More advantages at the job market егэ ответы

Задание №8930.
Чтение. ЕГЭ по английскому

Установите соответствие между заголовками 1 — 8 и текстами A — G. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. More advantages at the job market
2. How long does it take?
3. Using different resources
4. Available to everybody
5. Cheaper than usual
6. Fewer possibilities
7. Types of distance learning
8. Not for everybody

A. Thanks to technology innovation, distance learning has always involved more than reading texts and writing essays or assignments. Virtual microscopes, interactive laboratories and online collaborations have taken the place of home experiment kits sent by post, while late night TV programmes have been replaced by DVDs and online interactive videos. Distance teaching universities can nowadays choose from many methods to support learning.

B. The delivery method of distance learning programmes varies. Although many courses are taught entirely online, some schools also give students an opportunity to meet face-to-face with tutors and classmates several times a year. In other situations, students will do all their work online and are only required to attend specific locations for exams. Others may attend weekly lectures in addition to completing work online. This combined system is known as blended learning.

C. Employers can be especially impressed by people who have studied for a distance learning qualification. The CEO of a large international consulting firm recently commented that he would value more favourably a graduate from a distance learning MBA who had achieved the same results as a graduate from similar on-campus programme because it takes more commitment, enthusiasm, time and energy from the student to achieve this result.

D. Distance learning requires self-discipline and determination and would not suit someone with no motivation to study on his or her own, who needs the structure of a traditional learning environment, or with simply no time for studying. Although it is possible to still have time for family and professional commitments while attending a distance education school, it does not mean there will be less work than at residential school.

E. The length of online university courses varies depending on whether you’ll be studying full- or part-time, the level of the qualification, and the subject of study. For the majority of full-time undergraduate programmes, the timeframe is similar to a traditional bachelor’s course of three or four years. For part-time courses, your studies may take additional two or three years. Most online university courses will give a specific time period within which students must complete their studies.

F. One of the leading providers of online education in the UK is the Open University. Fees at the Open University vary depending on whether you study part-time or full-time, but the average cost for full-time is £5,264 annually for three years. This is approximately £3,700 less per year than enrolling at a campus-based UK university as a home student, and considerably less than the amount international students would pay to study in the UK.

G. In the last few years another type of online education has appeared – MOOCs (massive open online courses). These are free online education programmes that anyone can sign up to, typically offered by well-known universities. They now cover a wide range of subjects. As MOOCs are free and open to all with access to the internet, they are useful for people of all ages and professional backgrounds who are keen to learn a new skill or gain information about a particular subject.

A B C D E F G
             

Решение:
Заголовок 3 (Using different resources. — Использование разных ресурсов) соответствует содержанию текста A: «Distance teaching universities can nowadays choose from many methods to support learning.»

Заголовок 7 (Types of distance learning. — Виды дистанционного обучения) соответствует содержанию текста B: «The delivery method of distance learning programmes varies.»

Заголовок 1 (More advantages at the job market. — Больше преимуществ на рынке труда) соответствует содержанию текста C: «Employers can be especially impressed by people who have studied…»

Заголовок 8 (Not for everybody. — Не для всех) соответствует содержанию текста D: «Distance learning requires self-discipline and determination…»

Заголовок 2 (How long does it take? — Сколько времени это занимает?) соответствует содержанию текста E: «The length of online university courses varies depending on…»

Заголовок 5 (Cheaper than usual. — Дешевле, чем обычно) соответствует содержанию текста F: «This is approximately £3,700 less per year than enrolling at a campus-based UK university…»

Заголовок 4 (Available to everybody. — Доступно всем) соответствует содержанию текста G: «These are free online education programmes…»

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Источник: ФИПИ. Открытый банк тестовых заданий

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Установление соответствия

Задание 1435

Установите соответствие
между текстами
AG и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в
таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок
лишний
.

A.

Thanks to technology innovation, distance learning has always involved more than reading texts and writing essays or assignments. Virtual microscopes, interactive laboratories and online collaborations have taken the place of home experiment kits sent by post, while late night TV programmes have been replaced by DVDs and online interactive videos. Distance teaching universities can nowadays choose from many methods to support learning.

1.

More advantages at the job market 

B.

The delivery method of distance learning programmes varies. Although many courses are taught entirely online, some schools also give students an opportunity to meet face-to-face with tutors and classmates several times a year. In other situations, students will do all their work online and are only required to attend specific locations for exams. Others may attend weekly lectures in addition to completing work online. This combined system is known as blended learning.

2.

How long does it take?

C.

Employers can be especially impressed by people who have studied for a distance learning qualification. The CEO of a large international consulting firm recently commented that he would value more favourably a graduate from a distance learning MBA who had achieved the same results as a graduate from similar on-campus programme because it takes more commitment, enthusiasm, time and energy from the student to achieve this result.

3.

Using different resources

D.

Distance learning requires self-discipline and determination and would not suit someone with no motivation to study on his or her own, who needs the structure of a traditional learning environment, or with simply no time for studying. Although it is possible to still have time for family and professional commitments while attending a distance education school, it does not mean there will be less work than at residential school.

4.

Available to everybody

E.

The length of online university courses varies depending on whether you’ll be studying full- or part-time, the level of the qualification, and the subject of study. For the majority of full-time undergraduate programmes, the timeframe is similar to a traditional bachelor’s course of three or four years. For part-time courses, your studies may take additional two or three years. Most online university courses will give a specific time period within which students must complete their studies.

5.

Cheaper than usual

F.

One of the leading providers of online education in the UK is the Open University. Fees at the Open University vary depending on whether you study part-time or full-time, but the average cost for full-time is ?5,264 annually for three years. This is approximately ?3,700 less per year than enrolling at a campus-based UK university as a home student, and considerably less than the amount international students would pay to study in the UK.

6.

Fewer possibilities

G.

In the last few years another type of online education has appeared –  MOOCs (massive open online courses). These are free online education programmes that anyone can sign up to, typically offered by well-known universities. They now cover a wide range of subjects. As MOOCs are free and open to all with access to the internet, they are useful for people of all ages and professional backgrounds who are keen to learn a new skill or gain information about a particular subject.

7.

Types of distance learning

8.

Not for everybody

Решение:

3718254

Другие задачи на эту тему

Показать текст аудирования (секретно!)

Задание 1

Now we are ready to start.

Speaker A

Monarchy sounds pretty cool… a King, Queen, Prince or Princess, royal ceremonies and weddings. But when it comes to making important decisions, the fate of the country is left to chance. Monarchy is having one person with absolute power and that person can overrule any decision! Is it fair if your family has worked hard for three generations and then someone comes in and takes away everything you have? If you have a bad king or queen, you are in big trouble for a long time because you can’t vote out a monarch.

Speaker B

Who needs democracy nowadays? The politicians misuse the rights given to them. On the contrary, monarchy, if used right, could be very effective. It works very well because the monarch can really get things done as he has no congress or parliament to convince to do things his way. The monarch acts like a president, but he has years of experience to add to the role of government adviser, having worked with many political parties over the years. My country is ruled by the monarchy. The Prince and Princess are nice people and they’ve done a lot for our country.

Speaker C

In reality, there are a lot of people who feel that monarchy is an expensive anachronism. In the UK, the monarchy is not nearly as costly to the taxpayers as some people think it is. They make far more money for Great Britain than they receive. The tourist trade became huge in the last century; much of it made from the Royalty. The Royals also raise enormous amounts of money for charities by being patrons of them. Besides, we do not have to elect a president, and this alone saves a lot of money. I’m sure Britain would be far less well-off as a republic.

Speaker D

The monarchy is thousands of years old and it is steeped in tradition. One can say that monarchy is a bit outdated but it does have lots of advantages. Firstly, it attracts plenty of tourists, who love visiting Britain because of its rich cultural and historic heritage, which is mostly due to the Royals. Everyone loves the Royals and they want to see Buckingham palace. Did you see how many people were present at the wedding of Prince William and Princess Kate? Abolishing the monarchy would be the same as knocking down the Tower of London.

Speaker E

The most well organized nations in Europe are all monarchies. I don’t think this is a coincidence. I think having a neutral monarch provides strength and unity in the country. The monarch provides a sense of continuity in times of political and social change. While political parties change constantly, the sovereign continues as Head of State, providing a stable framework within which a government can introduce wide-ranging reforms. And at least one part of the government is always there. Elected parties come and go, but the monarch is always there to ensure that the elected government is put in place.

Speaker F

I would say most of us are a bit indifferent in our opinions on monarchy. Having never lived under a monarchy, we mostly don’t have sufficient experience to really know what it’s like to be under a monarch. However, I can’t see any significant difference between a monarchy and a republic. Most of the western European republics are almost no different in constitution from monarchy, except that they have a president instead of a king or queen to do formal stuff like summoning and dissolving Parliament, calling elections, and appointing the Prime Minister. So from a governmental point of view, there’s absolutely no benefit.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you will hear the texts again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers. (Pause 15 seconds.)

1. Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A-F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1-7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

1) Stability is one of the biggest advantages of monarchy.
2) What the world requires today is monarchy.
3) Monarchy has no real advantage at all.
4) The monarchy more than pays for itself.
5) Monarchy may be the worst form of government!
6) Monarchy is an expensive anachronism.
7) The monarchy gives people a sense of history and heritage.

Задание ЕГЭ по английскому языку

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Показать текст аудирования (секретно!)

Задание 2

Now we are ready to start.

Kate: Hi, Pete — I just wondered if you fancied coming out for a coffee.
Pete: Oh, I was just writing a letter.
Kate: Writing a letter! Is your phone out of order?
Pete: No… well, not exactly a letter. Ben’s applied for a job at a children’s summer camp, and they’ve asked me for a character reference. He must have put me down as one of his referees.
Kate: Oh dear — you’re not going to tell them the truth, are you?
Pete: What do you mean?
Kate: Well, that he’s a big-headed show-off who goes out every night and never does a day’s work.
Pete: Oh, come on, he’s not that bad — I mean, kids love him. Do you remember the birthday party that he arranged for his little brother last month? It was really fantastic! And he always entertains his brother’s friends with his magic tricks and silly jokes.
Kate: Oh yes, he’s great with children — but he’s a big kid himself, isn’t he?
Pete: Yes, I suppose he is a bit immature. You never know what he is up to.
Kate: And I hope they don’t expect him to work before four o’clock in the afternoon. You know what he’s like — he needs a bomb under him to get him up in the morning.
Pete: That’s right. He’s always late in the morning.
Kate: Also, he hates taking orders from anybody. Do you remember that job he had last summer in a restaurant? He ended up throwing a bucket of water over the chef when she asked him to wash the kitchen floor.
Pete: Oh no, don’t remind me. He won’t do anything he doesn’t enjoy, will he? Mind you, he did run that restaurant single-handed when the chef and two of the waiters were off sick with food poisoning.
Kate: That’s true. He’s good in a crisis. But having said that, he’s good at causing a crisis as well I mean, you know the food poisoning was his fault, don’t you?
Pete: Oh, yes — oh dear, this isn’t helping. Yet I think he could…
Kate: Hey, do you think he’s still got blue hair?
Pete: Well, his appearance is rather strange but kids find it rather attractive, Come on. Let’s go and get that coffee.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)
Now you will hear the text again. (Repeat.)
This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers. (Pause 15 seconds.)

2. Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений A-G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

A Ben has already worked at a children’s summer camp.
B Ben is self-assured, outgoing and extremely sociable.
C Ben is good at entertaining children.
D Ben is a mature person.
E Ben is best suited to early morning tasks.
F Ben shows great initiative and responds well to a challenge.
G Ben is a bit of a trouble-maker.

Задание ЕГЭ по английскому языку

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Задание 3

Now we are ready to start.

Question: Doctor Dibb, what is ARCTAS?

Answer: ARCTAS stands for the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites. It is part of the activities that are going on under the umbrella of the International Polar Year about every 40 or 50 years. 2008 and 2009 are two of those years when this is occurring after the last ones were in the 50’s. This is the time when the international community comes together and focuses on polar aspects.

Question: Why should we study the Arctic?

Answer: It’s generally a very clean region because nobody or very few people actually live there, but there’s a lot of pollution that is imported into those areas and transported there. So our main goal is to see how it is getting transported, where it is coming from and what impact it might have on the regional climate in the arctic region.

Question: Why don’t you use satellites to get this data?

Answer: The satellites do a good job of staying there for several years so they do provide us a longterm view of things. They also cover a lot of territory so they are more global in nature, but they don’t do a very good job in terms of the details. They don’t measure a lot of things that we need to know in order to understand the system, in order to be able to model it and to forecast or predict the changes in the future. So a lot of detailed observations we will be doing using airborne platforms are really not possible from satellites. But there is a second aspect. Things that are measurable from satellites require a lot of validation, because a satellite is really an indirect measure of things.

Question: How does this study relate to climate change?

Answer: Given the recent loss of Arctic ice in 2007, which was unprecedented, this is a fortuitous time for us to be here looking at climate change in the Arctic. We’re particularly interested in the atmospheric contribution to that so in the spring we’re looking at what is traditionally been described as Arctic haze. Besides, this Arctic haze has components that come from pollution transport from mid-latitude locations such as North America, Europe and Siberia.

Question: So, are you looking at how carbon dioxide is related to climate change?

Answer: We’re not only looking at carbon dioxide, which is the most recognizable greenhouse gas, but also at methane, and CFC’s and ozone, even more importantly. Ozone is a greenhouse gas that’s not emitted by pollution but is created by the chemistry of pollutants as they’re transported to the Arctic. Trying to understand those things is an important part of this campaign.

Question: What recent changes in the Arctic have made the ARCTAS mission really important?

Answer: One of the things that has been of great interest in the last few years is why the snow and ice are now. melting earlier in the year and freezing up later and, clearly, the air is a little warmer. There’s also speculation that the dirt and the black carbon that is in the Arctic haze that’s deposited just as the sun is coming up may actually change the reflection of the snow and hasten the melt season. So where is this black carbon coming from? Is it increasing or decreasing over time? And does it have a measurable effect on the reflection of the white surface as we come out of the winter in the Arctic? These questions are a major motivation behind ARCTAS.

Question: What is your field of study and how does it relate to the ARCTAS mission?

Answer: We have a lot of similar issues, like where the air comes from that gets to a place like Greenland and how it gets out of the atmosphere, and onto the ground. Recently we’ve discovered that there’s very active processing of the snow. When the sun shines on the snow, a lot of complicated chemistry happens that nobody knew about 10 years ago. I’m actually studying snow and air samples in Greenland to better understand ice core analyses that have been done by other folks in our group and in other areas of the world.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you will hear the text again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers. (Pause 15 seconds.)

This is the end of the Listening Test.

Вы услышите интервью с учёным. В заданиях 3-9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

3. What is the International Polar Year?

1. It happens every 50 years.2. It lasts for about a year.3. It is a programme of scientific research.

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4. Why do scientists study the Arctic?

1. It is a rather polluted region.2. This region is getting polluted nowadays.3. It is a very clean region.

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5. Why do scientists not use satellites to get necessary data?

1. The satellites can’t carry out detailed observations.2. They only provide a long-term view of things.3. They don’t measure things.

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6. Why are scientists going to look at the Arctic haze?

1. They want to study components that come from pollution.2. They are interested in atmospheric contribution to climate change.3. They are worried about an unprecedented loss of Arctic ice.

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7. Why is ozone so important for studying climate change?

1. It is created by the chemistry of pollutants.2. It is the most recognizable greenhouse gas.3. It is emitted by pollution.

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8. What makes the ARCTAS mission really important?

1. The necessity to study the black carbon.2. The interest why the snow and ice are melting.3. The fact that the black carbon hastens the melt season.

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9. What is Doctor Dibb’s field of study?

1. He examines snow and air samples.2. He studies how the air comes to Greenland.3. He carries out ice core analyses.

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10. Установите соответствие между заголовками 1-8 и текстами A-G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1) Foreign Food
2) Diet Dangers
3) Changing Habits
4) Eating Out

5) Plan Your Diet Carefully
6) Popular but Useless
7) Food Safety
8) Eating Together

A. A quick look at junk food facts tells us junk food and diets do not go hand in hand. Junk foods are also called ‘empty calorie’ foods and have no nutritional value. Nevertheless, they are enjoyed by lots of people because of their simplicity to manufacture, consume and, of course, their taste. Chocolates, burgers, pizzas, potato wafers and fries will surely find their way into everyone’s heart.

B. Thai cuisine is one of the healthiest foods you can eat. In fact, several Thai dishes, such as Tom Yum Soup, are currently under scientific study for their incredible health benefits. Of course, it’s already known that many of the fresh herbs and spices used in Thai cooking — such as turmeric, galangal, coriander, lemongrass, and fresh chillies have immune-boosting and disease-fighting power.

C. Vegetarian diets can be very healthy, but eating a balanced diet when you are vegetarian usually requires a little extra attention. Because vegetarians eliminate certain foods from their diets, they often need to work to add foods into their diet that will provide the nutrients found in meat products. If properly planned, vegetarian diets can provide all the nutrients you need.

D. It’s actually easy to make good choices at a fast-food restaurant or the cafeteria. Most cafeterias and fast-food places offer healthy choices that are also tasty, like grilled chicken or salads. Be mindful of portion sizes and high fat add-ons, like dressings, sauces or cheese. Most restaurant portions are larger than the average serving of food at home. Ask for half portions or take half of your dish home.

E. Family meals are making a comeback. Shared family meals are more likely to be nutritious, and kids who eat regularly with their families are less likely to snack on unhealthy foods and more likely to eat fruits and vegetables. Teens who take part in regular family meals are less likely to smoke, drink alcohol, or use drugs. Beyond health and nutrition, family meals provide a valuable opportunity to reconnect.

F. Families are cooking more meals at home, cutting back on take away in the face of the economic downturn. In addition to cutting back on take away and eating out, families have begun cooking more vegetarian meals and are adding vegetables, lentils and baked beans to allow them to cut back on meat quantity. Consumers also indicate that they are likely to prepare meals that can be spread across more than one mealtime.

G. In recent years it has become common practice for celebrities and stars to publicize food products. Businesses take advantage of consumers’ mentality of ‘following the stars’ and invite celebrities and stars to perform ‘false advertising’ so as to mislead or even deceive consumers. The law stipulates that those who publicize ‘faulty food products’ will share responsibility with food producers and sellers.

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11. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

When you mention the name ‘Hovercraft’ most people think of a helicopter. If someone sees one from the river bank, the term ‘airboat’ comes to their mind because most people are not quite sure A___________. Few people know of the personal sized hovercraft B___________.

A hovercraft is a vehicle, designed to travel over any smooth surface. Hovercraft are unique among all forms of transportation in their ability to travel equally well over land, ice, and water C___________. That is why they are used throughout the world as a means of specialized transport D___________. Hovercraft can be powered by one or more engines. The engine drives the fan, which is responsible for creating high pressure air. The air inflates the ‘skirt’ under the vehicle, causing it to rise above the ground.

The Hovercraft Museum, located in Hampshire, houses the world’s largest library of documents, publications, photographs and drawings on hovercraft, E___________. The museum also contains a large collection of original manufacturer’s hovercraft models including the world’s first working hovercraft model built by Christopher Cockerell.

Cockerell’s idea was to build a vehicle floating on a layer of air, F___________. To test his hypothesis, he put one smaller can inside a larger can and used a hairdryer to blow air into them. Christopher Cockerell was knighted for his achievement in 1969.

Hovercraft have now become much larger, more efficient and are in widespread use all over the world.

1) what they are looking at
2) which would reduce friction between the water and vehicle
3) all of which are available for research
4) where there is the need to travel over multiple types of surfaces
5) that are used worldwide for recreation, racing and rescue
6) so as to entertain the general public
7) because they are supported by a cushion of air

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Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12-18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

As Andrea turned off the motorway onto the road to Brockbourne, the small village in which she lived, it was four o’clock in the afternoon, but already the sun was falling behind the hills. At this time in December, it would be completely dark by five o’clock.

Andrea shivered. The interior of the car was not cold, but the trees bending in the harsh wind and the patches of yesterday’s snow still heaped in the fields made her feel chilly inside. It was another ten miles to the cottage where she lived with her husband Michael, and the dim light and wintry weather made her feel a little lonely.

She was just coming out of the little village of Mickley when she saw an old lady, standing by the road, with a crude hand-written sign saying ‘Brockbourne’ in her hand.

Andrea was surprised. She had never seen an old lady hitchhiking before. However, the weather and the coming darkness made her feel sorry for the lady, waiting hopefully on a country road like this with little traffic. Normally, Andrea would never pick up a hitchhiker when she was alone, thinking it was too dangerous, but what was the harm in doing a favor for a little old lady like this? Andrea pulled up a little way down the road, and the lady, holding a big shopping bag, hurried over to climb in the door which Andrea had opened for her.

When she did get in, Andrea could see that she was not, in fact, so little. Broad and fat, the old lady had some difficulty climbing in through the car door, with her big bag, and when she had got in, she more than filled the seat next to Andrea. She wore a long, shabby old dress, and she had a yellow hat pulled down low over her eyes. Panting noisily from her effort, she pushed her big brown canvas shopping bag down onto the floor under her feet, and said in a voice which was almost a whisper, ‘Thank you dearie. I’m just going to Brockbourne.’

‘Do you live there?’ asked Andrea, thinking that she had never seen the old lady in the village in the four years she had lived there herself. ‘No, dearie, ’ answered the passenger, in her soft voice, ‘I’m just going to visit a friend. He was supposed to meet me back there at Mickley, but his car won’t start, so I decided to hitchhike. I knew some kind soul would give me a lift.’

Something in the way the lady spoke, and the way she never turned her head, but stared continuously into the darkness ahead from under her old yellow hat, made Andrea uneasy about this strange hitchhiker. She didn’t know why, but she felt instinctively that there was something wrong, something odd, something … dangerous. But how could an old lady be dangerous? It was absurd. Careful not to turn her head, Andrea looked sideways at her passenger. She studied the hat, the dirty collar of the dress, the shapeless body, the arms with their thick black hairs… Thick black hairs? Hairy arms? Andrea’s blood froze. This wasn’t a woman. It was a man.

At first, she didn’t know what to do. Then suddenly, an idea came into her terrified brain. Swinging the wheel suddenly, she threw the car into a skid, and brought it toa halt. ‘My God!’ she shouted, ‘A child! Did you see the child? I think I hit her!’ The ‘old lady’ was clearly shaken by the sudden skid. ‘I didn’t see anything dearie, ’ she said. ‘I don’t think you hit anything.’ ‘I’m sure it was a child!’ insisted Andrea. ‘Could you just get out and have a look? Just see if there’s anything on the road?’ She held her breath. Would her plan work?

It did. The passenger slowly opened the car door, leaving her bag inside, and climbed out to investigate. As soon as she was out of the vehicle, Andrea gunned the engine and soon she had put a good three miles between herself and the awful hitchhiker.

It was only then that she thought about the bag lying on the floor in front of her.Maybe the bag would provide some information about the real identity of the old woman who was actually not an old woman. Pulling into the side of the road, Andrea lifted the heavy bag onto her lap and opened it curiously. It contained only one item — a small hand axe, with a razor-sharp blade. The axe, and the inside of the bag, were covered with the dark red stains of dried blood. Andrea began to scream.

(Adapted from ‘The Hitchhiker’, a common urban legend)

12. Andrea shivered because

1. it was chilly inside the car.2. it was snowing outside.3. the weather was wintry.4. the sun was falling behind the hills.

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13. Andrea decided to give the old woman a lift because

1. she was alone.2. had never seen an old lady hitchhiking before.3. she didn’t think it was dangerous.4. she normally picked up hitchhikers.

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14. The old lady seemed strange to Andrea since

1. she didn’t take off her yellow hat.2. she had a big shopping bag.3. her behaviour was unnatural.4. she wore old shabby clothes.

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15. Andrea suddenly stopped her car because

1. she wanted to make the passenger get out of the car.2. she intended to frighten her passenger.3. she thought she had hit a child.4. the car skidded as there was ice on the road.

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16. Andrea opened the bag because

1. she intended to throw her things away.2. she wanted to find out who the passenger was.3. she would like to use her things.4. she was going to find the address of ‘the old lady’.

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17. Andrea felt terrified because the hitchhiker turned out to be

1. a woodcutter.2. a murderer.3. a smuggler.4. a thief.

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18. According to the story, Andrea was

1. persistent.2. cold-hearted.3. suspicious.4. resourceful.

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Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика.

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст, предложения которого распределены по заданиям 19-25. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами.

19. My Friend

My friend Mark hates sport. He isn’t very good at running and he ____________(NOT CAN) catch a ball.

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20. Mark likes computers. So he is much more interested in ____________(USE) a computer which is in our classroom.

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21. Every Monday we have to go swimming but last week Mark ____________(NOT BRING) his swimming things to school.

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Верный ответ: Didnotbring

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22. Our teacher asked, ‘____________(BRING) (you) your swimming costume today, Mark?’

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Верный ответ: Haveyoubrought

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23. Mark ____________(SHAKE) his head. He looked miserable.

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24. The teacher got angry and said, ‘Then you ____________(STAY) at school until we come back. Wait for us in the classroom.’

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25. Mark ____________(PUNISH) but he was very happy because he could play computer PUNISH games.

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Верный ответ: Waspunished

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Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст, распределенный по заданиям 26-31. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами.

26. Florida

When the famous explorer, Columbus claimed Florida for Spain in 1492, he had never laid eyes on it. The area’s most important early ____________(VISIT) thus set a pattern that has continued for centuries.

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27. There is a general belief amongst people, apparently quite ____________(CONNECT) with whether or not they’ve been there themselves, that Florida is a good place to go.

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Верный ответ: Unconnected

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28. In fact, it is almost impossible not to enjoy yourself in Florida today, given the wonderful ____________(SELECT) of facilities available to tourists.

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29. Some of the world’s most popular tourist attractions are located in the state whose ____________(SAND) beaches welcome 40 million people each year.

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30. These days it seems ____________(POINT) to describe Florida’s geography and climate.

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31. After all, few people would have ____________(DIFFICULT) in finding it on a map and most would know what weather to expect there.

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Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32-38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов вместе с предложениями из текста ниже.

The Phoenix Legend

This magical, mythical bird has long been a part of legends, dating 32___________ to ancient civilizations. In today’s culture, the phoenix’s legend is still going 33___________, with a major city in the United States named after the resurrecting beast and popular books and movies, including the phenomenally successful ‘Harry Potter’ series encompassing the bird into characters and plots.

Since the story has come 34___________ to us through the oral tradition, there is no single version of it. It varies from teller to teller-each adding something of their own and changing tiny aspects of it. 35___________ , the main facts of the legend of the Phoenix remain intact, even though the myth has been adulterated.

According to the legend, the Phoenix is a supernatural creature that has an incredibly long 36___________, stretching to at least a thousand years. It cannot fall sick or get injured at any point in its lifetime. However, some believe that it does get affected by disease or drought, which leads it to prematurely enter the next phase of its life.

Once that time is over, the bird builds its own funeral pyre. The traditional story goes that the phoenix ignites himself, burns to ash, and then rises again from the ashes to live another thousand years. This triumph over adversity has caused the bird to become the 37___________ or symbol of many groups and organizations. Once the bird is born from ashes, the cycle begins anew.

Another version of the story is that before the fire consumes the bird, it lays an egg, which hatches a new phoenix. This phoenix will live to be a thousand years old before having an 38___________ in the same method. There is no way of ascertaining which version of the story is true, but all of them express the same theme: the triumph over adversity.

32. Выберите пропущенное слово

This magical, mythical bird has long been a part of legends, dating 32___________ to ancient civilizations.

1. through2. away3. back4. from

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33. Выберите пропущенное слово

In today’s culture, the phoenix’s legend is still going 33___________, with a major city in the United States named after the resurrecting beast and popular books and movies, including the phenomenally successful ‘Harry Potter’ series encompassing the bird into characters and plots.

1. strong2. alive3. fine4. healthy

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34. Выберите пропущенное слово

Since the story has come 34___________ to us through the oral tradition, there is no single version of it.

1. down2. forward3. round4. back

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35. Выберите пропущенное слово

It varies from teller to teller-each adding something of their own and changing tiny aspects of it. 35___________ , the main facts of the legend of the Phoenix remain intact, even though the myth has been adulterated.

1. Regardless2. Nonetheless3. Therefore4. As a result

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36. Выберите пропущенное слово

According to the legend, the Phoenix is a supernatural creature that has an incredibly long 36___________, stretching to at least a thousand years.

1. lifescan2. lifespan3. lifespam4. lifespin

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37. Выберите пропущенное слово

This triumph over adversity has caused the bird to become the 37___________ or symbol of many groups and organizations.

1. anthem2. amulet3. pendant4. mascot

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38. Выберите пропущенное слово

This phoenix will live to be a thousand years old before having an 38___________ in the same method.

1. offcut2. predecessor3. offspring4. ancestor

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Обратите внимание на необходимость соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются. Запишите сначала номер задания (39, 40), а затем ответ на него.

39. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Harry who writes:

I’m fine but I’ve got a very busy week ahead. I’m a member of the school team and we are preparing for an important match in the City Championship. Are you fond of football? Do you watch football matches on TV? What other sports do you enjoy?

Well, I’d better go now. I’ve got to do some more training — I don’t want to lose this match.

Write back to Harry.
In your letter

— answer his questions

— ask 3 questions about his preparation for the match

Write 100 — 140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.

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40. Comment on the following statement.

Human cloning experiments should not be controlled by the government.

What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?

Write 200 — 250 words.
Use the following plan:

— make an introduction (state the problem paraphrasing the given statement)

— express your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion

— express an opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasons for this opposing opinion

— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion

— make a conclusion restating your position

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Âûáåðèòå ïðàâèëüíîå ñëîâî.

1 How did you (B) get Stephen to help you with the housework? (Êàê òû óãîâîðèëà Ñòèâåíà ïîìî÷ü òåáå ïî äîìó?)

2 This time next week we (C) will be surfing at Sydney’s Bondi Beach. (Íà ñëåäóþùåé íåäåëå â ýòî âðåìÿ ìû áóäåì çàíèìàòüñÿ ñåðôèíãîì íà ïëÿæå Áîíäè â Ñèäíåå)

3 The local council has decided to go (B) ahead with the construction of a new library. (Ìåñòíûé ñîâåò ðåøèë ïðèñòóïèòü ê ñòðîèòåëüñòâó íîâîé áèáëèîòåêè)

4 Can you please stop complaining? It’s really (A) getting on my nerves! (Ïîæàëóéñòà, íå ìîã áû òû ïðåêðàòèòü æàëîâàòüñÿ? Ýòî äåéñòâóåò ìíå íà íåðâû!)

5 The painter’s amazing biography made quite an impression (A) on the art students. (Óäèâèòåëüíàÿ áèîãðàôèÿ õóäîæíèêà ïðîèçâåëà âïå÷àòëåíèå íà ñòóäåíòîâ, èçó÷àþùèõ èñêóññòâî)

6 Becky’s teeth always start to (B) chatter when she stays out in the cold for too long. (Çóáû Áåêêè âñåãäà íà÷èíàþò ñòó÷àòü, êîãäà îíà íàõîäèòñÿ íà õîëîäå ñëèøêîì äîëãî)

7 The school (A) whose team reaches the finals will enter the state championship. (Òà øêîëà, ÷üÿ êîìàíäà âûéäåò â ôèíàë, áóäåò ó÷àñòâîâàòü â ÷åìïèîíàòå øòàòà)

8 This house is said (C) to have been built in the 1930s. (Ýòîò äîì, êàê ãîâîðÿò, áûë ïîñòðîåí â 1930 ãîäó)

9 Paul (B) hadn’t taught young children before, so he found it quite demanding. (Ïàóëü ðàíüøå íèêîãäà íå ó÷èë ìàëåíüêèõ äåòåé, ïîýòîìó åìó êàæåòñÿ, ÷òî ýòî î÷åíü îòâåòñòâåííî)

10 He recommended (B) installing a burglar alarm to protect the house against thieves. (Îí ðåêîìåíäîâàë óñòàíîâèòü îõðàííóþ ñèãíàëèçàöèþ, ÷òîáû çàùèòèòü äîì îò âîðîâ)

11 My mother came (B) across a beautiful antique vase at the bazaar. (Ìîÿ ìàìà íàòêíóëàñü íà áàçàðå íà êðàñèâóþ ñòàðèííóþ âàçó)

12 Joey always (A) clenches his fists when he’s angry. (Äæîè âñåãäà ñæèìàåò êóëàêè, êîãäà çëèòñÿ)

13 Frank should see a doctor; that (C) hacking cough of his sounds bad. (Ôðýíêó ñëåäóåò îáðàòèòüñÿ ê âðà÷ó; åãî êàøåëü î÷åíü ïëîõî çâó÷èò)

14 Lisa was ashamed (A) of her rude behaviour and apologised to Ben. (Ëèçå áûëî ñòûäíî çà ñâîå ãðóáîå ïîâåäåíèå è îíà èçâèíèëàñü ïåðåä Áåíîì)

15 The conman spent five years in prison after he was (C) convicted of fraud. (Àôåðèñò ïðîâåë â òþðüìå ïÿòü ëåò ïîñëå òîãî, êàê îí áûë îñóæäåí çà ìîøåííè÷åñòâî)

16 Henry never borrows money from anyone because he can’t stand (A) having debts. (Ãåíðè íèêîãäà íè ó êîãî íå çàíèìàåò äåíüãè, ïîòîìó ÷òî îí òåðïåòü íå ìîæåò èìåòü äîëãè)

17 Take your umbrella with you because it (B) looks like it’s going to rain. (Âîçüìèòå ñ ñîáîé çîíòèê, ïîòîìó ÷òî íà óëèöå ñîáèðàåòñÿ äîæäü)

18 Since no one could attend the staff meeting, it was put (C) off until the following week. (Òàê êàê íèêòî íå ìîã ïðèñóòñòâîâàòü íà ñîâåùàíèè øòàáà, îíî áûëî îòëîæåíî äî ñëåäóþùåé íåäåëè)

19 Liam is suffering from a back (B) injury and won’t be able to compete in today’s match. (Ëèàì ñòðàäàåò îò òðàâìû ñïèíû è íå ñìîæåò ó÷àñòâîâàòü â ñåãîäíÿøíåì ìàò÷å)

20 Since there’s nothing you can do about the situation, you’ll just have to (C) grin and bear it. (Òàê êàê âû íå ìîæåòå íè÷åãî ñäåëàòü â ýòîé ñèòóàöèè, âû äîëæíû ïðîñòî ñìèðèòüñÿ ñ ýòèì)

21 Ron felt a sharp pain in his knee, so he decided to (C) have it checked by a doctor. (Ðîí ïî÷óâñòâîâàë ðåçêóþ áîëü â êîëåíå, ïîýòîìó ðåøèë îáðàòèòüñÿ ê âðà÷ó)

22 Maria won’t forget (B) winning first place in the dance competition; it was the best moment in her life! (Ìàðèÿ íå çàáóäåò òî, êàê îíà çàíÿëà ïåðâîå ìåñòî â êîíêóðñå òàíöåâ; ýòî áûë ëó÷øèé ìîìåíò â åå æèçíè!)

23 Nick (A) has been working on the project for hours; I’m sure he’s exhausted. (Íèê ðàáîòàë íàä ïðîåêòîì â òå÷åíèå íåñêîëüêèõ ÷àñîâ, ÿ óâåðåí, ÷òî îí óñòàë)

24 The teacher asked to see Brad (A) with a view to talking about his poor exam results. (Ó÷èòåëü ïîïðîñèë Áðåäà óâèäåòüñÿ ñ íèì, ÷òîáû ïîãîâîðèòü î åãî ïëîõèõ ðåçóëüòàòîâ ýêçàìåíîâ)

25 Tommy has no respect (A) for elderly people; he talks to them as if they were his peers. (Òîììè íå èìååò íèêàêîãî óâàæåíèÿ ê ïîæèëûì ëþäÿì; îí ðàçãîâàðèâàåò ñ íèìè, êàê áóäòî îíè åãî ñâåðñòíèêè)

26 The police wanted to question James again because they suspected he had kept (C) back important information. (Ïîëèöèÿ õîòåëà ñíîâà äîïðîñèòü Äæåéìñà, ïîòîìó ÷òî îíè ïîäîçðåâàëè, ÷òî îí óòàèë âàæíóþ èíôîðìàöèþ)

27 Put these batteries in the recycling bin; they’re not (B) rechargeable so we can’t use them again. (Âûêèíüòå ýòè áàòàðåéêè â ìóñîðíûé ÿùèê; îíè íå ïåðåçàðÿæàåìûå, ïîýòîìó ìû íå ñìîæåì èñïîëüçîâàòü èõ ñíîâà)

28 She spent hours looking for her purse, but it (C) had disappeared. (Îíà äîëãî èñêàë ñâîé êîøåëåê, íî îí ñëîâíî èñ÷åç)

29 Ian usually has tough deadlines to meet at work, so he (B) is used to working under pressure. (Ó ßíà îáû÷íî æåñòêèå ñðîêè âñòðå÷ íà ðàáîòå, ïîýòîìó îí ïðèâûê ðàáîòàòü ïîä äàâëåíèåì)

30 Alan wanted to (A) dissuade quit his studies, but his parents managed to him. (Àëàí õîòåë áðîñèòü ó÷åáó, íî åãî ðîäèòåëè ðàçóáåäèëè åãî)

31 I’d better see a dentist; I have this toothache that just won’t go (A) away. (Ìíå áûëî áû ëó÷øå îáðàòèòüñÿ ê ñòîìàòîëîãó; ìîÿ çóáíàÿ áîëü íå ïðîõîäèò)

32 Emma isn’t a very sociable person, she usually (C) keeps to herself. (Ýììà íå î÷åíü îáùèòåëüíûé ÷åëîâåê, îáû÷íî îíà âñå äåðæèò â ñåáå)

33 Jane wasn’t really hurt in the accident; she just (B) bruised her arm and her leg. (Äæåéí íå ïîñòðàäàëà â àâàðèè, îíà ïðîñòî óøèáëà ðóêó è íîãó)

34 Clever salesmen often trick people (C) into buying things they don’t really need. (Ëîâêèå ïðîäàâöû ÷àñòî ïûòàþòñÿ îáìàíûâàòü ëþäåé, ÷òîáû îíè ïîêóïàëè âåùè, êîòîðûå èì íå î÷åíü íóæíû)

35 If a bully tries to (B) pick a fight with you, the best thing to do is to walk away. (Åñëè õóëèãàí ïûòàåòñÿ ïîäðàòüñÿ ñ âàìè, ëó÷øåå, ÷òî ìîæíî ñäåëàòü, — ýòî óéòè)

36 The parcel (A) will be delivered to you as soon as possible. (Ïîñûëêà áóäåò äîñòàâëåíà âàì êàê ìîæíî ñêîðåå)

37 You shouldn’t use Eric’s computer without (C) asking him first. (Òåáå íåëüçÿ èñïîëüçîâàòü êîìïüþòåð Ýðèêà, ñïåðâà íå ñïðîñèâ åãî)

38 The ferry boat (C) leaves for the island an hour later at weekends. ( âûõîäíûå äíè ïàðîì îòïðàâëÿåòñÿ íà îñòðîâ íà ÷àñ ïîçæå)

39 I haven’t seen Nathan since he (C) left the company. (ß íå âèäåë Íàòàíà ñ òåõ ïîð, êàê îí ïîêèíóë êîìïàíèþ)

40 It didn’t take Malcolm long to recover from the accident; he was back on his (B) feet in a few days. (Âîññòàíîâëåíèå Ìàëüêîëüìà ïîñëå íåñ÷àñòíîãî ñëó÷àÿ íå çàéìåò ìíîãî âðåìåíè; îí âñòàíåò íà íîãè â òå÷åíèå íåñêîëüêèõ äíåé)

41 Albert’s classmates often pick (B) on him because he has bright red hair. (Îäíîêëàññíèêè Àëüáåðòà ÷àñòî äðàçíÿò åãî, ïîòîìó ÷òî ó íåãî ÿðêèå êðàñíûå âîëîñû)

42 The increase in greenhouse gases (C) sàós bad news for the future of our planet. (Óâåëè÷åíèå ïàðíèêîâûõ ãàçîâ îêàçûâàåò îòðèöàòåëüíîå âîçäåéñòâèå äëÿ áóäóùåãî íàøåé ïëàíåòû)

43 Take your keys with you (A) in case I’m not home when you return this evening. (Âîçüìèòå êëþ÷è ñ ñîáîé íà ñëó÷àé, åñëè ìåíÿ íå áóäåò äîìà, êîãäà âû âåðíåòåñü ñåãîäíÿ âå÷åðîì)

44 It was (B) such terrible weather that there were hardly any people out in the streets. (Áûëà òàêàÿ óæàñíàÿ ïîãîäà, ÷òî íà óëèöàõ ïî÷òè íå áûëî ëþäåé)

45 It (C) is said by people in the office that Jacob was caught red-handed stealing the money. ( îôèñå ïîãîâàðèâàþò, ÷òî ßêîâ áûë ïîéìàí íà êðàæå äåíåã ñ ïîëè÷íûì)

46 I can’t wait (C) to tell Matthew the good news! (Íå òåðïèòñÿ ðàññêàçàòü Ìàòôåþ õîðîøèå íîâîñòè!)

47 Be careful with that sharp knife! You (B) are going to cut yourself. (Áóäü îñòîðîæåí ñ îñòðûì íîæîì! Òû ñåé÷àñ ïîðåæåøüñÿ)

48 Bill won’t be attending the conference (A) because he’s out of town. (Áèëë íå áóäåò ïðèñóòñòâîâàòü íà êîíôåðåíöèè, ïîòîìó ÷òî îí óåõàë èç ãîðîäà)

49 A hidden camera inside the bank enabled the police to (C) identify the criminals. (Ñêðûòàÿ êàìåðà âíóòðè áàíêà ïîçâîëèëà ïîëèöèè èäåíòèôèöèðîâàòü ïðåñòóïíèêîâ)

50 The students are looking forward (C) to taking part in tree-planting day. (Ñòóäåíòû ñ íåòåðïåíèåì îæèäàþò ó÷àñòèÿ íà äíå ïîñàäêè äåðåâüåâ)

51 As a child, Debbie (A) stammered a lot, but now she speaks quite clearly.  äåòñòâå Äåááè ìíîãî çàïèíàëàñü, íî ñåé÷àñ îíà ãîâîðèò äîñòàòî÷íî ÷åòêî)

52 The fire fighters spent six hours trying to (B) extinguish the fire in the factory. (Ïîæàðíûå ïîòðàòèëè øåñòü ÷àñîâ, ïûòàÿñü ïîòóøèòü ïîæàð íà çàâîäå)

53 William thinks he is the black (A) sheep of his family because he’s the only one without a university degree. (Óèëüÿì ñ÷èòàåò ñåáÿ áåëîé âîðîíîé â ñâîåé ñåìüå, ïîòîìó ÷òî îí åäèíñòâåííûé áåç âûñøåãî îáðàçîâàíèÿ)

54 David never stops boasting (C) about his high marks; it’s so annoying! (Äýâèä íèêîãäà íå ïåðåñòàåò õâàñòàòüñÿ ñâîèìè âûñîêèìè îöåíêàìè; ýòî òàê ðàçäðàæàåò!)

55 The mountaineers (C) will have reached the summit by late afternoon. (Àëüïèíèñòû äîñòèãëè âåðøèíû ê êîíöó äíÿ)

56 When my brother and I argue, our parents (B) refuse to take sides. (Êîãäà ìû ñ áðàòîì ñïîðèì, ðîäèòåëè îòêàçûâàþòñÿ ïðèíèìàòü ÷üþ-ëèáî ñòîðîíó)

57 There is a great need to (C) set up a recycling centre in our area. (Â íàøåì ðàéîíå åñòü áîëüøàÿ ïîòðåáíîñòü â ñîçäàíèè öåíòðà óòèëèçàöèè)

58 We’d better get on the bus now; it’s (B) about to leave. (Íàì ëó÷øå ñåñòü â àâòîáóñ, îí ñåé÷àñ óåäåò)

59 Their wedding invitation came as a surprise; we didn’t even know they were (A) engaged! (Èõ ñâàäåáíîå ïðèãëàøåíèå ñòàëî íåîæèäàííîñòüþ, ìû äàæå íå çíàëè, ÷òî îíè áûëè ïîìîëâëåíû!)

60 We never expected that Celia would move to the country. Her decision was out of the (A) blue. (Ìû íå îæèäàëè, ÷òî Ñèëèÿ çàõî÷åò ïóòåøåñòâîâàòü ïî ñòðàíå. Åå ðåøåíèå áûëî íåîæèäàííîñòüþ)

61 Do you know the names of the people who were involved (C) in this project? (Âû çíàåòå èìåíà ëþäåé, êîòîðûå áûëè âîâëå÷åíû â ýòîò ïðîåêò?)

62 Cynthia (B) used to like living in the city centre, but now she’s grown tired of it. (Ñèíòèè íðàâèëîñü æèòü â öåíòðå, íî ñåé÷àñ îíà óñòàëà îò ýòîãî)

63 Teens often find it difficult to (B) resist peer pressure, as they want to fit in with their friends. (Ïîäðîñòêàì ÷àñòî òðóäíî ïðîòèâîñòîÿòü äàâëåíèþ ñâåðñòíèêîâ, ïîòîìó ÷òî îíè õîòÿò áûòü òàêèìè æå, êàê èõ äðóçüÿ)

64 Why (C) are you smelling the cheese? Has it gone off? (Ïî÷åìó âû íþõàåòå ñûð? Îí èñïîðòèëñÿ?)

65 I saw Oliver yesterday, but he (A) was running to catch the bus, so I didn’t have a chance to talk to him. (ß â÷åðà âèäåëà Îëèâåðà, íî îí áåæàë, ÷òîáû óñïåòü íà àâòîáóñ, ïîýòîìó ó ìåíÿ íå áûëî âîçìîæíîñòè ïîãîâîðèòü ñ íèì)

66 Charlotte had to (A) face many difficulties in her new job, but she managed to handle them successfully. (Øàðëîòòå ïðèøëîñü ñòîëêíóòüñÿ ñî ìíîãèìè òðóäíîñòÿìè â ñâîåé íîâîé ðàáîòå, íî åé óäàëîñü óñïåøíî ñïðàâèòüñÿ ñ íèìè)

67 It was (B) such bad book that I never finished reading it. (Ýòî áûë òàêàÿ ïëîõàÿ êíèãà, ÷òî ÿ íèêîãäà íå äî÷èòàþ åå)

68 The men who (C) robbed the jewellery shop got away with ?100,000 worth of jewellery. (Ìóæ÷èí, êîòîðûå îãðàáèëè þâåëèðíûé ìàãàçèí óêðàëè þâåëèðíûå èçäåëèÿ íà ñóììó ?100 000)

69 Charles tried to move his broken leg, but felt a(n) (B) excruciating pain as soon as he did so. (×àðëüç ïûòàëñÿ ïîøåâåëèòü ñëîìàííîé íîãîé, íî ïî÷óâñòâîâàë íåâûíîñèìóþ áîëü, êàê òîëüêî îí ñäåëàë ýòî)

70 The museum doesn’t let visitors (A) photograph the exhibits. (Ìóçåé íå ïîçâîëÿåò ïîñåòèòåëÿì ôîòîãðàôèðîâàòü ýêñïîíàòû)

71 Have you decided whether to buy this car, or are you still in two (C) minds about it? (Âû óæå ðåøèëè, ñòîèò ëè ïîêóïàòü ýòîò àâòîìîáèëü, èëè âû âñå åùå ñîìíåâàåòåñü?)

72 Who is responsible (A) for organising the school’s music festival? (Êòî íåñåò îòâåòñòâåííîñòü çà îðãàíèçàöèþ øêîëüíîãî ôåñòèâàëÿ?)

73 I feel a bit (C) dizzy; do you mind if I sit down for a while? (Ó ìåíÿ çàêðóæèëàñü ãîëîâà; Âû íå âîçðàæàåòå, åñëè ÿ ïðèñÿäó íåíàäîëãî?)

74 You won’t find Adam in his office this week. He (B) is working from home, so you can call him there. (Âû íå íàéäåòå Àäàìà â îôèñå íà ýòîé íåäåëå. Îí ðàáîòàåò äîìà, ïîýòîìó âû ìîæåòå ïîçâîíèòü åìó òóäà)

75 I know you haven’t received the email yet, but don’t worry, it (C) will be sent tonight. (ß çíàþ, ÷òî òû íå ïîëó÷èë ýëåêòðîííîå ïèñüìî, íî íå âîëíóéñÿ, îíî áóäåò îòïðàâëåíî ñåãîäíÿ)

76 (B) Since I hadn’t kept the receipt, I couldn’t return the broken MP3 player. (Òàê êàê ÿ íå ñîõðàíèë ÷åê, ÿ íå ñìîã âåðíóòü ñëîìàííûé MP3-ïëååð)

77 Chloe was jogging in the park, but she stopped (B) to take some rest for a few minutes. (Õëîÿ áåãàëà â ïàðêå, íî îíà îñòàíîâèëàñü, ÷òîáû ïåðåäîõíóòü íåñêîëüêî ìèíóò)

78 Whenever Laura doesn’t know the answer to a question, she just (A) shrugs her shoulders and says nothing. (Êîãäà Ëàóðà íå çíàåò îòâåòà íà âîïðîñ, îíà òîëüêî ïîæèìàåò ïëå÷àìè è ìîë÷èò)

79 When Sarah’s sister is born, Sarah won’t be a(n) (C) only child any more! (Êîãäà ðîäèòñÿ ñåñòðà Ñàðû, îíà áîëüøå íå áóäåò åäèíñòâåííûì ðåáåíêîì!)

80 You can tell by his surname that Mr Hoffmann is of German (A) origin. (Ïî åãî ôàìèëèè âû ìîæåòå ñêàçàòü, ÷òî ãîñïîäèí Ãîôìàí íåìåöêîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ)

Ïèñüìî

Ïðîêîììåíòèðóéòå ñëåäóþùåå çàÿâëåíèå.

«Ñòóäåíòû äîëæíû ó÷èòüñÿ ðÿäîì ñ äîìîì è æèòü ñî ñâîåé ñåìüåé â öåëÿõ ýêîíîìèè ñðåäñòâ».

Êàêîâî Âàøå ìíåíèå? Âû áû âûáðàëè æèòü äîìà âî âðåìÿ ó÷åáû? Íàïèøèòå 200-250 ñëîâ.

Ðåøåíèå #

Today, with rising living expenses and the high cost of education, more and more students are choosing to study close to home and live with their families in order to save money. This is a practical choice, but are these students missing out on valuable life lessons by not leaving the safety of home?

In my view, living away from home is an important part of the university experience, perhaps just as important as actual studies. For instance, students who must adapt to an unfamiliar environment acquire useful social and domestic skills. In addition, the challenge of living alone can help young people to develop a more independent and responsible character by teaching them to rely on themselves.

On the other hand, it could be argued that students can gain these skills and qualities without leaving home. Furthermore, many families simply cannot afford the costs involved in supporting a child who studies away from home, and many students are unable to take on these expenses themselves.

All things considered, students who have the option of studying in another city or country, but who choose to remain with their families during their student years, are probably missing out on valuable character-forming experiences. Of course, not everyone has the resources to leave home at an early age. But if the opportunity presents itself, why pass up the chance to learn lessons from real life?

Ïðèâåäåì âûäåðæêó èç çàäàíèÿ èç ó÷åáíèêà Þëèÿ Âàóëèíà, Äæóííè Äóëè 11 êëàññ, Ïðîñâåùåíèå:

Choose the correct item.

1 How did you (B) get Stephen to help you with the housework?

2 This time next week we (C) will be surfing at Sydney’s Bondi Beach.

3 The local council has decided to go (B) ahead with the construction of a new library.

4 Can you please stop complaining? It’s really (A) getting on my nerves!

5 The painter’s amazing biography made quite an impression (A) on the art students.

6 Becky’s teeth always start to (B) chatter when she stays out in the cold for too long.

A shiver B chatter C mutter

7 The school (A) whose team reaches the finals will enter the state championship.

8 This house is said (C) to have been built in the 1930s.

9 Paul (B) hadn’t taught young children before, so he found it quite demanding.

10 He recommended (B) installing a burglar alarm to protect the house against thieves.

11 My mother came (B) across a beautiful antique vase at the bazaar.

12 Joey always (A) clenches his fists when he’s angry.

13 Frank should see a doctor; that (C) hacking cough of his sounds bad.

14 Lisa was ashamed (A) of her rude behaviour and apologised to Ben.

15 The conman spent five years in prison after he was (C) convicted of fraud.

16 Henry never borrows money from anyone because he can’t stand (A) having debts.

17 Take your umbrella with you because it (B) looks like it’s going to rain.

18 Since no one could attend the staff meeting, it was put (C) off until the following week.

19 Liam is suffering from a back (B) injury and won’t be able to compete in today’s match.

20 Since there’s nothing you can do about the situation, you’ll just have to (C) grin and bear it.

21 Ron felt a sharp pain in his knee, so he decided to (C) have it checked by a doctor.

22 Maria won’t forget (B) winning first place in the dance competition; it was the best moment in her life!

23 Nick (A) has been working on the project for hours; I’m sure he’s exhausted.

24 The teacher asked to see Brad (A) with a view to talking about his poor exam results.

25 Tommy has no respect (A) for elderly people; he talks to them as if they were his peers.

26 The police wanted to question James again because they suspected he had kept (C) back important information.

27 Put these batteries in the recycling bin; they’re not (B) rechargeable so we can’t use them again.

28 She spent hours looking for her purse, but it (C) had disappeared

29 Ian usually has tough deadlines to meet at work, so he (B) is used to working under pressure.

30 Alan wanted to (A) dissuade quit his studies, but his parents managed to him.

31 I’d better see a dentist; I have this toothache that just won’t go (A) away

32 Emma isn’t a very sociable person, she usually (C) keeps to herself.

33 Jane wasn’t really hurt in the accident; she just (B) bruised her arm and her leg.

34 Clever salesmen often trick people (C) into buying things they don’t really need.

A with B against C into

35 If a bully tries to (B) pick a fight with you, the best thing to do is to walk away.

36 The parcel (A) will be delivered to you as soon as possible.

37 You shouldn’t use Eric’s computer without (C) asking him first.

38 The ferry boat (C) leaves for the island an hour later at weekends.

39 I haven’t seen Nathan since he (C) left the company.

40 It didn’t take Malcolm long to recover from the accident; he was back on his (B) feet in a few days.

41 Albert’s classmates often pick (B) on him because he has bright red hair.

42 The increase in greenhouse gases (C) spells bad news for the future of our planet.

43 Take your keys with you (A) in case I’m not home when you return this evening.

44 It was (B) such terrible weather that there were hardly any people out in the streets.

45 It (C) is said by people in the office that Jacob was caught red-handed stealing the money.

46 I can’t wait (C) to tell Matthew the good news!

47 Be careful with that sharp knife! You (B) are going to cut yourself.

48 Bill won’t be attending the conference (A) because he’s out of town.

49 A hidden camera inside the bank enabled the police to (C) identify the criminals.

50 The students are looking forward (C) to taking part in tree-planting day.

51 As a child, Debbie (A) stammered a lot, but now she speaks quite clearly.

52 The fire fighters spent six hours trying to (B) extinguish the fire in the factory.

53 William thinks he is the black (A) sheep of his family because he’s the only one without a university degree.

54 David never stops boasting (C) about his high marks; it’s so annoying!

A for B with C about

55 The mountaineers (C) will have reached the summit by late afternoon.

56 When my brother and I argue, our parents (B) refuse to take sides.

57 There is a great need to (C) set up a recycling centre in our area.

58 We’d better get on the bus now; it’s (B) about to leave

59 Their wedding invitation came as a surprise; we didn’t even know they were (A) engaged !

60 We never expected that Celia would move to the country. Her decision was out of the (A) blue

61 Do you know the names of the people who were involved (C) in this project?

62 Cynthia (B) used to like living in the city centre, but now she’s grown tired of it.

63 Teens often find it difficult to (B) resist peer pressure, as they want to fit in with their friends.

64 Why (C) are you smelling the cheese? Has it gone off?

65 I saw Oliver yesterday, but he (A) was running to catch the bus, so I didn’t have a chance to talk to him.

66 Charlotte had to (A) face many difficulties in her new job, but she managed to handle them successfully.

67 It was (B) such bad book that I never finished reading it.

68 The men who (C) robbed the jewellery shop got away with ?100,000 worth of jewellery.

A stole B broke C robbed

69 Charles tried to move his broken leg, but felt a(n) (B) excruciating pain as soon as he did so.

70 The museum doesn’t let visitors (A) photograph the exhibits.

71 Have you decided whether to buy this car, or are you still in two (C) minds about it?

72 Who is responsible (A) for organising the school’s music festival?

73 I feel a bit (C) dizzy; do you mind if I sit down for a while?

74 You won’t find Adam in his office this week. He (B) is working from home, so you can call him there.

75 I know you haven’t received the email yet, but don’t worry, it (C) will be sent

tonight.

76 (B) Since I hadn’t kept the receipt, I couldn’t return the broken MP3 player.

77 Chloe was jogging in the park, but she stopped (B) to take some rest for a few minutes.

78 Whenever Laura doesn’t know the answer to a question, she just (A) shrugs her shoulders and says nothing.

79 When Sarah’s sister is born, Sarah won’t be a(n) (C) only child any more!

80 You can tell by his surname that Mr Hoffmann is of German (A) origin

Writing

Comment on the following statement.

«University students should study close to home and live with their family in order to save money.»

What is your opinion? Would you choose to live at home while you study? Write 200-250 words.

*Öèòèðèðîâàíèå ÷àñòè çàäàíèÿ ñî ññûëêîé íà ó÷åáíèê ïðîèçâîäèòñÿ èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî â ó÷åáíûõ öåëÿõ äëÿ ëó÷øåãî ïîíèìàíèÿ ðàçáîðà ðåøåíèÿ çàäàíèÿ.

Установите соответствие тем 1 — 8 текстам A — G. Занесите свои ответы в соответствующее поле справа. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

1. Women doing men’s jobs

2. Holidays — the best time to visit

3. Ideal to grow a man

4. A costume for a mythic sea creature

5. The best profession for a lady

6. A festival to a season

7. Words for all times

8. Best clothes for burial

A. Mary is a professional dress-maker specializing in exotic costumes. She devotes many hours to crafting mermaid tails and hand-made tops. Her professional mermaid costume includes a tail and a top. A tail is made of the finest silicone that bends naturally with movement and looks beautifully on film and in print. Out of the depths of the water her costume shines with hundreds ot pearls, crystals, and gemstones.

B. Today’s well-educated person uses about 18,000 words. Shakespeare, whose plays written for a small theatre are now performed in more countries than ever before, used over 34,000 different words, thousands of which he made up. For example: accessible, roadway, schoolboy, and watchdog. Many of his phrases have fallen into everyday use in our language today, including, “A horse, a horse! My kingdom for a horse!’’ by Richard III.

C. The Celtic division of the year was into two parts. The winter half was considered the beginning of the year, and the summer half the second part. There were two further subdivisions. so the year was finally divided into the standard four seasons. At each of these four stages, a Fire Festival was celebrated. It involved religious ceremonies, music, storytelling, and poetry. These great festivals were regarded to be the best time.

D. As symbols of respect and courage, knights turned out to be an intriguing mix of all the things that made males the best, as their education included the most effective sorts of exercises for the brain and the human body. Knight tournaments were a good way for the knights to try out the actual travails of fighting and never having to go through the pain and troubles of having to look after themselves, and of their kingdoms.

E. Were there any women pirates in Renaissance England? They were in the minority, but they were never the less there and very able. Lady Mary was a daughter of a pirate and married to a pirate. When her husband died, she recruited her castle staff and went to sea herself. Her luck ran out when she captured a German captain, who was a friend of Queen Elizabeth. So Lady Mary quit piracy … and started selling stolen goods.

F. Russia is an amazing holiday destination. It should be visited during the festival season, as it reveals the rich cultural tradition and fascinating customs of its people. While the festivals come from the Christian legacy Russia shares with Europe and America, the manner of celebration is unique. Enthusiastic travelers suggest planning a Russian holiday during the festival time and to be sure that the memories will last a lifetime!

G. Normally very fine textiles are found in graves. Obviously, the quality of clothing worn in the Middle Ages would reduce with lower ranks, but even the slaves did not wear cloth as rough as people thought in the past and some still do today. Slaves would probably wear their master’s clothes, which may have been very thin in places and not decorated. They would usually receive the underclothes to be worn as overclothes.

Раздел 1. АУДИРОВАНИЕ

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A—F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1—7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. (курсивом отмечено то, как будет написано в оригинале, здесь же вы сами должны послушать два раза, если послушаете больше, то можете считать ваш результат неправильным. Ответы вводить нужно в формы ввода — места на странице, в которых можно печатать.)

2

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А—G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

A Ricky’s songs are about the lives of famous people.

B The message in Ricky’s songs is difficult to understand.

C Ricky’s popularity is on the increase.

D Money is unimportant to Ricky.

E Ricky has followed the advice of some of his fans.

F Ricky thinks his fans are disappointed when they meet him.

G Ricky is anxious about his new album.

Утверждение

Соответствие диалогу

Вы услышите выступление специалиста по проблемам ядерной энергии. В заданиях 3—9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

3

According to the narrator, nuclear power
1) is a solution to climate change.
2) is protected against climate change.
3) can be susceptible to climate change.
Ответ: .

4

Nuclear power plants are usually located

1) in the mountains.

2) near rivers, seas or oceans.

3) in the deserts.

Ответ: .

5

Nuclear power plants face the greatest danger from

1) hurricanes.

2) rising water temperatures.

3) flooding.

Ответ: .

6

During hurricanes,
1) preventive measures are always taken.
2) all doors in a nuclear plant should be left open.
3) safety equipment must be protected from flying debris.
Ответ: .

7

In the future, floods are going to become

1) quite rare.

2) rather infrequent.

3) more common.

Ответ: .

8

During the 2003 heat wave, the French government relaxed the environmental regulations

1) to keep up the supply of energy.

2) to increase the amount of electricity.

3) to reduce their power output.

Ответ: .

9

New nuclear reactors are likely

1) to be less vulnerable to climate change.

2) to be too expensive.

3) to have higher water requirements.

Ответ: .

Раздел 2. ЧТЕНИЕ

10

Установите соответствие между заголовками 1—8 и текстами A—G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. Necessary Components
2. Important Conclusion
3. Useful Advice
4. Significant Difference

5. Health Risks
6. Moderation Is the Key!
7. Diet and Exercise
8. Benefits of Good Nutrition

A. Developing healthy eating habits is simpler and easier than you might think. You will look and feel better if you make a habit of eating healthfully. You will have more energy and your immune system will be stronger. When you eat a diet rich in fruits and vegetables you are lowering your risk of heart disease, cancers and many other serious health ailments. Healthy eating habits are your ticket to a healthier body and mind.

B. A four-week clinical trial that tested the new regimen found that overweight adults who consumed a high-protein, entirely vegan diet were able to lose about the same amount of weight as a comparison group of dieters on a high-carbohydrate, low-fat vegetarian dairy diet. But while those on the high-carbohydrate dairy diet experienced drops of 12 percent in their cholesterol, those on the high-protein vegan diet saw cholesterol reductions of 20 percent.

C. ‘The idea preyed on me for a long time. If the Atkins Diet looks good, and it’s got so much saturated fat and cholesterol in it, suppose we took that out and put vegetarian protein sources in, which may lower cholesterol,’ Dr. Jenkins said. ‘We know that nuts lower cholesterol and prevent heart disease, and soy is eaten in the Far East, where they don’t get much heart disease. So we put these foods together as protein and fat sources.’

D. The first official warning about the dangers of the Atkins diet was issued by the government amid concern about the rising number of people opting for the high-fat, high-protein diet. Cutting out starchy foods can be bad for your health because you could be missing out on a range of nutrients. Low-carbohydrate diets tend to be high in fat, and this could increase your chances of developing coronary heart disease.

E. Earlier this year, a large study that compared different kinds of diets — including low-fat and low-carbohydrate plans — found that the method didn’t matter as long as people cut calories. That study also found that after two years, most people had regained at least some of the weight they had lost. Dr. Tuttle said that while different weight loss plans offer people different ‘tricks’ and strategies, ultimately, ‘It really comes down to calories in and calories out.’

F. When you think about nutrition, be aware of serving sizes. Many people will eat everything on their plate, regardless of how hungry they actually are. If you know you tend to clean your plate, make an effort to reduce your serving size. If you’re eating out or dining at a friend’s house, don’t be shy about asking for smaller portion sizes. Too much of any one food is a bad thing. There are no bad foods, just bad eating habits.

G. Your body has to stay well hydrated to perform at its best and to properly process all the nutrients in the food you eat. Drink at least 8 glasses of water a day. You may need even more water if you are in a hot environment or if you are exercising. If you are trying to lose weight, add plenty of ice to each glass of water. Your body will burn energy to warm the water up to body temperature.

11

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A—F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу. (в поля ввода под текстом)

Stonehenge is probably the most important prehistoric monument in Britain. The Stonehenge that we see today is the final stage A ____________. But first let us look back 5,000 years.

The first Stonehenge was a large earthwork or Henge, comprising a ditch, bank, and the Aubrey holes, all probably built around 3100 BC. The Aubrey holes are round pits in the chalk, about one metre wide and deep, B ____________. Excavations have revealed cremated human bones in some of the chalk filling, but the holes themselves were probably made not for the purpose of graves but as part of the religious ceremony. Shortly after this stage Stonehenge was abandoned, left untouched for over 1000 years.

The second and most dramatic stage of Stonehenge started around 2150 BC. Some 82 bluestones from south-west Wales were transported to the site. It is thought that these stones, some weighing 4 tonnes each, were dragged on rollers and sledges to the headwaters and then loaded onto rafts. This astonishing journey covered nearly 240 miles. Once at the site, these stones were set up in the centre C ____________.

The third stage of Stonehenge, about 2000 BC, saw the arrival of the Sarsen stones. The largest of the Sarsen stones weigh 50 tonnes and transportation by water would have been impossible D ____________. These stones were arranged in an outer circle with a continuous run of lintels. Inside the circle, five trilithons were placed in a horseshoe arrangement, E ____________.

The final stage took place soon after 1500 BC F ____________. The original number of stones in the bluestone circle was probably around sixty. They have long since been removed or broken up. Some remain only as stumps below ground level.

  1. when the bluestones were rearranged in the horseshoe and circle that we see today
  2. to form an incomplete double circle
  3. which form a circle about 284 feet in diameter
  4. which were almost certainly brought from the Marlborough Downs
  5. so the stones could only have been moved using sledges and ropes
  6. whose remains we can still see today
  7. that was completed about 3,500 years ago

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

My room faces the sun in the morning and on clear summer mornings it wakes me bright and fresh, no matter what time I stayed up till. I get up and make breakfast, watch TV, have a shower. If it’s before six in the morning, I usually have a cup of tea and go back to bed where I’ll doze until seven. If I stay at my sister’s, I sleep until the kids wake me or until she comes rolling in, poured from the back of some taxi, whichever is earlier. I’m an early riser, and a dead sleeper.

This morning I wake up with a twitch, like the alarm clock in my head has given me a little electric jolt. It isn’t sunny outside. I pull back the curtains and the sky is dark grey, the same colour as the sea and it looks like the sun won’t appear before tomorrow. Today is Dad’s birthday. Every year on my Dad’s birthday I draw a picture of him and each year he looks a bit different. I’m an artist. There, I said it. It’s not that I draw a straighter line or a truer circle, as they try to teach us to do at school. I just get the message across more clearly than other people. More truthfully. I know it.

I read a lot of books too, mainly about artists, and I go through phases when I like a certain artist or a movement. And I try to paint like them. When my dad comes back, I’ll be able to say ‘this is you when I was twelve and I was in love with Monet’ or ‘this is you on your thirty-eighth birthday, when I was fourteen and I wanted to paint like Dante Gabriel Rossetti.’ And he’ll look at each painting and know that I loved him and never forgot him.

At the moment I’m into lines, simple lines. It’s a development of a six month obsession I had with calligraphy, which came out of a phase I had with cartoons, which came from Liechtenstein and Warhol, and so on all the way back. So I get out my charcoals, and a couple of sticks of chalk and I pin a heavy sheet of grey A3 paper onto a board and rest it on my knee as I sit on the bed.

On Saturday mornings when my Mum worked, he’d take me to town and I’d drag him around the art shops. On my eighth birthday he bought me an easel, a real one, not a kiddie’s. On my ninth birthday he bought me oils. On my sixth birthday he bought me a box of 99 crayons. ‘Draw me,’ he’d say. ‘Oh, Dad, I can’t.’ Some mornings I’d wake up and there’d be a book on my pillow about Picasso, or Chagall.

I should go to school, I really should. I’m not one of those kids who are scared to go. I don’t get bullied and I’m not thick. I just can’t find a good reason to waste my day in a classroom studying physics or citizenship or Buddhism. I could learn them in the library. Phil, the head of year eleven, will bollock me for it tomorrow, if I go in. I’ll tell Phil the truth, it was my Dad’s birthday and I spent it with him.

So I spend some time thinking about his hair, which I think is probably no more grey than it was last year. I know hair doesn’t age at the same speed every year, but I make his hair longer this year. And in my mind’s eye I give him an extra few pounds too. But I keep the smile fixed in my head, maybe a little muted, like it is when he’s happy but distracted, or trying to understand me when I’m babbling to him.

It’s head and shoulders, so I’ll put him in a T-shirt that shows his neck and throat and how strong he is and how his eyes sparkle and how his eyebrows are dead level straight and still black. I try to think of how much I want to show and how much I want to tell. Then I pick up a charcoal stick and do it. I pick up a chalk to add a suggestion of colour to his eyes, then another chalk for his mouth. And there he is. Dad.

(Adapted from ‘It’s Just the Sun Rising’ by James Ross)

12

That morning the narrator was woken up by

1) the kids.
2) his sister.

3) nobody.
4) an alarm clock.

Ответ: .

13

The narrator considers himself to be an artist because
1) he can draw a straighter line and a truer circle.
2) he gets lots of messages from other people.
3) he can speak to people more truthfully.
4) he is able to convey his ideas better than other people.
Ответ: .

14

The narrator’s manner of painting
1) is similar to Monet’s.
2) is like Dante Gabriel Rossetti’s.
3) comes from Liechtenstein and Warhol.
4) is constantly changing.
Ответ: .

15

The narrator was encouraged to paint by

1) his mother.
2) his father.

3) his brother.
4) his friend Phil.

Ответ: .

16

The narrator doesn’t want to go to school because

1) he prefers to study on his own.
2) he doesn’t like some subjects.

3) he is bullied at school.
4) he is scared to go there.

Ответ: .

17

In paragraph 6 ‘I’m not thick’ means that the narrator is

1) healthy.
2) clever.

3) strong.
4) hard-working.

Ответ: .

18

Compared to the previous year, the narrator’s father

1) has much greyer hair.
2) has a happier smile.

3) is a bit fatter.
4) is much stronger.

Ответ: .

Раздел 3. ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19—25.

Обратите внимание, что по правилам ЕГЭ ответы нужно писать без пробелов и других знаков, например, правильный ответ ‘have done’ нужно будет записать как ‘havedone’, иначе ваш ответ не засчитается.

What Can Computers Do?

19

Computers and microchips part of our everyday lives.

BECOME

20

We read magazines which on computers, we buy things with the help of computers, we pay bills prepared by computers.

PRODUCE

21

Just а phone call involves the use of а sophisticated computer system.

MAKE

22

In the past, life without computers was much than it is today.

DIFFICULT

23

The first computers were able to multiply long numbers, but they do anything else.

NOT CAN

24

Nobody stories about robots and space travel, but now computers are able to do almost all difficult jobs.

BELIEVE

25

What makes your computer such а miraculous device? It is а personal
communicator that you to interact with other computers and with people around the world. And you can even use your PC to relax with computer games.

ENABLE

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26—31, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26—31.

A Challenge for Europe

26

Recently there has been a small in the number of people out of work in Europe.

REDUCE

27

However, is still the number one social problem facing the 15 member states of the European Union.

EMPLOY

28

Moreover, of opportunity between men and women is still an issue that politicians in many countries have not come to grips with.

EQUAL

29

In professions such as law and engineering women are still by their absence.

NOTICE

30

still discriminate against women in a number of ways even if their qualifications are the same as those of men.

EMPLOY

31

It would be a pity if the of the EU on an economic level were marred by failure in the vital area of social policy.

ACHIEVE

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32—38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32—38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Charity

A lot of people in our world have little or no money at all. Many of them are homeless and can’t enjoy what most of us take for 32____. They need our help and there are a lot of charity organizations to help poor people. Because of charities many homeless people have shelters, hungry children have been fed, a lot of diseases have already been 33____ and many animals are safe.

Around the world there are a lot of children who suffer from different diseases, running 34____ time and hope. The biggest charity project in Russia is ‘Contribution to the Future’ whose goal is to help any child in need. Its programmes help poor, homeless and disabled children.

There are a lot of people in the world who have chosen charity as their main mission in life. One of the most famous missionaries was Mother Teresa. She lived the hard life of the poor alongside them; she knew how it felt sleeping on hard floors and living on dirty streets. And because she was experiencing 35____ what the people she was helping were going through, she so effectively knew how to give. Besides meeting people’s basic physical needs by giving them food and medicine, she met people’s emotional needs as well.

A lot of rich people also feel the necessity to help the poor. For example, Bill Gates is a famous billionaire, but he is also a noted philanthropist who donated the proceeds of his successful books to 36____ educational organizations. He has also given millions to initiatives in global health and learning, hoping to 37____ more and more people to have access to 38____ facilities in these areas. A good example is the opening of ‘The School of the Future’ in Philadelphia, sponsored by his company ‘Microsoft’.

The spirit of philanthropy is not about what or how much you give but rather about the feeling that you are helping others in need.

32

1) common

2) granted

3) usual

4) life

Ответ: .

33

1) recovered

2) healed

3) cared

4) cured

Ответ: .

34

1) with

2) out

3) of

4) out of

Ответ: .

35

1) first-hand

2) first-rate

3) first-time

4) first-ever

Ответ: .

36

1) unprofit

2) unprofitable

3) non-profit

4) non-profitable

Ответ: .

37

1) unable

2) enable

3) let

4) make

Ответ: .

38

1) visible

2) vigorous

3) vivid

4) vital

Ответ: .

Ваш результат: пока 0.

Далее вы можете набрать еще 40 баллов. Автоматически это проверить нельзя, поэтому сделайте реалистичный прогноз о том, сколько бы вы смогли набрать баллов, и получите ваш итоговый результат ЕГЭ.

Если возник вопрос по ответу, в котором вы ошиблись, можете задать его в комментариях.

Раздел 4. ПИСЬМО

Для ответов на задания 39 и 40 используйте бланк ответов № 2. Черновые пометки можно делать прямо на листе с заданиями, или можно использовать отдельный черновик. При выполнении заданий 39 и 40 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ № 2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются. Запишите сначала номер задания (39, 40), а затем ответ на него. Если одной стороны бланка недостаточно, Вы можете использовать другую его сторону.

…and then there’s a rugby match on Saturday. If our team wins, we’ll be the champions of our school. Who knows?

And another thing. I have to do a project on technology for school. Could you tell me a few things about how you use technology in your life? You know, computers, mobiles, TV, that sort of things. And what about your relatives? How do they use technology in their everyday lives?

Anyway, I met Mark the other day and he said that…

Write back to Rob.
In your letter
— answer his questions
— ask 3 questions about rugby
Write 100 — 140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.

За это задание вы можете получить 6 баллов максимум.

Comment on the following statement.

What is your opinion? Are computers going to replace printed books in the future?

Write 200 — 250 words.

— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position

За это задание вы можете получить 14 баллов максимум.

Раздел 5. ГОВОРЕНИЕ

— За 1,5 минуты нужно подготовиться и в следующие 1,5 минуты выразительно прочитать текст вслух — 1 балл.
— Составление 5 вопросов на основе ключевых слов. На подготовку отводится 1,5 минуты, затем каждый вопрос надо сформулировать в течение 20 секунд — 5 баллов.
— 3 фотографии. Нужно выбрать 1 и описать ее по предложенному тут же в задании плану за 3,5 минуты — 7 баллов.
— 2 картинки. Нужно сравнить их, описать сходства и различия, объяснить, почему выбранная тематика близка выпускнику, за 3,5 минуты — 7 баллов.

За это задание ты можешь получить 6 баллов. На решение дается около 8 минут. Уровень сложности: базовый.
Средний процент выполнения: 89%
Ответом к заданию 1 по английскому языку может быть последовательность цифр, чисел или слов. Порядок записи имеет значение.

Задачи для практики

Задача 1

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. Planning the time is a necessary step.
  2. You should find what’s right for you.
  3. There are different reasons to look for a summer job.
  4. Working on volunteer projects people form close friendships.
  5. Helping others may be a part of your studies.
  6. Mental benefits are given by volunteering.
  7. New skills and knowledge are learnt by volunteering.
Решение

Speaker A

You may have heard all kinds of negative stuff — again! — about this summer’s job market. It’s true that jobs for teens can be tough to find. But they are out there. So go for it. The more jobs you apply for, the better you’ll get at interviewing. Learning how to come across well in an interview is a skill you’ll use forever. It helps with everything from getting into college to landing a full-time job when the time comes. You might discover a new skill or interest you never knew you had.

Speaker B

Volunteering is an opportunity to change lives, including your own. If you’re feeling frustrated or overwhelmed by the news of a disaster, volunteering to help can be a great way to cope. If you’d like to support a cause but can’t afford to donate money, you can donate your time instead. Helping others in need is such an important part of the modern way of life that many high schools require their students to spend a certain number of hours volunteering in order to graduate.

Speaker C

Once you’ve found something that inspires you, decide how much time you want to spend. Local organizations (like hospitals or shelters) often like volunteers to give them a set amount of time every week or two. But what if school, sports, or other commitments prevent you from devoting time every week? Many large organizations (especially those related to the environment or finding cures for diseases) have day-long activities. These include walkathons, bike rides, cleanup days, or building homes for those in need.

Speaker D

Unlike school, with volunteering you get to pick what really interests you and who (or what) is most deserving of your time. Need some ideas to get you started? Become a Big Brother or Big Sister, camp counselor, or volunteer for an after-school sports program. Special Olympics games and events are great ways to get to know special-needs kids. Serve Thanksgiving dinner to the homeless, volunteer at your local food bank, or distribute toys to kids. Your church, temple, mosque, or other place of worship also may be able to use your help.

Speaker E

Donating your time is a great way to feel like you have the power to change things for the better. You can feel proud of the goals that you’ve achieved for an organization. Volunteering is also a great way to get a perspective on your own life. Sometimes it’s easy to get consumed by worries about your grades or the fight you had with your friend or parent. Finally, volunteering can help save you from being bored — it gives you a place to be where you can have a good time and keep busy.

Speaker F

Volunteering is a great way to learn new skills — from working as part of a team to setting and reaching goals. It gives you a chance to discover what kinds of things you’re best at and enjoy the most. A volunteer job that you love can even help shape your ideas about your career goals. And it can help you develop a new understanding of people who are different from you — people with disabilities, people in financial distress, sick kids, or the elderly.

Ответ: 351267

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Задача 2

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. Getting help when you need is useful.
  2. Problems with numbers and equations can be overcome.
  3. It is a great confidence booster.
  4. All the important ideas and key facts should be written down.
  5. Studying in a group helps to check your notes.
  6. A quiet place to focus makes homework take shorter time.
  7. It is better to tackle the hardest assignments first.
Решение

Speaker A

When you settle down to do homework or to study, where do you do it? Parked in front of the TV? In the kitchen, with the sound of dishes being cleared and your brothers and sisters fighting? The kitchen table was OK when you were younger and homework didn’t require as much concentration. But now you’ll do best if you can find a place to get away from noise and distractions, like a bedroom or study. At the same time, you should avoid studying on your bed.

Speaker B

It’s tempting to start with the easy stuff to get it out of the way. But you have the most energy and focus when you begin. Use this mental power on the subjects that are most challenging. Later, when you’re more tired, you can focus on the simpler things. If you get stuck, try to figure out the problem as best you can — but don’t spend too much time on it because this can mess up your homework schedule for the rest of the night.

Speaker C

Even when you pay attention in class, study for tests, and do your homework, some subjects seem too hard. You may hope that things will get easier, but most of the time that doesn’t happen. What does happen for many people is that they work harder and harder as they fall further and further behind. There’s nothing embarrassing about asking for help. No one understands everything. Some teachers will work with students before or after school to explain things more clearly.

Speaker D

Sometimes it can be useful to go over things with people who are studying for the same purposes, for example, for the test. You can make sure that your notes are correct and that you understand the subject. Study groups are also helpful because you can work together to come up with ways to remember concepts and then test one another. For some people who are easily distracted, though, study groups spell disaster because they get off the topic.

Speaker E

When trying to memorize dates, names, or other factual information, I usually keep in mind that it usually takes a number of tries to remember something correctly. That’s one reason why it’s a good idea to start studying well in advance of a test. I always use special memory triggers that the teacher may have suggested or ones that I invent myself.. In the case of math or science problems or equations, I do some practice problems. It is necessary to pay attention to anything the teacher seemed to stress in class.

Speaker F

Note-taking is a skill that helps me do well on all my schoolwork — everything from taking tests to researching a paper. If I have a teacher who writes notes on the board, that’s a bonus. I can copy them down. If not, I usually write down the most important points from class. Does your history teacher mention the date of a key Civil War battle? Does your English teacher give examples of Shakespeare’s use of dramatic irony? Does your math teacher go over a particular formula? So I write down them all!

Ответ: 671524

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Задача 3

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. First banned and then approved.
  2. Building arctic domes needs special skills.
  3. This competitive activity can be both exciting and risky.
  4. You should lie down on the snow to make it.
  5. Sport achievement are built on basic skills.
  6. A great choice of winter activities is offered.
  7. It is necessary to think about safety.
Решение

Speaker A

Whatever sport you choose, don’t rely on a friend for instruction. You wouldn’t let an amateur perform brain surgery on you; why let one teach you to ski or skate? That’s what instructors are for — to help newcomers start out right. Instructors can give you advice about equipment, techniques, safety, and dealing with injuries if they do happen to you. It’s tempting for an eager athlete to advance too quickly through learning the ropes. Resist the temptation. If you want to progress, invest your time in learning the basics thoroughly.

Speaker B

Winter is a great time to experiment with new sports. The trick is to find one that matches your interests and natural abilities. Alpine or downhill skiing isn’t as hard as it used to be — shorter, lightweight, curved skis make any beginner feel like an Olympian. Consider testing the latest high-tech skis or snowboards. Check with your local sports shop or the rental places at ski mountains about demo programs. You could also try sledding. Or, if you prefer ice to snow, think hockey or figure skating.

Speaker C

Play safely by figuring out what special equipment and safety gear you’ll need. Planning an afternoon of snowshoeing or cross-country skiing? Pack water, snacks, fruit, and extra socks. If you’re going out for a long time, keep your water bottle insulated from the cold so it doesn’t freeze. Regardless of how you get down a snow-covered slope, always watch for obstacles such as rocks, tree branches, and other people. Don’t head out onto the slopes or into remote country areas alone.

Speaker D

Snowboarding was invented in the 1960s and started out as snurfing. A fellow named Sherman Poppen, an engineer living in Muskegon, Michigan, strapped two skis together and added some rope for steering. His wife called it a snurfer, or snow surfing.1 Until the early 1980s, snowboarding was banned at resorts. Traditionally, snowboarding was considered to be dangerous and a teenage fad. In 1983, the Mountain Resort in Vermont opened its slopes up to snowboarding. Far from being a fringe sport now, snowboarding was officially accepted into the Olympic Winter Games in 1998.

Speaker E

Chilly, snowy days are calling all of us outdoors. Is there fluffy snow? Check. Are you wearing a snow suit? Check. That’s all the gear kids of any age need to lie down and create a snow angel just like they would do a jumping jack. Make this simple activity extra fun by using materials to decorate your angel, such as food coloring to draw on a face, and old clothes and accessories to dress it up. It is really a fun winter activity for children of all ages.

Speaker F

It is so wonderful to have a ball battling with your friends in a snowball fight. By joining in the fun, teenagers can help little ones while also supervising to make sure it doesn’t turn into bullying. It is necessary to avoid injuries by making sure the snow isn’t too icy. Snow on super-cold days will be too light and airy to form a ball. Lie down on the snow for a few minutes to heat some up and then try to pack that warmer snow into a ball.

Ответ: 567143

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Задача 4

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. People of this nation tend to apologize more frequently.
  2. People need to be perfect to be respected.
  3. It is necessary to find right words to make an apology.
  4. It is always hard to apologize.
  5. Apologizing helps to maintain good connections between people.
  6. Apologizing is the best solution for the given situations.
  7. Apologizing can cause positive changes.
Решение

Speaker A

Maisie spilled soda on her friend’s borrowed dress. Aiden tweeted a photo when Jane tripped over his bag and landed in her lap. Susan dropped her mom’s favorite plate — then responded by yelling at her mom because she was so upset at her mistake. We all mess up. We’re human, and it’s not always easy to get along with everyone all the time. Sometimes we hurt people’s feelings without intending to. Sometimes, we’re deliberately mean and we feel bad afterward. So we apologize.

Speaker B

Apologies are one of the tools we use to build good friendships and relationships. When you say “I’m sorry” (and really mean it), it’s because you probably feel bad that something you did or said hurt another person. Saying you’re sorry is more than just words. You’re also saying that you respect the other person and you care about his or her feelings. Apologizing shows you have empathy. After apologizing, you might feel a little better. The other person probably will, too.

Speaker C

If someone is upset because of something you did, you’ll want to set things right. Here are some times when an apology can make the difference: If you hurt someone, even if you didn’t mean it. If you lose or break something that belonged to someone else. If you did something you knew was wrong — like telling a lie or breaking a rule on purpose. If you didn’t do something you were supposed to do — like keeping a promise. Everyone needs to apologize when they do something wrong.

Speaker D

The British are famous for how frequently they say ‘sorry’ — even when they’re not at fault. It is probably the most over-used word in the United Kingdom. A recent survey of more than 1,000 British people found that that the average person says ‘sorry’ around eight times per day — and that one in eight people apologize up to 20 times a day. British society values that its members show respect without imposing on someone else’s personal space, and without drawing attention to oneself.

Speaker E

Apologizing is the most effective way to restore trust and balance in a relationship. Why do some people still refuse to apologize? First, apologies take courage. When you admit that you were wrong, it puts you in a vulnerable position, which can open you up to attack or blame. Some people struggle to show this courage. Or, people may be following the advice “never apologize, never explain”. It’s up to them if they want to be arrogant, but, if they do, they should not expect to be seen as wise people.

Speaker F

We all make mistakes. We can’t avoid it, and sometimes these mistakes hurt the others. Then comes the time to apologize. A correct apology can repair the damage and strengthen the emotional bond between two people. When we apologize we say to the other that we feel deeply what we have done and want to repair the damage and make him feel better. The best way to apologize is to do it with few words, without offering explanations that might call into question the sincerity.

Ответ: 657143

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Задача 5

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. Flexibility training influences better performance.
  2. This kind of exercise fills your body with oxygen.
  3. Exercise benefits every part of the body, including the mind.
  4. It is necessary to find the sport that’s right for you.
  5. Coaches do a lot for the sportsmen.
  6. Off the playing field, coaches are good advisers.
  7. Not only strength training develops muscles.
Решение

Speaker A

Exercising causes the body to make chemicals that can help a person to feel good. Exercise can help people sleep better. It can also help some people who have mild depression and low self-esteem. Plus, exercise can give people a real sense of accomplishment and pride at having achieved a certain goal — like beating an old time in the 100-meter dash. In fact, exercise can help keep your body at a healthy weight. Exercising regularly decreases a person’s risk of developing certain diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and high blood pressure.

Speaker B

Like other muscles, the heart enjoys a good workout. Aerobic exercise is any type of exercise that gets the heart pumping and gets you breathing harder. When you give your heart and lungs this kind of workout regularly, they get stronger and are better at getting oxygen to all parts of your body. If you play team sports, you’re probably getting at least 60 minutes or more of moderate to vigorous activity on practice days. Some team sports that give you a great aerobic workout are basketball, hockey, and rowing.

Speaker C

The heart isn’t the only muscle to benefit from regular exercise. The other muscles in your body enjoy exercise too. When you use your muscles, they become stronger. Strong muscles are also a plus because they support your joints and help prevent injuries. Muscle also use more energy than fat does, so building your muscles will help you burn more calories and maintain a healthy weight. You don’t have to lift weights to make your muscles and bones stronger. Different types of exercise strengthen different muscle groups.

Speaker D

Exercise can help the body stay flexible, meaning that your muscles and joints stretch and bend easily. Being flexible may also help improve a person’s sports performance. Some activities, like dance or martial arts, require great flexibility. But increased flexibility also can help people perform better at other sports. Sports and activities that encourage flexibility are easy to find. Martial arts like karate, ballet, gymnastics, and yoga are good choices. Stretching after your workout will also help you improve your flexibility.

Speaker E

One of the biggest reasons people drop an exercise program is lack of interest. If what you’re doing isn’t fun, it’s hard to keep it up. The good news is there are different sports and activities to try to see which one inspires you. When picking the right type of exercise, it can help to consider your workout personality. School sports, intramural leagues, club teams, and pick-up games are great ways to stay active with others. You’ll also want to think about how much time you can set aside for your sport.

Speaker F

Obviously, you can draw on your coach’s expertise to improve how you play, how you psych yourself up before a game, or how you deal with a big loss or setback. Not only have coaches dealt with lots of players and seen which techniques work and which don’t, but many of them have played the sport themselves and can share their personal experiences. Your coach also can help you play your best and push your limits without injury. Besides, many coaches have completed courses in athletic health care.

Ответ: 327146

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Задача 6

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. Wearing a bike helmet is a must.
  2. Choosing right shoes is important.
  3. Clothing for biking should be bright.
  4. Bike injuries are common.
  5. Bike maintenance helps you to enjoy riding.
  6. Showing directions improves safety.
  7. There are some tips to buy a bike.
Решение

Speaker A

You don’t have to wear special clothing to enjoy the sport of biking. But the right clothing can increase your comfort and fun not to mention your cool factor. It can also improve your performance if you really get into spending time with road or off -road biking. It is better to wear brightcolored clothes which help people to see you — even in the daytime. Avoid wearing dark colors like black or brown bike riding, especially if it is getting dark outside. Besides, you should wear lightweight clothes to avoid becoming overheated.

Speaker B

It is necessary to wear shoes that grip the pedals. Cleats, shoes with heels, or fl ip-flops can easily slip off the pedals. And it goes without saying, don’t ride barefoot — ouch! Really serious cyclists can buy biking shoes that are specifically made to hook into certain pedals. But if you’re not into all the gear, good sneakers work just fine. Tuck away laces that could catch while you are riding.

Speaker C

If you value your life you cannot ride a bike without a helmet. That’s why in many countries, wearing a helmet is the law. Many bike accidents involve an injury to the head, and a crash could mean permanent brain damage or death for a person who doesn’t wear one while riding. Today’s helmets are very lightweight and comfortable. Look for a helmet that is well ventilated and fits snugly on your head without moving around. Even the best, most expensive helmet won’t protect you if it doesn’t fit.

Speaker D

Riding on the road? Never change direction or change lanes without first looking behind you and using the correct hand signals. That way everyone knows where you’re going. Use your left arm for all hand signals. To indicate you’re making a left turn, hold your arm straight out to the left; to indicate a right turn, bend your elbow, holding your arm up in an “L” shape; and before you stop, bend your elbow, pointing your arm downward in an upside down “L” shape.

Speaker E

If you can, keep your bike indoors, especially on rainy days. This will help to keep your chain rust free. You’ll also want to check your tire air pressure (the correct pressure is on the sidewall of the tire), the brakes, and the chain (for grease and tightness) on a regular basis. Biking is a fun way to get exercise and a great way to get around. Observing these simple precautions will keep your ride smooth and your trails happy.

Speaker F

Take this dream for a spin: The sun is shining, there’s not a cloud in the sky, and your crush just called to ask if you want to go on a bike ride. You dust off your brother’s old bike and picture yourself on a hillside adrenaline rush. OK, hit “pause” for a second and get practical. Want to enjoy the ride without making your crush call 911 because of some heavy bloodshed? So follow safety tips to really enjoy your ride.

Ответ: 321654

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Задача 7

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. Watching a fireworks display can be dangerous.
  2. Learning safety rules is important for sports and games.
  3. Hot feeling makes people sick.
  4. All people suffer from sunburns.
  5. Wearing a bike helmet reduces serious injuries.
  6. Drinking water is an important part of staying healthy.
  7. Special rules help to prevent dog bites.
Решение

Speaker A

Bike riding is a lot of fun, but accidents often happen. The safest way to use your bike is for transportation, not play. Every year, about 300,000 kids go to the emergency department because of bike injuries, and at least 10,000 kids have injuries that require a few days in the hospital. A head injury can mean brain injury. That’s why it’s so important to wear your bike helmet. Wearing one doesn’t mean you can be reckless, but a helmet will provide some protection for your face, head, and brain in case you fall down.

Speaker B

Maybe you love them and want to pet every one you see. Or maybe you’re afraid of them and want to move to a dog-free neighborhood. Either way, dogs are a part of life. They come in all shapes, sizes, and personalities — a lot like kids! Like many kinds of pets dogs need to be respected as animals that, under certain conditions, could hurt you. You can respect a dog by giving it space and following certain rules. These rules not only keep the dog happier, they can protect you from getting bitten.

Speaker C

The safest way to enjoy fireworks is at a professional display. Some people light sparklers at home or even set off their own fireworks, but this is dangerous. Some of the people hurt each year aren’t the ones setting off the fireworks, but people who are nearby. It’s best to stay away from areas where nonprofessionals are setting off fireworks. Fireworks can cause serious eye injuries, including blindness, if the eye tissue gets damaged or torn. Other common injuries from fireworks include burns to the hands and face, which can leave scars.

Speaker D

Some rules don’t have anything to do with scoring points or penalties. Some rules are just about protecting other people and being courteous. For instance, in baseball or softball, the batter can’t fling the bat after hitting the ball and heading for first base. He or she must drop it so that it doesn’t hit anyone. Listening to your coach during a game also can help keep you safe. It’s also good to just be courteous, like telling someone his or her shoe is untied. Check your shoes, too!

Speaker E

Some people get a sunburn faster than others because of their coloring. If you have blond or red hair, light-colored skin, and light-colored eyes, you’ll tend to get a sunburn more quickly than someone with dark eyes and skin. Even if you have dark hair, dark eyes, or darker-toned skin, you can still get a sunburn. It will just take a little bit longer. Sunburns look bad and feel worse. They can cause blisters on your skin. They can keep you inside feeling sore. They increase your chance of getting wrinkly when you get older.

Speaker F

If you’re out in the hot sun or you’re exercising on a hot day, it’s easy to get heat exhaustion. A person may just collapse when playing soccer or tennis, for example. It can leave someone feeling really tired after it happens. Heat stroke is a more serious heat-related illness and can cause someone to stop sweating; to have red, hot skin; and to have a high temperature. The person might become uncoordinated, confused, or even lose consciousness. It requires emergency medical attention.

Ответ: 571243

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Задача 8

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. Being responsive is important.
  2. Emoticons help to express what people mean.
  3. Caring about friends is essential.
  4. There are several ways to avoid virtual communication.
  5. On-line communication may cause misunderstanding.
  6. Politeness does not depend on type of communication.
  7. Writing less is better most of the time.
Решение

Speaker A

Facebook, Twitter, blogs, chat and so forth are part of my everyday online sources of interaction. And every day I try to communicate with my friends online but sometimes they hear a different message from the one I’m putting across. It’s easy to make mistakes of communication in the online environment where our connection is down wires rather than faceto- face. It’s important to maintain the kind regards you have towards your real-life friends online by making sure that you’re actually saying what you mean to say, effectively.

Speaker B

Writing updates, posts and statuses can sometimes cause disagreement between the communicants. Unless I have a huge fanbase and I’m trying to sell something I limit my updates to one a day or even less. Someone who updates multiple times a day gives the image of being bored, lonely, depressed or selfish. A well thought out status every once in a while gives the image of a wise, insightful person who has a fulfilling life offline.

Speaker C

Usually everything I say is asking for a response as well as everything my friends say is looking for a response, verbal and non-verbal. When you read someone’s status ask yourself: What is this person asking of me? Of course, it isn’t always clear what the person wants. One way to figure it out is to put yourself in their shoes, figure out what you know of their situation, and decide what you’d like in the same situation. Another way is to send a private message or show your interest.

Speaker D

If I went on a fabulous vacation, my first instinct may be to share every glorious detail, which can be interesting to some people. Sometimes if I really want to make my friends less envious and express my positive attitude, I tag them in specific photos and tell them I thought about them when I was there. So, if you did something adventurous, go crazy and show as many photos as you want — just add captions. I think, people love living dangerously through you in the comfort of being behind their computer screen.

Speaker E

If there is a particular person that makes my blood boil whenever I read his or her posts, I have three choices: block them, ignore them or ask myself what they might be needing by writing this post. Although you might want to avoid commenting on their posts, your attitude may change. If you’re not descriptive enough to express your tone with choice of vocabulary alone, you can use emoticons. Don’t overdo it. For some people, too many emoticons is a sign of immaturity. Less is more.

Speaker F

I think life gets busy on both sides. One thing that really helps is not looking at it as e-mailing, Facebooking, Skyping, or calling when you have some free time. Schedule the person in, no matter how you are going to communicate, as if you were going out with that person for dinner, catching up for coffee, or going to their house. You have to treat them as you would if you were getting together in person. That time is their time and you can really give yourself to them.

Ответ: 571346

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Задача 9

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. The cost of camping depends on many things.
  2. Making food over the fire can be prohibited.
  3. Different camping skills are required.
  4. There are different reasons to go camping.
  5. There are a lot of activities you can do in a campground.
  6. People should be conscious of outdoor creatures.
  7. You need a lot of things when you go camping.
Решение

Speaker A

Camping is made up of many spontaneous adventures. Activities available vary from campground to campground. More common activities include swimming in a pool or a lake, playing sports or games, sitting around the campfire, hiking, walks, bike rides, fishing, reading, relaxing, etc. When you go camping you have a ton of freedom, there isn’t much that you can’t do when you go camping. It is like a vacation, you can do whatever you want, when you want to do it. It is a great stress reliever and a great way to bond with your family.

Speaker B

The cost can be various because of the style of camping, its location and the period of time you are planning to spend. Campsites can be very cheap or extremely costly depending on their location, popularity and facilities available. The other major expense will be food and drink — cooking your own food every night will be considerably cheaper than dining out. Camp sites range in price from free to usually something less than $30 per night.

Speaker C

Camping can require varied gear depending on where you are camping and for how long. Things that you need in a camping trip: A sleeping bag, tent, bug spray, towels, money (maybe), coat, a book, pillow, sunscreen, flashlight, antiperspirant, batteries, sunglasses and so on. As for suitable clothes, it is better to wear long socks or tall hiking boots, hiking shoes or boots when walking through brush or grassy areas. A long sleeve shirt and a hat will be also suitable.

Speaker D

Making dinner while camping is absolutely nothing like cooking dinner in your home kitchen. At home, you may have the pleasures of a full oven, a blender and a stand up mixer. While camping sometimes all you have is a campfire. Sometimes you can’t have any flames at all! Find out before you go, the fire laws in the area you will be camping. I’ve camped in areas where there is a major drought happening, only to be told last minute we can’t have campfires or open flames of any kind.

Speaker E

Camping is a great way to take a break from your regular life, and go see the outdoors. When you go camping you will have the chance to see all types of wildlife, and do fun activities, like fishing or stargazing. It is also a good way to learn more and be aware about the environment. Besides, people go camping for the relaxation. Summer camp can be a wonderful experience if you are ready for it. You will meet new people, learn new skills and talents, and challenge yourself.

Speaker F

Camping is a fun activity but one that needs manual skills. You can’t just go out there and decide to camp. There are many things to do and know before you set out on this adventure. In fact, it is a good idea to go camping the first time with someone who is an experienced camper. Even then, there are a few basic skills that you need to master before planning that camping trip, for example, setting up a tent, finding a campsite, starting a campfire, crossing rivers and so on.

Ответ: 517243

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Задача 10

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. This organ protects a person from infections and germs.
  2. Proper techniques to wash the hands are mentioned.
  3. It protects your skin from damage.
  4. This animal washes its food before eating.
  5. Being dehydrated is dangerous for the body.
  6. More than 200 viruses can cause colds.
  7. These are some kitchen cleaning tips.
Решение

Speaker A

It is important to wash your hands when handling different foods in the same session. Keeping a clean cutting board, utensils, etc. will cut the risk of food poisoning. A sink of hot soapy water is a must in any kitchen. It is also crucial when using raw chicken or other poultry products to wash hands before and after handling the chicken to prevent cross-contamination. Separating chopping boards and utensils should also be used for raw and cooked foods.

Speaker B

Whenever raccoons eat near a water source, apparently raccoons wash food by dunking it in water and rolling it around in their paws. In fact, their scientific name literally means “washing bear.” Yet food-washing isn’t a natural habit among animals, which led researchers at the London Zoo in 1961 to look into whether these raccoons really are as sanitary as they act. The truth is that raccoons in the wild do not really wash their food in any way that we as humans think of washing.

Speaker C

Hand washing is the single most effective way to prevent the spread of infections. You can spread certain “germs” casually by touching another person. You can also catch germs when you touch contaminated objects or surfaces and then you touch your face (mouth, eyes, and nose). “Good” hand washing techniques include using an adequate amount of soap, rubbing the hands together to create friction, and rinsing under running water. Wearing gloves is not a substitute for hand washing.

Speaker D

The skin helps you warm up when you’re cold and can cool you off when you’re hot. It lets you feel things by touch. It protects you. And what does your skin ask for in return for all the wonderful things it does? Just a little care and consideration. Like the heart, stomach, and brain, the skin is an organ. In fact, it’s the largest organ in your body, but it’s still easy to take skin for granted. Unless there’s a problem, you may not think about your skin very much.

Speaker E

There is one product that everyone needs: sunscreen. Even if your skin is naturally dark, you still need to use a sunscreen. Protecting your skin from the sun prevents sunburn, which hurts and is a kind of skin damage. Sunscreen also can help prevent wrinkles when you get older and can decrease the risk of skin cancer, which is caused by exposure to the sun’s harmful rays. If you need more protection from the sun, wear long sleeves and pants. Also, avoid the sun between 10 a. m. and 4 p. m.

Speaker F

When it’s hot outside and you’ve been sweating, you get thirsty. Why? Thirst can be a sign that your body doesn’t have enough water in it to keep it working right. A person gets water by drinking and eating. Our bodies need water to work properly. Usually, you can make up for the water you lose — like when you come in from outside and have a long, cool drink of water. If you don’t replace the water your body has lost, you might start feeling sick.

Ответ: 742135

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Задача 11

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. You can practice this sport if you have problems with your weight and knees.
  2. Indulging in this sport activity can help you get rid of boredom.
  3. You can combine school studies and sports activities successfully.
  4. You can change your character while playing sports.
  5. Practicing this activity helps to become thinner and younger.
  6. Sports give people time to appreciate each other.
  7. You can train all your body doing this water activity.
Решение

Speaker A

There are a number of benefits associated with swimming. Your cardiovascular fitness gets a real boost when in the pool because swimming works the entire body. Major muscle groups also go through an exhaustive workout, depending on how much you swim. Your posture and flexibility improve over time since swimming utilizes the whole body through movements that can only be done in the water. The natural resistance from the water protects areas such as the knees and elbows from any jarring.

Speaker B

Running burns a lot of calories, which is the simplest way to lose weight. The endurance of your heart benefits from a running program. Running can lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of heart attack. In addition to improving your fitness level, running also helps tone your muscles, particularly your leg muscles, and decreases bone and muscle loss, thereby slowing the aging process. Trail running improves your coordination and balance because of the unevenness of trails and various obstacles you must get around.

Speaker C

Just 40 minutes of bike riding can burn up to 500 calories, according to the Adult Bicycling website. Indoor cycling classes at fitness studios are specifically designed to burn a high amount of calories to help people achieve their weight loss goals. Biking helps tone leg and back muscles, while shaving off those love handles. Regular bike riding also cuts down the chance for heart disease. Like swimming, biking is easy on bones, since it is a low-impact sport. This makes biking ideal if you have knee problems.

Speaker D

Working out in a gym can get boring and repetitive and soon the motivation to stay fit can start fading away. But working out does not have to be monotonous always. Football is one of the most common sports all over the world. The game is a mixture of various activities like running, sprinting, jumping, kicking and sometimes even falling thus ensuring that your body gets a strenuous workout, helping you burn up to 500 calories while scoring a few goals.

Speaker E

Playing sports enables you to create friendships you otherwise might not have formed. Sports bring teens together from different schools, backgrounds, and communities. Many times, the friendships you create on the field remain intact even when you are not playing sports. The fans on the sidelines are one of the most important parts of the game. The constant support of your parents helps you to feel good about yourself and strengthens your connection to them. As a teen, it is not always easy to find time to spend time with your parents.

Speaker F

It’s a common misconception that being both a student and an athlete is hard, if not impossible. Participating in sports can actually have a positive impact on school. Sports force you to organize your time so that you can both go to practice and finish your homework. The key is finding a balance. If you can learn to organize your time, then you can succeed in both. Sports teams give you an opportunity to surround yourself with competitive people and role models, and learn from them both.

Ответ: 751263

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Задача 12

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. Organizing special events can help to save birds.
  2. You can enjoy the beauty of nature experiencing the outdoors.
  3. Encouraging people to take the idea for barter things.
  4. This color means helping nature.
  5. This way helps to convert waste materials into useful things.
  6. It is helpful to practice of using something again. new materials and objects.
  7. Reducing consumption is a useful environmental activity.
Решение

Speaker 1

What does it mean to be green? “Green” is more than just a color. It also means taking special steps to protect the environment — the water, the land, and the air we breathe. Why green? Plants are green, and without them the Earth wouldn’t be such a lovely home for us human beings. Every day, people make choices that affect the amount of trash and pollution that gets produced in our world. You can reduce the amount of stuff you use and throw away or recycle cans, bottles and paper.

Speaker 2

When you use less of something, you do a good thing for the Earth. For instance, a shorter shower means you used less water and less fuel since your house uses fuel to run the water heater that warmed up the water. You can also turn off lights you’re not using. Besides you should turn off the water when you’re brushing your teeth. When you can, walk or ride your bike instead of riding in a car. You’ll use less gas — and get some exercise!

Speaker 3

It’s true that trash and pollution are problems, but the Earth remains a huge and glorious place that’s ready for you to explore. You can start locally by visiting the naturally beautiful spots in your city and state. Go for a hike, visit local nature centers and gardens, climb up mountains, and explore lazy creeks. Experience the outdoors in all sorts of weather — from a sunny day at the beach or lake to a wintry adventure when it snows. And if you’re planning a family vacation, suggest a trip to a national treasure.

Speaker 4

Sometimes people call ours a “throwaway society.” That means that we’re a little too willing to throw away old stuff and buy new stuff. Many times, even if you no longer need something, someone else just might. You can choose reusable travel cups instead of disposable paper or plastic cups. You can also take your own bags — preferably reusable ones — when you go to the grocery store. It is better to take paper from your computer printouts and use the other side for more computer printing.

Speaker 5

We all have something to offer and needs to fill. The more we can provide for each other locally, the closer we are to sustainability. Organize a swap among your friends. The swaps are fun, social events and often include potluck food, music and crafting. What can you swap? Books, toys, even clothes. It’s a way for everyone to get something new without spending any money and without throwing a bunch of stuff away. Set aside some items for your swap when you’re cleaning your room!

Speaker 6

Recycling has never been easier. Many communities will pick it up right in front of your house and some towns even require it. You can organize the recyclable items in bins, remember to put them on the curb on recycling day, and help remind others which items can be rinsed and recycled. By separating plastic bottles, cans, bottles, and more, you’re reducing the amount of trash that goes to the landfill. Recycled goods go instead to a recycling center, where they can be turned into new cans, bottles, and paper.

Ответ: 472635

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Задача 13

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. I am happy to spend my life in solitude.
  2. It’s really annoying when something is so inconvenient.
  3. Living among others, a person should take them into consideration.
  4. The only way out is to escape.
  5. It takes all sorts to make a world.
  6. To be happy you need to be surrounded by friends.
  7. I think it’s necessary for people to communicate
Решение

Speaker A

I think neighbours really make our life brighter. I’ve got fantastic neighbours — in fact, they’re a part of the family, not just neighbours. We often go out together, to visit a café or a restaurant or even go hiking. When I have to leave my house for a few days I feel quite safe as I know my place will be watched and my pets will be well taken care of.

Speaker B

Well, I get along well with all my neighbours except one. The woman who lives next door has 15 cats! Can you imagine, 15? These awful creatures are everywhere: in her flat, on the roof, on all the windowsills, near all the doors, everywhere. I hate their smell, their fur, their cries. I tried to talk to the woman many times but … in vain. I’m really thinking of changing my flat now.

Speaker C

To tell the truth, I don’t know what to say… In fact, I don’t have neighbours at all. I live in a large mansion far away from hustle and bustle of the city life. The nearest village is 2 km away. And I really adore it. I don’t feel lonely at all. If I need a company I just drive my car to the nearest town to meet with my friends. Or simply use the Internet for a little chat with the people I like.

Speaker D

You know, my problem is not my neighbours but er… lack of space. There’re, like, not enough places to park. So, people park their cars just anywhere. If I work long hours I have to leave my car very far from my house. As I usually have to carry my laptop, food and other staff, the idea of walking quite a long way depresses me. It would be much better if our street was not as narrow as it is.

Speaker E

As for our neighbours, most of them are OK. However, one of them has a strange hobby: he plays drums! Surely there’s nothing bad with playing drums. But why should one do it at home when there are some 30 people living nearby?! Just yesterday, he came home at midnight and …None of us could sleep any longer. We had to call the police. They came only 2 hours later when the neighbor fell asleep and everything was quite peaceful. We looked silly!

Speaker F

I live in a new block of flats in the suburbs of the city. The house is new so nobody knows each other. It’s really awful if you ask me. Every day I meet different people who never greet each other or have any kind of social talk. Two days ago while cooking I realized that I had run out of salt. It was bitterly cold outside so I decided to ask neighbours for help. I tried 4 flats! In vain. They just didn’t open!

Ответ: 641237

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Задача 14

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. Every day begins with making a to-do list.
  2. Priorities should be set.
  3. There are special ways to avoid being interrupted.
  4. Effective rest is needed.
  5. Setting clear objectives leads to great results.
  6. It is necessary to learn how to say no.
  7. It will be a failure without a realistic plan.
Решение

Speaker A

For me it’s important that I know what my short-term and long-term goals are — this will enable me to differentiate between what’s important and what’s not. It’s only when I know where I want to go and what I want to achieve that I can figure out exactly what needs to be done, and in what order. Once I am clear about my goals, I can plan and prepare a sequence of action steps to achieve them.

Speaker B

I start my day by spending five to ten minutes planning my activities for the day — or, better still, prepare my list for the evening, too. I write out my tasks either on paper or on my computer. I break down large or complex tasks into smaller pieces — I chunk them down into do-able, manageable units that don’t feel too big or daunting, and focus on one at a time. As I complete my tasks, I cross them off — it’s a very satisfying feeling!

Speaker C

There’s a good chance I won’t get everything on my to-do list done, but I make sure I get the most important things done. That means I have to prioritise the tasks on my list and figure out what is actually most important, as well as most urgent (not necessarily the same thing). It’s helpful to number my tasks or assign them ABC status by giving the most important tasks an ‘A’, the next most important ones a ‘B’, and so on.

Speaker D

Using my to-do list and prioritisation as a base, I make a schedule for the day and for the week, including time for breaks and contingencies. The schedule needs to be realistic, with padding for interruptions and unscheduled events. How much contingency time I need to build in will depend on the nature of my work. Having a schedule means I won’t have to waste time and energy thinking about what I have to do next — I just follow my schedule.

Speaker E

For many, emails and phone calls constitute the single biggest obstacle to effective time management. Unless I need to be constantly available and accessible, I avoid continuous email notification and let my phone go to voice mail — these things can suck up untold minutes and hours, and make me repeatedly lose focus. I need to give myself solid chunks of time to concentrate on my work.

Speaker F

I guess breaks will keep my mind fresh and I will be able to return to my work with better focus. If I work straight through, I will put in more hours but work less productively. I prefer to stick to allotted break times. I might want to try the specific technique to see if it increases my productivity. In this time management technique, I work in 25-minute segments with 5-minute breaks between each period.

Ответ: 512734

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Задача 15

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. It is necessary to create saving habits.
  2. Saving money should pursue actual targets.
  3. Modern technology helps to save.
  4. To save or not to save is a personal decision.
  5. The way of saving depends on priorities.
  6. The outgoings are recorded.
  7. Controlling the expenses helps to save money.
Решение

Speaker A

The first step I make to save money is figuring out how much I spend. I keep track of all my expenses — that means every coffee, newspaper and snack I buy. Ideally, I can account for every penny. Once I have my data, I organize the numbers by categories, such as gas, groceries and mortgage, and total each amount. I consider using my credit card or bank statements to help me with this.

Speaker B

Once I have an idea of what I spend in a month, I can begin to organize my recorded expenses into a workable budget. My budget should outline how my outgoings measure up to my income. I want to be sure to factor in the sums to be paid that occur regularly but not every month, such as car maintenance. Creating a budget with a template can help me feel more in control of my finances and let me save money for my goals.

Speaker C

Now that I’ve made a budget, I create a savings category within it. I try to put away 10–15 percent of my income as savings. If my expenses are so high that I can’t save that much, it might be time to cut back. To do so, I identify non-essentials that I can spend less on, such as entertainment and dining out. Considering savings a regular expense, similar to groceries, is a great way to reinforce good savings habits.

Speaker D

One of the best ways for me to save money is to set a goal. I start by thinking of what I might want to save for — anything from a down payment for a house to a vacation — then I figure out how long it might take me to save for it. Here are some examples of short-term goals: emergency fund, vacation, down payment for a car. And these are the examples of long-term goals: retirement, the child’s education, down payment on a home or a remodeling project.

Speaker E

After my expenses and income, my goals are likely to have the biggest impact on how I save money. I try to be sure to remember longterm goals — it’s important that planning for retirement doesn’t take a back seat to shorter-term needs. Setting goals can give me a clear idea of where to start saving. For example, if I know I’m going to need to replace my car in the near future, I could start putting money away for one.

Speaker F

Almost all banks offer automated transfers between your checking and savings accounts. I can choose when, how much and where to transfer money to, or even split my direct deposit between my checking and savings accounts. Automated transfers are a great way to save money since I don’t have to think about it and it generally reduces the temptation to spend the money instead. I check my progress every month.

Ответ: 671253

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Задача 16

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. The details should be documented.
  2. It is better to avoid taking medicines.
  3. You should rest if you are ill.
  4. Using relaxation methods is helpful.
  5. The best strategy is to range tasks.
  6. Communication reduces stress.
  7. Many ways to solve problems can be found.
Решение

Speaker A

For me, a lack of sleep is a significant cause of stress. Unfortunately, stress also interrupts my sleep as thoughts keep whirling through my head, stopping me from relaxing enough to fall asleep. Rather than relying on medication, I maximise my relaxation before going to sleep. I prefer to make sure that my bedroom is a tranquil oasis with no reminders of the things that cause me stress. I always avoid caffeine during the evening.

Speaker B

Each day, I try to relax with a stress reduction technique. There are many tried and tested ways to reduce stress. One very simple technique for me is to focus on a word that has a positive meaning to me. Words such as «calm», «love» and «peace» work well. I didn’t worry when I found it difficult to relax at first. I understood that relaxation is a skill that needs to be learned and will improve with practice.

Speaker C

I think that just talking to someone about how I feel can be helpful. Talking can work by either distracting me from my stressful thoughts or releasing some of the built-up tension by discussing it. My stress can cloud my judgment and prevent me from seeing things clearly. Talking things through with a friend, a work colleague, or even a trained professional with good references, can help me find solutions to my stress and put my problems into perspective.

Speaker D

I’ve understood that keeping a stress diary for a few weeks is an effective stress management tool as it helps me become more aware of the situations which cause me to become stressed. I note down the date, time and place of each stressful episode, and note what I was doing, who I was with, and how I felt both physically and emotionally. I give each stressful episode a stress rating and use the diary to understand how effective I am in stressful situations.

Speaker E

As for me, stress can be triggered by a problem that may on the surface seem impossible to solve. One problem-solving technique, which I use, involves writing down the problem and coming up with as many possible solutions as I can. I decide on the good and bad points of each one and select the best solution. I write down each step that I need to take as part of the solution.

Speaker F

At times, I feel overburdened by my ‘To Do’ list and this is a common cause of stress for me. I need to accept that I cannot do everything at once and start to prioritise my tasks. I’ve decided to make a list of all the things that I need to do and list them in order of genuine priority. I note what tasks I need to do personally and what can be delegated to others.

Ответ: 246175

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Задача 17

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. Notes about Internet activity improve your time management.
  2. Reducing the time on the Internet is helpful.
  3. Reckoning with the correspondence is an everyday habit.
  4. It is necessary to organize the work area.
  5. It is better to avoid multitasking.
  6. Concentrating on the most important.
  7. A plan list is made to achieve the goals.
Решение

Speaker A

If I find myself asking “Where does all the time go?”, there is a great way to find it out. For one week, I write down everything I do while using the Internet. What websites I visit, how much time I spend on each, how often I refresh or update pages, etc. Often our worst Internet time-wasting habits are things we do without thinking. I include the time I spend using the network on my smart phone or other device.

Speaker B

It’s amazing how much space I can free up in my brains just by having a workspace free of visual distractions. If there’s a pile of papers asking to be organized, or dirty dishes scattered around, it’s going to be more difficult for me to focus on the task at hand. I prefer to try to keep my desk free of everything but current projects and whatever items I use every day.

Speaker C

Is there a song I’ve been meaning to listen to? Do I need to read some restaurant reviews to decide where to bring my mom for her birthday? Do I need to look through the prices for a home-improvement project? This is something I should be doing throughout the day, every day, as things get into my head. Keeping an Internet to-do list before I open my browser will give me a clearer sense of purpose, and remind me of my long-term timemanagement goals.

Speaker D

Some people are most active in the morning, others don’t reach their peak until the middle of the night. If I have some flexibility in my daily schedule, I try to plan my Internet time for when I am most likely to be awake, energized, and thinking clearly. I try to minimize my screen time. In other words, simply aiming to spend less time on the Internet in general is a good start.

Speaker E

While it might seem like it’s more productive to do two or three things at once, it can actually slow us down in the long run. As for me, I am not able to give my full attention to any one thing. It might be tempting to switch back and forth between Internet tasks in order to keep things interesting, but I try to stick to my Internet to-do list, finishing each thing before I move on to the next.

Speaker F

I prefer to check my email just three times daily: once in the morning, once around lunch time, and once in the evening. My email, while necessary, can be as bad for time-management as social networking sites if I am constantly refreshing or checking it. I make sure to delete, save, or respond to every new email in each sitting. This will not only save my time in the long run, but will give me a sense of accomplishment as I stay on top of my mail.

Ответ: 147253

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Задача 18

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. Joining a college society is a new opportunity.
  2. Blogging is a startup for creative writer.
  3. Visiting other colleges improves confidence.
  4. A unique style is the best choice.
  5. The friend circle is expanding.
  6. It is possible to discover leadership traits.
  7. The choice is based on my interest.
Решение

Speaker A

As I am following my choice studies don’t seem like a burden to me. I will gradually expand my knowledge and understanding about the subject and this will help me choose a career from the same field. I must not get influenced by others and take up courses everyone else is opting for but follow my passion and listen to my heart because at the end of the day it’s my life and my choices.

Speaker B

I am sure that I don’t meet people by accident, each one of them has a role to play in my life. College is the best place to make new friends. I’ve just been pulled out of my school life and placed into a completely new environment. Having a group of my own will help me enjoy college days to the fullest. I will not only learn new things from each individual but there’s no doubt that I will make bonds for life.

Speaker C

For me college is the right place to unleash the fire within me. One way to make the most out of my college is by joining a society. Colleges have a lot to offer and I must learn to make use of it. Extracurricular Activities will not only boost my CV but they will also help me chase my dreams. I always remember that every other great personality started off from a small stage.

Speaker D

Contesting for college elections will help me discover the leader within myself. It will give me a confidence boost, sense of responsibility and will enhance my leadership skills. This is the best way to bring about the change I have always longed for. Also it is a way of realizing my own potential and being a source of admiration to my fellow students. Whether I win or not, having the guts to stand up for myself and facing the crowd is all that matters.

Speaker E

As I am a creative writer and I wish to be a famous person someday, I need to start from the basics. Writing is a difficult task and perseverance is more important than having writing skills so in order to make writing a habit I try blogging about my own life. Usually I write about daily stories from my college life with a creative touch to it. This will contribute to my growth as a writer and I may even get some fan following.

Speaker F

Now that I am in college I can finally say goodbye to the old school uniform. I don’t have to always catch up with the latest trends, I can set my own style and also inspire others to do the same. I prefer to have a sense of fashion but also wear clothes of my choice and not merely what everyone else is buying. I remember that it’s not about the expensive brands or the latest trends, it depends entirely on my ability to carry out an outfit with grace.

Ответ: 751624

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Полный курс

Задача 19

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей буквой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

1. Snag a smoothie.
2. Steer clear of the smelly stuff.
3. Skip the chips.
4. Don’t let a loud snack alienate the others.
5. Looking through eating tips is important.
6. Indulge your sweet tooth.
7. Don’t be a bunny.

Решение

Speaker A.

Yes, an apple a day keeps the doctor away—but of course, nowadays people have at their disposal various types of snacks. Whip up a smoothie in your dorm room instead. Buy a mini-blender that you can pop a lid on, like this one, throw some fruits and greens inside, add milk, and you’ll be good to go. Bonus points for adding seeds and protein powder—your smoothie will be super tasty and able to support you through your whole day.

Speaker B.

Two-hour lectures are pretty much synonymous with feeling ready-tokeel- over hungry. And the truth is, your brain works better when there’s food in your body, and having something on hand to eat is sometimes the key to soaking up knowledge. Between loud chewing and grease all over your fingers, chips in the class are just no. But we totally get that the convenience factor of a bag can’t be beat, so if you want something savoury to snack on, you’d better try yoghurt with fruit or corn.

Speaker C.

So you love celery and carrots and all the crunchy raw vegetables? Great. But maybe pick something a little quieter for class snacking, like cucumber slices paired with a stick of string cheese. That way, you’ll be getting your healthy fats, fiber, and important nutrients without interrupting anyone’s listening flow.

Speaker D.

Nothing is more offensive than the smell of tuna wafting through the auditorium aisles, so pick a more innocuous protein to put in your sandwich. Low-sodium turkey and a slice of any cheese should do the trick; and on behalf of your classmates, it will be good to go easy on the mustard, if at all possible try hummus instead. Throw on some spinach for good leafy green measure!

Speaker E.

We get it: sometimes you just need something sugary to take the edge off. But instead of hard candy, consume something simple. Not only is it lower in sugar than other sweets, it’s also easier on your teeth. Just remember to floss later, because under absolutely no circumstances should you do that in class. We’ve seen this happen ourselves and it is the grossest. The point is to build bonds with your fellow students, not drive them away. Happy snacking!

Speaker F.

That big green apple in your bag though? Sometimes it makes a lot of noise. With all the crunching, chewing, and saliva-sprinkling you’re doing, your snack is likely annoying everyone around you. So how’s a girl going to get her sustenance on in a lecture hall? It’s useful to check out snacking tips, which’ll give you energy without alienating any potential study buddies.

Ответ: 137265

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Полный курс

Задача 20

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей буквой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

1. Girls stand center stage.
2. Grades are geared up for the professional world.
3. Cool traditions create lifetime bonds.
4. A lot of factors contribute to your overall undergraduate experience.
5. Women have priorities in leadership.
6. Girl power produces powerful players.
7. The environment is empowering.

Решение

Speaker A.

It used to be that men ran the show at universities—thankfully, times have changed. The leadership thing, though? Not so much. Male administrators and faculty still dominate at most colleges, but at single-sex schools women hold more of the top jobs, which translates to more female role models and mentors. Ninety percent of women’s college presidents, and 55% of faculty, are women; and of course, when only girls make up the student body, they have way more access to all of the government, club, and activity positions.

Speaker B.

Guys are great and all, but when it comes to college, do you really need them in your classroom? Living and learning solely among smart, ambitious women is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity and might even come with greater returns. When women occupy every role, comfort levels increase, which can lead to increased self-confidence boost. That makes it easier for girls to take initiative and spread their wings into new territory. Women studying at single-sex schools are 1.5 times more likely to major in math, science, or medicine than those at common colleges.

Speaker C.

Smaller, guy-free classrooms create a climate where women feel free to speak up without being judged or distracted. Without that worry, the focus turns to critical thinking and gaining smarts, instead of looks or snagging a date. Potential, ambition, and who you want to be take precedence over how you might be perceived by a guy.

Speaker D.

High academic standards aren’t the only thing that make women’s schools stand out: long-held customs and ceremonies are a nod to previous generations and foster school spirit as well as lifelong friendship. On Mount Holyoke’s Mountain Day, students take a day off and climb the college’s namesake mountain after the school bell tolls in the fall; Meredith College’s week-long Cornhuskin’ competition pits classes against each other in activities like apple-bobbing, corn-husking, skits, and songs.

Speaker E.

Women’s colleges create a culture of achievement—so it’s no surprise that alumnus are better prepared for their first gig than the average grad. Single-sex schools also get an «A» over public universities for readying students to get ahead or make a career change. Not to mention, women’s school grades are more likely than any other students to earn a graduate degree and more than twice as likely to get a doctorate.

Speaker F.

Women’s colleges encourage us to be competitive and ambitious, to take risks and become leaders. For proof, look no further than some of the ladies who’ve earned degrees from all girls institutions: Secretaries of State Hillary Clinton and Madeleine Albright, journalist and women’s rights activist Gloria Steinem, Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright Suzan-Lori Parks to mention but a few. There’s a lot to be said for getting schooled in a place that’s definitely not a man’s world, so when you’re searching for the right school fit, don’t skip over women-only institutions! Good morning, Mr. Black.

Ответ: 571326

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Полный курс

Task 1 Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

Fire Crews Hunt Escaped Hamster

Eight firefighters have been called in to help find an escaped hamster. Two crews used a chocolate-covered camera and a vacuum cleaner A ____ , called Fudgie, at the home of a six-year-old girl in Dunbar, Scotland.

The girl’s mother said: ‘We came down for breakfast and discovered Fudgie had opened the top lid of her cage and had made her way into the kitchen and we think she has gone В ____ .’

The fire crews spent five hours trying to recover the pet after it ran down a hole in the kitchen floor. But, the hamster still refused С ____ .

In the search for Fudgie, the firefighters took the family cooker and gas pipes apart. They also dropped a mini-camera coated with chocolate under the floorboards. They then hoped to take out the hamster using a vacuum cleaner. Despite all their efforts, they failed to find Fudgie.

In the end, the firefighters put another camera down the hole D ____ , connected to the screen of the family home computer, to see if Fudgie appeared. Besides, the girl and her parents regularly dropped food E ____ .

At last, after eight days the hamster returned to her cage safe and sound. She crawled from the hole in the kitchen floor early in the morning. It was the girl’s father who first found Fudgie F ____ .

The girl said that day it was like Christmas morning for her. Her parents added that they too felt extremely happy when Fudgie had finally returned.

  1. through a small hole in the floor

  2. through the hole for the hamster

  3. and locked the runaway hamster

  4. to come out of the hole

  5. to look after the pet

  6. to try and locate the missing hamster

  7. and left it under the floorboards

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

6

1

4

7

2

3

Task 2

Speed of eating is ‘key to obesity’

If you eat very quickly, it may be enough to increase your risk of being overweight, research suggests.

Osaka University scientists looked at the eating habits of 3,000 people. Just about half of them told researchers that they A ______ . Compared with those who did not eat quickly, fast-eating men were 84% more likely to be overweight, and women were 100% more likely to В ______ .

Japanese scientists said that there were a number of reasons why eating fast С ______ . They said it could prevent the work of a signalling system which tells your brain to stop eating because your stomach is full. They said: ‘If you eat quickly you basically fill your stomach before the system has a chance to react, so you D _____ .

The researchers also explained that a mechanism that helps make us fat today, developed with evolution and helped people get more food in the periods when they were short of it. The scientists added that the habit of eating fast could be received from one’s parents genes or E ______ .

They said that, if possible, children should be taught to F ______ , and allowed to stop when they felt full up at mealtimes. ‘The advice of our grandmothers about chewing everything 20 times might be true — if you take a bit more time eating, it could have a positive influence on your weight.

  1. just overfill your stomach

  2. could be bad for your weight

  3. have a habit of eating quickly

  4. linked to obesity

  5. eat as slowly as possible

  6. put on weight

  7. learned at a very early age

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

3

6

2

1

7

5

Task 3

Hi-Tech Brings Families Together 

Technology is helping families stay in touch like never before, says a report carried out in the US.

Instead of driving people apart, mobile phones and the Internet are A ____ . The research looked at the differences in technology use between families with children and single adults. It found that traditional families have more hi-tech gadgets in their home В ____ . Several mobile phones were found in 89% of families and 66% had a high-speed Internet connection. The research also found that 58% of families have more С ____ .

Many people use their mobile phone to keep in touch and communicate with parents and children. Seventy percent of couples, D ____ , use it every day to chat or say hello. In addition, it was found that 42% of parents contact their children via their mobile every day.

The growing use of mobile phones, computers and the Internet means that families no longer gather round the TV to spend time together. 25% of those who took part in the report said they now spend less time E ____ . Only 58% of 18—29 year olds said they watched TV every day. Instead the research found that 52% of Internet users who live with their families go online F ____ several times a week and 51% of parents browse the web with their children.

Some analysts have worried that new technologies hurt families, but we see that technology allows for new kinds of connectedness built around cell phones and the Internet/ said the report.

  1. than any other group

  2. watching television

  3. in the company of someone else

  4. than two computers in the home

  5. communicated with their families

  6. helping them communicate

  7. owning a mobile

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

6

1

4

7

2

3

Task 4

The Power of ‘Hello’ 

I work at a company where there are hundreds of employees. I know most of them and almost all of them know me. It is all based on one simple principle: I believe every single person deserves to be acknowledged, A ______ .

When I was about 10 years old, I was walking down the street with my mother. She stopped to speak to Mr. Lee. I knew I could see Mr. Lee any time around the neighborhood, В ______ .

After we passed Mr. Lee, my mother said something that has stuck with me from that day until now. She said, ‘You let that be the last time you ever walk by somebody and not open up your mouth to speak, because even a dog can wag its tail С______ . That phrase sounds simple, but it has been a guidepost for me and the foundation of who I am. I started to see that when I spoke to someone, they spoke back. And that felt good. It is not just something I believe in — D ______ . I believe that every person deserves to feel someone acknowledges their presence, no matter how unimportant they may be.

At work, I always used to say ‘hello’ to the founder of the company and ask him how our business was doing. But I was also speaking to the people in the cafe, and asked how their children were doing. I remembered after a few years of passing by the founder, I had the courage to ask him for a meeting. We had a great talk.

At a certain point, I asked him E ______ . He said, ‘If you want to, you can get all the way to this seat.’ I have become vice president, but that has not changed the way I approach people. I speak to everyone I see, no matter where I am. I have learned that speaking to people creates a pathway into their world, F ______ .

  1. it has become a way of life.

  2. when it passes you on the street.

  3. when you see him and talk to him.

  4. and it lets them come into mine, too.

  5. so I did not pay any attention to him.

  6. however small or simple the greeting is.

  7. how far he thought I could go in his company.

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

6

5

2

1

7

4

Task 5

Friendship and Love

 A strong friendship takes a significant amount of time to develop. It will not just magically mature overnight. A friendship involves committing oneself to help another person A ______ . I believe that, nothing can replace a true friend, not material objects, or money, and definitely not a boy.

I met this guy a couple summers ago who I ended up spending almost all of my free time with. His parents did not approve of our dating because of our age difference, В ______ . He had told me the day we met that he had joined the air force and would leave for overseas that coming October. After three months had past, the time came when he had to leave. This left me feeling completely alone.

I turned to my friends for support, but to my surprise, С ______ . I had spent so much time with this guy and so little time with them, that they did not feel sorry for me when he left. For so long they had become the only constant in my life, and I had taken them for granted over something D ______ .

When my boyfriend came back, our relationship changed. I tried to fix all the aspects in my life that had gone so wrong in the previous six months.

This experience taught me that true friendships will only survive if one puts forth effort to make them last. Keeping friends close will guarantee that E ______ . When a relationship falls apart, a friend will always do everything in their power to make everything less painful. As for me, I try to keep my friends as close as I can. I know they will always support me in whatever I do, and to them, I F ______ .

  1. but we did anyway.

  2. whenever a need arises.

  3. they did not really care.

  4. whenever they need your help.

  5. could not guarantee would even last.

  6. am eternally grateful for a second chance.

  7. someone will always have a shoulder to cry on.

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

2

1

3

5

7

6

Task 6

Mobile phones

 On New Year’s Day, 1985, Michael Harrison phoned his father, Sir Ernest, to wish him a happy new year. Sir Ernest was chairman of Racal Electronics, the owner of Vodafone, A ______ .

At the time, mobile phones weighed almost a kilogram, cost several thousand pounds and provided only 20 minutes talktime. The networks themselves were small; Vodafone had just a dozen masts covering London. Nobody had any idea of the huge potential of wireless communication and the dramatic impact В ______ .

Hardly anyone believed there would come a day when mobile phones were so popular С ______ .But in 1999 one mobile phone was sold in the UK every four seconds, and by 2004 there were more mobile phones in the UK than people. The boom was a result of increased competition which pushed prices lower and created innovations in the way that mobiles were sold.

When the government introduced more competition, companies started cutting prices to attract more customers. Cellnet, for example, changed its prices, D ______ . It also introduced local call tariffs.

The way that handsets themselves were marketed was also changing and it was Finland’s Nokia who made E ______ . In the late 1990s Nokia realized that the mobile phone was a fashion item: so it offered interchangeable covers which allowed you to customize and personalize your handset.

The mobile phone industry has spent the later part of the past decade reducing its monthly charge F ______ , which has culminated in the fight between the iPhone and a succession of touch screen rivals.

  1. trying to persuade people to do more with their phones than just call and text

  2. that there would be more phones in the UK than there are people

  3. and relying instead on actual call charges

  4. that mobile phones would have over the next quarter century

  5. the leap from phones as technology to phones as fashion items

  6. and his son was making the first-ever mobile phone call in the UK

  7. the move to digital technology, connecting machines to wireless networks

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

6

4

2

1

5

3

Task 7

London Zoo

 London Zoo is one of the most important zoos in the world. There are over 12,000 animals at London Zoo and A ______ ! Its main concern is to breed threatened animals in captivity. This means we might be able to restock the wild, should disaster ever befall the wild population.

Partula Snail, Red Crowned Crane, Arabian Oryx, Golden Lion Tamarin, Persian Leopard, Asiatic Lion and Sumatran Tiger are just some of the species London Zoo is helping to save.

That is why it is so important that we fight to preserve the habitats that these animals live in, as well as eliminate other dangers В ______ . But we aim to make your day at London Zoo a fun and memorable time, С ______ .

In the Ambika Paul Children’s Zoo, for instance, youngsters can learn a new love and appreciation for animals D ______ . They can also learn how to care for favourite pets in the Pet Care Centre.

Then there are numerous special Highlight events E ______ unforgettable pony rides to feeding times and spectacular animal displays. You will get to meet keepers and ask them what you are interested in about the animals they care for, F ______ .

Whatever you decide, you will have a great day. We have left no stone unturned to make sure you do!

  1. such as hunting exotic animals and selling furs

  2. as well as the ins and outs of being a keeper at London Zoo

  3. which take place every day, from

  4. because they see and touch them close up

  5. despite the serious side to our work

  6. which demand much time and effort

  7. that is not counting every ant in the colony

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

7

1

5

4

3

2

Task 8

‘Second Stonehenge’ discovered near original

 Archaeologists have discovered evidence of what they believe was a second Stonehenge located a little more than a mile away from the world-famous prehistoric monument.

The new find on the west bank of the river Avon has been called «Bluestonehenge», after the colour of the 25 Welsh stones of A______.

Excavations at the site have suggested there was once a stone circle 10 metres in diameter and surrounded by a henge — a ditch with an external bank, according to the project director, Professor Mike Parker Pearson, of the University of Sheffield.

The stones at the site were removed thousands of years ago but the sizes of the holes in B ______ indicate that this was a circle of bluestones, brought from the Preseli mountains of Wales, 150 miles away.

The standing stones marked the end of the avenue C _____, a 1¾-mile long processional route constructed at the end of the Stone Age. The outer henge around the stones was built about 2400BC but arrowheads found in the stone circle indicate the stones were put up as much as 500 years earlier.

Parker Pearson said his team was waiting for results of radiocarbon dating D _____ whether stones currently in the inner circle of Stonehenge were originally located at the other riverside construction.

Pearson said: «The big, big question is when these stones were erected and when they were removed — and when we get the dating evidence we can answer both those questions.»

He added: «We speculated in the past E ______ at the end of the avenue near the river. But we were completely unprepared to discover that there was an entire stone circle. Another team member, Professor Julian Thomas, said the discovery indicated F______was central to the religious lives of the people who built Stonehenge. «Old theories about Stonehenge that do not explain the evident significance of the river will have to be rethought,» he said. Dr Josh Pollard, project co-director from the University of Bristol, described the discovery as «incredible».

  1. which could reveal

  2. which they stood

  3. which it was once made up

  4. that this stretch of the river Avon

  5. that there might have been something

  6. that it should be considered as integral part

  7. that leads from the river Avon to Stonehenge

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

3

2

7

1

5

4

Task 9

Australia

 Australia was the last great landmass to be discovered by the Europeans. The continent they eventually discovered had already been inhabited for tens of thousands of years.

Australia is an island continent A _____ is the result of gradual changes wrought over millions of years.

B ____, Australia is one of the most stable land masses, and for about 100 million years has been free of the forces that have given rise to huge mountain ranges elsewhere.

From the east coast a narrow, fertile strip merges into the greatly eroded Great Dividing Range, C ____.

The mountains are merely reminders of the mighty range, D ____. Only in the section straddling the New South Wales border with Victoria and in Tasmania, are they high enough to have winter snow.

West of the range of the country becomes increasingly flat and dry. The endless flatness is broken only by salt lakes, occasional mysterious protuberances and some mountains E ____. In places the scant vegetation is sufficient to allow some grazing. However, much of the Australian outback is a barren land of harsh stone deserts and dry lakes.

The extreme north of Australia, the Top End, is a tropical area within the monsoon belt. F ____, it comes in more or less one short, sharp burst. This has prevented the Top End from becoming seriously productive area.

  1. that once stood here

  2. that is almost continent long

  3. whose property is situated to the north of Tasmania

  4. whose landscape — much of bleak and inhospitable

  5. whose beauty reminds of the MacDonald Ranges

  6. Although its annual rainfall looks adequate on paper

  7. Although there is still seismic activity in the eastern highland area

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

4

7

2

1

5

6

Task 10

Scotland Yard

 Scotland Yard is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police in London. To most people, its name immediately brings to mind the picture of a detective — cool, efficient, ready to track down any criminal, or a helmeted police constable — A____ and trusty helper of every traveller from overseas.

Scotland Yard is situated on the Thames Embankment close to the Houses of Parliament and the familiar clock tower of Big Ben, and its jurisdiction extends over 740 square miles with the exception of the ancient City of London, B____.

One of the most successful developments in Scotland Yard’s crime detection and emergency service has been the “999 system”. On receipt of a call the 999 Room operator ascertains by electronic device the position of the nearest available police car, C ____. Almost instantly a message is also sent by teleprinter to the police station concerned so that within seconds of a call for assistance being received, a police car is on its way to the scene. An old-established section of the Metropolitan police is the Mounted Branch, with its strength of about 200 horses stabled at strategic points. These horses are particularly suited to ceremonial occasions, D ____.

An interesting branch of Scotland Yard is the branch of Police Dogs, first used as an experiment in 1939. Now these dogs are an important part of the Force. One dog, for example, can search a warehouse in ten minutes, E ____.

There is also the River Police, or Thames Division, which deals with all crimes occurring within its river boundaries.

There are two other departments of Scotland Yard – the Witness Room (known as the Rogues’ Gallery) where a photographic record of known and suspected criminals is kept, and the Museum, F ____.

  1. which is contacted by radio

  2. that familiar figure of the London scene

  3. for they are accustomed to military bands

  4. which possesses its own separate police force

  5. which contains murder relics and forgery exhibits

  6. that this policeman will bring the criminal to justice

  7. whereas the same search would take six men an hour

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

2

4

1

3

7

5

Task 11

Harry Potter course for university students 

Students of Durham University are being given the chance to sign up to what is thought to be the UK’s first course focusing on the world of Harry Potter. Although every English-speaking person in the world knows about Harry Potter books and films, few have thought of using them as a guide to … modern life.

The Durham University module uses the works of JK Rowling A ______ modern society. “Harry Potter and the Age of Illusion” will be available for study next year. So far about 80 undergraduates have signed В ______ a BA degree in Education Studies. Future educationalists will analyse JK Rowling’s fanfiction from various points of view.

A university spokesman said: “This module places the Harry Potter novels in a wider social and cultural context.” He added that a number of themes would be explored, С ______ the classroom, bullying, friendship and solidarity and the ideals of and good citizenship.

The module was created by the head of the Department of Education at Durham University. He said the idea for the new module had appeared in response D ______ body: “It seeks to place the series in its wider social and cultural context and will explore some fundamental issues E ______ . You just need to read the academic writing which started F ______ that Harry Potter is worthy of serious study.”

  1. up for the optional module, part of

  2. to emerge four or five years ago to see

  3. to examine prejudice, citizenship and bullying in

  4. such as the response of the writer

  5. including the world of rituals, prejudice and intolerance in

  6. to growing demand from the student

  7. such as the moral universe of the school

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

3

1

5

6

7

2

Task 12

Laughing and evolution

 The first hoots of laughter from an ancient ancestor of humans could be heard at least 10 million years ago, according to the results of a new study. Researchers used recordings of apes and babies being tickled A ______ to the last common ancestor that humans shared with the modern great apes, which include chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans.

The finding challenges the opinion В ______ , suggesting instead that it emerged long before humans split from the evolutionary path that led to our primate cousins, between 10m and 16m years ago.

“In humans, laughing can be the strongest way of expressing how much we are enjoying ourselves, but it can also be used in other contexts, like making fun of someone,” said Marina Davila Ross, a psychologist at Portsmouth University. “I was interested in С ______ .”

Davila Ross travelled to seven zoos around Europe and visited a wildlife reserve in Sabah, Borneo, to record baby and juvenile apes D ______ . Great apes are known to make noises that are similar to laughter when they are excited and while they are playing with each other.

Davila Ross collected recordings of laughter from 21 chimps, gorillas, orangutans and bonobos and added recordings of three babies that were tickled to make them laugh.

To analyze the recordings, the team put them into a computer program. “Our evolutionary tree based on these acoustic recordings alone showed E ______ , but furthest from orangutans, with gorillas somewhere in the middle.” said Davila Ross. “What this shows is strong evidence to suggest F ______ .”

  1. whether laughing emerged earlier on than humans did

  2. to create the evolutionary tree linking humans and apes

  3. that laughter is a uniquely human trait

  4. that humans were closest to chimps and bonobos

  5. that laughing comes from a common primate ancestor

  6. while their caretakers tickled them

  7. to trace the origin of laughter back

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Task 13

Nenets culture affected by global warming

 For 1,000 years the indigenous Nenets people have migrated along the 450-mile- long Yamal peninsula in northern Russia. In summer they wander northwards, taking their reindeer with them. In winter they return southwards.

But this remote region of north-west Siberia is now being affected by global warming. Traditionally the Nenets travel across the frozen River Ob in November A ___ around Nadym. These days, though, this annual winter migration is delayed. Last year the Nenets, together with many thousands of reindeer, had to wait until late December В ____ .

“Our reindeer were hungry. There wasn’t enough food,” Jakov Japtik, a Nenets reindeer herder, said. “The snow is melting sooner, quicker and faster than before. In spring it’s difficult for the reindeer to pull the sledges. They get tired,” Japtik said.

Herders say that the peninsula’s weather is increasingly unpredictable — with unseasonal snowstorms  С ___, and milder longer autumns. In winter, temperatures used to go down to -50°C. Now they are normally around -30°C, according to Japtik. “Obviously we prefer -30°C. But the changes aren’t good for the reindeer D ___,” he said, setting off on his sledge to round up his reindeer herd.

Even here, in one of the most remote parts of the planet, E __ . Last year the Nenets arrived at a regular summer camping spot and discovered that half of their lake had disappeared. The water had drained away after a landslide. The Nenets report other curious changes — there are fewer mosquitoes and a strange increase in flies. Scientists say there is unmistakable evidence F ___ .

  1. when the ice was finally thick enough to cross

  2. that the impact on Russia would be disastrous

  3. the environment is under pressure

  4. and in the end what is good for the reindeer is good for us

  5. and set up their camps in the southern forests

  6. that Yamal’s ancient permafrost is melting

  7. when the reindeer give birth in May

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Task 14

Duration of life and its social implications

The world’s population is about to reach a landmark of huge social and economic importance, when the proportion of the global population over 65 outnumbers children under 5 for the first time. A new report by the US census bureau shows A____ , with enormous consequences for both rich and poor nations.

The rate of growth will shoot up in the next couple of years. The В ___ a combination of the high birth rates after the Second World War and more recent improvements in health that are bringing down death rates at older ages. Separate UN forecasts predict that the global population will be more than nine billion by 2050.

The US census bureau was the first to sound the С ___ . Its latest forecasts warn governments and international bodies that this change in population structure will bring widespread challenges at every level of human organization, starting with the structure of the family, which will be transformed as people live longer. This will in turn place new burdens on careers and social services providers, D ___ for health services and pensions systems.

“People are living longer and, in some parts of the world, healthier lives,” the authors conclude. “This represents one of the greatest achievements of the last century but also a significant challenge E ___ population.”

Ageing will put pressure on societies at all levels. One way of measuring that is to look at the older dependency ratio, F ___ that must be supported by them. The ODR is the number of people aged 65 and over for every 100 people aged 20 to 64. It varies widely, from just six in Kenya to 33 in Italy and Japan. The UK has an ODR of 26, and the US has 21.

  1. which recently replaced Italy as the world’s oldest major country

  2. alarm about these changes

  3. a huge shift towards an ageing population

  4. change is due to

  5. while patterns of work and retirement will have huge implications

  6. which shows the balance between working-age people and the older

  7. as proportions of older people increase in most countries

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Task 15

Elephants sense ‘danger’ clothes

 St Andrews University researchers discovered that elephants could recognise the degree of danger posed by various groups of individuals. The study found that African elephants always reacted with fear A ______ previously worn by men of the Maasai tribe. They are known to demonstrate their courage by В ______ .

The elephants also responded aggressively to red clothing, which defines traditional Maasai dress.

However, the elephants showed a much milder reaction to clothing previously worn by the Kamba people, С ______ and pose little threat.

The researchers first presented elephants with clean, red clothing and with red clothing that had been worn for five days by D ______ .

They revealed that Maasai-smelt clothing motivated elephants to travel significantly faster in the first minute after they moved away.

They then investigated whether elephants could also use the colour of clothing as a cue to classify a potential threat and found the elephants reacted with aggression E ______ . This suggested that they associated the colour red with the Maasai.

The researchers believe the distinction in the elephants’ emotional reaction to smell and colour might be explained by F ______ . They might be able to distinguish among different human groups according to the level of risk they posed.

«We regard this experiment as just a start to investigating precisely how elephants ‘see the world’, and it may be that their abilities will turn out to equal or exceed those of our closer relatives, the monkeys and apes,» researchers added.

  1. either a Maasai or a Kamba man

  2. who do not hunt elephants

  3. when they detected the smell of clothes

  4. who carried out the research

  5. the amount of risk they sense

  6. spearing elephants

  7. when they spotted red but not white cloth

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Task 16

Culture and customs

 In less than twenty years, the mobile telephone has gone from being rare, expensive equipment of the business elite to a pervasive, low-cost personal item. In many countries, mobile telephones A ___ ; in the U.S., 50 per cent of children have mobile telephones. In many young adults’ households it has supplanted the land-line telephone. The mobile phone is В ___ , such as North Korea.

Paul Levinson in his 2004 book Cellphone argues that by looking back through history we can find many precursors to the idea of people simultaneously walking and talking on a mobile phone. Mobile phones are the next extension in portable media, that now can be С ___ into one device. Levinson highlights that as the only mammal to use only two out of our four limbs to walk, we are left two hands free D ___ — like talking on a mobile phone.

Levinson writes that “Intelligence and inventiveness, applied to our need to communicate regardless of where we may be, led logically and eventually to telephones that we E ___ .”

Given the high levels of societal mobile telephone service penetration, it is a key means for people F ___ . The SMS feature spawned the «texting» sub-culture. In December 1993, the first person-to-person SMS text message was transmitted in Finland. Currently, texting is the most widely-used data service; 1.8 billion users generated $80 billion of revenue in 2006.

  1. to perform other actions

  2. outnumber traditional telephones

  3. to communicate with each other

  4. combined with the Internet

  5. to serve basic needs

  6. banned in some countries

  7. carry in our pockets

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Task 17

My Stage

 My family moved to Rockaway, New Jersey in the summer of 1978. It was there that my dreams of stardom began.

I was nine years old. Heather Lambrix lived next door, and she and I became best friends. I thought she was so lucky A ___ . She took tap and jazz and got to wear cool costumes with bright sequences and makeup and perform on stage. I went to all of her recitals and В ___ .

My living room and sometimes the garage were my stage. I belonged to a cast of four, which consisted of Heather, my two younger sisters, Lisa and Faith, and I. Since I was the oldest and the bossiest, I was the director. Heather came with her own costumes С ___ . We choreographed most of our dance numbers as we went along. Poor Faith … we would throw her around D ___ . She was only about four or five … and so agile. We danced around in our bathing suits to audiocassettes and records from all the Broadway musicals. We’d put a small piece of plywood on the living room carpet, E ___ . And I would imitate her in my sneakers on the linoleum in the hall. I was a dancer in the making.

My dad eventually converted a part of our basement into a small theater. He hung two “spotlights” and a sheet for a curtain. We performed dance numbers to tunes like “One” and “The Music and the Mirror” from A Chorus Line. I sang all the songs from Annie. I loved to sing, F ___. I just loved to sing. So I belted out songs like “Tomorrow”, “Maybe” and “What I Did For Love.” I knew then, this is what I wanted to do with my life.

  1. like she was a rag doll

  2. whether I was good at it or not

  3. wished I, too, could be on stage

  4. and I designed the rest

  5. and I was star struck

  6. so Heather could do her tap routine

  7. because she got to go to dance lessons

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Task 18

Cat’s punctuality

 Sergeant Podge, a Norwegian Forest Cat, disappears from his owner’s home in a small town in Kent, every night. But what baffles his owner, Liz Bullard, mostly is the fact that the next morning, the 12-year-old cat always pops up in exactly the same place, A ___ . And every morning Ms. Bullard takes her son to school before collecting Sergeant Podge.

She said that the routine had set in earlier this year, when Sergeant Podge disappeared one day. Ms. Bullard spent hours telephoning her neighbours В ___ .

An elderly woman living about one and a half miles away called back to inform Ms. Bullard that she had found a cat matching Sergeant Podge’s description. Ms. Bullard picked him up but within days he vanished from sight again. She rang the elderly woman С ___ .

She said a routine has now become established, where each morning she takes her son to school before driving to collect Sergeant Podge D ___ .

It is thought Sergeant Podge walks across a golf course every night to reach his destination.

Ms. Bullard said: “If it’s raining he may be in the bush but he comes running if I clap my hands.” All she has to do is open the car passenger door from the inside for Sergeant Podge to jump in.

Ms. Bullard also makes the trip at weekends and during school holidays — E ___ .

She does not know why, after 12 years, Sergeant Podge has begun the routine but explained that another woman who lived nearby used to feed him sardines, and that he may be F ___ .

His owner doesn’t mind his wandering off at night as long as she knows where to collect him.

  1. on the look-out for more treats

  2. from the pavement between 0800 and 0815 GMT

  3. to discover Sergeant Podge was back outside her home

  4. on a pavement about one and a half miles (2.4km) away

  5. to identify if anyone had bumped into him

  6. when her son is having a lie-in

  7. collected by car every morning

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Task 19

Do you speak English?

When I arrived in England I thought I knew English. After I’d been here an hour I realized that I did not understand one word. In the first week I picked up a tolerable working knowledge of the language and the next seven years convinced me gradually but thoroughly that I A ______ , let alone perfectly. This is sad. My only consolation being that nobody speaks English perfectly.

Remember that those five hundred words an average Englishman uses are B ______ . You may learn another five hundred and another five thousand and yet another fifty thousand and still you may come across a further fifty thousand C ______ .

If you live here long enough you will find out to your greatest amazement that the adjective nice is not the only adjective the language possesses, in spite of the fact that D ______ . You can say that the weather is nice, a restaurant is nice, Mr. Soandso is nice, Mrs. Soandso’s clothes are nice, you had a nice time, E ______ .

Then you have to decide on your accent. The easiest way to give the impression of having a good accent or no foreign accent at all is to hold an unlit pipe in your mouth, to mutter between your teeth and finish all your sentences with the question: “isn’t it?” People will not understand much, but they are accustomed to that and they will get a F ______ .

  1. whatever it costs

  2. most excellent impression

  3. you have never heard of before, and nobody else either

  4. in the first three years you do not need to learn or use any other adjectives

  5. would never know it really well

  6. far from being the whole vocabulary of the language

  7. and all this

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Task 20

Before the Hubble Space Telescope was launched, scientists thought they knew the universe. They were wrong.

The Hubble Space Telescope has changed many scientists’ view of the universe. The telescope is named after American astronomer Edwin Hubble, A ______ .

He established that many galaxies exist and developed the first system for their classifications.

In many ways, Hubble is like any other telescope. It simply gathers light. It is roughly the size of a large school bus. What makes Hubble special is not what it is, B ______ .

Hubble was launched in 1990 from the “Discovery” space shuttle and it is about 350 miles above our planet, C ______ .

It is far from the glare of city lights, it doesn’t have to look through the air, D ______ .

And what a view it is! Hubble is so powerful it could spot a fly on the moon. Yet in an average orbit, it uses the same amount of energy as 28100-watt light bulbs. Hubble pictures require no film. The telescope takes digital images E ______ .

Hubble has snapped photos of storms on Saturn and exploding stars. Hubble doesn’t just focus on our solar system. It also peers into our galaxy and beyond. Many Hubble photos show the stars that make up the Milky Way galaxy. A galaxy is a city of stars.

Hubble cannot take pictures of the sun or other very bright objects, because doing so could “fry” the telescope’s instruments, but it can detect infrared and ultra violet light F ______ .

Some of the sights of our solar system that Hubble has glimpsed may even change the number of planets in it.

  1. which is above Earth’s atmosphere.

  2. which are transmitted to scientists on Earth.

  3. which is invisible to the human eye.

  4. who calculated the speed at which galaxies move.

  5. so it has a clear view of space.

  6. because many stars are in clouds of gas.

  7. but where it is.

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Task 21

The science of sound, or acoustics, as it is often called, has been made over radically within a comparatively short space of time. Not so long ago the lectures on sound in colleges and high schools dealt chiefly with the vibrations of such things as the air columns in organ pipes. Nowadays, however, thanks chiefly to a number of electronic instruments engineers can study sounds as effectively A ____ . The result has been a new approach to research in sound. Scientists have been able to make far-reaching discoveries in many fields of acoustics B _____ .

Foremost among the instruments that have revolutionized the study of acoustics are electronic sound-level meters also known as sound meters and sound-intensity meters. These are effective devices that first convert sound waves into weak electric signals, then amplify the signals through electronic means C ______ . The intensity of a sound is measured in units called decibels. “Zero” sound is the faintest sound D ______ . The decibel measures the ratio of the intensity of a given sound to the standard “zero” sound. The decibel scale ranges from 0 to 130. An intensity of 130 decibels is perceived not only as a sound, but also E ______ . The normal range of painlessly audible sounds for the average human ear is about 120 decibels. For forms of life other than ourselves, the range can be quite different.

The ordinary sound meter measures the intensity of a given sound, rather than its actual loudness. Under most conditions, however, it is a quite good indicator of loudness. Probably the loudest known noise ever heard by human ears was that of the explosive eruption in August, 1883, of the volcano of Krakatoa in the East Indies. No electronic sound meters, of course, were in existence then, but physicists estimate that the sound at its source must have had an intensity of 190 decibels, F ______ .

  1. and finally measure them.

  2. since it was heard 3,000 miles away.

  3. and they have been able to put many of these discoveries to practical use.

  4. that loud sound is of high intensity.

  5. as they study mechanical forces.

  6. as a painful sensation in the ear.

  7. that the unaided human ear can detect.

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Task 22

Chocolate 

Chocolate is made from a number of raw and processed foods produced from the seeds of tropical cacao trees. Cacao has been cultivated in A ______ at least 3000 years. For most of this time it was made into a drink called, in translation — “bitter water”. This is because В ______ to be fermented to develop a palatable flavour. After fermentation the beans are dried and roasted and the shell is removed to produce cacao nibs. These are then ground and liquefied into chocolate liquor. The liquor is then processed into cocoa solids or cocoa butter. Pure chocolate contains primarily cocoa solids and butter in different proportions. Much of С ______ with added sugar. Milk chocolate is sweetened chocolate that additionally contains either milk powder or condensed milk. White chocolate on the other D ______ is therefore not a true chocolate. Chocolate contains theobromine and phenethylamine which have physiological effects on the body. It is similar to serotonin levels in the brain. Scientists claim E ______ , can lower blood pressure. Recently, dark chocolate has also been promoted for its health benefits. But pet owners should remember that the presence of theobromine makes it toxic to cats and dogs. Chocolate is now one F______ , although 16 of the top 20 chocolate consuming countries are in Europe. Also interesting is that 66% of world chocolate is consumed between meals.

  1. the chocolate consumed today is made

  2. that chocolate, eaten in moderation

  3. central and southern America for

  4. of the world’s most popular flavours

  5. hand contains no cocoa solids and

  6. cacao seeds are intensely bitter and have

  7. many countries worldwide at

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Task 23

Reality TV

 Reality TV seems to dominate broadcasting these days. But what is it, how did it emerge and why on earth is it so popular? The first question is easily answered. Reality TV A ______ presents unscripted, dramatic or humorous situations or events. It can involve celebrities В ______ of the public. Reality TV has been gradually growing in importance for over 60 years. “Candid Camera” — the show that filmed ordinary people reacting to set ups and pranks — started in 1948. Some people, however, believe it was the Japanese with their awful shows in the 1980s and 90s that brought reality TV to centre stage. Others believe С ______ that is called “Big Brother” was the show that spawned the reality TV age. But why are the shows so popular? Different theories come to life. Some believe that it is D ______ we like to watch horrible behaviour: the same instinct that once inspired the ancient Romans to go and watch gladiators destroy each other at the Coliseum. Others suggest a kind of voyeurism is involved there — an unhealthy curiosity to spy on other people’s lives.

Whatever the real reason — the trend seems to have already peaked. A lot of such shows E ______ or are expected to go in the near future. And the replacement seems to be talents shows — watching competitions in dance, singing and general entertainment. Does it mean that people are changing? It is too early to say. Most agree that these F ______ .

  1. due to basic human instinct that

  2. is still early to judge

  3. are simply the cycles of fashion

  4. but more usually the stars are members

  5. that the television phenomenon

  6. is a type of programme that

  7. seem to have disappeared

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Task 24

Mikhail Lomonosov and Moscow State University

 Mikhail Lomonosov was one of the intellectual titans of XVIII century. His interests ranged from history, rhetoric, art and poetry A ______ . Alexander Pushkin described him as В ______ , whose lifelong passion was learning.

Lomonosov’s activity is a manifestation of the enormous potential of the Russian scientific community. Peter I reformed Russia, which allowed the country to reach the standard of С ______ many spheres. Great importance was placed on education. St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, founded by Peter I, established a university and a grammar school to educate intellectuals and researchers the country needed; however, these educational establishments could not fulfill the task they took on. It was Michail Lomonosov D ______ of establishing a university in Moscow. An influential courtier and the E ______ Count Shuvalov supported Lomonosov’s plans for a new university and presented them to the Empress.

In 1755, on 25 January-St. Tatiana’s Day according to the Russian Orthodox Church calendar — Elizaveta signed the decree that a university should be founded in Moscow. The opening ceremony took place on 26 April, when Elizaveta’s coronation day was celebrated. Since 1755 25 January and 26 April F ______ Moscow University; the annual conference where students present the results of their research work is traditionally held in April.

  1. who suggested in his letter to Count Shuvalov the idea

  2. to mechanics, chemistry and mineralogy

  3. a person of formidable willpower and keen scientific mind

  4. favourite of Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, the patron of arts and science

  5. the contemporary European powers in

  6. are marked by special events and festivities at

  7. famous among all educated people

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Task 25

Window Shopping

 The day would be spent with my best friends Kath and Kate. We are actually three Catherines (by birth spelt with a C), A______ we are all K’s: Kat (that’s me), Kath and Kate — the 3K Window Shopping gang!

Window shopping is simply wonderful. You can look at any outfit. You can try on В ______ not a single item on sale for which the price is a problem. You will try something on, ponder, pout, twirl, think hard, check yourself in the mirror one last time and finally reflect С ______ right for you! The highlight of this regular adventure however, is generally the 3K chocolate and ice cream break in the Shopping Centre’s top floor cafii Of course we do not believe that we are wasting anyone’s time. We do D ______ as well, but a reliable equation for us is — 3Ks + shopping mall = a good time.

But E ______ out to be especially memorable. One of the stores had a questionnaire lottery with the first prize being a voucher worth £200. We filled in the question forms while in the cafiiand returned to the store by their 2.00pm deadline. Kate won the first prize but we had decided in advance that if any of us won something, we would share equally: All for one К and one for all! At this point our morning of window shopping paid off. We completed F ______ slightly less than 10 minutes: three skirts, three hats and three belts and three very OK, K’s.

  1. not like to spend our time

  2. that it’s probably not quite

  3. that particular day turned

  4. our real shopping in

  5. sometimes go shopping for real

  6. anything you want and there is

  7. but when we are together

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Task 26

The Hotel

 “Have you stayed with us before sir?” asked the receptionist. His accent sounded middle-European; Czech possibly or Polish. Actually I hadn’t stayed at this particular hotel before A ______ to many others from the same chain that I had stayed at. “No — first time” I replied with unnecessary brevity. The thing is I always feel В ______ rather than treated as an individual. Every word that I was about to hear, I had heard before — delivered no doubt from the depths of a tourism and hospitality course. “Welcome to Newcastle sir. Is this your first visit to our city? Can I trouble you to complete this form? Actually the first two lines and the signature at the bottom will do. Would you like С ______ , Sir? This will automatically unlock room facilities like mini-bar and telephone and any other extras you may require. Can I see your passport sir?” The questions and information D ______ responses were actually required and I handed over my passport, credit card and partly filled out form. I was tempted to write under name and address “Donald Duck, Duck Towers, Disney Street” — E ______ ever read the form again. But being a creature of habit I wrote my real name and address. While my card was being processed I looked across the reception area through the wall height windows to the beautiful River Tyne. A wave of nostalgia came over me. It was good to be back. I found myself thinking about her again and wondering F ______ a voice broke in: “It’s a plastic key card sir. You also need it to activate the lift and when you get to your room, plug it into the switch on the left as you open the door. It will automatically supply electricity to the room. Any help with your baggage? No? Then enjoy your stay”. The accomplished young Pole smiled as he delivered the final command and duly processed, I proceeded to the card activated lift.

  1. me to take a print of your credit card

  2. points poured out smoothly, no verbal

  3. if I would even see her when

  4. although it seemed virtually identical

  5. so sure was I that nobody would

  6. me to help you with your luggage

  7. as if I am being processed like a product

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Task 27

Lindsay Wildlife Museum

 Lindsay Wildlife Museum is a unique natural history and environmental education centre where visitors can listen to the cry of a red-tailed hawk, go eye-to-eye with a grey fox and watch a bald eagle eat lunch. More than fifty species of native California animals are on exhibit here.

 Thousands of school children learn about the natural environment in their classrooms A ____ of the museum. Nature- and science- oriented classes and trips are offered for adults and children. More than 600 volunteers help to feed and care for wild animals, В _____. Volunteers are active in the museum’s work, contributing С ____.

 The museum was founded by a local businessman, Alexander Lindsay. Sandy, as friends knew him, started teaching neighborhood children about nature in the early 1950s. Initially housed in an elementary school, the museum began offering school-aged children summer classes, D ____.

 After nearly a decade of the museum operation, it became apparent E ____. With a new 5,000 square-foot home, the museum could now develop and display a permanent collection of live, native wildlife and natural history objects. People came to the museum for help with wild animals F ___ urban growth. In response, a formal wildlife rehabilitation programme — the first of its kind in the United States of America — began in 1970.

  1. that a permanent, year-round site was necessary

  2. as well as field trips focused on the natural world

  3. many hours of service to wildlife care and fundraising

  4. that had been injured or orphaned because of intense

  5. that needed public attention and a new building

  6. as well as teach children and adults about nature

  7. through education programmes and on-site tours

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Task 28

America’s fun place on America’s main street

 If any city were considered a part of every citizen in the United States, it would be Washington, DC. To many, the Old Post Office Pavilion serves A ____. If you are in the area, be a part of it all by visiting us — or В ____. Doing so will keep you aware of the latest musical events, great happenings and international dining, to say the least.

Originally built in 1899, the Old Post Office Pavilion embodied the modern spirit С ____. Today, our architecture and spirit of innovation continues to evolve and thrive. And, thanks to forward-thinking people, you can now stroll through the Old Post Office Pavilion and experience both D ____ with international food, eclectic shopping and musical events. All designed to entertain lunch, mid-day and after work audiences all week long.

A highlight of the Old Post Office Pavilion is its 315-foot Clock Tower. Offering a breath-taking view of the city, National Park Service Rangers give free Clock Tower tours every day! Individuals and large tour groups are all welcome. The Old Post Office Clock Tower also proudly houses the official United States Bells of Congress, a gift from England E ____. The Washington Ringing Society sounds the Bells of Congress every Thursday evening and on special occasions.

Visit the Old Post Office Pavilion, right on Pennsylvania Avenue between the White House and the Capitol. It is a great opportunity F ____, this is a landmark not to be missed no matter your age.

  1. that are offered to the visitors

  2. its glamorous past and fun-filled present

  3. as a landmark reminder of wonderful experiences

  4. by joining our e-community

  5. that was sweeping the country

  6. celebrating the end of the Revolutionary War

  7. to learn more about American history

Ответ

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Task 29

Number of teenagers with Saturday job drops

 The number of teenagers with Saturday jobs has dropped. Young people do not acquire any experience for their CVs — a crucial step towards getting full-time work. The proportion of teenagers combining part-time jobs with school or college has slumped from 40% in the 1990s to around 20% now, according to the UK Commission for Employment and Skills (UKCES), a government agency. Latest figures show that only A ____ in 1997.

The trend is not just recession-related, but the result of an increasing expectation В ____ well as a falling number of Saturday jobs, according to the report. Many of the jobs that young people do, such as bar work, are in long-term decline, and are forecast to decline further over the next decade.

«Recruiters place significant emphasis on experience С ____,» the report says. Word of mouth is the most common way to get a job, D _____ young people are unable to build up informal contacts, it adds.

Ms. Todd, a commissioner at the UKCES, said: «There’s more emphasis on doing well at school, young people are finding less time to do what they would have done a few years ago.» «I think it’s also the changing structure of the labour market. Retail is still a big employer, E ____. As a consequence, we need to think about how we get young people the work experience they need.»

A new initiative to send employees into state schools to talk about their careers was also launched recently. The scheme, Inspiring the Future, is meant to give state schoolchildren access to the kind of careers advice that private schools offer. The deputy prime minister said: «The power of making connections F ____ and can be life-changing.»

  1. that it was researching the system of funding education after 16

  2. 260,000 teenagers have a Saturday job compared with 435,000

  3. but young people are leaving education increasingly less experienced

  4. that inspire young people is immeasurable

  5. but an increasing shortage of work experience means

  6. that young people should stay on at school, as

  7. but a lot more of it is being done online

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Task 30

Lots of fun in Cardiff

 As you would expect of a capital city, Cardiff offers a huge choice of exciting sport and entertainment throughout the year.

Every March the city celebrates St. David, Wales’ patron saint, with parades and music. August sees the International Festival of Street Entertainment, with the heart of the city A ____. Family fun days in the parks and at the waterfront are part of this sensational summer scene. Brass and military bands are often to be seen on Cardiff s streets. Between May and October the world’s only seagoing paddle steamer cruises from Cardiff’s seaside resort.

In autumn the fun continues with Cardiff s Festival of the Arts В _____. Music is at the centre of the festival, with international stars С ____. Christmas in Cardiff is full of colour and festivities. The truly spectacular Christmas illuminations have earned Cardiff the title of «Christmas City». And there is entertainment for all the family, D ____.

There is always something happening in Cardiff. The BBC National Orchestra of Wales and Welsh National Opera can both be heard here. Cardiff previews many London «West End» shows E _____.

The city’s range of accommodation facilities is truly impressive, F ____. And with a city as compact as Cardiff there are places to stay in all price brackets.

  1. from international names to family-run guest houses

  2. joining some of Wales’ most talented musicians

  3. having their summer holidays in Cardiff

  4. that usually attract hundreds of theatre lovers

  5. which features music, film, literature and graphics

  6. from pantomimes to Christmas tree celebrations

  7. beating with dance and theatrical performances

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Task 31

Changing image

 For more than 200 years Madame Tussaud’s has been attracting tourists from all over the world and it remains just as popular as it ever was. There are many reasons for this enduring success, but at the heart of it all is good, old-fashioned curiosity.

Madame Tussaud’s original concept has entered a brand new era of interactive entertainment A _____. Today’s visitors are sent on a breathtaking journey in black cabs through hundreds of years of the past. They have a unique chance to see the great legends of history, В _____ of politics.

Much of the figure construction technique follows the traditional pattern, beginning whenever possible with the subject С _____ and personal characteristics. The surprising likeliness of the wax portraits also owes much to many stars D _____, either by providing their stage clothes, or simply giving useful advice.

The museum continues constantly to add figures E ____ popularity. The attraction also continues to expand globally with established international branches in New York, Hong Kong, Amsterdam and many other cities. And they all have the same rich mix of interaction, authenticity and local appeal.

The museum provides a stimulating and educational environment for schoolchildren. Its specialists are working together with practicing teachers and educational advisors to create different programmes of activities, F ____.

  1. as well as resources on art, technology and drama

  2. as well as the idols of popular music and the icons

  3. who is sitting to determine exact measurements

  4. ranging from special effects to fully animated figures

  5. ranging from all kinds of souvenirs to sports equipment

  6. that reflect contemporary public opinion and celebrity

  7. who are eager to help in any possible way they can

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Task 32

Saturday jobs: memories of weekend working

 Research has shown a sharp fall in the number of teenagers who do Saturday jobs. It seems such a shame — my Saturday job as a kitchen porter was something of a rite of passage. I’ll never forget long hours A _____, scouring grease off huge saucepans and griddles. Working atmosphere there helped me grow a thicker skin, develop quicker banter and, most importantly, taught me the value of hard work. It also resulted in a steady supply of cash, В ____. I’m not the only one who has strong memories of weekend work. DJ Trevor Nelson said everyone should be able to have a Saturday job: «It taught me a lot, С ____.»

The link between the type of Saturday job a celebrity performed and their later career is sometimes obvious. Dragon’s Den star and businessman Peter Jones, for example, showed early promise by starting his own business. «I passed my Lawn Tennis Association coaching exam, D ____,» he explains. «At the start I was coaching other kids, E ____, for which I could charge £25-30 an hour. While my friends on milk rounds were getting £35 a week, I was doing five hours on a Saturday and earning four times as much.»

Skier Chemmy Alcott got a job working for the Good Ski Guide, on the advertising side. «It became clear to me what my personal value to companies could be. It led directly to me finding my head sponsor … and it offered me an eight-year contract. That gave me the financial backing F ____.»

As part of its response to the Saturday job statistics, the UK Commission for Employment and Skills said a lack of early work opportunities makes it harder for young people to acquire experience for their СVs.

  1. and things would be different if everyone was given the chance

  2. which let me know he approved of me

  3. and I persuaded my local club to let me use a court on Saturdays

  4. which I needed to become a professional skier

  5. which I would happily spend as I liked

  6. that I spent in the kitchen of a busy country pub in East Sussex

  7. but soon I got adults wanting to book lessons

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Task 33

Orient Express

 In the early 1860s, trains were the preferred way to travel. They weren’t particularly comfortable, however, until American engineer George Mortimer Pullman decided to make trains more luxurious.

By the late 1860s, trains furnished not only sleeping cars, but kitchen and dining facilities, where A _____. This was innovative for the time, and was aimed to encourage people В _____. The first of these Pullman trains in England ran from London to Brighton and used electricity for illumination.

In 1881, another railway entrepreneur, George Nagelmacker, introduced the use of a restaurant car onboard, and the first Orient Express train service was begun. Running from Paris to Romania the route included Strasbourg, Vienna, Budapest and Bucharest.

Thanks to the 12 mile Simplon Tunnel, С _____, the Orient Express expanded, including a route to Istanbul, and the legendary romance of the Orient Express was in full swing.

Everyone in the social register, including royalty, chose to travel on the wheels of that luxury hotel D _____ in wealthy surroundings. Legends, stories, and intrigue surrounded those trips to exotic places, and those famous people E _____.

Unfortunately, during World War II this luxury travel was closed for the most part, and later, after the war, F ____ to start it again. Within the next few years airplane travel became popular, and train passenger service declined.

  1. elegant meals were served to passengers

  2. to use trains for long distance travel and vacations

  3. who rode the train

  4. who wrote about it

  5. which connected Switzerland and Italy

  6. that served dishes and wines

  7. there was no money

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Task 34

Arizona’s world class cruise

 Spectacular Canyon Lake is situated in the heart of the Superstition Mountains in Arizona, giving home to the Dolly Steamboat. The Dolly Steamboat, A ____, now cruises the secluded inner waterways of this beautiful lake. It is worth exploring this favourite destination of President Theodore Roosevelt who declared, «The Apache Trail and surrounding area combines the grandeur of the Alps, the glory of the Rockies, the magnificence of the Grand Canyon and then adds something В ____.» You will marvel as you travel up to the national forest, which provides the most inspiring and beautiful panorama С ____. Every trip brings new discoveries of rock formations, geological history, and the flora and fauna distinct to the deserts of Arizona.

Once aboard the Dolly Steamboat, you may view the majestic desert big horn sheep, bald eagles and a host bird of other wildlife, water fowl, D ____. Experience the unique sound harmony that is created by the waters of Canyon Lake. Stretch out and relax at one of the tables or stand next to the railings on the deck. There is plenty of leg room on the Dolly. You will get a unique chance to listen to the captain E ____.

All the passengers are treated with outstanding service and personal attention to every need. Feel free to ask questions, move about and mingle with the crew. So enjoy an unforgettable vacation cruise and see F ____ ,like a ride on Arizona’s Dolly Steamboat.

  1. that nature has ever created in the wild

  2. that none of the others have

  3. hovering over the magnificent lake

  4. who retells the legends of the mysterious past

  5. for yourself why there is nothing quite

  6. who pays much attention to children’s safety

  7. continuing a tradition of cruising since 1925

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Task 35

US Congress

 The Congress of the United States of America is an important part of the US federal government.

It is an assembly of elected representatives A ____ but not to select the chief executive of the nation; that individual is elected by the people.

Congress is not a single organization; it is a vast and complex collection of organizations B ____ and through which members of Congress form alliances.

C ____, in which political parties are the only important kind of organization, parties are only one of many important units in Congress.

In fact other organizations have grown in number D ____.

The Democrats and Republicans in the House and the Senate are organized by party leaders, E ____ within the House and Senate. The party structure is essentially the same in the House as in the Senate, though the titles of various posts are different.

But leadership carries more power in the House than in the Senate because of the House rules. F _____, the House must restrict debate and schedule its business with great care; thus leaders who do the scheduling and who determine how the rules shall be applied usually have substantial influence.

  1. as party influence has declined

  2. against the spirit of the Constitution

  3. being so large (435 members)

  4. empowered to make laws

  5. unlike the British Parliament

  6. by which the business of Congress is carried on

  7. who in turn are elected by the full party membership

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Task 36

The Trailblazers

 In the early 1800s, the area that would become the western United States was completely undeveloped.

Explorers, hunters, traders, and settlers had to blaze their own trails. A____ to move possessions and supplies became common place.

Manifest Destiny was the belief that Americans had a God-given right to take over the continent. As they moved west, settlers used this policy B_____ to new people and territories.

Trails increased trade opportunities between western and eastern regions, and the U.S. economy prospered C_____ on each other for goods.

To achieve Manifest Destiny, the United States purchased land from other countries or conquered territory D_____ until its borders stretched from coast to coast.

More than one-half million people chose to travel West on trails between 1800 and 1870, E_____.

As new technology spread across the West, however, the use of trails came to an end. The railroads built thousands of miles of tracks, and, F ____, a cheap, relatively safe, and quick way to transport people and supplies to western areas existed.

  1. to spread U.S. ideas and government

  2. for the first time in history

  3. thus replacing them forever

  4. as territories became interdependent

  5. the use of covered wagons

  6. by taking land from Native peoples

  7. forming the largest mass migration in history

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Task 37

A Young Mayor

 This is a very unusual case, but as you will see, unusual doesn’t mean impossible.

An 18-year-old school girl has become the youngest mayor of a British town in history. Amanda Bracebridge, A_____, won leadership of Clun village council in a dramatic election last night. The tiny village only has 122 voters and Amanda won the election by just two votes from the only other candidate, 69-year-old Fred Gardner of the Conservative party. Amanda, B _____, was an independent candidate. She was surprised by her success, C _____. “My election promise was to make sure D _____,” she told us. She was referring to the plans from a large company to buy up farmland and build flats there. “We live in one of the most beautiful villages in Shropshire and I want to make sure it stays that way.”

Amanda, who is in her last year at nearby Bishop’s Castle High School, E _____ and her exams which she takes in two months. “It’s going to be a pretty busy few months,” she said. “But when the exams are over I will be able to concentrate completely on helping my village”.

Amanda had plans to go to university but is now going to start a year later F _____. “I’ve talked to Leeds University and they say my place will wait for me”. And what is she going to study? Politics? “No, actually, I am going to do sociology and economics”.

  1. who is not a member of any political party

  2. that our village would be protected from outside interests

  3. but it was not a total shock to her

  4. being a politics student at the university

  5. so she can do her job as mayor properly

  6. who is only just old enough to vote herself

  7. will have to find time for her work as mayor

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Task 38

Is there enough to say?

 They only appeared about ten years ago but already they are everywhere, everyone’s got one. They are the wonder of the modern age — mobile phones, or cell phones, A ____. Apparently, mobile phones are now used by about 2.5 billion people worldwide, and about one billion new mobile phones are sold every year worldwide. Go back to 1997, and only 100 million were sold. As we can see, the mobile phone business B_____.

And the developments keep on coming. Once we could only make phone calls; now mobile phones C_____ and do many other useful things. Once we had to hold our mobile phones in our hand; now we can use throat microphones. What next? We are told that soon, tiny microphones will be implanted into our lips. We’ll be able to dial numbers just by saying them.

But surely we need to ask ourselves: What’s good about this? OK, we can talk to other people almost all the time now — but is that so great? Watch and listen to people when a plane has landed. Anxious D _____, dial a number, and then: “It’s me, I’m here. I’ll be there in twenty minutes.” Is this communication? Is this what all these years of technology have brought us to?

In the early days of communication there were letters. When they arrived at your house, you knew they had been delivered by a man E _____.

In those days, people would think very hard before they wrote a letter. You had to have a good reason to write — communication was serious. Now it’s not — people phone each other F ____. Once the phone was a way for people far away from each other to talk — now it’s just an excuse to talk.

  1. has been developed very quickly

  2. not understand why they are doing it for

  3. as Americans call them

  4. riding halfway across the country on a horse

  5. just because they can

  6. can also be used to take and send photos

  7. fingers immediately switch on the mobile phone

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Task 39

Promoting language learning

 The European Union (EU) is committed to supporting the rights of its citizens to personal and professional mobility, and their ability to communicate with each other. It does so by A_____ to promote the teaching and learning of European languages. These programmes have at least one thing in common: they cover cross-border projects involving partners from two, and often three or more, EU countries.

The EU programmes are designed to complement the national education policies of member countries. Each government is responsible for its own national education policy, B_____. What the EU programmes do is to create links between countries and regions via joint projects, C____.

Since 2007 the main programmes have been put under the overall umbrella of the EU’s lifelong learning programme. All languages are eligible for support under this programme: official languages, regional, minority and migrant languages, D____. There are national information centres in each country, E_____.

The cultural programmes of the EU also promote linguistic and cultural diversity in a number of ways. The “Media” programme funds the dubbing and subtitling of European films for F ____. The “Culture” programme builds cross-cultural bridges by supporting the translation of modern authors into other EU languages.

  1. and the languages of the EU’s major trading partners

  2. which includes language teaching and learning

  3. cinemas and television in other EU countries

  4. which enhance the impact of language teaching and learning

  5. funding a number of educational programmes

  6. and encouraging people to learn new languages

  7. where details about the application procedures are given

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Task 40

Starting your own business

What are the reasons for starting your own business? One of them is because you believe you are the best in that line or because you have a product or service that has never been offered to the market before. Another is that you are a person in a real hurry and cannot suffer the A_____ to reach your goals. Sometimes it is because you have an inheritance B_____ soon after you set up a business or that there already is a cash purse with loose strings and you want to make the best of this bonanza.

If your reasons are any or all of the above, abandon the thought right now and save yourself the disillusionment C____ into the world of commerce.

Start your own business just for the sake of doing a trade, or for D____. Do not burden yourself with lofty notions of superiority when compared to your peers. When setting out to start your own business, be emotional about it, but not impractical; don’t be led by your heart, but be dictated by your mind.

Having covered those parts that are not taught in a business school, let us look at E____ your own business. You should start with a SWOT analysis – strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats – analyze these for yourself, for partners in your business, if any, and for the business itself.

If the result of the analysis is encouraging, then prepare a business plan. It is like a road map for actions in the near foreseeable future to achieve your business goals. Finally, execute the business plan with precision; tweak it as you go along, only so that it helps to meet the end goal of successfully F_____ the business.

  1. the essentials of starting

  2. that awaits when you step

  3. trials and tribulations of employment

  4. establishing and conducting

  5. preparing a business plan

  6. waiting to be acquired

  7. undertaking the commercial activity

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Task 41

Archaeology done underwater

 Nautical archaeology is the science of finding, collecting, preserving, and studying human objects that have become lost or buried under water. It is a fairly modern field of study since it depends on having the technology to be able to remain underwater for some time to do real work. Whether it is conducted in freshwater or in the sea, A____, nautical archaeology is another way of learning more about the human past.

Although some use the words nautical archaeology to mean a specialized branch of underwater archaeology, B____, most consider the term to mean the same as the words underwater archaeology or marine

archaeology. All of these interchangeable terms mean simply C_____.

Once real trade began, it is safe to say D_____ was probably transported over water at some point in time. By studying submerged objects, we can learn more about past human cultures. In fact, studying ancient artifacts is the only way to learn anything about human societies E_____. Being able to examine the actual objects made and used by ancient people not only adds to the written records they left behind, but allows us to get much closer to the reality of what life was like when they lived. Also, if we pay close attention to how the objects were made and used, we begin to get a more realistic picture of F_____.

  1. that existed long before the invention of writing

  2. that nearly every object made by humans

  3. what those people were really like

  4. which is concerned only with ships and the history of seafaring

  5. that it is the study of archaeology done underwater

  6. and whether it finds sunken ships or old cities

  7. and what was discovered underwater

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Task 42

Visiting the Royal Parks

 London has a well-deserved reputation as one of the greenest cities in Europe, with a huge number of open spaces across the center of the city. Tourists A_____ can always relax in a lovely, quiet London park.

The Royal Parks, such as St James’s, Green Park, the Regent’s Park, Hyde Park, Richmond, Greenwich, Bushy Park and Kensington Gardens, are beautifully maintained and popular with locals and visitors alike. Many are former hunting estates of English monarchs, preserved as open space B______. They are ideal places to relax and sunbathe in summer, enjoy gorgeous flower beds in spring C_____.

The Royal Parks provide fantastic green routes in London D______ and through some of the most attractive areas of the capital. Picnics in the parks are also a popular activity especially during the busy summer months.

Dogs are welcome in all the Royal Parks, although there are some places E_____. These are clearly indicated within each park and are usually ecologically sensitive sites, children’s play areas, restaurants, cafes and some sports areas. Ground nesting birds are particularly sensitive to disturbance by dogs and people. So it is necessary to observe the warning signs F____. In Bushy Park and Richmond Park dogs should be kept away from the deer.

The Royal Parks are for everyone to enjoy.

  1. that are displayed during the nesting season

  2. while the city has grown up around them

  3. and admire the changing leaves as autumn arrives

  4. where they are not allowed or should be kept on a lead

  5. who are tired of the noise, crowds and excitement of sightseeing

  6. who does not know the route to the place of destination

  7. that take cyclists away from traffic

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Task 43

The Survival of the Welsh Language

 Wales is a small country of just over 3 million people, on the north west seaboard of Europe. Despite many historical incursions of other peoples, particularly the English, it has preserved its ancient Celtic language, A_____. Welsh is habitually spoken by about 10% of the people, half understood by a further 10%, and not spoken at all by the majority in this ‘bilingual’ society.

Up to the First World War most people were Welsh speaking, especially in the mountains of North Wales. The English-speaking areas were along the more fertile coastal plains. On the whole there was an easy tolerance of the two languages, B______.

By 1919 there was a considerable drop in Welsh speakers. This was due to the large flows of capital investment from England into the South Wales coalfield, C_____.

Now, D_____, commerce and everyday business were carried out in English.

In the rural mountain areas 80% to 85% of the population were Welsh speakers, E ____. However, in the coalfield country of Glamorgan 70% spoke English only, and in its neighbour border county the figure was over 90%.

By 1931 the number of people able to speak Welsh in the whole of Wales had fallen to 37% of the population, F ____. It continued to drop and reached its lowest – 18.6% — in the 1990s. But by the start of the 21st century, numbers had begun to increase again and reached 21.7% in 2004!

  1. as well as education and the law

  2. the only one of a number of allied languages that remain

  3. with radio and the English press further speeding the decline

  4. many being able to speak Welsh only

  5. where Welsh was studied as language and literature in an academic manner

  6. apart from the fact that Welsh was not permitted to be used at all in the schools

  7. bringing a flood of immigrant labour from all over Britain

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Task 44

Secrets of Long Life

 There are places in the world where people live longer than anywhere else. The remote Japanese island of Okinawa is one of these places. While the lifespan in Britain is 77 years for men and 81 for women, Okinawa has a population of about one million, of which 900 are centenarians — A_____ in Britain or the USA. So what is their secret of long life?

«The calendar may say they’re 80, but their body says they’re 60,» says Bradley Willcox, a scientist researching the extraordinary phenomenon. The research has shown hormonal differences between Okinawans and B____ but their longevity has been linked to diet. They eat more tofu and soya than any other people in the world and also enjoy a range of different fruit and vegetables, all rich in anti-oxidants. But the most significant thing isn’t what they eat but how much. The Okinawans C_____ known as ‘hara hachi bu’, which translates as ‘eat until you are only 80 % full’.

Scientists refer to this way of eating as ‘caloric restrictions’. No-one knows exactly why it works, but scientists believe it D_____ that there is the danger of famine. This in turn E_____ and so may lead to better preservation and slower aging.

«It’s a stark contrast with the cultural habits that drive food consumption in F____ » says Mr. Willcox. If we look at high streets and supermarkets in most other countries, you will see that he is right. Restaurants offer all-you-can-eat menus and supersize portions. Supermarkets are full of special offers encouraging us to buy more food than we need.

  1. make it a healthy diet

  2. other parts of the world

  3. four times higher than the average

  4. have a cultural tradition

  5. sends a signal to the body

  6. the rest of the population

  7. makes the body protect itself

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Task 45

Beaches of Portugal

 Covering more than 850 km, the Portuguese coast boasts such a large number of fine, white sandy beaches that it is almost impossible to keep count. All bathed by the Atlantic Ocean and all different, their beauty is hard to describe, so there is nothing better A _____.

The most famous are in the Algarve. With three thousand hours of sun per year and warm waters, there are beaches to suit every taste and many dreamlike resorts. The choices are many, from sandy stretches extending as far as the eye can see B ______, the trade image of the region. They are always accompanied by a calm clear sea, C_____.

In Costa da Caparica, the beaches are particularly dear to Lisbonites D _____ for sun and sea bathing. There are deserted beaches here too, of a wild beauty, E ____ nature. In the centre, tourists will find very wide sandy stretches, to which traditional fishing adds a picturesque touch. And further north, the colder waters and the invigorating sea are tempered by the welcoming atmosphere and the clean air of the mountains and the forests.

Despite all their differences, all beaches share one thing – quality. They are safe and offer a wide range of support and recreational services, F ____. And a large number of Portuguese beaches are granted the European blue flag every year, a distinction that is a sign of their excellent conditions.

  1. where one can enjoy close contact with

  2. which meet every need of their users

  3. than to discover them once for oneself

  4. who has never been to this wonderful city

  5. which is ideal for various water sports

  6. to the smaller coves, sheltered by huge cliffs

  7. who have different options around the capital

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Task 46

The Joy of Reading

 Have you ever wondered why people read? Why reading is one of the few things A _____ for thousands of years? Even before reading became available to the general public, stories were told around campfires, passed down from generation to generation.

First of all, stories are a good way to escape from your ordinary life, to get immersed in another world, if only for a little time. While reading, you can imagine yourself in different situations B _____, but in the moment that doesn’t matter. Whether you’re suffering from depression or are just bored, reading is a great distraction.

Similarly, another reason people are attracted to stories, is because they are lonely, very often they feel as if they are the only ones in the world C _____. Identifying with a fictional character can make a big difference in helping a person understand D _____.

Other people read because it can be a good way to relax. It can be very nice to sit down and enjoy a good plot unfold, to watch the actions of fictional characters from the side, and to see the consequences of these actions, E ____.

Lastly, people read because it is the easiest way to gain knowledge in a certain area. Instead of finding a teacher, you can just find a book, sit down, and spend a few hours reading. This way you can study wherever you want, whenever you want F _____.

There are countless books in the world, and whoever you are, whatever you’re feeling, there is definitely a book out there, just waiting for you to discover it.

  1. try to avoid the boredom of life

  2. that has consistently remained part of society

  3. that they are not alone

  4. going through something difficult

  5. without having to bear any responsibility

  6. that range from unlikely to impossible

  7. at your own pace

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Task 47

Peter and Paul Fortress

 The Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, located on small Hare Island, is the historic core of the city. The history of St. Petersburg begins with the history of the fortress.

Since 1700 Russia had been fighting the Northern War against Sweden. By 1703 the lands by the Neva River were conquered. To protect them from the attacks of the Swedes it was necessary to build a strong outpost here. The fortress was founded on Hare Island 16 (27) May, 1703 by joint plan of Peter I and French engineer Joseph-Gaspard Lambert de Guerin. This day is well known A____.

The fortress stretches from west to east with six bastions B____. The Peter’s Gate on the east side, C____, has remained since the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Cathedral, D____ emperors and the monument of Russian baroque, was completed after the death of the emperor, in 1733. The weathervane as a golden angel with a cross, E____, is one of the main symbols of the city. On the opposite side of the cathedral, there is the Mint building, constructed in the time of Paul I by architect A. Porto. Coinage was moved to the fortress F____ in the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Fortress has never directly participated in any fighting. From the very beginning of its existence it was used as a political prison. Since 1924 the Peter and Paul Fortress has been a part of the Museum of the History of St. Petersburg.

  1. as the day of the birth of St. Petersburg

  2. which was designed by D. Trezzini

  3. which was the burial place of Russian

  4. and reminding of the rich history of the city

  5. as the most protected part of the city

  6. which is located on the spire of the cathedral

  7. that are located at the corners

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Task 48

Surviving in a Desert

 A desert is defined as a place that gets less than 250 mm of rain each year. It differs sharply from the climate of a rain forest, A _____.

Arid desert lands cover about one third of the earth’s surface. Most deserts are covered with sand, B _____. There are also usually a lot of rocky areas. This combination of sand and rock means that the soil is not very fertile. C ____, some living things are able to do well in this setting. Many plants have changed and developed in ways D____. These changes have become apparent in a number of ways. Some plants are able to grow very quickly E____. They turn green and produce flowers within just a few days. Other desert plants simply stop growing in very dry weather. They appear to be dead, but when the rain returns, they come back to life and begin growing again.

Desert animals have also developed many characteristics that help them to survive in arid environment. Camels can go for a very long time without drinking. Other animals, such as snakes and rats, find cool places to sleep during the day and come out only at night. The extremely long ears of desert rabbits help them F_____. Changes like these have allowed some animals and plants to grow and develop successfully in a very challenging ecological system: the desert.

There are countless books in the world, and whoever you are, whatever you’re feeling, there is definitely a book out there, just waiting for you to discover it.

  1. which is often in the form of hills called sand dunes

  2. whenever it rains

  3. to find water as far as 25 metres away

  4. which can receive up to 10,000 mm of rain annually

  5. to better distribute their body heat and stay cool

  6. even though the desert environment is very dry and hot

  7. that help them to live in the desert

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Task 49

Nevsky Prospect

 Nevsky Prospect is the main and most famous street of St. Petersburg. The unique architectural ensemble of Nevsky Prospect was formed during the 18th – early 20th centuries. It starts from the bank of the Neva River, runs through the centre of the city and ends at the Neva River. The whole history of St. Petersburg can be seen in the history of the avenue. Nevsky Prospect is 4.5 km long and 25-60 m wide. The narrowest section is located from the Admiralty to the Moika River, A_____.

After the construction of the Admiralty in 1704 and the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in 1710, it was decided to build a road B_____ each other and with the Novgorod Path, which was used by Russian merchants. The construction began on both sides at the same time, the roads were laid through the wood, and in 1760s they were connected into one road, C_____, but with a turn at the Vosstaniya Square. Nevsky Prospect got its name only in 1783. The road was paved with cobble stones, D_____. It was the first street in St. Petersburg with gas lighting. By the early 20th century Nevsky Prospect had become the financial centre of Russia E____ had their offices there.

Nowadays, Nevsky Prospect is the centre of cultural and social life of St. Petersburg. There are museums, theatres, exhibition halls, cinemas, restaurants, cafés, shops F____.

  1. and hotels there or nearby the avenue

  2. showing the original width of the avenue

  3. which was not as straight as it was planned

  4. which were built by famous architects and

  5. connecting these two important structures with

  6. and a few rows of trees were planted along the street

  7. as the 40 largest banks of Russia, Europe and America

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Task 50

Whales in a Noisy Ocean

Whales use sound in very different ways. Some whales produce songs that travel over vast distances. They also use echolocation, like bats, A _____. But other noise in the ocean creates a problem for the whales.

Since 1987, the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) has sent their research vessel Song of the Whale around the world B _____. During the travels, the Song of the Whale scientists have developed expertise C ____ to listen to and record the sounds that the animals make. Thishelps them to track, identify, and survey different species.

One of the threats facing whales and other marine animals is noise pollution in the seas, such as noise from drilling, military activities, oil exploration, and coastal construction. This noise can cause great distress to whales and dolphins and can D _____.

It is feared this noise pollution may cause mass strandings, E _____. If the Song of the Whale team can F ____, then hopefully the nature and location of disturbing noise can be changed.

  1. in using underwater microphones

  2. to locate food and find their way

  3. result in injury and even death

  4. track and identify their habitats

  5. to filter out food from the water

  6. to provide a platform for marine research

  7. when large numbers come ashore

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Task 51

Unique nature of Kamchatka

Kamchatka is a peninsula located in the north-eastern part of Russia. It is surrounded with the Okhotskoye Sea, the Beringovo Sea and the Pacific Ocean. This region has a very unique environment A_____ one is looking for picturesque views, unforgettable travels and unity with nature.

Kamchatka is famous for its volcanoes, B_____. Volcanoes are represented on Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, the most eastern city in the northern hemisphere, coat of arms as well. There are more than 300 volcanoes

in Kamchatka, from 28 up to 36 of them are active, or potentially active. Kamchatka volcanoes are included in the list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

The region is also known C____ — rivers and lakes. Many Kamchatka rivers spring from mountain tops and glaciers, that is why they are very clean, and it is wonderful for those D_____. In general, there are up to 14 thousand rivers and streams, 100 thousand lakes and 414 glaciers in Kamchatka.

Kamchatka is a home to the Valley of Geysers, E_____ geysers in the world, after Icelandic geyser fields. It is not easily accessible, as long as it is too unique to be opened for tourists all the time. The Valley of Geysers’ ecosystem is very vulnerable, F_____ and regulate the visiting. In fact, the larger part of Kamchatka is preserved. There are many nature reserves and nature parks in Kamchatka.

  1. which are depicted on most souvenirs there

  2. so it is necessary to monitor it all the time

  3. who love fishing, including Kamchatka bears

  4. which has the second largest concentration of

  5. to be a place of many water sources

  6. to be a popular nature reserve and health resort

  7. that makes it a place to visit when

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Task 52

The life of Pi

 «The Life of Pi» published in 2001 is the third book by the Canadian author Yann Martel. It has A_____, won several prizes and been translated into forty-one languages.

At the start of the book, we B____ in India. His father owns the city zoo and the family home is in the zoo. When they aren’t at school, Pi and his brother help their father at the zoo and he learns a lot about animals.

When Pi is sixteen, his parents decide to close the zoo and move to Canada. They travel by ship taking the animals with them. On the way, there is C_____. Sadly, Pi’s family and the sailors all die in the storm, but Pi lives and finds himself in a lifeboat with a hyena, zebra, orangutan and an enormous tiger. At first, Pi is scared of the animals and jumps into the ocean. Then he remembers there are sharks in the water and decides to climb back into the lifeboat. One by one, the animals in the lifeboat kill and eat each other, till only Pi and the tiger are left alive. Luckily for Pi, there is D_____, but he soon needs to start catching fish. He feeds the tiger to stop it killing and eating him. He also uses a whistle and E_____ and show it that he’s the boss.

Pi and the tiger spend 227 days in the lifeboat. They live through terrible storms and the burning heat of the Pacific sun. They are often hungry and ill. Finally, they arrive at the coast of Mexico, but you will have to F_____ in the end!

  1. read the book to find out what happens

  2. some food and water on the lifeboat

  3. his knowledge of animals to control the tiger

  4. received an award for being strong

  5. sold seven million copies worldwide

  6. learn about Pi’s childhood in Pondicherry

  7. a terrible storm and the ship sinks

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Task 53

Santa Claus

The man we know as Santa Claus has a history all to his own. Today, he is thought of mainly as the jolly man in red, but his story A_____ the 3rd century to a monk named St. Nicholas. It is believed that Nicholas was born sometime around 280 AD in modern-day Turkey. Much admired for his kindness, St. Nicholas B_____. It is said that he gave away all of his inherited wealth and traveled the countryside helping the poor and sick. Over the course of many years, Nicholas’s popularity spread and he became known as the protector of children and sailors. His feast day C_____ his death, December 6. This was traditionally considered a lucky day to make large purchases or to get married. By the Renaissance, St. Nicholas was the most popular saint in Europe.

St. Nicholas first D______ at the end of the 18th century. The name Santa Claus evolved from a Dutch shortened form of Sint Nikolaas. As his popularity grew, Sinter Klaas was described as everything from a jocker with a blue three-cornered hat, red waistcoat, and yellow stockings to a man wearing a broad-brimmed hat and a huge pair of Flemish trousers.

In the 19th centuries big stores E_____ using images of the newly-popular Santa Claus. In 1841, thousands of children visited a Philadelphia shop to see a life-size Santa Claus model. It F_____ before stores began to attract children, and their parents, with the lure of a peek at the “real-life” Santa Claus with his famous white beard and red gown.

  1. began to advertise Christmas shopping

  2. became the subject of many legends

  3. began dressing up unemployed men in

  4. is celebrated on the anniversary of

  5. was only a matter of time

  6. stretches all the way back to

  7. appeared in American popular culture

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Task 54

Welcome to the Smithsonian

When you visit any of the Smithsonian’s 19 museums and galleries or the National zoo, you are entering the largest museum complex in the world. This complex holds about 137 million unique objects in its trust for the American people.

The Smithsonian was established in 1846 with funds given to the United States by James Smithson, an English scientist. The main idea was to increase and spread knowledge for free. And now all Smithsonian institutions are still devoted to public education, A__________ history.

Ten Smithsonian museums and galleries are located in the centre of the U.S. capital. Six other museums and the National zoo are nearby in the Washington metropolitan area, B__________.

The 19th and the newest museum C__________ is the National Museum of African American history and culture. It is now operating in the form of a virtual museum. Its key feature is the memory book, D__________. These diverse memories are linked to each other and to the museum content, E__________.

The Smithsonian complex is home to the world’s foremost research centres in science, the arts and the humanities. Besides the basic research F__________, there are a number of special facilities. Conservation centre at the zoo studies rare and endangered species, environment centre carries out research in ecosystems in the coastal area.

  1. that is carried on regularly in each of the museums

  2. providing different materials in the arts, science and

  3. placing a spotlight on people and events in African American history

  4. that has been established within the Smithsonian complex

  5. which allows website visitors to upload their own stories or images

  6. and visitors can enjoy watching rare exhibits on

  7. and two museums are situated in New York City

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Task 55

National Gallery of Art

 The National Gallery of Art was created in Washington D.C. for the people of the United States in 1937. It started with the gift of the financier and art collector A__________. His gift also included a building to house the new museum, to be constructed on the National Mall. Opened to the public in 1941, this grand building, B__________, was at the time the largest marble structure in the world.

The newly created National Gallery soon attracted similar gifts from hundreds of other collectors. This tradition of generosity continues to this day with gifts from private donors and artists C__________.

The gallery’s East building contains the collection of modern and contemporary painting, sculpture, D__________. The East and West buildings are connected by an underground tunnel with a moving walkway.

The National Gallery enjoys federal support, E__________, to fulfill its mission to exhibit and interpret great works of European and American art in the nation’s collection. Since its founding, federal funds have fostered the protection and care of the art collection and have supported the gallery’s work, ensuring F__________. Private funding helped to create a renowned collection of works of art and to construct the two landmark buildings. Private support makes possible to arrange a changing programme of special exhibitions.

  1. which is now called the West building

  2. that the gallery brings daily profit to the country

  3. who are willing to share their possessions with the public

  4. who presented old master paintings and sculptures to the country

  5. as well as partnership with private organizations

  6. that the gallery is open daily and free of charge

  7. as well as an advanced research centre and an art library

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Task 56

Healthy school meals

Children at Southdown Infants School in Bath enjoy tasty homemade meals such as roast turkey with fresh vegetables, chicken, salad and fresh fruit for pudding. Vegetables are A ____________. Instead of crisps, chocolate and sweets, the school canteen serves organic carrots, dried fruit and fresh seasonal fruit in bags for 10p, B ______________.

Southdown’s healthy eating initiative began four years ago with the start of a breakfast club.

Now Ms Culley, the head teacher of the school, says that the teachers very clearly see the link between diet and concentration. “Children’s concentration and behaviour C ______________.” The teachers would also like to give the children the experience of eating together. It turned out that some children weren’t used to that.

Pupils are also encouraged to find out more about where their food comes from by  D ______________.

Parents are also involved and are invited in to try school dinners on special occasions, E _______________.

The efforts of staff, pupils and parents to create a healthy eating environment were recognized earlier this month F ______________ the Best School Dinner award.

Ms Culley said: “We are happy to win this award. Healthy eating is at the centre of everything we do. It’s really rewarding to see so many children enjoy real food.”

  1. such as Easter and Christmas

  2. visiting a local farm

  3. local, fresh and organic where possible

  4. provide good quality food

  5. definitely improve after a good meal

  6. and about 100 bags are sold each day

  7. when the school was awarded

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Task 57

Walking is not enough to keep fit

Walking may not be enough on its own to produce significant health benefits, research suggests. A team from Canada’s University of Alberta compared a 10,000-step exercise programme with a more traditional fitness regime of moderate intensity. Researchers found improvements A _______ were significantly higher in the second group. They told an American College of Sports Medicine meeting that gentle exercise was B __________. In total 128 people took C _________. The researchers assessed influence on fitness by measuring blood pressure and lung capacity. They found out the 10,000-step programme did help to get people motivated – and was an excellent way to start D _________. But to increase the effectiveness, some intensity must be added to their exercise. “Across your day, while you are achieving those 10,000 steps, take 200 to 400 of them at a faster pace. You’ve got to do more than light exercise and include regular moderate activity, and don’t be shy to have an occasional period of time at an energetic level.” The researchers were concerned there was too much focus E __________, rather than on its intensity.

Professor Stuart Biddle, an expert in exercise science at the University of Loughborough, said it was possible that the current guidelines on how much exercise to take were set too low. “However, you have got to find F ____. The harder you make it, the fewer people will actually do it.” Professor Biddle said there was no doubt that energetic exercise was the way to get fit, but volume rather than intensity might be more useful in tackling issues such as obesity.

  1. part in the project

  2. taking exercise

  3. gave marked health benefits

  4. in fitness levels

  5. on simply getting people to take exercise

  6. not enough to get fit

  7. a compromise between physiology and psychology

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Task 58

Double-decker Bus

A double-decker bus is a bus that has two levels. While double-decker long-distance buses are in widespread use around the world, A ____. Double-decker buses are popular in some European cities and in some parts of Asia, usually in former British colonies. Many towns around the world have a few that specialize in short sight-seeing tours for tourists because, as William Gladstone observed, «the way to see London is from the top of a ‘bus'».

Double-decker buses are taller than other buses. They are extensively used in the United Kingdom, B _____, removed from normal service in December 2005 — they still operate on heritage routes. Elsewhere in Europe, double-deckers are used throughout the Dublin Bus network in Ireland, where they are making a comeback on Dublin’s outer suburban routes and also the streets of Cork, Limerick, Galway and Waterford. They are a common sight in Berlin, where the BVG makes extensive use of them. Double-decker long-distance coaches are also in widespread use throughout Europe.

Most buses in Hong Kong and about half in Singapore are double-deckers as well. The only areas in North America that C _____ are the western Canadian province of British Columbia and the United States city of Las Vegas. They are currently being tested in Ottawa on the express routes. The city of Davis, California, in the United States uses vintage double-decker buses for public transport. Davis, California is also home to the first vintage double-decker bus converted from diesel gasoline to run on CNG. The city of Victoria, BC, the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, and a couple of others use Dennis Tridents. A few are also used as tour buses, especially in New York. Double-deckers are have also been used in Mumbai since 1937.

In Brazil, D _____, some companies use double-decker buses. Double-deckers are not a good option for use outside the towns (most roads in Brazil are in very poor condition), and E _____.

Double-decker buses are in widespread use in India in many of the major cities. Some double-decker buses F _____, with no roof and shallow sides. These are popular for sightseeing tours.

  1. double-deckers are adored by thousands of tourists

  2. use double-decker buses for public transport

  3. double-decker city buses are less common

  4. where perhaps the most famous was the London Routemaster

  5. their use is being discouraged by transportation authorities

  6. have an open upper deck

  7. where buses are sometimes the only interstate transport

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Task 59

Natural Links In a Long Chain of Being

I believe we are not alone.

Even if I am on the other side of the world from the farmhouse I live in, I still dream of the ancient vines out the window, and the shed out back that my grandfather’s father built in 1870 with eucalyptus trunks. As long as I can recreate these images, A ____

All of us need some grounding in our modern world of constant moving, buying, selling, meeting and leaving. Some find constancy in religion, others in friends or community. But we need some daily signposts that we are not different, not better, B ____

For me, this house, farm, these ancient vines are those roots. Although I came into this world alone and will leave alone, I am not alone. 

There are ghosts of dozens of conversations in the hallways, stories I remember about buying new plows that now rust in the barnyard and ruined crops from the same vines C ____

All of us are natural links in a long chain of being, and that I need to know what time of day it is, what season is coming, whether the wind is blowing north or from the east, and if the moon is still full tomorrow night, D _____

The physical world around us constantly changes, E _____. We must struggle in our brief existence to find some transcendent meaning and so find relief in the knowledge F _____.

You may find that too boring, living with the past as present. I find it refreshing. There is an old answer to every new problem, that wise whispers of the past are with us. If we just listen and remember, we are not alone; we have been here before.

  1. I never quite leave home

  2. but human nature does not

  3. that we are now harvesting

  4. but we as well as our heart did not

  5. not worse than those who came before us

  6. just as the farmers who came before me did

  7. that our ancestors have gone through this before

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Task 60

The Show Begins

My Uncle Jim took me to all the Broadway shows in New York City, and I was star struck! Actually he wasn’t my real uncle – that’s just what we called him. He was a close friend of my parents. He was a bit stocky with red hair, A _________.

I remember the theaters on Broadway, B __________. The curtains were made of this real heavy, dark red material. There were huge chandelier lights hanging from the ceiling. The walls were dark, paneled wood. The seats were red and cushy C __________.

The orchestra sat at the base of the stage in a pit. I usually went down to the front to see the musicians D __________. They were all crammed into such a tiny space. I played the flute myself and my dad kept encouraging me that if I kept it up, E ___________. But truly, I didn’t want to be tucked away down there. I wanted to be on top, front and center.

Most people dressed rather finely, and certain fragrances took center stage as various women passed by. The sounds of the audience F __________ at their seats were clearly heard while last minute patrons filled in. There was electricity in the air and then the lights would go down and up, and you knew it was time for the show to get started. The lights dimmed. The music began. And you were swept up into a whole new world. I loved it!

  1. I could be playing down there someday

  2. and set real close together

  3. which were so old and posh

  4. and he had a beard and moustache

  5. I wasn’t that good at music

  6. getting ready and warming up

  7. laughing and chattering away

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Task 61

Scouting moves ahead

The Scout Movement, which is also known as the Boy Scouts has changed massively in more than 100 years, though many people do not realise this.

For many people in Britain the word “scouting” evokes images of boys in short trousers A__________. Many people imagine that the Scout Association and its female counterpart the Guides Association are old-fashioned. They think these associations are for people B__________ than the future, people who just like camping in the rain and washing in cold water.

It’s quite easy to understand why Scouts and Guides have this sort of image. The “Boy Scouts” were founded over 100 years ago by Robert Baden-Powell, a retired English army general; the “Girl Guides” followed three years later. They were organised in an almost military manner. Young people had to learn discipline and how to do things as a group. They C__________ in difficult conditions, learnt to make campfires and, yes, they certainly had to get used to washing in cold water. In those days though, that D__________ many people washed in cold water.

Nevertheless, even at the start, there was much more to scouting than that. Scouts and Guides also learned the value of solidarity. Right from the start, they had to cope with difficult situations, E__________, and play a useful part in society. Baden-Powell’s organisations were inclusive, and never exclusive; any young person could become a Scout or a Guide, regardless of race, background or religion.

Though the Scout and Guide movements began in England, they soon spread to other countries, and within 50 years, scouting F__________ with young people all over the world.

  1. who are more interested in the past

  2. and girls in blue uniforms

  3. that were generally better

  4. was not particularly unusual as

  5. went on camping expeditions

  6. interact with other people

  7. had become a popular activity

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Task 62

Skip the sun, get a glow the healthy way

Everyone at some point has wanted a “healthy glow,” whether it’s a must-have for summer, or a vacation, the thought of tan skin has crossed the minds of millions. If you are pale, it A__________. There is wild excitement when after a day in the sun your skin is tan, not burnt. Surely everyone is familiar with the famous conversation upon the realization that you got fried at the beach. Your friends reassure you with “Don’t worry it B__________.” It may all seem like fun and games at the time, but alarming new research C__________.

Some tan-seekers do it the old-fashioned way, grab a towel and hit the pool or beach. Recently, millions of young girls D__________ instead. Regardless of how the tan is achieved, any change in skin coloring is evidence of skin cell damage. This can lead to cancer. According to the Skin Cancer Foundation, melanoma, or skin cancer, among people aged 18 to 39 has risen dramatically. In the United States the number of skin cancer cases due to tanning, is higher than the number of lung cancer cases due to smoking.

While it is true that being outside and active is great for your body and the sun does provide vitamin D, everyone’s health still needs protecting. However, it’s E__________, limit time spent in direct sunlight, between the hours of 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., and wear sunscreen at all times. A fashionable option is the sun hat: both elegant and fun. Big floppy hats may seem ridiculous at first, but F__________.

Another advice is to look into sunless tanners: They are cheap and in no way endanger the lives of users. So, fake it, don’t bake it!

  1. takes a lot of time and effort to tan

  2. have been turning to tanning beds

  3. they are actually quite classy accessories

  4. better to avoid indoor tanning

  5. have inspired people to get their skin checked

  6. will eventually turn into a tan

  7. has taken the healthy out of healthy glow

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Task 63

Grant-making agency

The National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) is an independent grant-making agency of the United States government. Established in 1965, it is one of the largest sources of grant funds for humanities projects and programs in the U.S. NEH promotes knowledge of the history, thought, and culture, not only of the United States, A__________.

NEH grants facilitate research and original scholarship, strengthen teaching and learning in the humanities in American schools and colleges, give opportunities for citizens to engage in lifelong learning, B__________.

The Endowment is directed by a chairman, C__________ and confirmed by the U.S. Senate for a term of four years. Advising the chairman is the National Council on the Humanities, a board of 26 distinguished private citizens D__________ with the advice of the Senate. The National Council members serve six-year terms.

NEH grants are typically awarded to U.S. cultural institutions, such as museums, archives, libraries, colleges, universities, and public television and radio stations, E__________. Eligibility is limited to U.S. non-profit institutions and to U.S. citizens and foreigners F__________ prior to the time of application. Grants are awarded through a competitive process. The chairman takes into account the advice provided by the review process and, by law, makes all funding decisions.

  1. who is appointed by the president

  2. but of other countries of the world

  3. but in every aspect of social sciences

  4. who are also appointed by the president

  5. who have been living in the U.S. for three years

  6. as well as to individual scholars of the humanities

  7. as well as provide access to cultural and educational resources

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Task 64

The Bonfire Night

The 5th of November has always had a very special place in my heart. More important than New Year’s Eve, but probably less important than the Olympics ceremonies, the 5th of November every year is A __________ all over the country to go wild!

The night of the 5th is often cold and damp and parents wrap up their children in layers of jumpers, coats, hats, scarves and gloves. They fuss over the littlest B __________ aren’t scared. They comfort their pets and give them a safe place to curl up inside, away from the cacophony about to start outside.

Outside the bonfire is C __________ up your nose. If you’re lucky, there might be some pumpkin soup left over from Halloween to warm you up, because in spite of all the layers and the excitement, you’ll still need warming up until the bonfire gets going!

When it’s absolutely dark and the bonfire is blazing, the children and parents huddle together in groups, staring up at the sky. What are they waiting for? The screech of the first firework deafens them all and D __________. The “oohs” and “aaahs” of the crowd keep perfect time with the “kabooms” of the rockets. With every firework that lights up the sky, parents watch the delight grow on their children’s faces and sigh with relief.

After the grand finale, they make their way home with the noises still echoing in their ears. An extra special treat E __________! Waving them through the chilly air, spelling out names and drawing pictures, even the oldest members of the family remember how to be kids!

This is what the 5th of November means to me. Every year, it F __________ such bright and colourful fireworks and heard such loud bangs. I really hope I never grow out of it!

  1. differences in traditions

  2. children and hope that they

  3. the day for fireworks lovers

  4. the explosion lights up the sky

  5. feels like the first time I’ve seen

  6. waits at home though: sparklers

  7. lit and the smell of smoke creeps

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

3

2

7

4

6

5

Task 65

Earth-sheltered homes

Earth-sheltered or simply underground homes are one of those creations by man, which brings him closer to nature. Unlike the normal traditional houses that A __________, these earth-sheltered homes are built using the shelter of the ground. Earth-sheltered homes can be easily made in hilly areas.

The basic idea behind the construction of such a house is that they are built with the idea of B ________ and each of these homes is built entirely different from each other.

The construction of these homes is usually done according to the shape of the area where the house is built. Their designs C ________ to the nature. The early earth houses which were initially built lacked windows. Modern day earth-sheltered homes though have windows as well as any other facility that the people living there might require.

Some of the major benefits of earth-sheltered homes are that they are naturally insulating. This makes them cool in the summer and cozy and warm in the winter. Another advantage D __________ and are well protected from earthquakes as well as wind-storms. Many earth-sheltered homes are also defended against intruders since there is usually only one entry.

As everything has its pros and cons, earth-sheltered homes also do. The interior decoration of these homes, like placing the furniture or huge paintings, E __________. These homes also have dark spaces inside and for this reason, lots of lighting is essential.

Earth-sheltered homes are one of the greenest housing designs that combines Mother Nature with eco-friendly F __________.

  1. are built on the ground

  2. are usually very organic

  3. is being built facing south

  4. being environmentally friendly

  5. building materials and lifestyle

  6. is that these homes are safe from fire

  7. can be difficult due to the construction

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

1

4

2

6

7

5

Task 66

Australia

Australia is one of the world’s most ethnically diverse nations. Nearly a quarter of the people who live in Australia A __________. They come from the United Kingdom and other European countries, but also from China, Vietnam, North Africa, and the Middle East.

First people arrived in Australia about 50,000 years ago. They B __________ land bridges when sea levels were lower. The next to land in Australia were Dutch explorers. They came in 1606. In 1788 the British began to settle there. Many settlers C __________ as punishment. For a short time, the newcomers lived peacefully with the Aboriginal people.

In 1851, gold was discovered in Australia. A rush to find riches brought D __________ 1859, six separate colonies were created which later became part of the British Commonwealth.

Australian culture is founded on stories of battlers, bushrangers and brave soldiers. Today E __________ its Aboriginal heritage, vibrant mix of cultures, innovative ideas and a thriving ecosystem.

Australia’s ecosystem is an unusual one because of its remote location. As a result, there are F __________ and nowhere else in the world, such as kangaroo and koala.

One of Australia’s most amazing sites rises like an enormous whale’s back from a flat desert called the Red Center. It is a sacred natural formation at the heart of the country and the largest rock in the world!

  1. Australia is one of the most

  2. were born in other countries

  3. Australia also defines itself by

  4. many animal species that occur here

  5. may have travelled from Asia across

  6. thousands of new immigrants, and by

  7. were criminals sent to live in Australia

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

2

5

7

6

3

4

Task 67

Living nature in Madeira

Right in the middle of the Atlantic, the islands of Madeira and Porto Santo are a haven of natural beauty. The exotic colours of the flowers stand out from among the blue sea and the emerald green vegetation. This is an archipelago where the big territory is a protected area and A __________ is located.

The Madeira Natural Park was created in 1982 to preserve this vast natural heritage, a worldwide rarity. The park is classified as a Biogenetic Reserve, B __________, with some rare species such as the mountain orchid, unique in the world, and also some exotic large trees. To visit this park is to discover Nature! The park covers about two-thirds of the island, making Madeira a truly ecological destination.

The springtime temperature, C __________, cries out for open air activities. Visitors can go for a walk in the park, visit the city of Funchal or roam freely around the island. Boat rides are an excellent way of D __________. In such a naturally welcoming environment, balance and well-being are taken for granted. Madeira offers various tourist complexes E __________.

Popular feasts, F __________, are opportunities to appreciate traditional gastronomic flavours and see Madeira partying, especially for the Carnival parades, the Flower festival, the Atlantic festival and, above all, the end-of-year fireworks display.

  1. which is felt all year round

  2. which take place in Madeira all year round

  3. where the largest laurel forest in the world

  4. admiring the coastline from a different perspective

  5. where one can find a unique range of flora and fauna

  6. choosing this holiday destination for its natural beauty

  7. that have prime conditions for boating and scuba diving

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

3

5

1

4

7

2

Task 68

Wild animals in cities

Have you ever seen bears in Vancouver parks, leopards on the streets of Mumbai or wild pigs in gardens in Berlin? Recently, there A __________ on TV about big animals coming into towns and cities. What happens when wild animals come into our cities? Is it dangerous for us and the animals?

Wild animals usually come into cities to look for food. In Cape Town, South Africa, baboons sometimes come into the suburbs. They eat fruit from gardens and go into people’s kitchens and take food from cupboards and fridges! Baboons are B __________ children and fight with pet dogs. Many people do not like them, but the city can be dangerous for baboons too. Sometimes, baboons are C __________ human food can be very bad for their teeth. The city council in Cape Town has a team of Baboon Monitors whose job is to find baboons D ___________ to the countryside. This makes the city safer for people and is healthier for the baboons. However, the main problem is that a lot of baboons will come back to the city to find food again.

In Berlin, Germany, groups of wild pigs have come into the city for hundreds of years, but now the winters are warmer, there are even more pigs than in the past. Pigs eat flowers and plants and dig in gardens and parks in the city. They also E __________ accidents. Some city residents like the pigs and give them food. But the city council is worried about the traffic accidents, so they F __________ have put up fences to stop the pigs coming into the city.

  1. cause lots of problems

  2. in the city and take them back

  3. walk in the street and cause traffic

  4. hurt in car accidents and the sugar in

  5. strong animals and sometimes they scare

  6. have been many reports in newspapers and

  7. have told people to stop giving the pigs food and

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

6

5

4

2

3

7

Task 69

Europe’s best hidden gems

There are incredible destinations in Europe known worldwide, such as Amsterdam and its canals, London and its museums, its shopping and atmosphere, or Paris, the City of Light. Europe also has thousands of hidden treasures. There is a wide selection of the finest unknown destinations in Europe, from Lugano in Switzerland  A __________.

Lugano is an international city, the crossroads and melting pot of European culture. It constitutes one of the most interesting regions to be discovered. Lugano is not only Switzerland’s third most important financial centre,  B __________ old buildings.

The area of Cinque Terre in Italy represents one of the best preserved natural sights of the Mediterranean. Human activity has contributed to creating a unique landscape in which the development of typical stone walls is so extensive C __________. All this, D __________, makes the Cinque Terre an increasingly popular location among Italian and foreign tourists.

Sintra is a jewel set between the mountains and the sea, waiting to be discovered by tourists E __________, luxuriant nature and cosmopolitan cultural offer. Sintra has a wonderful charm that left a deep impression on the soul and work of the writers F __________. Sintra is truly the capital of Romanticism. It is a place to be experienced by everyone!

  1. but showed evidence of an early human housing

  2. to Cinque Terre in Italy and Sintra in Portugal

  3. as to equal that of the famous Great Wall of China

  4. but also a town of parks and flowers, villas and

  5. who want to be lost in its majestic historical heritage

  6. combined with the beauty of a crystal clear sea

  7. who pioneered the Romantic spirit in the eighteenth century

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

2

4

3

6

5

7

Task 70

Beautiful cities of Italy

The political and cultural centre of Italy is the ‘Eternal City’, Rome. Ever since the Roman Empire, as its capital, Rome has become famous as a centre of European culture. The most striking sights of Rome are, of course, the Colosseum and the Forum. Once the Colosseum was able to receive about 50 thousand spectators, A __________ and concert halls. The Pantheon, the old temple of all gods, B __________, is also located in Rome.

The second most important town in Italy is Milan. Milan is the capital of fashion and C __________, exhibitions and conferences. The main attraction of Milan is its Cathedral Square, where the monument to the King Victor Emmanuel II is installed. Theatre fans will not be left disappointed by visiting the Theatre of La Scala.

The most popular city among tourists is Venice. The city is unique because it has more than 120 islands, D __________ and 400 bridges. Venice has been known for more than fifteen hundred years, and for E __________. The main area of the city is Saint Mark’s Square with the Cathedral of San Marco. One of the most beautiful buildings in Venice is the Palace of Doges. The other famous attraction is the Grand Canal F______.

In addition to this, there are such beautiful cities in Italy as Naples, Turin, Florence, Genoa, Pisa and the islands of Sardinia and Sicily. All of them are outstanding places to visit.

  1. that is the largest in Venice

  2. which was built in the early I century

  3. that everyone is dreaming about this trip

  4. which is comparable with modern stadiums

  5. which are сonnected by more than 150 canals

  6. the venue for major international festivals

  7. that time it produced a lot of attractions

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

4

2

6

5

7

1

Task 71

City of fountains

 Peterhof is a monument of world architecture and palace and park art. Peterhof includes a palace and park ensemble of the 18-19th centuries, A__________. Peterhof is a city of fountains as it contains 173 fountains and 4 cascades B__________. Each year up to 3 million people come here to enjoy the splendour of numerous fountains and the unique parks of Peterhof.

The name Peterhof was first mentioned in 1705. It was a coastal manor, close to which the construction of a grand country residence began. The original plan belonged to Peter the Great. After the brilliant victory of Russian troops over the Swedes, security of St. Petersburg both from the land C__________. Since that time, the construction of the Peterhof residence grew immensely in scope.

According to the plan of Peter the Great, on the one hand, Peterhof was meant to be equal in splendour with the most famous royal residences in Europe, D__________ to access the Baltic Sea. Both were successfully done. The Great Palace was built on a natural hill here, E__________. Following the plan of Peter the Great, F__________, the Grand Cascade with the famous Samson fountain was constructed. This is still one of the most spectacular fountains in the world. In 1990 the palaces and parks of Peterhof were included in the list of the world heritage of UNESCO.

  1. and from the sea has been firmly ensured

  2. which is a former royal countryside residence

  3. who designs many royal residences in Europe

  4. and then rebuilt in the baroque style in the 18th century

  5. who wanted to decorate the main entrance with waterfalls

  6. that are located in the park on the coast of the Gulf of Finland

  7. and on the other hand, to become a monument of Russia’s struggle

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

2

6

1

7

4

5

Task 72

Sights of Sochi

 Sochi is unique among other Russian cities because it has many aspects of a subtropical resort. Apart from the scenic Caucasus Mountains, pebble and sand beaches, the city attracts tourists with its vegetation, numerous parks, monuments, and extravagant architecture. About two million people visit Greater Sochi each summer, A__________. The famous Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, B__________, lies just north from the city.

Popularity of Sochi among tourists is largely explained by the beauty of its surroundings. Walking along the river Agura, everyone will admire the nature around, C__________, and amazing waterfalls. From the bridge over the Agura opens a magnificent view to the lowest Agura waterfall. In the shady Agura gorge tourists will feel the gentle coolness, D__________.

Akhun Mountain the biggest in the region has a beautiful tower on the top. The height of the tower is more than 30 metres, E__________ are stunning. The observation platform on the top of the tower gives a chance to take superb pictures of the city. Every year thousands of people visit this stone tower, F__________ the perfect view of the Black Sea coast and the Caucasus Mountains. It is a truly unforgettable experience. Tourists will enjoy visiting all the sights and the resort itself, full of exotic green and the boundless blue of the Black Sea. 

  1. and the views that open from it

  2. which is built on the top to give visitors

  3. when the subtropical resort is almost empty

  4. which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

  5. enjoying the sound of birds singing and waterfalls gurgling

  6. when the city is home to the annual film festival “Kinotavr”

  7. including high cliffs, exotic vegetation, breathtaking canyons

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

6

4

7

5

1

2

Task 73

Saint Petersburg

 A city of palaces and museums, broad avenues and narrow canals, St. Petersburg’s short history is rich in architectural and artistic treasures. Alongside world-famous attractions such as the Hermitage and St. Isaac’s Cathedral, the city has a lot of equally interesting buildings A__________. St. Petersburg is considered to be Russia’s cultural capital. It reflects the country’s extraordinary fate like no other city.

St. Petersburg is a relatively young city, by both Russian and European standards, as B__________. Despite its short life, the city has a rich history. From the early days of Peter the Great to modern times, the city has always bustled with life and intrigue.

Lying across the delta of the Neva River, St. Petersburg, the Venice of the North, is a city C__________, some of which are well-known for their unique history. Bridges are an essential part of the city’s architectural make-up. Among the city’s over 500 bridges, there are numerous technological masterpieces. The centre of the city offers vast areas of green space, D__________.

St. Petersburg is a beautiful and fascinating holiday destination and one E__________. Whether to visit the city in a romantic and snowy Russian winter F__________, visitors will be spellbound by 
St. Petersburg’s culture and beauty. 

  1. that is built on hundreds of islands

  2. or during the dazzling white nights in summer

  3. it was only founded in 1703 by Tsar Peter the Great

  4. or considering a variety of the trip accommodation offers

  5. that reveal the mysterious and tragic genius of St. Petersburg

  6. of the most intriguing and historically significant cities in Europe

  7. including beautiful historic gardens and extensive leisure parks

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

5

3

1

7

6

2

Task 74

State Hermitage Museum

 The Hermitage is St. Petersburg’s most popular visitor attraction, and one of the world’s largest and most prestigious museums. It is a must-see for all first-time travellers to the city. With over 3 million items in its collection, it also rewards repeat visits, A__________ of the riches on offer here, from Impressionist masterpieces to fascinating Oriental treasures. It was estimated B__________ on display for just one minute. So many visitors prefer a guided tour to ensure C__________ highlights. Art-lovers, however, may find it more rewarding to seek out for themselves the works D__________.

The bulk of the Hermitage collection is housed in the Winter Palace, E__________. However, there are a number of other sites that constitute part of the Hermitage, including the recently opened Storage Facility in the north of St. Petersburg. It offers guided tours through some of the museum’s vast stocks. The magnificent General Staff Building opposite the Winter Palace is most famous for its central triumphal arch, F__________ Nevsky Prospekt. The General Staff Building contains a number of unique exhibitions. It includes the Modern European Art, probably the most visited section of the Hermitage with well-known collections of Picasso and Matisse, as well as a wealth of popular Impressionist paintings. 

  1. that they are particularly interested in

  2. that they have time to catch all the collection’s

  3. and new-comers can only hope to get a brief taste

  4. which brings pedestrians out on to Palace Square from

  5. that one would need eleven years to view each exhibit

  6. which was the official residence of the Russian emperors

  7. and the exhibition was often visited by military historians

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

3

5

2

1

6

4

Task 75

Letniy Sad

 Letniy Sad (The Summer Garden) is a park ensemble, a monument of landscape art of the 18th century. Letniy Sad is the oldest park in St. Petersburg. The park was founded by Peter I in 1704. The Tsar dreamed of his own Versailles and drew its original plan himself. He planned to create a regular, architectural park with accurate layout and straight paths. Prominent architects and gardeners took part in its creation. The park was supposed to become a place of relaxation, A__________.

Letniy Sad is surrounded by water. Natural boundary of the park from the north and east are the Neva and Fontanka Rivers, B__________.

Peter I brought sculptures from Italy for the park and was very proud of them. In the 18th century there were more than two hundred sculptures, C__________, or moved to suburban royal residences and the Hermitage. Now Letniy Sad is decorated with 90 sculptures – copies made of artificial marble.

In May, 2012 Letniy Sad was opened after reconstruction. The reconstruction work had been going on for about three years, D__________ Letniy Sad as it was in the 18th century. Among the new items in Letniy Sad, there is the Archaeological Museum, E__________ during the restoration of the park. Visitors can take a tour of the park F__________ on Sundays. 

  1. and restorers have done everything possible to keep

  2. combining the features of urban and suburban estates

  3. which are planned to be the centre of scientific research

  4. which contains interesting objects found by archaeologists

  5. but later many of them were either destroyed in the flood

  6. and enjoy the exhibitions and performances of a brass band

  7. and from the south and west – the Moika River and the Lebyazhiy Canal

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

2

7

5

1

4

6

55

1. Higher chances of getting a job
2. Planning the best time to take a gap year
3. How much does a gap year cost?
4. Gap year now and then
5. How will it benefit you?
6. Gap year ideas
7. Top gap year destinations
8. Year out risks

A) Traditionally, the phrase ‘gap year’ meant a period of time taken out by students after leaving college and before starting university. Today, gap years can be taken at any stage, by anyone, and for varying amounts of time. You can fly off to sunnier climates and experience different cultures or stay closer to home and sample what the UK has to offer. Whatever your destination some examples of gap year activities include conservation work, adventure travel programmes, summer schools and internships.

B) Passionate about preserving the planet? Then conservation work may be for you. If physical work doesn’t faze you, agricultural projects ranging from harvesting crops to assisting farmers might give you a sense of satisfaction. If art, drama or music is your thing then this could be the gap year route for you. Whether you’re looking to stay at home or spread your wings further afield, opportunities for charity work, adventure travel and paid work are endless. Question what you want to take from your experience and play to your strengths.

C) The world’s most popular gap year hotspots can be found all around the globe. When deciding what time of year to travel, think about festivals or religious observances that you should be aware of. You should loosely plan your itinerary, including any must-see attractions, activities or work abroad experiences’ that you definitely want to do. Whether you aim to visit the exotic jungles or coastal deserts of Peru, go on the grand tour of Europe, explore the stunning landscapes of Southern Asia you can make the most of your time and enjoy an exciting adventure.

D) Without a clear plan, gap years can become a time to binge on burgers. This is obviously not what you want. If you are going to take a gap year, make sure you have a plan and are doing it for the right reasons. It’s best to look for a volunteer or gap year organization that specializes in these sorts of things. Just double-check that the organization you sign up for is credible! Also, make sure you have something solid to come back to. Consider applying for college when you leave but deferring your enrollment. This will keep you from drifting.

E) Employers will look at hundreds of applications, so you’ll need something to make yours stand out, and a gap year can do just that. Explaining what you did with your time will not only catch their eye — it should also give you interesting examples to draw upon at the interview. One thing that impresses employers is that graduates come back more mature and with more insight into themselves and the world. Many companies will look favourably on applicants who have used their year out to gain valuable knowledge.

F) The definition of a gap year has certainly changed in recent years to adapt to trends in the job market, but the advantages remain unchanged. In an increasingly competitive world, the experiences gained on a gap year have never been more significant. A gap year is a great time to improve your language skills. Whether you fancy surfing, filmmaking, or even cookery this is your chance to broaden your horizons, learn a new craft and increase your confidence and independence.

G) Taking a gap year before college is great way to renew your motivation and interest in study. Having a year out during college can be a great way to clarify your direction in education. A gap year after college can contribute to longer term happiness in the job you are hoping to land. The only real risk you run in deciding when to take a gap year, is deciding not to take one at all. The most regretful people are those who felt wanderlust uprising, and squashed it. So what are you waiting for? Stride off into the sunset to your gap year programme abroad!

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Practice Test 12

ЧАСТЬ 1 – АУДИРОВАНИЕ

3Вы услышите девушку, рассказывающую о своём путешествии в Южную Америку. В заданиях А8–А14 обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

14A8 The narrator wanted to go to South America because 1 she had enjoyed working on a project about it.

2 she wanted to see the nature there. 3 her father had told her a lot about it.

15A9 The narrator’s parents were worried that she 1 would get homesick while she was away. 2 wouldn’t come back from South America. 3 wanted to travel by herself.

16A10 The narrator says that she was surprised by

1 how well she did in her exams.

2 how long her trip took to plan.

3 how relaxed her parents were about the trip.

17A11 The narrator decided to do volunteer work because 1 some friends recommended it to her.

2 she thought it would be the most enjoyable way to spend her time. 3 she thought it would impress future employers.

18A12 Regarding her time in the mountain village, the narrator suggests that 1 it passed very quickly.

2 she would have liked to stay longer.

3 it had made her want to become a teacher.

19A13 The narrator says that she is glad that, while on her trip, she 1 spent time getting to know the locals.

2 knew how to speak some Spanish.

3 visited every country in South America.

20A14 Now that she is back from her trip, the narrator 1 is keen to travel again.

2 is recovering from an illness she caught in South America. 3 is considering going to university in South America.

93

ЧАСТЬ 2 – ЧТЕНИЕ

Practice Test 12

1Установите соответствие между заголовками A–Н и текстами 1–7. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу B2. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

A A better method

B Responsible shopping

C Lucky winners

DHelp from nature

1 Two families – one from London, and one from Liverpool – have won last night’s national lottery. Speaking from outside their home in London’s East End, Mr and Mrs Miller said that they will ‘not let the money change their lives’ and that they will both be at work as usual on Monday morning. The Liverpool family, who do not wish to be named, plan to move abroad.

2 For many years now, Changi Airport in Singapore has been voted the world’s best airport by airline travellers. Changi Airport does not simply provide travellers with wonderful restaurants and shops in a calm and pleasant atmosphere. You can also swim in its rooftop swimming pool, have a massage in one of its spas, sit quietly in the ‘garden’ area of its main hall, or watch TV in comfortable chairs while waiting for your flight.

3Before the invention of the compass, sailors looked to the sun in the daytime and to the stars at night to help them find their way across the oceans. For example, by locating Polaris (or ‘the North Star’) in the night sky, sailors could identify the direction of North. This is because Polaris never moves from its position in the night sky directly above the North Pole.

4Long ago, zoos obtained their animals by going out into the wild and capturing them. Today, this happens very rarely. For one thing, it is extremely stressful for the animals involved and there is a high risk of injury.

E A great shopping experience

F Working to protect animals

G Everything you need

H Waiting in comfort

Also, wild animals often carry diseases that would harm the other animals in the zoo. Today, therefore, most zoos get their animals from the captive breeding programmes of other zoos.

5Gyms these days are full of all kinds of fancy exercise equipment; treadmills, rowing machines, exercise bikes, resistance machines and much more. But the biggest gyms also have swimming pools, steam rooms and cafeterias. They offer classes in yoga, dance, aerobics and many other forms of exercise. And they have expert trainers on hand to answer all your fitness questions.

6Here is one thing that we can all do to help species that are close to extinction. When travelling overseas, be very careful not to buy any souvenirs that have been made from species nearing extinction. This means avoiding purchasing items made from ivory, coral and fur and also ‘medicinal’ products as they often contain rhino, tiger and bear parts.

7Wildlife parks and zoos are very educational places but perhaps their greatest purpose is the conservation of endangered species. Animal centres all around the world work together in order to breed rare and endangered species. For example, today there are only a few hundred giant pandas left in the wild. If breeding programmes and conservation efforts are successful, future generations may still be able to see these beautiful animals in the flesh, not just in books.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

B2 C

H

D

A

G

B

F

94

Practice Test 12

ЧАСТЬ 2 – ЧТЕНИЕ

2 Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1–6 частями предложений, обозначенными буквами A–G. Одна из частей в списке А–G лишняя. Занесите букву, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу B3.

In 2004, a grave containing the skeletons of a human and a cat, lying close together, was excavated in Cyprus.

The grave was around 9,500 years old, 1) …….. .

The ancient Egyptians kept cats as pets,

2) …….. .

People often placed statues of cats outside their homes, 3) …….. . When a cat died, their former owners and the other occupants of the house would go into deep mourning and would often even shave their eyebrows as a sign of grief.

Moreover, cats were frequently mummified and bowls of milk and dead rats and mice were placed in their tombs, 4) …….. .

Awhich seems very strange to modern cultures

Band showed that cats had been kept by humans for far longer than we had previously thought

Cso that they would have food for their journey into the afterlife

Das they kept rats and mice away from homes

Cats were so respected in ancient Egypt that they were even protected by law. People could be sentenced to death if they killed a cat, 5) …….. .

One record documents the execution of an unfortunate Roman soldier whose chariot had run over a cat.

There are many tomb scenes that show cats as part of everyday life in ancient Egypt. They often showed them wearing jewellery including earrings, necklaces and fancy collars. The Egyptians even took their cats on hunting expeditions, 6) …….. .

Today, it is estimated that there are over 600 million domestic cats around the world, which makes the cat the most popular of all pets. However, the cat no longer has any religious significance in any culture.

Eand they also worshipped the cat like one of their gods

Fbecause they believed that this would protect the inhabitants

G even by accident

1

2

3

4

5

6

B3 B

E

F

C

G

A

95

ЧАСТЬ 2 – ЧТЕНИЕ

Practice Test 12

3Прочитайте рассказ и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.

A New Life

“Are you looking for a room?” the man had asked. We’d only just got off the bus. Ian was still pulling the bags out of the luggage

prices,” the man

A15

We’d been all around the country that summer, finding temporary work to pay for our travels. Ian had grown up in a village, so

A16

the local farmers had been happy to hire him to help them out for a week or two. I’m a city boy myself, but because I’m pretty well-built I didn’t have a problem either. Of course, that meant that I got all the heavy work!

Once we had collected our bags, we followed the man up a nearby side-street. He didn’t stop talking the whole way. After a few twists

That first night we strolled around the town to see what opportunities there might be for work. Our last job had given us enough to live off for a few weeks so we weren’t desperate,

A19

possible. Everyone we met was very friendly and we went back to our rooms feeling quite optimistic.

Within a couple of days, I had started work

at a fish restaurant in the town washing up the

A20

pots and dishes. Maybe it wasn’t the best job in the world, but after weeks of manual labour in the fields it was a welcome change. I could watch the chef preparing the food and sometimes, when the restaurant was particularly busy, I would help him. He knew

these rooms would be too expensive for us. The man must have read my thoughts. “Now, normally I’d be asking twice as much for these rooms,” he began, “but you’re in luck because the tourist season is practically over.”

The rooms were perfect. The décor was slightly shabby but, as if to make up for it, the balcony had a stunning view over the town. We decided to stay for a month initially, and depending on what happened, we would come to an arrangement after that. It was a relief to be settled somewhere, if only for a few weeks. I could now pack my suitcase in record time and we’d met so many people that I’d lost count. Sometimes when I was introduced to yet another stranger I would change my name, just to make it more interesting.

tasted amazing. I’d go home at night and write down the recipes and tips that I’d learnt.

Our first month in the town came to an end and we decided to stay for another three. Ian had found some painting and decorating work and I was quite happy. Those three months turned into six, and before I knew it I had been at the restaurant for a whole year. The chef asked me if I would like to become his assistant — he said I had a natural gift for cooking. So that’s how I ended up here, ten years later, as Head Chef at Alberto’s Fish

Restaurant. Ian is still here as well, running

A21

his own decorating business. One day I hope to achieve something similar for myself, too.

96

Practice Test 12

ЧАСТЬ 2 – ЧТЕНИЕ

The man waiting at the bus stop was very

14

A15

1

rude.

2

impatient.

3

unhelpful.

4

persistent.

15A16 The farmers gave the narrator and his friend Ian work because

1 they thought they would be suitable for it.

2 they needed seasonal workers.

3 they had known Ian since he was young.

4 they found both boys cheerful and friendly.

16A17 The narrator thought the rooms could be too expensive after he realised 1 how popular they were.

2 what time of year it was.

3 how nice the exterior was.

4 where they were.

17A18 In paragraph four, the narrator suggests that he had become tired of 1 staying in hotels.

2 packing his suitcase.

3 moving from place to place.

4 meeting new people.

18A19 In paragraph five, the narrator uses the phrase ‘put out feelers’ to mean 1 meet as many people as possible.

2 speak to people to get information about work.

3 find a suitable job to earn some money.

4 get to know a new place.

19A20 The narrator enjoyed his new job because 1 all his food was cooked for him.

2 it was different from his previous jobs.

3 his boss took an interest in teaching him to cook. 4 the time passed quickly.

20A21 In the final paragraph, we learn that the narrator 1 would like to start a business with Ian.

2 regrets staying so long at Alberto’s restaurant.

3 hopes that his career as a chef will continue to advance. 4 wishes that he had achieved as much as Ian.

97

ЧАСТЬ 3 – ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА Practice Test 12

1Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, сло* ва, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номера* ми B4–B10, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B10.

B4

was

B5

was trying

B6

will find

B7

had passed

B8

have been given

B9

had left

B10

fixed

2 Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В11–B16, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответ* ствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В11–В16.

The Trans Siberian Railway

Travelling on the

Trans Siberian

Express is an

extraordinary journey. It

is the

longest

continuous

B11 8)

railway in the world — 10,000 kilometres long, or one third of the distance

around

the globe.

Travellers on

the Trans Siberian railway describe the

journey

as a(n)

amazing

B129)

adventure; seven days or more of exotic travel from Moscow to Vladivostok.

10)B13

conversation

with other passengers that

However, many travellers say that it is the

makes the journey special. You can spend many hours making new friends and discussing the

landscape of the Ural Mountains and Siberia.

You can either stay on

the

train

for the

whole journey

or,

if

you are

feeling more

1B14)

adventurous

,

you

can

arrange

stops along the

way.

A

stopover

at Irkutsk is

recommended for a few days. Here you can explore the city and visit the

12)B15

beautiful

Lake Baikal; the deepest lake in the world.

The journey ends on the east coast of Russia in Vladivostok, whose name means “Lord of the East”. However you decide to spend your time on the Trans Siberian Express, it will be an extremely

13)B16

memorable

experience.

CONTINUE

AMAZE CONVERSE

ADVENTURE BEAUTY

MEMORY

98

Practice Test 12

ЧАСТЬ 3 – ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА

3Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22–А28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям A22–A28, в которых представлены возмож* ные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.

The Report Card

John had never been very good 14)A22…….. sports. He simply wasn’t an athletic kind of person. He knew it, his

friends knew it, and his gym teachers at school had known it, too. On his school report for the year 1992, his

Physical Education teacher had written: ‘John tries very

……..15)A23

in class, but achieves below average results.’

The teacher had obviously thought that it would be a good idea to mention John’s effort, but he only

16)A24……..

in emphasising his failure.

As an adult in his

thirties, John did everything he could to avoid playing any sort of sport. Whenever

17)A25………

his friends were trying to organise a friendly game of football, or his boss needed to find a tennis partner, John

would always 18)A26…….. an excuse. Once, he even faked an injury so that he didn’t have to take 19)A27…….. in

a basketball game. But it was only when John had to explain to his new girlfriend why he couldn’t play squash with

her that he decided that his problem with sports had gone on for long enough. It was

……..20)A28

to change.

A22

1

for

2

at

3

to

4

on

A23

1

strongly

2

well

3

heavily

4

hard

A24

1

achieved

2

succeeded

3

managed

4

ended

A25

1

beginning

2

young

3

early

4

opening

A26

1

make up

2

find out

3

put up

4

think over

A27

1

position

2

role

3

place

4

part

A28

1

time

2

moment

3

season

4

point

ЧАСТЬ 4 – ПИСЬМО

C11 You have received a letter from your English speaking pen friend Jack who writes:

… Well, my exams start next week and I’m feeling a little stressed even though I’ve studied hard. How often do you have exams at your school? Do you like taking exams? How do you

cope with the pressure?

It’s my best friend John’s birthday this weekend …

Write a letter to Jack. In your letter answer his questions

ask 3 questions about his best friend’s birthday Write 100 140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.

C22 Comment on the following statement.

“Extreme sports have become more and more popular. However, some say that they are too risky.”

What is your opinion? Does the thrill of the sport outweigh the risk? Write 200 250 words.

Use the following plan:

write an introduction (state the problem/topic)

express your personal opinion and give reasons for it

give arguments for the other point of view and explain why you don’t agree with it

draw a conclusion

99

ЧАСТЬ 1 – АУДИРОВАНИЕ

Practice Test 13

1 Вы услышите высказывания шести людей о путешествиях. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего 1–6 и утверждениями, данными в списке A–G. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное буквой,

только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу B1.

A I appreciate travelling for my job.

B I have found a way to travel quite cheaply.

C I don’t have to travel far to find what I want. D I prefer to travel by myself.

E Thinking about my holiday helps me to cope with my busy schedule. F I think people should think about the negative effects of travelling. G I want to travel more but I have a problem that stops me.

1

2

3

4

5

6

B1 C

E

F

A

G

B

2Вы услышите беседу двух друзей о мобильных телефонах и Интернете. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А1–А7 соответствуют содержанию текста (1– True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положи’ тельного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Вы услышите запись дважды. Обведите правильный ответ.

A17 Laura is looking at mobile phones in a shop window.

1 True

2 False

3 Not stated

A28 Dave doesn’t own a mobile phone.

1

True

2

False

3

Not stated

A39

Dave believes that using technology has made people more anti-social.

1

True

2

False

3

Not stated

Both Laura and Dave would like to use the Internet when they are not at home.

A410

1

True

2

False

3

Not stated

Dave is worried about the Internet having harmful effects on young people.

A511

1

True

2

False

3

Not stated

A612 Laura’s parents monitor her use of the Internet.

1 True

2 False

3 Not stated

A713 In the end, Laura decides not to buy an Internet phone.

1 True

2 False

3 Not stated

100

Practice Test 13

ЧАСТЬ 1 – АУДИРОВАНИЕ

3Вы услышите рассказ молодого человека о вегетарианстве. В заданиях А8–А14 обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

A814 While growing up, the narrator ate food that was 1 unhealthy.

2 badly cooked.

3 not very varied.

A915 The narrator says his university served food that was 1 liked only by the foreign students.

2 good value but not very healthy.

3 worse than what he was used to.

A1016 The narrator tried a vegetarian dish because

1 his vegetarian friends encouraged him to.

2 he thought the quality might be better.

3 the meat dishes had started to make him ill.

A1117 After he started eating vegetarian meals, the narrator

1 realised his attitude towards vegetarians had been wrong.

2 began to really dislike the smell of meat.

3 began to lose weight.

A1218 While deciding whether to become a vegetarian or not, the narrator

1 did some research into vegetarianism.

2 continued to eat some meat.

3 realised how healthy he felt.

A1319 The narrator finally made his decision based on

1 what he found out about the benefits of vegetarianism. 2 how much healthier he was feeling.

3 the opinions of others.

A1420 The narrator’s parents

1 are slowly accepting his decision to be a vegetarian. 2 are now thinking about becoming vegetarians too. 3 are unhappy that he is a vegetarian.

101

ЧАСТЬ 2 – ЧТЕНИЕ

Practice Test 13

1Установите соответствие между заголовками A–Н и текстами 1–7. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу B2. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

A Travel with a purpose

B Make a discovery

C Getting a good view

DA difficult task

1 For hundreds of years, people have been competing in bizarre ‘gurning’ contests around England. What is gurning? Well, it is simply the act of making the ugliest face possible. Some elderly people can make some spectacular gurns. If they have false teeth, they can take them out and bring their lower lip so far up that it can cover their nose! But even younger people can make amazing gurns – just look at celebrity Jim Carrey!

2Thousands of spectators line the route of the Tour de France bike race each year, trying to see over other people’s heads. Then when the competitors pass, they flash by so quickly that it is hard to get even a glimpse of them. Therefore, it’s worth buying a tour guide with route information so that you can plan well in advance the best place to stand to see your favourite cyclists speed by.

3The goal of responsible tourism is to help people in need as well as the holidaymakers themselves. Some tour operators, for example, organise charity bike rides. Visitors cycle around places of interest following a pre-arranged route. They enjoy a valuable new experience and at the same time part of the cost of the holiday is donated to local community projects.

4The Sibit-sibit Festival is held each year to give tourists a rich and colourful picture of the history of Olongapo in the Philippines. Sibit-sibits are ancient paddle boats that

E Greatest invention

F An unusual competition

G Keeping traditions alive

H Still popular today

were used by fishing villages. During past celebrations, fishermen held races and won with their great physical strength alone. Today, the traditional Sibit-sibit Festival is a lively and enchanting event that brings together Olongapo’s rich past, successful present and promising future.

5Bicycles were first introduced in the 19th century and there are now over one billion of them worldwide. Many people still prefer this eco-friendly mode of transport. Postmen, delivery personnel and even police officers can often be seen riding bicycles.

6The Archaeological Seminars Foundation offers visitors of all ages the opportunity to ‘Dig for a Day’. This programme allows the unskilled enthusiast to get their hands dirty while getting the chance to make a fabulous discovery. Activities include digging, pottery examination and touring the latest excavation site. Thousands of people have already participated in this memorable experience!

7What is the most important mechanical invention of all time? The wheel no doubt! The earliest known use of the wheel was probably the potter’s wheel in 3500 BC in Mesopotamia. Interestingly enough, the wheel was used for manufacturing before it was used for transporting. Today, nearly every machine includes the wheel; from the smallest of pocket watches to the largest of aeroplanes.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

B2 F

C

A

G

H

B

E

102

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Разбор сложных заданий в тг-канале

Задачи для практики

Задача 1

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. Planning the time is a necessary step.
  2. You should find what’s right for you.
  3. There are different reasons to look for a summer job.
  4. Working on volunteer projects people form close friendships.
  5. Helping others may be a part of your studies.
  6. Mental benefits are given by volunteering.
  7. New skills and knowledge are learnt by volunteering.
Решение

Speaker A

You may have heard all kinds of negative stuff — again! — about this summer’s job market. It’s true that jobs for teens can be tough to find. But they are out there. So go for it. The more jobs you apply for, the better you’ll get at interviewing. Learning how to come across well in an interview is a skill you’ll use forever. It helps with everything from getting into college to landing a full-time job when the time comes. You might discover a new skill or interest you never knew you had.

Speaker B

Volunteering is an opportunity to change lives, including your own. If you’re feeling frustrated or overwhelmed by the news of a disaster, volunteering to help can be a great way to cope. If you’d like to support a cause but can’t afford to donate money, you can donate your time instead. Helping others in need is such an important part of the modern way of life that many high schools require their students to spend a certain number of hours volunteering in order to graduate.

Speaker C

Once you’ve found something that inspires you, decide how much time you want to spend. Local organizations (like hospitals or shelters) often like volunteers to give them a set amount of time every week or two. But what if school, sports, or other commitments prevent you from devoting time every week? Many large organizations (especially those related to the environment or finding cures for diseases) have day-long activities. These include walkathons, bike rides, cleanup days, or building homes for those in need.

Speaker D

Unlike school, with volunteering you get to pick what really interests you and who (or what) is most deserving of your time. Need some ideas to get you started? Become a Big Brother or Big Sister, camp counselor, or volunteer for an after-school sports program. Special Olympics games and events are great ways to get to know special-needs kids. Serve Thanksgiving dinner to the homeless, volunteer at your local food bank, or distribute toys to kids. Your church, temple, mosque, or other place of worship also may be able to use your help.

Speaker E

Donating your time is a great way to feel like you have the power to change things for the better. You can feel proud of the goals that you’ve achieved for an organization. Volunteering is also a great way to get a perspective on your own life. Sometimes it’s easy to get consumed by worries about your grades or the fight you had with your friend or parent. Finally, volunteering can help save you from being bored — it gives you a place to be where you can have a good time and keep busy.

Speaker F

Volunteering is a great way to learn new skills — from working as part of a team to setting and reaching goals. It gives you a chance to discover what kinds of things you’re best at and enjoy the most. A volunteer job that you love can even help shape your ideas about your career goals. And it can help you develop a new understanding of people who are different from you — people with disabilities, people in financial distress, sick kids, or the elderly.

Ответ: 351267

Задача 2

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. Getting help when you need is useful.
  2. Problems with numbers and equations can be overcome.
  3. It is a great confidence booster.
  4. All the important ideas and key facts should be written down.
  5. Studying in a group helps to check your notes.
  6. A quiet place to focus makes homework take shorter time.
  7. It is better to tackle the hardest assignments first.
Решение

Speaker A

When you settle down to do homework or to study, where do you do it? Parked in front of the TV? In the kitchen, with the sound of dishes being cleared and your brothers and sisters fighting? The kitchen table was OK when you were younger and homework didn’t require as much concentration. But now you’ll do best if you can find a place to get away from noise and distractions, like a bedroom or study. At the same time, you should avoid studying on your bed.

Speaker B

It’s tempting to start with the easy stuff to get it out of the way. But you have the most energy and focus when you begin. Use this mental power on the subjects that are most challenging. Later, when you’re more tired, you can focus on the simpler things. If you get stuck, try to figure out the problem as best you can — but don’t spend too much time on it because this can mess up your homework schedule for the rest of the night.

Speaker C

Even when you pay attention in class, study for tests, and do your homework, some subjects seem too hard. You may hope that things will get easier, but most of the time that doesn’t happen. What does happen for many people is that they work harder and harder as they fall further and further behind. There’s nothing embarrassing about asking for help. No one understands everything. Some teachers will work with students before or after school to explain things more clearly.

Speaker D

Sometimes it can be useful to go over things with people who are studying for the same purposes, for example, for the test. You can make sure that your notes are correct and that you understand the subject. Study groups are also helpful because you can work together to come up with ways to remember concepts and then test one another. For some people who are easily distracted, though, study groups spell disaster because they get off the topic.

Speaker E

When trying to memorize dates, names, or other factual information, I usually keep in mind that it usually takes a number of tries to remember something correctly. That’s one reason why it’s a good idea to start studying well in advance of a test. I always use special memory triggers that the teacher may have suggested or ones that I invent myself.. In the case of math or science problems or equations, I do some practice problems. It is necessary to pay attention to anything the teacher seemed to stress in class.

Speaker F

Note-taking is a skill that helps me do well on all my schoolwork — everything from taking tests to researching a paper. If I have a teacher who writes notes on the board, that’s a bonus. I can copy them down. If not, I usually write down the most important points from class. Does your history teacher mention the date of a key Civil War battle? Does your English teacher give examples of Shakespeare’s use of dramatic irony? Does your math teacher go over a particular formula? So I write down them all!

Ответ: 671524

Задача 3

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. First banned and then approved.
  2. Building arctic domes needs special skills.
  3. This competitive activity can be both exciting and risky.
  4. You should lie down on the snow to make it.
  5. Sport achievement are built on basic skills.
  6. A great choice of winter activities is offered.
  7. It is necessary to think about safety.
Решение

Speaker A

Whatever sport you choose, don’t rely on a friend for instruction. You wouldn’t let an amateur perform brain surgery on you; why let one teach you to ski or skate? That’s what instructors are for — to help newcomers start out right. Instructors can give you advice about equipment, techniques, safety, and dealing with injuries if they do happen to you. It’s tempting for an eager athlete to advance too quickly through learning the ropes. Resist the temptation. If you want to progress, invest your time in learning the basics thoroughly.

Speaker B

Winter is a great time to experiment with new sports. The trick is to find one that matches your interests and natural abilities. Alpine or downhill skiing isn’t as hard as it used to be — shorter, lightweight, curved skis make any beginner feel like an Olympian. Consider testing the latest high-tech skis or snowboards. Check with your local sports shop or the rental places at ski mountains about demo programs. You could also try sledding. Or, if you prefer ice to snow, think hockey or figure skating.

Speaker C

Play safely by figuring out what special equipment and safety gear you’ll need. Planning an afternoon of snowshoeing or cross-country skiing? Pack water, snacks, fruit, and extra socks. If you’re going out for a long time, keep your water bottle insulated from the cold so it doesn’t freeze. Regardless of how you get down a snow-covered slope, always watch for obstacles such as rocks, tree branches, and other people. Don’t head out onto the slopes or into remote country areas alone.

Speaker D

Snowboarding was invented in the 1960s and started out as snurfing. A fellow named Sherman Poppen, an engineer living in Muskegon, Michigan, strapped two skis together and added some rope for steering. His wife called it a snurfer, or snow surfing.1 Until the early 1980s, snowboarding was banned at resorts. Traditionally, snowboarding was considered to be dangerous and a teenage fad. In 1983, the Mountain Resort in Vermont opened its slopes up to snowboarding. Far from being a fringe sport now, snowboarding was officially accepted into the Olympic Winter Games in 1998.

Speaker E

Chilly, snowy days are calling all of us outdoors. Is there fluffy snow? Check. Are you wearing a snow suit? Check. That’s all the gear kids of any age need to lie down and create a snow angel just like they would do a jumping jack. Make this simple activity extra fun by using materials to decorate your angel, such as food coloring to draw on a face, and old clothes and accessories to dress it up. It is really a fun winter activity for children of all ages.

Speaker F

It is so wonderful to have a ball battling with your friends in a snowball fight. By joining in the fun, teenagers can help little ones while also supervising to make sure it doesn’t turn into bullying. It is necessary to avoid injuries by making sure the snow isn’t too icy. Snow on super-cold days will be too light and airy to form a ball. Lie down on the snow for a few minutes to heat some up and then try to pack that warmer snow into a ball.

Ответ: 567143

Задача 4

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. People of this nation tend to apologize more frequently.
  2. People need to be perfect to be respected.
  3. It is necessary to find right words to make an apology.
  4. It is always hard to apologize.
  5. Apologizing helps to maintain good connections between people.
  6. Apologizing is the best solution for the given situations.
  7. Apologizing can cause positive changes.
Решение

Speaker A

Maisie spilled soda on her friend’s borrowed dress. Aiden tweeted a photo when Jane tripped over his bag and landed in her lap. Susan dropped her mom’s favorite plate — then responded by yelling at her mom because she was so upset at her mistake. We all mess up. We’re human, and it’s not always easy to get along with everyone all the time. Sometimes we hurt people’s feelings without intending to. Sometimes, we’re deliberately mean and we feel bad afterward. So we apologize.

Speaker B

Apologies are one of the tools we use to build good friendships and relationships. When you say “I’m sorry” (and really mean it), it’s because you probably feel bad that something you did or said hurt another person. Saying you’re sorry is more than just words. You’re also saying that you respect the other person and you care about his or her feelings. Apologizing shows you have empathy. After apologizing, you might feel a little better. The other person probably will, too.

Speaker C

If someone is upset because of something you did, you’ll want to set things right. Here are some times when an apology can make the difference: If you hurt someone, even if you didn’t mean it. If you lose or break something that belonged to someone else. If you did something you knew was wrong — like telling a lie or breaking a rule on purpose. If you didn’t do something you were supposed to do — like keeping a promise. Everyone needs to apologize when they do something wrong.

Speaker D

The British are famous for how frequently they say ‘sorry’ — even when they’re not at fault. It is probably the most over-used word in the United Kingdom. A recent survey of more than 1,000 British people found that that the average person says ‘sorry’ around eight times per day — and that one in eight people apologize up to 20 times a day. British society values that its members show respect without imposing on someone else’s personal space, and without drawing attention to oneself.

Speaker E

Apologizing is the most effective way to restore trust and balance in a relationship. Why do some people still refuse to apologize? First, apologies take courage. When you admit that you were wrong, it puts you in a vulnerable position, which can open you up to attack or blame. Some people struggle to show this courage. Or, people may be following the advice “never apologize, never explain”. It’s up to them if they want to be arrogant, but, if they do, they should not expect to be seen as wise people.

Speaker F

We all make mistakes. We can’t avoid it, and sometimes these mistakes hurt the others. Then comes the time to apologize. A correct apology can repair the damage and strengthen the emotional bond between two people. When we apologize we say to the other that we feel deeply what we have done and want to repair the damage and make him feel better. The best way to apologize is to do it with few words, without offering explanations that might call into question the sincerity.

Ответ: 657143

Задача 5

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. Flexibility training influences better performance.
  2. This kind of exercise fills your body with oxygen.
  3. Exercise benefits every part of the body, including the mind.
  4. It is necessary to find the sport that’s right for you.
  5. Coaches do a lot for the sportsmen.
  6. Off the playing field, coaches are good advisers.
  7. Not only strength training develops muscles.
Решение

Speaker A

Exercising causes the body to make chemicals that can help a person to feel good. Exercise can help people sleep better. It can also help some people who have mild depression and low self-esteem. Plus, exercise can give people a real sense of accomplishment and pride at having achieved a certain goal — like beating an old time in the 100-meter dash. In fact, exercise can help keep your body at a healthy weight. Exercising regularly decreases a person’s risk of developing certain diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and high blood pressure.

Speaker B

Like other muscles, the heart enjoys a good workout. Aerobic exercise is any type of exercise that gets the heart pumping and gets you breathing harder. When you give your heart and lungs this kind of workout regularly, they get stronger and are better at getting oxygen to all parts of your body. If you play team sports, you’re probably getting at least 60 minutes or more of moderate to vigorous activity on practice days. Some team sports that give you a great aerobic workout are basketball, hockey, and rowing.

Speaker C

The heart isn’t the only muscle to benefit from regular exercise. The other muscles in your body enjoy exercise too. When you use your muscles, they become stronger. Strong muscles are also a plus because they support your joints and help prevent injuries. Muscle also use more energy than fat does, so building your muscles will help you burn more calories and maintain a healthy weight. You don’t have to lift weights to make your muscles and bones stronger. Different types of exercise strengthen different muscle groups.

Speaker D

Exercise can help the body stay flexible, meaning that your muscles and joints stretch and bend easily. Being flexible may also help improve a person’s sports performance. Some activities, like dance or martial arts, require great flexibility. But increased flexibility also can help people perform better at other sports. Sports and activities that encourage flexibility are easy to find. Martial arts like karate, ballet, gymnastics, and yoga are good choices. Stretching after your workout will also help you improve your flexibility.

Speaker E

One of the biggest reasons people drop an exercise program is lack of interest. If what you’re doing isn’t fun, it’s hard to keep it up. The good news is there are different sports and activities to try to see which one inspires you. When picking the right type of exercise, it can help to consider your workout personality. School sports, intramural leagues, club teams, and pick-up games are great ways to stay active with others. You’ll also want to think about how much time you can set aside for your sport.

Speaker F

Obviously, you can draw on your coach’s expertise to improve how you play, how you psych yourself up before a game, or how you deal with a big loss or setback. Not only have coaches dealt with lots of players and seen which techniques work and which don’t, but many of them have played the sport themselves and can share their personal experiences. Your coach also can help you play your best and push your limits without injury. Besides, many coaches have completed courses in athletic health care.

Ответ: 327146

Задача 6

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. Wearing a bike helmet is a must.
  2. Choosing right shoes is important.
  3. Clothing for biking should be bright.
  4. Bike injuries are common.
  5. Bike maintenance helps you to enjoy riding.
  6. Showing directions improves safety.
  7. There are some tips to buy a bike.
Решение

Speaker A

You don’t have to wear special clothing to enjoy the sport of biking. But the right clothing can increase your comfort and fun not to mention your cool factor. It can also improve your performance if you really get into spending time with road or off -road biking. It is better to wear brightcolored clothes which help people to see you — even in the daytime. Avoid wearing dark colors like black or brown bike riding, especially if it is getting dark outside. Besides, you should wear lightweight clothes to avoid becoming overheated.

Speaker B

It is necessary to wear shoes that grip the pedals. Cleats, shoes with heels, or fl ip-flops can easily slip off the pedals. And it goes without saying, don’t ride barefoot — ouch! Really serious cyclists can buy biking shoes that are specifically made to hook into certain pedals. But if you’re not into all the gear, good sneakers work just fine. Tuck away laces that could catch while you are riding.

Speaker C

If you value your life you cannot ride a bike without a helmet. That’s why in many countries, wearing a helmet is the law. Many bike accidents involve an injury to the head, and a crash could mean permanent brain damage or death for a person who doesn’t wear one while riding. Today’s helmets are very lightweight and comfortable. Look for a helmet that is well ventilated and fits snugly on your head without moving around. Even the best, most expensive helmet won’t protect you if it doesn’t fit.

Speaker D

Riding on the road? Never change direction or change lanes without first looking behind you and using the correct hand signals. That way everyone knows where you’re going. Use your left arm for all hand signals. To indicate you’re making a left turn, hold your arm straight out to the left; to indicate a right turn, bend your elbow, holding your arm up in an “L” shape; and before you stop, bend your elbow, pointing your arm downward in an upside down “L” shape.

Speaker E

If you can, keep your bike indoors, especially on rainy days. This will help to keep your chain rust free. You’ll also want to check your tire air pressure (the correct pressure is on the sidewall of the tire), the brakes, and the chain (for grease and tightness) on a regular basis. Biking is a fun way to get exercise and a great way to get around. Observing these simple precautions will keep your ride smooth and your trails happy.

Speaker F

Take this dream for a spin: The sun is shining, there’s not a cloud in the sky, and your crush just called to ask if you want to go on a bike ride. You dust off your brother’s old bike and picture yourself on a hillside adrenaline rush. OK, hit “pause” for a second and get practical. Want to enjoy the ride without making your crush call 911 because of some heavy bloodshed? So follow safety tips to really enjoy your ride.

Ответ: 321654

Задача 7

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. Watching a fireworks display can be dangerous.
  2. Learning safety rules is important for sports and games.
  3. Hot feeling makes people sick.
  4. All people suffer from sunburns.
  5. Wearing a bike helmet reduces serious injuries.
  6. Drinking water is an important part of staying healthy.
  7. Special rules help to prevent dog bites.
Решение

Speaker A

Bike riding is a lot of fun, but accidents often happen. The safest way to use your bike is for transportation, not play. Every year, about 300,000 kids go to the emergency department because of bike injuries, and at least 10,000 kids have injuries that require a few days in the hospital. A head injury can mean brain injury. That’s why it’s so important to wear your bike helmet. Wearing one doesn’t mean you can be reckless, but a helmet will provide some protection for your face, head, and brain in case you fall down.

Speaker B

Maybe you love them and want to pet every one you see. Or maybe you’re afraid of them and want to move to a dog-free neighborhood. Either way, dogs are a part of life. They come in all shapes, sizes, and personalities — a lot like kids! Like many kinds of pets dogs need to be respected as animals that, under certain conditions, could hurt you. You can respect a dog by giving it space and following certain rules. These rules not only keep the dog happier, they can protect you from getting bitten.

Speaker C

The safest way to enjoy fireworks is at a professional display. Some people light sparklers at home or even set off their own fireworks, but this is dangerous. Some of the people hurt each year aren’t the ones setting off the fireworks, but people who are nearby. It’s best to stay away from areas where nonprofessionals are setting off fireworks. Fireworks can cause serious eye injuries, including blindness, if the eye tissue gets damaged or torn. Other common injuries from fireworks include burns to the hands and face, which can leave scars.

Speaker D

Some rules don’t have anything to do with scoring points or penalties. Some rules are just about protecting other people and being courteous. For instance, in baseball or softball, the batter can’t fling the bat after hitting the ball and heading for first base. He or she must drop it so that it doesn’t hit anyone. Listening to your coach during a game also can help keep you safe. It’s also good to just be courteous, like telling someone his or her shoe is untied. Check your shoes, too!

Speaker E

Some people get a sunburn faster than others because of their coloring. If you have blond or red hair, light-colored skin, and light-colored eyes, you’ll tend to get a sunburn more quickly than someone with dark eyes and skin. Even if you have dark hair, dark eyes, or darker-toned skin, you can still get a sunburn. It will just take a little bit longer. Sunburns look bad and feel worse. They can cause blisters on your skin. They can keep you inside feeling sore. They increase your chance of getting wrinkly when you get older.

Speaker F

If you’re out in the hot sun or you’re exercising on a hot day, it’s easy to get heat exhaustion. A person may just collapse when playing soccer or tennis, for example. It can leave someone feeling really tired after it happens. Heat stroke is a more serious heat-related illness and can cause someone to stop sweating; to have red, hot skin; and to have a high temperature. The person might become uncoordinated, confused, or even lose consciousness. It requires emergency medical attention.

Ответ: 571243

Задача 8

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. Being responsive is important.
  2. Emoticons help to express what people mean.
  3. Caring about friends is essential.
  4. There are several ways to avoid virtual communication.
  5. On-line communication may cause misunderstanding.
  6. Politeness does not depend on type of communication.
  7. Writing less is better most of the time.
Решение

Speaker A

Facebook, Twitter, blogs, chat and so forth are part of my everyday online sources of interaction. And every day I try to communicate with my friends online but sometimes they hear a different message from the one I’m putting across. It’s easy to make mistakes of communication in the online environment where our connection is down wires rather than faceto- face. It’s important to maintain the kind regards you have towards your real-life friends online by making sure that you’re actually saying what you mean to say, effectively.

Speaker B

Writing updates, posts and statuses can sometimes cause disagreement between the communicants. Unless I have a huge fanbase and I’m trying to sell something I limit my updates to one a day or even less. Someone who updates multiple times a day gives the image of being bored, lonely, depressed or selfish. A well thought out status every once in a while gives the image of a wise, insightful person who has a fulfilling life offline.

Speaker C

Usually everything I say is asking for a response as well as everything my friends say is looking for a response, verbal and non-verbal. When you read someone’s status ask yourself: What is this person asking of me? Of course, it isn’t always clear what the person wants. One way to figure it out is to put yourself in their shoes, figure out what you know of their situation, and decide what you’d like in the same situation. Another way is to send a private message or show your interest.

Speaker D

If I went on a fabulous vacation, my first instinct may be to share every glorious detail, which can be interesting to some people. Sometimes if I really want to make my friends less envious and express my positive attitude, I tag them in specific photos and tell them I thought about them when I was there. So, if you did something adventurous, go crazy and show as many photos as you want — just add captions. I think, people love living dangerously through you in the comfort of being behind their computer screen.

Speaker E

If there is a particular person that makes my blood boil whenever I read his or her posts, I have three choices: block them, ignore them or ask myself what they might be needing by writing this post. Although you might want to avoid commenting on their posts, your attitude may change. If you’re not descriptive enough to express your tone with choice of vocabulary alone, you can use emoticons. Don’t overdo it. For some people, too many emoticons is a sign of immaturity. Less is more.

Speaker F

I think life gets busy on both sides. One thing that really helps is not looking at it as e-mailing, Facebooking, Skyping, or calling when you have some free time. Schedule the person in, no matter how you are going to communicate, as if you were going out with that person for dinner, catching up for coffee, or going to their house. You have to treat them as you would if you were getting together in person. That time is their time and you can really give yourself to them.

Ответ: 571346

Задача 9

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. The cost of camping depends on many things.
  2. Making food over the fire can be prohibited.
  3. Different camping skills are required.
  4. There are different reasons to go camping.
  5. There are a lot of activities you can do in a campground.
  6. People should be conscious of outdoor creatures.
  7. You need a lot of things when you go camping.
Решение

Speaker A

Camping is made up of many spontaneous adventures. Activities available vary from campground to campground. More common activities include swimming in a pool or a lake, playing sports or games, sitting around the campfire, hiking, walks, bike rides, fishing, reading, relaxing, etc. When you go camping you have a ton of freedom, there isn’t much that you can’t do when you go camping. It is like a vacation, you can do whatever you want, when you want to do it. It is a great stress reliever and a great way to bond with your family.

Speaker B

The cost can be various because of the style of camping, its location and the period of time you are planning to spend. Campsites can be very cheap or extremely costly depending on their location, popularity and facilities available. The other major expense will be food and drink — cooking your own food every night will be considerably cheaper than dining out. Camp sites range in price from free to usually something less than $30 per night.

Speaker C

Camping can require varied gear depending on where you are camping and for how long. Things that you need in a camping trip: A sleeping bag, tent, bug spray, towels, money (maybe), coat, a book, pillow, sunscreen, flashlight, antiperspirant, batteries, sunglasses and so on. As for suitable clothes, it is better to wear long socks or tall hiking boots, hiking shoes or boots when walking through brush or grassy areas. A long sleeve shirt and a hat will be also suitable.

Speaker D

Making dinner while camping is absolutely nothing like cooking dinner in your home kitchen. At home, you may have the pleasures of a full oven, a blender and a stand up mixer. While camping sometimes all you have is a campfire. Sometimes you can’t have any flames at all! Find out before you go, the fire laws in the area you will be camping. I’ve camped in areas where there is a major drought happening, only to be told last minute we can’t have campfires or open flames of any kind.

Speaker E

Camping is a great way to take a break from your regular life, and go see the outdoors. When you go camping you will have the chance to see all types of wildlife, and do fun activities, like fishing or stargazing. It is also a good way to learn more and be aware about the environment. Besides, people go camping for the relaxation. Summer camp can be a wonderful experience if you are ready for it. You will meet new people, learn new skills and talents, and challenge yourself.

Speaker F

Camping is a fun activity but one that needs manual skills. You can’t just go out there and decide to camp. There are many things to do and know before you set out on this adventure. In fact, it is a good idea to go camping the first time with someone who is an experienced camper. Even then, there are a few basic skills that you need to master before planning that camping trip, for example, setting up a tent, finding a campsite, starting a campfire, crossing rivers and so on.

Ответ: 517243

Задача 10

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. This organ protects a person from infections and germs.
  2. Proper techniques to wash the hands are mentioned.
  3. It protects your skin from damage.
  4. This animal washes its food before eating.
  5. Being dehydrated is dangerous for the body.
  6. More than 200 viruses can cause colds.
  7. These are some kitchen cleaning tips.
Решение

Speaker A

It is important to wash your hands when handling different foods in the same session. Keeping a clean cutting board, utensils, etc. will cut the risk of food poisoning. A sink of hot soapy water is a must in any kitchen. It is also crucial when using raw chicken or other poultry products to wash hands before and after handling the chicken to prevent cross-contamination. Separating chopping boards and utensils should also be used for raw and cooked foods.

Speaker B

Whenever raccoons eat near a water source, apparently raccoons wash food by dunking it in water and rolling it around in their paws. In fact, their scientific name literally means “washing bear.” Yet food-washing isn’t a natural habit among animals, which led researchers at the London Zoo in 1961 to look into whether these raccoons really are as sanitary as they act. The truth is that raccoons in the wild do not really wash their food in any way that we as humans think of washing.

Speaker C

Hand washing is the single most effective way to prevent the spread of infections. You can spread certain “germs” casually by touching another person. You can also catch germs when you touch contaminated objects or surfaces and then you touch your face (mouth, eyes, and nose). “Good” hand washing techniques include using an adequate amount of soap, rubbing the hands together to create friction, and rinsing under running water. Wearing gloves is not a substitute for hand washing.

Speaker D

The skin helps you warm up when you’re cold and can cool you off when you’re hot. It lets you feel things by touch. It protects you. And what does your skin ask for in return for all the wonderful things it does? Just a little care and consideration. Like the heart, stomach, and brain, the skin is an organ. In fact, it’s the largest organ in your body, but it’s still easy to take skin for granted. Unless there’s a problem, you may not think about your skin very much.

Speaker E

There is one product that everyone needs: sunscreen. Even if your skin is naturally dark, you still need to use a sunscreen. Protecting your skin from the sun prevents sunburn, which hurts and is a kind of skin damage. Sunscreen also can help prevent wrinkles when you get older and can decrease the risk of skin cancer, which is caused by exposure to the sun’s harmful rays. If you need more protection from the sun, wear long sleeves and pants. Also, avoid the sun between 10 a. m. and 4 p. m.

Speaker F

When it’s hot outside and you’ve been sweating, you get thirsty. Why? Thirst can be a sign that your body doesn’t have enough water in it to keep it working right. A person gets water by drinking and eating. Our bodies need water to work properly. Usually, you can make up for the water you lose — like when you come in from outside and have a long, cool drink of water. If you don’t replace the water your body has lost, you might start feeling sick.

Ответ: 742135

Задача 11

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. You can practice this sport if you have problems with your weight and knees.
  2. Indulging in this sport activity can help you get rid of boredom.
  3. You can combine school studies and sports activities successfully.
  4. You can change your character while playing sports.
  5. Practicing this activity helps to become thinner and younger.
  6. Sports give people time to appreciate each other.
  7. You can train all your body doing this water activity.
Решение

Speaker A

There are a number of benefits associated with swimming. Your cardiovascular fitness gets a real boost when in the pool because swimming works the entire body. Major muscle groups also go through an exhaustive workout, depending on how much you swim. Your posture and flexibility improve over time since swimming utilizes the whole body through movements that can only be done in the water. The natural resistance from the water protects areas such as the knees and elbows from any jarring.

Speaker B

Running burns a lot of calories, which is the simplest way to lose weight. The endurance of your heart benefits from a running program. Running can lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of heart attack. In addition to improving your fitness level, running also helps tone your muscles, particularly your leg muscles, and decreases bone and muscle loss, thereby slowing the aging process. Trail running improves your coordination and balance because of the unevenness of trails and various obstacles you must get around.

Speaker C

Just 40 minutes of bike riding can burn up to 500 calories, according to the Adult Bicycling website. Indoor cycling classes at fitness studios are specifically designed to burn a high amount of calories to help people achieve their weight loss goals. Biking helps tone leg and back muscles, while shaving off those love handles. Regular bike riding also cuts down the chance for heart disease. Like swimming, biking is easy on bones, since it is a low-impact sport. This makes biking ideal if you have knee problems.

Speaker D

Working out in a gym can get boring and repetitive and soon the motivation to stay fit can start fading away. But working out does not have to be monotonous always. Football is one of the most common sports all over the world. The game is a mixture of various activities like running, sprinting, jumping, kicking and sometimes even falling thus ensuring that your body gets a strenuous workout, helping you burn up to 500 calories while scoring a few goals.

Speaker E

Playing sports enables you to create friendships you otherwise might not have formed. Sports bring teens together from different schools, backgrounds, and communities. Many times, the friendships you create on the field remain intact even when you are not playing sports. The fans on the sidelines are one of the most important parts of the game. The constant support of your parents helps you to feel good about yourself and strengthens your connection to them. As a teen, it is not always easy to find time to spend time with your parents.

Speaker F

It’s a common misconception that being both a student and an athlete is hard, if not impossible. Participating in sports can actually have a positive impact on school. Sports force you to organize your time so that you can both go to practice and finish your homework. The key is finding a balance. If you can learn to organize your time, then you can succeed in both. Sports teams give you an opportunity to surround yourself with competitive people and role models, and learn from them both.

Ответ: 751263

Задача 12

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. Organizing special events can help to save birds.
  2. You can enjoy the beauty of nature experiencing the outdoors.
  3. Encouraging people to take the idea for barter things.
  4. This color means helping nature.
  5. This way helps to convert waste materials into useful things.
  6. It is helpful to practice of using something again. new materials and objects.
  7. Reducing consumption is a useful environmental activity.
Решение

Speaker 1

What does it mean to be green? “Green” is more than just a color. It also means taking special steps to protect the environment — the water, the land, and the air we breathe. Why green? Plants are green, and without them the Earth wouldn’t be such a lovely home for us human beings. Every day, people make choices that affect the amount of trash and pollution that gets produced in our world. You can reduce the amount of stuff you use and throw away or recycle cans, bottles and paper.

Speaker 2

When you use less of something, you do a good thing for the Earth. For instance, a shorter shower means you used less water and less fuel since your house uses fuel to run the water heater that warmed up the water. You can also turn off lights you’re not using. Besides you should turn off the water when you’re brushing your teeth. When you can, walk or ride your bike instead of riding in a car. You’ll use less gas — and get some exercise!

Speaker 3

It’s true that trash and pollution are problems, but the Earth remains a huge and glorious place that’s ready for you to explore. You can start locally by visiting the naturally beautiful spots in your city and state. Go for a hike, visit local nature centers and gardens, climb up mountains, and explore lazy creeks. Experience the outdoors in all sorts of weather — from a sunny day at the beach or lake to a wintry adventure when it snows. And if you’re planning a family vacation, suggest a trip to a national treasure.

Speaker 4

Sometimes people call ours a “throwaway society.” That means that we’re a little too willing to throw away old stuff and buy new stuff. Many times, even if you no longer need something, someone else just might. You can choose reusable travel cups instead of disposable paper or plastic cups. You can also take your own bags — preferably reusable ones — when you go to the grocery store. It is better to take paper from your computer printouts and use the other side for more computer printing.

Speaker 5

We all have something to offer and needs to fill. The more we can provide for each other locally, the closer we are to sustainability. Organize a swap among your friends. The swaps are fun, social events and often include potluck food, music and crafting. What can you swap? Books, toys, even clothes. It’s a way for everyone to get something new without spending any money and without throwing a bunch of stuff away. Set aside some items for your swap when you’re cleaning your room!

Speaker 6

Recycling has never been easier. Many communities will pick it up right in front of your house and some towns even require it. You can organize the recyclable items in bins, remember to put them on the curb on recycling day, and help remind others which items can be rinsed and recycled. By separating plastic bottles, cans, bottles, and more, you’re reducing the amount of trash that goes to the landfill. Recycled goods go instead to a recycling center, where they can be turned into new cans, bottles, and paper.

Ответ: 472635

Задача 13

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. I am happy to spend my life in solitude.
  2. It’s really annoying when something is so inconvenient.
  3. Living among others, a person should take them into consideration.
  4. The only way out is to escape.
  5. It takes all sorts to make a world.
  6. To be happy you need to be surrounded by friends.
  7. I think it’s necessary for people to communicate
Решение

Speaker A

I think neighbours really make our life brighter. I’ve got fantastic neighbours — in fact, they’re a part of the family, not just neighbours. We often go out together, to visit a café or a restaurant or even go hiking. When I have to leave my house for a few days I feel quite safe as I know my place will be watched and my pets will be well taken care of.

Speaker B

Well, I get along well with all my neighbours except one. The woman who lives next door has 15 cats! Can you imagine, 15? These awful creatures are everywhere: in her flat, on the roof, on all the windowsills, near all the doors, everywhere. I hate their smell, their fur, their cries. I tried to talk to the woman many times but … in vain. I’m really thinking of changing my flat now.

Speaker C

To tell the truth, I don’t know what to say… In fact, I don’t have neighbours at all. I live in a large mansion far away from hustle and bustle of the city life. The nearest village is 2 km away. And I really adore it. I don’t feel lonely at all. If I need a company I just drive my car to the nearest town to meet with my friends. Or simply use the Internet for a little chat with the people I like.

Speaker D

You know, my problem is not my neighbours but er… lack of space. There’re, like, not enough places to park. So, people park their cars just anywhere. If I work long hours I have to leave my car very far from my house. As I usually have to carry my laptop, food and other staff, the idea of walking quite a long way depresses me. It would be much better if our street was not as narrow as it is.

Speaker E

As for our neighbours, most of them are OK. However, one of them has a strange hobby: he plays drums! Surely there’s nothing bad with playing drums. But why should one do it at home when there are some 30 people living nearby?! Just yesterday, he came home at midnight and …None of us could sleep any longer. We had to call the police. They came only 2 hours later when the neighbor fell asleep and everything was quite peaceful. We looked silly!

Speaker F

I live in a new block of flats in the suburbs of the city. The house is new so nobody knows each other. It’s really awful if you ask me. Every day I meet different people who never greet each other or have any kind of social talk. Two days ago while cooking I realized that I had run out of salt. It was bitterly cold outside so I decided to ask neighbours for help. I tried 4 flats! In vain. They just didn’t open!

Ответ: 641237

Задача 14

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. Every day begins with making a to-do list.
  2. Priorities should be set.
  3. There are special ways to avoid being interrupted.
  4. Effective rest is needed.
  5. Setting clear objectives leads to great results.
  6. It is necessary to learn how to say no.
  7. It will be a failure without a realistic plan.
Решение

Speaker A

For me it’s important that I know what my short-term and long-term goals are — this will enable me to differentiate between what’s important and what’s not. It’s only when I know where I want to go and what I want to achieve that I can figure out exactly what needs to be done, and in what order. Once I am clear about my goals, I can plan and prepare a sequence of action steps to achieve them.

Speaker B

I start my day by spending five to ten minutes planning my activities for the day — or, better still, prepare my list for the evening, too. I write out my tasks either on paper or on my computer. I break down large or complex tasks into smaller pieces — I chunk them down into do-able, manageable units that don’t feel too big or daunting, and focus on one at a time. As I complete my tasks, I cross them off — it’s a very satisfying feeling!

Speaker C

There’s a good chance I won’t get everything on my to-do list done, but I make sure I get the most important things done. That means I have to prioritise the tasks on my list and figure out what is actually most important, as well as most urgent (not necessarily the same thing). It’s helpful to number my tasks or assign them ABC status by giving the most important tasks an ‘A’, the next most important ones a ‘B’, and so on.

Speaker D

Using my to-do list and prioritisation as a base, I make a schedule for the day and for the week, including time for breaks and contingencies. The schedule needs to be realistic, with padding for interruptions and unscheduled events. How much contingency time I need to build in will depend on the nature of my work. Having a schedule means I won’t have to waste time and energy thinking about what I have to do next — I just follow my schedule.

Speaker E

For many, emails and phone calls constitute the single biggest obstacle to effective time management. Unless I need to be constantly available and accessible, I avoid continuous email notification and let my phone go to voice mail — these things can suck up untold minutes and hours, and make me repeatedly lose focus. I need to give myself solid chunks of time to concentrate on my work.

Speaker F

I guess breaks will keep my mind fresh and I will be able to return to my work with better focus. If I work straight through, I will put in more hours but work less productively. I prefer to stick to allotted break times. I might want to try the specific technique to see if it increases my productivity. In this time management technique, I work in 25-minute segments with 5-minute breaks between each period.

Ответ: 512734

Задача 15

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. It is necessary to create saving habits.
  2. Saving money should pursue actual targets.
  3. Modern technology helps to save.
  4. To save or not to save is a personal decision.
  5. The way of saving depends on priorities.
  6. The outgoings are recorded.
  7. Controlling the expenses helps to save money.
Решение

Speaker A

The first step I make to save money is figuring out how much I spend. I keep track of all my expenses — that means every coffee, newspaper and snack I buy. Ideally, I can account for every penny. Once I have my data, I organize the numbers by categories, such as gas, groceries and mortgage, and total each amount. I consider using my credit card or bank statements to help me with this.

Speaker B

Once I have an idea of what I spend in a month, I can begin to organize my recorded expenses into a workable budget. My budget should outline how my outgoings measure up to my income. I want to be sure to factor in the sums to be paid that occur regularly but not every month, such as car maintenance. Creating a budget with a template can help me feel more in control of my finances and let me save money for my goals.

Speaker C

Now that I’ve made a budget, I create a savings category within it. I try to put away 10–15 percent of my income as savings. If my expenses are so high that I can’t save that much, it might be time to cut back. To do so, I identify non-essentials that I can spend less on, such as entertainment and dining out. Considering savings a regular expense, similar to groceries, is a great way to reinforce good savings habits.

Speaker D

One of the best ways for me to save money is to set a goal. I start by thinking of what I might want to save for — anything from a down payment for a house to a vacation — then I figure out how long it might take me to save for it. Here are some examples of short-term goals: emergency fund, vacation, down payment for a car. And these are the examples of long-term goals: retirement, the child’s education, down payment on a home or a remodeling project.

Speaker E

After my expenses and income, my goals are likely to have the biggest impact on how I save money. I try to be sure to remember longterm goals — it’s important that planning for retirement doesn’t take a back seat to shorter-term needs. Setting goals can give me a clear idea of where to start saving. For example, if I know I’m going to need to replace my car in the near future, I could start putting money away for one.

Speaker F

Almost all banks offer automated transfers between your checking and savings accounts. I can choose when, how much and where to transfer money to, or even split my direct deposit between my checking and savings accounts. Automated transfers are a great way to save money since I don’t have to think about it and it generally reduces the temptation to spend the money instead. I check my progress every month.

Ответ: 671253

Задача 16

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. The details should be documented.
  2. It is better to avoid taking medicines.
  3. You should rest if you are ill.
  4. Using relaxation methods is helpful.
  5. The best strategy is to range tasks.
  6. Communication reduces stress.
  7. Many ways to solve problems can be found.
Решение

Speaker A

For me, a lack of sleep is a significant cause of stress. Unfortunately, stress also interrupts my sleep as thoughts keep whirling through my head, stopping me from relaxing enough to fall asleep. Rather than relying on medication, I maximise my relaxation before going to sleep. I prefer to make sure that my bedroom is a tranquil oasis with no reminders of the things that cause me stress. I always avoid caffeine during the evening.

Speaker B

Each day, I try to relax with a stress reduction technique. There are many tried and tested ways to reduce stress. One very simple technique for me is to focus on a word that has a positive meaning to me. Words such as «calm», «love» and «peace» work well. I didn’t worry when I found it difficult to relax at first. I understood that relaxation is a skill that needs to be learned and will improve with practice.

Speaker C

I think that just talking to someone about how I feel can be helpful. Talking can work by either distracting me from my stressful thoughts or releasing some of the built-up tension by discussing it. My stress can cloud my judgment and prevent me from seeing things clearly. Talking things through with a friend, a work colleague, or even a trained professional with good references, can help me find solutions to my stress and put my problems into perspective.

Speaker D

I’ve understood that keeping a stress diary for a few weeks is an effective stress management tool as it helps me become more aware of the situations which cause me to become stressed. I note down the date, time and place of each stressful episode, and note what I was doing, who I was with, and how I felt both physically and emotionally. I give each stressful episode a stress rating and use the diary to understand how effective I am in stressful situations.

Speaker E

As for me, stress can be triggered by a problem that may on the surface seem impossible to solve. One problem-solving technique, which I use, involves writing down the problem and coming up with as many possible solutions as I can. I decide on the good and bad points of each one and select the best solution. I write down each step that I need to take as part of the solution.

Speaker F

At times, I feel overburdened by my ‘To Do’ list and this is a common cause of stress for me. I need to accept that I cannot do everything at once and start to prioritise my tasks. I’ve decided to make a list of all the things that I need to do and list them in order of genuine priority. I note what tasks I need to do personally and what can be delegated to others.

Ответ: 246175

Задача 17

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. Notes about Internet activity improve your time management.
  2. Reducing the time on the Internet is helpful.
  3. Reckoning with the correspondence is an everyday habit.
  4. It is necessary to organize the work area.
  5. It is better to avoid multitasking.
  6. Concentrating on the most important.
  7. A plan list is made to achieve the goals.
Решение

Speaker A

If I find myself asking “Where does all the time go?”, there is a great way to find it out. For one week, I write down everything I do while using the Internet. What websites I visit, how much time I spend on each, how often I refresh or update pages, etc. Often our worst Internet time-wasting habits are things we do without thinking. I include the time I spend using the network on my smart phone or other device.

Speaker B

It’s amazing how much space I can free up in my brains just by having a workspace free of visual distractions. If there’s a pile of papers asking to be organized, or dirty dishes scattered around, it’s going to be more difficult for me to focus on the task at hand. I prefer to try to keep my desk free of everything but current projects and whatever items I use every day.

Speaker C

Is there a song I’ve been meaning to listen to? Do I need to read some restaurant reviews to decide where to bring my mom for her birthday? Do I need to look through the prices for a home-improvement project? This is something I should be doing throughout the day, every day, as things get into my head. Keeping an Internet to-do list before I open my browser will give me a clearer sense of purpose, and remind me of my long-term timemanagement goals.

Speaker D

Some people are most active in the morning, others don’t reach their peak until the middle of the night. If I have some flexibility in my daily schedule, I try to plan my Internet time for when I am most likely to be awake, energized, and thinking clearly. I try to minimize my screen time. In other words, simply aiming to spend less time on the Internet in general is a good start.

Speaker E

While it might seem like it’s more productive to do two or three things at once, it can actually slow us down in the long run. As for me, I am not able to give my full attention to any one thing. It might be tempting to switch back and forth between Internet tasks in order to keep things interesting, but I try to stick to my Internet to-do list, finishing each thing before I move on to the next.

Speaker F

I prefer to check my email just three times daily: once in the morning, once around lunch time, and once in the evening. My email, while necessary, can be as bad for time-management as social networking sites if I am constantly refreshing or checking it. I make sure to delete, save, or respond to every new email in each sitting. This will not only save my time in the long run, but will give me a sense of accomplishment as I stay on top of my mail.

Ответ: 147253

Задача 18

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

  1. Joining a college society is a new opportunity.
  2. Blogging is a startup for creative writer.
  3. Visiting other colleges improves confidence.
  4. A unique style is the best choice.
  5. The friend circle is expanding.
  6. It is possible to discover leadership traits.
  7. The choice is based on my interest.
Решение

Speaker A

As I am following my choice studies don’t seem like a burden to me. I will gradually expand my knowledge and understanding about the subject and this will help me choose a career from the same field. I must not get influenced by others and take up courses everyone else is opting for but follow my passion and listen to my heart because at the end of the day it’s my life and my choices.

Speaker B

I am sure that I don’t meet people by accident, each one of them has a role to play in my life. College is the best place to make new friends. I’ve just been pulled out of my school life and placed into a completely new environment. Having a group of my own will help me enjoy college days to the fullest. I will not only learn new things from each individual but there’s no doubt that I will make bonds for life.

Speaker C

For me college is the right place to unleash the fire within me. One way to make the most out of my college is by joining a society. Colleges have a lot to offer and I must learn to make use of it. Extracurricular Activities will not only boost my CV but they will also help me chase my dreams. I always remember that every other great personality started off from a small stage.

Speaker D

Contesting for college elections will help me discover the leader within myself. It will give me a confidence boost, sense of responsibility and will enhance my leadership skills. This is the best way to bring about the change I have always longed for. Also it is a way of realizing my own potential and being a source of admiration to my fellow students. Whether I win or not, having the guts to stand up for myself and facing the crowd is all that matters.

Speaker E

As I am a creative writer and I wish to be a famous person someday, I need to start from the basics. Writing is a difficult task and perseverance is more important than having writing skills so in order to make writing a habit I try blogging about my own life. Usually I write about daily stories from my college life with a creative touch to it. This will contribute to my growth as a writer and I may even get some fan following.

Speaker F

Now that I am in college I can finally say goodbye to the old school uniform. I don’t have to always catch up with the latest trends, I can set my own style and also inspire others to do the same. I prefer to have a sense of fashion but also wear clothes of my choice and not merely what everyone else is buying. I remember that it’s not about the expensive brands or the latest trends, it depends entirely on my ability to carry out an outfit with grace.

Ответ: 751624

Задача 19

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей буквой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

1. Snag a smoothie.
2. Steer clear of the smelly stuff.
3. Skip the chips.
4. Don’t let a loud snack alienate the others.
5. Looking through eating tips is important.
6. Indulge your sweet tooth.
7. Don’t be a bunny.

Решение

Speaker A.

Yes, an apple a day keeps the doctor away—but of course, nowadays people have at their disposal various types of snacks. Whip up a smoothie in your dorm room instead. Buy a mini-blender that you can pop a lid on, like this one, throw some fruits and greens inside, add milk, and you’ll be good to go. Bonus points for adding seeds and protein powder—your smoothie will be super tasty and able to support you through your whole day.

Speaker B.

Two-hour lectures are pretty much synonymous with feeling ready-tokeel- over hungry. And the truth is, your brain works better when there’s food in your body, and having something on hand to eat is sometimes the key to soaking up knowledge. Between loud chewing and grease all over your fingers, chips in the class are just no. But we totally get that the convenience factor of a bag can’t be beat, so if you want something savoury to snack on, you’d better try yoghurt with fruit or corn.

Speaker C.

So you love celery and carrots and all the crunchy raw vegetables? Great. But maybe pick something a little quieter for class snacking, like cucumber slices paired with a stick of string cheese. That way, you’ll be getting your healthy fats, fiber, and important nutrients without interrupting anyone’s listening flow.

Speaker D.

Nothing is more offensive than the smell of tuna wafting through the auditorium aisles, so pick a more innocuous protein to put in your sandwich. Low-sodium turkey and a slice of any cheese should do the trick; and on behalf of your classmates, it will be good to go easy on the mustard, if at all possible try hummus instead. Throw on some spinach for good leafy green measure!

Speaker E.

We get it: sometimes you just need something sugary to take the edge off. But instead of hard candy, consume something simple. Not only is it lower in sugar than other sweets, it’s also easier on your teeth. Just remember to floss later, because under absolutely no circumstances should you do that in class. We’ve seen this happen ourselves and it is the grossest. The point is to build bonds with your fellow students, not drive them away. Happy snacking!

Speaker F.

That big green apple in your bag though? Sometimes it makes a lot of noise. With all the crunching, chewing, and saliva-sprinkling you’re doing, your snack is likely annoying everyone around you. So how’s a girl going to get her sustenance on in a lecture hall? It’s useful to check out snacking tips, which’ll give you energy without alienating any potential study buddies.

Ответ: 137265

Задача 20

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей буквой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы можете прослушать запись дважды.

1. Girls stand center stage.
2. Grades are geared up for the professional world.
3. Cool traditions create lifetime bonds.
4. A lot of factors contribute to your overall undergraduate experience.
5. Women have priorities in leadership.
6. Girl power produces powerful players.
7. The environment is empowering.

Решение

Speaker A.

It used to be that men ran the show at universities—thankfully, times have changed. The leadership thing, though? Not so much. Male administrators and faculty still dominate at most colleges, but at single-sex schools women hold more of the top jobs, which translates to more female role models and mentors. Ninety percent of women’s college presidents, and 55% of faculty, are women; and of course, when only girls make up the student body, they have way more access to all of the government, club, and activity positions.

Speaker B.

Guys are great and all, but when it comes to college, do you really need them in your classroom? Living and learning solely among smart, ambitious women is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity and might even come with greater returns. When women occupy every role, comfort levels increase, which can lead to increased self-confidence boost. That makes it easier for girls to take initiative and spread their wings into new territory. Women studying at single-sex schools are 1.5 times more likely to major in math, science, or medicine than those at common colleges.

Speaker C.

Smaller, guy-free classrooms create a climate where women feel free to speak up without being judged or distracted. Without that worry, the focus turns to critical thinking and gaining smarts, instead of looks or snagging a date. Potential, ambition, and who you want to be take precedence over how you might be perceived by a guy.

Speaker D.

High academic standards aren’t the only thing that make women’s schools stand out: long-held customs and ceremonies are a nod to previous generations and foster school spirit as well as lifelong friendship. On Mount Holyoke’s Mountain Day, students take a day off and climb the college’s namesake mountain after the school bell tolls in the fall; Meredith College’s week-long Cornhuskin’ competition pits classes against each other in activities like apple-bobbing, corn-husking, skits, and songs.

Speaker E.

Women’s colleges create a culture of achievement—so it’s no surprise that alumnus are better prepared for their first gig than the average grad. Single-sex schools also get an «A» over public universities for readying students to get ahead or make a career change. Not to mention, women’s school grades are more likely than any other students to earn a graduate degree and more than twice as likely to get a doctorate.

Speaker F.

Women’s colleges encourage us to be competitive and ambitious, to take risks and become leaders. For proof, look no further than some of the ladies who’ve earned degrees from all girls institutions: Secretaries of State Hillary Clinton and Madeleine Albright, journalist and women’s rights activist Gloria Steinem, Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright Suzan-Lori Parks to mention but a few. There’s a lot to be said for getting schooled in a place that’s definitely not a man’s world, so when you’re searching for the right school fit, don’t skip over women-only institutions! Good morning, Mr. Black.

Ответ: 571326

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