Since opening in march 2000 the london eye has become егэ ответы

All about London Eye

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The Eye has done for London what the Eiffel Tower did for Paris, which is to give it a symbol and to let people climb above the city and look back down on it.

Sir Richard Rogers

What do you know about this Ferries wheel? Where is situated? How many awards did it win? I suppose, we know nothing about The Eye. In this thesis, I shall investigate the history of the London Eye.

It is timely subject, because in my student’s book, we can find only some facts about London streets and museums, but nothing about The Wheel. This is one of the points, that strongly motivate my work dedicated to the London Eye.

The aim of research is to find interesting and unique facts about this Wheel and convey this information to my classmates.

The goal is to find several magazines and newspapers with article about the London Eye and to search facts through the internet.

It is a well-known fact, that the London Eye is a 135-metre (443 ft) tall giant Ferris wheel situated on the banks of the River Thames, in London, England.

It is the tallest Ferris wheel in Europe, and the most popular paid tourist attraction in the United Kingdom, visited by over 3.5 million people annually. When erected in 1999, it was the tallest Ferris wheel in the world, until surpassed first by the 160 m (520 ft) Star of Nanchang in 2006, and then the 165 m (541 ft) Singapore Flyer in 2008. It is still described by its operators as «the world’s tallest cantilevered observation wheel» (as the wheel is supported by an A-frame on one side only, unlike the Nanchang and Singapore wheels).

Commonly known as the London Eye, or Millennium Wheel, formerly the Merlin Entertainments London Eye and before that, the British Airways London Eye. Since 20 January 2011, it has been officially known as the EDF Energy London Eye following a three-year sponsorship deal.

The London Eye is located at the western end of Jubilee Gardens, on the South Bank of the River Thames in the London Borough of Lambeth, between Westminster Bridge and Hungerford Bridge. The site is adjacent to that of the former Dome of Discovery, which was built for the Festival of Britain in 1951. Near is London underground station Waterloo, Jubilee Line, Northern Line and Bakerloo Line, Zone 1.

At 394 feet in diameter, you can see twenty-five miles in any direction from the Eye’s capsules. Many famous landmarks are clearly visible, including Buckingham Palace, St. Paul’s Cathedral and the Houses of Parliament. On a clear day you can see as far as 40 km (25 miles).

Technical facts

Construction of the observation wheel took more than a year and a half to complete. In the process over 1700 tonnes of steel were used for the structure and more than 3000 tonnes of concrete were used for the foundations.

The wheel was constructed in sections which were floated up the river Thames on barges and assembled lying flat on pontoons. Once the wheel was complete it was raised into its upright position by cranes, initially being lifted at a rate of about 2 degrees per hour until it reached 65 degrees.

The futuristic looking capsules, were transported all the way from France by train through the tunnel. Each egg-shaped capsule is eight meters long and weighs five hundred kilograms. The twenty-five meter (82 ft) long spindle was built in the Czech Republic. The rim has a diameter of 122m (400ft), about two hundred times the size of a bicycle wheel. Eighty spokes connect the rim with the spindle.

About capsules

There are thirty-two capsules on the London Eye, which is one for each London borough. For superstitious reasons, they’re actually numbered 1-33 (since they skip number 13). Each capsule weights as much as 1,052,631 pound coins.

The wheel’s air-conditioned ovoidal passenger capsules, designed and supplied by Leitner-Poma, are attached to the external circumference of the wheel and rotated by electric motors. Each capsule represents one of the London Boroughs. Each weighs 10 tonnes and each capsule holds approximately 25 people, who are free to walk around inside the capsule, though seating is also provided. It rotates at 26 cm (10 in) per second (about 0.9 km/h (0.5mph) so that one revolution takes about 30 minutes.

It does not usually stop to take on passengers; the rotation rate is slow enough to allow passengers to walk on and off the moving capsules at ground level. It is, however, stopped to allow disabled or elderly passengers time to embark and disembark safely.

A photograph of passengers in the capsule is taken automatically as they approach the end of the flight.

As a very special treat for couples, the London Eye is kept open on the night of Valentine’s Day so that couples can take advantage of its romantic views.

You can host a group of your friends or colleagues on the London Eye in your own private capsule overlooking the entirety of London.

Another thing that most people don’t know is 4-D film, which is an add-on when you buy London Eye tickets. This film shows 3-D movies with some real effects and you feel an actual part of them.

History

The structure of The London Eye was designed by the architectural team of David Marks and Julia Barfield, husband and wife. They submitted their idea for a large observation wheel as part of a competition to design a landmark for the new millennium.

None of the entrants won the competition, but the couple pressed on and eventually got the backing of British Airways, who sponsored the project.

The London Eye was formally opened by the then Prime Minister, Tony Blair, on 31 December 1999, although it was not opened to the public until 9 March 2000 because of technical problems. Since its opening, the Eye has become a major landmark and tourist attraction. This wheel officially became known as the EDF Energy London Eye as a result of the three-year sponsorship in January 2011.

Since 1 January 2005, the Eye has been the focal point of London’s New Year celebrations, with 10-minute displays taking place involving fireworks fired from the wheel itself.

In 2006 the Tussauds Group bought out the other two joint owners, British Airways and the Marks Barfield family (the lead architects). Following Merlin Entertainments’ purchase of the Tussauds Group in 2007, it now owns 100% of the Eye. British Airways continued its brand association, but from the beginning of 2008 the name ‘British Airways’ was dropped from the logo.

For twelve years, from 2000-2012, the London Eye won thirty awards in such categories as best ride, best attraction, design, experience, and so on.

On 12 August 2009 the London Eye saw another re-brand, this time calling it «The Merlin Entertainments London Eye» to show Merlin Entertainments’ ownership. A new logo was designed for the attraction – this time taking the actual form of an eye made out of London’s famous landmarks. This also came at the time when the new Merlin Entertainments London Eye 4D Experience pre-flight show was launched underneath the ticket centre in County Hall.

Local Icon

Since 1 January 2005, the Eye has been the focal point of London’s New Year celebrations, with 10-minute fireworks displays taking place involving fireworks fired from the wheel itself.

T he Eye has certainly made itself culturally identifiable with London. It is a focal point for the city’s New Year’s fireworks display. It was lit up red, white, and blue for the marriage of Prince William and Kate Middleton. In 2005, it was lit pink to celebrate the first civil partnership performed on the attraction. It also features prominently in many TV programmes and films, including having a major role in the first episode of Doctor Who’s modern era.

By July 2002, roughly 8.5 million people had ridden the Eye.

During the bidding process of the 2012 Olympic Games, the London bid organisers announced the Olympic emblem would be attached to the Eye for the duration of the 2012 Summer Olympics.

On 5 June 2008 it was announced that 30 million had ridden the London Eye since its opening in March 2000.

Every year, around three and a half million people, including tourists and London residents, go on the London Eye. It means the London Eye receives more visitors than the Great Pyramids of Giza or the Taj Mahal in India.

General information

Opening hours

London eye is open in Winters (October to May) from 10 AM to 8 PM every day, including weekends. While in Summers (June to September), it is open for visitors from 10 AM to 9 PM every day.

Tickets

London Eye offers a range of tickets including fast track, flexi fast track, standard ticket, flexi standard ticket and day and night experience. The prices of these tickets vary. So it is suggested to visit London Eye’s website, or you can call their helpline for further ticket information.

Conclusion

This Ferris wheel is a famous attraction around the world. In fact, many people will ask tourists whether or not they went on the Eye. The Eye gives tourists views of London that they would not get elsewhere.

In my research I found a lot of information about this landmark. First of all I reported to my classmates about the Eye. My report has gained interest among pupils. I think, the aim of my research had been achieved.

Drawing visitors from all over the world, the wheel has transformed London’s landscape and stands today as a national symbol. People write an enthusiastic reviews about the Eye.

In conclusion, I can say that although I have never been in London, but I hope to visit the London Eye.

Bibliography

https://www.londoneye.com

https://londontopia.net/travel/

http://www.projectbritain.com/london/

http://www.aviewoncities.com/london/londoneye.htm

https://www.visitlondon.com/

https://www.timeout.com/london/things-to-do/london-eye

http://greatlondon.ru/the-london-eye/

http://www.ilovejourneys.com/top-10-facts-about-the-london-eye/

https://www.thetimes.co.uk/

https://www.culturecalling.com/

https://www.londonplanner.com/attraction/coca-cola-london-eye

London Planner. London: Morris Visitor Publications, March 2017 – 100c

Просмотров работы: 125

Практическая работа № 5

Предмет: Английский язык
Тема: История моего имени
Класс: 7

Предметные результаты:

1. Выбрать наиболее подходящий заголовок к тексту.
   a)The name of the computer b)The names children dislike c)Unusual names

Характеристика учебного задания
Компетентностная область	Объект оценки (знание, умение)	Уровень сложности задания (низкий, средний, высокий)	Тип учебно-познавательной задачи	Система оценивания (критерии)
Социокультурная	Умение находить ключевые фразы	Средний уровень	Перед ребятами стоит задача найти правильный заголовок — поисковый тип (ВО — выбор ответа )	Заголовок выбран верно – 3 балла

1. Заменить подчеркивания в тексте соответствующим временем

8:00 07:45 06:40 07:20 07:05 06:30

Robert gets up at _______every morning. At ________ he dresses and does morning exercises. At _______ the boy washes his hands and face, cleans his teeth and makes his bed. Mike usually has breakfast ________. Lessons start at ________ a.m., so he leaves for school at _______

Характеристики
Компетентностная область	Объект оценки (знание, умение)	Уровень сложности задания (низкий, средний, высокий)	Тип учебно-познавательной задачи (стандартная, обучающая, поисковая, проблемная, креативная)	Система оценивания (критерии)
Теоретическое мышление	Умение построить распорядок дня	Низкий	Стандартный тип работы (ВО — выбор ответа)	5 баллов– 6 или 5 правильных ответов 4 балла — 4 правильных ответа 3 балла- 3 правильных ответа 2 балла– выполнено 2 или задание не выполнено совсем

Предмет: Английский язык
Тема: Грамматика(части речи)
Класс: 7

3. Заполните таблицу используя текст, найдите как можно больше слов

NOUNS	VERBS	PREPOSITIONS
Robert,…	Gets,…	Up,…

Характеристики
Компетентностная область	Объект оценки	Уровень сложности задания	Тип учебно-познавательной задачи	Система оценивания
Работа с таблицами	Знание частей речи и умение их отличать	Повышенный	Поисковая (РО – развернутый ответ)	3 балла, за максимальное кол-во слов (по 5 в каждом столбце)

Метапредметные результаты:

Предмет: Английский язык
Тема: Хобби
Класс: 8

4. Установить логическую последовательность основных фактов
Val’s hobbies
I‘m Jack Wilson, a pupil from London. My friend Val is a university student now. He is older than me but we are true friends. Val often helps me with my problems and teaches me to do a lot of useful things.
Val has got a lot of hobbies. He likes collecting different things. When he was at school, he collected stamps, coins and badges. He kept them in big albums and was very proud of them. Once he brought them to school and we could see them all. His collections became famous in our school.
But Val stopped collecting stamps and badges last year. He took up photography. He says pictures are easy to take and it’s fun to take them. Some of his photos are very good, some are unsuccessful. Val is learning and I know soon he’ll be one of the best photographers in his university.

1) Last year Val stopped collecting and began taking pictures.
2) Val often helps Jack.
3) Jack and Val are friends.
4) He is really fond of photography.
5) He showed his collections to his classmates when he was a pupil.
6) Val likes collecting.

Характеристики
Компетентностная область	Объект оценки (знание, умение)	Уровень сложности задания (низкий, средний, высокий)	Тип учебно-познавательной задачи	Система оценивания (критерии)
Рефлексивная	Умение обобщить свои знания	Повышенный	Умение работать с информацией, анализировать текстовую, информацию в соответствии с учебной задачей. (РО – развернутый ответ)	5 баллов – последовательность выполнена, верно 4 балла – 1 ошибка в последовательности 3 балла – 2,3 ошибки в последовательности 2 балла – 3,4 ошибки в последовательности

5. Опиши свое любимое животное

Предмет: Английский язык
Тема: Питомцы
Класс: 7

Характеристики
Компетентностная область	Объект оценки (знание, умение)	Уровень сложности задания (низкий, средний, высокий)	Тип учебно-познавательной задачи	Система оценивания (критерии)
Учебнопознавательная	Предметное умение составлять односложные предложения	Высокий	Креативная РО	5 баллов – составлено 5 и более правильно построенных предложений 4 балла – составлено 4 предложения с грамматическими ошибками 3 балла – 3 правильно составленных предложения

6. Сравнение и анализ

Предмет: Английский язык
Тема: Сравнительный анализ (Питомцы)
Класс: 6

Характеристики
Компетентностная область	Объект оценки (знание, умение)	Уровень сложности задания (низкий, средний, высокий)	Тип учебно-познавательной задачи	Система оценивания (критерии)
Учебнопознавательная	Умение сравнивать наглядный материал и дать правильный анализ	Средний	Поисковая РО	5 баллов – составлено 5 и более правильно построенных предложений 4 балла – составлено 4 предложения с грамматическими ошибками 3 балла – 3 правильно составленных предложения

Личностные результаты:

Предмет: Английский язык
Тема: Продукты
Класс: 7

7. Соединить слова с их описанием — групповая работа

1. It is a fruit. It is red or yellow, sometimes green. It is very tasty. Children like to eat it very much. (apple)

2. It is a vegetable. It is orange. It is sweet. It is good for vegetable soup or salad. It is good to eat. (carrot)

3. It is white or brown. It is good to eat with meat soup or vegetable soup. It is good to eat with butter or jam. It may be toast. (bread).

4. It is a very tasty thing. Everybody usually buys it for a birthday party (cake).

5. It is white. It is oval. It is good to eat for breakfast. It comes from a hen. (egg).

6. It is a drink. It is white. Children like to drink it. It comes from a cow (milk).

Характеристики
Компетентностная область	Объект оценки (знание, умение)	Уровень сложности задания (низкий, средний, высокий)	Тип учебно-познавательной задачи (стандартная, обучающая, поисковая, проблемная, креативная)	Система оценивания (критерии)
Ценностно смысловая	Умение обобщить свои знания	Средний	Обучающая — РО	5 баллов – составлено 5 и более правильно построенных предложений 4 балла – составлено 4 предложения с грамматическими ошибками 3 балла – 3 правильно составленных предложения

Предмет: Английский язык
Тема: Продукты питания
Класс: 7

8. Собери текст

Meats and proteins are foods like chicken, fish, duck, eggs, nuts, beans and tofu. . But too much of this food can make you fat and can be bad for your teeth. You should not eat more than two sweet or fatty things a day. Fruit and vegetables give us lots of vitamins and minerals and help us grow and stay healthy. Cereals and grains are things like bread, rice, potatoes and noodles. These foods give us important minerals and help us to build and repair our bodies. We need to eat a little of this food every day (about 10% of our food).
We should eat five portions of fruit and vegetables every day. A portion is one piece of fruit, a serving (блюдо) of vegetables or a glass of juice. Fats and sugars are things like oils, biscuits, sweets, chocolate and ice cream. These foods give us energy and are important for our nervous system. These foods give us the energy we need. Half of what we eat every day should come from this group. ) Dairy foods are things like milk, yoghurt and cheese. ) Food gives us energy, makes us grow and helps to stay healthy. We need to eat something from all the food groups every day. Fruit and vegetables, cereals and grains, fats and sugar, meat and protein and dairy. These foods give us calcium (кальций) which helps to make our teeth and bones strong. You should eat some of these foods every day.

Характеристики
Компетентностная область	Объект оценки (знание, умение)	Уровень сложности задания (низкий, средний, высокий)	Тип учебно-познавательной задачи (стандартная, обучающая, поисковая, проблемная, креативная)	Система оценивания (критерии)
Учебно-познавательная	Умение обобщать свои знания, находить смысловую цепочку опираясь на текст	Средний	Поисковая РО	5 баллов – последовательность выполнена, верно 4 балла – 1 ошибка в последовательности 3 балла – 2,3 ошибки в последовательности 2 балла – 3,4 ошибки в последовательности

Предмет: Английский язык
Тема: Продукты
Класс: 7

9. Исправь ошибки

1. Fruit and vegetables give us lots of fats. (lots of vitamins and minerals)

2. You should not eat more than five sweet or fatty things a day.( two)

3. Meats and proteins give us important minerals and help us to build and repair our brain (bodies).

Характеристики
Компетентностная область	Объект оценки (знание, умение)	Уровень сложности задания (низкий, средний, высокий)	Тип учебно-познавательной задачи (стандартная, обучающая, поисковая, проблемная, креативная)	Система оценивания (критерии)
Учебно-познавательная	Умение находить ошибки	Средний	Обучающая КО	5 баллов – последовательность выполнена, верно 4 балла – 1 ошибка в последовательности 3 балла – 2,3 ошибки в последовательности 2 балла – 3,4 ошибки в последовательности

Предмет: Английский язык
Тема: Страноведение
Класс: 9

10. Прочитать текст и выполнить задания после

London Eye

The London Eye is a giant observation wheel situated on the bank of the river Thames. It is 135 meters high. As the wheel turn it stops to allow tourists to see fantastic views over the city. It takes half an hour for the London Eye to complete one rotation.

Since opening in March 2000 the London Eye has become a symbol of modern Britain. The London Eye is visited by over 3,5 million people a year.

The wheel carries 32 sealed and air-conditioned egg-shaped passenger capsules. Each 10 tones capsule holds 25 people, who are free to walk around inside the capsule, though seating is provided

True or false:

1.The London Eye is situated on the bank of the river Volga

2. It is 135 meters high.

3. It takes two hours for the London Eye to complete one rotation.

4. The London Eye is opened in March 2000.

5. Each capsule holds 25 people,

Характеристики
Компетентностная область	Объект оценки (знание, умение)	Уровень сложности задания (низкий, средний, высокий)	Тип учебно-познавательной задачи	Система оценивания (критерии)
Учебно-познавательная	Умение определять по тексту правильно ли утверждение предложенное ниже	Средний	Поисковая, обучающая КО	5 баллов– 6 или 5 правильных ответов 4 балла — 4 правильных ответа 3 балла- 3 правильных ответа 2 балла– выполнено 2 или задание не выполнено совсем

My trip to London could not be complete without a trip to the London Eye. Since opening in March 2000, the EDF Energy London Eye has become an iconic landmark and a symbol of modern Britain. The London Eye is the UK’s most popular paid for visitor attraction, visited by over 3.5 million people a year.

What struck me was the breathtaking feat of design and engineering, that allowed me to see up to 40 kilometres in all directions. The London Eye was the vision of David Marks and Julia Barfield, a husband and wife architect team. The wheel design was used as a metaphor for the end of the 20th century, and time turning into the new millennium.

Apparently, back in 2000, the London Eye was known as the Millennium Wheel. At that time, British Airways was the main sponsor, and up until November 2005 they were joint shareholders with Marks Barfield Architects and The Tussauds Group. British Airways also privately funded the London Eye project from the early stages of conception. Today, the London Eye is operated by the London Eye Company Limited, a Merlin Entertainments Group Company.

Constructing the EDF Energy London Eye was a massive challenge. It’s the tallest cantilevered observation wheel in the world, rising high above the London skyline at 135 metres.

It was a piece of daring innovation and revolutionary design which combined the best of British design, architecture and engineering with an exceptional team of experts.

The London Eye passenger capsules incorporated an entirely new design form for an observation wheel. Instead of being suspended under the wheel they turn within circular mounting rings fixed to the outside of the main rim. The result is a stunning 360 degree panoramic view from the top of the wheel. The London eye has 32 capsules, representing the 32 boroughs of London. Capsules have 360 degree views, a heating and cooling system and bench seating.

I was simply amazed by the incredible six backstay cables holding the wheel in place. Upon looking up, I noticed the wheel cables stretching across the rim and the wheel. The wheel cables include 16 rim rotation cables, and 64 spoke cables, which are similar to bicycle spokes, holding the rim tight to the central spindle.

The main foundation for the London Eye is situated underneath the A-frame legs; it required 2,200 tonnes of concrete and 44 concrete piles – each of which is 33 metres deep. The second foundation, the tension foundation holding the backstay cables behind the wheel, used 1,200 tonnes of concrete.

At the centre of the London Eye is the vast hub and spindle. The main elements were manufactured in cast steel. The spindle itself was too large to cast as a single piece so instead was produced in eight smaller sections. Two further castings, in the form of great rings form the main structural element of the hub. The hub is a rolled steel tube forming the spacer that holds them apart. All the casting was carried out by Skoda Steel.

The height of the London Eye is 135m (equivalent to 64 red telephone boxes piled on top of each other. Here is a picture of a red telephone box i came across just westminster/parliament) making it the fourth tallest structure in London after the BT Tower, Tower 42 and One Canada Square in Canary Wharf.

It took seven years and the skills of hundreds of people from five countries to make the London Eye a reality. We were blessed with a semi-clear day however, on a really clear day, you can see around 40KM (25 miles) from the top as far as Windsor Castle on a clear day.

The London Eye can carry 800 passengers per revolution – equivalent to 11 London red doubled-decker buses. Each of the 32 capsules weighs 10 tonnes.

To put that figure into perspective, it’s the same weight as 1,052,631 pound coins! Each rotation takes about 30 minutes, meaning a capsule travels at a stately 26cm per second, or 0.9km (0.6 miles) per hour – twice as fast as a tortoise sprinting; allowing passengers to step on and off without the wheel having to stop

Тексты c
заданиями для изучения достопримечательностей Лондона.

1.      London Eye

The London Eye is a giant observation wheel situated on the bank
of the river Thames. It is 135 meters high. As the wheel turn it stops to allow
tourists to see fantastic views over the city. It takes half an hour for the
London Eye to complete one rotation.

Since opening in March 2000 the London Eye has become a symbol of
modern Britain. The London Eye is visited by over 3,5 million people a year.

The wheel carries 32 sealed and
air-conditioned egg-shaped passenger capsules. Each 10 tones capsule holds 25
people, who are free to walk around inside the capsule, though seating is
provided

Questions: Where is the London Eye situated? Since what time has the London Eye become a symbol of modern Britain? How many tourists visit the London Eye a year? How many passengers does the wheel carry?

True or false: 1.The London Eye is situated on the bank of the river Volga 2. It is 135 meters high. 3. It takes two hours for the London Eye to complete one rotation. 4. The London Eye is opened in March 2000. 5. Each capsule holds 25 people,

2.     
Tower Bridge

Tower Bridge
is the most famous bridge over the River Thames. It is close to the Tower of
London, which gives it its name. Sir John Wolfe Barry designed it.

The bridge
consists of two towers which are tied together. The bridge was officially
opened on 30 June 1894 by the Prince of Wales (the future King Edward VII), and
his wife.

The bridge is
244 meters (800 feet) in length with two towers each 65 meters (213 feet) high.

Thousands of
tourists visit Tower Bridge every year.

Questions: 1.      What is the most famous bridge in London? 2.      Why does it give its name? 3.      When was Tower Bridge officially opened? 4.      Who was Tower Bridge officially opened by? 5.      Who designed Tower Bridge?

True or false: 1.Tower Bridge is bridge over the River Irtysh. 2. The Tower of London gives it its name to bridge. 3. Sir Cristopher Wren designed it. 4.The bridge was officially opened on 30 June 1894. 5. The bridge is 250 meters in length.

3.      Tower of London. The White Tower.

The Tower of
London is one of the most imposing and popular of London’s historical sites.
Now it is a museum. It comprises 20 towers. The oldest is the White Tower,
dates back to the 11^th century and the time of William the
Conqueror. Nowadays a lot of tourists visit the Tower of London, because of the
Tower’s evil reputation as a prison. The Tower has got Beefeaters, ravens, the
Crown Jewels. The royal Crown has got three hundred jewels on it and the
celebrated Indian diamond.

Many stories
associated with British history come from the Tower in 1483 King Edward IV’s
two sons were murdered in the so-called Bloody Tower. Over two centuries later
the skeletons of two little boys were found buried beneath steps in the White
Tower.

The ravens,
huge black birds, are an official part of the Tower. Legend states that it the
ravens were to leave the Tower the Crown will fall and Britain with it. Under
the special care of the Raven Master, the ravens eat raw meat every day. And
there is no danger of them flying away, because their wings are clipped.

Questions: 1.What is the most imposing and popular historical sites in London? 2.How many towers does the Tower of London comprise? 3.When was the Tower of London founded? 4.What is the Tower of London famous for?

True or false: 1.The Tower of London is a museum now. 2. It comprises 10 towers. 3. The oldest is the White Tower. 4. The Tower has got Beefeaters, ravens, the Crown Jewels. 5. The ravens, huge black birds, are an official part of the Tower

4.       Buckingham Palace

Buckingham Palace is one of the
major tourist attractions in London. It is the official residency of the British
monarchy. At the moment British monarchy is led by Queen Elizabeth II. Each
time the royal family is in the palace, a flag flies on the roof.

The palace was built in 1705 by the
Duke of Buckingham. In 1761 King George III bought this palace for his wife. It
became a private house of Queen Charlotte and was known as “The Queen’s House”.
During the 19th century the house was enlarged and became the official royal
residence. Queen Victoria was the first monarch to reside in the palace. She
moved there in 1837 leaving Kensington Palace, where she grew up.

Buckingham Palace has nearly 600
rooms, including a throne room, a ballroom, a dining-room, picture gallery and
even a swimming-pool. Some of its rooms can be visited in summertime, only when
the Queen is not at home. One of the most interesting parts of the palace is
the Queen’s Gallery, where works of art of the royal collection can be seen.

Royal garden and stables are also
curious sights. Every year more than 50 000 invited guests are entertained at
garden parties, receptions and banquets.

Many tourists come here to see the
Queen Victoria Memorial which is set right in front of the Buckingham Palace.
Every day at 11 am Changing of the Guard ceremony takes place. It is the time
when colorfully dressed New Guard parades along the building and replace the
existing Old Guard. The ceremony is accompanied by music and attracts a lot of
viewers.

Questions: 1. What is the Buckingham Palace? 2.When does a flag flies on the roof? 3.When was the palace built? 4. How many rooms has Buckingham Palace? 5. What do many tourists come here to see?

True or false: 1. Buckingham Palace is the official residency of the British monarchy.  2. Each time the royal family isn’t in the palace, a flag flies on the roof. 3. The palace was built in 1710 by the Duke of Buckingham 4. Buckingham Palace has nearly 600 rooms 5. Every day at 10 am Changing of the Guard ceremony takes place.

5.      Big Ben

The famous clock Big Ben stands
near the Houses of Parliament. Big Ben is a big bell. The clock has four faces
and five big bells. The biggest bell is known as Big Ben. The bell is named
after Sir Benjamin Hall; the first commissioner of works when the Houses of
Parliament were rebuilt in 1850. He was a tall man, whose nickname was Big Ben.
So people know the clock as Big Ben. You hear it every hour. The bell weighs
13720 kilograms. It has a deep tone and you can hear it on the radio: “This is
the BBC. The time is six o’clock.” And then you hear the deep boom of Big Ben
of six times.

Big Ben looks most attractively at
night when the clock faces are illuminated. You even know when parliament is in
session, because a light shines above the clock face.

Questions: 1.      Where does Big Ben stand? 2.      Who was the bell named after? 3.      Do we hear it every hour ? 4.      How many does the bell weigh? 5.      Where can we a deep tone hear?

True or false: 1.Big Ben is a small bell. 2.The clock has four faces and five big bells. 3. The bell is named after Sir Benjamin Hall. 4. Big Ben was a small man. 5. The bell weighs 13000 kilograms.

6.      Trafalgar Square

Trafalgar Square is the
geographical center of London. It was so named to commemorate Admiral Nelson’s
victory at the Battle of Trafalgar. In the middle of the square there is a very
famous monument Nelson’s Column with the statue of Lord Horatio Nelson on the
top. The Column is over 170 feet high. Its pedestal is decorated with
bas-reliefs of famous naval battles. At the base of Nelson’s Column are four
great lions.

Trafalgar Square has become famous
as a point for all kinds of demonstrations, marches and political meetings.

Each year in December, the people
of Norway send a gift of an enormous Christmas tree to Britain which is erected
in Trafalgar Square. This is thanks for Britain’s part in liberation during the
Second World War.

Questions: 1.Why was Trafalgar Square so named? 2.Where is Column of Nelson situated? 3.Name the high of it. 4.What are there at the base of Nelson’s Column? 5.What can you tell about Christmas tree in Trafalgar Square?

True or False: 1.Trafalgar Square is the geographical center of Madrid. 2. It was so named because of victory at the Battle of Trafalgar. 3. On the top of column there is the statue of Lord Horatio Nelson. 4. The Column is over 160 feet high. 5. At the base of Nelson’s Column are five great lions.

Unit 2

Lessons 1-2

Ex. 4

People are concerned about litter or noise where they live, or lack of trees or grass and pollution in its many forms (water pollution, air pollution, nuclear pollution), about changing climate around the world, the destruction of wildlife and countryside beauty, shortage of natural resources and the growth of population.

Ex. 6

1. simply what is around us

2. the area around our home or our school

3. the whole world-all the cities, countryside, forests, seas and the air we breathe

4. all living and non-living things that occur on Earth or some region thereof

5. the built environment, which comprises the areas and components that are strongly influenced by man

6. litter or noise where we live or lack of trees or grass

Ex. 7

1. the natural environment

2. to refer to

3. comprise

4. concern

5. destruction

6. wildlife

7. shortage

8. natural

resources

Ex. 8

1. destruction

2. wildlife

3. shortage

4. comprises

5. refer to

6. natural resources

7. concerns

8. the natural environment

Ex. 10

Environmental problems are of a great concern nowadays. More and more scientists warn about the threat of a global ecological catastrophe as a result of man’s economic activity. Medics note with alarm the growing number of diseases caused by air and water pollution.

Urban environmental problems are threats to present or future human well being, resulting from human-induced damage to the physical environment, originating in or borne in urban areas. They are:

– Inadequate household water and sanitation and indoor air pollution.

– Ambient air pollution, inadequate waste management and pollution of rivers, lakes and coastal areas.

– Ecological disruption and resource depletion in a city’s hinterland, and emissions of acid precursors and greenhouse gases.

– Activities outside a city’s boundaries, but which will affect people

living in the city.

The ecological situation is particularly unfavorable in large cities. Big cities face the environmental catastrophe. In London, for example, the dust concentration (daily average) in air exceeds the permissible level by 60 %, in Paris – 80 %. The situation in Moscow is even worse in some aspects. The carried out research showed that up to 12 million tons of harmful substances are discharged into air annually. Hundreds of industrial enterprises pollute atmosphere.

Ecological problems are also very acute in our city. For example, air pollution is caused by increasing number of cars, heavy traffic causes a lot of air pollution, too. Every car exhausts tons of CO2, into the air. Having more buses would improve public transport in cities and there would be fewer cars in the streets. I think people should go on foot more often or use bicycles.

The ecological situation in the region is influenced by a powerful industrial and military complex, which includes the defense, metallurgic, machine-building enterprises and so on. The necessity to employ all the inhabitants of the city leads to building new factories that produce not only consumer goods, but wastes and smog as well. Chemicals from factories contaminate atmosphere. Governments can solve this problem by passing laws to stop factories from polluting air and water. It also should force factories to put

Filters on chimneys. If they did these, our cities would be he>

Furthermore, we can see much litter in the cities. As a result of it industrial centers today look more like garbage dumps. We mustn’t drop litter because it looks and smells horrible. If the authorities put bin on every street corner, people wouldn’t drop litter so much. We also should try not to buy pre-packaged food. The packaging creates a lot of rubbish.

Lessons 3-4

Ex. 2

Scythian tulips

Foxes

Hares

Deer

Squirrels

Snakes

Birds: ostriches, emus, swans, cranes

Ex. 3

1. D

2. C

3. B

4. E

5. A

Ex. 5

1. rare

2. area

3. species

4. shelter

5. research

6. to occupy

Ex. 6

1. b

2. c

3. c

4. a

5. c

6. b

Ex. 7 (b)

After

Essential can’t

Extra can

Ex. 8

Sentence 1 contains defining clause.

Sentence 2 contains non-defining clause.

Ex. 9

Can defining can’t non-defining

Ex. 10

1. which

2. what

3. where

4. which

5. which

6. that

7. that

8. that

9. which

Lessons 5-6

Ex. 4

1. B

2. D

3. C

4. A

Ex. 5

1. F

2. T

3. F

4. T

5. F

6. N

Ex. 6

People can go walking and admire the beautiful nature around.

While cycling you can feel the warmth of the blowing wind.

When people are having a rest in the National Parks they can go horse riding and ballooning.

People can go fishing and discover a picturesque view around.

People can go climbing to woody hillsides and to and enjoy breathtaking landscapes.

People can wander through woods and enjoy wildlife watching.

Ex. 7

Activities	Mary	Theodore	Patrick
Walking	X
Cycling	X
Horse riding	X
Watersports	X
Climbing	X
Air trip	X
Wildlife watching

Ex. 8

1. where

2. where

3. which

4. which

5. which

6. that

7. that

8. what

9. what

10. what

Ex. 10

The London Eye isn’t just one of London’s top tourist attractions, it’s an extraordinary piece of engineering design and architecture.

Since opening in March 2000 The London Eye has become an iconic landmark and a symbol of modern Britain. The London Eye is the UK’s most popular paid for visitor attraction, visited by over 3. 5 million people a year.

A breathtaking feat of design and engineering, passengers in the London Eye’s capsules can see up to 40 kilometres in all directions.

The London Eye is the vision of David Marks and Julia Barfield, a husband and wife architect team. The wheel design was used as a metaphor for the end of the 20th century, and time turning into the new millennium.

Back in 2000, the London Eye was known as the Millennium Wheel. At that time, British Airways was the main sponsor, and up until November 2005 they were joint shareholders with Marks Barfield Architects and The Tussauds Group. British Airways also privately funded the London Eye project from the early stages of conception.

Today, the London Eye is operated by the London Eye Company Limited, a Merlin Entertainments Group Company.

The London Eye has won over 75 awards for national and international tourism, outstanding architectural quality and engineering achievement since opening in March 2000.

Constructing the London Eye was a massive challenge. It’s the tallest cantilevered observation wheel in the world, rising high above the London skyline at 135 metres. It was a piece of daring innovation and revolutionary design which combined the best of British design, architecture and engineering with an exceptional team of experts.

The London Eye passenger capsules incorporate an entirely new design form for an observation wheel. Instead of being suspended under the wheel they turn within circular mounting rings fixed to the outside of the main rim. The result is a stunning 360 degree panoramic view from the top of the wheel.

The London eye has 32 capsules, representing the 32 boroughs of London. Capsules have 360 degree views, a heating and cooling system and bench seating.

Any visitor to the London Eye can’t help but be amazed by the incredible six backstay cables holding the wheel in place. And then, when you look up you see the wheel cables stretching across the rim and the wheel. The wheel cables include 16 rim rotation cables, and 64 spoke cables, which are similar to bicycle spokes, holding the rim tight to the central spindle.

Ex. 2

The Carpathians are shared by seven Central and Eastern European Countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia and Ukraine), four of which have recently joined the European Union.

The Carpathians are one of the largest mountain chains in Europe, with a unique ecosystem and an exceptionally high biological diversity. The region pro-

Vides a livelihood and natural resources for up to 18 million people. These mountains also serve as a haven for a considerable number of endangered species such as the brown bear, wolf, lynx, and raptors. With close to 4,000 partly endangered plant species, the Carpathians account for 30 per cent of the European flora.

The Mountains form so called buffer zones and corridors that favour transboundary dispersal of plants, migration of birds and animals and also genetic diversity conservation throughout Europe. Forest ecosystems of the Carpathians play especial role for biodiversity conservation, contribute into the nature protection and water resources regulation and provide resources for timber industry in the region.

In the last centuries more exhaustive use of natural resources vastly weakened abilities of the biodiversity to self-renovation everywhere. Destructive processes of biodiversity loss affected the Carpathian region too. Heavy and expanded agrarian industry, forestry and hunting practices distorted ecological balance in the region and threaten biological diversity, firstly unique and endangered species. In the same time Ukrainian Carpathians are only area in Europe where virgin forests and unique flora and fauna species exist.

Endangered Species in the Carpathian Mountains

Wolf

>

They are distributed almost continuously over the Carpathian Mountains and their population densities are very high compared to other parts in Europe.

After World War II, wolves were present in all forested parts of Romania and numbered over 4,000 animals. However, excessive livestock depredation occurred and as a result in 1955, the government launched a campaign to control wolf numbers.

Intensive hunting, trapping, searching for wolf dens to kill the pups, and particularly the use of poison, reduced wolves to a low level up until the late sixties.

By 1967, the wolf population had declined to about 1,500 and only the remoteness of the mountains and the increasing number of deer and wild boar saved the wolf from even further decline.

Due to the fact that other species, such as brown bears, wild boar, and birds of prey, also suffered from poisoning, the use of poison was forbidden in 1991.

Until then, the wolf population had continued to increase slowly and, according to official numbers, reached about 3,100 individuals in 1996. This represents about 30 % of all European wolves west of Russia.

Brown Bear

Few animals have captured the imagination like brown bears. They can stand on two legs, have eyes in the front of their heads, walk on the soles of their feet, pick things up with their ‘fingers’, eat what we eat and nurse their young as we do. Brown bears can grow to a huge size, males up to 350kg, females to 200kg. The biggest brown bear was caught in Romania – 480kg.

Their diet varies with the season, from grass and shoots in the spring to berries and apples in the summer, nuts and plums in the fall and all year round they eat roots, insects, mammals and reptiles, and, of course, honey.

Bears leave scratch marks on trees. The marks can be easily recognised by three to five parallel scratches in the bark from the nails of the paw.

They have good hearing, an excellent sense of smell and can live for up to 30 years. The males are solitary animals, socialising only during the mating season. The Carpathians are home to about 8,000 brown bears in Slovakia, Poland, the Ukraine and Romania, the second largest population in Europe.

Bears are considered of high priority in conservation. Given their dependence on large natural areas, they are important management indicators for a number of other wildlife species.

Lynx

Lynx are like most cats: they have terrific eyesight, especially at night, and better hearing than humans.

That’s why it’s so difficult to spot them; they are most active in the early morning and late at night – when they can see, but we can’t.

The Eurasian lynx in the Carpathians normally live above 1000 m, resting on cliffs and rocks, out of human reach, but watching and curious all the time. In wintertime, they may follow their prey down to lower >

But they never attack people or other large carnivores such as bears or wolves. Bears and wolves sometimes steal their kill, so the lynx has adapted by hiding leftovers beneath rocks, leaves or branches.

Lynx feed off hares, birds, wildcats, chamois, deer, boar and sometimes stray dogs, but not livestock like the other carnivores. So they’re not a nuisance to people.

The lynx population in the Carpathians is officially estimated to be about 2,500 – the densest in Europe.

Ex. 4

1. attraction

2. people

3. longest

4. speed limit

5. sailing boats

6. lake

7. motor boats

8. businesses

9. scenery

10. walking

11. outdoor activity

12. problem

13. plant life

14. area

15. a strong beach

16. a natural area

17. ecology

18. plant

19. fish life

Ex. 6

The Lake District National Park has many special qualities unique to the area. There are over fourteen lakes and tarns >

The rocks forming the Lake District provide a dramatic record of nearly 500 million years. Colliding continents, deep oceans, tropical seas, and kilometre-thick ice sheets helped shape the landscape we see today.

There have been people in the Lake District since the end of the last ice age. There are traces of prehistoric and medieval field systems, archaeological monuments such as 8tone circles, Roman roads and forts and the remains of the mining, gunpowder and wood-processing industries.

The red squirrel is still found here, and there are woodlands rich in Atlantic mosses, ferns and lichen. Lakes, tarns and rivers are nationally important for their range of habitats and species such as char, crayfish and shelly. On the fells ravens and birds of prey are a relatively common sight.

The lakes and tarns give the Lake District a quality of scenery and recreational resource found nowhere else in England. The semi-natural woodlands add texture, colour and variety to the landscape and also provide a home for native animals and plants. The high rainfall in the core of the National Park favours woodlands rich in Atlantic mosses and liverworts, ferns and lichen.

The presence of wood pasture, pollards and old coppice woodland form part of the rich cultural heritage of the National Park.

The Lake District is unique in England for its abundant and varied freshwater habitats. Key habitats include mires, limestone pavement, upland heath, screes and artic-alpine communities, lakeshore wetlands, estuary, coastal heath and dunes.

The Lake District’s rocks provide a dramatic record of nearly 500 million years, with evidence of colliding continents, deep oceans, tropical seas, and kilometre thick ice sheets. The area has the largest and deepest lakes and highest peaks in England. Its rock sequence contributes to our understanding of past climates.

Presentation on theme: «The London Eye. The London Eye was opened in March 2000. Since that time it has become an iconic landmark and a symbol of modern Britain.»— Presentation transcript:

1

The London Eye

2

The London Eye was opened in March 2000. Since that time it has become an iconic landmark and a symbol of modern Britain.

3

The construction of the London Eye was projected by David Marks and his wife Julia Barfield. They used the wheel design as a metaphor for the end of the 20th century, and time turning into the new millennium.

4

It took seven years and the skills of hundreds of people from five countries to make the London Eye a reality

5

The London Eye welcomes 3.5 million customers every year.

6

The London Eye stands 135 m high. It’s equivalent is 64 red telephone boxes piled on top of each other)

7

It is the third world’s highest observation wheel

8

It offers spectacular views of the capital’s most famous sights.

9

You can see around 40km from the top as far as Windsor Castle on a clear day.

10

Your flight will take approximately 30 minutes. It means that a capsule travels at 26cm per second, or twice as fast as a tortoise sprinting.

11

This speed allows passengers to step on and off without the wheel having to stop.

12

The London Eye can carry 800 passengers per revolution — equivalent to 11 London red doubled-decker buses

13

Each of the 32 capsules weighs 10 tonnes. To put that figure into perspective, it’s the same weight as 1,052,631 pound coins!

14

The London Eye has won over 75 awards for national and international tourism, outstanding architectural quality and engineering achievement since opening in March 2000.

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