Solar panels keep buildings cool егэ

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  09  ( part 3)

Side by Side

    Melissa dropped into a chair in front of her manager’s cherry veneer desk. ‘I don’t know how people with kids can do this job,’ the 25-year-old radio advertising sales rep said.

    Her boss, Laurie Thompson, had heard such self-doubt before. Her six salespeople at Connoisseur Media in Erie often popped into her office to give vent to their A22 frustrations about a tough day of cold-calling.

    Laurie nodded. She didn’t have children, A23 devoting herself instead to a sales career, running marathons, cycling, sailing and spending time with her husband. ‘I don’t think I’ll ever have kids, though that would really disappoint my parents,’ Melissa said.

    ‘Why? Because you’re A24 an only child?’ Laurie asked. Melissa said her parents would be disappointed because they A25 longed for grandkids. Then she added, almost as an afterthought, ‘I was adopted.’ From the time she was tiny, Melissa knew that she was adopted.

    Her new parents were always open with their daughter about where she came from. Along the way, Melissa grew A26 accustomed to questions from people who had learnt she was adopted. So she wasn’t at all A27  hesitant  about answering her boss that afternoon.

    ‘Have you ever had a desire to meet your real parents?’ Laurie asked.

    ‘Not really,’ Melissa said. ‘It’s not that I don’t want to. It’s just that I haven’t got around to it. And I don’t feel like I’m missing anything. My parents are wonderful.’

    Melissa laughed and was about to leave when Laurie asked her another question.

   ‘When were you born?’

   ‘April 14, 1981.’ Then, feeling she’d taken A28 up enough of her boss’s time, Melissa said goodbye and headed home.

А22	1) happiness счастье	2) joy радость	3) frustrations чувство разочарования, неудовлетворенности	4) tears слезы
А23	1) preparing Prepare — подготавливать(ся)	2) concentrating Сoncentratе — концентрировать(ся)	3) involving Involve — вовлекать	4) devoting Devote — посвящать, отдавать
А24	1) —	2) the	3) a	4) an Перед гласным звуком ставим AN
А25	1) wanted	2) needed	3) desired	4) longed Long for — страстно желать чего-либо; другие 3 слова с FOR не употребляются
А26	1) accustomed Accustom to — приучать к чему-либо; 3 других слова не употребляются с TO	2) annoyed	3) anxious	4) ashamed
А27	1) conscious	2) hesitant Hesitant about -сомневающийся,колеблющийся;3 других слова не употребляются с ABOUT	3) interested	4) reluctant
А28	1) in Take in — ушивать одежду; принимать гостя; собирать	2) over Take over — принимать (должность, обязанности); вступать во владение	3) on Take on — принимать на службу, работу; бросать вызов	4) up Take up — отнимать (время и т.д.); занимать (место)

 

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Those solar panels on top of your roof aren’t just providing clean power; they are cooling your house, or your workplace, too, according to a team of researchers led by Jan Kleissl, a professor of environmental engineering at the UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering.

In a study in an upcoming issue of the journal Solar Energy, Kleissl and his team published what they believe are the first peer-reviewed measurements of the cooling benefits provided by solar photovoltaic panels. Using thermal imaging, researchers determined that during the day, a building’s ceiling was 5 degrees Fahrenheit cooler under solar panels than under an exposed roof. At night, the panels help hold heat in, reducing heating costs in the winter.

«Talk about positive side-effects,» said Kleissl.

As solar panels sprout on an increasing number of residential and commercial roofs, it becomes more important to consider their impact on buildings’ total energy costs, Kleissl said. His team determined that the amount saved on cooling the building amounted to getting a 5 percent discount on the solar panels’ price, over the panels’ lifetime. Or to put it another way, savings in cooling costs amounted to selling 5 percent more solar energy to the grid than the panels are actually producing— for the building researchers studied.

Data for the study was gathered over three days in April on the roof of the Powell Structural Systems Laboratory at the Jacobs School of Engineering with a thermal infrared camera. The building is equipped with tilted solar panels and solar panels that are flush with the roof. Some portions of the roof are not covered by panels.

The panels essentially act as roof shades, said Anthony Dominguez, the graduate student lead on the project. Rather than the sun beating down onto the roof, which causes heat to be pushed through the roof and inside the ceiling of the building, photovoltaic panels take the solar beating. Then much of the heat is removed by wind blowing between the panels and the roof. The benefits are greater if there is an open gap where air can circulate between the building and the solar panel, so tilted panels provide more cooling. Also, the more efficient the solar panels, the bigger the cooling effect, said Kleissl. For the building researchers analyzed, the panels reduced the amount of heat reaching the roof by about 38 percent.

Although the measurements took place over a limited period of time, Kleissl said he is confident his team developed a model that allows them to extrapolate their findings to predict cooling effects throughout the year.

For example, in winter, the panels would keep the sun from heating up the building. But at night, they would also keep in whatever heat accumulated inside. For an area like San Diego, the two effects essentially cancel each other out, Kleissl said.

The idea for the study came about when Kleissl, Dominguez and a group of undergraduate students were preparing for an upcoming conference. They decided the undergraduates should take pictures of Powell’s roof with a thermal infrared camera. The data confirmed the team’s suspicion that the solar panels were indeed cooling the roof, and the building’s ceiling as well.

«There are more efficient ways to passively cool buildings, such as reflective roof membranes,» said Kleissl. «But, if you are considering installing solar photovoltaic, depending on your roof thermal properties, you can expect a large reduction in the amount of energy you use to cool your residence or business.»

If additional funding became available, Kleissl said his team could develop a calculator that people could use to predict the cooling effect on their own roof and in their own climate-specific area. To further increase the accuracy of their models, researchers also could compare two climate-controlled, identical buildings in the same neighborhood, one with solar panels, the other without.

Тест ЕГЭ-2011 по английскому языку.

Демонстрационный вариант (I).

(Ответы в конце теста)

На экзамене вам предложат прослушать аудиозадания. Здесь аудиоматериал заменен текстом.

Во время выполнения теста по аудированию перед каждым заданием дана пауза с тем, чтобы вы смогли просмотреть вопросы к заданию, а также паузы после первичного и повторного предъявления аудиотекста для внесения ответов.

ЧАСТЬ 1

Прослушайте (прочитайте) 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего 1 – 6 и утверждениями, данными в списке A – G. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей буквой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. У вас есть 20 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданием.

Now we are ready to start.

Speaker 1

I love reading. I read detective and spy stories, novels, and romantic and fantasy stories. If I’m stuck on a train or waiting for something and don’t have anything to read, I feel terrible. So something that I spend a lot of money on would probably be books. I always buy a lot of books, magazines and reader’s digests. And I keep all of them at home – my mum says it’s horrible. Also lots of my money goes on audio books. I always share them with friends. Em … it’s kind of an exchange.

Speaker 2

Oh, you know, shiny things really attract me. Every time I have some extra money, I buy bracelets, rings, earrings or necklaces. I wear them everywhere and every day. If I’m shopping somewhere and there is something flashy shining at me, I usually stop and look and very often a salesperson can talk me into buying it. It’s crazy I know. I also love buying books but I don’t spend so much on them.

Speaker 3

Ah, I spend money mostly on um … going out, like going to restaurants or clubs, and things like that. I am a party person, I love hanging out with friends. I don’t actually buy a lot of things, like electronics, books or CDs. I just spend money on going out with my friends, on food and drinks for parties. I really love chatting, dancing and making jokes.

Speaker 4

Something I probably spend too much on is clothes. I guess because I am a girl, I think of shopping as a fun pastime and I find it relaxing. Actually I call it “shopping therapy” to go and buy some new clothes. I often go alone – I don’t need anyone to advise me. I’d say I love the process of choosing and buying things. It really makes me feel good.

Speaker 5

If I had the money I wanted, I would like to go and spend two weeks at every famous place on Earth. I love traveling in comfort. Nowadays it’s very expensive. I read travel magazines and surf the Internet for information about different tours, hotels and sights – and now I know how I want to travel. That’s what I’d spend my money on if I could.

Speaker 6
I usually don’t spend that much money on anything like jewellery or clothes. But then if there is one big expense, it is food. I like desserts, especially ice cream, so when I go out for dinner I definitely have a dessert afterwards. I can’t live without cakes, candies, chocolates and things like that. Who can?

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you will hear the texts again. (Repeat.)
This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers.
(Pause 15 seconds.)

В1.

A) Buying things makes the speaker really happy.

B) The speaker likes sweets.

C) The speaker spends large sums of money travelling over the Internet.

D) Having fun with friends is the speaker’s favourite pastime.

E) The speaker has an impressive collection of books.

F) The speaker dreams of going around the world.

G) The speaker loves wearing a lot of jewellery.

Вы услышите (прочитайте) телефонный разговор. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений А1–А7 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Выберите номер правильного варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды. У вас есть 20 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданиями.

Now we are ready to start.

Receptionist: English Language Center. How may I help you?

Caller: Yes. I’ve heard about your centre from my classmate and I’m calling to find out more information about your program. What kind of courses do you offer?

Receptionist: Well, first of all, the purpose of our program is to provide language learning opportunities for students who would like to master basic language skills, let’s say, for his or her job, or to study intensively to enter a US college or university.

Caller: Okay. I’m calling for a friend who is interested in attending a US university. Can my friend apply for the next semester?

Receptionist: Well, we start in March and always ask applicants to apply no later than two months before the semester begins.

Caller: Alright. What is the tuition fee for a full-time student?

Receptionist: It’s two thousand and thirty dollars.

Caller: And how does one apply?

Receptionist: Well, we can send you an application and you can mail it back to us, or you can fill out the application form that’s on our website.

Caller: And are there other materials I would need to send in addition to the application form?

Receptionist: Uh, yes. You would need to send in a sponsorship form indicating who will be responsible financially for the student while studying in our program, and a bank statement showing that you or your sponsor has enough money to cover tuition expenses and living costs.

Caller: And how can I send these materials to you?

Receptionist: You can either send the application packet by regular mail or you can fax it.

Caller: Alright. I think that’s about it.

Receptionist: Okay great

Caller: Oh and what is your name?

Receptionist: Ok. My name is Tony Nelson. You can just call and ask for me.

Caller: Great. Thank you for your help.

Receptionist: No problem and please don’t hesitate to call again if you have any other questions.
Caller: Okay. Goodbye.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you’ll hear the text again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers.

(Pause 15 seconds.)

А1. The caller has learned about the Language Centre from the media.

1) True

2) False

3) Not stated

А2. The centre offers a six-month course for students who want to go to college.

1) True

2) False

3) Not stated

А3. The caller’s friend is attending a US university.

1) True

2) False

3) Not stated

А4. The new semester begins in two months.

1) True

2) False

3) Not stated

А5. You don’t need to come to the centre to sign up for the course.

1) True

2) False

3) Not stated

А6. The centre expects convincing proof that you can afford the course.

1) True

2) False

3) Not stated

А7. All official documents can be sent to the centre by fax.

1) True

2) False

3) Not stated

Вы услышите (прочитайте) интервью. В заданиях А8 – А14 выберите вариант ответа: 1, 2 или 3. Вы услышите запись дважды. У вас есть 50 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданиями.

Now we are ready to start.

Int: Today in the studio we are talking to Ben Zephani, an activist and member of the environmental group the Green Belt Movement in Kenya. Welcome Ben.

Ben: Thank you.

Int: Well, you know, people nowadays talk a lot about environmental issues. There is great concern about wildlife and the future of the National Parks in Kenya. What’s happening there?

Ben: One of the most serious environmental problems we are facing today is deforestation, which really affects both wildlife and people living around the forests. People need land for their own purposes, like growing crops and raising cattle. So they come, seize pieces of land, cut down trees and start cultivating the land. So many animals were, kind of, forced away. They had to leave their native habitats and find new hunting areas… That’s not really a nice thing.

Int: And what’s happening to the people who actually live around the forest area?

Ben: You know when you tend to interfere in a wild animal’s habitat you somehow create an imbalance between people and animals. And sometimes it’s not really a nice thing because animals tend to come close to where people live, which is really threatening.

Int: So, do they attack people?

Ben: Not that they really attack settlements but they do come in packs, groups, prides or herds constantly migrating from one place to another because of deforestation. So people are vulnerable at any time.

Int: You mean, if I lived there, I could be chased by an angry rhinoceros or an elephant?

Ben: No, actually they don’t chase people because most of the time they just pass by. But at times you come into contact with an unusual animal. You know animals live in packs, so when one animal is rejected from its pack, it’s an angry animal. It cannot join the other packs so it attacks anything and is extremely dangerous. It should not be disturbed. People can do nothing to help it. Anyone who dares to approach it is almost certainly doomed.

Int: Wow! Sounds horrible! I suppose no one would dare to try to catch these wild animals … Well, but what actually causes deforestation?

Ben: People burn wood to produce charcoal and sell it, because, as you know, people there have very poor living conditions, and they try hard to earn an extra dime to support their families. Charcoal is in great demand for cooking and other odd jobs, so people don’t even have to travel anywhere to sell it. It’s a good job. But it’s so destructive.

Int: So what’s being done to try and remedy this, or to try and counterbalance the effect?

Ben: There are three or four large activist groups that are coming together to discuss how to reduce damage to the environment. You all know the Nobel Prize winner Wangari Maathai who is a leader of the Green Belt Movement in Kenya. She’s been trying to discourage people from destroying forests for a long time and to explain what deforestation does to the country and the environment in general and how it affects people in the forest areas. She teaches people to adjust to new conditions and environments. She moves with the times. Wangari supports National parks, conservation areas and safari parks in the country. She helps organize small businesses to learn to earn from ecotourism in the forest areas.

Int: Look, I’ve always wanted to go to Africa and I’m just wondering, if that whole safari business … is really good; if everything you see on the BBC Wildlife channel, you know, documentaries, is true to life.

Ben: It’s not a cliché, but it’s something you have to experience when you get there on safari. The BBC has never lied to their viewers.

Int: Wow! So I could be just out there … driving around in my car and on my own just seeing all those animals?

Ben: I am afraid they won’t let you drive in your own car. They provide services for you. We have in Kenya an institute called the KWS: the Kenya Wildlife Service and it has its own wardens that are highly trained to protect you when you’re in the forest. You just say where and when you want to go, what places and animals you would like to see. Tours are kind of regulated. For example, you will never be allowed to come close to feeding the animals.

Int: All right.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you will hear the text again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers.

(Pause 15 seconds.) 

А8. There is a growing tendency in Kenya to

1) look for new farm land.

2) explore new hunting areas

3) preserve native animal habitats

А9. According to Ben, people living around the forest area

1) try to domesticate some of the wild animals.

2) do their best to stop deforestation in the area.

3) could be in danger from wild animals.

А10. According to Ben, an excommunicated animal is

1) an animal doomed to extinction.

2) an aggressive and uncontrollable animal.

3) an animal that needs people’s help.

А11. Ben claims that people living around the forest area make extra money

1) catching and selling wild animals to the zoos.

2) travelling to other regions and doing odd jobs.

3) trading wooden products.

А12. The Green Belt Movement in Kenya aims at

1) effective exploitation of natural forests.

2) replacing destroyed forests.

3) moving people out from the forest area.

А13. The interviewer is curious to know if

1) the BBC has ever shown programs about wildlife protection in Kenya.

2) all the facts about safari in Kenya presented on BBC television are true.

3) people in Kenya have ever seen any BBC wildlife programs.

А14. Visitors to safari parks in Kenya are allowed to

1) choose their own routes.

2) feed wild animals.

3) drive their own cars.

ЧАСТЬ 2

B2. Установите соответствие между заголовками 1 – 8 и текстами A – G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1) First computers

2) Risky sport

3) Shopping in comfort

4) Difficult task

5) Professional sport

6) Shopping from home 

7) New users

Digging for the past

A) A group of university students from Brazil have been given the job of discovering and locating all the waterfalls in their country. It is not easy because very often the maps are not detailed. The students have to remain in water for long periods of time. Every day they cover a distance of 35 to 40 kilometers through the jungle, each carrying 40 kilos of equipment.

B) For many years now, mail-order shopping has served the needs of a certain kind of customers. Everything they order from a catalogue is delivered to their door. Now, though, e-mail shopping on the Internet has opened up even more opportunities for this kind of shopping.

C) Another generation of computer fans has arrived. They are neither spotty schoolchildren nor intellectual professors, but pensioners who are learning computing with much enthusiasm. It is particularly interesting for people suffering from arthritis as computers offer a way of writing nice clear letters. Now pensioners have discovered the Internet and at the moment they make up the fastest growing membership.

D) Shopping centres are full of all kinds of stores. They are like small, self-contained towns where you can find everything you want. In a large centre, shoppers can find everything they need without having to go anywhere else. They can leave their cars in the shopping centre car park and buy everything in a covered complex, protected from the heat, cold or rain.

E) Not many people know that, back in the fifties, computers were very big, and also very slow. They took up complete floors of a building, and were less powerful, and much slower than any of today’s compact portable computers. At first, the data they had to process and record was fed in on punched-out paper; later magnetic tape was used, but both systems were completely inconvenient.

F) Potholing is a dull name for a most interesting and adventurous sport. Deep underground, on the tracks of primitive men and strange animals who have adapted to life without light, finding unusual landscapes and underground lakes, the potholer lives an exciting adventure. You mustn’t forget, though, that it can be quite dangerous. Without the proper equipment you can fall, get injured or lost.

G) Substantial remains of an octagonal Roman bath house, probably reused as a Christian baptistry, have been uncovered during a student training excavation near Faversham in Kent. The central cold plunge pool was five metres across, and stood within a structure which also had underfloor heating and hot pools, probably originally under a domed roof.

B3. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски1A – F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1 – 7. Одна из частей в списке 1 – 7 – лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

Before the Hubble Space Telescope was launched, scientists thought they knew the universe. They were wrong.

he Hubble Space Telescope has changed many scientists’ view of the universe. The telescope is named after American astronomer Edwin Hubble, A ________________________ .

He established that many galaxies exist and developed the first system for their classifications.

In many ways, Hubble is like any other telescope. It simply gathers light. It is roughly the size of a large school bus. What makes Hubble special is not what it is, B ________________________ .

Hubble was launched in 1990 from the “Discovery” space shuttle and it is about 350 miles above our planet, C ________________________ .

It is far from the glare of city lights, it doesn’t have to look through the air, D______________________.

And what a view it is! Hubble is so powerful it could spot a fly on the moon.

Yet in an average orbit, it uses the same amount of energy as 28 100-watt light bulbs. Hubble pictures require no film. The telescope takes digital images  E________________________ .

Hubble has snapped photos of storms on Saturn and exploding stars. Hubble doesn’t just focus on our solar system. It also peers into our galaxy and beyond. Many Hubble photos show the stars that make up the Milky Way galaxy. A galaxy is a city of stars.

Hubble cannot take pictures of the sun or other very bright objects, because doing so could “fry” the telescope’s instruments, but it can detect infrared and ultra violet light F_______________________ .

Some of the sights of our solar system that Hubble has glimpsed may even change the number of planets in it.

1) which is above Earth’s atmosphere.

2) which are transmitted to scientists on Earth.

3) which is invisible to the human eye.

4) who calculated the speed at which galaxies move.

5) so it has a clear view of space.

6) because many stars are in clouds of gas.

7) but where it is.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15 – А21. В каждом задании выберите вариант ответа: 1, 2, 3 или 4.

The Slob’s Holiday

       My husband and I went to Reno for our holiday last year. “Isn’t that place where people go to get a quickie divorce?” asked my second son? ‘Yes’, I said, trying to look enigmatic and interesting. ‘You are not getting divorced, are you?’ he asked bluntly. ‘No,’ I said, ’we are going to an outdoor pursuit trade fair. The children sighed with relief and slouched away, muttering things like ‘boring’. I call them children, but they are all grown up. My eldest son has started to develop fine lines around his eyes – fledgling crow’s feet. A terrible sight for any parent to see. Anyway, the piece isn’t about children. It’s about holidays.

       The first thing to be said about holidays is that anybody who can afford one should be grateful. The second thing is that planning holidays can be hard work. In our household it starts with somebody muttering, ’I suppose we ought to think about a holiday.’ This remark is usually made in July and is received glumly, as if the person making it has said ‘I suppose we ought to think about the Bolivian balance of payment problems.

       Nothing much happens for a week and then the potential holiday-makers are rounded up and made to consult their diaries. Hospital appointments are taken into consideration, as are important things to do with work. But other highlights on the domestic calendar, such as the cat’s birthday, are swept aside and eventually two weeks are found. The next decision is the most painful: where?

       We travel abroad to work quite a lot but we return tired and weary, so the holiday we are planning is a slob’s holiday: collapse on a sunbed, read a book until the sun goes down, stagger back to hotel room, shower, change into glad rags, eat well, wave good-bye to teenagers, have a last drink on hotel terrace, go to bed and then lie awake and wait for hotel waiters to bring the teenagers from the disco.

       I never want to be guided around another monument, as long as I live. I do not want to be told how many bricks it took to build it. I have a short attention span for such details. I do not want to attend a ‘folk evening’ ever, ever again. The kind where men with their trousers tucked into their socks wave handkerchiefs in the direction of women wearing puff-sleeved blouses, long skirts and headscarves.

       I also want to live dangerously and get brown. I want my doughy English skin change from white sliced to wheat germ. I like the simple pleasure of removing my watch strap and gazing at the patch of virgin skin beneath.

       I don’t want to make new friends – on holidays or in general; I can’t manage the ones I have at home. I do not want to mix with the locals and I have no wish to go into their homes. I do not welcome tourists who come to Leicester into my home. Why should the poor locals in Holidayland be expected to? It’s bad enough that we monopolize their beaches, clog their pavements and spend an hour in a shop choosing a sunhat that costs the equivalent of 75 pence.

       So, the slob’s holiday has several essential requirements: a hotel on a sunny beach, good food, a warm sea, nightlife for the teenagers, a big crowd to get lost in, and the absence of mosquitoes.

       As I write, we are at the planning stage. We have looked through all the holiday brochures, but they are full of references to ‘hospitable locals’, ‘folk nights’, ‘deserted beaches’, and ‘interesting historical sights’. Not our cup of tea, or glass of sangria, at all.

A15. The parents’ choice of holiday destination made the narrator’s children feel

1) jealous.

2) excited.

3) alarmed.

4) indifferent.

A16. The narrator’s words ‘A terrible sight for any parent to see’ refer to

1) the way children behave.

2) the fact that children are aging.

3) the way children change their image.

4) the fact there is a generation gap.

A17. When the need for holiday planning is first announced in the narrator’ family, it

1) is regarded as an important political issue.

2) is met with enthusiasm by all the family.

3) seems like an impossible task.

4) is openly ignored.

A18. To find a two-week slot for a holiday potential holiday-makers have to

1) negotiate the optimum period for travel.

2) cancel prior business appointments.

3) re-schedule individual summer plans.

4) make a list of the things to be taken into account.

A19. The slob’s holiday is the type of holiday for people, who

1) do not want to go on holiday abroad.

2) go on holiday with teenagers.

3) do not like public life.

4) prefer peaceful relaxing holidays.

A20. When the narrator says ‘I also want to live dangerously’, she means

1) getting lost in the crowd.

2) going sightseeing without a guide.

3) choosing herself the parties to go to.

4) lying long hours in the sun on the beach.

A21. The main reason the narrator doesn’t want to mix up with locals is because she

1) doesn’t let tourists to her house at Leicester.

2) doesn’t want to add to their inconveniencies.

3) is afraid to make friends with local people.

4) values her own privacy above all.

ЧАСТЬ 3

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами B4 – B10, так чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4 – B10. Пробелы и другие разделительные символы между словами не используются.

A Smart Boy

B4.

Mr. Jones and Mr. Brown worked in the same office. Their _______ were good friends. One day Mr. Jones invited to Mr. Brown to a small party. Mr. Brown went into the other room and telephoned his wife

WIFE

B5.

When he came back Mr. Jones asked him, “Have you spoken to your wife already?” “No, she ________ there when I phoned. My small son answered the phone. I asked him, “Is your mother there?” And he said, “She is somewhere outside”.

NOT BE

B6.

“Why is she outside?” I asked. “She _______ for me”, he answered.

LOOK

The Great Wall of China

B7.

The Great Wall of China runs for 6,700 kilometers from east to west of China. It is one of the ________ wonders of the world.

GREAT

B8.

The Great Wall _______ in order to protect the country form different aggressors.

BUILD

B9.

The construction of the Wall ________ in the 6th century BC and lasted until the 16th century AD.

BEGIN

B10.

Since then, the Great Wall of China ________ a Symbol of wisdom and bravery of the Chinese people and a monument to Chinese nation for many hundreds of years.

BECOME

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В11 – В16, так чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В11 – В16. Пробелы и другие разделительные символы между словами не используются/

UK: Conservation and Environment

B11.

Going for a walk is the most popular leisure activity in Britain. Despite its high ________ density and widespread, the UK has many unspoilt rural and coastal areas.

POPULATE

B12.

Twelve National Parks are freely accessible to the public and were created to conserve the ________ beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage they contain.

NATURE

B13.

Most of the land in National Parks is privately owned, but administered by an independent National Park Authority which works to balance the expectations of ________ with the need to conserve these open spaces for future generations.

VISIT

B14.

The UK also works to improve the global environment and has taken global warming ________ ever since scientists discovered the hole in the ozone layer.

SERIOUS

B15.

In 1997, the UK subscribed to the Kyoto Protocol binding developed countries to reduce emissions of the six main greenhouse gases. The Protocol declares environmental ________

PROTECT

B16.

Nowadays British ________ are taking part in one of the largest international projects that is undertaken to protect endangered species.

SCIENCE

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22 – А28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям A22 – A28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Выберите вариант ответа.

Tracy 

       Tracy was as excited as a child about her first trip abroad. Early in the morning, she stopped at a A22_______ agency and reserved a suite on the Signal Deck of the Queen Elizabeth II. The next three days she spent buying clothes and luggage.

       On the morning of the sailing, Tracy hired a limousine to drive her to the pier. When she A23_______ at Pier 90, where the Queen Elizabeth II was docked, it was crowded with photographers and television reporters, and for a moment Tracy was panic stricken. Then she realized they were interviewing the two men posturing at the foot of the gangplank. The members of the crew were helping the passengers with their luggage. On deck, a steward looked at Tracy’s ticket and A24_______ her to her stateroom. It was a lovely suite with a private terrace. It had been ridiculously expensive but Tracy A25_______ it was worth it.

       She unpacked and then wandered along the corridor. In almost every cabin there were farewell parties going on, with laughter and champagne and conversation. She felt a sudden ache of loneliness. There was no one to see her A26_______, no one for her to care about, and no one who cared about her. She was sailing into a completely unknown future.

       Suddenly she felt the huge ship shudder as the tugs started to pull it out of the harbor, and she stood A27_______ the passengers on the boat deck, watching the Statue of Liberty slide out of A28_______, and then she went exploring.

В каждом задании выберите один ответ.

A22.

1) journey

2) trip

3) travel

4) tourist

А23.

1) achieved

2) arrived

3) entered

4) reached

А24.

1) set

2) came

3) headed

4) directed

А25.

1) determined

2) resolved

3) decided

4) assured

А26.

1) in

2) off

3) of

4) after

А27.

1) among

2) along

3) between

4) besides

А28.

1) glance

2) stare

3) sight

4) look

Ответы:

ЧАСТЬ 1	ЧАСТЬ 2	ЧАСТЬ 3
B1	1E, 2G, 3D, 4A, 5F, 6B	B2	A4, B6, C7, D3, E1, F2, G8	B4	wives
A1	2	B3	A4, B7, C1, D5, E2, F3	B5	wasn’t
A2	3	A15	3	B6	waslooking
A3	2	A16	2	B7	greatest
A4	3	A17	3	B8	wasbuilt
A5	1	A18	1	B9	began
A6	1	A19	4	B10	hasbecome
A7	1	A20	4	B11	population
A8	1	A21	2	B12	natural
A9	3			B13	visitors
A10	2			B14	seriously
A11	3			B15	protection
A12	1			B16	scientists
A13	2			А22	3
A14	1			А23	2
				А24	4
				А25	3
				А26	2
				А27	1
				А28	3

Английский язык (Вариант

Editorial standards

Reading Comprehension ( Time: 20
min.)

А. Read  the  text . For questions 1-7,
choose the answer A, B, C or D which you think fits best according to the text.
Transfer
the answers to your answer sheet.

Any architect, builder or scientist can speculate about what the house of the future might be like. But Grace can tell you because Grace is a talking house. Her high tech gadgets and innovative uses of everyday objects will certainly change the way we think about our homes. Grace isn’t the only one exploring how technology can make our homes more efficient and comfortable. Here is a survey of home innovators’ best ideas.       Grace is not a real house. More formally known as the Microsoft Home, she exists inside an office building on the company’s campus in Redmond. But once inside, it’s easy to imagine you’re in a trendy, futuristic home. When you enter the house, Grace’s voice, coming from hidden speakers, re; lays your messages. In the kitchen, you set a bag of flour on the stone counter. Grace sees what you’re doing, and projects a list of flour based recipes on the counter. Once you choose one,  Grace  recites a list of necessary ingredients. She even knows what’s in your pantry or refrigerator, thanks to a special technology.       The notion of seamless computing, in which technology is everywhere and yet nowhere (except when we want it), underlies most future home thinking. Technology manager Jay Libby envisions windows made of smart glass that can be transformed into a TV. ‘Nobody wants a television set,’ says Libby. ‘People want the service it provides.’ If he gets his way, the TV will soon disappear, and the term picture window will be redefined.       Home entertainment is just one consideration for the future. The day when your house will be like a family member is not that far off. In Atlanta, scientists are designing systems that will allow older people to continue living independently. For example, Grandma’s home can be intelligently wired to recognize her patterns of sleep and movement so that her family members can be notified of any changes via computer. Does spying on Grandma sound creepy? Today scientists are working on how to convey information without sacrificing privacy and autonomy. They also don’t want to create inappropriate anxiety. Maybe your granny just took a quiet day to read, and the system would have to recognize that.      At some point, homes will have to use alternative energy sources such as solar panels, which look like regular roof shingles. Today, these systems are rare and expensive, but they’ll start to look more attractive as electricity costs climb. It’s easy to get carried away with visions of homes that heat themselves, keep us company and remind us to call the folks. ‘But technology never drives the aesthetic,’ says architect Sarah Susanka. ‘That’s why those weird-looking ‘houses of the future’ never come into being. People will always want their house to look and feel like a home.’ (Adapted from ‘Home, Smart Home’ by Max Alexander)

1. Grace is a  1) futuristic fashion house. 2) sample of innovations. 3) Microsoft office.  4) real house.  Ответ: __________ . 2.The aim of Grace is to 1) free people from cooking. 2) introduce new entertainment facilities. 3) change people’s attitude to homes.  4) have someone to talk to.  Ответ: __________ . 3. In paragraph 4 ‘seamless computing’ means that 1) you cannot feel the presence of computers.  2) computers are connected seamlessly.  3) there are no computers in the house. 4) computing is meaningless. Ответ: __________ . 4. Grandma’s home will allow family members to 1) live together with their grandparents.  2) feel free from spying. 3) convey information without sacrificing privacy.  4) get information about their older relatives. Ответ: __________ . 5. Structural insulated panels will make our houses 1) cheaper. 2) lighter. 3) more beautiful. 4) warmer. Ответ: __________ . 6. People will have to use alternative energy sources in the future because 1) solar panels are cheaper than regular roof shingles.  2) solar panels are very popular today. 3) people need more and more electricity. 4) electricity is getting more and more expensive.  Ответ: __________ . 7. According to architect Sarah Susanka, houses of the future never come into being because they are 1) rather expensive. 2) strange and unattractive.  3) difficult to construct.  4) too complicated. Ответ: __________ .

В. Seven sentences
have been removed from the text. Choose from the sentences A-H the one which
fits each gaps (1-7). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.

As the saying goes … ‘water, water, everywhere’. Well, how much water is there; where is this water; how does it move around?     It’s hard to imagine what it’s like to not have clean water to drink. Water is not evenly divided around the world. Some places have lots and others have very little.   Water supply is a big problem in some countries. Some people in Africa carry water from a hole A____________. This water source might not even be in their town and they will have to travel to get it. Some kids wrote about how they have dirty water at their school and sometimes kids get sick from drinking it. We wonder B_____________.     We thought that the United States didn’t have any of those problems but we were wrong. Appalachia, in the southern part of the United States, has some homes C_________________.      In Arizona, the Central Arizona Project gets water piped in from the Colorado River.

This is a problem for the places that used to get most of the Colorado River water D___________. There are rules about how much water can be taken out of rivers. Some rivers in the West have reached that limit. There are ‘water wars’ where people argue over E__________.     The problem of water supply keeps a lot of people looking for new ways to use water better. Every time we use it, we take water away from the Earth. We know how it flows on the surface and underground F____________ . In the past few years, many households have been using rain barrels attached to the downspout of their gutters to store and use rain water for the lawn and garden. If we don’t spend that extra five minutes in the shower, or run the water when we brush our teeth, we can make a difference!

1.
who has the right to use the water

 2.
which provide people with most of the water

3.
that is bored or dug into the ground

4.
that still don’t have running water

5.
until it gets to us

6.
what we can do about this

7.
because they can’t get as much now

A	B	C	D	E	F

РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ К ВЫПОЛНЕНИЮ ЗАДАНИЙ :

1)    —
Прочитайте внимательно весь текст, а затем начните отвечать на вопросы.

—        
 Не
волнуйтесь, если вы не знаете значения каких-либо слов. Возможно, они не
понадобятся вам при выборе правильного ответа. Если всё же эти слова
существенны для ответа на вопрос, попробуйте догадаться об их значении по
контексту или словообразовательным элементам.

—        
 Прочитайте
вопрос и попытайтесь найти в тексте ответ на него до того, как вы посмотрите на
варианты ответов. Затем прочитайте варианты ответа и выберите тот, который
наилучшим образом удовлетворяет содержанию текста.

—        
При
выборе ответа помните, что слова в правильном варианте не всегда совпадают со
словами текста. Очень часто правильный ответ выражает идею текста другими
словами.

—        
 Рекомендуется
отмечать ответы в тексте, чтобы в случае необходимости можно было быстро найти
нужное место и ещё раз проверить свой ответ.

—        
 Вопросы
обычно следуют в том порядке, в котором они встречаются в тексте.

—        
  Не
следует отвечать на вопрос, основываясь на собственном опыте или уже имеющихся
знаниях. Вы должны найти запрашиваемую информацию в тексте и сделать вы; вод
только на основании прочитанного.

—        
 Если
вы затрудняетесь с выбором правильного ответа, попробуйте исключить неверные
ответы. Обращайте внимание на детали, так как
неверные ответы могут содержать иную грамматическую форму или слегка изменённую
информацию из текста.

За
каждый правильный ответ – 2 б.

Рекомендуемое
время на выполнение этого задания — 10 мин.

Максимально
возможное количество первичных баллов за это задание —14 .

2)    —  Проанализируйте
грамматическую структуру каждого фрагмента 1–7, подчеркните слова, определяющие
структурно-смысловую взаимосвязь фрагмента с остальным текстом. Прежде всего к
таким словам относятся местоимения, союзы, глаголы.

—  Быстро
прочитайте весь текст, чтобы понять его основное содержание.

— Прочитайте
внимательно текст вокруг каждого про; пуска, обращая особое внимание на
местоимения, грамматические формы глаголов и запятые. Подумайте, какой части
предложения не хватает.

-Выберите из
списка фрагментов тот, который грамматически подходит к данному пропуску. Если
таких фрагментов несколько, подберите тот, который ближе все; го по смыслу.
Помните, что среди предложенных фрагментов будут такие, которые могут
соответствовать пропуску по грамматической структуре, отличаясь при этом по значению,
либо быть похожими по значению, но различаться по структуре.

— После того, как
вы заполните все пропуски, убедитесь, что оставшийся вариант не подходит ни к
одному пропуску. Если такой уверенности нет, возможно, вы где-то допустили
ошибку, и следует ещё раз проверить все ответы.

— Вновь прочитайте
весь текст и убедитесь, что дополненные предложения подходят по смыслу.

За каждый
правильный ответ – 1б

Максимально
возможное количество первичных баллов за это задание — 6б

         
Рекомендуемое время на выполнение этого задания — 10 мин.

Ответы: А: 2314442

               В:
364715