Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 — лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
Peter and Paul Fortress
The Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, located on small Hare Island, is the historic core of the city. The history of St. Petersburg begins with the history of the fortress.
Since 1700 Russia had been fighting the Northern War against Sweden. By 1703 the lands by the Neva River were conquered. To protect them from the attacks of the Swedes it was necessary to build a strong outpost here. The fortress was founded on Hare Island 16 (27) May, 1703 by joint plan of Peter I and French engineer Joseph-Gaspard Lambert de Guerin. This day is well known A_______________________.
The fortress stretches from west to east with six bastions B_______________________. The Peter’s Gate on the east side, C_____________________, has remained since the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Cathedral, D_______________________ emperors and the monument of Russian baroque, was completed after the death of the emperor, in 1733. The weathervane as a golden angel with a cross, E_______________________, is one of the main symbols of the city. On the opposite side of the cathedral, there is the Mint building, constructed in the time of Paul I by architect A. Porto. Coinage was moved to the fortress F_______________________ in the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Fortress has never directly participated in any fighting. From the very beginning of its existence it was used as a political prison. Since 1924 the Peter and Paul Fortress has been a part of the Museum of the History of St. Petersburg.
1. as the day of the birth of St. Petersburg
2. which was designed by D. Trezzini
3. which was the burial place of Russian
4. and reminding of the rich history of the city
5. as the most protected part of the city
6. which is located on the spire of the cathedral
7. that are located at the corners
| Пропуск | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| Часть предложения |
Задание №8938.
Чтение. ЕГЭ по английскому
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A — F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1 — 7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя.
Peter and Paul Fortress
The Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, located on small Hare Island, is the historic core of the city. The history of St. Petersburg begins with the history of the fortress.
Since 1700 Russia had been fighting the Northern War against Sweden. By 1703 the lands by the Neva River were conquered. To protect them from the attacks of the Swedes it was necessary to build a strong outpost here. The fortress was founded on Hare Island 16 (27) May, 1703 by joint plan of Peter I and French engineer Joseph-Gaspard Lambert de Guerin. This day is well known ___ (A).
The fortress stretches from west to east with six bastions ___ (B). The Peter’s Gate on the east side, ___ (C), has remained since the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Cathedral, ___ (D) emperors and the monument of Russian baroque, was completed after the death of the emperor, in 1733. The weathervane as a golden angel with a cross, ___ (E), is one of the main symbols of the city. On the opposite side of the cathedral, there is the Mint building, constructed in the time of Paul I by architect A. Porto. Coinage was moved to the fortress ___ (F) in the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Fortress has never directly participated in any fighting. From the very beginning of its existence it was used as a political prison. Since 1924 the Peter and Paul Fortress has been a part of the Museum of the History of St. Petersburg.
1. that are located at the corners
2. which was designed by D. Trezzini
3. as the most protected part of the city
4. which was the burial place of Russian
5. as the day of the birth of St. Petersburg
6. and reminding of the rich history of the city
7. which is located on the spire of the cathedral
| A | B | C | D | E | F |
Решение:
Пропуску A соответствует часть текста под номером 5.
Пропуску B соответствует часть текста под номером 1.
Пропуску C соответствует часть текста под номером 2.
Пропуску D соответствует часть текста под номером 4.
Пропуску E соответствует часть текста под номером 7.
Пропуску F соответствует часть текста под номером 3.
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Источник: ФИПИ. Открытый банк тестовых заданий
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Тест с похожими заданиями
Прочитайте текст и
заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7.
Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие
соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
Peter
and Paul Fortress
The Peter
and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, located on small Hare Island, is the historic core of the city. The history of St. Petersburg begins with the history
of the fortress.
Since 1700 Russia had been fighting the Northern War against Sweden. By 1703 the lands by the Neva River were conquered. To protect them from the attacks of the Swedes it was necessary to
build a strong outpost here. The fortress was founded on Hare Island 16 (27) May, 1703 by joint plan of Peter I and French engineer Joseph-Gaspard Lambert de
Guerin. This day is well known A_______________________.
The fortress
stretches from west to east with six bastions B_______________________.
The Peter’s Gate on the east side, C_____________________, has remained
since the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Cathedral, D_______________________
emperors and the monument of Russian baroque, was completed after the death
of the emperor, in 1733. The weathervane as a golden angel with a cross, E_______________________,
is one of the main symbols of the city. On the opposite side of the cathedral,
there is the Mint building, constructed in the time of Paul I by architect A.
Porto. Coinage was moved to the fortress F_______________________ in the
time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Fortress has never directly participated in
any fighting. From the very beginning of its existence it was used as a
political prison. Since 1924 the Peter and Paul Fortress has been a part of the
Museum of the History of St. Petersburg.
| 1. |
that are located at the corners |
| 2. |
which was designed by D. Trezzini |
| 3. |
as the most protected part of the city |
| 4. |
which was the burial place of Russian |
| 5. |
as the day of the birth of St. Petersburg |
| 6. |
and reminding of the rich history of the city |
| 7. |
which is located on the spire of the cathedral |
Раздел 1. Аудирование
1
1
Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A—F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1—7. Используйте каждую букву, обозначающую утверждение, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в поле справа.
Нажмите , чтобы прослушать запись
1. Work affects family holidays.
2. There is no need to go far to make memories.
3. Sometimes I’d like to change places with my clients.
4. New places can be hard to find.
5. Negative side effects of an exciting job.
6. Nobody has ever taught me how to travel.
7. This world is too exciting to stay home.
2
2
Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений A—G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Вы услышите запись дважды.
Нажмите , чтобы прослушать запись
A. Jake succeeded in his school-leaving exams.
B. Jake has an elder brother.
C. Jake wants to teach the subject Miss Clark teaches.
D. Miss Clark is surprised with Jake’s career choice.
E. Jake doesn’t believe in the abilities of every student.
F. Miss Clark thinks Jake’s made the right choice.
G. Miss Clark isn’t happy to hear Jake’s words.
Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3—9 выберите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
Нажмите , чтобы прослушать запись
3
3
What do we learn about Alice at the beginning of the interview?
1. She has an Academy award already.
2. She’s 18 years old.
3. She was born in Brazil.
4
4
Which of the following is TRUE about Alice’s family?
1. She takes part in a business with her family.
2. All of her relatives live in São Paolo.
3. Many of her relatives work in show business.
5
5
What made Alice want to become an actress?
1. A theatre play she once saw.
2. Her school in São Paolo.
3. Glossy magazines about stars.
6
6
Which is TRUE about Alice’s current project?
1. Her character is very beautiful.
2. Her part isn’t in English.
3. Her friend offered her the role.
7
7
Why did Alice sign up for Queen of the South?
1. Because of the film director.
2. Because of the role she had to play.
3. Because she had written the book.
8
8
What does Alice’s acting coach help her with?
1. Getting to know the character.
2. Memorizing the lines.
3. Suggesting ideas about costumes.
9
9
What does Alice say about having to act in English?
1. It’s easier when she spends a long time working on it.
2. It’s no problem for her anymore.
3. It makes her translate all the time.
Раздел 2. Чтение
10
10
Установите соответствие тем 1 — 8 текстам A — G. Занесите свои ответы в соответствующее поле справа. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.
1. Reasons to be afraid
2. Fight your fear
3. A place of wonders
4. How to say thank you
5. Visiting for wild life and animals
6. Learn to be grateful
7. It’s never late to learn
8. Reading non-verbal language
A. Nowadays when it’s all too easy to send an email or text, the best way to show that you are grateful to somebody is to actually mail a hand-written card. The person who gets it will know you took the extra time and thought to write a card and put it in the mail with a nice stamp. That person will appreciate your efforts much more. Plus, you’ll get the added bonus of feeling grateful a little longer than usual as you write out each note and wait for it to arrive.
B. Music is a noble passion, and people who can play a musical instrument have always been seen as intelligent people. Learning how to play a musical instrument is far more efficient if you do it in childhood. However, there are millions of adults who learn to enjoy music throughout their lives. Moreover, they don’t focus on just one instrument, but specialize in two or even more, if they have the time and the necessary ambition.
C. Millions of people avoid air travel each year because of their fear of flying. The fear of accidents happening is probably the most common fear among air travellers. It is an understandable fear, since there have been many aviation accidents throughout history. Some people may have a fear that the plane has some type of malfunction or breakdown, while others may have a fear that the weather or turbulance will affect the plane.
D. Try to understand that being scared is just an illusion that makes you limited and miserable. Take control of your mind and don’t let your imagination create frightening pictures in your head. If you cannot deal with it, you should make attempts to leave your comfort zone. Choose things and activities you are afraid of and meet your worries face to face, because it is impossible to run away from them. Just face your troubles no matter how powerful they may seem.
E. When you get chronically bored with something, your mind gets used to seeing the world negatively. It is necessary to break the chain of negative thoughts and train your mind to notice the best. Just write down 5 things you are thankful for. This way, your mind will change for the better in a while. The thankfulness will open your eyes to the beauty of the world around you and will help you to focus on positive moments in your life.
F. If you go to Ireland, go to isolated distant places in the country, talk to the locals and they will tell you the stories about the mythical Irish place, called the Otherworld. They believe that it is the land of paradise and happiness. In Irish poetry and tales, it is described as a series of islands near Ireland where the various fairytale creatures lived. Also the Otherworld seemed to be able to move from one location to another.
G. Many people can understand the nature of character without talking to the person they are interested in. The gestures and postures usually reflect the mood and the level of the person’s confidence. It’s easy to notice a highly confident person even in a big group of people. They stand in one place without constant moving from place to place, and they always make eye contact with the person they are talking to.
11
11
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке лишняя.
1. as the day of the birth of St. Petersburg
2. which was designed by D. Trezzini
3. which was the burial place of Russian
4. and reminding of the rich history of the city
5. as the most protected part of the city
6. which is located on the spire of the cathedral
7. that are located at the corners
Peter and Paul Fortress
The Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, located on small Hare Island, is the historic core of the city. The history of St. Petersburg begins with the history of the fortress.
Since 1700 Russia had been fighting the Northern War against Sweden. By 1703 the lands by the Neva River were conquered. To protect them from the attacks of the Swedes it was necessary to build a strong outpost here. The fortress was founded on Hare Island 16 (27) May, 1703 by joint plan of Peter I and French engineer Joseph-Gaspard Lambert de Guerin. This day is well known A_______________________.
The fortress stretches from west to east with six bastions B_______________________. The Peter’s Gate on the east side, C_____________________, has remained since the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Cathedral, D_______________________ emperors and the monument of Russian baroque, was completed after the death of the emperor, in 1733. The weathervane as a golden angel with a cross, E_______________________, is one of the main symbols of the city. On the opposite side of the cathedral, there is the Mint building, constructed in the time of Paul I by architect A. Porto. Coinage was moved to the fortress F_______________________ in the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Fortress has never directly participated in any fighting. From the very beginning of its existence it was used as a political prison. Since 1924 the Peter and Paul Fortress has been a part of the Museum of the History of St. Petersburg.
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18, обводя цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа.
Mind over mass media
New forms of media have always caused moral panic: the printing press, newspapers, and television were all once denounced as threats to their consumers’ brainpower and moral fiber. So too with electronic technologies. PowerPoint, we’re told, is reducing discourse to bullet points. Search engines lower our intelligence, encouraging us to skim on the surface of knowledge rather than dive to its depths. Twitter is shrinking our attention spans.
But such panic often fails basic reality checks. When comic books were accused of turning juveniles into criminals in the 1950s, crime was falling to record lows. The decades of television, transistor radios and rock videos were also decades in which I.Q. scores rose continuously.
For a reality check today, take the state of science, which demands high levels of brainwork. These days scientists are never far from their e-mail, rarely touch paper and cannot lecture without PowerPoint. If electronic media were hazardous to intelligence, the quality of science would be plummeting. Yet discoveries are multiplying like fruit flies, and progress is dizzying.
Critics of new media sometimes use science itself to press their case, citing research that shows how “experience can change the brain”. But cognitive neuroscientists roll their eyes at such talk. Experience does not remake the basic information-processing capacities of the brain. Speed-reading programs have long claimed to do just that, but the verdict was rendered by Woody Allen after he read “War and Peace” in one sitting: “It was about Russia.”
Moreover, the effects of experience are highly specific to the experiences themselves. If you train people to do one thing, they get better at doing that thing, but almost nothing else. Music doesn’t make you better at math. Accomplished people immerse themselves in their fields. Novelists read lots of novels, scientists read lots of science.
The effects of consuming electronic media are also likely to be far more limited than the panic implies. Media critics write as if the brain takes on the qualities of whatever it consumes, the informational equivalent of “you are what you eat”. As with primitive peoples who believe that eating fierce animals will make them fierce, they assume that reading Twitter postings turns your thoughts into Twitter postings.
Yes, the continual arrival of information packets can be distracting or addictive. But distraction is not a new phenomenon. The solution is to develop strategies of self-control. Turn off Twitter when you work and put away your smartphone at dinner time.
And to encourage intellectual depth, don’t rail at PowerPoint or Google. It’s not as if habits of deep reflection or thorough research ever came naturally to people. They must be acquired in universities, and maintained with constant analysis, criticism and debate. They are not granted by propping a heavy encyclopedia on your lap, nor are they taken away by efficient access to information on the Internet.
The new media have caught on for a reason. Knowledge is increasing exponentially; human brainpower and waking hours are not. Fortunately, the Internet and information technologies are helping us manage and search our collective intellectual output at different scales, from Twitter to e-books and online encyclopedias. Far from making us stupid, these technologies are the only things that will keep us smart.
12
12
At the beginning of the article the author reminds that the new media technologies …
1. turn our attention off morals.
2. used to frighten the majority of people.
3. improve human brainpower.
4. could make people less intelligent.
13
13
What has life proved about electronic technologies according to the author?
1. Scientists can’t do without them.
2. They could increase the crime level.
3. They don’t disrupt brainwork.
4. Television influences intelligence.
14
14
According to the author, the arguments of the critics of new media make neuroscientists feel …
1. annoyed.
2. amused.
3. surprised.
4. confused.
15
15
What does the example of Woody Allen’s reading of “War and Peace” illustrate?
1. Scientific research of brain supports critics of new media.
2. Technology hardly influences the way brain deals with information.
3. Experience with technology is significant for intellectual abilities.
4. Speed-reading programs improve information-processing.
16
16
The phrasal verb “takes on” in “Media critics write as if the brain takes on the qualities …” (paragraph 6) is closest in meaning to …
1. adapts
2. changes.
3. acquires.
4. rejects.
17
17
Which negative effect of information flood does the author recognise?
1. Inefficient access to data.
2. Lack of self-control.
3. Continuous distraction.
4. Shallow mindedness.
18
18
What idea is expressed in the last paragraph?
1. New media help us keep up with life.
2. Human knowledge is developing too fast.
3. New media are the result of collective brainwork.
4. There are different ways to manage knowledge.
Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика
Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные жирными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Перенесите полученный ответ в соответствующее поле справа. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19 — 25. Ответ пишите без пробелов и иных знаков.
19
19
Did you know?
Here are some interesting facts about Australia. Canberra __________________ as the capital because Sydney and Melbourne could not stop arguing which city should be the capital of Australia.CHOOSE
20
20
The sports capital of the world has 70 percent of __________________ total population participating at least once a week in a particular recreational activity or sport.IT
21
21
80 % of Australians believe Australia has a strong culture and identity characterised by honesty, sports and multiculturalism based on research __________________ by the Australia Day Council of NSW in 2008.ORGANISE
22
22
The wolf and the goat
A hungry wolf was out searching for a meal. He __________________ a goat feeding on grass on top of a high cliff. The wolf wished to get the goat to climb down from the rock and into his grasp and he called out to her. SEE
23
23
“Excuse me, dear Goat,” he said in a friendly voice, “It is very dangerous for you to be at such a height. Do come down before you injure yourself. Besides, the grass is much __________________ down here. Take my advice, and please come down from that high cliff.”GREEN
24
24
But the goat knew too well of the wolf’s intent. “You __________________ if I eat good grass or bad.NOT CARE
25
25
What you care about is __________________ me.”EAT
Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные жирными буквам в конце строк 26—31, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните соответствующее поле справа полученными словами. Каждое поле соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26—31.
26
26
Texas Rodeo
The rodeo is a really exciting event. It is a thrilling __________________ between cowboys from all over the country.COMPETE
27
27
It has a long tradition and even today there are rodeo schools which keep it alive and __________________.PROFESSION
28
28
The rodeo is a spectacular sight. If a __________________ has a place in the first row of the arena, he or she may even be sprinkled with sand by the passing horses.VISIT
29
29
The __________________ usually starts with an opening ceremony by horsemen dressed in bright colours and carrying flags.PERFORM
30
30
All through the show the master of the ceremony __________________ jokes with special clowns.CONSTANT
31
31
A rodeo in Texas is certainly an exciting experience which is practically __________________ for a tourist to forget.POSSIBLE
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32 — 38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32 — 38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.
How to become a good leader
Being a good leader takes work. It is not hard at all to 32 ______ the difference between a good and a bad boss. Exceptional leaders – those who are respected and 33 ______ by their team – have a lot of secret skills that they put to use every day.
Firstly, building relationships – both with your team and your partners – is crucial in leading a team. That means your success depends greatly 34 ______ interpersonal skills and emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is the ability to recognize, understand, and manage our emotions, as well as understand the emotions of others. It’s a part of how we navigate social situations and then make decisions to 35 ______ goals. Several studies have found that a strong emotional intelligence is a top factor for a leader’s success. 36 ______ to the research, managers with the strongest emotional intelligence were much more likely to succeed.
Exceptional leaders are ones who regularly 37 ______ employees of the main goal. A team needs to know what they’re marching toward. With a larger vision in mind, their day-to-day work has more purpose.
Great leaders 38 ______ sure their daily behavior is a model for their team. They’re reliable (meaning they always follow through on what they’ve promised), they respect people’s time (meaning they don’t make others wait unnecessarily), and they retain a thoughtful, objective approach to problems or issues.
33
33
amazed
impressed
enjoyed
admired
35
35
achieve
manage
complete
master
36
36
Regarding
Concerning
Including
According
37
37
review
revise
recall
remind
Раздел 4. Письмо
При выполнении заданий 39 и 40 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются.
39
You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Nancy:
From: [email protected]
To: [email protected]
Subject: Welcome
… This year we had a school costume party for Halloween. It was a big success. What costume would you fancy wearing to a costume party? What would you rather do: make a costume yourself or buy one, and why? What do you think of costume parties in general?
Our history teacher is taking us to a museum for a field trip next week …
Write an email to Nancy.
In your message
— answer her questions
— ask 3 questions about the museum.
Write 100–140 words.
Remember the rules of email writing.
40
40.1. Imagine that you are doing a project on the composition of air in Zetland. You have found some data on the subject (see the table below). Comment on the data in the table and give your personal opinion on the subject of the project.
Write 200−250 words. Use the following plan:
— make an opening statement on the subject of the project work;
— select and report 2−3 main features;
— make 1−2 comparisons where relevant;
— outline a problem that can arise with the air composition and suggest the way of solving it;
— draw a conclusion giving your personal opinion on the importance of a country’s area
40.2. Imagine that you are doing a project on the number of lakes in various countries. You have found some data on the subject (see the diagram below). Comment on the data in the diagram and give your personal opinion on the subject of the project.
Write 200−250 words. Use the following plan:
— make an opening statement on the subject of the project work;
— select and report 2−3 main features;
— make 1−2 comparisons where relevant;
— outline a problem that can arise with the quantity of lakes and suggest the way of solving it;
— draw a conclusion giving your personal opinion on the importance of clean air in the modern world
Раздел 5. Говорение
Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.
41
A tree is a woody plant of a big size, usually over 20 feet high. It grows with a single trunk with branches on the upper part. The parts of a tree are the leaves and needles, buds, cones and flowers, branches and twigs, a trunk or a stem and roots. The world’s tallest tree is situated in California, the USA. The world’s oldest tree is also in California. It is more than 4600 years old.
Trees have many important functions. For example, they help prevent erosion. They also provide building materials. Many trees are grown by people because of their edible fruits and nuts. Without trees it would be difficult for people to breathe. Trees keep our air supply fresh. They take in harmful gases and produce oxygen. In fact, this is the way trees and other plants make their food. One large tree can provide a day’s oxygen for up to four people.
42
Study the advertisement.
You are considering visiting the coffee shop and you’d like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask four direct questions to find out the following:
You have 20 seconds to ask each questions.
Показать ответ
1. Does your shop provide special offers?
2. Are there any discounts for regular customers?
3. What is the most popular customers?
4. Do you have a parking?
43
You are going to give an interview. You have to answer five questions. Give full answers to the questions (2−3 sentences). Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.
Interviewer: Hello everybody! It’s Teenagers Round the World Channel. Our guest today is a teenager from Russia and we are going to discuss travel. We’d like to know our guest’s point of view on this issue. Please answer five questions. So, let’s get started.
Interviewer: Is it a popular destination for tourists, where you live?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: How did the last trip that you’ve taken go?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: What are the benefits of travel?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: Would you prefer travelling domestically or internationally? Why?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: Who do you usually share your trip with?
Student: _________________________
Interviewer: Thank you very much for your interview.
Показать ответ
1. Yes, it is popular destination for tourists, because I live in Saint Petersburg. There are a lot of interesting museums, theatres, galleries in the city. Also people can visit Hermitage. It’s the great place.
2. This summer I was in Turkey. My last trip was perfect. I was swimming all day long. Also I liked to take the sunbathing.
3. The benefits of travel are new impressions, new acquaintances, learning about a new country and culture. Travel helps people to relax and to get to know something new.
4. I would prefer travelling internationally, because I adore the high level of tourist service and comfort. I also like exotic countries.
5. My family usually shares a trip with me. We travel together and it’s funny and convenient.
44
Imagine that you are doing a project “New Year with Family” together with your friend. You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2.5 minutes be ready to tell the friend about the photos
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 — лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
Peter and Paul Fortress
The Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, located on small Hare Island, is the historic core of the city. The history of St. Petersburg begins with the history of the fortress.
Since 1700 Russia had been fighting the Northern War against Sweden. By 1703 the lands by the Neva River were conquered. To protect them from the attacks of the Swedes it was necessary to build a strong outpost here. The fortress was founded on Hare Island 16 (27) May, 1703 by joint plan of Peter I and French engineer Joseph-Gaspard Lambert de Guerin. This day is well known A_______________________.
The fortress stretches from west to east with six bastions B_______________________. The Peter’s Gate on the east side, C_____________________, has remained since the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Cathedral, D_______________________ emperors and the monument of Russian baroque, was completed after the death of the emperor, in 1733. The weathervane as a golden angel with a cross, E_______________________, is one of the main symbols of the city. On the opposite side of the cathedral, there is the Mint building, constructed in the time of Paul I by architect A. Porto. Coinage was moved to the fortress F_______________________ in the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Fortress has never directly participated in any fighting. From the very beginning of its existence it was used as a political prison. Since 1924 the Peter and Paul Fortress has been a part of the Museum of the History of St. Petersburg.
1. as the day of the birth of St. Petersburg
2. which was designed by D. Trezzini
3. which was the burial place of Russian
4. and reminding of the rich history of the city
5. as the most protected part of the city
6. which is located on the spire of the cathedral
7. that are located at the corners
|
Пропуск |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
|
Часть предложения |
ЗаданПояснение.
A1 — Этот день хорошо известен «как день основания города»
B7 — bastions — множественное число. Нужен фрагмент, согласующийся с существительным во множественном числе, описывающий эти бастионы. that ARE located.
C2 — пропущенный отрывок — non-defying clause, уточняющее придаточное, выделяется запятыми, может быть убрано из предложения без потери смысла, дает дополнительную информацию.
D3 — после пропуска идет слово emperors, императоры. Предыдущий фрагмент связан по смыслу и грамматике.
E6 — Weathervane — флюгер, может быть только на шпиле (spire of the cathedral).
F5 — Пропущенный фрагмент объясняет, почему монетный двор был переведен в крепость.
Ответ: 172365
11 № 3586
Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. Reasons to be afraid
2. Fight your fear
3. A place of wonders
4. How to say thank you
5. Visiting for wild life and animals
6. Learn to be grateful
7. It’s never late to learn
8. Reading non-verbal language
A. Nowadays when it’s all too easy to send an email or text, the best way to show that you are grateful to somebody is to actually mail a hand-written card. The person who gets it will know you took the extra time and thought to write a card and put it in the mail with a nice stamp. That person will appreciate your efforts much more. Plus, you’ll get the added bonus of feeling grateful a little longer than usual as you write out each note and wait for it to arrive.
B. Music is a noble passion, and people who can play a musical instrument have always been seen as intelligent people. Learning how to play a musical instrument is far more efficient if you do it in childhood. However, there are millions of adults who learn to enjoy music throughout their lives. Moreover, they don’t focus on just one instrument, but specialize in two or even more, if they have the time and the necessary ambition.
C. Millions of people avoid air travel each year because of their fear of flying. The fear of accidents happening is probably the most common fear among air travellers. It is an understandable fear, since there have been many aviation accidents throughout history. Some people may have a fear that the plane has some type of malfunction or breakdown, while others may have a fear that the weather or turbulance will affect the plane.
D. Try to understand that being scared is just an illusion that makes you limited and miserable. Take control of your mind and don’t let your imagination create frightening pictures in your head. If you cannot deal with it, you should make attempts to leave your comfort zone. Choose things and activities you are afraid of and meet your worries face to face, because it is impossible to run away from them. Just face your troubles no matter how powerful they may seem.
E. When you get chronically bored with something, your mind gets used to seeing the world negatively. It is necessary to break the chain of negative thoughts and train your mind to notice the best. Just write down 5 things you are thankful for. This way, your mind will change for the better in a while. The thankfulness will open your eyes to the beauty of the world around you and will help you to focus on positive moments in your life.
F. If you go to Ireland, go to isolated distant places in the country, talk to the locals and they will tell you the stories about the mythical Irish place, called the Otherworld. They believe that it is the land of paradise and happiness. In Irish poetry and tales, it is described as a series of islands near Ireland where the various fairytale creatures lived. Also the Otherworld seemed to be able to move from one location to another.
G. Many people can understand the nature of character without talking to the person they are interested in. The gestures and postures usually reflect the mood and the level of the person’s confidence. It’s easy to notice a highly confident person even in a big group of people. They stand in one place without constant moving from place to place, and they always make eye contact with the person they are talking to.
|
Текст |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
|
Заголовок |
Пояснение.
A4 — the best way to show that you are grateful to somebody is to actually mail a hand-written card.
B7 — However, there are millions of adults who learn to enjoy music throughout their lives.
C1 — Some people may have a fear that the plane has some type of malfunction or breakdown, while others may have a fear that the weather or turbulance will affect the plane.
D2 — Take control of your mind and don’t let your imagination create frightening pictures in your head.
E6 — write down 5 things you are thankful for. This way, your mind will change for the better in a while.
F3 — the land of paradise and happiness… where the various fairytale creatures lived.
G8 — Many people can understand the nature of character without talking. he gestures and postures usually reflect the mood and the level of the person’s confidence.
Ответ: 4712638
Задание №8938.
Чтение. ЕГЭ по английскому
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A — F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1 — 7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя.
Peter and Paul Fortress
The Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, located on small Hare Island, is the historic core of the city. The history of St. Petersburg begins with the history of the fortress.
Since 1700 Russia had been fighting the Northern War against Sweden. By 1703 the lands by the Neva River were conquered. To protect them from the attacks of the Swedes it was necessary to build a strong outpost here. The fortress was founded on Hare Island 16 (27) May, 1703 by joint plan of Peter I and French engineer Joseph-Gaspard Lambert de Guerin. This day is well known ___ (A).
The fortress stretches from west to east with six bastions ___ (B). The Peter’s Gate on the east side, ___ (C), has remained since the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Cathedral, ___ (D) emperors and the monument of Russian baroque, was completed after the death of the emperor, in 1733. The weathervane as a golden angel with a cross, ___ (E), is one of the main symbols of the city. On the opposite side of the cathedral, there is the Mint building, constructed in the time of Paul I by architect A. Porto. Coinage was moved to the fortress ___ (F) in the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Fortress has never directly participated in any fighting. From the very beginning of its existence it was used as a political prison. Since 1924 the Peter and Paul Fortress has been a part of the Museum of the History of St. Petersburg.
1. that are located at the corners
2. which was designed by D. Trezzini
3. as the most protected part of the city
4. which was the burial place of Russian
5. as the day of the birth of St. Petersburg
6. and reminding of the rich history of the city
7. which is located on the spire of the cathedral
Решение:
Пропуску A соответствует часть текста под номером 5.
Пропуску B соответствует часть текста под номером 1.
Пропуску C соответствует часть текста под номером 2.
Пропуску D соответствует часть текста под номером 4.
Пропуску E соответствует часть текста под номером 7.
Пропуску F соответствует часть текста под номером 3.
Показать ответ
Источник: ФИПИ. Открытый банк тестовых заданий
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Тест с похожими заданиями
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 — лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
Peter and Paul Fortress
The Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, located on small Hare Island, is the historic core of the city. The history of St. Petersburg begins with the history of the fortress.
Since 1700 Russia had been fighting the Northern War against Sweden. By 1703 the lands by the Neva River were conquered. To protect them from the attacks of the Swedes it was necessary to build a strong outpost here. The fortress was founded on Hare Island 16 (27) May, 1703 by joint plan of Peter I and French engineer Joseph-Gaspard Lambert de Guerin. This day is well known A_______________________.
The fortress stretches from west to east with six bastions B_______________________. The Peter’s Gate on the east side, C_____________________, has remained since the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Cathedral, D_______________________ emperors and the monument of Russian baroque, was completed after the death of the emperor, in 1733. The weathervane as a golden angel with a cross, E_______________________, is one of the main symbols of the city. On the opposite side of the cathedral, there is the Mint building, constructed in the time of Paul I by architect A. Porto. Coinage was moved to the fortress F_______________________ in the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Fortress has never directly participated in any fighting. From the very beginning of its existence it was used as a political prison. Since 1924 the Peter and Paul Fortress has been a part of the Museum of the History of St. Petersburg.
1. as the day of the birth of St. Petersburg
2. which was designed by D. Trezzini
3. which was the burial place of Russian
4. and reminding of the rich history of the city
5. as the most protected part of the city
6. which is located on the spire of the cathedral
7. that are located at the corners
| Пропуск | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
| Часть предложения |
The Peter and Paul Fortress is the original citadel of St. Petersburg, Russia, founded by Peter the Great in 1703 and built to Domenico Trezzini’s designs from 1706 to 1740 as a star fortress.[1] Between the first half of 1700s and early 1920s it served as a prison for political criminals. It has been a museum since 1924.[2]
Today it has been adapted as the central and most important part of the State Museum of Saint Petersburg History. The museum has gradually become virtually the sole owner of the fortress building, except the structure occupied by the Saint Petersburg Mint (Monetniy Dvor).
History[edit]
From foundation until 1917[edit]
The fortress was established by Peter the Great on May 16 (Old Style; henceforth «(O.S.)»; May 27 by the Gregorian Calendar) 1703 on small Hare Island by the north bank of the Neva River, the last upstream island of the Neva delta. Built at the height of the Northern War in order to protect the projected capital from a feared Swedish counterattack, the fort never fulfilled its martial purpose. The citadel was completed with six bastions in earth and timber within a year, and it was rebuilt in stone from 1706 to 1740.
From around 1720, the fort served as a base for the city garrison and also as a prison for high-ranking or political prisoners. The Trubetskoy Bastion, rebuilt in the 1870s, became the main prison block. The first person to escape from the fortress prison was the anarchist Prince Peter Kropotkin in 1876. Other people incarcerated in the «Russian Bastille» include Shneur Zalman of Liadi, Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich, Artemy Volynsky, Tadeusz Kościuszko, Alexander Radishchev, the Decembrists, Grigory Danilevsky, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Maxim Gorky, Mikhail Bakunin, Nikolai Chernyshevsky, Leon Trotsky and Josip Broz Tito.
Russian Revolution and beyond[edit]
During the February Revolution of 1917, it was attacked by mutinous soldiers of the Pavlovsky Regiment on February 27 (O.S.) and the prisoners were freed. Under the Provisional Government, hundreds of Tsarist officials were held in the Fortress.
The Tsar was threatened with being incarcerated at the Fortress on his return from Mogilev to Tsarskoe Selo on March 8 (O.S.); but he was placed under house arrest. On July 4 (O.S.) during the July Days demonstrations, the Fortress garrison of 8,000 men declared for the Bolsheviks. They surrendered to government forces without a struggle on July 6 (O.S.).
On October 25 (O.S.), the fortress quickly fell into Bolshevik hands. Following the ultimatum from the Petrograd Soviet to the Provisional Government ministers in the Winter Palace, after the blank salvo of the Cruiser Aurora at 21.00, the guns of the Fortress fired 30 or so shells at the Winter Palace. Just two hit, inflicting only minor damage, and the defenders refused to surrender at that time. At 02.10 on the morning of October 26 (O.S.), the Winter Palace was taken by forces under Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko; the captured ministers were taken to the Fortress as prisoners.
In 1924, most of the site was converted to a museum. In 1931, the Gas Dynamics Laboratory was added to the site. The structure suffered heavy damage during the bombardment of the city during World War II by the Luftwaffe who were laying siege to the city. It has been faithfully restored post-war and is a prime tourist attraction.[1]
Public perception[edit]
In the years before and after the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, Peter and Paul Fortress was portrayed by Bolshevik propaganda as a hellish, torturous place, where thousands of prisoners suffered endlessly in filthy, cramped, and grossly overcrowded dungeons amid frequent torture and malnutrition. Such legends had the effect of turning the prison into a symbol of government oppression in the minds of the common folk. In reality, conditions in the fortress were far less brutal than believed; no more than one hundred prisoners were ever kept in the prison at a time, and most prisoners had access to such luxuries as tobacco, writing paper, and literature (including subversive books such as Karl Marx’s Das Kapital). When the fortress was liberated during the early stages of the revolution in February 1917, the prison was holding only nineteen recently incarcerated prisoners, the ringleaders of a mutinous army regiment that had sided with the revolutionaries during the mass protests on the 26th.
Despite their ultimate falsehood, stories about the prison were vital to the spread of Bolshevik revolutionary sentiment. The legends served to portray the government as cruel and indiscriminate in the administration of justice, helping to turn the common mind against Tsarist rule. Many inmates, after being released, wrote chilling and increasingly exaggerated accounts of life there that solidified the structure’s horrible image in the public mind and pushed the people further towards dissent. Writers often purposely exaggerated their experiences to garner more hatred for the government; as writer and former Peter and Paul inmate Maksim Gorky would later state, «Every Russian who had ever sat in jail as a ‘political’ prisoner considered it his holy duty to bestow on Russia his memoirs of how he had suffered.»[3]
Sights[edit]
The fortress contains several notable buildings clustered around the Peter and Paul Cathedral (1712–1733), which has a 122.5 m (402 ft) bell-tower (the tallest in the city centre) and a gilded angel-topped cupola.
The cathedral is the burial place of all Russian Emperors from Peter I to Alexander III, with the exception of Peter II and Ivan VI. The remains of Nicholas II and his family and entourage were re-interred there, in the side chapel of St. Catherine, on July 17, 1998, the 80th anniversary of their deaths. In 2006, the remains of Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna were brought from Roskilde Cathedral outside Copenhagen and reinterred next to her husband, Alexander III.
The newer Grand Ducal Mausoleum (built in the Neo-Baroque style under Leon Benois’s supervision in 1896–1908) is connected to the cathedral by a corridor. It was constructed in order to remove the remains of some of the non-reigning Romanovs from the cathedral, where there was scarcely any room for new burials. The mausoleum was expected to hold up to sixty tombs, but by the time of the Russian Revolution, there were thirteen. The latest burial was of Nicholas II’s first cousin once removed, Grand Duke Vladimir Cyrilovich (1992). The remains of his parents, Grand Duke Cyril Vladimirovich and his wife Viktoria Fyodorovna, were transferred to the mausoleum from Coburg in 1995.
Other structures inside the fortress include the still functioning Saint Petersburg Mint building[1] (constructed to Antonio Porta’s designs under Emperor Paul), the Trubetskoy Bastion with its grim prison cells, and the city museum. Annual celebrations of the city day (May 27) are normally centered on the island where the city was born.
The fortress walls overlook sandy beaches that have become among the most popular in St. Petersburg. In summer, the beach is often overcrowded, especially when a major sand festival takes place on the shore.
- Views of the fortress
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Peter and Paul Fortress. View across the Neva River
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Entrance from Ioannovsky Bridge
-
-
View of the fortress and cathedral from the Neva
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Peter and Paul Fortress at sunset
-
Walls
Midday Cannon Shot[edit]
Midday cannon shot on February 8, 2018 (dedicated to the birthday of St. Petersburg University, Prof. N. Kuznetsov)
According to a centuries-old tradition, a cannon is fired each noon from the Naryshkin Bastion. The honorary right to make a traditional midday shot is sometimes given to honorary residents and famous guests of the city.
References[edit]
External links[edit]
- Official webpage (in Russian)
- Official site of museum complex
- Satellite photo, via Google Maps
- Useful information about the Peter and Paul Fortress, read on the website tour-planet.com reviews written by real travelers
- Peter & Paul Fortress at www.spb-city.com
- The Association of Castles and Museums around the Baltic Sea
- Useful information about the Peter and Paul Fortress (in Russian)
-
1
Peter-and-Paul Fortress
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Peter-and-Paul Fortress
-
2
fortress
FORT, FORTRESS
Fort – крепость небольших размеров, соответствует русскому ‘форт’: Fort McHenry. Fortress – крепость больших размеров, способная оказать сопротивление значительным силам противника: the Peter and Paul Fortress.
Difficulties of the English language (lexical reference) English-Russian dictionary > fortress
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3
fort
FORT, FORTRESS
Fort – крепость небольших размеров, соответствует русскому ‘форт’: Fort McHenry. Fortress – крепость больших размеров, способная оказать сопротивление значительным силам противника: the Peter and Paul Fortress.
Difficulties of the English language (lexical reference) English-Russian dictionary > fort
См. также в других словарях:
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Peter and Paul Fortress — The Peter and Paul Fortress ( ru. Петропавловская крепость, Petropavlovskaya Krepost ) is the original citadel of St. Petersburg, Russia, founded by Peter the Great in 1703 and built to Domenico Trezzini s designs from 1706 to 1740. History The… … Wikipedia
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Peter and Paul Cathedral — The Peter and Paul Cathedral is located inside the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, Russia. The fortress, originally built under Peter the Great and designed by Domenico Trezzini, is the first and oldest landmark in St. Petersburg,… … Wikipedia
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Peter and Paul — St Peter and St Paul island fortress prison on the Neva facing Saint Petersburg … Eponyms, nicknames, and geographical games
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Church of Saints Peter and Paul, Nikopol — The Church of Saints Peter and Paul in Nikopol The Church of Saints Peter and Paul (Bulgarian: църква „Свети свети Петър и Павел“, tsarkva „Sveti sveti Petar i Pavel“) is a partially preserved medieval Eastern Orthodox church in t … Wikipedia
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Peter the Great — This article is about the Russian monarch. For other uses, see Peter the Great (disambiguation). Peter the Great … Wikipedia
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Peter Kropotkin — Infobox Person name = Peter Kropotkin image size = 200px caption = Kropotkin, by Nadar birth date = birth date|1842|12|09 birth place = Moscow, Russia death date = death date and age|1921|02|08|1842|12|09 death place = Dmitrov, Russia occupation … Wikipedia
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Paul von Rennenkampf — Infobox Military Person name=Paul von Rennenkampf lived=birth date|1854|04|17 – death date and age|1918|04|01|1854|04|17 caption=General Paul von Rennenkampf, 1905 nickname= placeofbirth= placeofdeath= allegiance=flagicon|Russia Russian Empire… … Wikipedia
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Peter Kakhovsky — Pyotr Grigoryevich Kakhovsky ( ru. Пётр Григорьевич Каховский, 1797 ndash; July 25 N.S. 1826) was a Russian officer, active participant of Decembrist revolt, killer of Mikhail Andreyevich Miloradovich and colonel Sturler.BiographyPyotr Kakhovsky… … Wikipedia
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Paul I of Russia — Paul I Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias Reign 17 November 1796 – 23 March 1801 ( 100000000000000040000004 years, 10000000000000126000000126 days) … Wikipedia
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Peter II of Russia — Peter II Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias Reign 18 May 1727 – 30 January 1730 ( 100000000000000020000002 years, 10000000000000257000000 … Wikipedia
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Basilica of St Peter and St Paul — The Basilica of St Peter and St Paul is a neo Gothic church in Vyšehrad fortress in Prague.Originally built in the 19th century, the church suffered a fire in the early 20th century and has been rebuilt. The cathedral features an impressive stone … Wikipedia
The first cathedral of St Petersburg, a burial place of the Romanov dynasty.
Permanent display in the bell tower of Peter and Paul Cathedral tells about the main stages of its construction and restoration.
Trubetskoy Bastion Prison of Peter and Paul Fortress functioned from 1872 until 1921 as the main political prison of the Imperial Russia
Exhibition in the Commandant’s House of Peter and Paul Fortress tells about different aspects of daily life of the citizens of St Petersburg.
Permanent display in the Neva Curtain Wall explores the history of construction and developmeent of Peter and Paul Fortress.
The Museum permanent exhibition is devoted to the history of Russian cosmonautics and rocket technology and the role played by the Petersburg-Leningrad scientists, engineers, and designers in the development of this area of Russian science and technology.
History of the development of decorative ceramics in architecture and interior decor.
A collection of Art Nouveau applied art: furniture, lighting, porcelain and glass, metal household items, stained glass
About 5000 objects of porcelain and glassware from the collection of ceramics and glassware of the State Museum of the History of St Petersburg.
Game sightseeing tour of the Peter and Paul Fortress
Daily, except Wednesday (by appointment)
For children from 6 years old
Groups up to 20 people.
Registration by phone: 230-19-32 (on weekdays from 10:00 to 18:00),
+7 (911) 248-10-19 (from 10:00 to 18:00) and in the group VK
Подборка по базе: St Petersburg.docx, 187411_St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University_23.05.2
Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст « The St. Petersburg of Peter the Great » по ссылке:
http://www.saint-petersburg.com/history/first-years.asp
St. Petersburg in the era of Catherine I (1725-1727)
Catherine’s reign was brief and in general saw projects brought to fruiting that had been earlier conceived by her late husband, Peter the Great. Her reign started with Peter’s opulent state funeral, according to new ceremonial guidelines that the «Tsar Reformer» had himself developed. Catherine ordered a wax figure to be made of Peter the Great, and the features of the sovereign could be accurately reproduced thanks to a death mask that was molded only a few hours after his death. This wax figure can be viewed in the Hermitage on the private tour «Peter the Great’s Winter Palace» (a fragment of which was restored within the Hermitage Theater building).
While he was still alive, Peter gave Catherine an estate and hunting grounds to the south of Petersburg, which was supposed to become her personal property and to give this woman born in humble circumstances the glossy status of a landowner. A small stone palace was built for Catherine on this estate, called Sarskaya Manor, which her daughter Elizabeth (the future Empress) inherited after her death and which was eventually transformed into the grandiose palace and park ensemble of Tsarskoye Selo that today is visited by several million tourists every year.
Catherine had another palace and park, located on an island off the coast of the Baltic Sea, and named in Ekateringof in German style (meaning Catherine’s Court). Unfortunately, this wooden palace burned down in 1924, but its name is still preserved in the Kateringof Park near Narvskaya Metro Station.
Inasmuch as the Empress did not engage in affairs of state, the country was run by the Supreme Privy Council. The Senate and Colleges (Ministries) that met in the Twelve Colleges building were subordinated to the Council.
In 1727, the first «floating» (pontoon) bridge spanning the Neva appeared. It was called St. Isaac’s Bridge and was located in front of the present site of the Bronze Horseman monument. Across the Neva on Vaslievsky Island, a widening of University Embankment can still be detected at the spot where the bridge’s foundations on that side of the river were placed.
On the whole, Catherine’s reign did not leave many notable traces in St. Petersburg, but rather, was a harbinger of the difficult times ahead that the city was to experience with the accession to the throne of the young Peter II.
There are no individual monuments to Catherine I in Petersburg, but her image appears in a sculptural group entitled «The Tsar’s Walk» that depicts Catherine together with Peter the Great and two hunting dogs. This sculptural group is located near the National Congress Palace in Strelna.
Петербург в эпоху Екатерины I (1725-1727)
Царствование Екатерины было недолгим и, в целом, привело к плодотворным проектам, которые ранее задумал ее покойный муж Петр Великий. Ее правление началось с роскошных государственных похорон Петра, согласно новым церемониальным правилам, разработанным самим «Царским Реформатором». Екатерина приказала сделать из Петра Великого восковую фигуру, и черты государя могли быть точно воспроизведены благодаря маске смерти, которая была сформована всего через несколько часов после его смерти. Эту восковую фигуру можно увидеть в Эрмитаже во время частного тура «Зимний дворец Петра Великого» (фрагмент которого был восстановлен в здании Эрмитажного театра).
Пока он был еще жив, Петр подарил Екатерине поместье и охотничьи угодья к югу от Петербурга, которые должны были стать ее личной собственностью и дать этой женщине, рожденной в скромных условиях, блестящий статус помещика. В этом поместье для Екатерины был построен небольшой каменный дворец, который назывался Сарской усадьбой, унаследованный ее дочерью Елизаветой (будущей императрицей) после ее смерти, и который в итоге был преобразован в грандиозный дворцово-парковый ансамбль Царского Села, который сегодня посещают несколько человек. миллион туристов каждый год.
У Екатерины был еще один дворец и парк, расположенный на острове у берегов Балтийского моря, и названный в Екатеринофе по-немецки (имеется в виду Екатерининский двор). К сожалению, этот деревянный дворец сгорел в 1924 году, но его название до сих пор сохранилось в парке Кейтеринг у станции метро Нарвская.
Поскольку императрица не занималась государственными делами, страной управлял Высший тайный совет. Сенат и колледжи (министерства), собравшиеся в здании Двенадцати колледжей, были подчинены Совету.
В 1727 году появился первый «плавучий» (понтонный) мост через Неву. Он назывался Исаакиевским мостом и располагался напротив нынешнего места памятника Медному всаднику. Через Неву на Васлиевском острове еще можно обнаружить расширение Университетской набережной в том месте, где были заложены основания моста по ту сторону реки.
В целом, царствование Екатерины не оставило много заметных следов в Санкт-Петербурге, а, скорее, предвестник предстоящих трудных времен, которые город должен был пережить с восшествием на престол молодого Петра II.
В Петербурге нет отдельных памятников Екатерине I, но ее изображение появляется в скульптурной группе «Царская прогулка», на которой изображены Екатерина вместе с Петром Великим и двумя охотничьими собаками. Эта скульптурная группа находится недалеко от Дворца Национального Конгресса в Стрельне.
Задание 2. Ответьте на вопросы. Перескажите текст.
1.What was the first construction in St. Petersburg?
The first structure to be built in the new city was the Peter and Paul fortress.
2.Why was Peter and Paul’s fortress built?
It was originally designed to protect the area from possible attacks
3.What was Peter the Great’s first residence in the city?
The Great’s first residence in the city was a small hut, known now as the Cabin of Peter the Great.
4.Where did social events take part?
Most of the city’s prestigious social events took place either in the Summer Gardens or in the residence of the Governor General of St. Petersburg — the luxurious Menshikov Palace.
5.Whose governing the city made it decline for a short period after Peter the Great’s death?
When Peter the Great died, his wife Catherine assumed power.
6.When was Saint Petersburg fully revived?
St. Petersburg was only fully revived when Peter’s daughter Elizabeth became Empress in 1741.
Задание 3. Выпишите значения слов и выражений из словаря.
1.swampy area – болотистая местность
2.capital — столица
3.to protect — защищать
4.fortress — крепость
5.vessels — судно, корабль
6.victory — победа
7.shipbuilding — судостроение
8.to commission – вводить в эксплуатацию
9.square — площадь
10.luxurious — роскошный
11.to survive — выжить
12.cathedral – собор
13.merchant – торговец, купец
14.ruler — правитель
15.empress — императрица
16.to revive — возродить
17.decline – снижение
Задание 4. В предложениях заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами из Задания 3, поставив их в правильную грамматическую форму.
1.The first structure to be built in the new city was the Peter and Paul fortress.
2.Many of the powerful ships of Russia’s Baltic Fleet were to lead Russia to a great series of naval victories during the course of the Northern War.
3.Many of St. Petersburg’s street and district names still remind us today of Peter the Great’s preparations for war and the great shipbuilding industry he instituted.
4.As the city developed the Tsar commissioned a Summer Palace to be built for him in 1714 and later a Winter Palace, just a little further down the river.
5.Unfortunately, very few of the city’s buildings from the early 18th century have survived, many having been torn down or remodeled.
6.When Peter the Great died in 1725, his wife Catherine assumed power and the city experienced a short decline while various rulers fought over the throne.
7.Many of the nobility and merchants, forced by Peter the Great to move to St. Petersburg, now chose to leave the city.
8.St. Petersburg was only fully revived when Peter’s daughter Elizabeth became Empress in 1741.
9.Elizabethan St. Petersburg became a lively European capital and its population reached 150,000 people.
Задание 5. Подберите антонимы к следующим словам.
1. to protect a. austere
2. victory b. to rise
3. luxurious c. to destroy
4. to survive d. defeat
5. to decline e. peace
6. to build f. to attack
7. war g. to die
1 – f, 2 – d, 3 – a, 4 – g, 5 – b, 6 – c, 7 – e
Аудирование
Задание 6. Посмотрите видео о Санкт-Петербурге по ссылке http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXHsrLH4UUk
Задание 7. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски словами, подходящими по смыслу.
tombs
cobblestone
gilded
extensive
baroque
cascades
fortress
boulevards
commemorates
Cathedral
St.Petersburg’s oldest building is Peter and Paul’s fortress which dates back to 1703 and was built by Peter the Great to defend the city against the Swedes. The highlight here is the magnificent baroque Peter and Paul Cathedral which holds the tombs of most of Russia’s pre-Revolutionary rulers including Peter the Great and Catherine the Great. Nevsky Prospekt was one of Europe’s grandest boulevards with palaces, squares, bridges and cobblestone streets that now house shops, restaurants, banks and museums.
Peterhof was built by Peter the Great in the 18th century. It is the complex of palaces and extensive gardens built on a grand scale with fountain cascades and gilded statues. The central point is the Great Cascade which has over 140 fountains and the statue of Samson opening the lion’s jaw. This statue commemorates Russian’s victory over Sweden in a great Northern war.