Scottish inventions егэ ответы

Подробности

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Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами В11-В16 соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения. TEST 08 (part 2)

Scottish inventions

B11

Do you know how the refrigerator was invented? It is one of the most important contributions of the Scots to the world.

 CONTRIBUTE

B12

If James Harrison (1816-1893), a Scottish immigrant to Australia, didn’t accidentally push ether gas into a metal tube, people might still be using boxes filled with blocks of ice to cool their food.

 ACCIDENTAL

B13

The main problem was how to overcome the need for ice in the refrigeration process.

 REFRIGERATE

B14

Ice had to be cut fresh from frozen lakes and stored inside an underground house until it was ready to be used as a cooler.

 COOL

B15

Australians had difficulty gaining access to natural ice since Australia does not enjoy that many lakes.

 NATURE

B16

Harrison’s discovery was beneficial the world over, but especially important for Australia because now it could export frozen meat to Europe. He even tried one such journey to Europe, but the ether had leaked during the voyage and ruined the entire cargo. Harrison went bankrupt but his legacy meant a huge difference to the Australian economy.

 DIFFER

esse edit

Источник

1) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Why do the Chinese call the Yellow River in China “China’s Sorrow”?

The Huang He, or Yellow River, in China is called “China’s Sorrow” by the Chinese themselves. Since long ago, flooding ___ (BE) a serious problem.

2) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

The ___ (BAD) most sorrowful flood on record happened in 1931.

3) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

The waters began to rise in July, and by November of that year, more than 40,000 square miles had been flooded, ___ (LEAVE) 80 million people homeless.

4) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

A rabbit and a tortoise

Once there lived a rabbit and a tortoise. The rabbit challenged the tortoise to have a race with ___ (HE). The tortoise agreed and they started the race.

5) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

The rabbit ran ___ (FAST) than the tortoise, and in a few minutes he was near the crossing line. He couldn’t see the tortoise, so he decided to rest for a while till the tortoise arrived and then he would quickly cross the line.

6) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

The rabbit lay down under a tree and soon he was asleep. When he awoke, he saw that the tortoise ___ (CROSS) the line.

7) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

The tortoise ___ (WIN) the match, showing that it’s more important to be steady and active than to be fast.

8) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Scottish inventions

Do you know how the refrigerator was invented? It is one of the most important ___ (CONTRIBUTE) of the Scots to the world.

9) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

If James Harrison (1816-1893), a Scottish immigrant to Australia, didn’t ___ (ACCIDENTAL) push ether gas into a metal tube, people might still be using boxes filled with blocks of ice to cool their food.

10) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

The main problem was how to overcome the need for ice in the ___ (REFRIGERATE) process.

11) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Ice had to be cut fresh from frozen lakes and stored inside an underground house until it was ready to be used as a ___ (COOL).

12) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Australians had difficulty gaining access to ___ (NATURE) ice since Australia does not enjoy that many lakes.

13) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Harrison’s discovery was beneficial the world over, but especially important for Australia because now it could export frozen meat to Europe. He even tried one such journey to Europe, but the ether had leaked during the voyage and ruined the entire cargo. Harrison went bankrupt but his legacy meant a huge ___ (DIFFER) to the Australian economy.

14) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

At home

The holiday time was approaching. Harry hadn’t been ___ forward to the holidays.

1) seeing
2) looking
3) watching
4) glancing

15) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Not just because he wondered if he’d ever see his friend Giles again, but also because it meant ___ with his uncle, Stan.

1) replacing
2) returning
3) restoring
4) removing

16) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Harry’s days at Ashton Road ___ nto a well-ordered routine: up at five, one slice of toast for breakfast, report to Mr. Deakins at the new sagent’s by six, stack the papers in the correct order, then deliver them.

1) kept
2) held
3) went
4) fell

17) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

The whole exercise took about two hours, ___ him to be back home in tim e for a cup of tea with Mum before she went off to work. At around eight-thirty Harry would set off for the library, where he would meet up with his best friend, Billy. Billy was always sitting on the top step waiting patiently for him.

1) agreeing
2) admitting
3) allowing
4) accepting

18) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

In the afternoon, Harry would report for choir practice, as part of his ___ to St Bede’s.

1) agreement
2) obligation
3) requirement
4) responsibility

19) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

He never ___ it as such because he enjoyed singing so much.

1) regarded
2) respected
3) thought
4) found

20) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

In fact, he often prayed, “Please, God, when my and I’ll never ask for anything else.” After spending the evening going ___ old exam papers, Harry would climb into bed around ten. He quickly fell asleep because he felt tired at the end of the day.

1) about
2) with
3) over
4) into

Источник

Тест №01 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Christmas

B11

Christmas is the most important annual festival in both Britain and North America. In its origins, it combines the Christiancelebration of the birth of Christ, on 25 December, with the ancient tradition of a winter feast during the darkest period of the year.

CELEBRATION

B12

Christmas carols — a special kind of religious songs — are an important part of it. You may hear them countless times over the radio but it is quite different when you listen to people sing carols around you in church.

 COUNT

B13

At this time, too, many carol singers make door-to-door visits to people at home, collecting money for this or that charity.

 SING

B14

Many weeks before Christmas, shops start selling various Christmas cards and Christmas gifts.

 VARY

B15

Shop owners decorate their shops with holly, mistletoe, candles and colourful paper chains and lanterns.

 OWN

B16

All kinds of traditional Christmas food are also widely available.

 WIDE

Тест №02 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Arbor Day and Earth Day

B11

The first Arbor Day took place in April, 1872 in Nebraska. It was the brainchild of Julius Sterling Morton (1832-1902), a Nebraska journalist and politician originally from Michigan.

 POLITICS

B12

When he became a member of Nebraska’s state board of agriculture, he proposed that a special day be set aside dedicated to tree planting and increasing awareness of the importance of trees. Nebraska’s first Arbor Day was an amazing success.  More than one million trees were planted.  

 AWARE

B13

On April 22, 1970, Arbor Day activitieswere modified to emphasize the critical importance of the environment.

 ACTIVE

B14

It was a time when cities were buried under their own smog and polluted rivers caught fire. Earth Day was created to remind people of their responsibility to protect the planet.      

 RESPONSIBLE

B15

Now Earth Day is celebrated annuallyaround the globe.

 ANNUAL

B16

What started as a day of national environmental recognition has evolved into a worldwide campaign to protect our globalenvironment. 

 GLOBE

Тест №03 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Tourism in Britain

B11

Every year more than eleven million tourists visit Britain. Most visitors come in the summer months when they can expect good weather.

 VISIT

B12

Tourists usually spend a few days in London, then go on to other well-known cities.

 USUAL

B13

Perhaps the least visited places in England are old industrial towns.

 INDUSTRY

B14

But many people think that nineteenth-century cities show the reality of Britain.

 REAL

B15

The greatness of the past is to be still seen in their old streets.

 GREAT

B16

The cheap, concrete buildings of the 1960s look old and dirty, but for the adventuroustourists these cities are full of life and colour.

 ADVENTURE

Тест №04 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Australia

B11

Australia is an island continent and the world’s sixth largest country. The continent and the island of Tasmania, off its south-eastern coast, make up the Commonwealth of Australia.

 SOUTH-EAST

B12

Australia is a federation of six states and two territories. The largest State, Western Australia, is about the same size as Western Europe. The country has a parliamentarysystem of administration modelled on the British one, and the state and federal structures are broadly similar.

 PARLIAMENT

B13

Australia’s system of administration is based on the democratic tradition.

 DEMOCRAT

B14

Australia is still a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, but although Britain’s king or queen is the Australian Head of State, Australia is fully autonomous.

 FULL

B15

The British sovereign is represented by the governor-general and state governors, whose nomination for the post is ratified by the monarch of the day.

 NOMINATE

B16

Ministers of the government are elected for a maximum of three years. Voting is by secret ballot and is compulsory for persons 18 years of age and over.

 GOVERN

Тест №05 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Global Language

B11

It is difficult to tell exactly how many languages there are in the world today. Scientists say there are about 2,700 languages, but no one has ever made a more definite count.

 SCIENCE

B12

In most countries there are at least two native languages, and in some cases — as in Cameroon — there are hundreds. The number of languages naturally changes as tribes die out or linguistic groups are absorbed.

 NATURAL

B13

Nowadays, globalization influences thedevelopment of languages. New words appear, existing words acquire new meanings, native words give way to international terms.

 DEVELOP

B14

Almost all languages change. A rare exception is written Icelandic, which has changed so little that speakers of modern Icelandic can read sagas written a thousand years ago.

 SPEAK

B15

If you drew a map of Europe based on languages, it would be different from a conventional map. For example, Switzerland would practically disappear, becoming part of the surrounding areas of French, Italian, and German.

 APPEAR

B16

Italy, too, would appear on the map not as one language, but as a whole variety of broadly related but often mutually incomprehensible dialects.

 VARY

Тест №06 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

The Power of the Great Pyramid

B11

In the 18th century a large number of foreigners came to the Great Pyramid of Cheops in Egypt. One of the most powerfulpeople of that time, Napoleon Bonaparte, also visited the Pyramid.

 POWER

B12

His expedition to Egypt in 1798 was not only military but archeological as well. He took with him specialists in different spheres of science. The scientist measured, explored and made many drawings of Egyptian pyramids.

 SCIENCE

B13

One day Napoleon with several servantscame to the Great Pyramid of Cheops. There he wanted to be left alone.

 SERVE

B14

He ordered everyone to leave him and went into the darkness alone.

 DARK

B15

When he came out he was pale. ‘Are you all right, sir?’ asked the guide. Napoleon was silent. Then he said sadly, ‘Never mention this matter again. Ever!’

 SAD

B16

Years later, his friend Tomblier asked him what he had seen in the Great Pyramid. Napoleon stared at Tomblier for a while, then said only two words, Something impossible!’ He never spoke about it again.

 POSSIBLE

Тест №07 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Russia in space

B11

Some of the greatest and most prominent inventions in the quest to explore space have a Russian connection. The father of theoretical astronautics, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, was a Soviet. His works have been an inspiration toleading Russian rocket engineers Valentin Glushko and Sergev Korolyov.

 LEAD

B12

Soviet scientists paved the way to the well-known success of the Russian space program. Sputnik I, the first artificial satellite orbiting the Earth, was launched in 1957.

 SCIENCE

B13

On April 12, 1961, Yury Gagarin successfullymade the first human trip to space.

 SUCCESS

B14

Since then, many other Russian and Soviet records in space exploration followed.

 EXPLORE

B15

Even now, Russia continues to be the leaderin satellite launching.

 LEAD

B16

It is also the sole transport provider for spacetourism/tourists. Other Soviet contributions to the development of space flights include the invention of space food, space suits, human spaceflight, and human space orbit.

 TOUR

Тест №08 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Scottish inventions

B11

Do you know how the refrigerator was invented? It is one of the most importantcontributions of the Scots to the world.

 CONTRIBUTE

B12

If James Harrison (1816-1893), a Scottish immigrant to Australia, didn’t accidentallypush ether gas into a metal tube, people might still be using boxes filled with blocks of ice to cool their food.

 ACCIDENTAL

B13

The main problem was how to overcome the need for ice in the refrigeration process.

 REFRIGERATE

B14

Ice had to be cut fresh from frozen lakes and stored inside an underground house until it was ready to be used as a cooler.

 COOL

B15

Australians had difficulty gaining access tonatural ice since Australia does not enjoy that many lakes.

 NATURE

B16

Harrison’s discovery was beneficial the world over, but especially important for Australia because now it could export frozen meat to Europe. He even tried one such journey to Europe, but the ether had leaked during the voyage and ruined the entire cargo. Harrison went bankrupt but his legacy meant a huge difference to the Australian economy.

 DIFFER

Тест №09 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

The heart of Bangkok

B11

Bangkok is the capital of Thailand. Its numerous high-rise buildings, heavy traffic congestion, intense heat and naughty nightlife may not immediately give you the best impression.

 BUILD

B12

Don’t let that mislead you.

 LEAD

B13

It is one of Asia’s most cosmopolitan cities with impressive temples and palaces, authentic canals, busy markets and a vibrant nightlife that has something for everyone.

 IMPRESS

B14

The heart of Bangkok is probably its magnificent Grand Palace, which is one of the architectural wonders of the world.

 PROBABLE

B15

It is a collection of highly decorated holy temples and monuments.

 COLLECT

B16

Its asymmetry and eclectic styles are due to its organic development, with additions and rebuilding being made by successive reigning kings over 200 years of history. It is worth spending at least a full morning or afternoon there. At night the palace is lit up and glows in vivid colour.

 DEVELOP

Тест №10 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

The most important liquid on Earth

B11

Water is a vital element in each of our lives. Not only is it essential to our health, but we also use it for various household tasks. Every day we use water for cooking, bathing, and cleaning, and drinking; but how often do we think about its source?

 VARY

B12

Consumers receive their water from one of two sources: a private well, or a community water system.

 CONSUME

B13

Approximately 15 percent of the U.S. population relies on individually owned and operated sources of drinking water, such as wells, cisterns, and springs. The majority of household wells are found in rural areas.

 INDIVIDUAL

B14

Those who receive their water from a private well are solely responsible for the safety of the water.

 RESPONSE

B15

Private wells are not subject to different federal regulations and are generally regulated on a very limited basis by states.

 REGULATE

B16

Local health departments may assist well owners with periodic/periodical testing for bacteria or nitrates, but the bulk of the responsibility for caring for the well falls on the well owner.

 PERIOD

Тест №11 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Can animals think?

B11

In his quarters at the University of Arizona, Alex is commenting on all that he sees. “Hot!” he warns as a visitor picks up a mug of tea. Alex spots a plateful of fruit and announces his choice: “Grape.” Alex is an African grey parrot.

 VISIT

B12

For the last 16 years, biologist Irene Pepperberg has been exploring the degree to which the bird understands what he is saying.

 BIOLOGY

B13

Alex also communicates what appear to bevarious feelings.

 VARY

B14

Are the parrot’s words merely a collection of sounds he emits when frustrated, or does this one-pound bird know what he is saying?

 MERE

B15

For centuries, philosophers argued thatthinking and language separate humans from other species. Later, scientists had reason to be critical of claims concerning animal intelligence.

 THINK

B16

Today innovative probes of animal intelligence have convinced most scientists that other species really share with humans some higher mental abilities.

 ABLE

Тест №12 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

UK: Conservation and Environmen

B11

Going for a walk is the most popular leisure activity in Britain. Despite its high populationdensity, the UK has many unspoilt rural and coastal areas.

POPULATE

B12

Twelve National Parks are freely accessible to the public and were created to conserve thenaturalbeauty, wildlife and cultural heritage they contain.

 NATURE

B13

Most of the land in National Parks is privately owned, but administered by an independent National Park Authority which works to balance the expectations of visitors with the need to conserve these open spaces for future generations.

 VISIT

B14

The UK also works to improve the global environment and has taken global warmingseriously ever since specialists discovered the hole in the ozone layer.

 SERIOUS

B15

In 1997, the UK subscribed to the Kyoto Protocol binding developed countries to reduce emissions of the six main greenhouse gases. The Protocol declares environmentalprotection.

 PROTECT

B16

Nowadays British scientists are taking part in one of the largest international projects that is undertaken to protect endangered species.

 SCIENCE

Тест №13 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Chicago from above

B11

Following a recent renovation, the new Hancock Observatory invites you to enjoy Chicago’s best views from the city’s highest open-air Skywalk. It has quickly gainedpopularity with both Chicagoans and visitors of the city.

 POPULAR

B12

Skywalk is Chicago’s highest open-air viewing area. It is 1,000 feet in the air! Everyone here can feel the strong wind and hear the dynamic buzz of the city below. The friendly staff willcertainly tell the real story behind Chicago’s “Windy City” nickname.

 CERTAIN

B13

For those who feel uncomfortable about such a great height there are more relaxing indoor audio Sky Tours.

 COMFORT

B14

These 30-minute personal audio tours give a unique “overview” of Chicago’s wonderful sights and remarkable history! Sky Tours are available in English, Spanish and German.

 REMARK

B15

History Wall is another popular attraction. More than 100 photos on a great 80-foot display show Chicago’s rise from a small settlement to a great city.

 ATTRACT

B16

As a tour guide I have been to the Skywalkcountless times and still I can’t help admiring it.

 COUNT

Тест №14 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Ray Bradbury

B11

Ray Douglas Bradbury is a US writer of fantasy, horror, science fiction and mystery. He is widely considered to be one of the 20thcentury’s greatest and most popular writers of science fiction.

 WIDE

B12

His works have been translated into more than 40 languages and have sold tens of millions of copies in different countries. His popularitycontinues in the 21st century.

 POPULAR

B13

During his long writing career, Bradbury has written almost 600 short stories, eleven novels, as well as various poems and plays.

 VARY

B14

He first became famous for his Martian Chronicles, a collection of short stories concerning colonization of the planet Mars. In it, Bradbury portrayed the strengths andweaknesses of human beings as they encountered a new world.

 WEAK

B15

Bradbury won countless literary awards, the most important of them coming from the National Institute of Arts and Letters.

 COUNT

B16

Millions of science fiction readers all over the world are grateful to Ray Bradbury for his outstanding achievement / achievements in the field of fantasy and science fiction.

 ACHIEVE

Тест №15 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Animals

B11

The importance of animals in British life is reflected in many ways. In the past, landowners liked to be portrayed with their dogs and horses. Countless pictures of this kind can be seen in art galleries and private residences.

 COUNT

B12

Animals are widely used in advertising in magazines and on television.

 WIDE

B13

The Royal Society for the prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) is one of the largest charities in Britain.

 PREVENT

B14

RSPCA is a part of a more generalmovementin support of animal rights that has emerged recently in Britain and the USA.

 MOVE

B15

Animal rights organizations use varioustactics: picketing stores that sell furs, harassing hunters in the wild, or breaking into laboratories to free animals.

 VARY

B16

Their main aim is to ban the cruel treatment and killing of animals both in laboratory experiments and in factory farming. The irresponsible and neglectful treatment of animals by some zoo and pet owners is also their concern.

 OWN

Тест №16 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Why do we sleep?

B11

A recent study may have an answer to one of the greatest unsolved mysteries in science — what is the purpose of sleep? The work suggests it’s really about making animals function more efficiently in their environments.

 REAL

B12

Scientists from the University of California, Los Angeles, conducted a study of the sleep times of a broad range of animals. They discovered much variation.

 SCIENCE

B13

You may think it impossible but some migrating birds canfly non-stop for up to 90 hours.

 POSSIBLE

B14

Pythons and bats are among the longestsleepers at over 18 hours a day.

 SLEEP

B15

Human babies need 16 hours and their health and intellectual development depend on sleeping properly.

 DEVELOP

B16

Most of us probably feel we need around eight hours sleep to function well. Some people have difficulty/difficulties in getting enough sleep and this may lead to serious health problems.

DIFFICULT

Тест №17 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Future population

B11

The United Nations (UN) has published its prediction about the size and age of the world’s population three hundred years from now. This report can help environmentalscientists and policy-makers to understand dramatic changes in the world’s population in the future.

 SCIENCE

B12

The report suggests that if the birth rates stay the same, there’ll be a huge expansion of theglobal population.

 GLOBE

B13

You may think it isimpossible but three centuries from now there may be over one hundred and thirty trillion people.

 POSSIBLE

B14

The report says that the world’s population is likely to be significantly older. The average age will be fifty while today it is twenty six.

SIGNIFICANT

B15

Almost a quarter of all the inhabitants of the planet will live in Africa.

 INHABIT

B16

Researchers think that India, China and the United States will continue to be countries with the biggest population.

 RESEARCH

Тест №18 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Invention of Potato Chips

B11

The potato chip was invented in 1853 by George Crum who was a chef at a restaurant in New York. Fried potatoes were popular at the restaurant because they were ratherinexpensive, but one day a visitor complained that the slices were too thick.

EXPENSIVE

B12

Crum made thinner slices, but the nervouscustomer was still dissatisfied.

NERVE

B13

Crum finally made fries that were too thin to eat with a fork, hoping to annoy theextremely difficult customer.

EXTREME

B14

But the customer was happy — and that was the invention of potato chips!

INVENT

B15

Industrial manufacturing of potato chips began in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1895.

INDUSTRY

B16

The chips gained even more popularity in 1926 when a wax paper potato chip bag was invented that helped to keep them fresh and crisp.

POPULAR

Тест №19 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Tourism in Australia

B11

The growth of tourism infrastructure related to the base of Ayers Rock, or Uluru began in the 1950s. Soon it started to produce adverse environmental impacts.

ENVIRONMENT

B12

It was decided in the early 1970s to remove all accommodation-related tourist facilities and re-establish them outside the park. In 1975, a reservation of 104 square kilometres of land beyond the park’s northern boundary was chosen as the site for a new resort.

RESERVE

B13

A year or two later, the development of a tourist facility and an associated airport, to be known as Yulara started.

DEVELOP

B14

The camp ground within the park was closed in 1983 and the motels closed in late 1984, coinciding with the opening of the luxurious resort. In 1992, the majority interest in the Yulara resort held by the Northern Territory government/governorwas sold and the resort was renamed Ayers Rock Resort.

GOVERN

B15

Since listing the park as a World Heritage Site, the annual number of visitors rose to over 400,000 people by the year 2000.

VISIT

B16

Increased tourism provides regional and national economic benefits. It also presents an ongoing challenge to balance conservation of cultural values and tourists’ needs.

CULTURE

Тест №20 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

The World’s Language

B11

The English language is famous for the richness of its vocabulary. Webster’s New International Dictionary lists 450,000 words, and the new Oxford English Dictionary has 615,000, but that is only part of the total. Technical and scientists terms would add millions more.

SCIENCE

B12

The wealth of existing synonyms means thatspeakers of English have two words for something denoted by one word in a different language. The French, for instance, do not distinguish between house and home, between mind and brain. The Spanish cannot differentiate a chairman from a president.

SPEAK

B13

In Russia, there are no native words for efficiency, challenge and engagement ring. Of course, every language has areas in which it needs, for practical purposes, to be more expressive than others.

PRACTICE

B14

The Eskimos have fifty words for types of snow, though there is no word for just plain snow. Naturally, African languages have no native word for snow.

NATURAL

B15

Nowadays, globalization influences thedevelopment of languages.

DEVELOP

B16

Some native words disappear, giving way to international terms.

APPEAR

Тест №21 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Entertaining guests

B11

The most usual way to entertain friends at home is to invite them for a meal, either in the evening or at lunch-time on a Sunday. When guests are invited for a meal, they often sit and chat while they have a drink before the meal, and coffee is usually served afterwards.

USUAL

B12

Several close friends are sometimes invited at once to make a small party to celebrate a birthday, a child’s coming of age or some special achievement/achievements.

ACHIEVE

B13

These parties are almost always informal, there is no dress code and in summer, when the weather is fine, people may hold a barbecue in the garden.

FORMAL

B14

Formal occasions, official receptions for foreign visitors, when written invitations are sent, rarely take place in people’s homes, although they did in the past.

INVITE

B15

The host often provides various kinds of entertainment, or at least entertains guests with interesting stories and merry jokes.

VARY

B16

The tasty meal is often followed by party games or dances which are intended to amuse or interest people in a way that gives them pleasure and make them enjoy the party.

TASTE
Источник

1) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Why do the Chinese call the Yellow River in China “China’s Sorrow”?

The Huang He, or Yellow River, in China is called “China’s Sorrow” by the Chinese themselves. Since long ago, flooding ___ (BE) a serious problem.

2) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

The ___ (BAD) most sorrowful flood on record happened in 1931.

3) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

The waters began to rise in July, and by November of that year, more than 40,000 square miles had been flooded, ___ (LEAVE) 80 million people homeless.

4) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

A rabbit and a tortoise

Once there lived a rabbit and a tortoise. The rabbit challenged the tortoise to have a race with ___ (HE). The tortoise agreed and they started the race.

5) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

The rabbit ran ___ (FAST) than the tortoise, and in a few minutes he was near the crossing line. He couldn’t see the tortoise, so he decided to rest for a while till the tortoise arrived and then he would quickly cross the line.

6) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

The rabbit lay down under a tree and soon he was asleep. When he awoke, he saw that the tortoise ___ (CROSS) the line.

7) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

The tortoise ___ (WIN) the match, showing that it’s more important to be steady and active than to be fast.

8) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Scottish inventions

Do you know how the refrigerator was invented? It is one of the most important ___ (CONTRIBUTE) of the Scots to the world.

9) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

If James Harrison (1816-1893), a Scottish immigrant to Australia, didn’t ___ (ACCIDENTAL) push ether gas into a metal tube, people might still be using boxes filled with blocks of ice to cool their food.

10) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

The main problem was how to overcome the need for ice in the ___ (REFRIGERATE) process.

11) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Ice had to be cut fresh from frozen lakes and stored inside an underground house until it was ready to be used as a ___ (COOL).

12) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Australians had difficulty gaining access to ___ (NATURE) ice since Australia does not enjoy that many lakes.

13) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Harrison’s discovery was beneficial the world over, but especially important for Australia because now it could export frozen meat to Europe. He even tried one such journey to Europe, but the ether had leaked during the voyage and ruined the entire cargo. Harrison went bankrupt but his legacy meant a huge ___ (DIFFER) to the Australian economy.

14) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

At home

The holiday time was approaching. Harry hadn’t been ___ forward to the holidays.

1) seeing
2) looking
3) watching
4) glancing

15) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Not just because he wondered if he’d ever see his friend Giles again, but also because it meant ___ with his uncle, Stan.

1) replacing
2) returning
3) restoring
4) removing

16) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Harry’s days at Ashton Road ___ nto a well-ordered routine: up at five, one slice of toast for breakfast, report to Mr. Deakins at the new sagent’s by six, stack the papers in the correct order, then deliver them.

1) kept
2) held
3) went
4) fell

17) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

The whole exercise took about two hours, ___ him to be back home in tim e for a cup of tea with Mum before she went off to work. At around eight-thirty Harry would set off for the library, where he would meet up with his best friend, Billy. Billy was always sitting on the top step waiting patiently for him.

1) agreeing
2) admitting
3) allowing
4) accepting

18) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

In the afternoon, Harry would report for choir practice, as part of his ___ to St Bede’s.

1) agreement
2) obligation
3) requirement
4) responsibility

19) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

He never ___ it as such because he enjoyed singing so much.

1) regarded
2) respected
3) thought
4) found

20) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

In fact, he often prayed, “Please, God, when my and I’ll never ask for anything else.” After spending the evening going ___ old exam papers, Harry would climb into bed around ten. He quickly fell asleep because he felt tired at the end of the day.

1) about
2) with
3) over
4) into

Тест №01 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Christmas

B11

Christmas is the most important annual festival in both Britain and North America. In its origins, it combines the Christiancelebration of the birth of Christ, on 25 December, with the ancient tradition of a winter feast during the darkest period of the year.

CELEBRATION

B12

Christmas carols — a special kind of religious songs — are an important part of it. You may hear them countless times over the radio but it is quite different when you listen to people sing carols around you in church.

 COUNT

B13

At this time, too, many carol singers make door-to-door visits to people at home, collecting money for this or that charity.

 SING

B14

Many weeks before Christmas, shops start selling various Christmas cards and Christmas gifts.

 VARY

B15

Shop owners decorate their shops with holly, mistletoe, candles and colourful paper chains and lanterns.

 OWN

B16

All kinds of traditional Christmas food are also widely available.

 WIDE

Тест №02 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Arbor Day and Earth Day

B11

The first Arbor Day took place in April, 1872 in Nebraska. It was the brainchild of Julius Sterling Morton (1832-1902), a Nebraska journalist and politician originally from Michigan.

 POLITICS

B12

When he became a member of Nebraska’s state board of agriculture, he proposed that a special day be set aside dedicated to tree planting and increasing awareness of the importance of trees. Nebraska’s first Arbor Day was an amazing success.  More than one million trees were planted.  

 AWARE

B13

On April 22, 1970, Arbor Day activitieswere modified to emphasize the critical importance of the environment.

 ACTIVE

B14

It was a time when cities were buried under their own smog and polluted rivers caught fire. Earth Day was created to remind people of their responsibility to protect the planet.      

 RESPONSIBLE

B15

Now Earth Day is celebrated annuallyaround the globe.

 ANNUAL

B16

What started as a day of national environmental recognition has evolved into a worldwide campaign to protect our globalenvironment. 

 GLOBE

Тест №03 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Tourism in Britain

B11

Every year more than eleven million tourists visit Britain. Most visitors come in the summer months when they can expect good weather.

 VISIT

B12

Tourists usually spend a few days in London, then go on to other well-known cities.

 USUAL

B13

Perhaps the least visited places in England are old industrial towns.

 INDUSTRY

B14

But many people think that nineteenth-century cities show the reality of Britain.

 REAL

B15

The greatness of the past is to be still seen in their old streets.

 GREAT

B16

The cheap, concrete buildings of the 1960s look old and dirty, but for the adventuroustourists these cities are full of life and colour.

 ADVENTURE

Тест №04 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Australia

B11

Australia is an island continent and the world’s sixth largest country. The continent and the island of Tasmania, off its south-eastern coast, make up the Commonwealth of Australia.

 SOUTH-EAST

B12

Australia is a federation of six states and two territories. The largest State, Western Australia, is about the same size as Western Europe. The country has a parliamentarysystem of administration modelled on the British one, and the state and federal structures are broadly similar.

 PARLIAMENT

B13

Australia’s system of administration is based on the democratic tradition.

 DEMOCRAT

B14

Australia is still a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, but although Britain’s king or queen is the Australian Head of State, Australia is fully autonomous.

 FULL

B15

The British sovereign is represented by the governor-general and state governors, whose nomination for the post is ratified by the monarch of the day.

 NOMINATE

B16

Ministers of the government are elected for a maximum of three years. Voting is by secret ballot and is compulsory for persons 18 years of age and over.

 GOVERN

Тест №05 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Global Language

B11

It is difficult to tell exactly how many languages there are in the world today. Scientists say there are about 2,700 languages, but no one has ever made a more definite count.

 SCIENCE

B12

In most countries there are at least two native languages, and in some cases — as in Cameroon — there are hundreds. The number of languages naturally changes as tribes die out or linguistic groups are absorbed.

 NATURAL

B13

Nowadays, globalization influences thedevelopment of languages. New words appear, existing words acquire new meanings, native words give way to international terms.

 DEVELOP

B14

Almost all languages change. A rare exception is written Icelandic, which has changed so little that speakers of modern Icelandic can read sagas written a thousand years ago.

 SPEAK

B15

If you drew a map of Europe based on languages, it would be different from a conventional map. For example, Switzerland would practically disappear, becoming part of the surrounding areas of French, Italian, and German.

 APPEAR

B16

Italy, too, would appear on the map not as one language, but as a whole variety of broadly related but often mutually incomprehensible dialects.

 VARY

Тест №06 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

The Power of the Great Pyramid

B11

In the 18th century a large number of foreigners came to the Great Pyramid of Cheops in Egypt. One of the most powerfulpeople of that time, Napoleon Bonaparte, also visited the Pyramid.

 POWER

B12

His expedition to Egypt in 1798 was not only military but archeological as well. He took with him specialists in different spheres of science. The scientist measured, explored and made many drawings of Egyptian pyramids.

 SCIENCE

B13

One day Napoleon with several servantscame to the Great Pyramid of Cheops. There he wanted to be left alone.

 SERVE

B14

He ordered everyone to leave him and went into the darkness alone.

 DARK

B15

When he came out he was pale. ‘Are you all right, sir?’ asked the guide. Napoleon was silent. Then he said sadly, ‘Never mention this matter again. Ever!’

 SAD

B16

Years later, his friend Tomblier asked him what he had seen in the Great Pyramid. Napoleon stared at Tomblier for a while, then said only two words, Something impossible!’ He never spoke about it again.

 POSSIBLE

Тест №07 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Russia in space

B11

Some of the greatest and most prominent inventions in the quest to explore space have a Russian connection. The father of theoretical astronautics, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, was a Soviet. His works have been an inspiration toleading Russian rocket engineers Valentin Glushko and Sergev Korolyov.

 LEAD

B12

Soviet scientists paved the way to the well-known success of the Russian space program. Sputnik I, the first artificial satellite orbiting the Earth, was launched in 1957.

 SCIENCE

B13

On April 12, 1961, Yury Gagarin successfullymade the first human trip to space.

 SUCCESS

B14

Since then, many other Russian and Soviet records in space exploration followed.

 EXPLORE

B15

Even now, Russia continues to be the leaderin satellite launching.

 LEAD

B16

It is also the sole transport provider for spacetourism/tourists. Other Soviet contributions to the development of space flights include the invention of space food, space suits, human spaceflight, and human space orbit.

 TOUR

Тест №08 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Scottish inventions

B11

Do you know how the refrigerator was invented? It is one of the most importantcontributions of the Scots to the world.

 CONTRIBUTE

B12

If James Harrison (1816-1893), a Scottish immigrant to Australia, didn’t accidentallypush ether gas into a metal tube, people might still be using boxes filled with blocks of ice to cool their food.

 ACCIDENTAL

B13

The main problem was how to overcome the need for ice in the refrigeration process.

 REFRIGERATE

B14

Ice had to be cut fresh from frozen lakes and stored inside an underground house until it was ready to be used as a cooler.

 COOL

B15

Australians had difficulty gaining access tonatural ice since Australia does not enjoy that many lakes.

 NATURE

B16

Harrison’s discovery was beneficial the world over, but especially important for Australia because now it could export frozen meat to Europe. He even tried one such journey to Europe, but the ether had leaked during the voyage and ruined the entire cargo. Harrison went bankrupt but his legacy meant a huge difference to the Australian economy.

 DIFFER

Тест №09 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

The heart of Bangkok

B11

Bangkok is the capital of Thailand. Its numerous high-rise buildings, heavy traffic congestion, intense heat and naughty nightlife may not immediately give you the best impression.

 BUILD

B12

Don’t let that mislead you.

 LEAD

B13

It is one of Asia’s most cosmopolitan cities with impressive temples and palaces, authentic canals, busy markets and a vibrant nightlife that has something for everyone.

 IMPRESS

B14

The heart of Bangkok is probably its magnificent Grand Palace, which is one of the architectural wonders of the world.

 PROBABLE

B15

It is a collection of highly decorated holy temples and monuments.

 COLLECT

B16

Its asymmetry and eclectic styles are due to its organic development, with additions and rebuilding being made by successive reigning kings over 200 years of history. It is worth spending at least a full morning or afternoon there. At night the palace is lit up and glows in vivid colour.

 DEVELOP

Тест №10 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

The most important liquid on Earth

B11

Water is a vital element in each of our lives. Not only is it essential to our health, but we also use it for various household tasks. Every day we use water for cooking, bathing, and cleaning, and drinking; but how often do we think about its source?

 VARY

B12

Consumers receive their water from one of two sources: a private well, or a community water system.

 CONSUME

B13

Approximately 15 percent of the U.S. population relies on individually owned and operated sources of drinking water, such as wells, cisterns, and springs. The majority of household wells are found in rural areas.

 INDIVIDUAL

B14

Those who receive their water from a private well are solely responsible for the safety of the water.

 RESPONSE

B15

Private wells are not subject to different federal regulations and are generally regulated on a very limited basis by states.

 REGULATE

B16

Local health departments may assist well owners with periodic/periodical testing for bacteria or nitrates, but the bulk of the responsibility for caring for the well falls on the well owner.

 PERIOD

Тест №11 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Can animals think?

B11

In his quarters at the University of Arizona, Alex is commenting on all that he sees. “Hot!” he warns as a visitor picks up a mug of tea. Alex spots a plateful of fruit and announces his choice: “Grape.” Alex is an African grey parrot.

 VISIT

B12

For the last 16 years, biologist Irene Pepperberg has been exploring the degree to which the bird understands what he is saying.

 BIOLOGY

B13

Alex also communicates what appear to bevarious feelings.

 VARY

B14

Are the parrot’s words merely a collection of sounds he emits when frustrated, or does this one-pound bird know what he is saying?

 MERE

B15

For centuries, philosophers argued thatthinking and language separate humans from other species. Later, scientists had reason to be critical of claims concerning animal intelligence.

 THINK

B16

Today innovative probes of animal intelligence have convinced most scientists that other species really share with humans some higher mental abilities.

 ABLE

Тест №12 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

UK: Conservation and Environmen

B11

Going for a walk is the most popular leisure activity in Britain. Despite its high populationdensity, the UK has many unspoilt rural and coastal areas.

POPULATE

B12

Twelve National Parks are freely accessible to the public and were created to conserve thenaturalbeauty, wildlife and cultural heritage they contain.

 NATURE

B13

Most of the land in National Parks is privately owned, but administered by an independent National Park Authority which works to balance the expectations of visitors with the need to conserve these open spaces for future generations.

 VISIT

B14

The UK also works to improve the global environment and has taken global warmingseriously ever since specialists discovered the hole in the ozone layer.

 SERIOUS

B15

In 1997, the UK subscribed to the Kyoto Protocol binding developed countries to reduce emissions of the six main greenhouse gases. The Protocol declares environmentalprotection.

 PROTECT

B16

Nowadays British scientists are taking part in one of the largest international projects that is undertaken to protect endangered species.

 SCIENCE

Тест №13 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Chicago from above

B11

Following a recent renovation, the new Hancock Observatory invites you to enjoy Chicago’s best views from the city’s highest open-air Skywalk. It has quickly gainedpopularity with both Chicagoans and visitors of the city.

 POPULAR

B12

Skywalk is Chicago’s highest open-air viewing area. It is 1,000 feet in the air! Everyone here can feel the strong wind and hear the dynamic buzz of the city below. The friendly staff willcertainly tell the real story behind Chicago’s “Windy City” nickname.

 CERTAIN

B13

For those who feel uncomfortable about such a great height there are more relaxing indoor audio Sky Tours.

 COMFORT

B14

These 30-minute personal audio tours give a unique “overview” of Chicago’s wonderful sights and remarkable history! Sky Tours are available in English, Spanish and German.

 REMARK

B15

History Wall is another popular attraction. More than 100 photos on a great 80-foot display show Chicago’s rise from a small settlement to a great city.

 ATTRACT

B16

As a tour guide I have been to the Skywalkcountless times and still I can’t help admiring it.

 COUNT

Тест №14 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Ray Bradbury

B11

Ray Douglas Bradbury is a US writer of fantasy, horror, science fiction and mystery. He is widely considered to be one of the 20thcentury’s greatest and most popular writers of science fiction.

 WIDE

B12

His works have been translated into more than 40 languages and have sold tens of millions of copies in different countries. His popularitycontinues in the 21st century.

 POPULAR

B13

During his long writing career, Bradbury has written almost 600 short stories, eleven novels, as well as various poems and plays.

 VARY

B14

He first became famous for his Martian Chronicles, a collection of short stories concerning colonization of the planet Mars. In it, Bradbury portrayed the strengths andweaknesses of human beings as they encountered a new world.

 WEAK

B15

Bradbury won countless literary awards, the most important of them coming from the National Institute of Arts and Letters.

 COUNT

B16

Millions of science fiction readers all over the world are grateful to Ray Bradbury for his outstanding achievement / achievements in the field of fantasy and science fiction.

 ACHIEVE

Тест №15 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Animals

B11

The importance of animals in British life is reflected in many ways. In the past, landowners liked to be portrayed with their dogs and horses. Countless pictures of this kind can be seen in art galleries and private residences.

 COUNT

B12

Animals are widely used in advertising in magazines and on television.

 WIDE

B13

The Royal Society for the prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) is one of the largest charities in Britain.

 PREVENT

B14

RSPCA is a part of a more generalmovementin support of animal rights that has emerged recently in Britain and the USA.

 MOVE

B15

Animal rights organizations use varioustactics: picketing stores that sell furs, harassing hunters in the wild, or breaking into laboratories to free animals.

 VARY

B16

Their main aim is to ban the cruel treatment and killing of animals both in laboratory experiments and in factory farming. The irresponsible and neglectful treatment of animals by some zoo and pet owners is also their concern.

 OWN

Тест №16 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Why do we sleep?

B11

A recent study may have an answer to one of the greatest unsolved mysteries in science — what is the purpose of sleep? The work suggests it’s really about making animals function more efficiently in their environments.

 REAL

B12

Scientists from the University of California, Los Angeles, conducted a study of the sleep times of a broad range of animals. They discovered much variation.

 SCIENCE

B13

You may think it impossible but some migrating birds canfly non-stop for up to 90 hours.

 POSSIBLE

B14

Pythons and bats are among the longestsleepers at over 18 hours a day.

 SLEEP

B15

Human babies need 16 hours and their health and intellectual development depend on sleeping properly.

 DEVELOP

B16

Most of us probably feel we need around eight hours sleep to function well. Some people have difficulty/difficulties in getting enough sleep and this may lead to serious health problems.

DIFFICULT

Тест №17 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Future population

B11

The United Nations (UN) has published its prediction about the size and age of the world’s population three hundred years from now. This report can help environmentalscientists and policy-makers to understand dramatic changes in the world’s population in the future.

 SCIENCE

B12

The report suggests that if the birth rates stay the same, there’ll be a huge expansion of theglobal population.

 GLOBE

B13

You may think it isimpossible but three centuries from now there may be over one hundred and thirty trillion people.

 POSSIBLE

B14

The report says that the world’s population is likely to be significantly older. The average age will be fifty while today it is twenty six.

SIGNIFICANT

B15

Almost a quarter of all the inhabitants of the planet will live in Africa.

 INHABIT

B16

Researchers think that India, China and the United States will continue to be countries with the biggest population.

 RESEARCH

Тест №18 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Invention of Potato Chips

B11

The potato chip was invented in 1853 by George Crum who was a chef at a restaurant in New York. Fried potatoes were popular at the restaurant because they were ratherinexpensive, but one day a visitor complained that the slices were too thick.

EXPENSIVE

B12

Crum made thinner slices, but the nervouscustomer was still dissatisfied.

NERVE

B13

Crum finally made fries that were too thin to eat with a fork, hoping to annoy theextremely difficult customer.

EXTREME

B14

But the customer was happy — and that was the invention of potato chips!

INVENT

B15

Industrial manufacturing of potato chips began in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1895.

INDUSTRY

B16

The chips gained even more popularity in 1926 when a wax paper potato chip bag was invented that helped to keep them fresh and crisp.

POPULAR

Тест №19 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Tourism in Australia

B11

The growth of tourism infrastructure related to the base of Ayers Rock, or Uluru began in the 1950s. Soon it started to produce adverse environmental impacts.

ENVIRONMENT

B12

It was decided in the early 1970s to remove all accommodation-related tourist facilities and re-establish them outside the park. In 1975, a reservation of 104 square kilometres of land beyond the park’s northern boundary was chosen as the site for a new resort.

RESERVE

B13

A year or two later, the development of a tourist facility and an associated airport, to be known as Yulara started.

DEVELOP

B14

The camp ground within the park was closed in 1983 and the motels closed in late 1984, coinciding with the opening of the luxurious resort. In 1992, the majority interest in the Yulara resort held by the Northern Territory government/governorwas sold and the resort was renamed Ayers Rock Resort.

GOVERN

B15

Since listing the park as a World Heritage Site, the annual number of visitors rose to over 400,000 people by the year 2000.

VISIT

B16

Increased tourism provides regional and national economic benefits. It also presents an ongoing challenge to balance conservation of cultural values and tourists’ needs.

CULTURE

Тест №20 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

The World’s Language

B11

The English language is famous for the richness of its vocabulary. Webster’s New International Dictionary lists 450,000 words, and the new Oxford English Dictionary has 615,000, but that is only part of the total. Technical and scientists terms would add millions more.

SCIENCE

B12

The wealth of existing synonyms means thatspeakers of English have two words for something denoted by one word in a different language. The French, for instance, do not distinguish between house and home, between mind and brain. The Spanish cannot differentiate a chairman from a president.

SPEAK

B13

In Russia, there are no native words for efficiency, challenge and engagement ring. Of course, every language has areas in which it needs, for practical purposes, to be more expressive than others.

PRACTICE

B14

The Eskimos have fifty words for types of snow, though there is no word for just plain snow. Naturally, African languages have no native word for snow.

NATURAL

B15

Nowadays, globalization influences thedevelopment of languages.

DEVELOP

B16

Some native words disappear, giving way to international terms.

APPEAR

Тест №21 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

Entertaining guests

B11

The most usual way to entertain friends at home is to invite them for a meal, either in the evening or at lunch-time on a Sunday. When guests are invited for a meal, they often sit and chat while they have a drink before the meal, and coffee is usually served afterwards.

USUAL

B12

Several close friends are sometimes invited at once to make a small party to celebrate a birthday, a child’s coming of age or some special achievement/achievements.

ACHIEVE

B13

These parties are almost always informal, there is no dress code and in summer, when the weather is fine, people may hold a barbecue in the garden.

FORMAL

B14

Formal occasions, official receptions for foreign visitors, when written invitations are sent, rarely take place in people’s homes, although they did in the past.

INVITE

B15

The host often provides various kinds of entertainment, or at least entertains guests with interesting stories and merry jokes.

VARY

B16

The tasty meal is often followed by party games or dances which are intended to amuse or interest people in a way that gives them pleasure and make them enjoy the party.

TASTE

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В11 – B16, однокоренные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В11 – В16.

Раздел 1. АУДИРОВАНИЕ

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A—F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1—7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

2

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А—G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

A The Armoury is situated near the Kremlin.

B Originally the Kremlin was wooden.

C New walls and towers of red brick were built in the 15th century.

D The Trinity Gate leads to Red Square.

E The monument to Minin and Pozharsky is the oldest in Moscow.

F The monument to Alexander Pushkin is not far from the monument to Yuri Dolgoruky.

G You can watch ballets in the Maly Theatre.

Утверждение

Соответствие диалогу

Вы услышите интервью с автором детективных романов. В заданиях 3—9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

3

Which benefit of trees has not been mentioned by the speaker?
1) Protection from flooding.
2) Protection from the sun’s rays.
3) Protection from precipitation.
Ответ: .

4

The smell of pines in the forest is the result of trees releasing

1) oxygen.

2) carbon dioxide.

3) other gasses.

Ответ: .

5

Scientists want to study how
1) gasses are released by trees into the atmosphere.
2) organic compounds form tiny particles.
3) these particles influence the climate.
Ответ: .

6

Cloud droplets are unable to

1) absorb solar radiation.

2) reflect solar radiation.

3) scatter solar radiation.

Ответ: .

7

According to scientists, cloud droplets influence

1) the size of the cloud.

2) the colour of the cloud.

3) the movement of the cloud.

Ответ: .

8

The actual formation of the clouds is governed
1) only by the formation of cloud droplets.
2) primarily by the formation of cloud droplets.
3) by several different processes.
Ответ: .

9

A new way of addressing the problem of global warming is by reducing the amount of
1) greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere.
2) the sun’s radiation getting through the atmosphere.
3) the sun’s radiation reflected by the clouds.
Ответ: .

Раздел 2. ЧТЕНИЕ

10

Установите соответствие между заголовками 1—8 и текстами A—G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. Exotic Pets
2. Going Back in Time
3. Small Screen Addiction
4. Body Language

5. Massive Destruction
6. Buried Treasure
7. Reason for Extinction
8. Intelligent Enemies

A. The VLT (Very Large Telescope) is the world’s largest telescope and it is taking scientists further back to the Big Bang than they ever thought possible. In other words, the VLT is a kind of a time machine, giving astronomers detailed views of events that took place in the earliest days of the cosmos. One day, we will have a much clearer picture of how our planet was born.

B. The latest development in the debate amongst scientists about what killed the prehistoric dinosaurs is the suggestion that acid rain was the cause. Some geologists suggest that a large meteor hitting the earth at 65 kilometres per second would have led to strongly acidic rain falling all over the world. This idea is fascinating but it would mean the dinosaurs would all have died within a very short time.

C. In 1948, a British farmer discovered an interesting lump of metal while ploughing his field. At first he thought the metal bits were parts of an old bed. Then more ‘parts of old beds’ turned up and the farmer took them to the local museum. ‘But these bits are priceless!’ exclaimed the keeper of the museum. ‘They are Iron Age jewellery and coins!’ Over the next 40 years, more and more items were found in the same field.

D. Rats may have had a bit of a hard time over the years but these days lots of people are forgetting about guinea-pigs and hamsters and are buying rats instead. Domestic rats aren’t the same as the ones that run around rubbish bins — they’re actually quite cute. They are very intelligent and can be trained like dogs. They come in different colours and — a big bonus — they will eat anything!

E. In Western cultures, people look each other in the eye during a conversation to show interest and trust, but in many Asian countries, it’s rude to look people in the eye, especially a superior such as a teacher. One of the most basic and powerful signals is when a person crosses his or her arms across the chest. This can indicate that a person is putting up an unconscious barrier between themselves and others.

F. Earthquakes happen all the time in all parts of the world but we don’t notice most of them because they are small. However, big earthquakes are really dangerous. They can make buildings fall down, set off landslides and do other deadly things. The highest death toll caused by an earthquake was in China in 1556, when at least 830,000 people died.

G. According to scientists, Americans watch more TV on average than any other nationality. In fact, many people, particularly children, sit for 35 hours or more per week glued to the box. What’s wrong with watching all that TV? Studies have linked it to everything from obesity to aggression in children not to mention that it puts your mind into a sort of sedated state. Habitual television watching, over long periods of time, has been known to cause depression, and anger.

11

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A—F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

The Man Booker Prize for Fiction is awarded every year for the best original full-length novel written by a writer from the Commonwealth or the Republic of Ireland. It aims to represent the greatest in contemporary literature and promotes the finest in fiction by rewarding the best book of the year. The prize was originally called the Booker-McConnell Prize, A ____________. However, it was better-known as simply the ‘Booker Prize’. In 2002, the Man Group became the sponsor and they chose the new name, keeping ‘Booker’.

Publishers can submit books for consideration for the prize, but the judges can also ask for books to be submitted B ____________. Firstly, the Advisory Committee gives advice if there have been any changes to the rules for the prize. Then it selects the people C ____________. The judging panel changes every year and usually a person is only a judge once.

Great efforts are made to ensure that the judging panel is balanced in terms of gender and professions within the industry. A writer, a critic, an editor and an academic are chosen along with a well-known person from wider society. However, when the panel of judges has been finalized, they are left to make their own decisions D ____________. The Man Booker judges include critics, writers and academics E ____________. The influence of the prize is so great that the winner will almost certainly see the considerable sales increase, in addition to the £50,000 F ____________. In 1992, a Booker Russian Novel Prize was introduced.

  1. without any further interference from the prize sponsor
  2. so as to maintain the consistent quality of the prize
  3. who will judge the books
  4. so as to sell them
  5. which was the name of the company that sponsored it
  6. that comes with the prize
  7. they think should be included

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

‘Have you written a letter to the Froplinsons?’ asked Egbert.

‘No,’ said Janetta, with a note of tired defiance in her voice; ‘I’ve written eleven letters today expressing surprise and gratitude for sundry unmerited gifts, but I haven’t written to the Froplinsons yet.’

‘Someone will have to do it,’ said Egbert.

‘I don’t dispute the necessity, but I don’t think that someone should be me,’ said Janetta. ‘I wouldn’t mind writing a letter of angry recrimination or heartless satire to some suitable recipient. In fact, I should rather enjoy it, but I’ve come to the end of my capacity for expressing servile amiability. Eleven letters today and nine yesterday, all couched in the same strain of ecstatic thankfulness: really, you can’t expect me to sit down to another. There is such a thing as writing oneself out.’

‘I’ve written nearly as many,’ said Egbert, ‘and I’ve had my usual business correspondence to get through, too. Besides, I don’t know what it was that the Froplinsons sent us.’ ‘A William the Conqueror calendar,’ said Janetta, ‘with a quotation of one of his great thoughts for every day in the year.’

‘Impossible,’ said Egbert; ‘he didn’t have three hundred and sixty-five thoughts in the whole of his life, or, if he did, he kept them to himself.’

‘Well, it was William Wordsworth, then,’ said Janetta; ‘I know William came into it somewhere.’

‘That sounds more probable,’ said Egbert; ‘well, let’s collaborate on this letter and get it done. I’ll dictate, and you can scribble it down. ‘Dear Mrs. Froplinson, thank you and your husband so much for the very pretty calendar you sent us. It was very good of you to think of us.’ ’

‘You can’t possibly say that,’ said Janetta, laying down her pen. ‘We sent them something on the twenty-second,’ said Janetta, ‘so they simply had to think of us. There was no getting away from it.’

‘What did we send them?’ asked Egbert gloomily.

‘Bridge-markers,’ said Janetta, ‘in a cardboard case, with some inanity about ‘digging for fortune with a royal spade’ emblazoned on the cover. The moment I saw it in the shop I said to myself ‘Froplinsons’ and to the attendant ‘How much?’ When he said ‘Ninepence,’ I gave him their address, jabbed our card in, paid tenpence or elevenpence to cover the postage, and thanked heaven. With less sincerity and infinitely more trouble they eventually thanked me.’

‘The Froplinsons don’t play bridge,’ said Egbert.

‘One is not supposed to notice social deformities of that sort,’ said Janetta; ‘it wouldn’t be polite. Besides, what trouble did they take to find out whether we read Wordsworth with gladness? For all they knew or cared we might be frantically embedded in the belief that all poetry begins and ends with John Masefield, and it might infuriate or depress us to have a daily sample of Wordsworthian products flung at us.’

‘Well, let’s get on with the letter,’ said Egbert. ‘How clever of you to guess that Wordsworth is our favourite poet.’

Again Janetta laid down her pen.

‘Do you realise what that means?’ she asked; ‘a Wordsworth booklet next Christmas, and another calendar the Christmas after, with the same problem of having to write suitable letters of thankfulness. No, the best thing to do is to drop all further allusion to the calendar and switch off on to some other topic.’

‘But what other topic?’

‘Oh, something like this: ‘What do you think of the New Year Honours List? A friend of ours made such a clever remark when he read it.’ Then you can stick in any remark that comes into your head; it needn’t be clever. The Froplinsons won’t know whether it is or isn’t.’

‘We don’t even know on which side they are in politics,’ objected Egbert; ‘and anyhow you can’t suddenly dismiss the subject of the calendar. Surely there must be some intelligent remark that can be made about it.’

‘Well, we can’t think of one,’ said Janetta wearily; ‘the fact is, we’ve both written ourselves out.’

There was a long silence, the forlorn silence of those who are bereft of hope and have almost ceased to care. Then Egbert started from his seat with an air of resolution. The light of battle was in his eyes.

‘Let me come to the writing-table,’ he exclaimed; ‘I’m going to write to the editor of every enlightened and influential newspaper in the Kingdom, I’m going to suggest that there should be a sort of epistolary Truce of God during the festivities of Christmas and New Year. From the twenty-fourth of December to the third or fourth of January it shall be considered an offence against good sense and good feeling to write or expect any letter or communication that does not deal with the necessary events of the moment. Answers to invitations, arrangements about trains, renewal of club subscriptions, and, of course, all the ordinary everyday affairs of business, sickness, engaging new cooks, and so forth, these will be dealt with in the usual manner as something inevitable. But all the devastating accretions of correspondence, incident to the festive season, these should be swept away to give the season a chance of being really festive.’

‘But you would have to make some acknowledgment of presents received,’ objected Janetta; ‘otherwise people would never know whether they had arrived safely.’

‘Of course, I have thought of that,’ said Egbert; ‘every present that was sent off would be accompanied by a ticket bearing the date of dispatch and the signature of the sender, and some conventional hieroglyphic to show that it was intended to be a Christmas or New Year gift; there would be a counterfoil with space for the recipient’s name and the date of arrival, and all you would have to do would be to sign and date the counterfoil, add a conventional hieroglyphic indicating heartfelt thanks and gratified surprise, put the thing into an envelope and post it.’

‘It sounds delightfully simple,’ said Janetta wistfully, ‘but people would consider it too perfunctory.’

‘It is not a bit more perfunctory than the present system,’ said Egbert; ‘I have only the same conventional language of gratitude at my disposal with which to thank dear old Colonel Chuttle for his perfectly delicious Stilton, which we shall devour to the last morsel, and the Froplinsons for their calendar, which we shall never look at. So you see the present system of acknowledgment is just as perfunctory and conventional as the counterfoil business would be, only ten times more tiresome and brain-racking.’

‘Your plan would certainly bring the idea of a Happy Christmas a step nearer realisation,’ said Janetta. ‘Meanwhile, what am I to say to the Froplinsons?’

(Adapted from ‘Down Pens’ by H. H. Munro)

12

Egbert and Janetta were writing

1) application letters.
2) thank-you letters.

3) letters of recrimination.
4) letters of complaint.

Ответ: .

13

Egbert and Janetta didn’t want to write a letter to the Froplinsons because they
1) had both written themselves out.
2) didn’t like this couple.
3) didn’t know what the Froplinsons had sent them.
4) had a lot of work to do.
Ответ: .

14

Janetta liked her present to the Froplinsons because it was

1) expensive and useless.
2) cheap and useless.

3) expensive and useful.
4) cheap and useful.

Ответ: .

15

Janetta didn’t want to mention that Wordsworth was their favourite poet because
1) she actually didn’t like his poems.
2) her favourite poet was John Masefield.
3) the Froplinsons would send them new Wordsworth-related presents.
4) she didn’t want the Froplinsons to know the truth.
Ответ: .

16

Janetta considered the Froplisons to be

1) stupid.

2) clever.

3) kind.

4) mean.

Ответ: .

17

Egbert suggested that at Christmas people should
1) stop writing letters at all.
2) put off all the everyday affairs of business.
3) not make any acknowledgment of received presents.
4) send counterfoils instead of thank-you letters.
Ответ: .

18

Janetta considered a new system

1) absolutely impossible.
2) too perfunctory.

3) easy to implement.
4) totally unacceptable.

Ответ: .

Раздел 3. ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19—25.

Обратите внимание, что по правилам ЕГЭ ответы нужно писать без пробелов и других знаков, например, правильный ответ ‘have done’ нужно будет записать как ‘havedone’, иначе ваш ответ не засчитается.

Swimming Pools

19

The first heated swimming pool by Gaius Maecenas of Rome in the first century BC.

CON-
STRUCT

20

Swimming pools became popular in Britain in the beginning of the 19th century. By 1837, London authorities six indoor pools with diving boards.

BUILD

21

The surviving swimming club in the world is the Arlington Baths Club in Glasgow. It is still an active club and continues to own its original Victorian building with a large pool.

OLD

22

After the start of modern Olympic Games in 1896, the popularity of swimming pools off. Nowadays there are lots of different swimming pools, both public and private.

TAKE

23

Most enjoy swimming and swimming pools with their wave-making machines, water slides and tropical vegetation are something unique for them.

CHILD

24

If they could, kids to spend their entire summer in the swimming pool.

CHOOSE

25

However, not everyone their own backyard pool.

HAVE

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26—31, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26—31.

Waste Management

26

Waste affects our environment — everything that surrounds us including the air, water, land, plants, and man-made things. We need a healthy environment for our own health and .

HAPPY

27

The waste we create has to be controlled to be sure that it does not harm our environment and our health.

CAREFUL

28

So waste management is very important.

EFFECT

29

Waste reduction and recycling have a wide range of environmental benefits and promote public awareness and personal for the waste we create.

RESPON-
SIBLE

30

The best place to start making a is our home. Learn how you can reduce, reuse, and recycle materials to decrease household waste.

DIFFER

31

If we recycle what we can’t use any more, we save resources because the materials replace some of the natural resources including water and energy, which we use to make new products.

RECYCLE

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32—38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32—38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Globalization and Communication Growth

The 21st century has 32____ in a new era in man’s ongoing quest for a better life and a better world. For the first time in history, we can now claim to live in ‘One World.’ Globalization has removed many of the gaps that have existed between and among nations. While the physical divide is still present, the 33____ of the Information Highway on how we communicate and live in the present day is simply staggering. Rapid improvements in information technology have allowed us to exchange information and communicate almost everywhere, anywhere, and anytime.

Globalization, as a general term, is best understood as the spread of ideas about the environment, democracy, human rights, and less complicated issues like fashion and fads. Global exchange is now taking place as the market of ideas, culture, and beliefs expand through the use of technology. The nature of business and how it is done has also improved by 34____ and bounds because of globalization.

An example of the remarkable effects of globalization is the invention of the telephone and the television. Television has enabled young people and adults to have the ability to share cultural and ethnic experiences with others. Telephones have also greatly improved communication. Gone are the weeks and even months of waiting for a letter. Anybody can talk to anyone who has another phone 35____ of distance or location on the planet. With the aid of satellites, 3rd generation phones allow us to make a phone call, send a video, or even receive an e-mail. These 36____ in communication have revolutionized business, commerce, and even the personal lives and relationships of millions of people.

Because of the electronic media, vast amounts of important information can reach any parts of the globe in 37____ time. Business establishments, whether big or small, are using the Internet in many ways to build or expand their company’s growth. With the ever improving technology come new markets, high 38____ for products, and also greater competition. Making investments in information and communication technology is now a must for any business enterprise.

32

1) started

2) began

3) ushered

4) launched

Ответ: .

33

1) cause

2) impact

3) consequences

4) result

Ответ: .

34

1) bonds

2) gaps

3) jumps

4) leaps

Ответ: .

35

1) regardless

2) despite

3) notwithstanding

4) because

Ответ: .

36

1) breakbeats

2) breakdowns

3) breakouts

4) breakthroughs

Ответ: .

37

1) any

2) no

3) none of

4) some

Ответ: .

38

1) access

2) claim

3) demand

4) rise

Ответ: .

Ваш результат: пока 0.

Далее вы можете набрать еще 40 баллов. Автоматически это проверить нельзя, поэтому сделайте реалистичный прогноз о том, сколько бы вы смогли набрать баллов, и получите ваш итоговый результат ЕГЭ.

Если возник вопрос по ответу, в котором вы ошиблись, можете задать его в комментариях.

Раздел 4. ПИСЬМО

Для ответов на задания 39 и 40 используйте бланк ответов № 2. Черновые пометки можно делать прямо на листе с заданиями, или можно использовать отдельный черновик. При выполнении заданий 39 и 40 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ № 2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются. Запишите сначала номер задания (39, 40), а затем ответ на него. Если одной стороны бланка недостаточно, Вы можете использовать другую его сторону.

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Jessica who writes:

… By the way, we are doing a project at college on the fashion industry in different countries. It would be nice if you could tell me what clothes are popular with teenagers in Russia. Do you have any special fashion for teens? What kind of clothes do you prefer? Why?

Write a letter to Jessica.
In your letter
— answer her questions
— ask 3 questions about her tastes in clothes
Write 100 — 140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.

За это задание вы можете получить 6 баллов максимум.

Comment on the following statement.

Lots of people enjoy celebrating holidays. However, for some people a holiday is just a day off.

What is your attitude to celebrations? Which way of celebrating holidays do you find more enjoyable?

Write 200 — 250 words.

— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position

За это задание вы можете получить 14 баллов максимум.

Раздел 5. ГОВОРЕНИЕ

— За 1,5 минуты нужно подготовиться и в следующие 1,5 минуты выразительно прочитать текст вслух — 1 балл.
— Составление 5 вопросов на основе ключевых слов. На подготовку отводится 1,5 минуты, затем каждый вопрос надо сформулировать в течение 20 секунд — 5 баллов.
— 3 фотографии. Нужно выбрать 1 и описать ее по предложенному тут же в задании плану за 3,5 минуты — 7 баллов.
— 2 картинки. Нужно сравнить их, описать сходства и различия, объяснить, почему выбранная тематика близка выпускнику, за 3,5 минуты — 7 баллов.

Источник

Scottish Inventions:
A Legacy of household names

Scottish inventions, there are quite a few of them. In every
possible area from sports to medicine, including some of our most commonly used
appliances – the Scot inventors have left their mark. The number of inventions that can be
attributed to Scots is especially impressive when you think that the Scottish
population has always been quite small – just a few millions. Let’s take a look
at some of the most common inventions, which most of us use everyday, and have
their origins in a Scottish invention.

Scottish
inventions #1 — Refrigerator

One of the most important contributions of the Scots to the world
is the refrigerator. If James Harrison (1816 – 1893), a Scottish immigrant to
Australia, didn’t accidentally push ether gas into a metal tube, people might
still be using boxes filled with blocks of ice to cool their food.

The problem he was dealing with? How to overcome the need for ice,
in the refrigeration process? The task of acquiring ice in itself was quite
frustrating and meant hard work. Ice had to be cut fresh from frozen lakes and stored
inside an underground house until it was ready to be used as a cooler. Australians
had difficulty gaining access to natural ice since Australia does not enjoy
that many lakes.

Harrison came up with a method to force ether gas through a tube,
make it into a liquid reduce its temperature in the process. The liquid was
then passed through specific coils and vaporised anew – which as a result made
the air around it cooler – safeguarding food.

His discovery was beneficial the world over, but especially made a
huge difference to his new adopting country — Australia. It meant food could
now be transferred in ships across the world and would survive the long journey
without going bad. This was Harrison’s original incentive of his development –
allowing Australia to market its sheep and cattle to Europe. He even tried one
such journey to Europe – but the ether has leaked during the voyage and ruined
the entire cargo. Harrison went bankrupt but his legacy meant a huge difference
to the Australian economy.

Scottish
inventions #2 — Television

Also one of the most commonly used Scottish inventions today is the television. It was invented by
John Logie Baird in 1922, both in black and white, and in color. Even if the invention
of the television is the result of inventive work by many inventors (link in
site: inventions by kids ), Baird made one of the major advances in the field. He
is the first one to produce a moving picture, to broadcast images across the
Atlantic, to broadcast in color, and to set-up the first television show, which
was aired on BBC. Baird’s television is a product of heavy brainstorming,
research, and experimentation. Most of his contemporaries failed while trying
to achieve goals similar to his.

A more practical method, using cathode ray tubes, used in modern
day televisions, replaced Baird’s in the 1930’s. This method was outlined by
another Scot, Alan Campbell-Swinton.

Scottish
inventions #3 — Telephone

A great example of an invention that came to be, while focusing on
something else entirely, Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone, in an
attempt to build a hearing device to aid the hard of hearing and deaf. Bell is very well known for receiving a patent
for the invention of the first telephone in 1876, but not many people know
about his life passion –aiding the deaf. Both Bell’s mother and wife were deaf.
Through his experience for facilitating the transfer of sound he started
developing the acoustic telegraph – which eventually evolved into the first
telephone.

Bell’s story is a great example of how following one’s passion and
interest can lead to great breakthroughs. Bell’s passion of teaching the deaf, the
deaf-mute and the blind continued. Helen Keller was among his students.

John Shepherd Barron, the son of Scot parents, lost sleep over the
fact that he wasn’t able to access his own money, anywhere in the world. His
breakthrough moment came about in the bath when he realised “if a machine could
dispense chocolate, why not money?” He went on to invent the first cash
dispensing machine prototype that was actually tested, in 1967. His invention would dispense £10 if a four-digit
personal identification number was keyed in. Instead of plastic cards, the user
had to ‘scan’ in a paper cheque imprinted with a mildly radioactive chemical. His
machine, a predecessor of the present day ATM, was first used at a London
branch of Barclays Bank.

Scottish
inventions #5 — Fax Machine

Moving our view from the home to the office, a device that helped
a lot of individuals and businesses alike in saving time and money sending out
correspondence is the fax machine. The fax machine that we know today is
electronic, but the original technology was first invented in the 19th
century by a Scottish blacksmith: Alexander Bain.

In 1843, he even received a patent for his
invention. His concept of a fax machine used clock mechanism parts combined
with a fax machine, to scan a metal surface for images and transfer them
through a telegraph: the very first fax machine.

Scottish
inventions #6 —
Bicycle

Villagers thought of Kirkpatrick MacMillan as mad since he was
obsessed with what he called his “velocipede”, the first rear-wheel-drive
bicycle world-wide. Back in 1842, his invention was referred to as “Daft Pate”
by the locals, but it is considered by many, the first prototype of the bicycle
we still use today.

In 1842, he went on
his first long journey, from his home to Glasgow –almost 70 miles, travelled on
his invention. Upon arrival he lightly injured a pedestrian and was fined 5
shillings – but in the process, made it into the history books as a proper inventor.

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