Представлено сочинение на английском языке ГМО/ GMO с переводом на русский язык.
| GMO | ГМО |
| GMOs are organisms with changed genetic makeup. They are widely discussed nowadays, as it is still unknown whether they are healthy or not. | ГМО – это организмы с измененной генетикой. Их активно обсуждают в настоящее время, так как до сих пор неизвестно, являются ли они полезными для здоровья или нет. |
| These organisms include various microorganisms, such as bacteria and yeast. They are the source of GM food. Genetically-modified organisms go through mutation of genes, their insertion or deletion. | В них входят различные микроорганизмы, такие как бактерии и дрожжи. Они являются источником ГМ-продуктов. Генетически — модифицированные организмы проходят через мутацию генов, их введение или исключение. |
| Humans have been practicing genetic modifications since they first domesticated animals and plants. In the 20th century genetic engineering has reached its peak, thanks to modern technology. | Люди занимались генной модификацией с тех пор, как они приручили животных и стали выращивать растения. В 20-м веке генная инженерия достигла своего пика, благодаря современным технологиям. |
| Today, GMOs are used in medicine, research, pharmaceutical sphere, agriculture. Speaking of genetically-modified food, people show different opinions. Some say they should be banned as they are unhealthy, others state that they are safe for human consumption. Supporters of genetic engineering are convinced that GMO have the same breeding, but is much faster to derive. Besides, it promises to cure some inherited diseases. | Сегодня ГМО используют в медицине, научных исследованиях, фармацевтической сфере, сельском хозяйстве. Говоря о генетически — модифицированных продуктах, люди высказывают различные мнения. Некоторые говорят, что их нужно запретить, поскольку они не полезны для здоровья, другие утверждают, что они безопасны для потребления человеком. Сторонники генной инженерии уверены, что ГМО относится к тому же поколению продуктов, но их гораздо быстрее получать. Кроме того, возможно, что с их помощью будут лечить некоторые наследственные заболевания. |
| However, critics are against GMO, as its effect hasn’t been studied long enough. Some studies have shown that GM food is bad for human liver and kidney, because of antibiotics and hormones, which are given to cows and chickens. Moreover, genetic engineering might use allergens in food, which can result into allergic reactions in people. Another argument against GMO is the desire of large corporations to make money. They don’t care about human health, they just work on making modified fruit and vegetables to look better, which doesn’t add to its taste or freshness. | Тем не менее, критики выступают против ГМО, так как их эффект не был достаточно изучен. Некоторые исследования показали, что ГМ-продукты плохо влияют на печень и почки человека, из-за антибиотиков и гормонов, которые вводят в организм коров и кур. Кроме того, генная инженерия может использовать в пище аллергены, что приведет к аллергическим реакциям у людей. Другой аргумент против ГМО – это желание крупных корпораций заработать деньги. Они не заботятся о здоровье человека, они просто работают над тем, чтобы модифицированные фрукты и овощи выглядели лучше, но это не отражается на их вкусе или свежести. |
| Thus, the problem of GMO still remains unsolved and controversial. | Таким образом, проблема ГМО до сих пор остается нерешенной и спорной. |
Эссе (сочинение) по английскому языку на тему: The production and sale of genetically-modified food should be banned
ЭССЕ (СОЧИНЕНИЕ)
In an effort to improve our food supply, scientists have discovered ways to genetically modify food so that it grows faster and is less susceptible to disease. But should the production and sale of genetically-modified food be banned?
In my opinion, I would prefer that producing and selling this type of food was banned. I don’t think that we should be consuming something that has been changed genetically. It is difficult to know what this is going to do to our bodies, and the quality of the food may suffer as well. Even if it tastes the same, it could cause problems in our bodies, such as cancer or other
ailments.
But some people believe that we should allow genetically-modified food to be produced and sold. They feel this way because we have food shortages in the world, and if science can allow us to increase our food supply, we should explore the option.
While I agree with this intention, I think that there must be a better way to handle food shortages than modifying the genetics of food. We could develop better farming techniques, or start producing more food in cities.
In conclusion, my opinion is that we should not be consuming genetically-modified foods, so they should not be made available to consumers. We should only eat foods that are as nature intended them to be.
Сочинение на тему “ГМО” на английском языке с переводом на русский язык |
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GMO |
ГМО |
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What do we know about genetically modified organisms, or GMO? First of all, almost all people know that genetically modified food is harmful. We heard a lot about it at the beginning of the 21st century – then many discussions were made to determine if it was actually harmful. Now scientists have proved that not all genetically modified food is dangerous for human health. Moreover, genetically modified organisms are used in different fields. |
Что мы знаем о генетически модифицированных организмах, или ГМО? Прежде всего, почти все люди знают, что генетически модифицированные продукты питания вредны. Мы много слышали об этом в начале XXI века – тогда было много дискуссий, посвященных тому, чтобы определить, действительно ли это вредно. Теперь ученые доказали, что не всякая генетически модифицированная пища опасна для здоровья человека. Кроме того, генетически модифицированные организмы используются в различных областях. |
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Genetically modified organisms are those whose genetic material was changed using genetic engineering techniques. Genetically modified organisms are used in different fields such as biology, medicine, agriculture. In medicine they can be used for the production of medication or in the experimental medicine, for example, for development of vaccines. By the way, the first organisms whose genetic material was changed were microbes. They can be easily modified and can be used in the experiments. |
Генетически модифицированные организмы – это те, чей генотип был изменен при помощи методов генной инженерии. Генетически модифицированные организмы используются в различных областях, таких как биология, медицина, сельское хозяйство. В медицине они могут быть использованы для производства лекарств или в экспериментальной медицине, например, для разработки вакцин. Кстати, первыми организмами, генотип которых был изменен, были бактерии. Их генотип можно легко модифицировать, а также их можно использовать в экспериментах. |
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As it has already been mentioned, genetically modified organisms are widely used in agriculture. Some wonderful roses can be the result of genetic modification, for example, Suntory “blue” rose. Some plant species threatened by extinction can be saved using genetic engineering techniques. It means that scientists transfer resistant genes. Genetically modified organisms can be used in gene therapy to cure human diseases. |
Как уже отмечалось, генетически модифицированные организмы широко используются в сельском хозяйстве. Некоторые прекрасные розы могут быть результатом генетической модификации, например, синяя роза Сантори. Некоторые виды растений, которым угрожает исчезновение, могут быть сохранены при помощи методов генной инженерии. Это означает, что ученые пересаживают им устойчивые гены. Генетически модифицированные организмы могут использоваться в генотерапии для лечения заболеваний человека. |
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As we can see, genetically modified organisms are very useful. Their application in some fields is very important, for example, in medicine. In my opinion, scientists have achieved high results in it. |
Как мы видим, генетически модифицированные организмы очень полезны. Их применение в некоторых областях очень важно, например, в медицине. На мой взгляд, ученые добились в этом высоких результатов. |
Essay topic
For a long time there has been concern about the quality of the food we eat because of additives and contaminants. Recently genetically modified (GM) food has become more common, causing concern. Is this concern justified or not?
Sample essay
People are getting more and more concerned about the quality of food they eat. The rich and the famous have already switched to organic foods. Such foods are costly and nutritious. Unfortunately, few people can afford them. Those who cannot afford to buy organic foods are also making a conscious effort to choose foods wisely. They refuse to buy foods containing additives and preservatives. Some of them are also against genetically modified foods. They are worried that GM foods might cause diseases like cancer. However, till date, we haven’t got anything to prove that GM foods cause cancer.
GM foods have been around for over 20 years. Contrary to popular belief these foods have not been linked to cancer or another disease. There have been several studies, but none managed to prove that GM crops cause cancer.
Organic foods are certainly healthier than GM foods, but their affordability is an issue. Organic foods don’t contain pesticides. Since pesticides are not used, their yield per hectare is low. Because of these reasons organic foods are way beyond the reach of common man. By contrast GM foods are cheaper. GM plants are resistant to droughts, floods and pests. They can be grown using very little water. Also, they can resist pests. They provide better yields and hence prices are low.
Over the last few decades, there has been a dramatic increase in world population. The world population is expected to reach 8 billion within the next few years. When there is an increase in population, the need for food also increases. In such a scenario, the only practical solution is to grow more GM foods. Unless our scientists find a healthier and cheaper option, GM foods are here to stay.
To conclude, people have the freedom to decide what they should eat. If they are particularly concerned about GM foods, they don’t have to eat such foods. However, in my opinion, these fears are baseless. Many people simply overlook the major benefits of GM foods and instead focus on their unproven negative effects.
May 20, 2013 by mvchaikovskaya
Nowadays a problem of genetically modified food is widespread all over the world. GM foods are genetically modified using biotechnology. More and more GM foods appear on the shelves of our stores and supermarkets nowadays, and make their way into our kitchens. GM foods are designed for greater resistance to viruses and pests, higher nutritional value and longer shelf life. However, their safety, potential risks and ethical concerns are still being debated. So, should genetically modified crops be banned or not?
Proponents of GM foods ensure that these foods are safe for human consumption, but critics argue that their effects have not been studied long enough. First argument for banning GM foods is that it badly affects our health and well-being. Some studies have linked consumptions of GM foods to liver and kidney problems. The antibiotics and hormones given to cows and chickens are found in our bodies and we don’t know yet the extent to which these cause chronic disease. Moreover genetic engineering could introduce allergens into foods, causing allergic reactions in people who eat the foods. Another argument is that GM food does not benefit people, just large corporations that produce and sell them. In the most cases the vegetables are modified to look better and be larger so that these companies can make more money. They do not add to the taste or freshness of nutrition of the food.
On the other hand GM products along with disadvantages have their benefits too. A lot of people believe that genetically modified foods can help to solve the food crisis in future, and so help humanity to survive. Firstly, all of sorts of GM plants are stable against illnesses and mean weather.Also, GM food is cold tolerant. An antifreeze gene has been introduced into plants such as tobacco and potato. With this antifreeze gene, these plants are able to tolerate cold temperatures that normally would kill unmodified seedlings. Secondly, they ripen fast and keep longer than usual plants. It is easier to transport them and keep fresh for a long time.
In my opinion, genetic engineering should be banned because young generation will have different diseases because of eating unhealthful food. Of course, this is a huge industry nowadays that obviously can’t be stopped, but I believe that there are other ways to save people from hunger.
References:
1. “Genetically Modified Crops Should be Banned” <http://debatewise.org/debates/237-genetically-modified-crops-should-be-banned/>
2. Murphy, Tom. “The Arguments for and Against Genetically Modified (GM) Food.” N.p., 15 06 2009. Web. 22 Apr. 2013. <http://voices.yahoo.com/the-arguments-against-genetically-modified-2487771.html>
3.Gray, Louise. “Ten tweets for and against GM”. Environment Correspondent 4:04PM GMT 24 Jan 2011 <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/8279112/Ten-tweets-for-and-against-GM.html>
4. “Should Genetically Modified Foods (GM Foods) Be Banned? – Facts & Infographic” <http://www.mapsofworld.com/poll/should-genetically-modified-foods-be-banned.html>
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