science
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the contemporary European powers in
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are marked by special events and festivities at
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famous among all educated people
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Task 25
Window Shopping
The day would be spent with my best friends Kath and Kate. We are actually three Catherines (by birth spelt with a C), A______ we are all K’s: Kat (that’s me), Kath and Kate — the 3K Window Shopping gang!
Window shopping is simply wonderful. You can look at any outfit. You can try on В ______ not a single item on sale for which the price is a problem. You will try something on, ponder, pout, twirl, think hard, check yourself in the mirror one last time and finally reflect С ______ right for you! The highlight of this regular adventure however, is generally the 3K chocolate and ice cream break in the Shopping Centre’s top floor cafii Of course we do not believe that we are wasting anyone’s time. We do D ______ as well, but a reliable equation for us is — 3Ks + shopping mall = a good time.
But E ______ out to be especially memorable. One of the stores had a questionnaire lottery with the first prize being a voucher worth £200. We filled in the question forms while in the cafiiand returned to the store by their 2.00pm deadline. Kate won the first prize but we had decided in advance that if any of us won something, we would share equally: All for one К and one for all! At this point our morning of window shopping paid off. We completed F ______ slightly less than 10 minutes: three skirts, three hats and three belts and three very OK, K’s.
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not like to spend our time
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that it’s probably not quite
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that particular day turned
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our real shopping in
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sometimes go shopping for real
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anything you want and there is
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but when we are together
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Task 26
The Hotel
“Have you stayed with us before sir?” asked the receptionist. His accent sounded middle-European; Czech possibly or Polish. Actually I hadn’t stayed at this particular hotel before A ______ to many others from the same chain that I had stayed at. “No — first time” I replied with unnecessary brevity. The thing is I always feel В ______ rather than treated as an individual. Every word that I was about to hear, I had heard before — delivered no doubt from the depths of a tourism and hospitality course. “Welcome to Newcastle sir. Is this your first visit to our city? Can I trouble you to complete this form? Actually the first two lines and the signature at the bottom will do. Would you like С ______ , Sir? This will automatically unlock room facilities like mini-bar and telephone and any other extras you may require. Can I see your passport sir?” The questions and information D ______ responses were actually required and I handed over my passport, credit card and partly filled out form. I was tempted to write under name and address “Donald Duck, Duck Towers, Disney Street” — E ______ ever read the form again. But being a creature of habit I wrote my real name and address. While my card was being processed I looked across the reception area through the wall height windows to the beautiful River Tyne. A wave of nostalgia came over me. It was good to be back. I found myself thinking about her again and wondering F ______ a voice broke in: “It’s a plastic key card sir. You also need it to activate the lift and when you get to your room, plug it into the switch on the left as you open the door. It will automatically supply electricity to the room. Any help with your baggage? No? Then enjoy your stay”. The accomplished young Pole smiled as he delivered the final command and duly processed, I proceeded to the card activated lift.
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me to take a print of your credit card
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points poured out smoothly, no verbal
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if I would even see her when
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although it seemed virtually identical
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so sure was I that nobody would
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me to help you with your luggage
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as if I am being processed like a product
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Task 27
Lindsay Wildlife Museum
Lindsay Wildlife Museum is a unique natural history and environmental education centre where visitors can listen to the cry of a red-tailed hawk, go eye-to-eye with a grey fox and watch a bald eagle eat lunch. More than fifty species of native California animals are on exhibit here.
Thousands of school children learn about the natural environment in their classrooms A ____ of the museum. Nature- and science- oriented classes and trips are offered for adults and children. More than 600 volunteers help to feed and care for wild animals, В _____. Volunteers are active in the museum’s work, contributing С ____.
The museum was founded by a local businessman, Alexander Lindsay. Sandy, as friends knew him, started teaching neighborhood children about nature in the early 1950s. Initially housed in an elementary school, the museum began offering school-aged children summer classes, D ____.
After nearly a decade of the museum operation, it became apparent E ____. With a new 5,000 square-foot home, the museum could now develop and display a permanent collection of live, native wildlife and natural history objects. People came to the museum for help with wild animals F ___ urban growth. In response, a formal wildlife rehabilitation programme — the first of its kind in the United States of America — began in 1970.
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that a permanent, year-round site was necessary
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as well as field trips focused on the natural world
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many hours of service to wildlife care and fundraising
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that had been injured or orphaned because of intense
-
that needed public attention and a new building
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as well as teach children and adults about nature
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through education programmes and on-site tours
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Task 28
America’s fun place on America’s main street
If any city were considered a part of every citizen in the United States, it would be Washington, DC. To many, the Old Post Office Pavilion serves A ____. If you are in the area, be a part of it all by visiting us — or В ____. Doing so will keep you aware of the latest musical events, great happenings and international dining, to say the least.
Originally built in 1899, the Old Post Office Pavilion embodied the modern spirit С ____. Today, our architecture and spirit of innovation continues to evolve and thrive. And, thanks to forward-thinking people, you can now stroll through the Old Post Office Pavilion and experience both D ____ with international food, eclectic shopping and musical events. All designed to entertain lunch, mid-day and after work audiences all week long.
A highlight of the Old Post Office Pavilion is its 315-foot Clock Tower. Offering a breath-taking view of the city, National Park Service Rangers give free Clock Tower tours every day! Individuals and large tour groups are all welcome. The Old Post Office Clock Tower also proudly houses the official United States Bells of Congress, a gift from England E ____. The Washington Ringing Society sounds the Bells of Congress every Thursday evening and on special occasions.
Visit the Old Post Office Pavilion, right on Pennsylvania Avenue between the White House and the Capitol. It is a great opportunity F ____, this is a landmark not to be missed no matter your age.
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that are offered to the visitors
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its glamorous past and fun-filled present
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as a landmark reminder of wonderful experiences
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by joining our e-community
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that was sweeping the country
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celebrating the end of the Revolutionary War
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to learn more about American history
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Task 29
Number of teenagers with Saturday job drops
The number of teenagers with Saturday jobs has dropped. Young people do not acquire any experience for their CVs — a crucial step towards getting full-time work. The proportion of teenagers combining part-time jobs with school or college has slumped from 40% in the 1990s to around 20% now, according to the UK Commission for Employment and Skills (UKCES), a government agency. Latest figures show that only A ____ in 1997.
The trend is not just recession-related, but the result of an increasing expectation В ____ well as a falling number of Saturday jobs, according to the report. Many of the jobs that young people do, such as bar work, are in long-term decline, and are forecast to decline further over the next decade.
«Recruiters place significant emphasis on experience С ____,» the report says. Word of mouth is the most common way to get a job, D _____ young people are unable to build up informal contacts, it adds.
Ms. Todd, a commissioner at the UKCES, said: «There’s more emphasis on doing well at school, young people are finding less time to do what they would have done a few years ago.» «I think it’s also the changing structure of the labour market. Retail is still a big employer, E ____. As a consequence, we need to think about how we get young people the work experience they need.»
A new initiative to send employees into state schools to talk about their careers was also launched recently. The scheme, Inspiring the Future, is meant to give state schoolchildren access to the kind of careers advice that private schools offer. The deputy prime minister said: «The power of making connections F ____ and can be life-changing.»
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that it was researching the system of funding education after 16
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260,000 teenagers have a Saturday job compared with 435,000
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but young people are leaving education increasingly less experienced
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that inspire young people is immeasurable
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but an increasing shortage of work experience means
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that young people should stay on at school, as
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but a lot more of it is being done online
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Task 30
Lots of fun in Cardiff
As you would expect of a capital city, Cardiff offers a huge choice of exciting sport and entertainment throughout the year.
Every March the city celebrates St. David, Wales’ patron saint, with parades and music. August sees the International Festival of Street Entertainment, with the heart of the city A ____. Family fun days in the parks and at the waterfront are part of this sensational summer scene. Brass and military bands are often to be seen on Cardiff s streets. Between May and October the world’s only seagoing paddle steamer cruises from Cardiff’s seaside resort.
In autumn the fun continues with Cardiff s Festival of the Arts В _____. Music is at the centre of the festival, with international stars С ____. Christmas in Cardiff is full of colour and festivities. The truly spectacular Christmas illuminations have earned Cardiff the title of «Christmas City». And there is entertainment for all the family, D ____.
There is always something happening in Cardiff. The BBC National Orchestra of Wales and Welsh National Opera can both be heard here. Cardiff previews many London «West End» shows E _____.
The city’s range of accommodation facilities is truly impressive, F ____. And with a city as compact as Cardiff there are places to stay in all price brackets.
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from international names to family-run guest houses
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joining some of Wales’ most talented musicians
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having their summer holidays in Cardiff
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that usually attract hundreds of theatre lovers
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which features music, film, literature and graphics
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from pantomimes to Christmas tree celebrations
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beating with dance and theatrical performances
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Task 31
Changing image
For more than 200 years Madame Tussaud’s has been attracting tourists from all over the world and it remains just as popular as it ever was. There are many reasons for this enduring success, but at the heart of it all is good, old-fashioned curiosity.
Madame Tussaud’s original concept has entered a brand new era of interactive entertainment A _____. Today’s visitors are sent on a breathtaking journey in black cabs through hundreds of years of the past. They have a unique chance to see the great legends of history, В _____ of politics.
Much of the figure construction technique follows the traditional pattern, beginning whenever possible with the subject С _____ and personal characteristics. The surprising likeliness of the wax portraits also owes much to many stars D _____, either by providing their stage clothes, or simply giving useful advice.
The museum continues constantly to add figures E ____ popularity. The attraction also continues to expand globally with established international branches in New York, Hong Kong, Amsterdam and many other cities. And they all have the same rich mix of interaction, authenticity and local appeal.
The museum provides a stimulating and educational environment for schoolchildren. Its specialists are working together with practicing teachers and educational advisors to create different programmes of activities, F ____.
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as well as resources on art, technology and drama
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as well as the idols of popular music and the icons
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who is sitting to determine exact measurements
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ranging from special effects to fully animated figures
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ranging from all kinds of souvenirs to sports equipment
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that reflect contemporary public opinion and celebrity
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who are eager to help in any possible way they can
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Task 32
Saturday jobs: memories of weekend working
Research has shown a sharp fall in the number of teenagers who do Saturday jobs. It seems such a shame — my Saturday job as a kitchen porter was something of a rite of passage. I’ll never forget long hours A _____, scouring grease off huge saucepans and griddles. Working atmosphere there helped me grow a thicker skin, develop quicker banter and, most importantly, taught me the value of hard work. It also resulted in a steady supply of cash, В ____. I’m not the only one who has strong memories of weekend work. DJ Trevor Nelson said everyone should be able to have a Saturday job: «It taught me a lot, С ____.»
The link between the type of Saturday job a celebrity performed and their later career is sometimes obvious. Dragon’s Den star and businessman Peter Jones, for example, showed early promise by starting his own business. «I passed my Lawn Tennis Association coaching exam, D ____,» he explains. «At the start I was coaching other kids, E ____, for which I could charge £25-30 an hour. While my friends on milk rounds were getting £35 a week, I was doing five hours on a Saturday and earning four times as much.»
Skier Chemmy Alcott got a job working for the Good Ski Guide, on the advertising side. «It became clear to me what my personal value to companies could be. It led directly to me finding my head sponsor … and it offered me an eight-year contract. That gave me the financial backing F ____.»
As part of its response to the Saturday job statistics, the UK Commission for Employment and Skills said a lack of early work opportunities makes it harder for young people to acquire experience for their СVs.
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and things would be different if everyone was given the chance
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which let me know he approved of me
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and I persuaded my local club to let me use a court on Saturdays
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which I needed to become a professional skier
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which I would happily spend as I liked
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that I spent in the kitchen of a busy country pub in East Sussex
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but soon I got adults wanting to book lessons
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Task 33
Orient Express
In the early 1860s, trains were the preferred way to travel. They weren’t particularly comfortable, however, until American engineer George Mortimer Pullman decided to make trains more luxurious.
By the late 1860s, trains furnished not only sleeping cars, but kitchen and dining facilities, where A _____. This was innovative for the time, and was aimed to encourage people В _____. The first of these Pullman trains in England ran from London to Brighton and used electricity for illumination.
In 1881, another railway entrepreneur, George Nagelmacker, introduced the use of a restaurant car onboard, and the first Orient Express train service was begun. Running from Paris to Romania the route included Strasbourg, Vienna, Budapest and Bucharest.
Thanks to the 12 mile Simplon Tunnel, С _____, the Orient Express expanded, including a route to Istanbul, and the legendary romance of the Orient Express was in full swing.
Everyone in the social register, including royalty, chose to travel on the wheels of that luxury hotel D _____ in wealthy surroundings. Legends, stories, and intrigue surrounded those trips to exotic places, and those famous people E _____.
Unfortunately, during World War II this luxury travel was closed for the most part, and later, after the war, F ____ to start it again. Within the next few years airplane travel became popular, and train passenger service declined.
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elegant meals were served to passengers
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to use trains for long distance travel and vacations
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who rode the train
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who wrote about it
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which connected Switzerland and Italy
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that served dishes and wines
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there was no money
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Task 34
Arizona’s world class cruise
Spectacular Canyon Lake is situated in the heart of the Superstition Mountains in Arizona, giving home to the Dolly Steamboat. The Dolly Steamboat, A ____, now cruises the secluded inner waterways of this beautiful lake. It is worth exploring this favourite destination of President Theodore Roosevelt who declared, «The Apache Trail and surrounding area combines the grandeur of the Alps, the glory of the Rockies, the magnificence of the Grand Canyon and then adds something В ____.» You will marvel as you travel up to the national forest, which provides the most inspiring and beautiful panorama С ____. Every trip brings new discoveries of rock formations, geological history, and the flora and fauna distinct to the deserts of Arizona.
Once aboard the Dolly Steamboat, you may view the majestic desert big horn sheep, bald eagles and a host bird of other wildlife, water fowl, D ____. Experience the unique sound harmony that is created by the waters of Canyon Lake. Stretch out and relax at one of the tables or stand next to the railings on the deck. There is plenty of leg room on the Dolly. You will get a unique chance to listen to the captain E ____.
All the passengers are treated with outstanding service and personal attention to every need. Feel free to ask questions, move about and mingle with the crew. So enjoy an unforgettable vacation cruise and see F ____ ,like a ride on Arizona’s Dolly Steamboat.
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that nature has ever created in the wild
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that none of the others have
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hovering over the magnificent lake
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who retells the legends of the mysterious past
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for yourself why there is nothing quite
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who pays much attention to children’s safety
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continuing a tradition of cruising since 1925
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Task 35
US Congress
The Congress of the United States of America is an important part of the US federal government.
It is an assembly of elected representatives A ____ but not to select the chief executive of the nation; that individual is elected by the people.
Congress is not a single organization; it is a vast and complex collection of organizations B ____ and through which members of Congress form alliances.
C ____, in which political parties are the only important kind of organization, parties are only one of many important units in Congress.
In fact other organizations have grown in number D ____.
The Democrats and Republicans in the House and the Senate are organized by party leaders, E ____ within the House and Senate. The party structure is essentially the same in the House as in the Senate, though the titles of various posts are different.
But leadership carries more power in the House than in the Senate because of the House rules. F _____, the House must restrict debate and schedule its business with great care; thus leaders who do the scheduling and who determine how the rules shall be applied usually have substantial influence.
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as party influence has declined
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against the spirit of the Constitution
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being so large (435 members)
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empowered to make laws
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unlike the British Parliament
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by which the business of Congress is carried on
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who in turn are elected by the full party membership
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Task 36
The Trailblazers
In the early 1800s, the area that would become the western United States was completely undeveloped.
Explorers, hunters, traders, and settlers had to blaze their own trails. A____ to move possessions and supplies became common place.
Manifest Destiny was the belief that Americans had a God-given right to take over the continent. As they moved west, settlers used this policy B_____ to new people and territories.
Trails increased trade opportunities between western and eastern regions, and the U.S. economy prospered C_____ on each other for goods.
To achieve Manifest Destiny, the United States purchased land from other countries or conquered territory D_____ until its borders stretched from coast to coast.
More than one-half million people chose to travel West on trails between 1800 and 1870, E_____.
As new technology spread across the West, however, the use of trails came to an end. The railroads built thousands of miles of tracks, and, F ____, a cheap, relatively safe, and quick way to transport people and supplies to western areas existed.
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to spread U.S. ideas and government
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for the first time in history
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thus replacing them forever
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as territories became interdependent
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the use of covered wagons
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by taking land from Native peoples
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forming the largest mass migration in history
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Task 37
A Young Mayor
This is a very unusual case, but as you will see, unusual doesn’t mean impossible.
An 18-year-old school girl has become the youngest mayor of a British town in history. Amanda Bracebridge, A_____, won leadership of Clun village council in a dramatic election last night. The tiny village only has 122 voters and Amanda won the election by just two votes from the only other candidate, 69-year-old Fred Gardner of the Conservative party. Amanda, B _____, was an independent candidate. She was surprised by her success, C _____. “My election promise was to make sure D _____,” she told us. She was referring to the plans from a large company to buy up farmland and build flats there. “We live in one of the most beautiful villages in Shropshire and I want to make sure it stays that way.”
Amanda, who is in her last year at nearby Bishop’s Castle High School, E _____ and her exams which she takes in two months. “It’s going to be a pretty busy few months,” she said. “But when the exams are over I will be able to concentrate completely on helping my village”.
Amanda had plans to go to university but is now going to start a year later F _____. “I’ve talked to Leeds University and they say my place will wait for me”. And what is she going to study? Politics? “No, actually, I am going to do sociology and economics”.
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who is not a member of any political party
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that our village would be protected from outside interests
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but it was not a total shock to her
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being a politics student at the university
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so she can do her job as mayor properly
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who is only just old enough to vote herself
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will have to find time for her work as mayor
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Task 38
Is there enough to say?
They only appeared about ten years ago but already they are everywhere, everyone’s got one. They are the wonder of the modern age — mobile phones, or cell phones, A ____. Apparently, mobile phones are now used by about 2.5 billion people worldwide, and about one billion new mobile phones are sold every year worldwide. Go back to 1997, and only 100 million were sold. As we can see, the mobile phone business B_____.
And the developments keep on coming. Once we could only make phone calls; now mobile phones C_____ and do many other useful things. Once we had to hold our mobile phones in our hand; now we can use throat microphones. What next? We are told that soon, tiny microphones will be implanted into our lips. We’ll be able to dial numbers just by saying them.
But surely we need to ask ourselves: What’s good about this? OK, we can talk to other people almost all the time now — but is that so great? Watch and listen to people when a plane has landed. Anxious D _____, dial a number, and then: “It’s me, I’m here. I’ll be there in twenty minutes.” Is this communication? Is this what all these years of technology have brought us to?
In the early days of communication there were letters. When they arrived at your house, you knew they had been delivered by a man E _____.
In those days, people would think very hard before they wrote a letter. You had to have a good reason to write — communication was serious. Now it’s not — people phone each other F ____. Once the phone was a way for people far away from each other to talk — now it’s just an excuse to talk.
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has been developed very quickly
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not understand why they are doing it for
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as Americans call them
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riding halfway across the country on a horse
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just because they can
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can also be used to take and send photos
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fingers immediately switch on the mobile phone
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Task 39
Promoting language learning
The European Union (EU) is committed to supporting the rights of its citizens to personal and professional mobility, and their ability to communicate with each other. It does so by A_____ to promote the teaching and learning of European languages. These programmes have at least one thing in common: they cover cross-border projects involving partners from two, and often three or more, EU countries.
The EU programmes are designed to complement the national education policies of member countries. Each government is responsible for its own national education policy, B_____. What the EU programmes do is to create links between countries and regions via joint projects, C____.
Since 2007 the main programmes have been put under the overall umbrella of the EU’s lifelong learning programme. All languages are eligible for support under this programme: official languages, regional, minority and migrant languages, D____. There are national information centres in each country, E_____.
The cultural programmes of the EU also promote linguistic and cultural diversity in a number of ways. The “Media” programme funds the dubbing and subtitling of European films for F ____. The “Culture” programme builds cross-cultural bridges by supporting the translation of modern authors into other EU languages.
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and the languages of the EU’s major trading partners
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which includes language teaching and learning
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cinemas and television in other EU countries
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which enhance the impact of language teaching and learning
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funding a number of educational programmes
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and encouraging people to learn new languages
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where details about the application procedures are given
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Task 40
Starting your own business
What are the reasons for starting your own business? One of them is because you believe you are the best in that line or because you have a product or service that has never been offered to the market before. Another is that you are a person in a real hurry and cannot suffer the A_____ to reach your goals. Sometimes it is because you have an inheritance B_____ soon after you set up a business or that there already is a cash purse with loose strings and you want to make the best of this bonanza.
If your reasons are any or all of the above, abandon the thought right now and save yourself the disillusionment C____ into the world of commerce.
Start your own business just for the sake of doing a trade, or for D____. Do not burden yourself with lofty notions of superiority when compared to your peers. When setting out to start your own business, be emotional about it, but not impractical; don’t be led by your heart, but be dictated by your mind.
Having covered those parts that are not taught in a business school, let us look at E____ your own business. You should start with a SWOT analysis – strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats – analyze these for yourself, for partners in your business, if any, and for the business itself.
If the result of the analysis is encouraging, then prepare a business plan. It is like a road map for actions in the near foreseeable future to achieve your business goals. Finally, execute the business plan with precision; tweak it as you go along, only so that it helps to meet the end goal of successfully F_____ the business.
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the essentials of starting
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that awaits when you step
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trials and tribulations of employment
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establishing and conducting
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preparing a business plan
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waiting to be acquired
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undertaking the commercial activity
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Task 41
Archaeology done underwater
Nautical archaeology is the science of finding, collecting, preserving, and studying human objects that have become lost or buried under water. It is a fairly modern field of study since it depends on having the technology to be able to remain underwater for some time to do real work. Whether it is conducted in freshwater or in the sea, A____, nautical archaeology is another way of learning more about the human past.
Although some use the words nautical archaeology to mean a specialized branch of underwater archaeology, B____, most consider the term to mean the same as the words underwater archaeology or marine
archaeology. All of these interchangeable terms mean simply C_____.
Once real trade began, it is safe to say D_____ was probably transported over water at some point in time. By studying submerged objects, we can learn more about past human cultures. In fact, studying ancient artifacts is the only way to learn anything about human societies E_____. Being able to examine the actual objects made and used by ancient people not only adds to the written records they left behind, but allows us to get much closer to the reality of what life was like when they lived. Also, if we pay close attention to how the objects were made and used, we begin to get a more realistic picture of F_____.
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that existed long before the invention of writing
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that nearly every object made by humans
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what those people were really like
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which is concerned only with ships and the history of seafaring
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that it is the study of archaeology done underwater
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and whether it finds sunken ships or old cities
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and what was discovered underwater
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Task 42
Visiting the Royal Parks
London has a well-deserved reputation as one of the greenest cities in Europe, with a huge number of open spaces across the center of the city. Tourists A_____ can always relax in a lovely, quiet London park.
The Royal Parks, such as St James’s, Green Park, the Regent’s Park, Hyde Park, Richmond, Greenwich, Bushy Park and Kensington Gardens, are beautifully maintained and popular with locals and visitors alike. Many are former hunting estates of English monarchs, preserved as open space B______. They are ideal places to relax and sunbathe in summer, enjoy gorgeous flower beds in spring C_____.
The Royal Parks provide fantastic green routes in London D______ and through some of the most attractive areas of the capital. Picnics in the parks are also a popular activity especially during the busy summer months.
Dogs are welcome in all the Royal Parks, although there are some places E_____. These are clearly indicated within each park and are usually ecologically sensitive sites, children’s play areas, restaurants, cafes and some sports areas. Ground nesting birds are particularly sensitive to disturbance by dogs and people. So it is necessary to observe the warning signs F____. In Bushy Park and Richmond Park dogs should be kept away from the deer.
The Royal Parks are for everyone to enjoy.
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that are displayed during the nesting season
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while the city has grown up around them
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and admire the changing leaves as autumn arrives
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where they are not allowed or should be kept on a lead
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who are tired of the noise, crowds and excitement of sightseeing
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who does not know the route to the place of destination
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that take cyclists away from traffic
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Task 43
The Survival of the Welsh Language
Wales is a small country of just over 3 million people, on the north west seaboard of Europe. Despite many historical incursions of other peoples, particularly the English, it has preserved its ancient Celtic language, A_____. Welsh is habitually spoken by about 10% of the people, half understood by a further 10%, and not spoken at all by the majority in this ‘bilingual’ society.
Up to the First World War most people were Welsh speaking, especially in the mountains of North Wales. The English-speaking areas were along the more fertile coastal plains. On the whole there was an easy tolerance of the two languages, B______.
By 1919 there was a considerable drop in Welsh speakers. This was due to the large flows of capital investment from England into the South Wales coalfield, C_____.
Now, D_____, commerce and everyday business were carried out in English.
In the rural mountain areas 80% to 85% of the population were Welsh speakers, E ____. However, in the coalfield country of Glamorgan 70% spoke English only, and in its neighbour border county the figure was over 90%.
By 1931 the number of people able to speak Welsh in the whole of Wales had fallen to 37% of the population, F ____. It continued to drop and reached its lowest – 18.6% — in the 1990s. But by the start of the 21st century, numbers had begun to increase again and reached 21.7% in 2004!
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as well as education and the law
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the only one of a number of allied languages that remain
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with radio and the English press further speeding the decline
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many being able to speak Welsh only
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where Welsh was studied as language and literature in an academic manner
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apart from the fact that Welsh was not permitted to be used at all in the schools
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bringing a flood of immigrant labour from all over Britain
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Task 44
Secrets of Long Life
There are places in the world where people live longer than anywhere else. The remote Japanese island of Okinawa is one of these places. While the lifespan in Britain is 77 years for men and 81 for women, Okinawa has a population of about one million, of which 900 are centenarians — A_____ in Britain or the USA. So what is their secret of long life?
«The calendar may say they’re 80, but their body says they’re 60,» says Bradley Willcox, a scientist researching the extraordinary phenomenon. The research has shown hormonal differences between Okinawans and B____ but their longevity has been linked to diet. They eat more tofu and soya than any other people in the world and also enjoy a range of different fruit and vegetables, all rich in anti-oxidants. But the most significant thing isn’t what they eat but how much. The Okinawans C_____ known as ‘hara hachi bu’, which translates as ‘eat until you are only 80 % full’.
Scientists refer to this way of eating as ‘caloric restrictions’. No-one knows exactly why it works, but scientists believe it D_____ that there is the danger of famine. This in turn E_____ and so may lead to better preservation and slower aging.
«It’s a stark contrast with the cultural habits that drive food consumption in F____ » says Mr. Willcox. If we look at high streets and supermarkets in most other countries, you will see that he is right. Restaurants offer all-you-can-eat menus and supersize portions. Supermarkets are full of special offers encouraging us to buy more food than we need.
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make it a healthy diet
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other parts of the world
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four times higher than the average
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have a cultural tradition
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sends a signal to the body
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the rest of the population
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makes the body protect itself
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Task 45
Beaches of Portugal
Covering more than 850 km, the Portuguese coast boasts such a large number of fine, white sandy beaches that it is almost impossible to keep count. All bathed by the Atlantic Ocean and all different, their beauty is hard to describe, so there is nothing better A _____.
The most famous are in the Algarve. With three thousand hours of sun per year and warm waters, there are beaches to suit every taste and many dreamlike resorts. The choices are many, from sandy stretches extending as far as the eye can see B ______, the trade image of the region. They are always accompanied by a calm clear sea, C_____.
In Costa da Caparica, the beaches are particularly dear to Lisbonites D _____ for sun and sea bathing. There are deserted beaches here too, of a wild beauty, E ____ nature. In the centre, tourists will find very wide sandy stretches, to which traditional fishing adds a picturesque touch. And further north, the colder waters and the invigorating sea are tempered by the welcoming atmosphere and the clean air of the mountains and the forests.
Despite all their differences, all beaches share one thing – quality. They are safe and offer a wide range of support and recreational services, F ____. And a large number of Portuguese beaches are granted the European blue flag every year, a distinction that is a sign of their excellent conditions.
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where one can enjoy close contact with
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which meet every need of their users
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than to discover them once for oneself
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who has never been to this wonderful city
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which is ideal for various water sports
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to the smaller coves, sheltered by huge cliffs
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who have different options around the capital
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Task 46
The Joy of Reading
Have you ever wondered why people read? Why reading is one of the few things A _____ for thousands of years? Even before reading became available to the general public, stories were told around campfires, passed down from generation to generation.
First of all, stories are a good way to escape from your ordinary life, to get immersed in another world, if only for a little time. While reading, you can imagine yourself in different situations B _____, but in the moment that doesn’t matter. Whether you’re suffering from depression or are just bored, reading is a great distraction.
Similarly, another reason people are attracted to stories, is because they are lonely, very often they feel as if they are the only ones in the world C _____. Identifying with a fictional character can make a big difference in helping a person understand D _____.
Other people read because it can be a good way to relax. It can be very nice to sit down and enjoy a good plot unfold, to watch the actions of fictional characters from the side, and to see the consequences of these actions, E ____.
Lastly, people read because it is the easiest way to gain knowledge in a certain area. Instead of finding a teacher, you can just find a book, sit down, and spend a few hours reading. This way you can study wherever you want, whenever you want F _____.
There are countless books in the world, and whoever you are, whatever you’re feeling, there is definitely a book out there, just waiting for you to discover it.
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try to avoid the boredom of life
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that has consistently remained part of society
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that they are not alone
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going through something difficult
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without having to bear any responsibility
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that range from unlikely to impossible
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at your own pace
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Task 47
Peter and Paul Fortress
The Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, located on small Hare Island, is the historic core of the city. The history of St. Petersburg begins with the history of the fortress.
Since 1700 Russia had been fighting the Northern War against Sweden. By 1703 the lands by the Neva River were conquered. To protect them from the attacks of the Swedes it was necessary to build a strong outpost here. The fortress was founded on Hare Island 16 (27) May, 1703 by joint plan of Peter I and French engineer Joseph-Gaspard Lambert de Guerin. This day is well known A____.
The fortress stretches from west to east with six bastions B____. The Peter’s Gate on the east side, C____, has remained since the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Cathedral, D____ emperors and the monument of Russian baroque, was completed after the death of the emperor, in 1733. The weathervane as a golden angel with a cross, E____, is one of the main symbols of the city. On the opposite side of the cathedral, there is the Mint building, constructed in the time of Paul I by architect A. Porto. Coinage was moved to the fortress F____ in the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Fortress has never directly participated in any fighting. From the very beginning of its existence it was used as a political prison. Since 1924 the Peter and Paul Fortress has been a part of the Museum of the History of St. Petersburg.
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as the day of the birth of St. Petersburg
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which was designed by D. Trezzini
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which was the burial place of Russian
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and reminding of the rich history of the city
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as the most protected part of the city
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which is located on the spire of the cathedral
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that are located at the corners
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Task 48
Surviving in a Desert
A desert is defined as a place that gets less than 250 mm of rain each year. It differs sharply from the climate of a rain forest, A _____.
Arid desert lands cover about one third of the earth’s surface. Most deserts are covered with sand, B _____. There are also usually a lot of rocky areas. This combination of sand and rock means that the soil is not very fertile. C ____, some living things are able to do well in this setting. Many plants have changed and developed in ways D____. These changes have become apparent in a number of ways. Some plants are able to grow very quickly E____. They turn green and produce flowers within just a few days. Other desert plants simply stop growing in very dry weather. They appear to be dead, but when the rain returns, they come back to life and begin growing again.
Desert animals have also developed many characteristics that help them to survive in arid environment. Camels can go for a very long time without drinking. Other animals, such as snakes and rats, find cool places to sleep during the day and come out only at night. The extremely long ears of desert rabbits help them F_____. Changes like these have allowed some animals and plants to grow and develop successfully in a very challenging ecological system: the desert.
There are countless books in the world, and whoever you are, whatever you’re feeling, there is definitely a book out there, just waiting for you to discover it.
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which is often in the form of hills called sand dunes
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whenever it rains
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to find water as far as 25 metres away
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which can receive up to 10,000 mm of rain annually
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to better distribute their body heat and stay cool
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even though the desert environment is very dry and hot
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that help them to live in the desert
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Task 49
Nevsky Prospect
Nevsky Prospect is the main and most famous street of St. Petersburg. The unique architectural ensemble of Nevsky Prospect was formed during the 18th – early 20th centuries. It starts from the bank of the Neva River, runs through the centre of the city and ends at the Neva River. The whole history of St. Petersburg can be seen in the history of the avenue. Nevsky Prospect is 4.5 km long and 25-60 m wide. The narrowest section is located from the Admiralty to the Moika River, A_____.
After the construction of the Admiralty in 1704 and the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in 1710, it was decided to build a road B_____ each other and with the Novgorod Path, which was used by Russian merchants. The construction began on both sides at the same time, the roads were laid through the wood, and in 1760s they were connected into one road, C_____, but with a turn at the Vosstaniya Square. Nevsky Prospect got its name only in 1783. The road was paved with cobble stones, D_____. It was the first street in St. Petersburg with gas lighting. By the early 20th century Nevsky Prospect had become the financial centre of Russia E____ had their offices there.
Nowadays, Nevsky Prospect is the centre of cultural and social life of St. Petersburg. There are museums, theatres, exhibition halls, cinemas, restaurants, cafés, shops F____.
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and hotels there or nearby the avenue
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showing the original width of the avenue
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which was not as straight as it was planned
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which were built by famous architects and
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connecting these two important structures with
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and a few rows of trees were planted along the street
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as the 40 largest banks of Russia, Europe and America
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Task 50
Whales in a Noisy Ocean
Whales use sound in very different ways. Some whales produce songs that travel over vast distances. They also use echolocation, like bats, A _____. But other noise in the ocean creates a problem for the whales.
Since 1987, the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) has sent their research vessel Song of the Whale around the world B _____. During the travels, the Song of the Whale scientists have developed expertise C ____ to listen to and record the sounds that the animals make. Thishelps them to track, identify, and survey different species.
One of the threats facing whales and other marine animals is noise pollution in the seas, such as noise from drilling, military activities, oil exploration, and coastal construction. This noise can cause great distress to whales and dolphins and can D _____.
It is feared this noise pollution may cause mass strandings, E _____. If the Song of the Whale team can F ____, then hopefully the nature and location of disturbing noise can be changed.
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in using underwater microphones
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to locate food and find their way
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result in injury and even death
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track and identify their habitats
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to filter out food from the water
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to provide a platform for marine research
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when large numbers come ashore
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Task 51
Unique nature of Kamchatka
Kamchatka is a peninsula located in the north-eastern part of Russia. It is surrounded with the Okhotskoye Sea, the Beringovo Sea and the Pacific Ocean. This region has a very unique environment A_____ one is looking for picturesque views, unforgettable travels and unity with nature.
Kamchatka is famous for its volcanoes, B_____. Volcanoes are represented on Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, the most eastern city in the northern hemisphere, coat of arms as well. There are more than 300 volcanoes
in Kamchatka, from 28 up to 36 of them are active, or potentially active. Kamchatka volcanoes are included in the list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
The region is also known C____ — rivers and lakes. Many Kamchatka rivers spring from mountain tops and glaciers, that is why they are very clean, and it is wonderful for those D_____. In general, there are up to 14 thousand rivers and streams, 100 thousand lakes and 414 glaciers in Kamchatka.
Kamchatka is a home to the Valley of Geysers, E_____ geysers in the world, after Icelandic geyser fields. It is not easily accessible, as long as it is too unique to be opened for tourists all the time. The Valley of Geysers’ ecosystem is very vulnerable, F_____ and regulate the visiting. In fact, the larger part of Kamchatka is preserved. There are many nature reserves and nature parks in Kamchatka.
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which are depicted on most souvenirs there
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so it is necessary to monitor it all the time
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who love fishing, including Kamchatka bears
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which has the second largest concentration of
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to be a place of many water sources
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to be a popular nature reserve and health resort
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that makes it a place to visit when
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Task 52
The life of Pi
«The Life of Pi» published in 2001 is the third book by the Canadian author Yann Martel. It has A_____, won several prizes and been translated into forty-one languages.
At the start of the book, we B____ in India. His father owns the city zoo and the family home is in the zoo. When they aren’t at school, Pi and his brother help their father at the zoo and he learns a lot about animals.
When Pi is sixteen, his parents decide to close the zoo and move to Canada. They travel by ship taking the animals with them. On the way, there is C_____. Sadly, Pi’s family and the sailors all die in the storm, but Pi lives and finds himself in a lifeboat with a hyena, zebra, orangutan and an enormous tiger. At first, Pi is scared of the animals and jumps into the ocean. Then he remembers there are sharks in the water and decides to climb back into the lifeboat. One by one, the animals in the lifeboat kill and eat each other, till only Pi and the tiger are left alive. Luckily for Pi, there is D_____, but he soon needs to start catching fish. He feeds the tiger to stop it killing and eating him. He also uses a whistle and E_____ and show it that he’s the boss.
Pi and the tiger spend 227 days in the lifeboat. They live through terrible storms and the burning heat of the Pacific sun. They are often hungry and ill. Finally, they arrive at the coast of Mexico, but you will have to F_____ in the end!
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read the book to find out what happens
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some food and water on the lifeboat
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his knowledge of animals to control the tiger
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received an award for being strong
-
sold seven million copies worldwide
-
learn about Pi’s childhood in Pondicherry
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a terrible storm and the ship sinks
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Task 53
Santa Claus
The man we know as Santa Claus has a history all to his own. Today, he is thought of mainly as the jolly man in red, but his story A_____ the 3rd century to a monk named St. Nicholas. It is believed that Nicholas was born sometime around 280 AD in modern-day Turkey. Much admired for his kindness, St. Nicholas B_____. It is said that he gave away all of his inherited wealth and traveled the countryside helping the poor and sick. Over the course of many years, Nicholas’s popularity spread and he became known as the protector of children and sailors. His feast day C_____ his death, December 6. This was traditionally considered a lucky day to make large purchases or to get married. By the Renaissance, St. Nicholas was the most popular saint in Europe.
St. Nicholas first D______ at the end of the 18th century. The name Santa Claus evolved from a Dutch shortened form of Sint Nikolaas. As his popularity grew, Sinter Klaas was described as everything from a jocker with a blue three-cornered hat, red waistcoat, and yellow stockings to a man wearing a broad-brimmed hat and a huge pair of Flemish trousers.
In the 19th centuries big stores E_____ using images of the newly-popular Santa Claus. In 1841, thousands of children visited a Philadelphia shop to see a life-size Santa Claus model. It F_____ before stores began to attract children, and their parents, with the lure of a peek at the “real-life” Santa Claus with his famous white beard and red gown.
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began to advertise Christmas shopping
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became the subject of many legends
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began dressing up unemployed men in
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is celebrated on the anniversary of
-
was only a matter of time
-
stretches all the way back to
-
appeared in American popular culture
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Task 54
Welcome to the Smithsonian
When you visit any of the Smithsonian’s 19 museums and galleries or the National zoo, you are entering the largest museum complex in the world. This complex holds about 137 million unique objects in its trust for the American people.
The Smithsonian was established in 1846 with funds given to the United States by James Smithson, an English scientist. The main idea was to increase and spread knowledge for free. And now all Smithsonian institutions are still devoted to public education, A__________ history.
Ten Smithsonian museums and galleries are located in the centre of the U.S. capital. Six other museums and the National zoo are nearby in the Washington metropolitan area, B__________.
The 19th and the newest museum C__________ is the National Museum of African American history and culture. It is now operating in the form of a virtual museum. Its key feature is the memory book, D__________. These diverse memories are linked to each other and to the museum content, E__________.
The Smithsonian complex is home to the world’s foremost research centres in science, the arts and the humanities. Besides the basic research F__________, there are a number of special facilities. Conservation centre at the zoo studies rare and endangered species, environment centre carries out research in ecosystems in the coastal area.
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that is carried on regularly in each of the museums
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providing different materials in the arts, science and
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placing a spotlight on people and events in African American history
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that has been established within the Smithsonian complex
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which allows website visitors to upload their own stories or images
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and visitors can enjoy watching rare exhibits on
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and two museums are situated in New York City
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Task 55
National Gallery of Art
The National Gallery of Art was created in Washington D.C. for the people of the United States in 1937. It started with the gift of the financier and art collector A__________. His gift also included a building to house the new museum, to be constructed on the National Mall. Opened to the public in 1941, this grand building, B__________, was at the time the largest marble structure in the world.
The newly created National Gallery soon attracted similar gifts from hundreds of other collectors. This tradition of generosity continues to this day with gifts from private donors and artists C__________.
The gallery’s East building contains the collection of modern and contemporary painting, sculpture, D__________. The East and West buildings are connected by an underground tunnel with a moving walkway.
The National Gallery enjoys federal support, E__________, to fulfill its mission to exhibit and interpret great works of European and American art in the nation’s collection. Since its founding, federal funds have fostered the protection and care of the art collection and have supported the gallery’s work, ensuring F__________. Private funding helped to create a renowned collection of works of art and to construct the two landmark buildings. Private support makes possible to arrange a changing programme of special exhibitions.
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which is now called the West building
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that the gallery brings daily profit to the country
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who are willing to share their possessions with the public
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who presented old master paintings and sculptures to the country
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as well as partnership with private organizations
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that the gallery is open daily and free of charge
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as well as an advanced research centre and an art library
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Task 56
Healthy school meals
Children at Southdown Infants School in Bath enjoy tasty homemade meals such as roast turkey with fresh vegetables, chicken, salad and fresh fruit for pudding. Vegetables are A ____________. Instead of crisps, chocolate and sweets, the school canteen serves organic carrots, dried fruit and fresh seasonal fruit in bags for 10p, B ______________.
Southdown’s healthy eating initiative began four years ago with the start of a breakfast club.
Now Ms Culley, the head teacher of the school, says that the teachers very clearly see the link between diet and concentration. “Children’s concentration and behaviour C ______________.” The teachers would also like to give the children the experience of eating together. It turned out that some children weren’t used to that.
Pupils are also encouraged to find out more about where their food comes from by D ______________.
Parents are also involved and are invited in to try school dinners on special occasions, E _______________.
The efforts of staff, pupils and parents to create a healthy eating environment were recognized earlier this month F ______________ the Best School Dinner award.
Ms Culley said: “We are happy to win this award. Healthy eating is at the centre of everything we do. It’s really rewarding to see so many children enjoy real food.”
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such as Easter and Christmas
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visiting a local farm
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local, fresh and organic where possible
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provide good quality food
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definitely improve after a good meal
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and about 100 bags are sold each day
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when the school was awarded
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Task 57
Walking is not enough to keep fit
Walking may not be enough on its own to produce significant health benefits, research suggests. A team from Canada’s University of Alberta compared a 10,000-step exercise programme with a more traditional fitness regime of moderate intensity. Researchers found improvements A _______ were significantly higher in the second group. They told an American College of Sports Medicine meeting that gentle exercise was B __________. In total 128 people took C _________. The researchers assessed influence on fitness by measuring blood pressure and lung capacity. They found out the 10,000-step programme did help to get people motivated – and was an excellent way to start D _________. But to increase the effectiveness, some intensity must be added to their exercise. “Across your day, while you are achieving those 10,000 steps, take 200 to 400 of them at a faster pace. You’ve got to do more than light exercise and include regular moderate activity, and don’t be shy to have an occasional period of time at an energetic level.” The researchers were concerned there was too much focus E __________, rather than on its intensity.
Professor Stuart Biddle, an expert in exercise science at the University of Loughborough, said it was possible that the current guidelines on how much exercise to take were set too low. “However, you have got to find F ____. The harder you make it, the fewer people will actually do it.” Professor Biddle said there was no doubt that energetic exercise was the way to get fit, but volume rather than intensity might be more useful in tackling issues such as obesity.
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part in the project
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taking exercise
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gave marked health benefits
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in fitness levels
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on simply getting people to take exercise
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not enough to get fit
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a compromise between physiology and psychology
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Task 58
Double-decker Bus
A double-decker bus is a bus that has two levels. While double-decker long-distance buses are in widespread use around the world, A ____. Double-decker buses are popular in some European cities and in some parts of Asia, usually in former British colonies. Many towns around the world have a few that specialize in short sight-seeing tours for tourists because, as William Gladstone observed, «the way to see London is from the top of a ‘bus'».
Double-decker buses are taller than other buses. They are extensively used in the United Kingdom, B _____, removed from normal service in December 2005 — they still operate on heritage routes. Elsewhere in Europe, double-deckers are used throughout the Dublin Bus network in Ireland, where they are making a comeback on Dublin’s outer suburban routes and also the streets of Cork, Limerick, Galway and Waterford. They are a common sight in Berlin, where the BVG makes extensive use of them. Double-decker long-distance coaches are also in widespread use throughout Europe.
Most buses in Hong Kong and about half in Singapore are double-deckers as well. The only areas in North America that C _____ are the western Canadian province of British Columbia and the United States city of Las Vegas. They are currently being tested in Ottawa on the express routes. The city of Davis, California, in the United States uses vintage double-decker buses for public transport. Davis, California is also home to the first vintage double-decker bus converted from diesel gasoline to run on CNG. The city of Victoria, BC, the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, and a couple of others use Dennis Tridents. A few are also used as tour buses, especially in New York. Double-deckers are have also been used in Mumbai since 1937.
In Brazil, D _____, some companies use double-decker buses. Double-deckers are not a good option for use outside the towns (most roads in Brazil are in very poor condition), and E _____.
Double-decker buses are in widespread use in India in many of the major cities. Some double-decker buses F _____, with no roof and shallow sides. These are popular for sightseeing tours.
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double-deckers are adored by thousands of tourists
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use double-decker buses for public transport
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double-decker city buses are less common
-
where perhaps the most famous was the London Routemaster
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their use is being discouraged by transportation authorities
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have an open upper deck
-
where buses are sometimes the only interstate transport
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Task 59
Natural Links In a Long Chain of Being
I believe we are not alone.
Even if I am on the other side of the world from the farmhouse I live in, I still dream of the ancient vines out the window, and the shed out back that my grandfather’s father built in 1870 with eucalyptus trunks. As long as I can recreate these images, A ____.
All of us need some grounding in our modern world of constant moving, buying, selling, meeting and leaving. Some find constancy in religion, others in friends or community. But we need some daily signposts that we are not different, not better, B ____.
For me, this house, farm, these ancient vines are those roots. Although I came into this world alone and will leave alone, I am not alone.
There are ghosts of dozens of conversations in the hallways, stories I remember about buying new plows that now rust in the barnyard and ruined crops from the same vines C ____.
All of us are natural links in a long chain of being, and that I need to know what time of day it is, what season is coming, whether the wind is blowing north or from the east, and if the moon is still full tomorrow night, D _____.
The physical world around us constantly changes, E _____. We must struggle in our brief existence to find some transcendent meaning and so find relief in the knowledge F _____.
You may find that too boring, living with the past as present. I find it refreshing. There is an old answer to every new problem, that wise whispers of the past are with us. If we just listen and remember, we are not alone; we have been here before.
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I never quite leave home
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but human nature does not
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that we are now harvesting
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but we as well as our heart did not
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not worse than those who came before us
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just as the farmers who came before me did
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that our ancestors have gone through this before
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Task 60
The Show Begins
My Uncle Jim took me to all the Broadway shows in New York City, and I was star struck! Actually he wasn’t my real uncle – that’s just what we called him. He was a close friend of my parents. He was a bit stocky with red hair, A _________.
I remember the theaters on Broadway, B __________. The curtains were made of this real heavy, dark red material. There were huge chandelier lights hanging from the ceiling. The walls were dark, paneled wood. The seats were red and cushy C __________.
The orchestra sat at the base of the stage in a pit. I usually went down to the front to see the musicians D __________. They were all crammed into such a tiny space. I played the flute myself and my dad kept encouraging me that if I kept it up, E ___________. But truly, I didn’t want to be tucked away down there. I wanted to be on top, front and center.
Most people dressed rather finely, and certain fragrances took center stage as various women passed by. The sounds of the audience F __________ at their seats were clearly heard while last minute patrons filled in. There was electricity in the air and then the lights would go down and up, and you knew it was time for the show to get started. The lights dimmed. The music began. And you were swept up into a whole new world. I loved it!
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I could be playing down there someday
-
and set real close together
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which were so old and posh
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and he had a beard and moustache
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I wasn’t that good at music
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getting ready and warming up
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laughing and chattering away
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Task 61
Scouting moves ahead
The Scout Movement, which is also known as the Boy Scouts has changed massively in more than 100 years, though many people do not realise this.
For many people in Britain the word “scouting” evokes images of boys in short trousers A__________. Many people imagine that the Scout Association and its female counterpart the Guides Association are old-fashioned. They think these associations are for people B__________ than the future, people who just like camping in the rain and washing in cold water.
It’s quite easy to understand why Scouts and Guides have this sort of image. The “Boy Scouts” were founded over 100 years ago by Robert Baden-Powell, a retired English army general; the “Girl Guides” followed three years later. They were organised in an almost military manner. Young people had to learn discipline and how to do things as a group. They C__________ in difficult conditions, learnt to make campfires and, yes, they certainly had to get used to washing in cold water. In those days though, that D__________ many people washed in cold water.
Nevertheless, even at the start, there was much more to scouting than that. Scouts and Guides also learned the value of solidarity. Right from the start, they had to cope with difficult situations, E__________, and play a useful part in society. Baden-Powell’s organisations were inclusive, and never exclusive; any young person could become a Scout or a Guide, regardless of race, background or religion.
Though the Scout and Guide movements began in England, they soon spread to other countries, and within 50 years, scouting F__________ with young people all over the world.
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who are more interested in the past
-
and girls in blue uniforms
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that were generally better
-
was not particularly unusual as
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went on camping expeditions
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interact with other people
-
had become a popular activity
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Task 62
Skip the sun, get a glow the healthy way
Everyone at some point has wanted a “healthy glow,” whether it’s a must-have for summer, or a vacation, the thought of tan skin has crossed the minds of millions. If you are pale, it A__________. There is wild excitement when after a day in the sun your skin is tan, not burnt. Surely everyone is familiar with the famous conversation upon the realization that you got fried at the beach. Your friends reassure you with “Don’t worry it B__________.” It may all seem like fun and games at the time, but alarming new research C__________.
Some tan-seekers do it the old-fashioned way, grab a towel and hit the pool or beach. Recently, millions of young girls D__________ instead. Regardless of how the tan is achieved, any change in skin coloring is evidence of skin cell damage. This can lead to cancer. According to the Skin Cancer Foundation, melanoma, or skin cancer, among people aged 18 to 39 has risen dramatically. In the United States the number of skin cancer cases due to tanning, is higher than the number of lung cancer cases due to smoking.
While it is true that being outside and active is great for your body and the sun does provide vitamin D, everyone’s health still needs protecting. However, it’s E__________, limit time spent in direct sunlight, between the hours of 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., and wear sunscreen at all times. A fashionable option is the sun hat: both elegant and fun. Big floppy hats may seem ridiculous at first, but F__________.
Another advice is to look into sunless tanners: They are cheap and in no way endanger the lives of users. So, fake it, don’t bake it!
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takes a lot of time and effort to tan
-
have been turning to tanning beds
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they are actually quite classy accessories
-
better to avoid indoor tanning
-
have inspired people to get their skin checked
-
will eventually turn into a tan
-
has taken the healthy out of healthy glow
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Task 63
Grant-making agency
The National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) is an independent grant-making agency of the United States government. Established in 1965, it is one of the largest sources of grant funds for humanities projects and programs in the U.S. NEH promotes knowledge of the history, thought, and culture, not only of the United States, A__________.
NEH grants facilitate research and original scholarship, strengthen teaching and learning in the humanities in American schools and colleges, give opportunities for citizens to engage in lifelong learning, B__________.
The Endowment is directed by a chairman, C__________ and confirmed by the U.S. Senate for a term of four years. Advising the chairman is the National Council on the Humanities, a board of 26 distinguished private citizens D__________ with the advice of the Senate. The National Council members serve six-year terms.
NEH grants are typically awarded to U.S. cultural institutions, such as museums, archives, libraries, colleges, universities, and public television and radio stations, E__________. Eligibility is limited to U.S. non-profit institutions and to U.S. citizens and foreigners F__________ prior to the time of application. Grants are awarded through a competitive process. The chairman takes into account the advice provided by the review process and, by law, makes all funding decisions.
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who is appointed by the president
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but of other countries of the world
-
but in every aspect of social sciences
-
who are also appointed by the president
-
who have been living in the U.S. for three years
-
as well as to individual scholars of the humanities
-
as well as provide access to cultural and educational resources
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Task 64
The Bonfire Night
The 5th of November has always had a very special place in my heart. More important than New Year’s Eve, but probably less important than the Olympics ceremonies, the 5th of November every year is A __________ all over the country to go wild!
The night of the 5th is often cold and damp and parents wrap up their children in layers of jumpers, coats, hats, scarves and gloves. They fuss over the littlest B __________ aren’t scared. They comfort their pets and give them a safe place to curl up inside, away from the cacophony about to start outside.
Outside the bonfire is C __________ up your nose. If you’re lucky, there might be some pumpkin soup left over from Halloween to warm you up, because in spite of all the layers and the excitement, you’ll still need warming up until the bonfire gets going!
When it’s absolutely dark and the bonfire is blazing, the children and parents huddle together in groups, staring up at the sky. What are they waiting for? The screech of the first firework deafens them all and D __________. The “oohs” and “aaahs” of the crowd keep perfect time with the “kabooms” of the rockets. With every firework that lights up the sky, parents watch the delight grow on their children’s faces and sigh with relief.
After the grand finale, they make their way home with the noises still echoing in their ears. An extra special treat E __________! Waving them through the chilly air, spelling out names and drawing pictures, even the oldest members of the family remember how to be kids!
This is what the 5th of November means to me. Every year, it F __________ such bright and colourful fireworks and heard such loud bangs. I really hope I never grow out of it!
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differences in traditions
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children and hope that they
-
the day for fireworks lovers
-
the explosion lights up the sky
-
feels like the first time I’ve seen
-
waits at home though: sparklers
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lit and the smell of smoke creeps
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Task 65
Earth-sheltered homes
Earth-sheltered or simply underground homes are one of those creations by man, which brings him closer to nature. Unlike the normal traditional houses that A __________, these earth-sheltered homes are built using the shelter of the ground. Earth-sheltered homes can be easily made in hilly areas.
The basic idea behind the construction of such a house is that they are built with the idea of B ________ and each of these homes is built entirely different from each other.
The construction of these homes is usually done according to the shape of the area where the house is built. Their designs C ________ to the nature. The early earth houses which were initially built lacked windows. Modern day earth-sheltered homes though have windows as well as any other facility that the people living there might require.
Some of the major benefits of earth-sheltered homes are that they are naturally insulating. This makes them cool in the summer and cozy and warm in the winter. Another advantage D __________ and are well protected from earthquakes as well as wind-storms. Many earth-sheltered homes are also defended against intruders since there is usually only one entry.
As everything has its pros and cons, earth-sheltered homes also do. The interior decoration of these homes, like placing the furniture or huge paintings, E __________. These homes also have dark spaces inside and for this reason, lots of lighting is essential.
Earth-sheltered homes are one of the greenest housing designs that combines Mother Nature with eco-friendly F __________.
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are built on the ground
-
are usually very organic
-
is being built facing south
-
being environmentally friendly
-
building materials and lifestyle
-
is that these homes are safe from fire
-
can be difficult due to the construction
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Task 66
Australia
Australia is one of the world’s most ethnically diverse nations. Nearly a quarter of the people who live in Australia A __________. They come from the United Kingdom and other European countries, but also from China, Vietnam, North Africa, and the Middle East.
First people arrived in Australia about 50,000 years ago. They B __________ land bridges when sea levels were lower. The next to land in Australia were Dutch explorers. They came in 1606. In 1788 the British began to settle there. Many settlers C __________ as punishment. For a short time, the newcomers lived peacefully with the Aboriginal people.
In 1851, gold was discovered in Australia. A rush to find riches brought D __________ 1859, six separate colonies were created which later became part of the British Commonwealth.
Australian culture is founded on stories of battlers, bushrangers and brave soldiers. Today E __________ its Aboriginal heritage, vibrant mix of cultures, innovative ideas and a thriving ecosystem.
Australia’s ecosystem is an unusual one because of its remote location. As a result, there are F __________ and nowhere else in the world, such as kangaroo and koala.
One of Australia’s most amazing sites rises like an enormous whale’s back from a flat desert called the Red Center. It is a sacred natural formation at the heart of the country and the largest rock in the world!
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Australia is one of the most
-
were born in other countries
-
Australia also defines itself by
-
many animal species that occur here
-
may have travelled from Asia across
-
thousands of new immigrants, and by
-
were criminals sent to live in Australia
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Task 67
Living nature in Madeira
Right in the middle of the Atlantic, the islands of Madeira and Porto Santo are a haven of natural beauty. The exotic colours of the flowers stand out from among the blue sea and the emerald green vegetation. This is an archipelago where the big territory is a protected area and A __________ is located.
The Madeira Natural Park was created in 1982 to preserve this vast natural heritage, a worldwide rarity. The park is classified as a Biogenetic Reserve, B __________, with some rare species such as the mountain orchid, unique in the world, and also some exotic large trees. To visit this park is to discover Nature! The park covers about two-thirds of the island, making Madeira a truly ecological destination.
The springtime temperature, C __________, cries out for open air activities. Visitors can go for a walk in the park, visit the city of Funchal or roam freely around the island. Boat rides are an excellent way of D __________. In such a naturally welcoming environment, balance and well-being are taken for granted. Madeira offers various tourist complexes E __________.
Popular feasts, F __________, are opportunities to appreciate traditional gastronomic flavours and see Madeira partying, especially for the Carnival parades, the Flower festival, the Atlantic festival and, above all, the end-of-year fireworks display.
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which is felt all year round
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which take place in Madeira all year round
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where the largest laurel forest in the world
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admiring the coastline from a different perspective
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where one can find a unique range of flora and fauna
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choosing this holiday destination for its natural beauty
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that have prime conditions for boating and scuba diving
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Task 68
Wild animals in cities
Have you ever seen bears in Vancouver parks, leopards on the streets of Mumbai or wild pigs in gardens in Berlin? Recently, there A __________ on TV about big animals coming into towns and cities. What happens when wild animals come into our cities? Is it dangerous for us and the animals?
Wild animals usually come into cities to look for food. In Cape Town, South Africa, baboons sometimes come into the suburbs. They eat fruit from gardens and go into people’s kitchens and take food from cupboards and fridges! Baboons are B __________ children and fight with pet dogs. Many people do not like them, but the city can be dangerous for baboons too. Sometimes, baboons are C __________ human food can be very bad for their teeth. The city council in Cape Town has a team of Baboon Monitors whose job is to find baboons D ___________ to the countryside. This makes the city safer for people and is healthier for the baboons. However, the main problem is that a lot of baboons will come back to the city to find food again.
In Berlin, Germany, groups of wild pigs have come into the city for hundreds of years, but now the winters are warmer, there are even more pigs than in the past. Pigs eat flowers and plants and dig in gardens and parks in the city. They also E __________ accidents. Some city residents like the pigs and give them food. But the city council is worried about the traffic accidents, so they F __________ have put up fences to stop the pigs coming into the city.
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cause lots of problems
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in the city and take them back
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walk in the street and cause traffic
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hurt in car accidents and the sugar in
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strong animals and sometimes they scare
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have been many reports in newspapers and
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have told people to stop giving the pigs food and
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Task 69
Europe’s best hidden gems
There are incredible destinations in Europe known worldwide, such as Amsterdam and its canals, London and its museums, its shopping and atmosphere, or Paris, the City of Light. Europe also has thousands of hidden treasures. There is a wide selection of the finest unknown destinations in Europe, from Lugano in Switzerland A __________.
Lugano is an international city, the crossroads and melting pot of European culture. It constitutes one of the most interesting regions to be discovered. Lugano is not only Switzerland’s third most important financial centre, B __________ old buildings.
The area of Cinque Terre in Italy represents one of the best preserved natural sights of the Mediterranean. Human activity has contributed to creating a unique landscape in which the development of typical stone walls is so extensive C __________. All this, D __________, makes the Cinque Terre an increasingly popular location among Italian and foreign tourists.
Sintra is a jewel set between the mountains and the sea, waiting to be discovered by tourists E __________, luxuriant nature and cosmopolitan cultural offer. Sintra has a wonderful charm that left a deep impression on the soul and work of the writers F __________. Sintra is truly the capital of Romanticism. It is a place to be experienced by everyone!
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but showed evidence of an early human housing
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to Cinque Terre in Italy and Sintra in Portugal
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as to equal that of the famous Great Wall of China
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but also a town of parks and flowers, villas and
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who want to be lost in its majestic historical heritage
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combined with the beauty of a crystal clear sea
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who pioneered the Romantic spirit in the eighteenth century
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Task 70
Beautiful cities of Italy
The political and cultural centre of Italy is the ‘Eternal City’, Rome. Ever since the Roman Empire, as its capital, Rome has become famous as a centre of European culture. The most striking sights of Rome are, of course, the Colosseum and the Forum. Once the Colosseum was able to receive about 50 thousand spectators, A __________ and concert halls. The Pantheon, the old temple of all gods, B __________, is also located in Rome.
The second most important town in Italy is Milan. Milan is the capital of fashion and C __________, exhibitions and conferences. The main attraction of Milan is its Cathedral Square, where the monument to the King Victor Emmanuel II is installed. Theatre fans will not be left disappointed by visiting the Theatre of La Scala.
The most popular city among tourists is Venice. The city is unique because it has more than 120 islands, D __________ and 400 bridges. Venice has been known for more than fifteen hundred years, and for E __________. The main area of the city is Saint Mark’s Square with the Cathedral of San Marco. One of the most beautiful buildings in Venice is the Palace of Doges. The other famous attraction is the Grand Canal F______.
In addition to this, there are such beautiful cities in Italy as Naples, Turin, Florence, Genoa, Pisa and the islands of Sardinia and Sicily. All of them are outstanding places to visit.
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that is the largest in Venice
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which was built in the early I century
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that everyone is dreaming about this trip
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which is comparable with modern stadiums
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which are сonnected by more than 150 canals
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the venue for major international festivals
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that time it produced a lot of attractions
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Task 71
City of fountains
Peterhof is a monument of world architecture and palace and park art. Peterhof includes a palace and park ensemble of the 18-19th centuries, A__________. Peterhof is a city of fountains as it contains 173 fountains and 4 cascades B__________. Each year up to 3 million people come here to enjoy the splendour of numerous fountains and the unique parks of Peterhof.
The name Peterhof was first mentioned in 1705. It was a coastal manor, close to which the construction of a grand country residence began. The original plan belonged to Peter the Great. After the brilliant victory of Russian troops over the Swedes, security of St. Petersburg both from the land C__________. Since that time, the construction of the Peterhof residence grew immensely in scope.
According to the plan of Peter the Great, on the one hand, Peterhof was meant to be equal in splendour with the most famous royal residences in Europe, D__________ to access the Baltic Sea. Both were successfully done. The Great Palace was built on a natural hill here, E__________. Following the plan of Peter the Great, F__________, the Grand Cascade with the famous Samson fountain was constructed. This is still one of the most spectacular fountains in the world. In 1990 the palaces and parks of Peterhof were included in the list of the world heritage of UNESCO.
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and from the sea has been firmly ensured
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which is a former royal countryside residence
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who designs many royal residences in Europe
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and then rebuilt in the baroque style in the 18th century
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who wanted to decorate the main entrance with waterfalls
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that are located in the park on the coast of the Gulf of Finland
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and on the other hand, to become a monument of Russia’s struggle
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Task 72
Sights of Sochi
Sochi is unique among other Russian cities because it has many aspects of a subtropical resort. Apart from the scenic Caucasus Mountains, pebble and sand beaches, the city attracts tourists with its vegetation, numerous parks, monuments, and extravagant architecture. About two million people visit Greater Sochi each summer, A__________. The famous Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, B__________, lies just north from the city.
Popularity of Sochi among tourists is largely explained by the beauty of its surroundings. Walking along the river Agura, everyone will admire the nature around, C__________, and amazing waterfalls. From the bridge over the Agura opens a magnificent view to the lowest Agura waterfall. In the shady Agura gorge tourists will feel the gentle coolness, D__________.
Akhun Mountain the biggest in the region has a beautiful tower on the top. The height of the tower is more than 30 metres, E__________ are stunning. The observation platform on the top of the tower gives a chance to take superb pictures of the city. Every year thousands of people visit this stone tower, F__________ the perfect view of the Black Sea coast and the Caucasus Mountains. It is a truly unforgettable experience. Tourists will enjoy visiting all the sights and the resort itself, full of exotic green and the boundless blue of the Black Sea.
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and the views that open from it
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which is built on the top to give visitors
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when the subtropical resort is almost empty
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which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site
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enjoying the sound of birds singing and waterfalls gurgling
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when the city is home to the annual film festival “Kinotavr”
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including high cliffs, exotic vegetation, breathtaking canyons
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Task 73
Saint Petersburg
A city of palaces and museums, broad avenues and narrow canals, St. Petersburg’s short history is rich in architectural and artistic treasures. Alongside world-famous attractions such as the Hermitage and St. Isaac’s Cathedral, the city has a lot of equally interesting buildings A__________. St. Petersburg is considered to be Russia’s cultural capital. It reflects the country’s extraordinary fate like no other city.
St. Petersburg is a relatively young city, by both Russian and European standards, as B__________. Despite its short life, the city has a rich history. From the early days of Peter the Great to modern times, the city has always bustled with life and intrigue.
Lying across the delta of the Neva River, St. Petersburg, the Venice of the North, is a city C__________, some of which are well-known for their unique history. Bridges are an essential part of the city’s architectural make-up. Among the city’s over 500 bridges, there are numerous technological masterpieces. The centre of the city offers vast areas of green space, D__________.
St. Petersburg is a beautiful and fascinating holiday destination and one E__________. Whether to visit the city in a romantic and snowy Russian winter F__________, visitors will be spellbound by
St. Petersburg’s culture and beauty.
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that is built on hundreds of islands
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or during the dazzling white nights in summer
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it was only founded in 1703 by Tsar Peter the Great
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or considering a variety of the trip accommodation offers
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that reveal the mysterious and tragic genius of St. Petersburg
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of the most intriguing and historically significant cities in Europe
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including beautiful historic gardens and extensive leisure parks
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Task 74
State Hermitage Museum
The Hermitage is St. Petersburg’s most popular visitor attraction, and one of the world’s largest and most prestigious museums. It is a must-see for all first-time travellers to the city. With over 3 million items in its collection, it also rewards repeat visits, A__________ of the riches on offer here, from Impressionist masterpieces to fascinating Oriental treasures. It was estimated B__________ on display for just one minute. So many visitors prefer a guided tour to ensure C__________ highlights. Art-lovers, however, may find it more rewarding to seek out for themselves the works D__________.
The bulk of the Hermitage collection is housed in the Winter Palace, E__________. However, there are a number of other sites that constitute part of the Hermitage, including the recently opened Storage Facility in the north of St. Petersburg. It offers guided tours through some of the museum’s vast stocks. The magnificent General Staff Building opposite the Winter Palace is most famous for its central triumphal arch, F__________ Nevsky Prospekt. The General Staff Building contains a number of unique exhibitions. It includes the Modern European Art, probably the most visited section of the Hermitage with well-known collections of Picasso and Matisse, as well as a wealth of popular Impressionist paintings.
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that they are particularly interested in
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that they have time to catch all the collection’s
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and new-comers can only hope to get a brief taste
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which brings pedestrians out on to Palace Square from
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that one would need eleven years to view each exhibit
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which was the official residence of the Russian emperors
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and the exhibition was often visited by military historians
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Task 75
Letniy Sad
Letniy Sad (The Summer Garden) is a park ensemble, a monument of landscape art of the 18th century. Letniy Sad is the oldest park in St. Petersburg. The park was founded by Peter I in 1704. The Tsar dreamed of his own Versailles and drew its original plan himself. He planned to create a regular, architectural park with accurate layout and straight paths. Prominent architects and gardeners took part in its creation. The park was supposed to become a place of relaxation, A__________.
Letniy Sad is surrounded by water. Natural boundary of the park from the north and east are the Neva and Fontanka Rivers, B__________.
Peter I brought sculptures from Italy for the park and was very proud of them. In the 18th century there were more than two hundred sculptures, C__________, or moved to suburban royal residences and the Hermitage. Now Letniy Sad is decorated with 90 sculptures – copies made of artificial marble.
In May, 2012 Letniy Sad was opened after reconstruction. The reconstruction work had been going on for about three years, D__________ Letniy Sad as it was in the 18th century. Among the new items in Letniy Sad, there is the Archaeological Museum, E__________ during the restoration of the park. Visitors can take a tour of the park F__________ on Sundays.
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and restorers have done everything possible to keep
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combining the features of urban and suburban estates
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which are planned to be the centre of scientific research
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which contains interesting objects found by archaeologists
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but later many of them were either destroyed in the flood
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and enjoy the exhibitions and performances of a brass band
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and from the south and west – the Moika River and the Lebyazhiy Canal
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