Russia in space егэ ответы

Раздел 2. Чтение

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12-18. В каждом задании выберите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, впишите её в соответствующее поле внизу страницы.

So far there are only two ways to get into space — you either have to be an astronaut or very rich. Countries such as Russia and the USA have space programs, but you need to be highly qualified and very determined if you want to become an astronaut. Only a few of the thousands of applicants make it through the training and selection program. Alternatively, if you have the money and are fit enough, you may be able to buy a place on the space journey, as the US millionaire, Mike Melwill did in 2004. But soon there may be another way.

Asif Mahsood is a 14-year old Pakistani with big plans. He dreams of getting a job in space, but hopes he doesn’t need to become an astronaut. And the idea is not so fantastic. Many experts believe that the travel industry will be revolutionized during the next decades by the development of space holidays.

Most people know about the space stations that are already circling the Earth. They are used for research and are operated by professional astronauts. But soon a space station could be built for commercial purposes. A holiday in space would not be cheap, but there are probably already plenty of people who would be prepared to pay.

This is where Asif’s dream comes in. He wants to be the manager of the world’s first orbiting hotel. It is likely that rocket ships will provide the transport. They could be launched from the Earth’s surface, or even from a carrier aircraft high in the atmosphere. The space hotel will be designed with a landing platform for the rocket ship. The passengers could then move into the hotel through a large tube connected to the hotel entrance. This would be necessary because there is no gravity in space. However, inside the space hotel there would need to be a system creating artificial gravity, so that guests could move around normally.

Naturally, if hotels are built in space, there will also be new jobs in space. Guests will need all the normal services found in a hotel on Earth, but there will also be some new possibilities. For example, all sorts of recreation activities could be designed to take advantage of the zero gravity conditions in space. Being able to float around a room, bounce off the walls and ceiling would be very attractive for tourists looking for a new experience. Games of three-dimensional football, basketball or volleyball would certainly be very interesting. The hotel would also have telescopes to look out at the universe, and to look back at the Earth below. 

A space hotel will need to have other facilities that are not necessary in normal hotels. It would be more like a small city in some ways, with its own hospital, communication system, police force and fire department.

In the meantime, Asif is going to keep studying hard at school so that he can find a job working in one of the big international hotels in Lahore or Karachi. He wants to qualify in hotel management and continue to study business administration. The hotels are much the same, so Asif believes that the best preparation for a job in space will be gaining plenty of experience working in Earth hotels. 

The whole idea of hotels in space may sound a little like science fiction, but 30 years ago technology such as mobile video phones and the Internet seemed to be just a crazy dream, whereas today they are a normal part of everyday life, and it is hard to imagine our world without them. 

12. Who is Mike Melwill?

1) The founder of a new space program.

2) An American scientist.

3) A highly-qualified astronaut.

4) A man who paid for a space travel.

13. Asif’s final aim is to

1) become an astronaut.

2) go on a space holiday.

3) be a hotel manager in Pakistan.

4) work in a new type of a hotel.

 14. What will be new in the operations of space stations in the future?

1) Scientific research will be performed on them.

2) They will be used for training professional astronauts.

3) They will be used for making money.

4) They will be less expensive.

15. In space hotels, a large tube will be necessary for

1) creating artificial gravity.

2) connecting the hotel to the landing area.

3) linking hotels with the Earth.

4) launching the rocket ships.

16. Which of the following is NOT described as possible entertainment in space hotels?

1) Walks in the open space.

2) Jumping on the ceiling.

3) Watching the Earth through a telescope.

4) Playing extra dimensional volley-ball.

17. Space hotels will require 

1) exactly the same services and facilities as normal hotels.

2) absolutely different services and facilities than normal hotels.

3) more services and facilities than normal hotels.

4) less services and facilities than normal hotels.

18. The author argues that

1) many things that used to be science fiction exist nowadays.

2) rich people should finance the space exploration.

3) space hotels are just a crazy dream.

4) it’s already hard to imagine our world without space travelling.

Âåëèêèå óìû

Ðîññèÿíå èçó÷àþò êîñìîñ ñ 1950-õ ãîäîâ è äîñòèãëè ðÿäà èñòîðè÷åñêèõ ïðîðûâîâ, íî âñå íà÷àëîñü ãîðàçäî ðàíüøå. Òðîå ìóæ÷èí â ÷àñòíîñòè âûäåëÿëèñü ãåðîÿìè êîñìîñà.

 öåíòðå âíèìàíèÿ Ðîññèÿ óçíàåò ïðî ïèîíåðîâ, êîòîðûå ïðîëîæèëè äîðîãó â êîñìîñ

Êîíñòàíòèí Öèîëêîâñêèé(1857-1935)

Öèîëêîâñêèé áûë èçâåñòåí êàê îòåö ïîëåòà ÷åëîâåêà â êîñìîñ. Îí áûë ó÷åíûì, èçîáðåòàòåëåì è ïèîíåðîì â îáëàñòè êîñìè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé. Åãî ðàáîòà âêëþ÷àëà â ñåáÿ êîíñòðóèðîâàíèå äëÿ ðàêåò ñ äâèãàòåëÿìè, òàìáóðîâ, ìíîãîñòóïåí÷àòûõ ðàêåò-íîñèòåëåé, ñïóòíèêîâ, ñêàôàíäðîâ è äàæå ñèñòåì ïî ïðåäîñòàâëåíèþ ïðîäóêòîâ ïèòàíèÿ è âîçäóõà â êîñìè÷åñêîé êîëîíèè. Îí áûë ÷åëîâåêîì, êîòîðûé íà ìíîãî ñâåòîâûõ ëåò îïåðåäèë ñâîå âðåìÿ, è èìåííî áëàãîäàðÿ åìó Ðîññèÿ ñòàëà ïåðâîé ñòðàíîé, êîòîðàÿ ïåðåñåêëà ïîñëåäíèé ðóáåæ.

Ñåðãåé Êîðîëåâ (1906-1966)

Îí áûë ó÷åíûì è èíæåíåðîì ðàêåòû, êîòîðàÿ âûâåëà íà îðáèòó ïåðâûé ñïóòíèê. Ñïóòíèê-1, â êîñìîñå â 1957 ãîäó. Îí òàêæå áûë îòâåòñòâåííûì çà «Ñïóòíèê-2», îòïðàâêó ñîáàêè Ëàéêè â êîñìîñ è ïîñàäêó ïåðâîãî çîíäà, Ëóíà-2, íà Ëóíå. Áîëüøå âñåãî îí áûë îòâåòñòâåííûì çà «Âîñòîê» è «Âîñõîä» êîñìè÷åñêèå ïðîãðàììû, êîòîðûå óñïåøíî âûâåëè ïåðâîãî ÷åëîâåêà â êîñìîñ â 1961, ïîçâîëèëè ñîâåðøèòü ïåðâóþ êîñìè÷åñêóþ ïðîãóëêó, è ïðîâåëè ïóòü äëÿ âñåõ ïèëîòèðóåìûõ êîñìè÷åñêèõ ïîëåòîâ, ïîñëå ýòîãî Êîðîëåâ áûë ëåãåíäîé â ñâîå âðåìÿ è â íàøå.

Þðèé Ãàãàðèí (1934-1968)

Îí áûë ïåðâûì ÷åëîâåêîì â êîñìîñå è ïåðâîûì ÷åëîâåêà íà îðáèòå Çåìëè 12 àïðåëÿ 1961 Âîñòîê-1. Ïåðâûé è åäèíñòâåííûé êîñìîíàâò, êîñìè÷åñêèé ïîëåò êîòîðîãî äëèëñÿ 108 ìèíóò, íî çàïîìíèòñÿ íàâñåãäà. Îí ñòàë ïîñëîì Ðîññèè, ïóòåøåñòâóÿ ïî ìèðó è ðàññêàçûâàòü ëþäÿì î äîñòèæåíèÿõ Ðîññèè â êîñìîñå.

ACTIVITY

Âûáåðèòå îäíîãî èç ëþäåé â òåêñòå è ðàññêàæèòå ñâîåìó ïàðòíåðó î åãî äîñòèæåíèÿõ. Ðàñøèðüòå ýòó áèîãðàôèþ, âêëþ÷àÿ áîëåå ïîäðîáíóþ èíôîðìàöèþ.

Ðåøåíèå #

Yuri Gagarin

He was the first person to travel into space, in 1961. He became famous and travelled all over the world talking about his experience as a cosmonaut. Gagarin continued to work for the space programme, although he never returned to space. Sadly, he was killed in a plane crash on 27 March 1968, at the age of 34.

Þðèé Ãàãàðèí

Îí áûë ïåðâûì ÷åëîâåêîì, êîòîðûé ïóòåøåñòâîâàë â êîñìîñ, â 1961 ãîäó. Îí ñòàë çíàìåíèòûì è ïóòåøåñòâîâàë ïî âñåìó ìèðó, ðàññêàçûâàÿ î ñâîåì îïûòå â ðîëè êîñìîíàâòà. Ãàãàðèí ïðîäîëæàë ðàáîòàòü íà êîñìè÷åñêóþ ïðîãðàììó, õîòÿ îí íå âåðíóëñÿ â êîñìîñ. Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, îí ïîãèá â àâèàêàòàñòðîôå 27 ìàðòà 1968 ãîäà â âîçðàñòå 34 ëåò.

DISCUSS

• Õîòåëè áû âû îòïðàâèòüñÿ â êîñìîñ? Ïî÷åìó (íåò)?

• Êàê âû îòíîñèòåñü ê êîñìè÷åñêîìó òóðèçìó?

• Êàêèå íàóêè äîëæåí èçó÷èòü ÷åëîâåê, ÷òîáû ñòàòü ó÷åíûì? êîñìîíàâòîì?

Ðåøåíèå #

A: So Ivan, if you had the chance, would you go into space?

B: Oh yes, definitely. I think it would be thrilling to go into space?

A: Wouldn’t you be afraid?

B: Well yes, I suppose a little. But I think it would be worth it to see the Moon and the Earth from space. I would love to actually walk on the Moon and see it up close.

A: Do you think people will ever be able to travel in space?

B: Oh I hope so. Right now you have to be very wealthy to buy your way into space, but I think one day it will be available to everyone. I think anyone who wants to go into space, should have the choice to go. A: What do you think people would have to study to become a scientist?

B: I suppose it would depend on what kind of scientist they wanted to be. If you want to be a physicist, you would have to study Physics.

A: What if you wanted to be a cosmonaut?

B: You would probably have to have some type of science background and maybe a degree in Engineering or Mathematics.

A: Yes, I suppose you’re right. They must have to work very hard and be quite bright.

À: Èâàí, åñëè ó âàñ áûëà âîçìîæíîñòü, õîòåëè áû âû ïîëåòåòü â êîñìîñ?

Â: Àõ, äà, îïðåäåëåííî. ß äóìàþ, ÷òî áûëî áû âîñõèòèòåëüíî âûéòè â îòêðûòûé êîñìîñ!

À: Âû áû íå èñïóãàëèñü?

Â: Íó äà, íàâåðíîå, íåìíîãî. Íî ÿ äóìàþ, ÷òî ýòî áóäåò ñòîèò òîãî, ÷òîáû óâèäåòü Ëóíó è Çåìëþ èç êîñìîñà. ß áû õîòåë ïîãóëÿòü ïî Ëóíå è óâèäåòü åå âáëèçè.

À: Âû äóìàåòå, ÷òî ëþäè êîãäà-íèáóäü ñìîãóò ïóòåøåñòâîâàòü â êîñìîñå?

Â: Íó ÿ íàäåþñü. Ñåé÷àñ âû äîëæíû áûòü î÷åíü áîãàòûì, ÷òîáû ïðîäåëàòü ñâîé ïóòü â êîñìîñ, íî ÿ äóìàþ, ÷òî â îäèí ïðåêðàñíûé äåíü îí áóäåò äîñòóïíà äëÿ âñåõ. ß äóìàþ, êàæäûé, êòî õî÷åò îòïðàâèòüñÿ â êîñìîñ, äîëæåí èìåòü âûáîð.

A: Êàê âû äóìàåòå, ÷òî ëþäè äîëæíû èçó÷àòü, ÷òîáû ñòàòü ó÷åíûì?

Â: ß äóìàþ, ÷òî ýòî áóäåò çàâèñåòü îò òîãî, êàêèì ó÷åíûì îíè õîòåëè áû áûòü. Åñëè âû õîòèòå áûòü ôèçèêîì, âàì ïðèäåòñÿ èçó÷àòü ôèçèêó.

A: ×òî, åñëè áû âû õîòåëè áû áûòü êîñìîíàâòîì?

Â: Âàì, âåðîÿòíî, ïðèäåòñÿ èìåòü ñâîåãî ðîäà íàó÷íûå çíàíèÿ è, âîçìîæíî, äèïëîì èíæåíåðà èëè ìàòåìàòèêà.

A: Äà, íàâåðíîå, òû ïðàâ. Îíè äîëæíû î÷åíü ìíîãî ðàáîòàòü è áûòü äîâîëüíî îäàðåííûìè.

Ïðèâåäåì âûäåðæêó èç çàäàíèÿ èç ó÷åáíèêà Þëèÿ Âàóëèíà, Äæóííè Äóëè 8 êëàññ, Ïðîñâåùåíèå:

Great Minds

Russians have been exploring space since the 1950s and achieved a number of historic breakthroughs, but it all started much earlier. Three men in particular stand out as space exploration heroes.

Spotlight on Russia learns about the pioneers who led the way to space

Konstantin TsioDtovsky (1857-1935)

Tsiolkovsky was known as the father of human space flight. He was a rocket scientist, an inventor and a pioneer in space research. His work contained the designs for rockets with thrusters, airlocks, multi-stage boosters, sateUites, space suits and even a system for providing food and air to a space colony. He was a man light years ahead of his time and it is thanks to him that Russia was the first nation to cross the final frontier.

Sergei Korolyov (1906-1966)

He was a scientist and the rocket engineer that put the first satellite. Sputnik 1, into space in 1957. He was also the person responsible for Sputnik 2, putting the dog Laika into space and landing the first probe, Luna 2, on the moon. Most of àll, he was the person in charge of the Vostok and Voskhod space programmes which successfully put the first man in space in 196l, allowed the first space walk and led the way for all manned space flights after that Korolyov was a legend in his own time and in ours.

Yuri Gagarin (1934-1968)

He was the first human to go into space and the first man to orbit the Earth on 12th April 1961 in Vostok l. The cosmonaut’s first and only space flight lasted 108 minutes but will be remembered forever. He became an ambassador for Russia travelling the world and telling people of Russian achievements in space.

ACTIVITY

Choose one of the people in the text and tell your partner about his achievements. Expand this biography to include more details.

DISCUSS

• Would you like to go into space? Why (not)?

• What do you think about space tourism?

• What fields of science should a person study to become a scientist? a cosmonaut?

*Öèòèðèðîâàíèå ÷àñòè çàäàíèÿ ñî ññûëêîé íà ó÷åáíèê ïðîèçâîäèòñÿ èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî â ó÷åáíûõ öåëÿõ äëÿ ëó÷øåãî ïîíèìàíèÿ ðàçáîðà ðåøåíèÿ çàäàíèÿ.

2

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А—G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

A The Armoury is situated near the Kremlin.

B Originally the Kremlin was wooden.

C New walls and towers of red brick were built in the 15th century.

D The Trinity Gate leads to Red Square.

E The monument to Minin and Pozharsky is the oldest in Moscow.

F The monument to Alexander Pushkin is not far from the monument to Yuri Dolgoruky.

G You can watch ballets in the Maly Theatre.

Вы услышите интервью с автором детективных романов. В заданиях 3—9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

3

Which benefit of trees has not been mentioned by the speaker?
1) Protection from flooding.
2) Protection from the sun’s rays.
3) Protection from precipitation.
Ответ: .

4

The smell of pines in the forest is the result of trees releasing

Ответ: .

5

Scientists want to study how
1) gasses are released by trees into the atmosphere.
2) organic compounds form tiny particles.
3) these particles influence the climate.
Ответ: .

6

Cloud droplets are unable to

Ответ: .

7

According to scientists, cloud droplets influence

3) the movement of the cloud.

Ответ: .

8

The actual formation of the clouds is governed
1) only by the formation of cloud droplets.
2) primarily by the formation of cloud droplets.
3) by several different processes.
Ответ: .

9

A new way of addressing the problem of global warming is by reducing the amount of
1) greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere.
2) the sun’s radiation getting through the atmosphere.
3) the sun’s radiation reflected by the clouds.
Ответ: .

Раздел 2. ЧТЕНИЕ

10

Установите соответствие между заголовками 1—8 и текстами A—G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

A. The VLT (Very Large Telescope) is the world’s largest telescope and it is taking scientists further back to the Big Bang than they ever thought possible. In other words, the VLT is a kind of a time machine, giving astronomers detailed views of events that took place in the earliest days of the cosmos. One day, we will have a much clearer picture of how our planet was born.

B. The latest development in the debate amongst scientists about what killed the prehistoric dinosaurs is the suggestion that acid rain was the cause. Some geologists suggest that a large meteor hitting the earth at 65 kilometres per second would have led to strongly acidic rain falling all over the world. This idea is fascinating but it would mean the dinosaurs would all have died within a very short time.

C. In 1948, a British farmer discovered an interesting lump of metal while ploughing his field. At first he thought the metal bits were parts of an old bed. Then more ‘parts of old beds’ turned up and the farmer took them to the local museum. ‘But these bits are priceless!’ exclaimed the keeper of the museum. ‘They are Iron Age jewellery and coins!’ Over the next 40 years, more and more items were found in the same field.

D. Rats may have had a bit of a hard time over the years but these days lots of people are forgetting about guinea-pigs and hamsters and are buying rats instead. Domestic rats aren’t the same as the ones that run around rubbish bins — they’re actually quite cute. They are very intelligent and can be trained like dogs. They come in different colours and — a big bonus — they will eat anything!

E. In Western cultures, people look each other in the eye during a conversation to show interest and trust, but in many Asian countries, it’s rude to look people in the eye, especially a superior such as a teacher. One of the most basic and powerful signals is when a person crosses his or her arms across the chest. This can indicate that a person is putting up an unconscious barrier between themselves and others.

F. Earthquakes happen all the time in all parts of the world but we don’t notice most of them because they are small. However, big earthquakes are really dangerous. They can make buildings fall down, set off landslides and do other deadly things. The highest death toll caused by an earthquake was in China in 1556, when at least 830,000 people died.

G. According to scientists, Americans watch more TV on average than any other nationality. In fact, many people, particularly children, sit for 35 hours or more per week glued to the box. What’s wrong with watching all that TV? Studies have linked it to everything from obesity to aggression in children not to mention that it puts your mind into a sort of sedated state. Habitual television watching, over long periods of time, has been known to cause depression, and anger.

11

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A—F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

The Man Booker Prize for Fiction is awarded every year for the best original full-length novel written by a writer from the Commonwealth or the Republic of Ireland. It aims to represent the greatest in contemporary literature and promotes the finest in fiction by rewarding the best book of the year. The prize was originally called the Booker-McConnell Prize, A ____________. However, it was better-known as simply the ‘Booker Prize’. In 2002, the Man Group became the sponsor and they chose the new name, keeping ‘Booker’.

Publishers can submit books for consideration for the prize, but the judges can also ask for books to be submitted B ____________. Firstly, the Advisory Committee gives advice if there have been any changes to the rules for the prize. Then it selects the people C ____________. The judging panel changes every year and usually a person is only a judge once.

Great efforts are made to ensure that the judging panel is balanced in terms of gender and professions within the industry. A writer, a critic, an editor and an academic are chosen along with a well-known person from wider society. However, when the panel of judges has been finalized, they are left to make their own decisions D ____________. The Man Booker judges include critics, writers and academics E ____________. The influence of the prize is so great that the winner will almost certainly see the considerable sales increase, in addition to the £50,000 F ____________. In 1992, a Booker Russian Novel Prize was introduced.

1. without any further interference from the prize sponsor
2. so as to maintain the consistent quality of the prize
3. who will judge the books
4. so as to sell them
5. which was the name of the company that sponsored it
6. that comes with the prize
7. they think should be included

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

‘Have you written a letter to the Froplinsons?’ asked Egbert.

‘No,’ said Janetta, with a note of tired defiance in her voice; ‘I’ve written eleven letters today expressing surprise and gratitude for sundry unmerited gifts, but I haven’t written to the Froplinsons yet.’

‘Someone will have to do it,’ said Egbert.

‘I don’t dispute the necessity, but I don’t think that someone should be me,’ said Janetta. ‘I wouldn’t mind writing a letter of angry recrimination or heartless satire to some suitable recipient. In fact, I should rather enjoy it, but I’ve come to the end of my capacity for expressing servile amiability. Eleven letters today and nine yesterday, all couched in the same strain of ecstatic thankfulness: really, you can’t expect me to sit down to another. There is such a thing as writing oneself out.’

‘I’ve written nearly as many,’ said Egbert, ‘and I’ve had my usual business correspondence to get through, too. Besides, I don’t know what it was that the Froplinsons sent us.’ ‘A William the Conqueror calendar,’ said Janetta, ‘with a quotation of one of his great thoughts for every day in the year.’

‘Impossible,’ said Egbert; ‘he didn’t have three hundred and sixty-five thoughts in the whole of his life, or, if he did, he kept them to himself.’

‘Well, it was William Wordsworth, then,’ said Janetta; ‘I know William came into it somewhere.’

‘That sounds more probable,’ said Egbert; ‘well, let’s collaborate on this letter and get it done. I’ll dictate, and you can scribble it down. ‘Dear Mrs. Froplinson, thank you and your husband so much for the very pretty calendar you sent us. It was very good of you to think of us.’ ’

‘You can’t possibly say that,’ said Janetta, laying down her pen. ‘We sent them something on the twenty-second,’ said Janetta, ‘so they simply had to think of us. There was no getting away from it.’

‘What did we send them?’ asked Egbert gloomily.

‘Bridge-markers,’ said Janetta, ‘in a cardboard case, with some inanity about ‘digging for fortune with a royal spade’ emblazoned on the cover. The moment I saw it in the shop I said to myself ‘Froplinsons’ and to the attendant ‘How much?’ When he said ‘Ninepence,’ I gave him their address, jabbed our card in, paid tenpence or elevenpence to cover the postage, and thanked heaven. With less sincerity and infinitely more trouble they eventually thanked me.’

‘The Froplinsons don’t play bridge,’ said Egbert.

‘One is not supposed to notice social deformities of that sort,’ said Janetta; ‘it wouldn’t be polite. Besides, what trouble did they take to find out whether we read Wordsworth with gladness? For all they knew or cared we might be frantically embedded in the belief that all poetry begins and ends with John Masefield, and it might infuriate or depress us to have a daily sample of Wordsworthian products flung at us.’

‘Well, let’s get on with the letter,’ said Egbert. ‘How clever of you to guess that Wordsworth is our favourite poet.’

Again Janetta laid down her pen.

‘Do you realise what that means?’ she asked; ‘a Wordsworth booklet next Christmas, and another calendar the Christmas after, with the same problem of having to write suitable letters of thankfulness. No, the best thing to do is to drop all further allusion to the calendar and switch off on to some other topic.’

‘But what other topic?’

‘Oh, something like this: ‘What do you think of the New Year Honours List? A friend of ours made such a clever remark when he read it.’ Then you can stick in any remark that comes into your head; it needn’t be clever. The Froplinsons won’t know whether it is or isn’t.’

‘We don’t even know on which side they are in politics,’ objected Egbert; ‘and anyhow you can’t suddenly dismiss the subject of the calendar. Surely there must be some intelligent remark that can be made about it.’

‘Well, we can’t think of one,’ said Janetta wearily; ‘the fact is, we’ve both written ourselves out.’

There was a long silence, the forlorn silence of those who are bereft of hope and have almost ceased to care. Then Egbert started from his seat with an air of resolution. The light of battle was in his eyes.

‘Let me come to the writing-table,’ he exclaimed; ‘I’m going to write to the editor of every enlightened and influential newspaper in the Kingdom, I’m going to suggest that there should be a sort of epistolary Truce of God during the festivities of Christmas and New Year. From the twenty-fourth of December to the third or fourth of January it shall be considered an offence against good sense and good feeling to write or expect any letter or communication that does not deal with the necessary events of the moment. Answers to invitations, arrangements about trains, renewal of club subscriptions, and, of course, all the ordinary everyday affairs of business, sickness, engaging new cooks, and so forth, these will be dealt with in the usual manner as something inevitable. But all the devastating accretions of correspondence, incident to the festive season, these should be swept away to give the season a chance of being really festive.’

‘But you would have to make some acknowledgment of presents received,’ objected Janetta; ‘otherwise people would never know whether they had arrived safely.’

‘Of course, I have thought of that,’ said Egbert; ‘every present that was sent off would be accompanied by a ticket bearing the date of dispatch and the signature of the sender, and some conventional hieroglyphic to show that it was intended to be a Christmas or New Year gift; there would be a counterfoil with space for the recipient’s name and the date of arrival, and all you would have to do would be to sign and date the counterfoil, add a conventional hieroglyphic indicating heartfelt thanks and gratified surprise, put the thing into an envelope and post it.’

‘It sounds delightfully simple,’ said Janetta wistfully, ‘but people would consider it too perfunctory.’

‘It is not a bit more perfunctory than the present system,’ said Egbert; ‘I have only the same conventional language of gratitude at my disposal with which to thank dear old Colonel Chuttle for his perfectly delicious Stilton, which we shall devour to the last morsel, and the Froplinsons for their calendar, which we shall never look at. So you see the present system of acknowledgment is just as perfunctory and conventional as the counterfoil business would be, only ten times more tiresome and brain-racking.’

‘Your plan would certainly bring the idea of a Happy Christmas a step nearer realisation,’ said Janetta. ‘Meanwhile, what am I to say to the Froplinsons?’

(Adapted from ‘Down Pens’ by H. H. Munro)

12

Egbert and Janetta were writing

Ответ: .

13

Egbert and Janetta didn’t want to write a letter to the Froplinsons because they
1) had both written themselves out.
2) didn’t like this couple.
3) didn’t know what the Froplinsons had sent them.
4) had a lot of work to do.
Ответ: .

14

Janetta liked her present to the Froplinsons because it was

Ответ: .

15

Janetta didn’t want to mention that Wordsworth was their favourite poet because
1) she actually didn’t like his poems.
2) her favourite poet was John Masefield.
3) the Froplinsons would send them new Wordsworth-related presents.
4) she didn’t want the Froplinsons to know the truth.
Ответ: .

16

Janetta considered the Froplisons to be

Ответ: .

17

Egbert suggested that at Christmas people should
1) stop writing letters at all.
2) put off all the everyday affairs of business.
3) not make any acknowledgment of received presents.
4) send counterfoils instead of thank-you letters.
Ответ: .

18

Janetta considered a new system

Ответ: .

Раздел 3. ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19—25.

Обратите внимание, что по правилам ЕГЭ ответы нужно писать без пробелов и других знаков, например, правильный ответ ‘have done’ нужно будет записать как ‘havedone’, иначе ваш ответ не засчитается.

Swimming Pools

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26—31, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26—31.

Waste Management

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32—38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32—38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Globalization and Communication Growth

The 21st century has 32____ in a new era in man’s ongoing quest for a better life and a better world. For the first time in history, we can now claim to live in ‘One World.’ Globalization has removed many of the gaps that have existed between and among nations. While the physical divide is still present, the 33____ of the Information Highway on how we communicate and live in the present day is simply staggering. Rapid improvements in information technology have allowed us to exchange information and communicate almost everywhere, anywhere, and anytime.

Globalization, as a general term, is best understood as the spread of ideas about the environment, democracy, human rights, and less complicated issues like fashion and fads. Global exchange is now taking place as the market of ideas, culture, and beliefs expand through the use of technology. The nature of business and how it is done has also improved by 34____ and bounds because of globalization.

An example of the remarkable effects of globalization is the invention of the telephone and the television. Television has enabled young people and adults to have the ability to share cultural and ethnic experiences with others. Telephones have also greatly improved communication. Gone are the weeks and even months of waiting for a letter. Anybody can talk to anyone who has another phone 35____ of distance or location on the planet. With the aid of satellites, 3rd generation phones allow us to make a phone call, send a video, or even receive an e-mail. These 36____ in communication have revolutionized business, commerce, and even the personal lives and relationships of millions of people.

Because of the electronic media, vast amounts of important information can reach any parts of the globe in 37____ time. Business establishments, whether big or small, are using the Internet in many ways to build or expand their company’s growth. With the ever improving technology come new markets, high 38____ for products, and also greater competition. Making investments in information and communication technology is now a must for any business enterprise.

32

Ответ: .

33

Ответ: .

34

Ответ: .

35

Ответ: .

36

Ответ: .

37

Ответ: .

38

Ответ: .

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B11

Some of the greatest and most prominent inventions in the quest to explore space have a Russian connection. The father of theoretical astronautics, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, was a Soviet. His works have been an inspiration to leading Russian rocket engineers Valentin Glushko and Sergev Korolyov.

 LEAD

B12

Soviet scientists paved the way to the well-known success of the Russian space program. Sputnik I, the first artificial satellite orbiting the Earth, was launched in 1957.

 SCIENCE

B13

On April 12, 1961, Yury Gagarin successfully made the first human trip to space.

 SUCCESS

B14

Since then, many other Russian and Soviet records in space exploration followed.

 EXPLORE

B15

Even now, Russia continues to be the leaderin satellite launching.

 LEAD

B16

It is also the sole transport provider for space tourism/tourists. Other Soviet contributions to the development of space flights include the invention of space food, space suits, human spaceflight, and human space orbit.

 TOUR