Сочинение на тему землетрясение на английском языке - Помощь в подготовке к экзаменам и поступлению

Представлено сочинение на английском языке Землетрясения/ Earthquakes с переводом на русский язык.

Earthquakes	Землетрясения
From ancient times people were afraid of natural disasters. These unpredictable disasters killed thousands of people and destroy dozens of cities. It was called «the punishment of the gods». All of these is about the earthquakes.	C древних времен люди больше всего боялись стихийных бедствий. Эти непредсказуемые явления, унесшие жизнь тысяч людей и уничтожившие десятки городов, называли «наказанием богов». Землетрясение – одно из них.
Today we can explain what the earthquake is, why it occurs and even define the earthquake-prone areas. So, why do earthquakes happen? Scientists say that the reason is the movement of tectonic plates of the Earth, taking place because of the volcanic eruptions or underground explosions.	Сегодня мы можем объяснить, что такое землетрясения, почему они происходят и даже предсказать места, для которых наиболее характерно их появление. Итак, почему же происходят землетрясения? Ученые объясняют эти природные явления движением тектонических плит, а также ввиду извержения вулканов или подземных взрывов.

Over the past decade we have seen a number of seismic disasters in Japan, China, Chile, Thailand, Mexico and in other countries all over the world. In other words, the strongest earthquakes with the disastrous consequences cannot be controlled by a man, but they can be highly predicted.	За последнее десятилетие наблюдается целый ряд катастроф сейсмического характера: в Японии, на побережье Китая, в Чили, Таиланде и других странах по всему миру. Другими словами, сильнейшие землетрясения, повлекшие за собой катастрофические последствия, неподвластны человеку, но они могут быть предсказаны заранее.
Nowadays there are many ways to reduce the damage to a minimum. We use special materials while constructing buildings or applying special architectural solutions as well as long-term or short-term forecasting of probable earthquakes.	В настоящее время существует множество способов свести ущерб от землетрясений к минимуму – использование особых материалов при строительстве зданий, специальные архитектурные решения, долгосрочные или краткосрочное прогнозирование очагов вероятных бедствий.
To conclude, today the earthquakes are much less threatening than fifty years ago. They are no longer considered as the punishment of the heaven, just like a natural phenomenon like rain or fog.	Таким образом, землетрясения сегодня представляют собой гораздо меньшую угрозу, чем 50 лет назад. Они больше не являются для людей необъяснимым наказанием небес – всего лишь природное явление, как дождь или туман.

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Сочинение на тему «Землетрясение» на английском языке с переводом на русский язык
Earthquake	Землетрясение
An earthquake is a sudden and dramatic movement of the Earth’s crust caused by the release of energy from within the Earth’s interior. Earthquakes can cause tremendous destruction and loss of life, and they can also cause changes in the surface of the Earth.	Землетрясение – это внезапное и резкое движение земной коры, вызванное высвобождением энергии из недр Земли. Землетрясения могут привести к огромным разрушениям и человеческим жертвам, а также вызвать изменения на поверхности Земли.
Earthquakes occur when two blocks of the Earth’s crust suddenly slip past one another. In this process, energy is released in the form of seismic waves which radiate outward in all directions. Earthquakes can occur anywhere, but they usually occur along the edges of the Earth’s tectonic plates.	Землетрясения происходят, когда два блока земной коры внезапно проскальзывают друг мимо друга. При этом высвобождается энергия в виде сейсмических волн, которые распространяются во всех направлениях. Землетрясения могут происходить где угодно, но обычно они происходят вдоль краев тектонических плит Земли.
The effects of an earthquake depend on its magnitude. Magnitude is a measure of the intensity of an earthquake, and is determined by measuring the amplitude and frequency of the seismic waves. The most severe earthquakes can cause tremendous damage, destroying buildings and infrastructure and triggering landslides, avalanches, and tsunamis. Earthquakes can also trigger seismic sea waves, or tsunamis, which can cause destruction along the coastlines of continents.	Последствия землетрясения зависят от его магнитуды. Магнитуда – это мера интенсивности землетрясения, которая определяется путем измерения амплитуды и частоты сейсмических волн. Самые сильные землетрясения могут причинить огромный ущерб, разрушая здания и инфраструктуру, вызывая оползни, лавины и цунами. Землетрясения также могут вызвать сейсмические морские волны, или цунами, которые могут привести к разрушениям вдоль береговой линии континентов.
Earthquakes can also cause changes to the land surface. These changes can include the formation of new mountain ranges, the sinking of land, and the creation of new coastline. Earthquakes can also change the course of rivers, and even create new lakes.	Землетрясения также могут вызывать изменения на поверхности земли. Эти изменения могут включать образование новых горных хребтов, опускание суши и создание новой береговой линии. Землетрясения также могут изменить русло рек и даже создать новые озера.

сочинения

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Natural Disasters

Природные катастрофы

Natural disasters are very dangerous phenomena. Natural disaster may happen separately or be the consequence of another natural disaster. In most cases they kill many people and destroy places of living. Nature is very powerful so often people can do nothing to withstand it. There are a lot of types of natural disasters. They are earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, tsunami, tornadoes, droughts and so on.
Природные катастрофы являются очень опасными явлениями. Стихийное бедствие может произойти отдельно или быть следствием другой природной катастрофы. В большинстве случаев из-за них погибают много людей и разрушаются места проживания людей. Природа могущественна, поэтому часто люди не могут ничего сделать, чтобы противостоять ей. Существует много видов стихийных бедствий. К ним относятся землетрясения, извержения вулканов, наводнения, цунами, торнадо, засухи и т.д.
Tsunami is a very powerful disaster. It is a displacement of a large volume of water. The term “tsunami” is borrowed from the Japanese language and literally means “harbour wave”. Tsunami often happen in Japan and one of the most powerful tsunami happened in Japan in 2011. Thousands of people were killed, injured or missing.
Цунами является очень мощным бедствием. Это смещение большого объема воды. Термин «цунами» заимствован из японского языка и в буквальном переводе означает «порт, волна». Цунами часто случаются в Японии, и одно из самых мощных цунами произошло в Японии в 2011 году, тогда тысячи людей погибли, были ранены или пропали без вести.
Tsunami often follows earthquakes. An earthquake is one more natural disaster. It is a sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust. People know about the earthquakes by shaking or displacement of the ground. Earthquakes, just as all natural disasters, can kill a lot of people and destroy buildings and roads. For example, the Great East Japan Earthquake that caused the tsunami is one of the most powerful earthquakes ever happened in the world since 1900.
Цунами часто следует за землетрясением. Землетрясения – еще одна природная катастрофа. Это внезапное высвобождение энергии в земной коре. Люди узнают о землетрясениях из-за дрожания земли или смещения грунта. Землетрясения, как и все стихийные бедствия, могут унести жизни многих людей и разрушить здания и дороги. Например, Великое восточно-японское землетрясение, которое вызвало тогда же цунами, является одним из самых мощных землетрясений, когда-либо происходивших в мире, начиная с 1900 года.
Fortunately, people have invented many systems which warn about coming natural disasters and they keep developing these inventions and systems. Warning systems and timely evacuation help to avoid many deaths and injuries.
К счастью, люди изобрели множество систем, которые предупреждают о предстоящих стихийных бедствиях, и ученые продолжают развивать эти изобретения и системы. Системы предупреждения и своевременная эвакуация помогают предотвращать множество смертельных случаев.
Автор — Ирина Селезнева

2018-08-23
Help save the world from all mankind. I, Bandzhov Nazarali Holnazarovich live for the sake of Nature and the preservation of Nature and the world. I was convinced that the real defenders of Nature are very few in the whole world. The overwhelming majority of people pollute the Earth, rivers, lakes, seas, oceans, mountains, forests, steppes and so on, became scary for the future of the whole world. Protect world stop mining coal, oil, gas and so on: Mining companies and mining industry have turned the whole world into a huge quarry and an underground void, this is a real hell for the whole world. Environment problems in Europe, USA, Russia, Asia, Africa, Middle East and around the world situation catastrophic: Air, water and soil it around the world is poisoned. Pollution surrounding wednesdays from mankind, around the world all diseases from oil, gas, coal, iron ore, sewage, garbage, cities, industry and transport. Global change climate around the world: Drought, floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, a tsunami – all this occurs around the world. Save the planet, to admire the beauty of nature and save the world from ecological disaster. All of the causes of environmental catastrophe happens all over the world from mining oil, coal, gas, iron ore, salt, diamonds, gold, sand, soil and so on. Environmental pollution around the world poses a serious threat to all worldwide. Live Earth be in great danger. There are many things that negatively affect the Earth: mining coal, oil, gas and so on, emissions from factories and exhaust gases, deforestation, poisoning of air and water pollution, depletion of the ozone layer and catastrophically global changes of climate all over the world. Environmental pollution is one of the most acute problems of the world. monstrous the behavior of humanity is a catastrophe in the world. Tragic events around the world led to environmental disasters. World Save Nature Planet, please save Earth. Earthquakes, causes extraction of oil, gas, coal, iron ore, salt and so on. Conservationists held a series of protest actions against the extraction of oil, gas, coal and more. Residents from different parts of the world I urge all people to forever stop the extraction of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal . ore, oil, gas, and so on: let’s save the World from global environmental disaster. In the world of all diseases and cancer in particular related to from oil, gas, coal, landfill, sewage network and the whole industrialization and urbanization: It carries all the poisoning and destruction of the habitat of all living things in the world. Many countries in the world for the first time in many years, was severely damaged by hurricanes. Environmental disaster from urbanization and industrialization: global climate change around the world increases the risk of environmental disasters. Droughts, floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis – all becomes more and more intense. The protection of nature in Russia, USA and all over the world: this is something that should engage everyone. People from international environmental organizations gathered for a rally in protest against mining coal, ore, oil, gas, soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt and so on. It is not too late for all of us and for all the world to recover to stop production of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal. ore, oil, gas and more. Mining salt, coal, oil and gas brings us poverty, disease and death. Tears and pain nivchem innocent — all living things in the world, it is impossible to live on, otherwise all life will perish from human activities. Mother — Earth, where the world we live in. Oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, streams, creeks, springs, forests, meadows, flora and fauna adorn the Planet. World to save natur: Help save mother Earth. The effects of extraction of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal, ore, oil, gas and so on. On the face: the climate changed for the worse, shallowed and dried up rivers and lakes in different parts of the world, the melting of icebergs and the Arctic ocean, earthquakes, hurricanes, acid rain, and snow disfigured and poisoned the land, air and water, various diseases. All living things in the world breathe polluted air, drink the same poisoned water. We are all sick suffer and die painfully slow. Rid of all misery and destruction, for this we need the entire world once and for all to stop the extraction of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal, ore, oil, gas and so on. Life in the world is one, it is mother Earth that created us and other animals and plants. And we all the world should live according to the laws of mother nature, so we can get rid of all disease, suffering, and destruction. From mining salt, coal, ore, oil gas and so on: the Glaciers are melting and climate is changing at a rapid pace. We must preserve from environmental disasters. Environmental pollution and the worst environmental disasters in the world are caused by man. We are a child of Nature and we depend on mother Earth, it is better to start taking care of mother Nature. I think you, like me, you live for the sake of peace and for the salvation of mother Earth. I ask you, spread, please, my appeal, which is expressed with a heavy heart and with tears in eyes, because through the fault of mankind crumbling Earth and all living things die around the world. I appeal to all mankind, to the whole world to stop and imagine the scene that floods or drought. Then all will end, so it is urgent to stop the extraction of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal. ore, oil, gas, and more. Man destroys all living things in the world: Urbanization and industrialization are dangerous to all living things in the world. Chemical hazardous substances deadly to all living things in the world. World production of oil, gas, coal, salt and so on are dangerous for the environment. There are serious problems of environmental pollution in all countries of the world, this occurs when cities, factories, transportation, sanitation, landfill and so on, pollute the air, water and land. Harmful substances are mixed, and the mixture is distributed worldwide in the wind and fall back to earth. Coal, oil and gas brings us poverty, disease and death. Global industrialization and urbanization has led to global climate change for the worst in the world. To recover and permanently terminate mining of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal. ore, oil, gas and more. So we can prevent global environmental catastrophe. Between us and other animals plants, there is no difference — we are all children of the Earth and we are all one family. We all the world should live according to the laws of mother Nature and save mother Earth from ecological disaster. Pollution (Land, Air and Water Pollution) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v…_-pu8&sns=tw. Exxon Valdez oil spill http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d…vSh8o&sns=tw. Nature can to get rid of all ills, misfortune and razrusheny: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G…9YOC0&sns=tw. Profit Pollution and Deception BP and the Oil Spill BBC Documentary http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8…MMO9w&sns=tw. Dakota Access Pipeline Company Attacks Native American Protesters with Dogs & Pepper Spray http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k…zEo4k&sns=tw. Environmental problems of the Earth! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1…6J-uE&sns=fb. Tar Sands Oil Extraction — The Dirty Truth http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y…vP17A&sns=tw

What is an earthquake?
An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip [сдвиг] past one another. The surface where they slip is called the fault [разлом] or fault plane [плоскость разлома]. The location below the earth’s surface where the earthquake starts is called the hypocenter [гипоцентр], and the location directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter.
Sometimes an earthquake has foreshocks [предвестник землетрясения]. These are smaller earthquakes that happen in the same place as the larger earthquake that follows. Scientists can’t tell that an earthquake is a foreshock until the larger earthquake happens. The largest, main earthquake is called the mainshock. Mainshocks always have aftershocks [толчок после основного землетрясения] that follow. These are smaller earthquakes that occur afterwards in the same place as the mainshock. Depending on the size of the mainshock, aftershocks can continue for weeks, months, and even years after the mainshock!
What causes earthquakes and where do they happen?
The earth has four major layers: the inner core, outer core, mantle [(земная) мантия] and crust [земная кора]. The crust and the top of the mantle make up a thin skin on the surface of our planet. But this skin is not all in one piece – it is made up of many pieces like a puzzle covering the surface of the earth. Not only that, but these puzzle pieces keep slowly moving around, sliding past one another and bumping into each other. We call these puzzle pieces tectonic plates, and the edges of the plates are called the plate boundaries. The plate boundaries are made up of many faults, and most of the earthquakes around the world occur on these faults. Since the edges of the plates are rough, they get stuck while the rest of the plate keeps moving. Finally, when the plate has moved far enough, the edges unstick on one of the faults and there is an earthquake.
Why does the earth shake when there is an earthquake?
While the edges of faults are stuck together, and the rest of the block is moving, the energy that would normally cause the blocks to slide past one another is being stored up. When the force of the moving blocks finally overcomes the friction of the jagged [зазубренный; неровно оторванный] edges of the fault and it unsticks, all that stored up energy is released. The energy radiates outward from the fault in all directions in the form of seismic waves like ripples on a pond. The seismic waves shake the earth as they move through it, and when the waves reach the earth’s surface, they shake the ground and anything on it, like our houses and us!
How are earthquakes recorded?
Earthquakes are recorded by instruments called seismographs. The recording they make is called a seismogram. The seismograph has a base that sets firmly in the ground, and a heavy weight that hangs free. When an earthquake causes the ground to shake, the base of the seismograph shakes too, but the hanging weight does not. Instead the spring or string that it is hanging from absorbs all the movement. The difference in position between the shaking part of the seismograph and the motionless part is what is recorded.
How do scientists measure the size of earthquakes?
The size of an earthquake depends on the size of the fault and the amount of slip on the fault, but that’s not something scientists can simply measure with a measuring tape since faults are many kilometers deep beneath the earth’s surface. So how do they measure an earthquake? They use the seismogram recordings made on the seismographs at the surface of the earth to determine how large the earthquake was. A short wiggly line that doesn’t wiggle [move from side to side] very much means a small earthquake, and a long wiggly line that wiggles a lot means a large earthquake. The length of the wiggle depends on the size of the fault, and the size of the wiggle depends on the amount of slip.
The size of the earthquake is called its magnitude. There is one magnitude for each earthquake. Scientists also talk about the intensity of shaking from an earthquake, and this varies depending on where you are during the earthquake.
Can scientists predict earthquakes?
No, and it is unlikely they will ever be able to predict them. Scientists have tried many different ways of predicting earthquakes, but none have been successful. On any particular fault, scientists know there will be another earthquake sometime in the future, but they have no way of telling when it will happen.
Is there such a thing as earthquake weather? Can some animals or people tell when an earthquake is about to hit?
These are two questions that do not yet have definite answers. If weather does affect earthquake occurrence, or if some animals or people can tell when an earthquake is coming, we do not yet understand how it works.

Источник: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids/eqscience.php

Источник

Топик про землетрясение на английском поможет подготовиться к уроку. Сообщение о землетрясении на английском языке представлено с переводом, для лучшего понимания.

Рассказ про землетрясение на английском языке

Earthquakes happen when two large pieces of the Earth’s crust suddenly slip. This causes shock waves to shake the surface of the Earth in the form of an earthquake.

The surface of the earth, called the «crust,» is not one solid piece. It’s more like a 20 piece puzzle. Each puzzle piece is called a «plate.» The plates constantly move. Fortunately for us, they don’t move fast. Geologists estimate the fastest plate might shift 6 inches a year (15 centimeters). That’s about as fast as your hair grows.

Earthquakes happen when a plate scrapes, bumps, or drags along another plate. When does this happen? Constantly. About a half-million quakes rock the Earth every day. That’s millions a year. People don’t feel most of them because the quake is too small, too far below the surface, or deep in the sea. Some, however, are so powerful they can be felt thousands of miles away.

A powerful earthquake can cause landslides, tsunamis, flooding, and other catastrophic events. Most damage and deaths happen in populated areas. That’s because the shaking can cause windows to break, structures to collapse, fire, and other dangers.

Scientists use seismic waves to measure how big an earthquake is. They use a device called a seismograph to measure the size of the waves. The size of the waves is called the magnitude.

To tell the strength of an earthquake scientists use a scale called the Moment Magnitude Scale or MMS (it used to be called the Richter scale). The larger the number on the MMS scale, the larger the earthquake. You usually won’t even notice an earthquake unless it measures at least a 3 on the MMS scale. Here are some examples of what may happen depending on the scale:

4.0 — Could shake your house as if a large truck were passing close by. Some people may not notice.
6.0 — Stuff will fall off of shelves. Walls in some houses may crack and windows break. Pretty much everyone near the center will feel this one.
7.0 — Weaker buildings will collapse and cracks will occur in bridges and on the street.
8.0 — Many buildings and bridges fall down. Large cracks in the earth.
9.0 and up — Whole cities flattened and large-scale damage.

Can scientists predict earthquakes?

Unfortunately scientists cannot predict earthquakes. The best they can do today is point out where fault lines are so we know where earthquakes are likely to occur.

Fun Facts about Earthquakes

The earthquake that hit the Tohoku region of Japan on March 11, 2011, had a magnitude of 9.0 and killed over 15000 people. The destruction caused by the Tohoku earthquake was made much worse by powerful tsunamis that were triggered due to the earthquake’s epicentre being located offshore.
The most powerful earthquake ever recorded on Earth was in Valdivia, Chile. Occurring in 1960, it had a magnitude of 9.5.
Movement of tectonic plates has formed large mountain ranges like the Himalayas and the Andes.
Most earthquakes happen 50 miles (80 kilometers) or less below the Earth’s surface. They can happen as deep as 400 miles (644 kilometers) below the surface.

Рассказ про землетрясение на английском с переводом

Землетрясения происходят, когда два больших куска земной коры внезапно ударяются. Это заставляет ударные волны сотрясать поверхность Земли в форме землетрясения.

Поверхность земли, называемая «земной корой», не является цельным элементом. Это больше похоже на головоломку из 20 предметов. Каждый кусочек головоломки называется «плита». Плиты постоянно двигаются. К счастью для нас, они не двигаются быстро. Геологи считают, что самая быстрая плита может сдвигаться на 15 см в год. Это примерно так же быстро, как растут ваши волосы.

Землетрясения происходят, когда плита царапается, ударяется или тащит вдоль другой плиты. Когда это происходит? Постоянно. Около полумиллиона землетрясений качают Землю каждый день. Это миллионы в год. Люди не чувствуют большинство из них, потому что землетрясение слишком слабо, слишком глубоко под поверхностью или глубоко в море. Некоторые, однако, настолько сильны, что их можно почувствовать за тысячи километров.

Мощное землетрясение может вызвать оползни, цунами, наводнения и другие катастрофические события. Большинство повреждений и смертей происходит в населенных пунктах. Это потому, что землятресение может привести к разрушению окон, разрушению конструкций, пожару и другим опасностям.

Ученые используют сейсмические волны для измерения силы землетрясения. Они используют устройство, называемое сейсмографом, для измерения размера волн. Размер волн называется величиной.

Чтобы определить силу землетрясения, ученые используют шкалу, называемую Шкала магнитуды момента или MMS (ее раньше называли шкалой Рихтера). Чем больше число в шкале MMS, тем сильнее землетрясение. Обычно вы даже не заметите землетрясение, если оно не оценивается как минимум в 3 балла по шкале MMS. Вот несколько примеров того, что может произойти в зависимости от масштаба:

4.0 — Может потрясти твой дом, как будто рядом проезжает большой грузовик. Некоторые люди могут не заметить.
6.0 — Материал упадет с полок. Стены в некоторых домах могут треснуть, а окна разбиться. Практически все, кто находится рядом с центром, почувствуют это.
7.0 — Более слабые здания будут разрушаться, и на мостах и на улице будут появляться трещины.
8.0 — Многие здания и мосты рушатся. Большие трещины в земле.
9.0 и выше — целые города разрушены и нанесен масштабный ущерб.

Могут ли ученые предсказывать землетрясения?

К сожалению, ученые не могут предсказать землетрясения. Лучшее, что они могут сделать сегодня, — указать, где находятся линии разломов, чтобы мы знали, где могут произойти землетрясения.

Забавные факты о землетрясениях

Землетрясение, которое произошло в Японии 11 марта 2011 года, имело силу 9 баллов и привело к гибели более 15000 человек.
Разрушения, вызванные землетрясением в Тохоку, были значительно усугублены мощными цунами, вызванными тем, что эпицентр землетрясения находился на расстоянии от берега.
Самое сильное землетрясение, когда-либо зарегистрированное на Земле, произошло в Вальдивии, Чили. Произошедшее в 1960 году, оно имело величину 9,5.
Движение тектонических плит сформировало большие горные цепи, такие как Гималаи и Анды.
Большинство землетрясений происходят на расстоянии 80 км или меньше от поверхности Земли. Они могут случиться на глубине 400 миль (644 км) под поверхностью.

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метки: Землетрясение, Английский, Disaster, Earthquake, Earth, Water, Damage, Place

Топик на тему Earthquakes на английском языке

An earthquake is one of the worst natural disasters on our earth. We think that the ground we stand on is very stable, but it isn’t. It moves quite a lot. In the last few decades scientists have been able to find out why earthquakes happen.

Earthquakes happen when there is a sudden vibration in the earth’s crust. It’s like a large lorry that travels down your street. When it passes by, you feel your house shake.

Earthquakes can be caused by a lot of things:

• Volcanoes that suddenly erupt

• Meteorites that hit the earth

• Undergrounds explosions

• Buildings that fall apart

But most earthquakes happen because the earth’s plates move.

In the middle of the 20th century scientists found out that continents do not always stay in the same place. They have been moving on plates for millions of years. The earth’s surface is made up of many such plates. Where two plates meet magma comes out of the inner part of the earth. These areas are called faults—breaks in the earth’s crust.

How plates move

When two plates move away from each other lava or magma comes out of the earth. Most of this happens at the bottom of oceans, where the earth’s crust is very thin. Lava cools down when it reaches the water and underwater mountains are formed.

When plates push towards each other—one of them slides under the other. Rocks are pushed up and new mountains are formed.

Some plates slide past each other— for example, one moves north and the other moves south. When these plates move along faults a lot of energy is released and the biggest earthquakes happen.

We only hear about earthquakes once in a while, but they really happen every day. There are more than 3 million earthquakes every year—about 8,000 every day or one every 11 seconds.

But most of them are very weak or they happen in places where nobody lives. Some of them take place on the sea floor.

Where do earthquakes happen?

Earthquakes occur all over the world but there are places where they happen more often. Big earthquakes can be found where plates meet.

80% of the world’s earthquakes happen around the Pacific Ocean—near the east coast of Asia and the west coast of America. Japan has over 2,000 earthquakes every year and California and South America are also very active earthquake zones. The edge of the Pacific Ocean is also called the «Ring of Fire» because there are also many active volcanoes in this region.

7 стр., 3223 слов

На английском языке Что будет через 10 лет?/ What Will Happen …

… мы выбирали свой жизненный путь? Мечтали о том, кем я буду через 10 лет? Повлияли на нашу будущую профессию родители? Если да, то довольны ли мы их влиянием? … теперь непосредственно перейду к своему мнению насчёт того, какой же я вижу себя через 10 лет. Знаете, 10 лет — это достаточно большой срок. Многое за это время, конечно же, …

Earthquake waves

When there is a sudden movement in the earth’s crust, energy moves in the form of waves. It’s like dropping something into water.

Body waves move through the inner part of the earth and surface waves travel over the earth’s surface.

Body waves can travel very fast—up to 8km a second. They travel through rock, water and gas. When they reach other places on the earth’s surface they can be registered there. They are usually the first waves to get to the surface.

Surface waves cause the most damage, but they move very slowly. These waves come at the end of an earthquake.

Man-made earthquakes

Sometimes people can make earthquakes happen. They can fill man-made lakes with water after building a dam—or they test atomic bombs underground. Some of these tests can help scientists find out how quakes happen.

How earthquakes are measured

With a machine called a seismograph scientists can tell where an earthquake happened and how strong it was.

The place in the earth where the movement takes place is called the focus or hypocentre. From here, waves start to spread out in all directions. This focus can be very near to the surface or it can be hundreds of km below it. The area on the surface exactly above the focus is called the epicentre. This is the place where the waves hit first and where the most damage is done.

Whenever an earthquake hits us you hear how powerful it is. The Richter Scale is used to rate the magnitude of earthquakes. Small quakes have a rating of under 4. You won’t see a lot of damage here. Medium-sized earthquakes reach between 5 and 7 on the scale, and the really big ones are above 7. The largest earthquake that has ever been registered was at 9.5 on the Richter scale.

There are more than 100 seismograph stations all over the world. When the earth shakes seismologists compare the information they get and then they can tell where the earthquake really happened.

Effects of earthquakes

Earthquakes make the ground move. Buildings shake and many of them collapse. Landslides also happen when rocks get loose.

Another danger is fire. In 1906 San Francisco was hit by a big earthquake and many houses burned down because they were made of wood.

Earthquakes also can lead to diseases, especially in developing countries. When water supplies are destroyed people don’t have safe water to drink. Sometimes earthquakes also hit hospitals where injured people are treated.

Dealing with earthquakes

We understand earthquakes a lot better today than we did 50 years ago, but we still can’t do very much about them. They are so powerful, that we cannot control them.

Scientists can tell us in which regions earthquakes will probably happen, but they can’t tell us exactly where.

So what can we do about earthquakes? We can make our houses we live in and buildings we work in safer. Today architects use materials that won’t collapse when an earthquake hits—like steel and concrete.

10 стр., 4966 слов

Топик «Знаменитые люди: Исаак Ньютон» (Famous people: …

… 1727 и был похоронен в Вестминстерском аббатстве. Топик по английскому языку: Исаак Ньютон Isaac Newton Birth Isaac Newton was born on 4 … a series of experiments on the composition of light. Many people saw colours of a rainbow but only Newton showed … профессором математики в Лукасиане. Научное общество обратило свое внимание на Ньютона после его изобретения отражающего телескопа в 1668. В 1672 …

The biggest earthquakes in history

200,000 people are killed in one of the deadliest earthquakes in history in Damghan, Iran.

An earthquake in Aleppo, Syria kills 230,000

The deadliest earthquake in history hits Shensi province in China. Almost 1 million people are killed.

The most serious earthquake in Europe hits Lisbon, Portugal. The whole city is destroyed. About 70,000 people get killed.

The city of San Francisco is hit by a large earthquake. A big fire destroys most of the city. About 500 people die.

Messina, Sicily is totally destroyed by a large earthquake. About 70,000 people are killed.

Tokyo, Japan is destroyed by an earthquake with a magnitude of 8.3. 150,000 people are killed.

The strongest earthquake ever recorded hits Chile. It reaches 9.5 on the Richter scale. 20,000 people die.

The strongest earthquake in North America hits Anchorage Alaska. Ocean waves reach a height of 20 metres. 200 people are killed.

The biggest earthquake ever recorded in China leaves 242,000 people dead.

Рассказ про землетрясение на английском

Рассказ про землетрясение на английском

Earthquakes happen when two large pieces of the Earth’s crust suddenly slip. This causes shock waves to shake the surface of the Earth in the form of an earthquake.

That’s about as fast as your hair grows.

Scientists use seismic waves to measure how big an earthquake is. They use a device called a seismograph to measure the size of the waves. The size of the waves is called the magnitude.

To tell the strength of an earthquake scientists use a scale called the Moment Magnitude Scale or MMS (it used to be called the Richter scale).

The larger the number on the MMS scale, the larger the earthquake. You usually won’t even notice an earthquake unless it measures at least a 3 on the MMS scale. Here are some examples of what may happen depending on the scale:

Can scientists predict earthquakes?

Unfortunately scientists cannot predict earthquakes. The best they can do today is point out where fault lines are so we know where earthquakes are likely to occur.

2 стр., 832 слов

По русскому языку : «Как вести себя во время землетрясения»

… начала стихии. В небе слышен резкий крик птиц. Перед крупным землетрясением на небе появляются необычные блики, похожие на полярное сияние, облака странной формы в виде продолговатых лент. … надо срочно грести к берегу, где нет высотных зданий, и поскорее выбраться на сушу. Землетрясение может вызвать сильные волны и даже цунами. После первого толчка может …

Fun Facts about Earthquakes

Рассказ про землетрясение на английском с переводом

Чтобы определить силу землетрясения, ученые используют шкалу, называемую Шкала магнитуды момента или MMS (ее раньше называли шкалой Рихтера).

Чем больше число в шкале MMS, тем сильнее землетрясение. Обычно вы даже не заметите землетрясение, если оно не оценивается как минимум в 3 балла по шкале MMS. Вот несколько примеров того, что может произойти в зависимости от масштаба:

4.0 — Может потрясти твой дом, как будто рядом проезжает большой грузовик. Некоторые люди могут не заметить.

6.0 — Материал упадет с полок. Стены в некоторых домах могут треснуть, а окна разбиться. Практически все, кто находится рядом с центром, почувствуют это.

7.0 — Более слабые здания будут разрушаться, и на мостах и на улице будут появляться трещины.

8.0 — Многие здания и мосты рушатся. Большие трещины в земле.

9.0 и выше — целые города разрушены и нанесен масштабный ущерб.

Могут ли ученые предсказывать землетрясения?

Забавные факты о землетрясениях

Топик по английскому «Natural disasters»

Рубрика: Природа

Топик по английскому «Natural disasters» составлен для тех, кто хочет пополнить свой словарный запас по теме природных явлений и катастроф. Текст может стать основой для школьного сочинения или презентации, а также помочь при сдаче государственных экзаменов. К топику прилагается аудио запись.

3 стр., 1443 слов

На английском языке Семь чудес света/ Seven Wonders of The World …

… палец. В связи с этим чудо света приходится регулярно реставрировать при помощи камня, специально оставленного от первоначального строительства монумента. Тем не менее посмотреть на огромную статую Христа-Искупителя … лет. Однако после окончания работ скульптура простояла чуть более 50 лет: чудо не выдержало землетрясения, которое произошло в 226 или 227 году до н. э. Мавзолей …

Natural disasters like earthquakes, tornado, tsunami and floods happen more frequently nowadays. There are many reasons why they occur, but the main one is related to human activity on Earth which often has a negative impact on our environment.

All kinds of disasters are usually very damaging. Many dwellings, roads and even whole streets and cities are ruined. The number of victims usually terrifies as hundreds or even thousands of people get injured or die in disasters. However, each disaster has a different nature.

For example, an earthquake is the result of the tectonic plates’ movement which leads to the shaking of a certain area on land. Earthquakes destroy buildings and people usually become victims because they get stuck or killed under the rubble.

Tornado is also a natural disaster which looks like an enormous column of the wind which lifts cars, bicycles, furniture and many other things. It is also called a twister and it can be very dangerous if touches the surface of the ground or water.

Flood in its turn happens when rivers burst their banks. Most extended floods damage cities and wash away whole populated places. Tsunami is another natural disaster which arises as a series of huge waves caused by underwater earthquakes.

Thus, there are many natural disasters which are dangerous for all of us. We should be careful and treat our planet better in order not to die with it.

Перевод:

Природные катаклизмы, такие как землетрясения, торнадо, цунами и наводнения, теперь случаются все чаще. Существует много причин, из-за которых они возникают, но основная причина связана с деятельностью человека, которая часто оказывает негативное воздействие на нашу окружающую среду.

Все виды природных катастроф обычно разрушительны. Разрушаются многие здания, дороги и даже целые улицы и города. Число жертв обычно приводит в ужас, так как сотни и даже тысячи людей получают ранения, или погибают в катастрофах. Однако у каждого катаклизма своя природа.

Например, землетрясение – результат движения тектонических плит, которое приводит к сотрясению определенной территории земли. Землетрясения разрушают здания, и люди обычно становятся жертвами из-за того, что застревают или погибают под обломками.

Торнадо – также относится к катастрофам природного характера, которая имеет вид огромного столба ветра, поднимающего над землей машины, велосипеды, мебель и многие другие вещи. Торнадо также зовут вихрем, и он может быть весьма опасным, если коснется поверхности земли или воды.

Наводнения, в свою очередь, происходят, когда реки выходят из берегов. Большинство обширных наводнений наносят вред городам и смывают целые населенные пункты. Цунами – еще один природный катаклизм, который возникает в виде нескольких огромных волн, спровоцированных подводными землетрясениями.

Таким образом, существует множество природных катаклизмов, которые опасны для всех нас. Нам следует быть осторожнее и лучше относиться к нашей планете, чтобы не погибнуть вместе с ней.

1 стр., 457 слов

На закрытии творческой лаборатории New Opera World прозвучала опера «Ринальдо»

… постановках мог только мечтать, «Ринальдо» — настоящий подарок. Ведь у Генделя много партий для редких контртеноров. Как у Андрея Частухина. «Барочные оперы начинают пользоваться спросом, и в … принципе нереально сейчас получить никому», — рассказала гендиректор оперно-симфонической Лаборатории New Opera World Анна Селиванова. Пятая Лаборатория особая. Если раньше это был своеобразный кастинг — …

Natural disaster – природный катаклизм

Environment – окружающая среда

To ruin/to destroy – разрушать

Under the rubble – под обломками

To burst the banks – выходить из берегов

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Germany v Sweden — 2018 protest save Nature: The world’s most destructive human intervention in nature: Stop oil production Sands. World to save natur: Help save mother Earth. Earthquake world Climate change and Environmental disasters in the world related to mining oil, gas, coal, salt, soil, gravel, sand, stone, ore and so on. Save the planet, to admire the beauty of nature and save the world from ecological disaster. All of the causes of environmental katostrofy happens all over the world from mining oil, coal, gas, iron ore, salt, diamonds, gold, sand, soil and so on. Environmental pollution around the world poses a serious threat to all worldwide. Live Earth be in great danger. There are many things that negatively affect the Earth: mining coal, oil, gas and so on, emissions from factories and exhaust gases, deforestation, poisoning of air and water pollution, depletion of the ozone layer and catastrophically global changes of climate all over the world. I, Nazar Pervobytnyi ask all people in the world, let’s live together according to the laws of Nature and save the Nature. Environmental pollution is one of the most acute problems of the world.

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What is an earthquake?

An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip [сдвиг] past one another. The surface where they slip is called the fault [разлом] or fault plane [плоскость разлома]. The location below the earth’s surface where the earthquake starts is called the hypocenter [гипоцентр], and the location directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter.

Sometimes an earthquake has foreshocks [предвестник землетрясения]. These are smaller earthquakes that happen in the same place as the larger earthquake that follows. Scientists can’t tell that an earthquake is a foreshock until the larger earthquake happens. The largest, main earthquake is called the mainshock. Mainshocks always have aftershocks [толчок после основного землетрясения] that follow. These are smaller earthquakes that occur afterwards in the same place as the mainshock. Depending on the size of the mainshock, aftershocks can continue for weeks, months, and even years after the mainshock!

What causes earthquakes and where do they happen?

The earth has four major layers: the inner core, outer core, mantle [(земная) мантия] and crust [земная кора]. The crust and the top of the mantle make up a thin skin on the surface of our planet. But this skin is not all in one piece – it is made up of many pieces like a puzzle covering the surface of the earth. Not only that, but these puzzle pieces keep slowly moving around, sliding past one another and bumping into each other. We call these puzzle pieces tectonic plates, and the edges of the plates are called the plate boundaries. The plate boundaries are made up of many faults, and most of the earthquakes around the world occur on these faults. Since the edges of the plates are rough, they get stuck while the rest of the plate keeps moving. Finally, when the plate has moved far enough, the edges unstick on one of the faults and there is an earthquake.

Why does the earth shake when there is an earthquake?

While the edges of faults are stuck together, and the rest of the block is moving, the energy that would normally cause the blocks to slide past one another is being stored up. When the force of the moving blocks finally overcomes the friction of the jagged [зазубренный; неровно оторванный] edges of the fault and it unsticks, all that stored up energy is released. The energy radiates outward from the fault in all directions in the form of seismic waves like ripples on a pond. The seismic waves shake the earth as they move through it, and when the waves reach the earth’s surface, they shake the ground and anything on it, like our houses and us!

How are earthquakes recorded?

Earthquakes are recorded by instruments called seismographs. The recording they make is called a seismogram. The seismograph has a base that sets firmly in the ground, and a heavy weight that hangs free. When an earthquake causes the ground to shake, the base of the seismograph shakes too, but the hanging weight does not. Instead the spring or string that it is hanging from absorbs all the movement. The difference in position between the shaking part of the seismograph and the motionless part is what is recorded.

How do scientists measure the size of earthquakes?

The size of an earthquake depends on the size of the fault and the amount of slip on the fault, but that’s not something scientists can simply measure with a measuring tape since faults are many kilometers deep beneath the earth’s surface. So how do they measure an earthquake? They use the seismogram recordings made on the seismographs at the surface of the earth to determine how large the earthquake was. A short wiggly line that doesn’t wiggle [move from side to side] very much means a small earthquake, and a long wiggly line that wiggles a lot means a large earthquake. The length of the wiggle depends on the size of the fault, and the size of the wiggle depends on the amount of slip.

The size of the earthquake is called its magnitude. There is one magnitude for each earthquake. Scientists also talk about the intensity of shaking from an earthquake, and this varies depending on where you are during the earthquake.

Can scientists predict earthquakes?

No, and it is unlikely they will ever be able to predict them. Scientists have tried many different ways of predicting earthquakes, but none have been successful. On any particular fault, scientists know there will be another earthquake sometime in the future, but they have no way of telling when it will happen.

Is there such a thing as earthquake weather? Can some animals or people tell when an earthquake is about to hit?

These are two questions that do not yet have definite answers. If weather does affect earthquake occurrence, or if some animals or people can tell when an earthquake is coming, we do not yet understand how it works.

Источник: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids/eqscience.php

Источник