Решу егэ the portobello festival

Расшифровка записи

Callum: Hello, I’m Callum Robinson and this is Entertainment. Our topic today is films and film festivals. You may have heard of the Venice Film Festival and the Cannes Film Festival, glorious occasions with A-list celebrities from the movie world turning out to promote their latest projects. A festival you might not know is the Portobello Film Festival which is currently taking place in Portobello, an area of West London. It’s had its own independent film festival for a number of years and to learn more about it I’ve invited the festival’s director Jonathan Barnett. So, Jonathan, could you tell us about when and how the festival started.

Jonathan Barnett: Well, it started in 1996 because even back in those days there were people making very low budget films often using video equipment and there wasn’t really anywhere for them to show their films so we thought it would be nice to provide a platform for these filmmakers. We had the mad idea at the time of showing every film that was submitted and we also decided not to charge because I suppose at heart we weren’t rabid capitalists.

Callum: So the festival started as a way of giving unknown filmmakers somewhere to show their films. As Jonathan said, to give them a platform. Then I’ve got a question. How many films are being shown and how do you manage to pay for it, for running the festival, I mean?

Jonathan Barnett: This year we’re showing 700 films. The money comes in from funding mostly, we get money from people and organizations like Film London and the Arts Council and we also get different kinds of support from sponsors. So we don’t have to pay for advertising, we don’t have to pay for launch parties, we don’t have to pay for prizes.

Callum: Over the first three weeks of August 700 films are being shown as part of the Portobello Film Festival. What kind of films can be seen? Are they just short student films or does the festival attract big names as well? Here’s the festival’s director Jonathan Barnett.

Jonathan Barnett: The actual films we’re showing are a lot better than anything you’ll see on TV or on multiplexes and it’s everything from student films and we also get stuff from top filmmakers like, for instance, John Malkovich. So I think because we’re a festival that has a reputation for a certain amount of integrity and also being a little bit out on a limb we attract the big names as well as people who are just starting out. The first year of the festival we had Guy Ritchie’s first film which was called the “Hard Case”, which was fantastic, it’s exactly the same as Lock Stock and Snatch but he was kind of formulating his ideas and it was a short film.

Callum: As far as I know, the Portobello Film Festival runs until the 21st of August as well as films there are other arts events, a variety of fantastic concerts, exhibitions and presentations. You want the festival to be more than just for film, don’t you?

Jonathan Barnett: Yes, what we want it to be is, we want it to be a bit like a kind of cross between Glastonbury festival and Edinburgh festival, but for free and set in Portobello Road.

Callum: We also hope it would become a big arts festival — amazing, unforgettable and a good start for young talents!

That’s all from Entertainment this week.

Задание №7285.
Аудирование. ЕГЭ по английскому

Вы услышите интервью. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды.

The Portobello Festival differs from festivals in Cannes and Venice as it
1) is running its second season only.
2) is not so fashionable and well-known.
3) does not attract celebrities.

Решение:
The Portobello Festival differs from festivals in Cannes and Venice as it is not so fashionable and well-known.
Фестиваль Портобелло отличается от фестивалей в Каннах и Венеции тем, что он не такой модный и известный.

«A festival you might not know is the Portobello Film Festival which is currently taking place in Portobello, an area of West London.»

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Источник: ЕГЭ. Английский язык: типовые экзаменационные варианты. Под ред. М.В. Вербицкой

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Тест с похожими заданиями

Task 1.1.

1. I am sure that wise attitude to basic earth supplies is necessary.

2. I find many simple ways to help our planet in everyday life.

3. I am for the use of energy saving practices in house construction.

4. I do not want my family to live in polluted environment.

5. I am afraid of the after-effects of human activities.

6. I would like to see new energy saving laws introduced.

7. I feel unhappy because I can’t change public attitude to our planet.

Говорящий	A	B	C	D	E	F
Утверждение

Task 2.1.                        1) True   2) False   3) Not stated

1. The client is going to London this week.

2. The client has chosen an evening flight.

3. The client is flying to London for sightseeing.

4. The ticket price seems okay for the client.

5. It’s the shortest possible flight to London.

6. The client dislikes London airports except for Heathrow.

7. The final ticket price is lower than the original one.

Утверждение	A	B	C	D	E	F	G
Соответствие диалогу

Task 3-9.1.

3. The Portobello Festival differs from festivals in Cannes and Venice as it:

  1) does not attract celebrities.

  2) is not so fashionable and well-known.

  3) is running its second season only.

4. The festival was initially founded to:  

                           1) let independent filmmakers demonstrate their work.

                           2) help different filmmakers earn money.

                           3) advertise video equipment but not to show films.

5. According to the festival’s director they made the festival free because:

    1) there are no expensive prizes and launch parties.

    2) they get enough money for placing advertisements.

    3) sponsors and funds provide good financial support.

6. One characteristic feature of the Portobello Festival is that:

    1) 700 films are shown each festival season.

    2) student films are shown together with professionals’ works.

    3) only short films are chosen for the festival annually.

7. The festival’s director believes that their films are: 1) worthy to be shown on TV.

                                                                                      2) the world’s top hits.

                                                                                      3) of better quality than TV films.

8. The famous filmmaker whose first film was shown at the festival is: 1) John Malkovich.

                                                                                                            2) Guy Ritchie.

                                                                                                            3) Jonathan Barnett.

9. Speaking about future plans, the festival’s director:

    1) sounds optimistic about the festival extension.

    2) believes the festival should turn to other arts mostly.

    3) thinks the festival will be united with Glastonbury or Edinburgh events.

Task 1.2.

1. It’s another time to spend money.

2. Valentines make a big business.

3. Its traditions tend to fade.

4. It’s a traditional Valentine’s Day present and no one should spare money for it.

5. Even journalists need information about Valentine’s Day.

6. Writing Valentines has a very long history.

7. There’s always something against the Day.

Говорящий	A	B	C	D	E	F
Утверждение

Task 2.2.                        1) True   2) False   3) Not stated

1. When leaving school Emily already knew that she would study medicine.

2. Emily left Melbourne to get new experiences.

3. Emily moved to Finland because she found her lab work in London boring.

4. In Finland people at university preferred to speak Finnish with Emily.

5. David is not happy about his experience of learning French in France.

6. David would like to go by the trans-Siberian train one day.

7. Emily is going to London again to continue her studies of immune system.

Утверждение	A	B	C	D	E	F	G
Соответствие диалогу

Task 3-9.2.

Task 1.1.

Speaker A. I try to care about our planet. Some people argue that it’s impossible for an individual to affect major changes, but I disagree as there’re many things everyone can do to help our planet. Let’s start with our homes. Encouraging your family to recycle regularly is a good thing to start with. Every glass bottle you recycle saves enough energy to run a TV for an hour, while recycling an aluminum can saves enough energy to run a TV for three hours! It’s not difficult to turn out the lights when you leave a room or use re-useable containers for your lunches.

Speaker В. My name is Walton and I’m from the USA. I’m personally concerned about our environment pollution. I try to protect the environment, to preserve it and leave it clean and undamaged for the next generations who are at risk of not being able to leave their homes due to the high city pollution. Yet now, in my native city (Boston) the smog has increased to such a threatening level that my family and I had to move, because the air was harmful to the health of my 4-year-old son.

Speaker С. In my country, England, there is hardly a part of it that is within its natural state. The typical English countryside, the hills and fields, have all been shaped by generations of cultivation. In fact, taking the planet as a whole there is hardly a part of it that humans have not changed. I fear that by our pollution humans are changing the places where they do not live and where they live. Deserts are becoming hotter, arctic ice is melting and wherever you look you can see the ugly footprint of humanity.

Speaker D. Of course we should care more about our planet water supplies. When you use water wisely, you help the environment. You save water for fish and animals. You help preserve drinking water supplies as well. You save the energy that your water supplier uses to move water to you and the energy your family uses to heat your water. When you use water wisely, you save money as your family pays for the water you use. So if kids start learning to use water wisely today, they will be helping themselves in the future.

Speaker E. My name is Susan and I’m 17 years old. I think the earth is the home we all live in but many people simply don’t care. I get depressed by all those warnings that we hear daily, acid rain, global warming and on and on. It is likely that there will always be some people who litter in towns and in the country, despite fines and knowledge of the environmental consequences. You cannot influence the way other people care for our planet and that makes me very sad.

Speaker F. I suggest we should use all resources in the most efficient way possible. A green home will be a good solution here as it helps to conserve energy as well as water. Waste and pollution will be decreased too. A green home protects the environment by using renewable solar energy. Solar panels on the roof of a home collect sunlight, which is then converted into power to heat the home and run the home equipment. So a green home will save energy as well as money in addition to having other health benefits.

A−7: Let’s start with our homes. Encouraging your family to recycle regularly is a good

         thing to start with.

B−5: I had to move, because the air was harmful to the health of my 4-year-old son.

C−3: I fear that by our pollution humans are changing the places where they do not live  

         and where they live.

D−4: Water wisely, you help the environment. You save water for fish and animals. You

          help preserve drinking water supplies as well.

E−1: I get depressed by all those warnings that we hear daily, acid rain, global warming  

         and on and on.

F−6: So a green home will save energy as well as money in addition to having other health

         benefits.

Task 2.1.               A-2,  B-1,  C-2,   D-2,  E-3,   F-3,   G- 2

A. The client is going to London this week. — А неверно

Слышим I need to fly to London next Monday and I’d like to make reservations for a round trip ticket. Выражение next Monday — маячок, что высказывание А неверно, ведь в нем говорится про this week.

B. The client has chosen an evening flight.- В верно

Слышим I’d rather leave at 9 p.m. — очевидно, что высказывание В верно, несмотря на дальнейшие слова I have to get to London early in the morning, as early as possible, которые легко могут сбить с толку.

C. The client is flying to London for sightseeing.- С неверно

Слышим It’s a business trip, you know, выходит, что цель поездки — бизнес, а высказывание С неверно. В конце записи прозвучит I might want to see some sights or spend the night at the theater, фраза see some sights — ловушка, герой диалога предполагает, что ему захочется это сделать, но не уверен, поэтому использует модальный глагол might. В данном случае, see some sights — лишь возможный вариант досуга героя, но точно не причина его поездки.

D. The ticket price seems okay for the client.- D неверно

Предложение с подвохом! Сначала, мы узнаем, что цена оказалась выше ожиданий мужчины ($440 вместо $400), потом слышим его негодование That’s ridiculous! It’s too much! После убеждений продавца он произносит Okaaay, if I don’t have any other choices… Слово okay звучит, но означает ли это, что цена для него действительно okay? Нет, мы слышим его недовольство в обеих фразах, значит высказывание D неверно.

E. It’s the shortest possible flight to London.- Not Stated.

На вопрос What’s the flying time? мы слышим только 6 hours и больше ничего. Информации о том, как долго длятся другие рейсы, нет. Получается, что у нас недостаточно данных, чтобы подтвердить или опровергнуть высказывание, выбираем ответ Not Stated.

F. The client dislikes London airports except for Heathrow.

Мужчина действительно задает вопрос про аэропорт What’s the destination airport? и слышит в ответ, что прилетает в Heathrow, как раз, как в нашем высказывании. Дальше он явно радуется этому факту That’s good news! I don’t expect a lot of traffic jams on my way then, and you can always rent a decent car there. Даже если слова decent, rent, traffic jams не известны, не трудно понять, что говорящему аэропорт Heathrow пришелся по душе. Но в нашем высказывании он должен dislike все остальные аэропорты в городе. Он что-то говорит про них? Правильно, нет. Мы, конечно, можем решить, что раз он так обрадовался этому аэропорту, значит остальные ему скорее всего не нравятся, но это будет лишь нашей догадкой, опираться в выборе ответа на догадки нельзя. Высказывание F — Not Stated.

G. The final ticket price is lower than the original one.- G неверно.

В конце разговора покупатель не может определиться с датой обратного вылета и просит оставить open date на билете, на что получает ответ but it will make the price jump, то есть цена «подпрыгнет» или увеличится. Мы уже знаем, что мужчина ранее был недоволен ценой, может он что-то предпримет? Подобная логика опять приведет нас к догадкам, поэтому важно не пытаться угадать ответ, а внимательно слушать текст. Мы получаем ответ Well, I don’t mind it, значит цена остается конечной, а это выше изначальной цены. Выходит, что высказывание G неверно

Task 3-9.1.

Callum: Hello, I’m Callum Robinson and this is Entertainment. Our topic today is films and film festivals. You may have heard of the Venice Film Festival and the Cannes Film Festival, glorious occasions with A-list celebrities from the movie world turning out to promote their latest projects. A festival you might not know is the Portobello Film Festival which is currently taking place in Portobello, an area of West London. It’s had its own independent film festival for a number of years and to learn more about it I’ve invited the festival’s director Jonathan Barnett. So, Jonathan, could you tell us about when and how the festival started.

Jonathan Barnett: Well, it started in 1996 because even back in those days there were people making very low budget films often using video equipment and there wasn’t really anywhere for them to show their films so we thought it would be nice to provide a platform for these filmmakers. We had the mad idea at the time of showing every film that was submitted and we also decided not to charge because I suppose at heart we weren’t rabid capitalists.

Callum: So the festival started as a way of giving unknown filmmakers somewhere to show their films. As Jonathan said, to give them a platform. Then I’ve got a question. How many films are being shown and how do you manage to pay for it, for running the festival, I mean?

Jonathan Barnett: This year we’re showing 700 films. The money comes in from funding mostly, we get money from people and organizations like Film London and the Arts Council and we also get different kinds of support from sponsors. So we don’t have to pay for advertising, we don’t have to pay for launch parties, we don’t have to pay for prizes.

Callum: Over the first three weeks of August 700 films are being shown as part of the Portobello Film Festival. What kind of films can be seen? Are they just short student films or does the festival attract big names as well? Here’s the festival’s director Jonathan Barnett.

Jonathan Barnett: The actual films we’re showing are a lot better than anything you’ll see on TV or on multiplexes and it’s everything from student films and we also get stuff from top filmmakers like, for instance, John Malkovich. So I think because we’re a festival that has a reputation for a certain amount of integrity and also being a little bit out on a limb we attract the big names as well as people who are just starting out. The first year of the festival we had Guy Ritchie’s first film which was called the “Hard Case”, which was fantastic, it’s exactly the same as Lock Stock and Snatch but he was kind of formulating his ideas and it was a short film.

Callum: As far as I know, the Portobello Film Festival runs until the 21st of August as well as films there are other arts events, a variety of fantastic concerts, exhibitions and presentations. You want the festival to be more than just for film, don’t you?

Jonathan Barnett: Yes, what we want it to be is, we want it to be a bit like a kind of cross between Glastonbury festival and Edinburgh festival, but for free and set in Portobello Road.

Callum: We also hope it would become a big arts festival — amazing, unforgettable and a good start for young talents!

That’s all from Entertainment this week.

A festival you might not know is the Portobello Film Festival which is currently taking place in Portobello, an area of West London.

Перед прослушиванием дается 50 секунд на то, чтобы успеть прочитать задание. На этом этапе многие делают распространенную ошибку — начинают пытаться угадать правильный ответ, исходя из своих знаний, опыта или просто логики. Не нужно так делать! Догадка может сильно подвести, а наша задача — определить ответ по содержанию текста.

Читаем задание и выделяем в вопросах и ответах key words. Некоторые преподаватели советуют читать только вопросы без ответов к ним, но лично мне всегда казалось, что куда надежней прочитать все сразу, чтобы было легче ориентироваться в тексте. Однако, если вы медленно читаете или вдруг переволновались и замешкались и потеряли драгоценное время, то читайте в первую очередь вопросы. Если пока вы читаете вопросы, вдруг началось аудирование, и вы не успели все прочитать, то нужно перестать читать и внимательно слушать запись. Весь порядок информации в задании соответствует порядку в тексте, поэтому в процессе слушания вы сможете дойти до последних непрочитанных заданий. Выделяем ключевые слова как и в предыдущих заданиях, смотрим чем отличаются ответы друг от друга. Вспоминаем возможные синонимы. Поищем key words в нашем примере:

Слышим: “You may have heard of the Venice film festival and the Cannes film festival. Glorious occasions with glorious A-list celebrities from the movie world turning out to promote their latest projects. A festival you might not know is the Portobello Film Festival, which is currently taking place in Portobello, an area of West London. It’s had its own independent film festival for a number of years. And to learn more about it, I’ve invited the festival’s director… Could you tell us when and how the festival started?”

Фраза “It’s had its own independent film festival for a number of years” отсекает ответ 3) is running its second season only. Первые два ответа откликаются в предложениях: “Glorious occasions with glorious A-list celebrities” и “A festival you might not know is the Portobello Film Festival”. Первое предложение подтверждает, что celebrities есть первых двух фестивалях, но не опровергает, что на Portobello Festival их нет. Второе предложение с “you might not know” подтверждает, что фестиваль действительно “not so fashionable and well-known”. Значит, правильный ответ — 2) not so fashionable and well-known. Далее в тексте упоминаются John Malkovich и Guy Ritchie, и говорится о том, что они оба известные и участвуют/участвовали в фестивале. Это еще раз подтверждает, что ответ 1) does not attract celebrities неверный.

Типичные ошибки:

1)Предугадывание ответа. Нельзя опираться на собственные догадки и опыт, слушаем текст и ищем подтверждение там.

2)Прослушать нужное место и потеряться в тексте. Важно помнить, что все задания идут по порядку, в котором они упоминаются в тексте. Если вы вдруг поняли, что речь идет об уже следующем вопросе, приступайте сразу к нему. К пропущенным вопросам можно вернуться при втором прослушивании.

3)Попадание в “ловушки”. Порой в текстах используются повторы слов и выражений из написанных высказываний, при этом они использованы в другом контексте. Здесь легко можно растеряться и ответить не верно. Аналогично могут быть использованы антонимы. Чтобы оградить себя от подобных “ловушек”, нужно обязательно проверять себя во время второго прослушивания.

Here are the answers:

Task 1(Variant 2):

3 — 2;

4 — 1;

5 — 3;

6 — 3;

7 — 1;

8 — 2;

9 — 3;

Task 2(Variant 3):

3 — 3;

4 — 1;

5 — 2;

6 — 3;

7 — 1;

8 — 2;

9 — 1;

3. The Portobello Festival differs from festivals in Cannes and Venice as it

1) does not attract celebrities.

2) is not so fashionable and well-known.

3) is running its second season only.

4. The festival was initially founded to

1) let independent filmmakers demonstrate their work.

2) help different filmmakers earn money.

3) advertise video equipment but not to show films.

5. According to the festival’s director they made the festival free because

1) there are no expensive prizes and launch parties.

2) they get enough money for placing advertisements.

3) sponsors and funds provide good financial support.

6. One characteristic feature of the Portobello Festival is that

1) 700 films are shown each festival season.

2) student films are shown together with professionals’ works.

3) only short films are chosen for the festival annually.

7.The festival’s director believes that their films are

1) worthy to be shown on TV.

2) the world’s top hits.

3) of better quality than TV films.

8. The famous filmmaker whose first film was shown at the festival is

1) John Malkovich.

2) Guy Ritchie.

3) Jonathan Barnett.

9. Speaking about future plans, the festival’s director

1) sounds optimistic about the festival extension.

2) believes the festival should turn to other arts mostly.

3) thinks the festival will be united with Glastonbury or Edinburgh events.

 Во время первого прослушивания нужно отметить варианты, которые кажутся верными, и возможные варианты ответа, если у вас есть сомнения.И правильные, и неправильные ответы могут включать повторы слов и выражений из текста, поэтому важно не только пытаться уловить эти слова, но контекст, в котором они используются.

Во время второго прослушивания сконцентрируйте все внимание на высказываниях, в которых вы не уверены или пропустили первый раз. Если же вы уверены в правильности своих ответов, все равно стоит прослушать запись еще раз и проверить себя.

Разберем первый вопрос из нашего примера.

The Portobello Festival differs from festivals in Cannes and Venice as it

    1) does not attract celebrities.

    2) is not so fashionable and well-known.

    3) is running its second season only.

Как делать

Перед прослушиванием дается 20 секунд на то, чтобы успеть прочитать задание. На этом этапе многие делают распространенную ошибку — начинают пытаться угадать правильный ответ, исходя из своих знаний, опыта или просто логики. Не нужно так делать! Догадка может сильно подвести, а наша задача — определить ответ по содержанию текста.

Разумнее потратить эти 20 секунд на то, чтобы внимательно прочитать предложения и подумать, какая информация может понадобиться, чтобы понять верно утверждение или нет.

Как правило, все предложения идут в том же порядке, в котором они упоминаются в записи. Если вдруг вы поняли, что пропустили какую-то информацию и уже слышите реплики из следующих высказываний, не паникуем! Запись играет дважды, у вас будет возможность вернуться к этому предложению, а сейчас лучше сосредоточиться на оставшихся.

Можно подчеркнуть key words (ключевые слова), но не стоит ожидать, что их произнесут в тексте. Наоборот, нужные слова и фразы могут быть перефразированы.

Поищем key words в нашем примере:

A.	The client is going to London this week.
B.	The client has chosen an evening flight.
C.	The client is flying to London for sightseeing.
D.	The ticket price seems okay for the client.
E.	It’s the shortest possible flight to London.
F.	The client dislikes London airports except for Heathrow.
G.	The final ticket price is lower than the original one.

Легко заметить схожесть предложений D и G: в обоих случаях мы имеем информацию про ticket price. Важно, что в предложении G мы должны услышать информацию именно про final ticket price.

Во время первого прослушивания нужно стараться найти опровержение или подтверждение каждого утверждения. Если нет ни того, ни другого, смело ставим Not stated. Если вы сомневаетесь в правильности решения или, например, прослушали момент, где могло упоминаться высказывание, поставьте рядом с ним знак вопроса, чтобы вернуться к этому месту во время второго прослушивания.

Во время второго прослушивания сконцентрируйте все внимание на высказываниях, в которых вы не уверены или пропустили первый раз. Если же вы уверены в правильности своих ответов, все равно стоит прослушать запись еще раз и проверить себя.

Разбор примера

Разберем первые два высказывания из нашего примера.

A.	The client is going to London this week.

Слышим I need to fly to London next Monday and I’d like to make reservations for a round trip ticket. Выражение next Monday — маячок, что высказывание А неверно, ведь в нем говорится про this week.

B.	The client has chosen an evening flight.

Слышим I’d rather leave at 9 p.m. — очевидно, что высказывание В верно, несмотря на дальнейшие слова I have to get to London early in the morning, as early as possible, которые легко могут сбить с толку.

C.	The client is flying to London for sightseeing.

Слышим It’s a business trip, you know, выходит, что цель поездки — бизнес, а высказывание С неверно. В конце записи прозвучит I might want to see some sights or spend the night at the theater, фраза see some sights — ловушка, герой диалога предполагает, что ему захочеться это сделать, но не уверен, поэтому использует модальный глагол might. В данном случае, see some sights — лишь возможный вариант досуга героя, но точно не причина его поездки.

D.	The ticket price seems okay for the client.

Предложение с подвохом! Сначала, мы узнаем, что цена оказалась выше ожиданий мужчины ($440 вместо $400), потом слышим его негодование That’s ridiculous! It’s too much! После убеждений продавца он произносит Okaaay, if I don’t have any other choices… Слово okay звучит, но означает ли это, что цена для него действительно okay? Нет, мы слышим его недовольство в обеих фразах, значит высказывание D неверно.

E.	It’s the shortest possible flight to London.

На вопрос What’s the flying time? мы слышим только 6 hours и больше ничего. Информации о том, как долго длятся другие рейсы, нет. Получается, что у нас недостаточно данных, чтобы подтвердить или опровергнуть высказывание, выбираем ответ Not Stated.

F.	The client dislikes London airports except for Heathrow.

Мужчина действительно задает вопрос про аэропорт What’s the destination airport? и слышит в ответ, что прилетает в Heathrow, как раз, как в нашем высказывании. Дальше он явно радуется этому факту That’s good news! I don’t expect a lot of traffic jams on my way then, and you can always rent a decent car there. Даже если слова decent, rent, traffic jams не известны, не трудно понять, что говорящему аэропорт Heathrow пришелся по душе. Но в нашем высказывании он должен dislike все остальные аэропорты в городе. Он что-то говорит про них? Правильно, нет. Мы, конечно, можем решить, что раз он так обрадовался этому аэропорту, значит остальные ему скорее всего не нравятся, но это будет лишь нашей догадкой, опираться в выборе ответа на догадки нельзя. Высказывание F — Not Stated.

G.	The final ticket price is lower than the original one.

В конце разговора покупатель не может определиться с датой обратного вылета и просит оставить open date на билете, на что получает ответ but it will make the price jump, то есть цена «подпрыгнет» или увеличится. Мы уже знаем, что мужчина ранее был недоволен ценой, может он что-то предпримет? Подобная логика опять приведет нас к догадкам, поэтому важно не пытаться угадать ответ, а внимательно слушать текст. Мы получаем ответ Well, I don’t mind it, значит цена остается конечной, а это выше изначальной цены. Выходит, что высказывание G неверно.

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A-F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1-7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение.
Запишите номера ответов в порядке A-F в окошечко ниже, то есть если ваши ответы: А-3, В-5, С-6, D-9, E-8, F-6 то в окошечко ниже пишем: 356986

B1

1. I feel unhappy because I can»t change public attitude to our planet.
2. I would like to see new energy saving laws introduced.
3. I am afraid of the after-effects of human activities.
4. I am sure that wise attitude to basic earth supplies is necessary.
5. I do not want my family to live in polluted environment.
6. I am for the use of energy saving practices in house construction.
7. I find many simple ways to help our planet in everyday life.

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений А1-А7 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated).
Выберите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.

A1

When leaving school Emily already knew that she would study medicine.

True

False

Not stated

A2

Emily left Melbourne to get new experiences.

True

False

Not stated

A3

Emily moved to Finland because she found her lab work in London boring.

True

False

Not stated

A4

In Finland people at university preferred to speak Finnish with Emily.

True

False

Not stated

A5

David is not happy about his experience of learning French in France.

True

False

Not stated

A6

David would like to go by the trans-Siberian train one day.

True

False

Not stated

A7

Emily is going to London again to continue her studies of immune system.

True

False

Not stated

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях А8-А14,
Выберите правильный ответ.

A8

The Portobello Festival differs from festivals in Cannes and Venice as it

is running its second season only.

is not so fashionable and well-known.

does not attract celebrities.

A9

The festival was initially founded to

let independent filmmakers demonstrate their work.

help different filmmakers earn money.

advertise video equipment but not to show films.

A10

According to the festival»s director they made the festival free because

they get enough money for placing advertisements.

there are no expensive prizes and launch parties.

sponsors and funds provide good financial support.

A11

One characteristic feature of the Portobello Festival is that

700 films are shown each festival season.

only short films are chosen for the festival annually.

student films are shown together with professionals» works.

A12

The festival»s director believes that their films are

of better quality than TV films.

worthy to be shown on TV.

the world»s top hits.

A13

The famous filmmaker whose first film was shown at the festival is

John Malkovich.

Guy Ritchie.

Jonathan Barnett.

A14

Speaking about future plans, the festival»s director

thinks the festival will be united with Glastonbury or Edinburgh events.

believes the festival should turn to other arts mostly.

sounds optimistic about the festival extension.

Установите соответствие между заголовками 1-8 и текстами A-G.В задании один заголовок лишний.
Запишите номера ответов в порядке A-F в окошечко ниже, то есть если ваши ответы: А-3, В-5, С-6, D-9, E-8, F-6, G-1 то в окошечко ниже пишем: 3569861

B2

1. Perfect for a quiet holiday
2. Land of nature wonders
3. Bad for animals
4. A visit to the zoo
5. Perfect for an active holiday
6. Difficult start
7. New perspectives
8. New rules to follow

A.
The mountains of Scotland (we call them the Highlands) are a wild and beautiful part of Europe. A golden eagle flies over the mountains. A deer walks through the silence of the forest. Salmon and trout swim in the clean, pure water of the rivers. Some say that not only fish swim in the deep water of Loch Ness. Speak to the people living by the Loch. Each person has a story of the monster, and some have photographs.


B.
Tresco is a beautiful island with no cars, crowds or noise — just flowers, birds, long sandy beaches and the Tresco Abbey Garden. John and Wendy Pyatt welcome you to the Island Hotel, famous for delicious food, comfort and brilliant service. You will appreciate superb accommodation, free saunas and the indoor swimming pool.


C.
The Camel and Wildlife Safari is a unique mixture of the traditional and modern. Kenya»s countryside suits the Safari purposes exceptionally well. Tourists will have a chance to explore the bush country near Samburu, to travel on a camel back or to sleep out under the stars. Modern safari vehicles are always available for those who prefer comfort.


D.
Arrival can be the hardest part of a trip. It is late, you are road-weary, and everything is new and strange. You need an affordable place to sleep, something to eat and drink, and probably a way to get around. But in general, it»s a wonderful trip, full of wonderful and unusual places. Whether it is the first stop on a trip or the fifth city visited, every traveller feels a little overwhelmed stepping onto a new street in a new city.


E.
No zoo has enough money to provide basic habitats or environments for all the species they keep. Most animals are put in a totally artificial environment, isolated from everything they would meet in their natural habitat. Many will agree that this isolation is harmful to the most of zoo inhabitants, it can even amount to cruelty.


F.
A new London Zoo Project is a ten year project to secure the future for the Zoo and for many endangered animals. The plan has been devised by both animal and business experts to provide world-leading accommodation for all our animals, to more fully engage and inform people about conservation issues, to redesign certain aspects of Zoo layout.


G.
Leave-no-trace camping is an increasingly popular approach to travel in wilderness areas. As the term suggests, the goal is for the camper to leave as little impact as possible on the place he is visiting. One of its mottos is «Take nothing but pictures. Leave nothing but footprints.» Its simplest and most fundamental rule is: pack it in, pack it out, but it goes beyond that.

B3

London Zoo

London Zoo is one of the most important zoos in the world. There are over 12,000 animals at London Zoo and A _! Its main concern is to breed threatened animals in captivity. This means we might be able to restock the wild, should disaster ever befall the wild population.
Partula Snail, Red Crowned Crane, Arabian Oryx, Golden Lion Tamarin, Persian Leopard, Asiatic Lion and Sumatran Tiger are just some of the species London Zoo is helping to save.
That is why it is so important that we fight to preserve the habitats that these animals live in, as well as eliminate other dangers В _. But we aim to make your day at London Zoo a fun and memorable time, С _.
In the Ambika Paul Children»s Zoo, for instance, youngsters can learn a new love and appreciation for animals D _. They can also learn how to care for favourite pets in the Pet Care Centre.
Then there are numerous special Highlight events E _ unforgettable pony rides to feeding times and spectacular animal displays. You will get to meet keepers and ask them what you are interested in about the animals they care for, F _.
Whatever you decide, you will have a great day. We have left no stone unturned to make sure you do!

1. such as hunting exotic animals and selling furs
2. as well as the ins and outs of being a keeper at London Zoo
3. which take place every day, from
4. because they see and touch them close up
5. despite the serious side to our work
6. which demand much time and effort
7. that is not counting every ant in the colony

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15-А21.
Выберите правильный ответ в каждом задании.

The last time I saw my father was in Grand Central Station. I was going from my grandmother»s in the Adirondacks to a cottage on the Cape that my mother had rented, and I wrote my father that I would be in New York between trains for an hour and a half, and asked if we could have lunch together. His secretary wrote to say that he would meet me at the information booth at noon, and at twelve o»clock sharp I saw him coming through the crowd.
He was a stranger to me — my mother divorced him three years ago and I hadn»t been with him since — but as soon as I saw him I felt that he was my father, my flesh and blood, my future and my doom. I knew that when I was grown I would be something like him; I would have to plan my campaigns within his limitations. He was a big, good-looking man, and I was terribly happy to see him again.
He struck me on the back and shook my hand. «Hi, Charlie,» he said. «Hi, boy. I»d like to take you up to my club, but it»s in the Sixties, and if you have to catch an early train I guess we»d better get something to eat around here.» He put his arm around me, and I smelled my father the way my mother sniffs a rose. It was a rich compound of whiskey, after-shave lotion, shoe polish, woollens, and the rankness of a mature male. I hoped that someone would see us together. I wished that we could be photographed. I wanted some record of our having been together.
We went out of the station and up a side street to a restaurant. It was still early, and the place was empty. The bartender was quarrelling with a delivery boy, and there was one very old waiter in a red coat down by the kitchen door. We sat down, and my father hailed the waiter in a loud voice. «Kellner!» he shouted. «Garcon! You!» His boisterousness in the empty restaurant seemed out of place. «Could we have a little service here!» he shouted. Then he clapped his hands. This caught the waiter»s attention, and he shuffled over to our table.
«Were you clapping your hands at me?» he asked.
«Calm down, calm down,» my father said. «It isn»t too much to ask of you — if it wouldn»t be too much above and beyond the call of duty, we would like a couple of Beefeater Gibsons.»
«I don»t like to be clapped at,» the waiter said.
«I should have brought my whistle,» my father said. «I have a whistle that is audible only to the ears of old waiters. Now, take out your little pad and your little pencil and see if you can get this straight: two Beefeater Gibsons. Repeat after me: two Beefeater Gibsons.»
«I think you»d better go somewhere else,» the waiter said quietly. «That,» said my father, «is one of the most brilliant suggestions I have ever heard. Come on, Charlie.»
I followed my father out of that restaurant into another. He was not so boisterous this time. Our drinks came, and he cross-questioned me about the baseball season. He then struck the edge of his empty glass with his knife and began shouting again. «Garcon! You! Could we trouble you to bring us two more of the same.» «How old is the boy?» the waiter asked. «That,» my father said, «is none of your business.»
«I»m sorry, sir,» the waiter said, «but I won»t serve the boy another drink.» «Well, I have some news for you,» my father said. «I have some very interesting news for you. This doesn»t happen to be the only restaurant in New York. They»ve opened another on the corner. Come on, Charlie.»
He paid the bill, and I followed him out of that restaurant into another …

A15

The narrator was looking forward to meeting with his father because he

hoped that his parents would get back together.

expected to get a valuable present from him.

wanted to stay with him in New York.

missed the feeling of being with him.

A16

The narrator»s request to meet was accepted by his father

unwillingly.

with great pleasure.

in business-like manner.

with much hope and expectation.

A17

it was the happiest time of his life.

he was proud of his father»s good looks.

he wanted to boast of his father to his friends.

he wished to remember their moments together.

A18

The narrator wanted to be photographed with his father because

the son was pressed for time to catch a train.

it was necessary to book in advance to enter the club.

the man feared that his son would not behave properly.

it was a closed club with no children allowed.

A19

The father»s behaviour in the first restaurant was inappropriate as he

was too boisterous in an empty restaurant.

could not afford to pay the bill.

tried to boast of his knowledge of foreign languages.

treated the waiter in a rude manner.

A20

The waiter in the next restaurant refused to bring them more drinks as

the son looked pale and faint.

the boy was too young to drink alcohol.

the restaurant was closing soon.

the waiter got angry with the son.

A21

The title of the story «Reunion» actually implies that the

son found his lost father after decades of separation.

son now would be living together with his father.

son made an attempt to re-establish relations with his father.

«father — son» relations is what both sides feel the need for.

Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В4-В10, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В4-В10.

B4

Among the e-mails waiting for me at work one morning was one from a member of my staff. It was sent from his personal e-mail address and there was only his home phone number. Thinking something was wrong, I immediately called_.

B5

A sleepy female voice answered and told me he was at work and _home late in the evening.

B6

The_moment was when I remembered that I had recently asked staff members to give me their home numbers. I went right down to the employee»s office to apologize for my call.

B7

_, however, he thanked me. I had awakened his daughter, who had an exam that morning but had forgotten to set her alarm. Thanks to my call, she hadn»t missed the exam.

B8

In English-speaking countries they celebrate Valentine»s Day and Mother»s Day. In Russia we celebrate the International Women»s Day. Though it__ «International», it is observed only in Russia and some CIS countries.

B9

Boys and____bring flowers and small presents to girls and women they work or study with.

B10

It___a tradition for husbands to do all house work on that day. There are many jokes about it being the only day of the year when they do this.

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В11-В16, однокоренные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В11-В16.
Ответ введите в окошечко ниже в виде текста НИЖНЕГО регистра, например, «conversation» (без ковычек)

B11

Following a recent renovation, the new Hancock Observatory invites you to enjoy Chicago»s best views from the city»s highest open-air Skywalk. It has quickly gained _ with both Chicagoans and visitors of the city.

B12

Skywalk is Chicago»s highest open-air viewing area. It is 1,000 feet in the air! Everyone here can feel the strong wind and hear the dynamic buzz of the city below. The friendly staff will _ tell the real story behind Chicago»s «Windy City» nickname.

B13

For those who feel___about such a great height there are more relaxing indoor audio Sky Tours.

B14

These 30-minute personal audio tours give a unique «overview» of Chicago»s wonderful sights and _ history! Sky Tours are available in English, Spanish and German.

B15

History Wall is another popular_. More than 100 photos on a great 80-foot display show Chicago»s rise from a small settlement to a great city.

B16

As a tour guide I have been to the Skywalk _ times and still I can»t help admiring it.

Желаем успеха!

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между
в списке 1–7 .	Используйте		утверждение,	обозначенное
соответствующей буквой,
в таблицу. Тексты и задания звучат 25 минут, оставшиеся 5 минут
	The art exhibition is worth visiting.
	Those who love ballet will definitely enjoy it.
	This book fair is a really popular place.
	The concert didn’t appeal to the speaker.
	This rock group’s new DVD is popular with teenagers.
	Despite some drawbacks the opera was enjoyable.
	The play really took my breath away.
Говорящий
Утверждение

Вы услышите разговор двух подруг. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений А1–А7
соответствуют содержанию текста (1
), какие не соответствуют (2
) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3
).
Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

Mrs. Murphy has been invited to speak on the programme because she’s an
expert on nutrition.

She believes that bad eating habits start from birth.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated She thinks that grandparents often harm children without intending to.

As a child, her son was allowed a limited quantity of sugar.
Mrs. Murphy believes that vitamins make children grow taller.

When Declan was a teenager, his food intake was controlled by his mother.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated Declan has now changed his eating habits.

		АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК	ВАРИАНТ 1
		запись дважды.
			The findings of the research
			prove what most people think.
			According to the research
		driving is more environmentally friendly than cycling.
			if you want to be environmentally friendly, you should become a cyclist.
			cycling is good for your health.
	Jane has doubts about the research because
			Duncan was involved in carrying out the research.
			the research was carried out inaccurately.
			it was initiated by an interested organization.
		Duncan believes that the findings are objective because
		the figures could be even lower in reality.
			they were confirmed by an independent expert.
			a lot of people took part in the research.
	Jane claims that cars are worse for people’s health because
			people don’t have enough exercise if they drive.
			breathing problems are made worse by car fumes.
			traffic jams are very stressful.
	The Clean Air Campaign (CAC) suggests
			stopping the use of cars in cities.
			not using cars for short journeys.
			promoting the idea of car sharing.
	Duncan and Jane were invited to speak on the programme because
			they don’t share the same opinion.
			they were involved in the research.
			both of them are very supportive.

* Задания по аудированию были предоставлены издательством Pearson Education.

		АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК	Раздел 2. Чтение	ВАРИАНТ 1
		Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G .
		Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только
		один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
			Home-cooked Food
			We are What We Eat
			Definition of Food

A.
Food is any substance or materials eaten or drunk to provide nutritional support for the body and/or for pleasure. It usually consists of plant or animal origin that contains essential ingredients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and is ingested and assimilated by an organism to produce energy, stimulate growth and maintain life. The right to food is a human right derived from the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

B.
Packaged foods are manufactured outside the home for purchase. Early food processing techniques were limited by available food preservation, packaging and transportation. This mainly involved salting, drying, pickling, curdling, fermentation and smoking. Food manufacturing arose during the industrial revolution in the 19
th
century. This development took advantage of new mass markets and emerging new technology such as milling, preservation, packaging, labeling and transportation.

C.
People who have busy work or social schedules don’t have much time for cooking at home. Takeout meals from restaurants, pizza parlors and delicatessens have become a regular part of everyday life. Food can be picked up at a café, or people call in orders by phone and the takeaway meal is delivered to their homes.
Ready-to-eat and instant processed foods that are quick to prepare are very popular. Snacks and junk food like doughnuts, popcorn, cookies, or potato chips are also easy to prepare.

D.
The expression “as American as an apple pie” means something that is typically American, but even apple pie came from somewhere else. The only true American foods are those that the Native Americans gave the first settlers, including corn, squash, pumpkin, turkey, sweet potatoes, and pumpkin pie which are still eaten at Thanksgiving. Immigrants have brought all kinds of dishes with them from their home countries. A typical family may eat tacos (originally from Mexico), pizza (from Italy), or apple pie (from England).

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК								ВАРИАНТ 1
	How much food do you think you will eat by the time you are seventy-nine?
	The average Frenchwoman, for example, will eat 25 cows, 40 sheep, 35
	pigs, 1200 chickens, 2.07 tones of fish, 5.05 tones of potatoes, 13 000 eggs,
	50 000 loaves of bread, 1.37 tones of apples, 768 kg of oranges, 430 bags of
	carrots, 720 kg of tomatoes, 1300 lettuces, hundreds of packages of coffee,
	sugar, spaghetti, and 8 kg of dirt.
	How many cows and pigs have you swallowed already?
Although Britain is quite a small country, it offers a wide choice of food and
	drink. The types of food people eat have changed a lot over the years for
	several reasons. People have come to Britain from different parts of the
	world, bringing their favourite food with them and often opening restaurants.
	In Britain you can find traditional food like roast beef or fish and chips and
	vegetarian food for those who do not eat meat. As well as foods from
	different parts of Britain, you can buy Italian, Mexican and West Indian
Cakes, chocolate ice-cream… The British love them all. A meal is not a
	meal without some kind of dessert and sweet things are very popular as a
	snack too. Chocolate is the most popular sweet snack and the British eat
	more than 8 kg per person per year of it. Chocolate is almost eaten
	anywhere, any time but is very popular at Christmas and Easter. Ice-cream is
	eaten as a snack, a dessert, or with another dessert (like a piece of hot apple

B3
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F
частями предложений,

обозначенными цифрами
1–7.
Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя.

Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

Can You Alter Your Memory?

Is it possible to permanently change your memories? A group of experts thinks so. And their new techniques for altering memories are raising possibilities of one day treating people A
_______________________ and other anxietyrelated conditions.

Some researchers are working with combat veterans, car-accident survivors and rape victims to replace their memories with less fear-filled ones using a familiar hypertension drug. Other doctors are studying whether behavioral therapy can one day be used to modify memories of peopleB
_______________________. A person bitten by a dog as a child, for instance, might be able to overcome a canine phobia if the old memory can be replaced with a less scary one.

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК ВАРИАНТ 1

The goal of the research isn»t to erase memory outright, as depicted in popular movies over the years. That would raise ethical issues and questions of what would happen to associated memories, researchers say. Instead, «reducing or eliminating the fear accompanying the memory…that would be the ideal scenario,» says Roger Pitman, a psychiatry professor at Harvard Medical School C
_______________________.

The latest research is based on a radical rethinking of how memories are stored in the brain. Experts used to believe memories are like snapshots on which the details are fixed once they are recorded. Now, many experts accept the view D _______________________; each time they are pulled down for viewing, they can be altered before being put back into storage. Altering a memory during the time it is off the shelf can create an updated memory E
_______________________, scientists believe.

Sometimes a traumatic incident can trigger an enduring response of fear whenever the incident is recalled, even indirectly. A car backfiring, for instance, can set off an emotional response in a combat veteran if the loud noise becomes associated in his mind with a wartime experience.

A common therapy currently for trauma and phobias is called exposure treatment. It involves repetitive exposure in a nonthreatening way to help patients confront their fears and gradually weaken the fear response, a process known as extinction. But with extinction, the fearful memories don»t disappear or get altered, and relapse is common, says Edna Foa, an expert on post-traumatic stress disorder at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. If extinction could be enhanced,F
_______________________ , she says.

Researchers are hoping new techniques will weaken the fear response for a longer period, or perhaps permanently.

1.
that memories are stored like individual files on a shelf

2.
that include a
speeded-up heart rate

3.
that could mean more efficient treatment with less relapse

4.
that can be saved in place of the old one

5.
who has done extensive work in this area

6.
who suffer from phobias,
post-traumatic stress disorder

7.
who react with fear to common
anxiety-producing events

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

ВАРИАНТ 1

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15–А21
. В каждом задании обведите цифру1
,2
,3
или4
, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.

Vacation at Home

(Life with Father
by Clarence Day)

Father, Mother and my brothers went out to the World’s Fair in Chicago in 1893. I was finishing my freshman year at Yale, and by the time I got home they had gone. Father had written me that I had better follow on and join them, but I couldn’t. I had spent all my allowance. It wasn’t this that bothered me, however, or not going out to Chicago. It was the fact that I owed Warner Hall and other tradesmen nearly three hundred dollars, and I didn’t see how I could be so reckless, or when I could ever pay up. Worst of all, my creditors too had become pessimistic.

I borrowed a nickel for carfare from old Margaret and went down at once to Father’s office to ask for a job. They didn’t have any work for me down there and didn’t want me around, but it was lucky I went, because while I was there one of my creditors entered. He had come down to New York with a bundle of overdue bills to see whether he could collect any of them by calling upon his customers’ parents. It had never occurred to me that anyone would come to Father’s office like this. If Father had been there and I hadn’t I’d have been in serious trouble for Father had warned me repeatedly not to borrow money. I was frightened. The creditor said, as he left, that since my father was out, he would have to call on him again the next time he came to New York.

I didn’t know what to do. But one thing was clear. I saw I must stick around Father’s office for the rest of that summer. So as soon as my parents got back from the Fair, I begged my Father to give me a job. I didn’t need any vacation, I told him, and I would be getting a lot of valuable experience if he would let me go to work.

After thinking it over, he said that perhaps I could make myself useful as an office boy while his clerks were taking turns going on their vacations. I started the very next day at four dollars a week.

I might have got slightly better wages elsewhere, but I couldn’t have made enough anyway to pay much on my bills, and the most important thing was not to make a few dollars extra but to stand on guard at the door of Father’s office to keep my creditors out. When I was sent out on an errand, I ran all the way there and back. When I was in the office, I always kept one eye on the grated window where the cashier sat in his counter, to make sure that no creditors from New Haven were coming in to see Father.

But late in the summer I got into trouble again. The cashier told Father that I had taken hold better than he had expected, and that although I was not very accurate I was punctual and quick and seemed to be especially interested in getting down early. Father was so pleased that he sent for me to come into his inner office and told me that he had decided I had earned a vacation.

I said that honestly and truly a vacation was the last thing I wanted.

	АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК	ВАРИАНТ 1
		He explained that he wanted me to have some rest and recreation before
	college opened, and he added that he would advise me to go to Chicago and see
	the World’s Fair. I said I didn’t care about seeing the Fair.
		Father didn’t quite like this. “I have just told you, Clarence,” he said, “that I
	would advise you to go.”
		I uncomfortably made a confession. I said I couldn’t afford to go to Chicago.
	I didn’t have any money.
	Father was surprised. “What about your allowance?” he asked.
	“I’m sorry to say I’ve spent it all, Father.”
	“That was very imprudent of you,” he observed.
	I said in a low voice that I knew it.
	The narrator didn’t go to Chicago because
		he didn’t want to.
		he was busy at the office.
		he had no money.
		his parents didn’t want him to join them.
	The narrator was worried because he
		couldn’t go to Chicago.
		missed his parents.
	The narrator came to his father’s office because he
		wanted to see his father.
		was looking for a job.
		wanted to borrow some money.
		was looking for his creditor.

A18
The creditor he met in his father’s office lived in

1)
New Haven.

2)
Chicago.

3)
New York.

4)
London.

A19
The main reason why the narrator’s father gave him a job was that

1)
his wife asked him to do it.

2)
he needed people while his clerks were on holiday.

3)
he had a vacancy.

4)
he wanted to see his son more often.

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

ВАРИАНТ 1

The phrase “But late in the summer I got into trouble again” implies that

1)
clarence’s father wanted him to have a rest.

2)
his father had met one of his creditors.

3)
the cashier was displeased with his work.

4)
the narrator had lost his job.

At last the narrator decided

1)
to go to the World Fair.

2)
to lie again.

3)
to tell the truth.

4)
to return to Yale.

Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика

Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо,
слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами B4–B10,
так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами.Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы
B4–B10
.

Rome Universities
Rome has numerous universities and colleges.
University La Sapienza is the largest
university in Europe with more than 150 000 students
La Sapienza currently ranks amongst Europe’s 50 and the
world’s 150 __________________ universities.
At the end of the 20th century two new universitiesTor Vergata
and Roma Tre __________________.
The Moscow State Circus
The Moscow circus is one of the most popular forms of
always__________________ the circus.
In the 18th	and 19th	centuries troupes travelled round the
country__________________	mostly satirical shows.
Circus__________________ its permanent home in Moscow.
If your friend __________________ to Moscow with his/ her
children, let him/her visit the Old Circus and enjoy its clowns,
the breathtaking stunts of its acrobats and its trapeze artists.

		АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК	ВАРИАНТ 1
		Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо,
		слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных
		номерами В11–В16, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически
		соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
		словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы
		В11–В16.
		Woman without Fear
		It was in 2007 when I first heard of Grace Wiley. Dr. Mann,
		former director of the ___________________ Zoological
		Park in Washington, D.C., handed me a picture of a tiny
		woman with a gigantic cobra.
		The snake had __________________ spread his hood and
		was staring right into the camera while his owner stroked his
		head to quiet him. Looking at the picture of that awful
		creature, I knew what a well-known writer meant when he
		described a snake as a “running brook of horror”.
		Dr. Mann told me, “Grace lives in a small house full of
		Snakes, imported from all over the
		Grace has one of the world’s finest __________________ of
	Perhaps, she is one of the few people who knows the real
		secrets of this curious business. She is a courageous woman
		and a talented _________________. Everyone respects
	I was impressed. I made it a point to call on that
		Woman. And so I did.

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

ВАРИАНТ 1

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22–А28
. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям A22–A28
, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.

Doctor Sadao Hoki was a highly skilled Japanese doctor. He was young and ambitious. His low, square stone house was set A22
____ rocks well above a narrow beach that was outlined with bent pines. He liked his house very much and missed it when he was away. Sadao had been sent at twenty-two to America to study. He had come back at thirty,A23
_____ not only as a surgeon but as a scientist. Because of his medical research, he had not been sent abroad with theA24
____. Also, he knew, there was some slight danger that the old General might need an operation for a condition for which he was now being treated medically, and for this possibility, Sadao was being kept in Japan.

A25_____
at the fog coming in over the beach, Sadao thought of his wife. He had met Hana in America, but he had waited toA26
_____ in love with her until he was sure she believed in traditional Japanese values. She was slender, beautiful and very kind. He oftenA27_
_____ whom he would have married if he had not met Hana.

It was at this moment that he saw something black come out of the mist. It was a man. The man was on his hands and knees, crawling. Then he saw him fall on his face and A28
____ there.

При выполнении заданий С1 иС2 особое внимание обратите на то,
что ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в
бланке ответов № 2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться
экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость
соблюдения	указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного
объёма, а	также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём – не
оцениваются. Запишите сначала номер задания (С1, С2),	а затем ответ
на него. Если одной стороны	бланка недостаточно,	вы можете
использовать его другую сторону.

You have 20 minutes to do this task.

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Ned who writes:

… I am going to make a report on Russian painting. Could you tell me what Russian painters are the most popular in your country? Do you and your friends often visit museums and art galleries? What are your favourite pictures and why?

As for the latest news, my elder brother has just won a prize…

Write a letter to Ned.

−
answer his questions

−
ask3 questions
about his elder brother’s prize.

Write
100 – 140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

You have 40 minutes to do this task.

Comment on the following statement.

Some people think that extreme sports should be banned.

What is your opinion?

Write
200 – 250 words.

Use the following plan:

−
make an introduction (state the problem)

−
express your personal opinion and give reasons for it

−
give arguments for the other point of view and explain why you don’t agree with it

−
draw a conclusion

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

ВАРИАНТ 2

Инструкция по выполнению работы

Экзаменационная работа по английскому языку состоит из четырех разделов, включающих 46 заданий.

Раздел 1 («Аудирование») включает 15 заданий, из которых первое – на установление соответствия и 14 заданий с выбором одного правильного ответа из трех предложенных. Рекомендуемое время на выполнение раздела 1 – 30 минут.

Раздел 2 («Чтение») включает 9 заданий, из которых 2 задания на
установление соответствия и 7 заданий с выбором одного правильного ответа из четырех предложенных. Рекомендуемое время на выполнение раздела 2 – 30 минут.

Раздел 3 («Грамматика и лексика») включает 20 заданий, из которых 13 заданий с кратким ответом и 7 заданий с выбором одного правильного ответа из четырех предложенных. При выполнении заданий с кратким ответом вы должны самостоятельно записать ответ в соответствующем месте работы. Рекомендуемое время на выполнение раздела 3 – 40 минут.

По окончании выполнения заданий каждого из этих разделов не забывайте переносить свои ответы в бланк ответов № 1.

Раздел 4 («Письмо») состоит из двух заданий и представляет собой небольшую письменную работу (написание личного письма и письменного высказывания с элементами рассуждения). Рекомендуемое время на выполнение этого раздела работы – 60 минут. Черновые пометки делаются прямо на листе с заданиями (они не оцениваются), и только полный вариант ответа заносится в бланк ответов № 2.

Общее время проведения экзамена – 160 минут.

Желаем успеха!

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

Раздел 1. Аудирование

ВАРИАНТ 2

услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между

высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными

1–7.

Используйте

утверждение,

обозначенное

соответствующей буквой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее

утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите

в таблицу.

Тексты и задания звучат 25 минут, оставшиеся 5 минут

используйте для переноса ответов в бланк ответа.

Using computers does not always have a positive effect.

Using computers made the speaker’s work longer hours in the end.

Using computers is not as scary as it might seem.

Using computers can be frustrating.

Using computers does not necessarily help you save time.

Using computers is really effective if you have had a proper training course.

Using computers means you have to face unexpected challenges.

Говорящий

Утверждение

Вы услышите беседу журналиста с основателем эко-коммуны. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений А1–А7
соответствуют содержанию текста (1
), какие не соответствуют (2
) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3
). Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

			Electricity for the community is generated from water, the wind and the sun.
			The community has a special room for their daily communal meal.
				The community produces all the food they eat.
			The inspiration for the community came from the green press.
			There are 25 people living in the community..
				The round house is warm and dry in winter.
		Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях А8–А14 обведите цифру1 ,2 или3 ,
		соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите
		запись дважды.
		The first-ever single currency in Europe was
			the pound sterling.
	This currency was introduced into Europe
			about 1200 years ago.
	To show that the coin was genuine
			it was cut up into 240 pieces.
			it had a number on it.
			it was specially stamped.
		Halfpennies and farthings were introduced because
		silver pennies were not useful in everyday life.
			workers were not allowed to be paid in silver.
			King Edward I did not like to have his head on pennies.
		In the reign of Henry VII
		paper money appeared.
			the pound was replaced by the sovereign.
			the pound took on a real form.
		What happened in the 20th century?
		The Bank of England started issuing mostly paper money.
			Precious metals were eliminated from coins.
			The Bank of England didn’t produce coins during the Second World
		The radio programme was about
		the importance of having a single currency in Europe.
			the history of the British currency.
			the pound as a national currency.

B2
Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8
и текстами A–G
. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифрутолько один раз
.В задании один заголовок лишний.

	Sports as Pastimes for Gentlemen		Professional Sport
			Popular Sports in Britain
	Definition of Sport		Popular Sports in the USA

A.
In the USA the three main sports are baseball and American football, followed closely by basketball. Baseball developed from the British game of “rounders” (which is still played by children in Britain) in the early 19
th
century. American football developed from the football played by British colonists in the 17th
century. In the early 19th
century it was taken up by college students and at first it was a rough, tough game with variable rules. In 1880 the standard number of 11 men and new rules were adopted.

B.
Extreme sports are dangerous but they are becoming more and more popular with teenagers. They say they go in for extreme kinds of sports because extreme sport is exciting and gives them an adrenalin rush. Every year in the USA, over 700 000 young people go to hospital because of sporting injuries. Most injuries are from extreme sports like baseball, skydiving, bungee jumping, BMX biking, surfing,
white-water rafting, rugby, etc.

C.
Sport is a physical activity done for exercise and amusement. It is usually played in a special area and according to special rules. It is very often used instead of the words “game” or “pastime.” Among popular team sports are football, basketball, volleyball, tennis, hockey, athletics, etc. People play different sports at different times of the year, so they go skiing in winter and swimming in summer..

D.
Over a century ago, the novelist Anthony Trollope listed the sports “essentially dear to the English nature”. These included hunting, shooting, rowing and horse racing. He was, of course, referring to the “gentleman class”, which through the public school system established football, rugby and cricket as national games. But hunting, rowing, yachting and horse racing, because of the expense involved, have remained primarily upper class pastimes. Attendance at Henley Regatta, the high point of rowing season, and Royal Ascot, for horse racing, remain the pinnacles of the upper class summer season.

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

ВАРИАНТ 2

E.
Many sports that are most known internationally originated in Britain. Football known officially as “association football” and sometimes called “soccer” is said to have been played as early as the 12
th
century. The present form of the game was laid down by the Football Association in 1863. Rugby football (informally called “rugger”) arose from the game played at Rugby School, Warwickshire, in 1823 and subsequently developed into two distinct games: Rugby Union and Rugby League.

F.
Organized sport for athletes with a disability is generally divided into three broad disability groups: the deaf, people with physical disabilities and people with intellectual disability. Each group has a distinct history, organization, competition programme and approach to sport. Formal international competition in deaf sport began with 1924 Paris
Silent Games
. These games evolved into the modernDeaflympics
. Currently, Paralympic sport is popular all over the world.

G.
Sports have many affinities with art. For example, figure skating, skateboarding, gymnastics, dance sport can be considered artistic spectacles. Perhaps the best example is bull fight, which is reported in Spain in the arts pages of newspapers. Arts and sports were clearly linked at the time of Ancient Greece when gymnastics and calisthenics evoked admiration and athletic appreciation for the physical build, skill and grace displayed by participants.

What people wear says a lot about who they are and what they do, and it is not surprising that teenagers are so concerned about their clothes. Nevertheless, their parents think that following fashion is a waste of time.

From my point of view, it is important to look smart and attractive because we cannot go through life with the same hairstyle or make-up. I also believe it is necessary for teenagers to follow fashion. When you are up with fashion, you feel confident. What is more, everyone should find their own style to express their individuality. I hate when people dress alike. Personally, I prefer hand-made or designer clothes and try to look stylish.

However, many parents do not understand why teens spend so much time and money on their clothes. Quite a lot of adults are old-fashioned and do not accept modern trends in clothing. They say that fashion comes and goes but classical style remains.

As for me, I cannot agree with them because teenage fashion is quite specific. Nobody likes to dress in styles that are too old for them, and it is no fun being teased because of it. Moreover, clothes will be especially important in our future career, so learning to choose the right clothes is worth spending time and money.

Прочитайте тексты и установите соответствие между текстами и их заголовками: к каждому тексту, обозначенному буквами А–G, подберите соответствующий заголовок, обозначенный цифрами 1–8. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок.

1. Meaningful name

2. Times and associations

3. Still the first in the list of destruction

4. Severe and powerful

5. Unique in many ways

6. Too much to remain pure

7. Natural flow preserved

8. Center of development

A.
The fifth longest river in the world is the Yenisei which flows north from Mongolia through Russia to the Arctic Ocean. Originally, nomadic tribes — the Kit and Yugh people — lived along the banks of the Yenisei. Russian explorers first reached its shores in 1605. Much of the Yenisei is ice-bound six or more months in the year. Explosives are used to keep the water flowing, thereby avoiding serious flooding. A series of massive hydroelectric dams provide energy to support Russian industry.

B.
Known as the “cradle of Chinese civilization”, the Yellow River in China is the 6th longest river in the world. It’s been a major center of Chinese population and culture since the 3rd century B.C. However, the Yellow River has another name — “China’s Sorrow”. For thousands of years, the river has regularly flooded, destroying the surrounding countryside and populations. Today over a dozen dams control the flooding and also provide electricity for millions.

C.
Every year schoolchildren everywhere learn the names of the world’s great rivers. Everyone knows the longest river is the Nile. Or is it? Brazilian and Peruvian scientists now argue that the Amazon should be considered the longest (using complicated measurements only scientists can understand). But for now, the Nile still wins the title of “longest river” in textbooks. The Nile has always been the lifeline of Egyptian civilization. The annual flooding of the river creates rich agricultural soil, ideal for growing wheat and flax and other crops.

D.
When people think of the Mississippi River, their first thought is usually of Mark Twain and the adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn. They may not recall from their childhood geography lessons that the Mississippi is the fourth longest river in the world. For thousands of years, Native Americans lived along the Mississippi, mostly living as hunter-gatherers and herders. That life changed forever when Europeans first arrived in the 16th century; today the Mississippi plays a crucial role in the economic life of dozens of cities and small towns situated along its shores.

E.
The third longest river is the Yangtze River in China. The river plays a very important role in China’s history, culture and economy. Nearly one-third of China’s huge population lives along the Yangtze river. The Yangtze is one of the world’s busiest waterways. Everything is transported along the Yangtze: coal, cars, produce and people. The river also attracts many tourists who take cruises through the famous Three Gorges area. Sadly, because of the heavy traffic on the river and industry along its, banks the Yangtze is very polluted.

F.
The Nile may still earn the title for longest river, but the Amazon — the second longest — has the greatest volume by far. The Amazon contains approximately one-fifth of the water flowing in the world’s rivers. Uniquely, there are no bridges crossing the Amazon anywhere along its long route. Most of the Amazon flows through tropical rainforests, where there are few roads or cities — and therefore no need for bridges. The Amazon Rainforest is the home of more than one-third of all animal and plant species in the world.

G.
From its origins in the Altay Mountains in China, the Irtysh flows north-west through Kazakhstan, and finally merges with the Ob, in western Siberia, Russia. The Ob is 7th longest river in the world. In the 1960s and 1970s proposals to reverse the flow of the Irtysh among other Northern rivers were seriously and widely discussed. These gigantic water management schemes meant to supply water to central Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Thanks to Kazakh and Russian environmentalists and lack of money they were not implemented.

Для
ответов на задания С1 и С2 используйте
бланк ответов № 2. При вы­полнении
заданий С1 и С2 особое внимание обратите
на то, что ваши ответы будут оцениваться
только по записям, сделанным в бланке
ответов № 2. Ни­какие записи черновика
не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите
внимание также на необходимость
соблюдения указанного объема текста.
Тексты недо­статочного объема, а
также часть текста, превышающая требуемый
объем —
не
оцениваются. Запишите сначала номер
задания (CI,
C2),
а затем ответ на него. Если одной стороны
бланка недостаточно, вы можете
использовать его другую сторону.

CI
You have 20 minutes to do this task.

You
have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Tom who
writes:

Last
month our class went to Washington to visit the National Museum of
American History. It was my first visit there and it was fun! How
often do you go to museums with your class, if at all? Which museum
is your favourite or what museum would you like to visit? Why do you
think people should go there?

This
summer we plan to go hiking with my parents.

Write
a letter to Tom. In your letter

• answer
  his questions

• ask
  3 questions
  about
  his summer plans

Write
100-140
words.

Remember
the rules of letter writing.

C2
You have 40 minutes to do this task.

Comment
on the following statement.

Some
people think that extreme sports help to build character. What
is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?

Write
200-250
words.

Use
the following plan:

• make
  an introduction (state the problem)

• express
  your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion

• express
  an opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasons for this opposing opinion

• explain
  why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion

• make
  a conclusion restating your position

©
2012 Федеральный институт педагогических
измерений. © 2012 Национальное образование.
Копирование, распространение и
использование без письменного разрешения
правообладателей не допускается

Вариант
2 Раздел 1. Аудирование

Bl

Вы
услышите 6 высказываний. Установите
соответствие между высказывания­ми
каждого говорящего A—F
и утверждениями, данными в списке 1-7,
Используй­те каждое утверждение,
обозначенное соответствующей цифрой,
только
один раз, В задании есть одно лишнее
утверждение. Вы
услышите
запись
дважды.
Занесите
свои
ответы
в
таблицу.

1. I
feel unhappy because I can’t change public attitude to our planet.

2. I
would like to see new energy saving laws introduced.

3- I
am afraid of the after-effects of human activities.

1. I
   am sure that wise attitude to basic earth supplies is necessary.

2. I
   do not want my family to live in polluted environment.

3. I
   am for the use of energy saving practices in house construction.

4. I
   find many simple ways to help our planet in everyday life.

Говорящий	A	В	С	D	E	F
Утверждение

Вы
услышите разговор друзей. Определите,
какие из приведенных утверждений А1-А7
соответствуют
содержанию текста (1
—
True),
какие
не соответству­ют (2 —
False)
и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на
основании текста нельзя дать ни
положительного, ни отрицательного
ответа (3 —
Not
stated).
Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта
ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

А1

When
leaving school Emily already knew that she would study medicine.

1)
True 2)
False 3)
Not stated

А2

Emily
left Melbourne to get new experiences.

1) True 2)
False

3)
Not stated

A3

А4

А5

А6

А7

Emily
moved to Finland because she found her lab work in London boring.

1)
True 2)
False 3)
Not stated

In
Finland people at university preferred to speak Finnish with
Emily.

1) True 2)
False 3)
Not stated

David
is not happy about his experience of learning French in France.

1)
True 2)
False 3)
Not stated

David
would like to go by the trans-Siberian train one day.

1)
True 2)
False 3)
Not stated

Emily
is going to London again to continue her studies of immune
system,

1) True 2)
False 3)
Not stated

2-11921

©
2012 Федеральный институт педагогических
измерений. © 2012 Национальное образование.
Копирование, распространение и
использование без письменного разрешения
правообладателей не допускается

18

ЕГЭ-2012.
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ
ЯЗЫК:
ТИПОВЫЕ
ЭКЗАМЕНАЦИОННЫЕ
ВАРИАНТЫ

Вы
услышите интервью. В заданиях А8-А14,
обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соот­ветствующую
выбранному вами варианту ответа. Вы
услышите
запись
дважды.

А8

А9

А10

All

The
Portobello Festival differs from festivals in Cannes and Venice as
it

1. is
   running its second season only.

2. is
   not so fashionable and well-known.

3. does
   not attract celebrities.

The
festival was initially founded to

1. let
   independent filmmakers demonstrate their work.

2. help
   different filmmakers earn money.

3. advertise
   video equipment but not to show films.

According
to the festival’s director they made the festival free because

1. they
   get enough money for placing advertisements.

2. there
   are no expensive prizes and launch parties.

3. sponsors
   and funds provide good financial support.

One
characteristic feature of the Portobello Festival is that

1. 700
   films are shown each festival season.

2. only
   short films are chosen for the festival annually.

3. student
   films are shown together with professionals’ works.

A12|
The
festival’s director believes that their films are

1. of
   better quality than TV films.

2. worthy
   to be shown on TV.

3. the
   world’s top hits.

A13[
The
famous filmmaker whose first film was shown at the festival is

1. John
   Malkovich.

2. Guy
   Ritchie.

3. Jonathan
   Barnett.

A14
Speaking
about future plans, the festival’s director

1. thinks
   the festival will be united with Glastonbury or Edinburgh events

2. believes
   the festival should turn to other arts mostly.

3. sounds
   optimistic about the festival extension.

©2012
Федеральный институт педагогических
измерений. © 2012 Национальное образование.
Копирование, распространение и
использование без письменного разрешения
правообладателей не допускается

ВАРИАНТ
2

По
окончании выполнения заданий В1
и
А1-А14
НЕ
ЗАБУДЬТЕ ПЕРЕНЕСТИ СВОИ ОТВЕТЫ В
БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №
11
ОБРАТИТЕ
ВНИМАНИЕ, что от­веты на задания Bl,
A1-A14
располагаются
в разных частях бланка. При пере­носе
ответов в задании В1 (в нижней части
бланка) цифры записываются без пробелов
и знаков препинания.

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Раздел 2. Чтение

B2 Установите соответствие между заголовками A–Н и текстами 1–7.

Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только

один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

A. ORANGE MARMALADE       E. KINDS OF ORANGES

B. EXPANSION OF ORANGES  F. FRUIT FOR ALL

C. HEALTHY FRUIT                   G. HOW TO PREPARE ORANGES

D. POPULAR FRUIT                  H. HOW TO CHOOSE ORANGES

1. Oranges are one of the most eaten fruits around the world. They are round
citrus fruits with finely-textured skins that are, of course, orange in colour
just like their pulpy flesh. Juicy and sweet and known for their concentration
of vitamin C, oranges make the perfect snack and add a special flavour to
many recipes. Orange juice is an integral part of breakfast.

2. Oranges are classified into two general categories – sweet and bitter – with
the former being the type most commonly consumed. Popular varieties of
the sweet orange include Valencia, Novel and Jaffa oranges, as well as the
blood orange, a hybrid species that is smaller in size, more aromatic in
flavour and has red hues running through its flesh. Bitter oranges are often
used to make jam or marmalade.

3. Sweet oranges were introduced to Europe in around the 15th century by the
Moors and the Portuguese as well as by the Italian traders and explorers.
Christopher Columbus brought orange seeds to the New World on his
second voyage. Spanish explorers are responsible for bringing oranges to
Florida in the 16th century, while Spanish missionaries brought them to
California in the 18th century.

4. Before the 20th century, oranges were very expensive and therefore they
were not regularly consumed, but rather eaten on special holiday such as
Christmas. After more efficient means of transportation and food processors
had been invented to develop methods for using by-products, the price of
oranges dropped, and they could be bought by people even with limited
means as they are today.

5. Oranges do not necessarily have to have a bright orange colour to be good.
In fact, the uniform colour may be due to injection of an artificial dye. Being
partially green or having brown spots, oranges may be just as ripe and tasty
as those that are solid orange in colour. Buy oranges that have smoothly
textured skin and are firm and heavy for their size.

6. Thin-skinned oranges can be easily peeled with your fingers.
For the thicker skinned varieties make four cuts from top to bottom and
peel away these sections of skin, or starting at the top, peel the orange
 in a spiral fashion.Before cutting the orange in half, wash the skin so that
 any dirt or bacteria from the surface will not be transferred to the fruit.

7. You may already know that oranges are an excellent source of vitamin C
which can neutralize free radicals and is also vital for the proper functioning
of the immune system. Oranges are protective against excessive weight
gaining, heart disease, certain cancers, diabetes, high blood pressure and
strokes. The health benefits of oranges continue with their fiber, which can
reduce high cholesterol levels.

B3 Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1–6 частями предложений,

обозначенными буквами А–G. Одна из частей в списке А–G – лишняя.

Занесите букву, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в

таблицу.

Saturday jobs: memories of weekend working

Research has shown a sharp fall in the number of teenagers who do Saturday jobs.
It seems such a shame – my Saturday job as a kitchen porter was something of a rite of
passage. I’ll never forget long hours A________, scouring grease off huge saucepans and griddles.
Working atmosphere there helped me grow a thicker skin, develop quicker banter and, most
importantly, taught me the value of hard work. It also resulted in a steady supply of cash,
B________. I’m not the only one who has strong memories of weekend work. DJ Trevor Nelson said
everyone should be able to have a Saturday job: «It taught me a lot, C________.»The link between
the type of Saturday job a celebrity performed and their later career is sometimes obvious.
Dragon’s Den star and businessman Peter Jones, for example, showed early promise by starting
his own business. «I passed my Lawn Tennis Association coaching exam, D_______,» he explains.
«At the start I was coaching other kids, E_________, for which I could charge £25–30 an hour. While
my friends on milk rounds were getting £35 a week, I was doing five hours on a Saturday
and earning four times as much.»Skier Chemmy Alcott got a job working for the Good Ski Guide,
on the advertising side. «It became clear to me what my personal value to companies could
be. It led directly to me finding my head sponsor … and it offered me an eight-year contract.
That gave me the financial backing F_________.»As part of its response to the Saturday job statistics,
the UK Commission for Employment and Skills said a lack of early work opportunities makes it
harder for young people to acquire experience for their CVs.

    1) but soon I got adults wanting to book lessons
    2) which I would happily spend as I liked
    3) which let me know he approved of me
    4) and things would be different if everyone was given the chance
    5) which I needed to become a professional skier
    6) that I spent in the kitchen of a busy country pub in East Sussex
    7) and I persuaded my local club to let me use a court on Saturdays

because others dislike them or find them dangerous, or too thick to spend their

free time on, or too difficult to understand. I believe in choosing the hardest

book imaginable.
I believe in reading what others have to say about this difficult book,

and then making up my own mind, agreeing or disagreeing with what I have

read and understood. Part of this has to do with Mr. Buxton, who taught me

Shakespeare in the 10th grade. We were reading Macbeth. Mr. Buxton,

who probably had better things to do, nonetheless agreed to meet one night

to go over the text line by line. The first thing he did was
point out the repetition of motifs. For example, the reversals of things («fair

is foul and foul is fair»). Then there was the association of masculinity with

violence in the play. What Mr. Buxton did not tell me was what the play meant.

He left the conclusions to me.
The situation was much the same with my history teacher in 11th grade,

Mr. Flanders, who encouraged me to have my own relationship with historical

eventsand my own attitude to them. He often quoted famous historians in the

process.I especially liked the one who said, «Those who forget their history have

no future.»
High school was followed by college, where I read Umberto Eco’s Role of the

Reader, in which it is said that the reader completes the text, that the text is

never finished until it meets this careful and engaged reader. The open texts,

Eco calls them. In college, I read some of the great Europeans and Latin

Americans.

All the works I read were open texts. It was an exciting experience. Besides, I got

familiar with wonderful works of literary criticism.
There are those critics, of course, who insist that there are right ways and wrong

ways to read every book. No doubt they arrived at these beliefs through their

own adventures in the stacks. Perhaps their adventures were not so exciting or

romantic. And these are important questions for philosophers of every character.

But yet I know only what joy and enthusiasm about reading have taught me, in

bookstores new and used. They have taught me not to be afraid of something

new,unusual or non-traditional, not to deny it but embrace it and try to

understandeven if you cannot agree with it. Not to stay within the boundaries

but always seek for something new and enjoy every second of this creative

process and be happy every time you get some result, no matter how positive

or negative.
I believe there is not now and never will be an authority who can tell me how to

interpret, how to read, how to find the pearl of literary meaning in all cases.

There exist thousands of versions, interpretations, colours and shadows. You

could spend a lifetime thinking about a sentence, and making it your own.