Resistance to change innovation in action changing your routine егэ

Reading

1 Match the headings 1-6 to the sentences A-E and write them in the table below. There is one heading which you don’t need to use.

1 Resistance to change

2Innovation in action

3 Changing your routine

4 A change for the better

5 Changes in social trends

6 Changing roles

A The arrival of a new baby is always a marvellous thing but the change can be disruptive and even stressful, especially for first time parents. It is difficult to cope with the sleepless nights and constant demands of a newborn so it is important to organize your day differently to accommodate for these circumstances. For example, afternoon naps can help parents catch up on much-needed sleep.

B The first time I saw Sheffield park, I was shocked because it was a mess and it obviously hadn’t been looked after in years. When I came back to the park five years later, it looked much neater and I had a nice walk around. Parks are not very trendy these days, the probably never have been, but they are an important part of a town and should be well managed.

C Popular music seems to be running out of ideas. A recent trend is to take hits as far back as the 50-s and 60-s and re-release them with the lyrics changed. For many, there is something sacrilegious in seeing classics such as Beatles’ All you need is love downloadable as I met her online. The melody is the same but the words and sense are completely different, completely distorting the original song.

D this innovative executive programme give professionals from different fields the opportunity to exchange positions for a limited period and gain a completely new insight into the business world. To give a recent example, Paula Wright, sales manager in pharmaceuticals firm, spent three months as a consultant in an accountancy company. Her feedback and comments can be found on the websiteat the top of this brochure.

E The first time that talking pictures were shown in cinemas was the 1920s with movies like The Jazz Singer. These films were expensive to make and the actual content was often little improvement on silent movies, but the quickly caught movie goers’ imagination. Talking pictures soon became trendy, in no small part thanks to technological advances which meant that dialogue sequences could be longer.

A	B	C	D	F

2 Read the text and complete the missing parts A-F with the clauses 1-7. Complete the table below. There is one extra clause which you do not need to use.

Canals

You won’t go far in Britain without coming across a canal. The canal network in Britain covers almost 3,500 kilometres A__________________.

Canals are still in use and they are very much part of the British landscape. It was the Romans who introduced canals to Britain, mainly to link rivers. But canal building really started in the industrial revolution, from the eighteenth to the nineteenth century, B_______________________. The road system was then under-developed so an alternative was badly needed. The first major canal was the Bridgewater canal in 1761.

C_______________________, the Bridgewater canal was an engineering masterpiece and it had a dramatic effect on local industries: coal prices fell 60 %. The Bridgewater canal started what can be called a canal boom.

In the early days, boats were pulled by horses. With a boat, it was possible for a horse to pull more than ten times what it could in a cart. Horses were used D__________________________. Animal lovers certainly welcomed this change because the life of a canal horse was far from easy.

The use of canals started to fall in the middle of the nineteenth century when railways started to be built. Trains were much faster, economical E___________________________. A whole way of life changed as canals were much more than just transport. Whole families used to live on canal boats.

F________________________________, when many were just abandoned, canals have become popular again as tourist attractions or holiday destinations. Canal tours, with the boats a lot more comfortable today, are a great way of appreciating British history. Long may this tradition continue.

1 and they could just carry more things and people

2 named after the man who designed the whole project

3 despite being quite expensive compared to other forms of transport

4 but most of them are concentrated in England

5 in spite of going through a long period of decline and neglect

6 when manufacturers and customers needed cheaper and quicker transport

7 until they were replaced by steam and other power sources

A	B	C	D	E	F

3 Read the text and answer the questions. Choose the best answer 1-4

Feng Shui

On the face of it, there is little to connect the oriental art of Feng Shui with the world of hammers, power drills and paint. But the ancient Chinese philosophy, which involves changing the design of your living or working space to improve your fortune, is proving to be a big hit in the world of “Do-It-Yourself” stories, where people go to buy building materials and tools.

Two vast new DIY superstores have been designed in the UK following Feng Shui guidelines, and their business is booming. Both store managers maintain their success is due to the positive energy that has been chanelled into their shops by Feng Shui experts, who were called in for advice before the final decisions were made about the design of the new buildings.

“I first encountered Feng Shui when I went to the opening of our company’s first store in Taiwan. Everyone there takes it so seriously you cannot fail to be impressed,” said David Ingliss, store manager.

Mr Ingliss’s hosts in Taiwan told him of the Hong Kong millionaire who relocated his business empire into a new skyscraper. However, soon after the move, the business began to go down. In desperation the businessman called in the Feng Shui experts, who said that because his new office block was round “it” was like a huge cigarette, and all the energy was burning off through the roof. They said the only thing he could do was to build a swimming pool on the roof, which he did. And to this day there is an office block in Hong Kong with a swimming pool 40 floors up which no one ever uses, but there is a successful company underneath it.

“Some people may think Feng Shui is just mystical rubbish and I must admit there is a superstitious element to it,” said Mr Ingliss. “But much of it is just common sense and has a direct relevance to good selling. Experts believe that things shouldn’t be messy and crowded, so we made a policy of keeping the aisles wide and spacious.” Mr Ingliss’s store with a floor area greater than two football pitches, has been described as a DIY Disneyland, which he takes as a great compliment. And it has also been one of the most successful in its first year of any of the chain of stores.

Jon Dorset, manager of a sister store, also pays close attention to advice on colour, lighting and especially on the distribution of indoor plants to provide clear and welcoming atmosphere.

“I’m not sure that I believe in the magical side to it, but I did move a mirror at home that was facing the front door- that is very unlucky apparently- and it actually just looks better in its new place,” said Mr Dorset.

1 What did the Feng Shui experts do for the UK stores?

1. They gave some advice about business.
2. They taught the managers their philosophy.
3. They made suggestions about design.
4. They helped to build the stores.

2 What impressed Mr Ingliss in Taiwan?

1. The people’s attitude to Feng Shui
2. The opening of a new store
3. How serious everyone seemed
4. The amount of business there was

3 What does “it” refer to?

1. A cigarette
2. The building
3. Some energy
4. The roof

4 Why was the swimming pool built?

1. To provide somewhere for the employees to relax
2. To stop the building from falling down
3. To make the building safer in case of fire
4. To stop the building’s energy from being lost

5 What does Mr Ingliss think about Feng Shui?

1. It is superstitious rubbish
2. It can give you more energy
3. It can help your sales
4. It doesn’t tell you anything new

6 What is meant by ‘a DYI Disneyland’?

1. A very large building
2. A DIY store which is enjoyable to visit
3. Somewhere for all the family
4. A store where there are lots of things to do

7 What do Mr Ingliss’s and Mr Dorsett’s store both have?

1. Successful garden departments
2. Long opening hours
3. Leisure areas
4. Lots of space for customers

Answer key

1

A	B	C	D	F
3	4	1	6	2

2

A	B	C	D	E	F
4	6	2	7	1	5

3

1	2	3	4	5	6	7
3	1	2	4	3	2	4

Раздел 2. Чтение

Вопрос:  Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

A The arrival of a new baby is always a marvellous thing but the change can be disruptive and even stressful, especially for first-time parents. It is difficult to cope with the sleepless nights and constant demands of a newborn so it is important to organise your day differently to accommodate for these circumstances. For example, afternoon naps can help parents catch up on much-needed sleep.

B Have you ever thought about doing a parachute jump? Join our two-day parachuting course and by the end you won’t be able to resist the challenge. Parachuting is fun, safe and once you know the routine, you’ll feel really confident about stepping out of that plane. Everyone can manage it and it can really change your attitude to adventure sports.

C Change is an inevitable part of the business cycle and it is crucial to plan and deal with it properly. At first, the organisation needs to accept the change in circumstances, whether for the better or not. The next steps depend on the extent of the change, in other words, if it is something routine and of low impact, or something with wide implications for the business.

D The first time I saw Sheffield park, I was shocked because it was a mess and it obviously hadn’t been looked after in years. When I came back to the park five years later, it looked much neater and I had a nice walk around. Parks are not very trendy these days, they probably never have been, but they are an important part of a town and should be well managed.

E Popular music seems to be running out of ideas. A recent trend is to take hits as far back as the 50s and 60s and re-release them with the lyrics changed. For many, there is something sacrilegious in seeing classics such as the Beatles’ All you need is love downloadable as I met her online. The melody is the same but the words and sense are completely different, completely distorting the original song.

F This innovative executive programme gives professionals from different fields the opportunity to exchange positions for a limited period and gain a completely new insight into the business world. To give a recent example, Paula Wright, sales manager in a pharmaceuticals firm, spent three months as a consultant in an accountancy company. Her feedback and comments can be found on the website at the top of this brochure.

G The first time that talking pictures were shown in cinemas was the 1920s with movies like The Jazz Singer. These films were expensive to make, and the actual content was often little improvement on silent movies, but they quickly caught movie-goers’ imagination. Talking pictures soon became trendy, in no small part thanks to technological advances which meant that dialogue sequences could be longer.

Ответ: 

A	B	C	D	E	F	G
3	7	8	4	5	6	2

Лекция «СТРАТЕГИИ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ ЗАДАНИЙ РАЗДЕЛА2 «ЧТЕНИЕ»

Презентацию приготовила учитель английского языка МБОУ СОШ2 Гор Лесосибирск Шалыгина Г.М.

Раздел 2 «Чтение» задания 10, 11,12-18 включает в себя 3 задания Задания данного раздела проверяют

• понимание основного содержания текста,
• понимание структурно-смысловых связей в тексте,
• полное и точное понимание информации в тексте.
• Рекомендуемое время выполнения данного раздела — 30 минут. Максимальный результат — 20 баллов.

/

ТЕКСТ ЗАДАНИЯ

Задание10-чтение

Важно!  С целью экономии времени не нужно прочитывать все тексты сразу. Прочитайте сначала заголовки, а затем каждый текст в отдельности .

Цель-выделить ключевые слова. Текст читается быстро,улавливая общее содержание. Не переводить текст,не пугаться незнакомых слов

Задание10-чтение

1 Match the headings 1-6 to the sentences A-E and write them in the table below. There is one heading which you don’t need to use.

1 Resistance to change — Сопротивление изменениям

2Innovation in action -Инновации в действии

3 Changing your routine -Измени свой распорядок дня.

4 A change for the better

5 Changes in social trends

6 Changing roles

A  The arrival of a new baby is always a marvellous thing but the change can be disruptive and even stressful, especially for first time parents. It is difficult to cope with the sleepless nights and constant demands of a newborn so it is important to organize your day differently to accommodate for these circumstances . For example, afternoon naps can help parents catch up on much-needed sleep.

B  The first time I saw Sheffield park, I was shocked because it was a mess and it obviously hadn’t been looked after in years. When I came back to the park five years later , it looked much neater and I had a nice walk around. Parks are not very trendy these days, the probably never have been, but they are an important part of a town and should be well managed.

Задание В2 базового уровня

Даются  8 заголовков и 7 текстов (один заголовок лишний).

Требуется  подобрать заголовок к каждому тексту. Здесь проверяется  умение понять основную тему текста.

Задание под номером 11 повышенного уровня Советы для успешного выполнения подобных заданий

2. Задание под номером 11 повышенного уровня, за которое дается максимальное количество баллов — 6, сформулировано следующим образом: Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу. Предлагается текст (газетная или журнальная статья) с шестью пропусками, обозначенными буквами (A-F), и семь фрагментов предложений для заполнения пропусков, обозначенных цифрами (1-7). Один фрагмент предложения — лишний. Надо установить соответствие между частью текста и пропущенным фрагментом предложения.

Это задание проверяет понимание структурно-смысловых связей текста.

Прочитать выделенные фрагменты и определить структурные особенности начала фрагмента (с точки зрения использования грамматических и лексических норм сочетаемости), если таковые имеются. 1) which is often in the form of hills 2) whenever it rains 3) to find water as far as 25 metres away 5) to better their body 6) even though the desert environment is very dry and hot , 7) that help them to live in the desert Например, информация пункта 6 обычно занимает место в начале предложения и выделяется запятой,

Whenever it rains , you’ll remember me.

ВНИМАНИЕ

Чтобы успешно справиться с заданиями этого типа важно понимать, как в английском языке строятся предложения:

вам нужно научиться находить в них подлежащее и сказуемое

вам важно понимать, какое слово/словосочетание будет определять пропущенная часть предложения

вам не плохо было бы вспомнить структуру сложносочиненных и сложноподчиненных предложений

Например,

Если вы знаете, что в определительном придаточном предложении мы используем

who с людьми

which или that с предметами

where с местами

Вы успешно заполните большую часть пропусков в данном задании

Visiting the Royal Parks London has a well-deserved reputation . Tourists A _______________________ can always relax in a lovely, quiet London park. The Royal Parks, such as St James’s, Green Park, the Hyde Park, and Kensington Gardens, are popular with locals and visitors. Many are former hunting estates of English monarchs, preserved as open space B _______________________. They are ideal places to relax and sunbathe in summer, enjoy gorgeous flower beds in spring C _______________________ . The Royal Parks provide fantastic green routes in London D _______________________ and through some of the most attractive areas of the capital. Picnics in the parks are also a popular activity especially during the busy summer months. Dogs are welcome in all the Royal Parks, although there are some places E _______________________. These are clearly indicated within each park and are usually ecologically sensitive sites, children’s play areas, restaurants, cafes and some sports areas. Ground nesting birds are particularly sensitive to disturbance by dogs and people. So it is necessary to observe the warning signs F _______________________. In Bushy Park and Richmond Park dogs should be kept away from the deer. The Royal Parks are for everyone to enjoy.

• that are displayed during the nesting season
• while the city has grown up around them

• and admire the changing leaves as autumn arrives

4. where they are not allowed or should be kept on a lead

5. who are tired of the noise, crowds and excitement of sightseeing

6. who does not know the route to the place of destination

7. that take cyclists away from traffic

Пропуск A

Tourists _____________ can always relax in a lovely, quiet London park.

Туристы могут всегда отдохнуть в красивых и тихих Лондонских парках. Какие туристы?

С who начинаются только два предложенных варианта — номер 5 и 6, из них, в соответствие с простой логикой выбираем ответ 5 — who are tired of the noise, crowds and excitement of sightseeng. Какие туристы? Туристы, которые устали от шума, толпы и достопримечательностей.

Пропуск A — Ответ 5

• that are displayed during the nesting season
• while the city has grown up around them

• and admire the changing leaves as autumn arrives

4. where they are not allowed or should be kept on a lead

5. who are tired of the noise, crowds and excitement of sightseeing

6. who does not know the route to the place of destination

7. that take cyclists away from traffic

Tourists _ (Какие ) _ who ___________ can always relax in a lovely, quiet London park.

Пропуск D

The Royal Parks provide fantastic green routes in London __________________ and .. .

Королевские парки предусматривают великолепные зеленые дорожки. Какие именно?

С which вариантов ответов нет, а вот с that нам предлагают варианты 1 и 7. Какие именно дороги? Которые уводят велосипедистов с проезжей части.

Правильный ответ 7 — that take cyclists away from traffic.

Пропуск D — Ответ 7

7-that take cyclists away from traffic

1-that are displayed during the nesting season

The Royal Parks provide fantastic green routes in London which-that __ ( Какие именно дороги? )) ________________ and through some of the most attractive areas of the capital.

Пропуск E

Dogs are welcome in all the Royal Parks, although there are some places _____________.

Здесь даже думать не надо!   С местами (places) в придаточных мы используем where, и это, определенно, ответ 4 — where they are not allowed or should be kept on a lead.

Пропуск E — Ответ 4

следует держать на поводке

Dogs are welcome in all the Royal Parks, although there are some places _ ( where ) ____________.

В пропуске F также должно быть определительное придаточное предложение, отсутствие запятой дает нам возможность выбрать пункт 1 , так как по правилу ограничительных и распространительных определительных предложений that используется только в ограничительных предложений, не выделяемых запятой.

Пропуск F

So it is necessary to observe the warning signs _____________________.

Необходимо обращать внимание на предупреждающие знаки. Какие именно знаки?

С that у нас уже осталось единственное придаточное предложение в варианте 1 — that are displayed during the nesting season.

Какие именно знаки? Которые размещаются в период гнездования птиц.

Пропуск F — Ответ 1

• that are displayed during the nesting season
• that take cyclists away from traffic

So it is necessary to observe the warning signs __ Какие именно знаки ( that ) которые отображаются в течение сезона гнездования.

Пропуск С

There are ideal places to relax and sunbathe in summer, enjoy gorgeous flower beds in spring _________________.

В предложении с пропуском явно идет перечисление действий — загорать летом, наслаждаться видом цветочных клумб весной. А значит единственно логичным вариантом здесь будет часть предложения начинающаяся с союза and — and admire the changing leaves as autumn arrives. Правильный ответ — 3.

Пропуск С — Ответ 3

Прочитываем восполненный текст, проверяем смысловые, логические и грамматические связи и заносим ответы в таблицу. Ответ: A B C D E F 4 1 6 7 2 5

Не зря это задание на понимание “структурно-смысловых связей”. Здесь нужно обращать внимание на грамматическое строение предложения и учить выявлять в тексте однородные члены, сложносочиненные предложения и различные виды придаточных.

В приведенном выше задании нам встретились придаточные определительные (# 1, 5, 6, 7 who-that )

обстоятельства времени    (# 2) и  места (# 4) while -where .

И однородные члены предложения (# 2). Случай с однородными членами предложения -они всегда стоят в одинаковой форме. Здесь это однородные дополнения, выраженные инфинитивами 1) to relax and sunbathe, 2) enjoy and admire и относящиеся к

ВЫВОДЫ:

Задание 11 хоть и располагается в разделе Чтение, но подразумевает знание конструкции английских предложений, а значит, проверяет в том числе и грамматику

Начинайте выполнение заданий с поиска в предложении подлежащих и сказуемых (кто и что делает)

Не зацикливайтесь на незнакомых словах, а внимательно смотрите на слова и конструкцию предложений вокруг пропусков

(и до и после пропуска)

По мере прочтения каждого текста отмечайте все возможные варианты ответа рядом с текстом, помечая заголовок в списке как использованный. (Не забывайте, что на бланках КИМ разрешается делать любые пометки.)

Читать текст последовательно, обращая особое внимание не только на пунктуацию, но и на последнее слово или выражение перед каждым пропуском. Если это слово или выражение требует определенного согласования или управления (использование герундия, инфинитива, предлога, союза и т.д.), надо искать соответствующее начало в выделенном фрагменте.

Задание под номерами 12-18

,

за которое дается максимальное количество баллов — 7 (по 1 баллу за каждый правильный ответ), сформулировано следующим образом: Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. В третьем задании (А12-А18) части раздела чтения предлагаются семь тестовых заданий с четырьмя вариантами ответов (1-4), из которых только один является правильным. Как правило, это либо начало предложения, к которому предлагается четыре возможных варианта окончания, либо вопрос, к которому дается четыре варианта ответа . Это задание проверяет умение полностью понять содержание прочитанного, умение определять логические связи в предложении и между частями текста; умение делать выводы из прочитанного («читать между строк»), а также умение догадаться о значение слова (выражения) по контексту.

ТЕКСТ ЗАДАНИЯ

Задание №12-18

ВНИМАНИЕ

  Все утверждения (задания 12-18) следуют в порядке изложения в тексте!

3.Чтобы правильно выполнить задание под номерами 12-18, рекомендуется:

Быстро прочитать весь текст, не углубляясь в подробности для понимания общего содержания и основных событий рассказа.

При выполнении каждого задания внимательно перечитывайте только ту часть, где должен быть ответ. Выполняйте задание последовательно.

Помните, что последовательность тестовых вопросов связана с последовательностью развития сюжета текста. Прочитайте первый вопрос, подчеркните ключевые слова и найдите тот фрагмент текста, где должен быть ответ. Этим фрагментом может быть одно слово, выражение, целое предложение или абзац.

Выберите правильный ответ, обязательно найдя и подчеркнув то место в тексте, которое подтверждает ответ.

Не пытайтесь найти точно такие же слова и выражения, которые содержатся в вопросе, в самом тексте. Вам нужно найти синонимичные способы выражения одной и той же мысли. Если не получается определить правильный ответ, действуйте методом исключения. Если не можете осознанно выбрать ни один из предложенных вариантов, не понимаете сути вопроса, выбирайте ответ интуитивно, не оставляйте задание без ответа. Таким же образом работайте со всеми остальными вопросами.

. В третьем задании (А12-А18) части раздела чтения предлагаются семь тестовых заданий с четырьмя вариантами ответов (1-4), из которых только один является правильным. Как правило, это либо начало предложения, к которому предлагается четыре возможных варианта окончания, либо вопрос, к которому дается четыре варианта ответа. Это задание проверяет умение полностью понять содержание прочитанного, умение определять логические связи в предложении и между частями текста; умение делать выводы из прочитанного («читать между строк»), а также умение догадаться о значение слова (выражения) по контексту

Задание №12

В задании подчеркнуты ключевые слова — вопрос в том, когда такие автомобили станут дешевыми.

В первом абзаце текста в одном и том же предложении мы имеем 7 years и 8 years.

Теперь мы точно знаем где «зарыт»правильный ответ, осталось только внимательно перевести это предложение:

оказывается, что по высокой цене такие авто можно будет приобрести через 7 лет, но понадобится еще 8 лет после этого, чтобы машины стали доступными.

7+8=15 лет.

Ответ 2.

Задание №12 — Ответ 2

Driverless cars

1. According to the author driverless cars will become cheap enough for most people to buy within the following …

1) 8 years.

2) 15 years.

3) 7 years.

4) 20 years.

Driverless cars are expected to be rolling into the streets within the next 20 years. In fact, they’ve legally been on the roads for the past years, approved for testing purposes. It is predicted that driverless vehicles will be commercially available at a high cost within 7 years, but it may take a no ther 8 years for prices to drop enough to spur mass consumption .

Today, the discussions focus primarily on the shifting of accident liability to manufacturers and all the goodness that comes along with reducing accidents.

Задание №13

Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the text?

1. driverless car  operator won’t be resposible for accidents

2. the  age  required  to operate  a driverless car is likely to  rise

3. driverless cars may  increase  the number of road  accidents

4. the driverless car  will voice-activated

Исходя из здравого смысла, наверное сразу из правильных можно исключить вариант 3, так как, вряд ли полностью автоматические автомобили увеличат количество аварий на дорогах.

Далее ищем ответ в районе второго абзаца.

Информации об активации авто голосом (вариант 4) и возрасте (вариант 2) здесь отсутствует.

Чтобы убедиться в правильности варианта 1 внимательно смотрим на первое предложение второго абзаца, в котором есть фраза — the shifting of accident liability to manufactures — перенос ответственности за аварии на производителя.

А это значит, что операторы такого автомобиля (действительно их вряд ли можно назвать водителями) не будут нести ответственности за аварии.

Задание №13 — Ответ 1

Сегодня дискуссии сосредоточены в первую очередь на передаче ответственности за аварии производителям и всем благом, которое приходит вместе с сокращением несчастных случаев.

Задание №14

To operate a driverless car, their owners will be required to…

1. set the destination  on the GPS

2. have  experience in programming

3. obtain  a collision  insurance

4. have a  special license

Опять же из личного опыта можно исключить варианты 2 (о знаниях программирования для управления таким автомобилем)

и 4 (о наличии каких то специальных прав, так как оператор по сути управлять автомобилем не будет).

В третьем абзаце нет информации о страховках (ответ 4), а вот GPS — навигация как раз встречается (ответ 1).

Задание №14 — Ответ 1

The concept of a “driver” will be replaced with that of an “operator”, who simply programs the vehicle’s GPS to arrive at the desired destination and pushes the “Start” button to begin the trip. Since judgment will no longer be required of the operator, they won’t need a driver’s license. Theoretically, a 10-year-old child could independently take the car to school in the morning.

Задание №18

The  attitude of the author  towards the driverless cars may be described as…

1.optimistic

2. negative

3.indifferent

4.unsure

Мнение автора сугубо оптимистичное,

тем более, что в паре последних абзацев он даже говорит о перспективе машин, передвигающихся по воздуху.

Задание №18 — Ответ 1

ВЫВОДЫ:

Общие знания об окружающем мире могут дать прозрачные намеки на ряд правильных ответов, НО верный ответ нужно искать В ТЕКСТЕ!

Все утверждения (вопросы 12-18) следуют в порядке изложения в тексте, и если вы не можете найти ответа на вопрос, например, 13, то его следует пропустить и, вернувшись к нему в конце, искать необходимую информацию между абзацами, в которых Вы нашли ответы на вопросы 12 и 14.

ресурсы

Источник: https://rosuchebnik.ru/material/ege-po-angliyskomy-yazyku-chtenie-zadaniya/

Источник: https://rosuchebnik.ru/material/ege-po-angliyskomy-yazyku-chtenie-zadaniya/

  
Годовая
контрольная работа

по
английскому языку для 11 класса

Вариант 2

  Part 1.  Listening

А1. You will hear
six people talking about celebrities in the media. Match the speakers with the
statements A-G below. There is one extra statement. Вы услышите
высказывания шести молодых людей о знаменитостях. Установите соответствие между
высказываниями каждого говорящего 1–6 и утверждениями, данными в списке A–G.
Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное буквой, только один раз. В задании
есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

A    The speaker
believes that viewers have the choice of tuning in to celebrity news or
not.                

B    The speaker
believes there is nothing wrong with following celebrity
gossip.                                               

C    The speaker
doesn’t really care about celebrity
news.                                                                             

D    The speaker
doesn’t believe everything he/she hears about celebrities in the media.

E    The speaker
doesn’t understand why the public is so interested in celebrates.

F     The speaker
believes that the media shouldn’t talk about the private lives of the famous. 

G    The speaker
believes that the media is providing stories that interest the public.

Speaker 1	speaker 2	speaker 3	speaker 4	speaker 5	speaker 6

Part 2.  Reading.

А2. Установите
соответствие между заголовками A—F и
текстами 1 – 5. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании один заголовок
лишний.

A.
New developments        B. Information online        C. Entertainment online

D.
Communication improved        E. New relationships online        F. More
peaceful world

1. As we know,
approximately fifty years ago television was introduced, making the world
smaller by bringing images from all four corners of the world into our homes.
Over the last decade or so, a breakthrough in technology has come into our
lives which is making the world even smaller: the Internet. With a PC and a
telephone line, we are now connected to the whole world in a matter of seconds.

2. It is now
possible to speak to relatives and friends anywhere in the world cheaply and
quickly. It is even possible, with something called a webcam, to see and hear
them at the same time. It was not that long ago that the only way to
communicate with family members who were far away was by letter, which could
take days or sometimes weeks to reach its destination.

3. The Internet also
allows us to access a world of facts, figures and knowledge. If we have a
question on any subject at all from history to mathematics or philosophy to
geography, it can be discovered on the Net. We can find out the latest news or
what the weather is going to be like. Many subjects that required the reading
of books and were once only a valuable to a few people are now available to
everybody.

4. The Internet not
only means that we can communicate with loved ones but also with complete
strangers. By using “chat” services, it is possible to meet and exchange ideas
with people from all over the world. It is sometimes unbelievable to think that
the person we are writing to may be thousands of miles away, living in a
completely different culture with a way of life that is nothing like our own.
Of course, to be able to do this, we must speak the same language and that’s
why most communication on the Internet takes place in English.

5. Other services
are also available through the Internet. One of these, which provides hours of
pleasure for many people is the ability to download songs and music from other
people. This has also helped to bring down cultural barriers as we are able to
hear all the different kinds of music that exist all over the world. This helps
us to understand other cultures better and makes us familiar with what used to
be regarded as something completely foreign and strange to us.

1	2	3	4	5

Part
3. Vocabulary
& Grammar

А3.   Choose the correct item. Выберите
правильный вариант.

1. What
I enjoy most about this ___ city is the fact that I meet people from all
corners of the Earth.

A industrial                   B
cosmopolitan                 C residential

2.     
Rarely ___ her mind; she is very shy.

A   Alison speaks        B does Alison speak         C
doesn’t Alison speak 

3.     
The weather forecast says we’ll have very ___ winds this weekend,
so I doubt we’ll be able to go sailing.

A
strong                          B furious                            C
thick

4.     
When ___ by the coach that the match would be postponed?

A was it announced        B did it announce               C
had it announced

5.     
The car is ___ really bad condition; we’d better take it to a
mechanic.

A    of                         B  
at                               C  in

6.     
If  I had known your car had broken down, I ___ you a lift to
work.

A 
would have given    B will be giving             C will have given   

7.     
Alex can’t repair his computer on his own, so he ___ by a
technician.

A will have it repaired     B will have repaired it        C
will be repaired

8.     
Mark would never cheat ___ an exam; he thinks it’s too dishonest.

A in                              
B  to                                   C  of

9.     
Zoe __ her bike to school only after she’d done it for a couple of
weeks.

A was used to riding        B got used to riding            C
used to ride

10.
 Can you pay some attention, please? I feel like I’m  speaking to
the ____.

 A       wall  
                  B door                          C  man

Раздел 4 Writing

А4. This is a part of
a letter you have received from an American friend, Andrew.

…Could
you help me with some homework, please? We have to find out about the music
young people like in different countries. What kind of music are most popular
with you and your friends? When and how do they listen to it? Do you play music
yourself as well as listen to it?

 1) Write a letter to your friend in 100-140 words in an
appropriate style.
Напишите 100-140 слов в письме в подходящем стиле.

2) Answer his
questions. Ответьте на
его вопросы.

3) Ask your friend several questions about his life,
school, family and classmates. Задайте три вопроса о
его жизни, школе, семье и одноклассниках.

Спрятать пояснение

Спрятать критерии

Источник: Демонстрационная версия ЕГЭ—2023 по английскому языку

The main reason for the failure of many change initiatives can be found as the resistance to change. Resistance to change is costly and time consuming into the change process which means long or short delays in any process of change that are difficult to anticipate but must be taken into consideration. Resistance has also been considered as a source of information, being useful in learning how to develop a more successful change process. Undoubtedly, resistance to change is a key topic in change management and should be seriously considered to help the organization to achieve the advantages of the transformation.

Resistance to change is an ongoing problem. At both the individual and the organizational levels, resistance to change impairs concerted efforts to improve performance. Many corporate change efforts have been initiated at tremendous cost only to be halted by resistance among the organization’s employees. Organizations as a whole also manifest behavior similar to that of individuals when faced with the need to change.

The relationship between individual and organizational resistance to change is important. An organization is a complex system of relationships between people, leaders, technologies, and work processes. From this interaction emerge organizational behavior, culture, and performance.

These emergent properties and behaviors are tightly linked in two directions to the lower-level interactions. Organizational resistance to change is an emergent property, and individual resistance to change can give rise to organizational resistance. A self-reinforcing loop of increasing resistance can develop as individuals create an environment in which resistance to change is the norm. That environment in turn encourages increased resistance to change among individual employees. The self-reinforcing nature of this loop can be tremendously powerful, defeating repeated attempts to break out of it.

Resistance to change is defined as a behavior, which is intended to protect an individual from the effects of real or imagined change. Resistance to change is an inevitable response to any major change. Individuals naturally rush to defend the status quo if they feel that their security and status are threatened. Resistance to change is a key topic in change management and should be seriously considered to help the organizations to achieve the advantages of the transformation. Resistance to change is simply a very effective, very powerful and a very useful survival mechanism in organizations.

These are some of those factors that often lead employees and top management resist changing.

• Ambiguity concerning alteration: Organization members may have a psychological resistance to change because they seek to avoid uncertainty. Past ways of doing things are well known and predictable, and the unwillingness to give up familiar tasks or relationship also cause resistance.
• Apprehension for mysterious:  People become anxious when they exchange the old and familiar for something new and uncertain .A lack of information and understanding often leaves a vacuum which is filled by rumors, speculation and uncertainty.
• Disruption of Routine: Projected changes that disturb habitual routines or patterns are likely to encounter resistance because a person’s behavior is governed largely by habits and routine when a person successfully copes with a situation, he or she will usually continue to operate in a similar manner. The known is preferred and this is especially true when the established behavior has resulted in past successes.
• Loss of Existing Benefits: When the change causes employees to feel pressured, they may interpret change as a loss of individual security. There may be a emotional loss a loss of prior “comfort zone”.
• Threat to Position Power: As the title implies, any change that causes a manager to lose face will always be resisted. Changes that threaten to lower the status or prestige of the individual or group will probably meet resistance.
• Threat to Security: Change sometimes results in a potential disadvantage to an individual employee or group, and people tend to resist changes that threaten the security of their environment. There may be concerns for the vested interests such as the loss of job, reduced promotional potential, change in career opportunities, reduction in wages etc.
• Redistribution of Power: A major factor in resistance to innovation is that reorganization invariably implies a redistribution of power and influence. Individuals or groups who perceive that a change will lessen their degree of influence will strongly resist such changes.
• Disturb existing social networks: Generally technical changes are more readily accepted When do not disturb existing social networks. Friendships, social cliques, or informal teams may be threatened by changes.
• Resistance to the new Technology: They perceive that new technology will add up to more of unwanted work and will contribute to increased responsibility. They oppose the new processes because they feel that the change will not solve their problems, which they are experiencing.
• Organization’s past performance: The past performance of the change project impacts the perception of employees for the current change project, if the past change project had been introduced and was being failed. This may force them to oppose change.
• Lack of skill and experience: Managers are fearful about the skills, knowledge and responsibilities, which will be placed on them by the new business processes and technologies. They are also concerned about the experience to effectively manage their employee’s resistance. And they feel uncomfortable with their role in coping with the change.
• Disagreement with the new way: When the pace seems too excessive and fast, most people resist. And they conclude that the solution is not the best way for fixing the prevailing problems. So they disagree specifically with the change.
• Overload of tasks: At times they even put change in terms of an additional burden. They find the change initiative as an extra work and a resource strain. Along with the duty of implementing change they are also expected to perform their daily activities and avoid bringing about changes.

The resistance to change if ignored can have detrimental effects on the working of an organization .It is required to be fully reduced or eliminated on an individual levels as people can feign agreement to change and obtain control of change process. This would allow various mechanisms of sabotage to be employed from the inside the organizations such as they can mislead the organization members to completely stall or halt the change process.

Resistance to change can also set the managers against each other, as difference of opinions may exist. This will also lead to rumors and misinformation to be spread out deliberately for setting up a conflict within the organization. This can lead to strikes and no-cooperation movements within the organization which will seriously obstruct company’s plans and might prove to be the lot of production and time loss for the organization. Resistance to change can led to slowing up of processes as the people not conforming the change will deliberately delay the process by requesting further information. All such actions lead to increase in the overall costs to the organization.

Resistance to change may also put the reputation of the organization at stake as those opposing the change can go to media and give statements which may not be good for company’s image in the market.

There are some people living in a conservative world, for them change is often believed as a dangerous threat. For some of course change can be a positive thing however since most of negative cases were widely exposed more than the positive side, more people would normally be happy if changes do not take place. Change can be interpreted as promotion and demotion — which leaves many feel insecure with their future employment. They are worry about how they may have to do their work in different ways or their current “salary will be subject to change”. Admittedly, behind all the change process there are organisations needs for make more profits in any possible way which often leads to job-cutting and restructuring. In business world everything is a competition. Everyone within organisation must compete both internally and externally to keep their existing job or to get a better one.

Managers most of the time view resistance negatively and employees resisting to change are considered disobedient but often resistance may play a positive and useful role in any change process. Not all interventions are appropriate as implemented, the organization might be changing the wrong thing or doing it wrong. Just as conflict can sometimes be used constructively for change, legitimate resistance might bring about additional organizational change.

There are many idealist managers who believe that change process that occurs with only minimal resistance must have been a good change that was managed well. This understanding is an immature perspective which leaves resistance in the negative side of the change process.

All change involves loss. In many cases, change requires at the minimum that individuals give up familiar routines. In some cases, the loss is substantial, affecting position, power, networks of friends and colleagues, and such. In all these situations, rituals of transition can be crucial in assisting people to grieve and let go of the old and move on to the new.

The strategies for overcoming the barriers to change are quite diverse and touch on every aspect of the organization. No organization can begin using all the strategies at the same time or even in a short period of time. A better approach is to focus on one or two until they become part of the normal way of operating, i.e., until they become engrained in people’s habits. Only then is it time to introduce another strategy. In this way, over time, the organization gradually improves its abilities to learn rapidly, to adapt to new conditions, and to embrace change.