Вербицкая М. В. Forward. Английский язык для 10 класса. ЕГЭ
ЕГЭ Раздел 1. Аудирование
1. Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A-F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1-7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.
C-1. I like having the best of both worlds. — Мне нравится иметь лучшее из обоих миров.
E-2. Life in the countryside is good for my health. — Жизнь в сельской местности хороша для моего здоровья.
B-3. I love the countryside, because life there is very peaceful. — Я люблю деревню, потому что жизнь там очень спокойная.
F-4. The beauty of nature makes living in the country enjoyable. — Красота природы делает жизнь в сельской местности приятной.
Extra-5. I love the countryside, because life there is good for my children. — Я люблю деревню, потому что жизнь там хороша для моих детей.
A-6. I enjoyed moving to a town where life is more comfortable. – Мне нравится ездить в город, где жизнь более комфортная.
D-7. I dislike living in the country, because I need human company. — Я не люблю жить в деревне, потому что мне нужна человеческая компания.
2. Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А-G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительный, ни отрицательный ответ (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.
3-A John usually spends Christmas at his parents’ house. — Джон обычно проводит Рождество в доме своих родителей.
1-B Angela is rather pessimistic about her chances to get the job. — Анжела довольно пессимистична по поводу ее шансов получить работу.
2-C John considers Angela a workaholic. — Джон считает Анжелу трудоголиком.
2-D John is enthusiastic about Angela moving to Russia. — Джон с энтузиазмом относится к переезду Анжелы в Россию.
3-E Angela worked in an international company in Canada. — Анжела работала в международной компании в Канаде.
1-F John is more optimistic than Angela about her chances to get the job. — Джон более оптимистичен, чем Анжела о ее шансах получить работу.
3-G John is going to leave at 2 PM. — Джон собирается ехать в 2 часа дня.
Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3-9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 7, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
3. Tony Stevens 2) watches his films once. — Тони Стивенс смотрел свои фильмы один раз.
4. What is the most important thing about writing for Tony Stevens? – Какая наиболее важная вещь о писательстве для Тони Стивенса?
1) Writing is NOT a team work like acting. – Писательство НЕ является командной работой как игра актеров (актерство).
5. Tony Stevens says that if, as a child, you are fascinated by a literary character, 2) you want to become that character. — Тони Стивенс говорит, что если, будучи ребенком, вы очарованы литературным персонажем, то вы хотите стать этим персонажем.
6. Tony Stevens wished he had had on the school curriculum 1) “Pickwick Papers” by Charles Dickens. — Тони Стивенсу хотелось, чтобы в его школьной программе было произведение «Записки Пиквикского клуба» Чарльза Диккенса.
7. What advice does he give to beginning writers? — Какой совет он дает начинающим писателям?
3) Go by your experience and write clearly. – Следовать своему опыту и писать ясно.
8. What is his present attitude to critical reviews? — Каково его настоящее отношение к критическим отзывам?
3) He pays no attention to them. — Он не обращает на них никакого внимания.
9. What made his career as an actor successful? — Что сделало его карьеру как актера успешной?
2) Determination and decisiveness. – Целеустремленность и решительность.
ЕГЭ Раздел 2. Чтение
10. Установите соответствие между текстами А-G и заголовками 1-8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
F-1. Beware of rabbits — Остерегайтесь кроликов
A-2. Exotic pets — Экзотические домашние животные
B-3. Saving animals – Спасение животных
G-4. Teaching and entertaining – Обучение и развлечение
Extra-5. Protecting pets — Защита домашних животных
D-6. Tender pets — Нежные домашние животные
C-7. What’s in a name? — Что в имени?
E-8. Contribution to science — Вклад в науку
A. Little is known for certain about how guinea pigs were first introduced to Europe and North America as a domestic pet, but they most probably came during the 16th century. Holland, Portugal and Spain had colonies in South America, and the explorers brought to Europe gold and precious gems, along with other unusual and exciting finds. Colourful parrots became very popular status symbols in the homes of the wealthy, and with them came the guinea pig and other animals previously unknown in Europe.
Мало что наверняка известно о том, как морские свинки впервые были ввезены в Европу и Северную Америку в качестве домашнего питомца, но они, скорее всего, появились в 16-м веке. Голландия, Португалия и Испания были колониями в Южной Америке, и исследователи привезли в Европу золото и драгоценные камни, наряду с другими необычными и захватывающими находками. Красочные попугаи стали очень популярными символами статуса в домах богатых, а вместе с ними привезли морскую свинку и других животных, ранее неизвестных в Европе.
B. Many species of wild animals are in danger of complete extinction. This is usually due to loss of habitat as a result of human expansion, or it could be due to excessive hunting. A good, modern zoo has a valuable role to play in assisting with the protection of endangered species. This is both through education of the general public in the importance of conservation in general, and through breeding programmes to increase the population of endangered species in captivity and then reintroduce them into the wild.
Многие виды диких животных находятся под угрозой полного исчезновения. Это, как правило, из-за потери среды обитания в результате человеческой экспансии, или это может быть из-за чрезмерной охоты. Хороший, современный зоопарк играет ценную роль в оказании помощи в защите исчезающих видов. Это происходит как за счет образования широкой общественности в важности сохранения в целом, а также посредством программ разведения для увеличения популяции исчезающих видов в неволе, а затем вновь выпускать их в дикую природу.
C. The guinea pig is today one of the world’s most popular pets, ranking only a little way behind the rabbit. Though called guinea pigs, these animals are not pigs, nor do they come from Guinea. Why Guinea, then? Some say they could have originally changed hands at the cost of a guinea (twenty-one shillings — very expensive!). As for the “pig”, an explanation is much easier to guess — they run and squeal much as little piglets do!
Морская свинка сегодня является одним из самых популярных домашних животных в мире, лишь немного отстает от кролика. Хотя они и называются морскими свинками, эти животные не являются свиньями, и они не из Гвинеи. Почему тогда Гвинея? Некоторые говорят, что они первоначально были названы по стоимости «guinea» (двадцать один шиллинг — очень дорого). Что касается «свинка», объяснение гораздо проще угадать — они бегают и визжат как маленькие поросята!
D. Rabbits are among the most popular pets to keep due to their affectionate nature and love of cuddles. To show they are happy, they often grind their teeth softly when being petted, similar to cats purring. In general, rabbits are timid, non-aggressive and sociable with each other. With gentle handling they are generally quite tame. They are playful and entertaining to watch, but they need a great deal of interaction with their owners. Their cage should be relatively big, but they need some playtime outside it as well.
Кролики являются одними из самых популярных домашних животных, которых держат из-за их ласковой природы и любви объятий. Чтобы показать, что они счастливы, они часто скрипят зубами, когда их мягко поглаживаешь, похожие на кошачье мурлыканье. В общем, кролики пугливые, неагрессивные и общительные друг с другом. При бережном обращении они, как правило, совсем ручные. Они игривы и за ними интересно наблюдать, но они нуждаются во взаимодействии с их владельцами. Их клетка должна быть относительно большой, но им также нужно играть и за ее пределами.
E. For a long time guinea pigs were used as experimental animals. In 1890, the antitoxin for diphtheria was discovered using guinea pigs in the research, and as a result the lives of millions of children have been saved. In 1907 vitamin С was discovered due to guinea pigs. Like humans they cannot produce the vitamin and need it supplied in their diet. The guinea pig’s wide variety of hair types and colours has also made them a prime choice for studies of genetics and heredity. Later they were replaced by rats and mice.
Долгое время морских свинок использовали в качестве экспериментальных животных. В 1890 году антитоксин дифтерии был обнаружен с использованием морских свинок в исследованиях, и в результате жизни миллионов детей были спасены. В 1907 Витамин С был обнаружен из-за морских свинок. Как и люди, они не могут производить витамин и нужно, чтобы он присутствовал в их рационе. Широкое разнообразие морских свинок по типу шерсти и цвету также сделало их основным выбором для изучения генетики и наследственности. Позже они были заменены на крыс и мышей.
F. Security at Denver International Airport tries to protect cars from vandalism and theft, but there’s a new threat at its expansive parking lot. Ravenous rabbits. The animals are causing hundreds and sometimes thousands of dollars in damage to cars by devouring the wires under the hood. At least 100 rabbits are removed every month, but the problem persists. The airport is surrounded by prairie, and the rabbits are seeking warmth and food in the parked vehicles.
Служба безопасности в международном аэропорту Денвера пытается защитить автомобили от вандализма и кражи, но есть новая угроза на открытой стоянке. Прожорливые кролики. Животные наносят ущерб в сотни, а иногда и тысячи долларов, в виде повреждения автомобилей, пожирая провода под капотом. По крайней мере, 100 кроликов, удаляются каждый месяц, но проблема не решена. Аэропорт окружен прерией, и кролики ищут тепло и еду в припаркованных транспортных средствах.
G. Our mission at Wild Adventures Zoo is to bring family entertainment back to Las Vegas, in an educational manner. Teaching respect for animals through hands-on applications, workshops and conservation efforts, as well as helping injured and abandoned wildlife and exotic pets, is the reason Wild Adventures Zoo was created. Our focus is on educating the public through fun and exciting activities that allow them to interact with the animals.
Наша миссия в зоопарке Уайлд Эдвенчерс принести развлечение для всей семьи обратно в Лас-Вегас, в образовательной манере. Обучение уважению к животным через практическое применение, мастерские и семинары по сохранению, а также помощь раненым и брошенным диким и экзотическим животным, это и есть причины создания зоопарка Уайлд Эдвенчерс. Наше внимание сосредоточено на просвещение общественности с помощью увлекательных и интересных мероприятий, которые позволяют им взаимодействовать с животными.
11. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски А-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
Father’s Day
Father’s Day has been celebrated for over 100 years. It is also an event celebrated in many countries around the world, A 3. although at different times of the year. In North America and the United Kingdom, Father’s Day is celebrated on the third Sunday in June. Here are some tips to help you В 7. celebrate Father’s Day in a special way. Use this opportunity to get everyone in the family together for a day of fun. You don’t have to stay at home; you could go to the beach, a local park, one of dad’s favourite places!
Having a picnic during the summer months can be entertaining and a blast for the entire family. It’s a great boredom buster, but it also helps the family to get together and С 2. eat some delicious food and play fun games. It doesn’t take more than a picnic basket and a few food items. Among the healthier items good for a picnic there are apples, a watermelon, celery, and raisins, to name a few. Ask other members of the family to D5. help you choose some of their favourite food items that they’d like to have. You need to realize that it acts as glue for family bonds.
When it comes to making gifts for Father’s Day, perhaps steer clear of the E 6. traditional store-bought gifts of tie and socks. He has probably still got last year’s socks stuffed at the back of a drawer. Expensive gifts are not necessary, but the time and F 1. effort you put in to create a personalized present will be deeply appreciated.
Extra — 4. give advice on the best spot for the picnic – дать совет о лучшем месте для пикника
День отца
День отца отмечается уже более 100 лет. Кроме того, это событие отмечается во многих странах по всему миру, хотя в разное время года. В Северной Америке и Соединенном Королевстве, День отца празднуется в третье воскресенье июня. Вот несколько советов, которые помогут вам отметить День отца особым образом. Используйте эту возможность, чтобы собраться вместе всей семьей и повеселиться. Вы не должны оставаться дома; вы могли бы пойти на пляж, местный парк, в одно из самых любимых мест папы!
Устроить пикник в летние месяцы может быть интересным и является глотком свежего воздуха для всей семьи. Это отличный способ борьбы со скукой, но также помогает семье собраться вместе и поесть вкусной еды и поиграть в веселые игры. Не потребуется ничего больше, чем корзина для пикника и несколько продуктов питания. Среди здоровых продуктов хороших для пикника есть яблоки, арбуз, сельдерей, и изюм, вот всего несколько. Попросите у других членов семьи помочь вам выбрать некоторые из их любимых продуктов питания, которые они хотели бы иметь. Вы должны понимать, что оно действует как клей для семейных уз.
Когда дело доходит до дарения подарков на День отца, возможно, лучше держаться подальше от традиционных купленных в магазине подарков, таких как галстук и носки. У него, вероятно, все еще есть носки, подаренные в прошлом году в задней части ящика. Дорогие подарки не нужны, но время и усилия, которые вы приложили для создания персонального подарка, будут высоко оценены.
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12-18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Have you ever thought about cities of the future? Clean streets, flying cars and robots doing all the work? Almost half of the world’s population currently lives in cities, and by 2050 that is predicted to increase to 75%, but what kind of city will they be living in? Today, most city dwellers are dissatisfied because they have to live in overcrowded and polluted surroundings. Traffic jams are getting worse, queues longer, power cuts more common, bad air quality more threatening to human health.
There are various ideas about how a future city should look. Some of these revolve around the idea that better means greener. Experts predict carbon-neutral cities full of electric vehicles and bike-sharing schemes, with air quality so much improved that office workers can actually open their windows for the first time. Visions of a green city often include skyscrapers where living and office space comprises high-rise green-houses and vegetables growing on the roofs. Behind such greenification of cities lies a very pressing need.
Technology companies such as IBM believe that the best cities will become networks. In Rio de Janeiro, for example, IBM has already built an operations centre, which it describes as the “nerve centre” of the city. (отрывок из текста)
Вы когда-нибудь думали о городах будущего? Чистые улицы, летающие автомобили и роботы делают всю работу? Почти половина населения земного шара в настоящее время живет в городах, и по прогнозам к 2050 году увеличится до 75%, но, в каком городе они будут жить? В настоящее время большинство городских жителей недовольны, потому что они должны жить в перенаселенной и загрязненной среде. Пробки на дорогах становятся все хуже, очереди больше, отключения электроэнергии чаще, плохое качество воздуха представляет более серьезную угрозу для здоровья человека.
Есть различные идеи о том, как будущий город должен выглядеть. Некоторые из них вращаются вокруг идеи о том, что лучшее означает зеленее. Эксперты прогнозируют углерод-нейтральные города, полные электрических транспортных средств и схем движения велосипедистов, с качеством воздуха настолько улучшенным, что офисные работники могут фактически открыть свои окна в первый раз. Видения зеленого города часто включают в себя небоскребы, где жилые и офисные помещения включает в себя многоэтажные парники и теплицы, расположенные на крышах. За таким озеленением городов лежит очень острая необходимость.
Технологические компании, такие как IBM считают, что лучшие города станут электронными сообществами. В Рио-де-Жанейро, например, IBM уже построила центр управления, который она описывает как «нервный центр» города. Построенный изначально, чтобы помочь справиться с наводнениями, которые регулярно ставят под угрозу город, теперь он координирует 30 правительственных учреждений. Каждый человек с мобильным телефоном соединен с операционным центром. Оперативный центр отправляет сообщения на мобильные телефоны граждан и предоставляет информацию о потенциальных авариях, пробках и других обновлениях города.
Тот факт, что крупные корпорации стали настолько активно участвовать в проектировании городской инфраструктуры натолкнул критиков на вопрос, как быстро такой город может, как компьютерные системы, на которые они полагаются, стать устаревшими. Компьютеры и другие гаджеты обновляются все время, новые модели появляются два раза в год. Параллель также можно провести с офисными зданиями шестидесятых годов, которые могут быть описаны как места с низкими потолками стоящие грустные и пустые, так как передовые технологии посчитали их бесполезными.
Большинство проектов IBM обязуется привлекать сбор данных. Компания работает в тесном контакте с общественными группами, а также городскими советами. В штате Айова корпорация завершила проект, где домашним хозяйствам была предоставлена информация об их потреблении воды. Большинство быстро отреагировали и сэкономили воду при столкновении с данными. Интересно, что те, кто получил информацию о потреблении воды своих соседей, в два раза чаще вносили изменения.
Города имеют возможность предоставления чего-то для всех, только потому, и только тогда, когда они созданы всеми. Тем, кто строит города будущего, следует обратить внимание на эти советы.
12. Which of these problems of modern cities are NOT mentioned in paragraph 1? — Какие из этих проблем современных городов не упоминаются в пункте 1?
3) Water pollution — Загрязнение воды
13. The word “greenification” in paragraph 2 means… — Слово «озеленение» в пункте 2 означает
3) gardens on top of buildings — сады на крышах зданий
14. The pronoun “it” in sentence 3 of paragraph 3 refers to… — Местоимение «она» в предложении 3 пункта 3 относится к
1) the IBM company. — компания IBM.
15. What is the purpose of Rio de Janeiro’s operations centre? — Какова цель оперативного центра Рио-де-Жанейро?
1) To inform citizens on traffic density and emergency situations. — информировать граждан о плотности дорожного движения и чрезвычайных ситуациях.
16. Why does the author draw a parallel between the offices of the 60s and the cities of tomorrow? — Почему автор проводит параллель между офисами 60-х и городами завтрашнего дня?
2) To demonstrate the speed of progress. — Для того, чтобы продемонстрировать скорость прогресса.
17. How can access to information influence the behaviour of citizens? — Каким образом может доступ к информации влиять на поведение граждан?
3) They change their habits. — Они меняют свои привычки.
18. Choose the best title for the text. — Выберите лучший заголовок для текста.
2) A City of the Future — Город будущего
ЕГЭ Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика
Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19-25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содер¬жанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый про¬пуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19-25.
Around the world: the Seychelles
Welcome to the Seychelles! This is an archipelago of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean. It’s not difficult to find a good tourist spot in the Seychelles. It’s difficult to say which of them is the 19) best.
As the Seychelles islands have a year-long warm, tropical climate, it’s always a good time to visit, although different times of year may be better suited to your particular interests. People interested in 20) diving can make a visit to Denis Island.
Families with 21) children should visit St Anne National Marine Park and the famous beaches.
По всему миру: Сейшельские острова
Добро пожаловать на Сейшелы! Это архипелаг из 115 островов в Индийском океане. Не трудно найти хорошее туристическое место в Сейшельских островах. Трудно сказать, какое из них является лучшим.
Поскольку Сейшельские острова имеют круглый год теплый, тропический климат, то это всегда хорошее время для посещения, хотя разные времена года могут лучше всего подходить для ваших конкретных интересов. Люди, заинтересованные дайвингом могут посетить Денис Айлэнд.
Семьи с детьми должны посетить Национальный морской парк Санкт-Энн и знаменитые пляжи.
Happy New Year
It was an exam before Christmas. One of the students 22) didn’t know how to answer the question.
He was trying hard, but couldn’t remember a single word from the textbook. So he 23) wrote, “God knows! I don’t. Merry Christmas!”
Some time 24) later, just before the New Year, the examination papers came back.
The student saw that the professor 25) had written on his paper, “God gets 100, you get 0. Happy New Year!”
С новым годом
Это был экзамен перед Рождеством. Один из студентов не знал, как ответить на вопрос.
Он изо всех сил старался, но не мог вспомнить ни одного слова из учебника. Таким образом, он написал: «Бог знает! Я нет. Счастливого Рождества!»
Через некоторое время, незадолго до Нового года, пришли экзаменационные работы.
Студент увидел, что профессор написал на его работе, «Бог получает 100, вы получаете 0. С Новым годом!»
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26-31, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26-31.
The history of radio
Radio started with the discovery of “radio waves”. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves that can transmit music, speech, pictures and other data 26) invisibly through the air.
Many devices work by using electromagnetic waves, including radio, microwaves, cordless phones, remote controlled toys, television broadcasts, and more.
During the 1860s, Scottish physicist, J.C. Maxwell predicted the 27) existence of radio waves.
In 1886, German 28) scientist, H.R. Hertz demonstrated that rapid variations of electric current could be projected into space in the form of radio waves.
G. Marconi, an Italian 29) inventor, sent and received his first radio signal in Italy in 1895.
By 1899 he flashed the first 30) wireless signal across the English Channel and two years later received the letter “S”, telegraphed from England to Newfoundland.
This was the first 31) successful transatlantic radiotelegraph message.
История радио
Радио началось с открытия «радиоволн». Радиоволны представляют собой электромагнитные волны, которые могут передавать музыку, речь, изображения и другие данные незримо через воздух.
Многие устройства работают с помощью электромагнитных волн, в том числе радио, микроволновые печи, беспроводные телефоны, игрушки с дистанционным управлением, телевизионные передачи и многое другое.
В течение 1860-х годов, шотландский физик, Дж. К. Максвелл предсказал существование радиоволн.
В 1886 году, немецкий ученый, Г. Р. Герц показал, что быстрые изменения электрического тока могут быть спроецированы в космическое пространство в виде радиоволн.
Г. Маркони, итальянский изобретатель, послал и получил свой первый радиосигнал в Италии в 1895 году.
К 1899 году он отправил первый беспроводной сигнал через Ла-Манш и два года спустя получил букву «S», телеграфированную из Англии в Ньюфаундленд.
Это было первое успешное трансатлантическое радиотелеграфное сообщение.
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32-38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа.
Tests and test-takers
You don’t have to be a psychologist to guess how students are feeling during a test or an exam. Just by observing their body language you can tell whether they will pass or 32) fail.
Just before the test starts, they will often 33) tell silly things and try nervously to hide their nervousness. A little tension or stress before and during a test is normal. When the examinees get their papers, some of them will 34) smile to themselves — a sure sign they know the answers. 35) However, if they feel the exam is hard, you may hear how disappointed they are or see how annoyed they are when they frown. Some will try to glance quickly at their neighbours’ tests, and some will yawn to pretend that they are bored or tired, while, in fact, they are just waiting for the teacher to turn 36) away so that one of their mates can quietly 37) whisper the answers to them. When they finish, some will immediately dash out as if they were desperate to check their answers in their course book, while others will 38) stroll out slowly, relaxed and sure they have passed.
Тесты и тестируемые
Вам не нужно быть психологом, чтобы догадаться, как студенты чувствуют себя во время теста или экзамена. Просто наблюдая за языком их тела, вы можете сказать, сдадут они, или по терпят неудачу.
Как раз перед началом теста, они часто говорят глупые вещи и пытаются нервно скрыть свою нервозность. Небольшое напряжение или стресс до и во время теста нормально. Когда испытуемые получают свои задания, некоторые из них будут улыбаться себе — верный признак того, что они знают ответы. Тем не менее, если они чувствуют, что экзамен трудный, вы можете услышать, как они разочарованы или увидеть, как они раздражены, когда они хмурятся. Некоторые из них будут пытаться заглянуть быстро в тест своих соседей, а некоторые будут зевать, делая вид, что им скучно или они устали, в то время как, на самом деле, они просто ждут, когда учитель отвернется, чтобы один из их товарищей смог спокойно прошептать им ответы. Когда они заканчивают, некоторые из них немедленно выскакивают, словно они спешат проверить свои ответы в учебнике, в то время как другие выходят неторопливо, спокойные и уверенные, что они сдали.
ЕГЭ Раздел 4. Письмо
Для ответов на задания 39 и 40 используйте бланк ответов № 2. Черновые пометки могут делаться прямо на листе с заданиями, или можно использовать отдельный черновик. При выполнении заданий 39 и 40 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в бланке ответов № 2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются. Запишите сначала номер задания (39, 40), а затем ответ на него. Если одной стороны бланка недостаточно, Вы можете использовать другую его сторону.
39. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Tom who writes — Вы получили письмо от англоговорящего друга по переписке Тома, который пишет:
…This summer we are again going to Brighton. I wish I could go abroad to France or Spain — I have never been abroad. How do you usually spend your summer holidays? If you won a trip abroad, what country would you like to visit and what would you like to see there? How would you like to get there?
By the way, my sister is getting married in the autumn…
Write a letter to Tom.
In your letter
— answer his questions
— ask 3 questions about his sister
Write 100-140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Этим летом мы снова собираемся в Брайтон. Я хотел бы поехать за границу во Францию или Испанию — я никогда не был за границей. Как ты обычно проводишь свой летний отпуск? Если бы ты выиграл поездку за границу, какую страну ты хотел бы посетить и что ты хотел бы увидеть там? Как бы ты хотел туда попасть?
Кстати, моя сестра выходит замуж осенью …
Напишите письмо Тому.
В своем письме
— ответьте на его вопросы
— задайте 3 вопроса о его сестре
Напишите 100-140 слов.
Помните правила письма.
40. Comment on the following statement. – Прокомментируйте следующее утверждение.
There are no bad students — there are bad teachers. — Нет плохих учеников — есть плохие учителя.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement? — Каково ваше мнение? Согласны ли вы с этим утверждением?
Write 200-250 words. — Напишите 200-250 слов.
Use the following plan — Используйте следующий план:
— make an introduction (state the problem) — введение (постановка задачи)
— express your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion — выскажите свое личное мнение и дайте 2-3 причины за ваше мнение
— express an opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasons for this opposing opinion – выразите противоположное мнение и дайте 1-2 причины для этого мнения
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion — Объясните, почему вы не согласны с противоположным мнением
— make a conclusion restating your position – сделайте вывод подтверждающий вашу позицию
Установите соответствие тем 1 — 8 текстам A — G. Занесите свои ответы в соответствующее поле справа. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.
1. Women doing men’s jobs
2. Holidays — the best time to visit
3. Ideal to grow a man
4. A costume for a mythic sea creature
5. The best profession for a lady
6. A festival to a season
7. Words for all times
8. Best clothes for burial
A. Mary is a professional dress-maker specializing in exotic costumes. She devotes many hours to crafting mermaid tails and hand-made tops. Her professional mermaid costume includes a tail and a top. A tail is made of the finest silicone that bends naturally with movement and looks beautifully on film and in print. Out of the depths of the water her costume shines with hundreds ot pearls, crystals, and gemstones.
B. Today’s well-educated person uses about 18,000 words. Shakespeare, whose plays written for a small theatre are now performed in more countries than ever before, used over 34,000 different words, thousands of which he made up. For example: accessible, roadway, schoolboy, and watchdog. Many of his phrases have fallen into everyday use in our language today, including, “A horse, a horse! My kingdom for a horse!’’ by Richard III.
C. The Celtic division of the year was into two parts. The winter half was considered the beginning of the year, and the summer half the second part. There were two further subdivisions. so the year was finally divided into the standard four seasons. At each of these four stages, a Fire Festival was celebrated. It involved religious ceremonies, music, storytelling, and poetry. These great festivals were regarded to be the best time.
D. As symbols of respect and courage, knights turned out to be an intriguing mix of all the things that made males the best, as their education included the most effective sorts of exercises for the brain and the human body. Knight tournaments were a good way for the knights to try out the actual travails of fighting and never having to go through the pain and troubles of having to look after themselves, and of their kingdoms.
E. Were there any women pirates in Renaissance England? They were in the minority, but they were never the less there and very able. Lady Mary was a daughter of a pirate and married to a pirate. When her husband died, she recruited her castle staff and went to sea herself. Her luck ran out when she captured a German captain, who was a friend of Queen Elizabeth. So Lady Mary quit piracy … and started selling stolen goods.
F. Russia is an amazing holiday destination. It should be visited during the festival season, as it reveals the rich cultural tradition and fascinating customs of its people. While the festivals come from the Christian legacy Russia shares with Europe and America, the manner of celebration is unique. Enthusiastic travelers suggest planning a Russian holiday during the festival time and to be sure that the memories will last a lifetime!
G. Normally very fine textiles are found in graves. Obviously, the quality of clothing worn in the Middle Ages would reduce with lower ranks, but even the slaves did not wear cloth as rough as people thought in the past and some still do today. Slaves would probably wear their master’s clothes, which may have been very thin in places and not decorated. They would usually receive the underclothes to be worn as overclothes.
Раздел 1. АУДИРОВАНИЕ
Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A—F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1—7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. (курсивом отмечено то, как будет написано в оригинале, здесь же вы сами должны послушать два раза, если послушаете больше, то можете считать ваш результат неправильным. Ответы вводить нужно в формы ввода — места на странице, в которых можно печатать.)
2
Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А—G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.
A Ricky’s songs are about the lives of famous people.
B The message in Ricky’s songs is difficult to understand.
C Ricky’s popularity is on the increase.
D Money is unimportant to Ricky.
E Ricky has followed the advice of some of his fans.
F Ricky thinks his fans are disappointed when they meet him.
G Ricky is anxious about his new album.
Утверждение
Соответствие диалогу
Вы услышите выступление специалиста по проблемам ядерной энергии. В заданиях 3—9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
3
According to the narrator, nuclear power
1) is a solution to climate change.
2) is protected against climate change.
3) can be susceptible to climate change.
Ответ: .
4
Nuclear power plants are usually located
1) in the mountains.
2) near rivers, seas or oceans.
3) in the deserts.
Ответ: .
5
Nuclear power plants face the greatest danger from
1) hurricanes.
2) rising water temperatures.
3) flooding.
Ответ: .
6
During hurricanes,
1) preventive measures are always taken.
2) all doors in a nuclear plant should be left open.
3) safety equipment must be protected from flying debris.
Ответ: .
7
In the future, floods are going to become
1) quite rare.
2) rather infrequent.
3) more common.
Ответ: .
8
During the 2003 heat wave, the French government relaxed the environmental regulations
1) to keep up the supply of energy.
2) to increase the amount of electricity.
3) to reduce their power output.
Ответ: .
9
New nuclear reactors are likely
1) to be less vulnerable to climate change.
2) to be too expensive.
3) to have higher water requirements.
Ответ: .
Раздел 2. ЧТЕНИЕ
10
Установите соответствие между заголовками 1—8 и текстами A—G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. Necessary Components
2. Important Conclusion
3. Useful Advice
4. Significant Difference
5. Health Risks
6. Moderation Is the Key!
7. Diet and Exercise
8. Benefits of Good Nutrition
A. Developing healthy eating habits is simpler and easier than you might think. You will look and feel better if you make a habit of eating healthfully. You will have more energy and your immune system will be stronger. When you eat a diet rich in fruits and vegetables you are lowering your risk of heart disease, cancers and many other serious health ailments. Healthy eating habits are your ticket to a healthier body and mind.
B. A four-week clinical trial that tested the new regimen found that overweight adults who consumed a high-protein, entirely vegan diet were able to lose about the same amount of weight as a comparison group of dieters on a high-carbohydrate, low-fat vegetarian dairy diet. But while those on the high-carbohydrate dairy diet experienced drops of 12 percent in their cholesterol, those on the high-protein vegan diet saw cholesterol reductions of 20 percent.
C. ‘The idea preyed on me for a long time. If the Atkins Diet looks good, and it’s got so much saturated fat and cholesterol in it, suppose we took that out and put vegetarian protein sources in, which may lower cholesterol,’ Dr. Jenkins said. ‘We know that nuts lower cholesterol and prevent heart disease, and soy is eaten in the Far East, where they don’t get much heart disease. So we put these foods together as protein and fat sources.’
D. The first official warning about the dangers of the Atkins diet was issued by the government amid concern about the rising number of people opting for the high-fat, high-protein diet. Cutting out starchy foods can be bad for your health because you could be missing out on a range of nutrients. Low-carbohydrate diets tend to be high in fat, and this could increase your chances of developing coronary heart disease.
E. Earlier this year, a large study that compared different kinds of diets — including low-fat and low-carbohydrate plans — found that the method didn’t matter as long as people cut calories. That study also found that after two years, most people had regained at least some of the weight they had lost. Dr. Tuttle said that while different weight loss plans offer people different ‘tricks’ and strategies, ultimately, ‘It really comes down to calories in and calories out.’
F. When you think about nutrition, be aware of serving sizes. Many people will eat everything on their plate, regardless of how hungry they actually are. If you know you tend to clean your plate, make an effort to reduce your serving size. If you’re eating out or dining at a friend’s house, don’t be shy about asking for smaller portion sizes. Too much of any one food is a bad thing. There are no bad foods, just bad eating habits.
G. Your body has to stay well hydrated to perform at its best and to properly process all the nutrients in the food you eat. Drink at least 8 glasses of water a day. You may need even more water if you are in a hot environment or if you are exercising. If you are trying to lose weight, add plenty of ice to each glass of water. Your body will burn energy to warm the water up to body temperature.
11
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A—F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу. (в поля ввода под текстом)
Stonehenge is probably the most important prehistoric monument in Britain. The Stonehenge that we see today is the final stage A ____________. But first let us look back 5,000 years.
The first Stonehenge was a large earthwork or Henge, comprising a ditch, bank, and the Aubrey holes, all probably built around 3100 BC. The Aubrey holes are round pits in the chalk, about one metre wide and deep, B ____________. Excavations have revealed cremated human bones in some of the chalk filling, but the holes themselves were probably made not for the purpose of graves but as part of the religious ceremony. Shortly after this stage Stonehenge was abandoned, left untouched for over 1000 years.
The second and most dramatic stage of Stonehenge started around 2150 BC. Some 82 bluestones from south-west Wales were transported to the site. It is thought that these stones, some weighing 4 tonnes each, were dragged on rollers and sledges to the headwaters and then loaded onto rafts. This astonishing journey covered nearly 240 miles. Once at the site, these stones were set up in the centre C ____________.
The third stage of Stonehenge, about 2000 BC, saw the arrival of the Sarsen stones. The largest of the Sarsen stones weigh 50 tonnes and transportation by water would have been impossible D ____________. These stones were arranged in an outer circle with a continuous run of lintels. Inside the circle, five trilithons were placed in a horseshoe arrangement, E ____________.
The final stage took place soon after 1500 BC F ____________. The original number of stones in the bluestone circle was probably around sixty. They have long since been removed or broken up. Some remain only as stumps below ground level.
- when the bluestones were rearranged in the horseshoe and circle that we see today
- to form an incomplete double circle
- which form a circle about 284 feet in diameter
- which were almost certainly brought from the Marlborough Downs
- so the stones could only have been moved using sledges and ropes
- whose remains we can still see today
- that was completed about 3,500 years ago
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
My room faces the sun in the morning and on clear summer mornings it wakes me bright and fresh, no matter what time I stayed up till. I get up and make breakfast, watch TV, have a shower. If it’s before six in the morning, I usually have a cup of tea and go back to bed where I’ll doze until seven. If I stay at my sister’s, I sleep until the kids wake me or until she comes rolling in, poured from the back of some taxi, whichever is earlier. I’m an early riser, and a dead sleeper.
This morning I wake up with a twitch, like the alarm clock in my head has given me a little electric jolt. It isn’t sunny outside. I pull back the curtains and the sky is dark grey, the same colour as the sea and it looks like the sun won’t appear before tomorrow. Today is Dad’s birthday. Every year on my Dad’s birthday I draw a picture of him and each year he looks a bit different. I’m an artist. There, I said it. It’s not that I draw a straighter line or a truer circle, as they try to teach us to do at school. I just get the message across more clearly than other people. More truthfully. I know it.
I read a lot of books too, mainly about artists, and I go through phases when I like a certain artist or a movement. And I try to paint like them. When my dad comes back, I’ll be able to say ‘this is you when I was twelve and I was in love with Monet’ or ‘this is you on your thirty-eighth birthday, when I was fourteen and I wanted to paint like Dante Gabriel Rossetti.’ And he’ll look at each painting and know that I loved him and never forgot him.
At the moment I’m into lines, simple lines. It’s a development of a six month obsession I had with calligraphy, which came out of a phase I had with cartoons, which came from Liechtenstein and Warhol, and so on all the way back. So I get out my charcoals, and a couple of sticks of chalk and I pin a heavy sheet of grey A3 paper onto a board and rest it on my knee as I sit on the bed.
On Saturday mornings when my Mum worked, he’d take me to town and I’d drag him around the art shops. On my eighth birthday he bought me an easel, a real one, not a kiddie’s. On my ninth birthday he bought me oils. On my sixth birthday he bought me a box of 99 crayons. ‘Draw me,’ he’d say. ‘Oh, Dad, I can’t.’ Some mornings I’d wake up and there’d be a book on my pillow about Picasso, or Chagall.
I should go to school, I really should. I’m not one of those kids who are scared to go. I don’t get bullied and I’m not thick. I just can’t find a good reason to waste my day in a classroom studying physics or citizenship or Buddhism. I could learn them in the library. Phil, the head of year eleven, will bollock me for it tomorrow, if I go in. I’ll tell Phil the truth, it was my Dad’s birthday and I spent it with him.
So I spend some time thinking about his hair, which I think is probably no more grey than it was last year. I know hair doesn’t age at the same speed every year, but I make his hair longer this year. And in my mind’s eye I give him an extra few pounds too. But I keep the smile fixed in my head, maybe a little muted, like it is when he’s happy but distracted, or trying to understand me when I’m babbling to him.
It’s head and shoulders, so I’ll put him in a T-shirt that shows his neck and throat and how strong he is and how his eyes sparkle and how his eyebrows are dead level straight and still black. I try to think of how much I want to show and how much I want to tell. Then I pick up a charcoal stick and do it. I pick up a chalk to add a suggestion of colour to his eyes, then another chalk for his mouth. And there he is. Dad.
(Adapted from ‘It’s Just the Sun Rising’ by James Ross)
12
That morning the narrator was woken up by
1) the kids.
2) his sister.
3) nobody.
4) an alarm clock.
Ответ: .
13
The narrator considers himself to be an artist because
1) he can draw a straighter line and a truer circle.
2) he gets lots of messages from other people.
3) he can speak to people more truthfully.
4) he is able to convey his ideas better than other people.
Ответ: .
14
The narrator’s manner of painting
1) is similar to Monet’s.
2) is like Dante Gabriel Rossetti’s.
3) comes from Liechtenstein and Warhol.
4) is constantly changing.
Ответ: .
15
The narrator was encouraged to paint by
1) his mother.
2) his father.
3) his brother.
4) his friend Phil.
Ответ: .
16
The narrator doesn’t want to go to school because
1) he prefers to study on his own.
2) he doesn’t like some subjects.
3) he is bullied at school.
4) he is scared to go there.
Ответ: .
17
In paragraph 6 ‘I’m not thick’ means that the narrator is
1) healthy.
2) clever.
3) strong.
4) hard-working.
Ответ: .
18
Compared to the previous year, the narrator’s father
1) has much greyer hair.
2) has a happier smile.
3) is a bit fatter.
4) is much stronger.
Ответ: .
Раздел 3. ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19—25.
Обратите внимание, что по правилам ЕГЭ ответы нужно писать без пробелов и других знаков, например, правильный ответ ‘have done’ нужно будет записать как ‘havedone’, иначе ваш ответ не засчитается.
What Can Computers Do?
19
Computers and microchips part of our everyday lives.
BECOME
20
We read magazines which on computers, we buy things with the help of computers, we pay bills prepared by computers.
PRODUCE
21
Just а phone call involves the use of а sophisticated computer system.
MAKE
22
In the past, life without computers was much than it is today.
DIFFICULT
23
The first computers were able to multiply long numbers, but they do anything else.
NOT CAN
24
Nobody stories about robots and space travel, but now computers are able to do almost all difficult jobs.
BELIEVE
25
What makes your computer such а miraculous device? It is а personal
communicator that you to interact with other computers and with people around the world. And you can even use your PC to relax with computer games.
ENABLE
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26—31, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26—31.
A Challenge for Europe
26
Recently there has been a small in the number of people out of work in Europe.
REDUCE
27
However, is still the number one social problem facing the 15 member states of the European Union.
EMPLOY
28
Moreover, of opportunity between men and women is still an issue that politicians in many countries have not come to grips with.
EQUAL
29
In professions such as law and engineering women are still by their absence.
NOTICE
30
still discriminate against women in a number of ways even if their qualifications are the same as those of men.
EMPLOY
31
It would be a pity if the of the EU on an economic level were marred by failure in the vital area of social policy.
ACHIEVE
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32—38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32—38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Charity
A lot of people in our world have little or no money at all. Many of them are homeless and can’t enjoy what most of us take for 32____. They need our help and there are a lot of charity organizations to help poor people. Because of charities many homeless people have shelters, hungry children have been fed, a lot of diseases have already been 33____ and many animals are safe.
Around the world there are a lot of children who suffer from different diseases, running 34____ time and hope. The biggest charity project in Russia is ‘Contribution to the Future’ whose goal is to help any child in need. Its programmes help poor, homeless and disabled children.
There are a lot of people in the world who have chosen charity as their main mission in life. One of the most famous missionaries was Mother Teresa. She lived the hard life of the poor alongside them; she knew how it felt sleeping on hard floors and living on dirty streets. And because she was experiencing 35____ what the people she was helping were going through, she so effectively knew how to give. Besides meeting people’s basic physical needs by giving them food and medicine, she met people’s emotional needs as well.
A lot of rich people also feel the necessity to help the poor. For example, Bill Gates is a famous billionaire, but he is also a noted philanthropist who donated the proceeds of his successful books to 36____ educational organizations. He has also given millions to initiatives in global health and learning, hoping to 37____ more and more people to have access to 38____ facilities in these areas. A good example is the opening of ‘The School of the Future’ in Philadelphia, sponsored by his company ‘Microsoft’.
The spirit of philanthropy is not about what or how much you give but rather about the feeling that you are helping others in need.
32
1) common
2) granted
3) usual
4) life
Ответ: .
33
1) recovered
2) healed
3) cared
4) cured
Ответ: .
34
1) with
2) out
3) of
4) out of
Ответ: .
35
1) first-hand
2) first-rate
3) first-time
4) first-ever
Ответ: .
36
1) unprofit
2) unprofitable
3) non-profit
4) non-profitable
Ответ: .
37
1) unable
2) enable
3) let
4) make
Ответ: .
38
1) visible
2) vigorous
3) vivid
4) vital
Ответ: .
Ваш результат: пока 0.
Далее вы можете набрать еще 40 баллов. Автоматически это проверить нельзя, поэтому сделайте реалистичный прогноз о том, сколько бы вы смогли набрать баллов, и получите ваш итоговый результат ЕГЭ.
Если возник вопрос по ответу, в котором вы ошиблись, можете задать его в комментариях.
Раздел 4. ПИСЬМО
Для ответов на задания 39 и 40 используйте бланк ответов № 2. Черновые пометки можно делать прямо на листе с заданиями, или можно использовать отдельный черновик. При выполнении заданий 39 и 40 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ № 2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются. Запишите сначала номер задания (39, 40), а затем ответ на него. Если одной стороны бланка недостаточно, Вы можете использовать другую его сторону.
…and then there’s a rugby match on Saturday. If our team wins, we’ll be the champions of our school. Who knows?
And another thing. I have to do a project on technology for school. Could you tell me a few things about how you use technology in your life? You know, computers, mobiles, TV, that sort of things. And what about your relatives? How do they use technology in their everyday lives?
Anyway, I met Mark the other day and he said that…
Write back to Rob.
In your letter
— answer his questions
— ask 3 questions about rugby
Write 100 — 140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
За это задание вы можете получить 6 баллов максимум.
Comment on the following statement.
What is your opinion? Are computers going to replace printed books in the future?
Write 200 — 250 words.
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
За это задание вы можете получить 14 баллов максимум.
Раздел 5. ГОВОРЕНИЕ
— За 1,5 минуты нужно подготовиться и в следующие 1,5 минуты выразительно прочитать текст вслух — 1 балл.
— Составление 5 вопросов на основе ключевых слов. На подготовку отводится 1,5 минуты, затем каждый вопрос надо сформулировать в течение 20 секунд — 5 баллов.
— 3 фотографии. Нужно выбрать 1 и описать ее по предложенному тут же в задании плану за 3,5 минуты — 7 баллов.
— 2 картинки. Нужно сравнить их, описать сходства и различия, объяснить, почему выбранная тематика близка выпускнику, за 3,5 минуты — 7 баллов.
The job of a butler
The job of a 21st century butler was underappreciated in society, but in carrying out the role Mr Wainwright found a type of magnificence which contradicted that lack of respect. His ability to be a silent yet highly perceptive presence amongst the upper classes, whilst performing his duties immaculately, was his proof.
He understood why he might be looked down upon by others; servitude wasn’t equated with prestige, unlike other jobs such as surgeon or architect. And society’s general disdain for the very privileged meant those who served them were like slaves to the enemy. He could leave his job at any time, however, and his salary rivalled his prestigious counterparts in the outside world’.
What he wasn’t allowed to do was be less than perfect. A butler was the boss of all the other service staff and he hadn’t arrived at the position overnight. The others around him – the valet, the footman, the hall boy – could make small mistakes and seemingly get away with it, that is until the earl took notice and had a word with Mr Wainwright, which he would pass on to them. The admonishment was more like a slap on the wrist, thanks to his kindly nature, however.
The butler had to know what was going to happen before it happened. Anticipation was the top job skill – not something you’re taught at school. It was a life lesson, one most people rarely learn. Even at butler training, this skill would be one you would just have to ‘pick up’. They’d tell you that you need to do this, but it was up to the individual to work out how they’d achieve it. Sacrificing your own needs to attend to the needs of others was a large part of it.
Besides being well paid for his service, there were certain other rewards for being a butler. The workspace was an elegant turn-of-the-century mansion, which Mr Wainwright admired deeply but had grown so accustomed to he took for granted, aside from its upkeep. The endless array of dignitaries that passed through the halls meant experiencing – if only from the sidelines – a slice of society most people would never come across. The butler’s living quarters were well furnished, if meagre in space. But the butler – in fact, all the staff – dined much like the nobility. They partook of the same fine meals that went upstairs, even if they consumed them downstairs. That was what Mr Wainwright savoured the most.
Every bit as delicate as the household procedures was Mr Wainwright’s relationship with the earl. Their exchanges were often friendly, but it was understood that they were not ‘friends’, nor could Mr Wainwright ever wish for that. The lady of the house was technically the person he reported to. Lady Channing was the one who’d elevated him to his exalted position, and who would defend him against any of the earl’s misgivings about his service, of which there were few.
Mr Wainwright had settled on a life of service, disregarding other opportunities, not only because of his rare ability to serve others while remaining largely unseen, but also because of his deep-seated need to be needed himself. Praise, however, was rare in Channing Manor – the perfunctory ‘Thank you, Wainwright’ was as commonplace as afternoon tea. The very promotion from footman to butler had only included the words ‘I’d like you to be our butler’ followed by ‘This is what you will do’. It was years later, when Lady Channing, in a moment of humility, said, ‘I don’t know what I would do without you,’ that Mr Wainwright was reminded of his wise choice.
1. What does Mr Wainwright consider to be magnificent?
1) His position.
2) His duties.
3) People’s opinions.
4) His abilities.
2. In what way is Mr Wainwright’s job like a surgeon’s?
1) It is well paid.
2) People appreciate both jobs.
3) The duties are similar.
4) People look down on both jobs.
3. The phrase ‘slap on the wrist’ in the third paragraph means …
1) a severe punishment.
2) a light warning.
3) tapping someone’s hand with wood.
4) light praise.
4. How does a butler learn how to foresee his boss’s needs?
1) Through training.
2) From higher staff.
3) From the boss himself.
4) Through personal devotion.
5. ‘That’ in ‘That was what Mr Wainwright savoured the most’ in the fifth paragraph refers to …
1) the surroundings he dined in.
2) the food he dined on.
3) the people he dined with.
4) the manner in which he dined.
6. What is true about Mr Wainwright’s relationships with the Channings?
1) The earl defended him from Lady Channing.
2) Lady Channing deeply respected him.
3) He wished he was closer to the earl.
4) He and the earl often had problems.
7. Mr Wainwright was satisfied with being a butler because …
1) the lady had said many kind things to him over the years.
2) he enjoyed serving others without wanting anything in return.
3) a few small things were said to him on a daily basis.
4) he realised he was a valued and necessary part of something.
B4
Computers and microchips have become part of our everyday lives.
(present perfect, т.к. стали в прошлом и являются частью нашей жизни до сих пор.)
BECOME
B5
We read magazines which have been produced on computer, we buy things with the help of computer; we pay bills prepared by computers.
(present perfect passive,т.к. действие не заканчивается. Хотя можно использовать present simple passive, читаем журналы, которые (вообще) производятся …)
PRODUCE
B6
Just dialing a phone number involves the use of a sophisticated computer system.
(Participle I “набирая”, подходит по смысловому контексту)
DIAL
B7
In the past, life without computers was much more difficult than it is today.
(степень сравнения)
DIFFICULT
B8
The first computers were able to multiply long numbers, but they could not do anything else.
(could – прошедшее время от can)
NOT CAN
B9
Nobody believed stories about robots and space travel, but now computers are able to do almost all difficult jobs.
(past simple, никто (тогда) не верил)
BELIEVE
B10
What makes your computer such a miraculous device? It is a personal communicator that enables you to interact with other computers and with people around the world. And you can even use your PC to relax with computer games.
(3е лицо, добавляем “s»)
ENABLE
- Подробности
-
12018
Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами В12-В17 соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения. TEST 05 (part 2) |
B12 |
The weather affects many aspects of our lives and ……………… are constantly looking for ways to produce accurate forecasts. |
RESEARCH |
B13 |
Our ……………… to predict the weather depends on the information |
ABLE |
B14 |
we have. Special ……………… is used to collect weather data, including amount of rainfall, temperature and wind speed and direction from all |
EQUIP |
B15 |
over the world. Computers make a ……………… between these |
COMPARE |
B16 |
present-day figures and ……………… records, then try to predict the future on the basis of the past. Large computers also help to produce a |
HISTORY |
B17 |
……………… picture of the likely weather using a model of the Earth in their memories. |
DETAIL |
B18 |
Even with these aids, nature is so ……………… that our forecast are accurate for only a few days. |
PREDICT |
Английский язык (Вариант 6)
- 1
- 2
- 3
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните поля ответа полученными словами в соответствующем порядке.
26.NATURAL
Robots of the future
Robotic engineers are designing the next generation of robots to look, feel and act more human, to make it easier for us to warm up to a cold machine.
Realistic looking hair and skin with embedded sensors will allow robots to react __________ in their environment.
27.NOTICED
For example, a robot that senses your touch on the shoulder turns to greet you.
Subtle actions by robots that go _______ between people, help bring them to life and can also relay non verbal communication.
28.MOVE
Artificial eyes can move and blink. Slight chest ________ simulate breathing.
29.FACE
Man-made muscles are able to change _______ expressions.
30.ACCEPT
These are all must have attributes for the socially _________ robots of the future.
31.USE
It may be less pleasant to work in the company of robots but definitely one of the main reasons is the high efficiency of the process of work as not much time will be spent on _______ talks.
Заметили ошибку в тексте?
Выделите её и нажмите Ctrl + Enter
Our society is undergoing numerous technological changes. In just a couple of decades, it will be quite different from what it is today. One significant factor that impacts and transforms various aspects of everyday life is the rapid expansion of the artificial intelligence and robotics industry.
Scientists, industry experts and ordinary people all express various viewpoints about the potential outcomes of the active AI and robotics development. And if some believe that smart technologies have inexhaustible power and vast benefits, others are scared of the possible “rise of the machines” and the destruction of the human race.
IoT devices and Embedded systems. Consulting, Developmet and Testing – start your product development journey with us today
Contact us
Let’s take a look at the influence of robotics and artificial intelligence on our lives from various perspectives.
1. AI and Robotics Impact on the Workplace
Robots can work day and night. They don’t need breaks, vacations, or medical insurance. They don’t have conflicts with their bosses or colleagues and take no personal time to deal with their problems.
Employers would be happy to have a staff consisting solely of smart machines, while employees have many fears regarding the robotics-based workforce and its impact on employment.
As with any revolutionary technology, there are two sides to the coin in implementing the robotics-integrated workforce.
Negative Impact: Many Jobs Will Be Eliminated
The main fear of employees is the elimination of numerous jobs and, consequently, unemployment. And this fear is not without reason. Business owners and manufacturers benefit from the implementation of machine learning algorithms and various kinds of robots primarily for the sake of increased productivity. That’s why they are eager to introduce new technologies, often to the detriment of employees.
A McKinsey Global Institute study found that by 2030, between 400 million and 800 million employees around the world could be displaced by automation.
Such a seismic shift can be compared to the Industrial Revolution when society shifted from agriculture to manufacturing.
It’s developed countries, which have the finances and the necessary infrastructure for digital transformation, that will see a significant impact of automation on their labor market. Developing economies with less money to invest in robotization will not be affected as much.
Kinds of jobs most likely to go to AI robots
Robots can effectively perform jobs that require repetitive tasks, such as working on the assembly line, software testing, creating financial reports and compiling other documents based on data. Moreover, they easily replace humans in performing hard manual tasks or working in hazardous conditions, such as in the chemical industry or mining.
AI systems can supplement employees such as accountants, financial experts, or doctors in performing cognitive tasks. Thus, in medicine and healthcare, artificial intelligence can greatly assist in branches such as diagnostics, drug formulation, or clinical trials. Nevertheless, medical workers will mostly keep their jobs, taking into account ethics issues and communicative skills that the machines lack.
The jobs where robots will have the least impact have to do with people management, social interactions and creativity, such as education or natural science. As a rule, these jobs are difficult to automate, but even if it were possible, it would be costly to implement, which is not attractive from the business point of view. These also include specialized jobs in unpredictable conditions, e.g. plumbers and electricians.
Positive Impact: New Kinds of Jobs Will Appear
Artificial intelligence and robotics, like other new technologies, are not totally destructive for employment.
The main goal of emerging technologies is not to replace humans in their jobs, but to make all processes safer and more efficient. It’s not a confrontation, but rather a beneficial collaboration between automated robotics and humans.
Employment in the automated industries may not decline but rather increase, as new types of jobs will appear and new skills will be required. It’s true because machines can’t work by themselves. Humans are needed to develop software for machines, maintain and fix equipment, or make decisions based on data generated by intelligent technologies.
History has already seen such a workforce shift in the 1980s with the introduction of the personal computer. It was expected to endanger employment, but in reality, it has led to the creation of the IT industry and online businesses, resulting in an enormous number of new jobs such as software engineers.
According to the McKinsey report, almost half of the tasks performed by people globally could theoretically be automated using modern technologies. Nevertheless, only 5 percent of all jobs can be fully automated. In the remaining jobs with partial automation, only one-third of activities can be performed purely by machines, while other tasks will still require human participation or supervision.
People will not lose their workplaces irrevocably. There will be new jobs, the so-called adjacencies, meaning that people will be cooperating with technologies. The primary difference is that for humans, the work will become more creative, rather than technical. They will create business strategies, design and develop new concepts of implementing smart machines in real life, control and analyze the results.
In the future, there may appear job positions such as robotics managers or AI teachers.
To make this possible, people will have to adapt to the changing reality, upgrading their skills and gaining additional knowledge.
What Can Be Done for Successful Transformation
To drive job creation during the adoption of ubiquitous AI and robotics in the future, companies should start investing in training and education of current employees. Society should also change its attitude toward artificial intelligence for robotics: AI should be seen not for its disadvantages, but with the thought of added market value.
Creativity and the ability to learn will be crucial for personal success in the robotics-based world.
Working processes and employment for people will shift from routine repetitive tasks to creativity. The critical skill that the worker of the future will require will be the ability to learn and to be open to innovations.
Leverage our 29+ years of embedded and firmware development experience
LEARN MORE
2. AI and Robotics Impact on Industries
Spending on artificial intelligence and robotics is rising across various industries.
Manufacturing
The first simple robots stepped onto the factory floor approximately half a century ago. Today, one can hardly imagine a manufacturing business without automatic lines, steel robotic arms and CNC industrial machines. Robots in the manufacturing industry have become the new normal, and they are making significant strides in improving various production processes.
The industrial robotics market will exceed the $33 billion mark by 2025.
Current trends for robotics in manufacturing include hardware integration with smart technologies such as IoT solutions, artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms, Big Data and cloud computing. Thus, smart manufacturing is evolving. Such robotic systems are not only able to carry out basic repetitive operations such as loading, assembling, or modifying parts. They can also perform cognitive tasks, making instant decisions and improving processes without human intervention.
Benefits of using robots and AI in manufacturing
- Optimized Productivity. Robotic equipment can be programmed to operate at a constant optimal speed without pause. As a result, automated machines produce more and within a shorter time than do human workers. The remote management facilitates quick settings or fixing of issues. Moreover, the automated equipment is highly customizable and can flexibly switch between tasks, improving production efficiencies.
- Improved Quality. Intelligent machines eliminate human error and can provide almost 100 percent accuracy, thus improving the quality of the output. This in turn enhances customer satisfaction, as defective products are not likely to reach end users.
- Reduced Costs. As soon as one robot can replace dozens of workers, factory owners save on employee wages. The upfront costs are offset by a quick ROI that can be achieved within two years. This is possible due to increased productivity and a higher speed of throughput. Robots can work in lights-out conditions and don’t require climate control, which saves on utilities.
- Safety. Numerous manufacturing jobs involve higher physical risks and work in hazardous conditions. Smart machines replace people in hazardous environments, minimizing workplace injuries and the detrimental effect on workers’ health. High-risk industries such as mining or fertilizer production turn to robots to avoid adverse events, ensuring the safety of their workers.
The digital transformation of the manufacturing industry is a kind of industrial revolution, and like any revolution, it comes with both pros and cons. Some of the disadvantages of robotization are:
- high initial expenses
- the necessity to reshape the labor market
- an additional burden on the educational system and social organizations
- changes to the corporate culture at all stages.
It goes without saying that manufacturers should nevertheless embrace robotics and automation to remain competitive.
Healthcare
Modern technologies, including robots and AI, contribute to the development of digital health and significantly improve medical care.
Robotic machines have become irreplaceable surgeons’ assistants. They enable minimal invasiveness and improved accuracy during operations, which reduces recovery time for patients.
AI-based chatbots and consulting applications facilitate the branch of telemedicine. Other intelligent programs can perform precise diagnostics by analyzing patients’ medical records and other data, e.g. from medical wearables.
The potential of intelligent software and machines in healthcare is enormous because of their ability to make medical services more accurate and available.
Agriculture
This might be surprising, but agriculture is among those industries being greatly impacted by the use of robots and artificial intelligence.
Agricultural robots handle various tasks such as harvesting or spraying crops from weeds or pests more effectively than human workers. These are machines and drones with computer vision, machine learning models, or AI algorithms that monitor crop and soil conditions, analyze the influence of weather and other environmental conditions on plants and predict consequences.
Since the population on our planet is growing, quite soon it’ll be a challenge to produce more food. The automation of the agricultural industry seems to be the best way to cope with this challenge.
3. AI and Robotics Impact on Private Lives
Robots and intelligent programs are becoming our everyday assistants. According to Gartner, 25 percent of customer services and support will be managed by AI technologies, particularly chatbots, in 2020. In comparison, in 2017, chatbots accounted for less than 2 percent of online customer interactions.
This trend concerns not only businesses but also day-to-day personal tasks. Currently, people are using numerous home appliances that perform their chores, such as robot vacuum cleaners or intelligent coffee machines. Personal assistants, such as Siri and Alexa, help with searching for information, making orders and controlling devices in smart homes. The development of such assistants will obviously not stop, as consumer demand is growing.
In the coming years, cognitive technologies will be widely used to look after our health and well-being. For instance, we may see more robots that will assist people with disabilities and illnesses or companionship robots such as Rudy that will provide care and protection for the elderly.
AI and Robots — This Is About Life
We are witnessing very exciting changes and innovations in the world of technology penetrating every industry and every social sphere. In the short run, we may underestimate the consequences (both positive and negative) of the disruption, but the truth is that we should start preparing for them now.
The main task of governments and top management of companies is to create a working environment that will enable everyone to benefit from these shifts. They should provide education and skills training for human workers, support research activities and invest in innovations.
We engineer industry-leading IoT and embedded solutions for SMBs and enterprises
LEARN MORE
SaM Solutions has been providing IT consulting and custom development services in the international arena for 29 years. Our expertise includes embedded software development for industrial, experimental and scientific equipment and the implementation of AI techniques. One of our projects involved building a predictive maintenance system for a motor on a Toradex board.
Contact us to learn more about the services we provide and to discuss your requirements.
Светило науки — 259 ответов — 0 раз оказано помощи
Ответ:
Robots appeared many years ago. They are
involved in many areas of life. The word
«robot» can often be found in science fiction stories. Robots were invented and used in different industries. They work with computer programs. Robots are very useful because they work faster than people. In addition, they don’t
have holidays and they can work in
dangerous environments. Robots are well
programmed and don’t make mistakes. Nowadays robots are often used for cleaning.
Robots have already become
an integral part of our life.
Задание 51 на подготовку к ЕГЭ по английскому. В тексте имеются пропуски слов. Для каждого пропуска даны несколько вариантов. Определите, какой вариант верный.
ЗаданиеОтвет
What Does the Future Hold?
Have you ever thought about the future? One of the most amazing predictions I have heard about the twenty-first century is that we will be living longer and longer. Scientists will have TURNED / MADE / COME / FOUND up with a cure for a lot of diseases that people die of at the moment. They say that by the year 2050, the average person’s life-span will have GONE / RISEN / TURNED / COME to one hundred years.
They also predict that work will take ON / UP / OVER / AWAY less of our lives and we will have more free time to spend. Robots, which will look more and more like human beings, will have taken UP / OFF / OVER / IN a lot of the boring everyday jobs we do today. In the next ten years, the
Japanese will have DISCOVERED / FOUND / DONE / INVENTED a robot that understands human speech. This is not science fiction: the optimists say that by the year 2020 we will have created humanoids with brains similar to those of an adult human being. This will BRING / TURN / TAKE / COME about a big change in the way we live.
However, many experts feel pessimistic about the future. They predict that people themselves will look like robots. They will have microchips in various parts of their body, which will connect them to a wide variety of gadgets. Some experts even see robots as a DAMAGE / DREAM / THREAT / PROBLEM to human freedom. They are afraid that we will not be able to control them and that in the end, they will control us.
What Does the Future Hold?
Have you ever thought about the future? One of the most amazing predictions I have heard about the twenty-first century is that we will be living longer and longer. Scientists will have COME up with a cure for a lot of diseases that people die of at the moment. They say that by the year 2050, the average person’s life-span will have RISEN to one hundred years.
They also predict that work will take UP less of our lives and we will have more free time to spend. Robots, which will look more and more like human beings, will have taken OVER a lot of the boring everyday jobs we do today. In the next ten years, the
Japanese will have INVENTED a robot that understands human speech. This is not science fiction: the optimists say that by the year 2020 we will have created humanoids with brains similar to those of an adult human being. This will BRING about a big change in the way we live.
However, many experts feel pessimistic about the future. They predict that people themselves will look like robots. They will have microchips in various parts of their body, which will connect them to a wide variety of gadgets. Some experts even see robots as a THREAT to human freedom. They are afraid that we will not be able to control them and that in the end, they will control us.
Silicon Valley celebrates artificial intelligence and robotics as fields that have the power to improve people’s lives, through inventions like driverless cars and robot carers for the elderly.
That message isn’t getting through to the rest of the country, where more than 70% of Americans express wariness or concern about a world where machines perform many of the tasks done by humans, according to Pew Research.
The findings have wide-reaching implications for technology companies working in these fields and indicates the need for greater public hand-holding.
“Ordinary Americans are very wary and concerned about the growing trend in automation and place a lot of value in human decision-making,” said Aaron Smith, the author of the research, which surveyed more than 4,000 US adults. “They are not incredibly excited about machines taking over those responsibilities.”
Pew gauged public perception of automation technologies by presenting respondents with four scenarios, including the development of completely driverless cars; a future in which machines replace many human jobs; the possibility of fully autonomous robot carers; and the possibility that a computer program could evaluate and select job candidates with no human oversight .
According to the findings, 72% of Americans are very or somewhat worried about a future where robots and computers are capable of performing many human jobs – more than double the 33% of people who were enthusiastic about the prospect. Seventy-six per cent are concerned that automation of jobs will exacerbate economic inequality and a similar share (75%) anticipate that the economy will not create many new, better-paying jobs for those human workers who lose their jobs to machines.
One of the most visible examples of automation that’s likely to disrupt daily life is driverless vehicles. There’s a broad agreement among proponents of the technology that driverless cars will be safer than those driven by humans, who are often distracted, drunk or falling asleep at the wheel.
The American public disagrees.
“People are not buying the safety argument about driverless vehicles,” Smith said. “There’s widespread concern about being on the roads with them, which conflicts with what is consensus in the technology world.”
A slim majority of Americans (54%) express more worry than enthusiasm for the development of driverless vehicles, with 30% expecting that they would lead to an increase in road fatalities. Fifty-six per cent said they would not want to ride in one if given the opportunity, citing a lack of trust in the technology or an unwillingness to cede control to a machine in a potentially life-or-death situation.
Another unexpected finding was the vehement opposition to robots making hiring decisions, despite the fact that such technology is already starting to creep into the hiring process as well as other areas such as assessing individuals for loans or parole from prison. Proponents say that using AI can make these decisions less biased, but the public is not convinced.
Seventy-six per cent of respondents said they would not want to apply for jobs that use such a computer program to make hiring decisions.
“A computer cannot measure the emotional intelligence or intangible assets that many humans have,” said one 22-year-old female respondent. “Not every quality can be quantitatively measured by a computer when hiring someone; there is much more learned by face-to-face interactions.”
Smith said: “It speaks to the general lack of recognition of just how widespread algorithmic decision making is in our lives by the average people in the street.”
The survey also asked people about their attitudes towards existing workforce technologies such as social media, industrial robots and technologies that help customers serve themselves without the assistance of humans. The findings revealed a big split between college educated respondents (typically white collar workers) and those who didn’t attend college (typically blue collar workers).
“White collar workers see tech as something positive that helps them get ahead and has improved their opportunities for career advancement, giving them agency to do their jobs better, make more money and get promotions,” said Smith.
“When we asked the same questions of working class folk, you don’t get the same sense that it’s something that is helpful to them or improves access to career opportunities.”
These social factors play into people’s attitudes towards the coming wave of automation technologies.
“Those folks who are optimistic hope it will take over the dull and boring work we hate and create new categories of work for humans to do,” said Smith, “but the American public does not buy the notion that it will be good for everyone.”
Three-quarters of Americans expect that machines doing human jobs will increase inequality between the rich and the poor.
“They believe that a small number of people do well and everyone else loses their jobs to the robots,” said Smith.