Представлено сочинение на английском языке ГМО/ GMO с переводом на русский язык.
| GMO | ГМО |
| GMOs are organisms with changed genetic makeup. They are widely discussed nowadays, as it is still unknown whether they are healthy or not. | ГМО – это организмы с измененной генетикой. Их активно обсуждают в настоящее время, так как до сих пор неизвестно, являются ли они полезными для здоровья или нет. |
| These organisms include various microorganisms, such as bacteria and yeast. They are the source of GM food. Genetically-modified organisms go through mutation of genes, their insertion or deletion. | В них входят различные микроорганизмы, такие как бактерии и дрожжи. Они являются источником ГМ-продуктов. Генетически — модифицированные организмы проходят через мутацию генов, их введение или исключение. |
| Humans have been practicing genetic modifications since they first domesticated animals and plants. In the 20th century genetic engineering has reached its peak, thanks to modern technology. | Люди занимались генной модификацией с тех пор, как они приручили животных и стали выращивать растения. В 20-м веке генная инженерия достигла своего пика, благодаря современным технологиям. |
| Today, GMOs are used in medicine, research, pharmaceutical sphere, agriculture. Speaking of genetically-modified food, people show different opinions. Some say they should be banned as they are unhealthy, others state that they are safe for human consumption. Supporters of genetic engineering are convinced that GMO have the same breeding, but is much faster to derive. Besides, it promises to cure some inherited diseases. | Сегодня ГМО используют в медицине, научных исследованиях, фармацевтической сфере, сельском хозяйстве. Говоря о генетически — модифицированных продуктах, люди высказывают различные мнения. Некоторые говорят, что их нужно запретить, поскольку они не полезны для здоровья, другие утверждают, что они безопасны для потребления человеком. Сторонники генной инженерии уверены, что ГМО относится к тому же поколению продуктов, но их гораздо быстрее получать. Кроме того, возможно, что с их помощью будут лечить некоторые наследственные заболевания. |
| However, critics are against GMO, as its effect hasn’t been studied long enough. Some studies have shown that GM food is bad for human liver and kidney, because of antibiotics and hormones, which are given to cows and chickens. Moreover, genetic engineering might use allergens in food, which can result into allergic reactions in people. Another argument against GMO is the desire of large corporations to make money. They don’t care about human health, they just work on making modified fruit and vegetables to look better, which doesn’t add to its taste or freshness. | Тем не менее, критики выступают против ГМО, так как их эффект не был достаточно изучен. Некоторые исследования показали, что ГМ-продукты плохо влияют на печень и почки человека, из-за антибиотиков и гормонов, которые вводят в организм коров и кур. Кроме того, генная инженерия может использовать в пище аллергены, что приведет к аллергическим реакциям у людей. Другой аргумент против ГМО – это желание крупных корпораций заработать деньги. Они не заботятся о здоровье человека, они просто работают над тем, чтобы модифицированные фрукты и овощи выглядели лучше, но это не отражается на их вкусе или свежести. |
| Thus, the problem of GMO still remains unsolved and controversial. | Таким образом, проблема ГМО до сих пор остается нерешенной и спорной. |
Сочинение на тему “ГМО” на английском языке с переводом на русский язык |
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GMO |
ГМО |
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What do we know about genetically modified organisms, or GMO? First of all, almost all people know that genetically modified food is harmful. We heard a lot about it at the beginning of the 21st century – then many discussions were made to determine if it was actually harmful. Now scientists have proved that not all genetically modified food is dangerous for human health. Moreover, genetically modified organisms are used in different fields. |
Что мы знаем о генетически модифицированных организмах, или ГМО? Прежде всего, почти все люди знают, что генетически модифицированные продукты питания вредны. Мы много слышали об этом в начале XXI века – тогда было много дискуссий, посвященных тому, чтобы определить, действительно ли это вредно. Теперь ученые доказали, что не всякая генетически модифицированная пища опасна для здоровья человека. Кроме того, генетически модифицированные организмы используются в различных областях. |
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Genetically modified organisms are those whose genetic material was changed using genetic engineering techniques. Genetically modified organisms are used in different fields such as biology, medicine, agriculture. In medicine they can be used for the production of medication or in the experimental medicine, for example, for development of vaccines. By the way, the first organisms whose genetic material was changed were microbes. They can be easily modified and can be used in the experiments. |
Генетически модифицированные организмы – это те, чей генотип был изменен при помощи методов генной инженерии. Генетически модифицированные организмы используются в различных областях, таких как биология, медицина, сельское хозяйство. В медицине они могут быть использованы для производства лекарств или в экспериментальной медицине, например, для разработки вакцин. Кстати, первыми организмами, генотип которых был изменен, были бактерии. Их генотип можно легко модифицировать, а также их можно использовать в экспериментах. |
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As it has already been mentioned, genetically modified organisms are widely used in agriculture. Some wonderful roses can be the result of genetic modification, for example, Suntory “blue” rose. Some plant species threatened by extinction can be saved using genetic engineering techniques. It means that scientists transfer resistant genes. Genetically modified organisms can be used in gene therapy to cure human diseases. |
Как уже отмечалось, генетически модифицированные организмы широко используются в сельском хозяйстве. Некоторые прекрасные розы могут быть результатом генетической модификации, например, синяя роза Сантори. Некоторые виды растений, которым угрожает исчезновение, могут быть сохранены при помощи методов генной инженерии. Это означает, что ученые пересаживают им устойчивые гены. Генетически модифицированные организмы могут использоваться в генотерапии для лечения заболеваний человека. |
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As we can see, genetically modified organisms are very useful. Their application in some fields is very important, for example, in medicine. In my opinion, scientists have achieved high results in it. |
Как мы видим, генетически модифицированные организмы очень полезны. Их применение в некоторых областях очень важно, например, в медицине. На мой взгляд, ученые добились в этом высоких результатов. |
Pros of genetically modified foods
1. GMO foods can have vitamins and minerals added to them through genetic modifications to increase their nutritional value.
ГМО-продукты могут содержать витамины и минералы, добавленные посредством генетических модификаций, чтобы повышает их питательную ценность.
2. Genetically modified plants are more resistant to diseases, insects and weather impact.
Генетически модифицированные растения более устойчивы к болезням, насекомым и погодным воздействиям.
3. They grow and ripen faster.
Они быстрее растут и созревают.
4. GM-foods are stored longer.
ГМО-продукты хранятся дольше.
5. They have better taste and quality. For example, peppers can become spicier or sweeter.
У них лучше вкус и качество. Например, перец может сделать острее или слаще.
Cons of genetically modified foods
1. Genetically modified plants may damage the environment.
Генетически модифицированные растения могут нанести вред окружающей среде.
2. GMO foods production costs as much as production of non-GMO foods. So, there is no real economic value.
Производство продуктов с ГМО стоит столько же, сколько и производство продуктов, не содержащих ГМО. То есть реальной экономической выгоды нет.
3. Some scientists state that the consumption of GMO foods increases the risks of food-based allergies.
Некоторые ученые заявляют, что употребление ГМО-продуктов увеличивает риск пищевой аллергии.
4. Consumption of genetically modified foods, presumably, can provoke development of cancer, emergence of new viruses.
Потребление ГМ продуктов, предположительно, может спровоцировать развитие рака, появление новых вирусов.
5. There is a possibility of extinction of some plant species.
Существует вероятность исчезновения некоторых видов растений.
In an effort to improve our food supply, scientists have discovered ways to genetically modify food so that it grows faster and is less susceptible to disease. But should the production and sale of genetically-modified food be banned?
In my opinion, I would prefer that producing and selling this type of food was banned. I don’t think that we should be consuming something that has been changed genetically. It is difficult to know what this is going to do to our bodies, and the quality of the food may suffer as well. Even if it tastes the same, it could cause problems in our bodies, such as cancer or other ailments.
But some people believe that we should allow genetically-modified food to be produced and sold. They feel this way because we have food shortages in the world, and if science can allow us to increase our food supply, we should explore the option.
While I agree with this intention, I think that there must be a better way to handle food shortages than modifying the genetics of food. We could develop better farming techniques, or start producing more food in cities.
In conclusion, my opinion is that we should not be consuming genetically-modified foods, so they should not be made available to consumers. We should only eat foods that are as nature intended them to be.
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With the passing years and developing technology, life seems to be in the hands of machines, the latest acquisition being the production of genetically modified food. Also known as genetically engineered foods, these foods are modified by inserting genes of other species into their DNA. Against the traditional art of cropping, such foods are not subject to desirable environmental conditions or soil quality.
According to experts, the advantage of modified food is that it helps in preventing the occurrence of allergies and also has a long shelf life. However, a major portion of the population is against the consumption of genetically modified food and is concerned about its disadvantages. If you are also confused about the consumption of genetically modified food, read through the pros and cons given below and decide for yourself.
Advantages of Genetically Modified Foods
One of the most prominent advantages of genetically modified food is that it helps
in controlling the occurrence of certain diseases. Certain foods causes allergy to people. Their genetic modification alters the DNA system of these foods, thereby making them non-allergic. Another major advantage of such type of foods is that they grow faster than their traditionally grown counterparts. As a result, there is greater productivity and more food. Genetically modified foods are not subjected to monsoon or soil incompetence. As a result, in places that experience frequent droughts or have poor soil conditions, genetically modified foods come as a boon. A person need not bother about any additional costs, such as buying chemicals and pesticides, when it comes to genetically engineered food.
The food is naturally pest-resistant. Genetically modified food can bring financial gain and help people fight poverty. Since the crop grows in a customized condition, it would come to the aid of people where regular crops would not prosper. Farming these foods can be a great way to fight world hunger. Since these crops grow faster or more effectively, increased production would help countries wherein crops may not normally prosper because of less than desirable environmental conditions. Genetically modified food can help people who that lack nutrients in their diet. As compared
to the traditionally grown crops, these foods contain more minerals and vitamins. The increased shelf life of these food products helps in reducing the quantity of rotten food.
Disadvantages of Genetically Modified Foods
The biggest disadvantage of genetically modified food is that they have harmful effects on the human body. The consumption of these genetically engineered foods can lead to development of diseases that are immune to antibiotics. Chances of developing cancer are high in people who regularly consume engineered food. Since it is an unnatural way of producing foods, there is an increased health hazard such as allergens, transfer of antibiotic resistance markers and unknown effects.
Genetically engineered food can cause potential environmental impact with the unintended transfer of transgenes through cross-pollination, unknown effects on other organisms and loss of flora & fauna biodiversity. Since the production of engineered food involves infusing animal genes in the crops and tampering with nature, it might not be good for consumption in the long run. Genetically engineered food would increase the dependency of developing countries, on industrialized nations. This would result in a dominance of the world food production by a few countries. New advances may be skewed to the interests of rich countries.
Genetically modified food Pro and con – Генетически модифицированная еда За и против
Эссе (сочинение) по английскому языку на тему: The production and sale of genetically-modified food should be banned
ЭССЕ (СОЧИНЕНИЕ)
In an effort to improve our food supply, scientists have discovered ways to genetically modify food so that it grows faster and is less susceptible to disease. But should the production and sale of genetically-modified food be banned?
In my opinion, I would prefer that producing and selling this type of food was banned. I don’t think that we should be consuming something that has been changed genetically. It is difficult to know what this is going to do to our bodies, and the quality of the food may suffer as well. Even if it tastes the same, it could cause problems in our bodies, such as cancer or other
ailments.
But some people believe that we should allow genetically-modified food to be produced and sold. They feel this way because we have food shortages in the world, and if science can allow us to increase our food supply, we should explore the option.
While I agree with this intention, I think that there must be a better way to handle food shortages than modifying the genetics of food. We could develop better farming techniques, or start producing more food in cities.
In conclusion, my opinion is that we should not be consuming genetically-modified foods, so they should not be made available to consumers. We should only eat foods that are as nature intended them to be.