The discovery of Uranus
Someone once put forward an attractive theory. Throughout the Earth’s annual revolution around the sun there is one point of space always hidden from our eyes. This point is the opposite part of the Earth’s orbit, which is always hidden by the sun. Could there be another planet there, essentially similar to our own, but always invisible? If a space probe today sent back evidence that such a world existed it would cause not much more sensation than Sir William Herschel’s discovery of a new planet, Uranus, in 1781.
Herschel was an extraordinary man – no other astronomer has ever covered so vast a field of work – and his career deserves study. He was bom in Hanover in Germany in 1738, left the German army in 1757, and arrived in England the same year with no money but quite exceptional music ability. He played the violin and oboe and at one time was organist in the Octagon Chapel in the city of Bath. Herschel’s was an active mind, and deep inside he was conscious that music was not his destiny; he therefore read widely in science and the arts, but not until 1772 did he come across a book on astronomy. He was then 34, middle-aged by the standards of the time, but without hesitation he embarked on his new career, financing it by his professional work as a musician. He spent years mastering the art of telescope construction, and even by present-day standards his instruments are comparable with the best.
Serious observation began in 1774. He set himself the astonishing task of‘reviewing the heavens’, in other words, pointing his telescope to every accessible part of the sky and recording what he saw. The first review was made in 1775; the second, and most momentous, in 1780-81. It was during the latter part of this that he discovered Uranus. Afterwards, supported by the royal grant in recognition of his work, he was able to devote himself entirely to astronomy.
Papers flooded from HerscheFs pen and among these there was one sent to the Royal Society in 1781, entitled An Account of a Comet. In his own words, on Tuesday the 13th of March, between ten and eleven in the evening, while he was examining the small stars in the neighbourhood of H Geminorum, he perceived one that appeared visibly larger than the rest; he suspected it to be a comet.
Herschel’s care was the hallmark of a great observer; he wasn’t prepared to jump to any conclusions. Also, to be fair, the discovery of a new planet was the last thought in anybody’s mind. But further observation by other astronomers besides Herschel revealed two curious facts. For a comet, it showed a remarkably sharp disc; furthermore, it was moving so slowly that it was thought to be a great distance from the sun, and comets are only normally visible in the immediate vicinity of the sun. As its orbit came to be worked out the truth dawned that it was a new planet far beyond Saturn’s realm, and that the ‘reviewer of the heavens’ had stumbled across an unprecedented prize. Hcrschel wanted to call it georgium sidus (Star of George) in honour of his royal patron King George 111 of Great Britain. The planet was later for a time called Herschel in honour of its discoverer. The name Uranus, which was first proposed by the German astronomer Johann Elert Bode, was in use by the late 19th century.
Uranus is a giant in construction. Uranus’ atmosphere consists largely of hydrogen and helium, with a trace of methane. In 1977, the American astronomer James L. Elliot discovered the presence of five rings encircling the equator of Uranus, four more rings were discovered in January 1986 during the exploratory flight of Voyager In addition to its rings, Uranus has 15 satellites (‘moons’), the last 10 discovered by Voyager 2 on the same flight; all revolve about its equator and move with the planet in an east-west direction. The two largest moons, Titania and Oberon, were discovered by Herschel in 1787. The next two, Umbriel and Ariel, were found in 1851 by the British astronomer William Lassell. Miranda was discovered in 1948 by the American astronomer Gerard Peter Kuiper.
1. According to the first paragraph the discovery of a new planet hidden from our eyes
1) is a matter of fact.
2) would not be more sensational than the discovery of Uranus.
3) is quite probable.
4) needs some time to prove.
2. Herschel thought of himself as
1) an amateur musician.
2) a scientific mind.
3) a professional astronomer.
4) a person devoted to the arts and music.
3. Herschel discovered Uranus
1) during his second observation.
2) during his first review.
3) after many years of observing the sky.
4) when he was 34.
4. When Herschel saw a new ‘star’ he
1) immediately wrote to other astronomers.
2) thought of it as a comet.
3) knew that was a new planet.
4) made an immediate conclusion.
5. “The ‘reviewer of the heavens’ had stumbled across an unprecedented prize” means that Herschel
1) was offered a high position at the Royal Society.
2) accidentally discovered a planet.
3) was given an honor to name the new planet.
4) had anticipated the discovery of a new planet before.
6. The new planet was called Uranus by
1) other astronomers of the Royal Society.
2) King George III of Great Britain.
3) Johann Elert Bode.
4) Herschel himself.
7. Uranus’s two largest moons were discovered by
1) William Lassell.
2) Gerard Peter Kuiper.
3) Herschel.
4) Voyager 2.
ВОПРОС 1 – 2
ВОПРОС 2 – 2
ВОПРОС 3 – 1
ВОПРОС 4 – 2
ВОПРОС 5 – 2
ВОПРОС 6 – 3
ВОПРОС 7 – 3
IELTS Academic Reading Sample 18 — The Discovery of Uranus
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You are advised to spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27 — 40
The Discovery of Uranus
Someone once put forward an attractive though unlikely theory. Throughout the Earth’s annual revolution around the sun, there is one point of space always hidden from our eyes. This point is the opposite part of the Earth’s orbit, which is always hidden by the sun. Could there be another planet there, essentially similar to our own, but always invisible?
If a space probe today sent back evidence that such a world existed it would cause not much more sensation than Sir William Herschel’s discovery of a new planet, Uranus, in 1781. Herschel was an extraordinary man — no other astronomer has ever covered so vast a field of work — and his career deserves study. He was born in Hanover in Germany in 1738, left the German army in 1757, and arrived in England the same year with no money but quite exceptional music ability. He played the violin and oboe and at one time was organist in the Octagon Chapel in the city of Bath. Herschel’s was an active mind, and deep inside he was conscious that music was not his destiny; he, therefore, read widely in science and the arts, but not until 1772 did he come across a book on astronomy. He was then 34, middle-aged by the standards of the time, but without hesitation he embarked on his new career, financing it by his professional work as a musician. He spent years mastering the art of telescope construction, and even by present-day standards, his instruments are comparable with the best.
Serious observation began in 1774. He set himself the astonishing task of ‘reviewing the heavens’, in other words, pointing his telescope to every accessible part of the sky and recording what he saw. The first review was made in 1775; the second, and most momentous, in 1780-81. It was during the latter part of this that he discovered Uranus. Afterwards, supported by the royal grant in recognition of his work, he was able to devote himself entirely to astronomy. His final achievements spread from the sun and moon to remote galaxies (of which he discovered hundreds), and papers flooded from his pen until his death in 1822. Among these, there was one sent to the Royal Society in 1781, entitled An Account of a Comet. In his own words:
On Tuesday the 13th of March, between ten and eleven in the evening, while I was examining the small stars in the neighbourhood of H Geminorum, I perceived one that appeared visibly larger than the rest; being struck with its uncommon magnitude, I compared it to H Geminorum and the small star in the quartile between Auriga and Gemini, and finding it to be much larger than either of them, suspected it to be a comet.
Herschel’s care was the hallmark of a great observer; he was not prepared to jump any conclusions. Also, to be fair, the discovery of a new planet was the last thought in anybody’s mind. But further observation by other astronomers besides Herschel revealed two curious facts. For the comet, it showed a remarkably sharp disc; furthermore, it was moving so slowly that it was thought to be a great distance from the sun, and comets are only normally visible in the immediate vicinity of the sun. As its orbit came to be worked out the truth dawned that it was a new planet far beyond Saturn’s realm, and that the ‘reviewer of the heavens’ had stumbled across an unprecedented prize. Herschel wanted to call it Georgian sidus (Star of George) in honour of his royal patron King George III of Great Britain. The planet was later for a time called Herschel in honour of its discoverer. The name Uranus, which was first proposed by the German astronomer Johann Elert Bode, was in use by the late 19th century.
Uranus is a giant in construction, but not so much in size; its diameter compares unfavourably with that of Jupiter and Saturn, though on the terrestrial scale it is still colossal. Uranus’ atmosphere consists largely of hydrogen and helium, with a trace of methane. Through a telescope, the planet appears as a small bluish-green disc with a faint green periphery. In 1977, while recording the occultation 1 of a star behind the planet, the American astronomer James L. Elliot discovered the presence of five rings encircling the equator of Uranus. Four more rings were discovered in January 1986 during the exploratory flight of Voyager 22. In addition to its rings, Uranus has 15 satellites (‘moons’), the last 10 discovered by Voyager 2 on the same flight; all revolve about its equator and move with the planet in an east-west direction. The two largest moons, Titania and Oberon, were discovered by Herschel in 1787. The next two, Umbriel and Ariel, were found in 1851 by the British astronomer William Lassell. Miranda, thought before 1986 to be the innermost moon, was discovered in 1948 by the American astronomer Gerard Peter Kuiper.
Glossary:
‘OCcultation‘: in astronomy, when one object passes in front of another and hides the second from view, especially, for example, when the moon comes between an observer and a star or planet.
‘Voyager 2‘: an unmanned spacecraft sent on a voyage past Saturn, Uranus and Jupiter in 1986; during which it sent back information about these planets to scientists on earth.
Questions 27-31
Complete the table below. Write a date for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.
Event |
Date |
Example William Herschel was born |
Answer 1738 |
Herschel began investigating astronomy |
(27)…………. |
Discovery of the planet Uranus |
(28)…………. |
Discovery of the moons Titania and Oberon |
(29)…………. |
First discovery of Uranus’ rings |
(30)…………. |
Discovery of the last 10 moons of Uranus |
(31)…………. |
Questions 32-36
Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer of the Reading Passage?
In boxes 32-36 on your answer sheet write
YES if the statement reflects the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
Example Answer
Herschel was multi-talented YES
32 It is improbable that there is a planet hidden behind the sun.
33 Herschel knew immediately that he had found a new planet.
34 Herschel collaborated with other astronomers of his time.
35 Herschel’s newly-discovered object was considered to be too far from the sun to be a comet.
36 Herschel’s discovery was the most important find of the last three hundred years.
Questions 37-40
Complete each of the following statements (Questions 37-40) with a name from the Reading Passage.
Write your answers in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.
The suggested names of the new planet started with …….. (37) …….., then …….. (38) ……., before finally settling on Uranus. The first five rings around Uranus were discovered by …….. (39) ……… From 1948 until 1986, the moon …….. (40)…….. was believed to be the moon closest to the surface of Uranus.
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Section 1: Question 1-13
Use of University grounds by Vehicular Traffic & Patient Information Leaflet
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on the text below.
Questions 1-5
Look at the information on the following page about the use of vehicles in the University grounds.
In boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet write –
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
Example
The campus roads are not open to general members of the public
Answer
TRUE
1. University employees do not need to pay for their parking permits.
2. Parking in Halls of Residence is handled by the Wardens of the Halls.
3. Having a University permit does not allow staff to park at Halls.
4. Parking permits cost £20 a year.
5. Students living in Hall do not need permission to park in Hall car parks.
USE OF UNIVERSITY GROUNDS BY VEHICULAR TRAFFIC
The University grounds are private.
The University authorities only allow authorised members of the University, visitors and drivers of vehicles servicing the University to enter the grounds.
Members of staff who have paid the requisite fee and display the appropriate permit may bring a vehicle into the grounds. A University permit does not entitle them to park in Hall car parks, however, unless authorised by the Warden of the Hall concerned.
Students may not bring vehicles into the grounds during the working day unless they have been given special permission by the Security Officer and have paid for and are displaying an appropriate entry permit. Students living in Halls of Residence must obtain permission from the Warden to keep a motor vehicle at their residence.
Students are reminded that if they park a motor vehicle on University premises without a valid permit, they will be fined £20.
Questions 6-13
Look at the patient information leaflet below.
Match each of the following sentences with TWO possible endings A-M from the box below.
Write the appropriate letters A-M in boxes 6-13 on your answer sheet.
Example Answer
Borodine table should not be given to …… A and M
Questions 6 and 7
Borodine tablets might be used to treat……
Questions 8 and 9
You must ask your doctor before taking Borodine tablets if you are already being treated for ……
Questions 10 and 11
You do not need to consult your doctor immediately if Borodine tablets give you ……
Questions 12 and 13
You must consult your doctor at once if you find Borodine tablets cause……
Possible Endings
A. children under 12 years of age.
B. a headache.
C. an uncomfortable feeling in your stomach.
D. symptoms similar to a cold.
E. a change in your skin colour.
F. anything treated by a prescription medicine.
G. a kidney complaint.
H. a whitening of the eyes.
I. sore or broken skin.
J. a fungal infection.
K. a feeling of sadness.
L. shortness of breath.
M. a woman expecting a child.
PATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLET
The name of your medicine is Borodine tablets.
WHAT ARE Borodine TABLETS USED FOR?
Borodine tablets are used to help relieve hay fever and conditions due to allergies, in particular, skin reactions and a runny nose.
It is not recommended that Borodine tablets are given to children under 12 years of age or pregnant or breastfeeding women.
BEFORE YOU TAKE Borodine TABLETS
In some circumstances, it is very important not to take Borodine tablets. If you ignore these instructions, this medicine could affect your heart rhythm.
Are you taking oral medicines for fungal infections?
Have you suffered a reaction to medicines containing Borodine before?
Do you suffer from any liver, kidney or heart disease?
If the answer to any of these questions is YES, do not take Borodine tablets before consulting your doctor.
AFTER TAKING Borodine TABLETS
Borodine tablets, like many other medicines, may cause side-effects in some people.
If you faint, stop taking Borodine tablets and tell your doctor immediately.
In addition, Borodine tablets may cause problems with your vision, hair loss, depression or confusion, yellowing of your skin or your eyes.
If you have these effects whilst taking Borodine tablets tell your doctor immediately.
Other side-effects are dizziness or headaches, and indigestion or stomach ache. However, these effects are often mild and usually wear off after a few days’ treatment. If they last for more than a few days, tell your doctor.
Section 2: Question 14-26
You are advised to spend 20 minutes on Questions 14-26.
General Training Reading Sample: West Thames College
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on the text below.
Questions 14-20
Look at the introduction to West Thames College below and at the statements (Questions 14-20) below.
In boxes 14-20 on your answer sheet write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
14. Chiswick Polytechnic was closed at the same time West Thames College was opened.
15. Most of the students at the college come from outside the local area.
16. The college changed its name to West Thames College in 1993.
17. There are currently 6000 students over the age of 19 attending the college.
18. Students under the age of 16 cannot attend any of the courses offered by the college.
19. The college offers a more mature environment in which to learn than a school.
20. There are fewer subjects to study in the sixth form of a school than at the college.
WEST THAMES COLLEGE
BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
West Thames College (initially known as Hounslow Borough College) came into existence in 1976 following the merger of Isleworth Polytechnic with part of Chiswick Polytechnic. Both parent colleges, in various guises, enjoyed a long tradition of service to the community dating back to the 1890s.
The college is located at London Road, Isleworth, on a site occupied by the Victorian house of the Pears family, Spring Grove House. An earlier house of the same name on this site had been the home of Sir Joseph Banks, the botanist who named Botany Bay with Captain Cook in 1770. Later he founded Kew Gardens.
Situated at the heart of West London, West Thames College is ideally placed to serve the training and education needs of local industry and local people. But its influence reaches much further than the immediate locality.
Under its former name, Hounslow Borough College, it had already established a regional, national and international reputation for excellence. In fact, about eight per cent of its students come from continental Europe and further afield, whilst a further 52 per cent are from outside the immediate area. Since 1 April 1993, when it became independent of the local authority and adopted its new title, West Thames College has continued to build on that first class reputation.
These days there is no such thing as a typical student. More than half of West Thames college’s 6000 students are over 19 years old. Some of these will be attending college part-time under their employers’ training schemes. Others will want to learn new skills purely out of interest, or out of a desire to improve their promotion chances, or they may want a change in career.
The college is also very popular with 16-18 year olds, who see it as a practical alternative to a further two years at school. They want to study in the more adult atmosphere the college provides. They can choose from a far wider range of subjects than it would be practical for a sixth form to offer. If they want to go straight into employment they can still study at college to gain qualifications relevant to the job, either on a day-release basis or through Network or the Modern Apprenticeship Scheme.
Questions 21-26
Look at the West Thames College’s Services for Students on the following page. Each paragraph A-Hdescribes a different service provided by the college.
From the list below (i-xi) choose the most suitable summaries for paragraphs A, C and E-H.
Write the appropriate number (i-xi) in boxes 21-26 on your answer sheet.
NB There are more summaries than paragraphs, so you will not use them all.
i. A shop for the books and stationery needed to study
ii. Counseling and welfare willing to listen, offer advice or arrange a referral
iii. An Examinations Office arranging exams and issuing certificates
iv. A Registrar’s Office handling all fee payments and related enquiries
v. A Medical service offering on-site assistance with health-related problems
vi. A tutorial system for regular one-to-one guidance, support and feedback
vii. Careers Advice helping students into employment
viii. An admissions Service providing assistance in choosing and applying for higher education courses
ix. A Student Union representing students on college committees
x. Clubs and societies for students’ free-time
xi. A Learning Support Service supporting students in studying, presenting information and handling numbers.
21. Paragraph A
Example Answer
Paragraph B xi
22. Paragraph C
Example Answer
Paragraph D i
23. Paragraph E
24. Paragraph F
25. Paragraph G
26. Paragraph H
WEST THAMES COLLEGE
SERVICES FOR STUDENTS
A
As a full-time student at West Thames College you will have your own Personal Mentor who will see you each week to guide you through your studies, and discuss any problems which may arise. We take a cooperative
approach to the assessment of your work and encourage you to contribute to the discussion.
B
This service provides specialist assistance and courses for those who need help to improve their writing, oral and numeracy skills for the successful completion of their college course. Help with basic skills is also available.
C
This service is available to anyone who is undecided as to which course to follow. It is very much a service for the individual, whatever your age, helping you to select the best option to suit your circumstances. The service includes educational advice, guidance and support, including a facility for accrediting your previous experience – the Accreditation of Prior Learning (APL). The Admissions Office is open Monday to Friday 9.00 am to 5.00 pm. All interviews are confidential and conducted in a relaxed and friendly atmosphere. Evening appointments are available on request.
D
The College Bookshop stocks a wide range of books, covering aspects of all courses, together with a good selection of stationery. It also supplies stamps, phone cards, blank videos and computer disks. The shop is open at times specified In the Student Handbook in the mornings, afternoons and evenings.
E
When students are weary from study and want the chance to relax and enjoy themselves with friends, they can participate in a number of recreational activities. Depending on demand, we offer a range of sporting activities including football, badminton, basketball, table tennis, volleyball, weight training and aerobics. For the non-sporting students we offer a debating society, video club, hair and beauty sessions, as well as a range of creative activities. Suggestions for activities from students are always welcome.
F
This confidential service is available if you have practical or personal difficulties during your course of study, whether of a financial or personal nature. Our Student Advisors can help you directly or put you in touch with someone else who can give you the help you need.
G
The College Nurses are there for general medical advice and for treatment of illness or injury. All visits are confidential. First aid boxes and fully-trained First Aiders are also on hand at various locations around the college.
H
West London employers have a permanent base in the centre of college, with access to a database of more than 24,000 jobs available locally and in Central London. They will also help you with job applications and interview techniques.
Section 3: Question 27-40
You are advised to spend 20 minutes on Questions 27-40.
General Training Reading Sample: The Discovery of Uranus
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on the Reading Passage- “The Discovery of Uranus” below.
The Discovery of Uranus
Someone once put forward an attractive though unlikely theory. Throughout the Earth’s annual revolution around the sun, there is one point of space always hidden from our eyes. This point is the opposite part of the Earth’s orbit, which is always hidden by the sun. Could there be another planet there, essentially similar to our own, but always invisible?
If a space probe today sent back evidence that such a world existed it would cause not much more sensation than Sir William Herschel’s discovery of a new planet, Uranus, in 1781. Herschel was an extraordinary man – no other astronomer has ever covered so vast a field of work – and his career deserves study. He was born in Hanover in Germany in 1738, left the German army in 1757, and arrived in England the same year with no money but quite exceptional music ability. He played the violin and oboe and at one time was organist in the Octagon Chapel in the city of Bath. Herschel’s was an active mind, and deep inside he was conscious that music was not his destiny; he, therefore, read widely in science and the arts, but not until 1772 did he come across a book on astronomy. He was then 34, middle-aged by the standards of the time, but without hesitation he embarked on his new career, financing it by his professional work as a musician. He spent years mastering the art of telescope construction, and even by present-day standards, his instruments are comparable with the best.
Serious observation began in 1774. He set himself the astonishing task of ‘reviewing the heavens’, in other words, pointing his telescope to every accessible part of the sky and recording what he saw. The first review was made in 1775; the second, and most momentous, in 1780-81. It was during the latter part of this that he discovered Uranus. Afterwards, supported by the royal grant in recognition of his work, he was able to devote himself entirely to astronomy. His final achievements spread from the sun and moon to remote galaxies (of which he discovered hundreds), and papers flooded from his pen until his death in 1822. Among these there was one sent to the Royal Society in 1781, entitled An Account of a Comet. In his own words:
On Tuesday the 13th of March, between ten and eleven in the evening, while I was examining the small stars in the neighbourhood of H Geminorum, I perceived one that appeared visibly larger than the rest; being struck with its uncommon magnitude, I compared it to H Geminorum and the small star in the quartile between Auriga and Gemini, and finding it to be much larger than either of them, suspected it to be a comet.
Herschel’s care was the hallmark of a great observer; he was not prepared to jump any conclusions. Also, to be fair, the discovery of a new planet was the last thought in anybody’s mind. But further observation by other astronomers besides Herschel revealed two curious facts. For comet, it showed a remarkably sharp disc; furthermore, it was moving so slowly that it was thought to be a great distance from the sun, and comets are only normally visible in the immediate vicinity of the sun. As its orbit came to be worked out the truth dawned that it was a new planet far beyond Saturn’s realm, and that the ‘reviewer of the heavens’ had stumbled across an unprecedented prize. Herschel wanted to call it Georgium Sidus (Star of George) in honour of his royal patron King George III of Great Britain. The planet was later for a time called Herschel in honour of its discoverer. The name Uranus, which was first proposed by the German astronomer Johann Elert Bode, was in use by the late 19th century.
Uranus is a giant in construction, but not so much in size; its diameter compares unfavourably with that of Jupiter and Saturn, though on the terrestrial scale it is still colossal. Uranus’ atmosphere consists largely of hydrogen and helium, with a trace of methane. Through a telescope the planet appears as a small bluish-green disc with a faint green periphery. In 1977, while recording the occultation (1) of a star behind the planet, the American astronomer James L. Elliot discovered the presence of five rings encircling the equator of Uranus. Four more rings were discovered in January 1986 during the exploratory flight of Voyager 2 (2) , In addition to its rings, Uranus has 15 satellites (‘moons’), the last 10 discovered by Voyager 2 on the same flight; all revolve about its equator and move with the planet in an east- west direction. The two largest moons, Titania and Oberon, were discovered by Herschel in 1787. The next two, Umbriel and Ariel, were found in 1851 by the British astronomer William Lassell. Miranda, thought before 1986 to be the innermost moon, was discovered in 1948 by the American astronomer Gerard Peter Kuiper.
Glossary:
‘(1) occultation’: in astronomy, when one object passes in front of another and hides the second from view, especially, for example, when the moon comes between an observer and a star or planet.
‘(2) Voyager 2’: an unmanned spacecraft sent on a voyage past Saturn, Uranus and Jupiter in 1986; during which, it sent back information about these planets to scientists on earth.
Questions 27-31
Complete the table below.
Write a date for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.
Event | Date |
ExampleWilliam Herschel was born | Answer1738 |
Herschel began investigating astronomy | (27)…………. |
Discovery of the planet Uranus | (28)…………. |
Discovery of the moons Titania and Oberon | (29)…………. |
First discovery of Uranus’ rings | (30)…………. |
Discovery of the last 10 moons of Uranus | (31)…………. |
Questions 32-36
Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer of the Reading Passage?
In boxes 32-36 on your answer sheet write:
YES if the statement reflects the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
Example Answer
Herschel was multi-talented YES
32. It is improbable that there is a planet hidden behind the sun.
33. Herschel knew immediately that he had found a new planet.
34. Herschel collaborated with other astronomers of his time.
35. Herschel’s newly-discovered object was considered to be too far from the sun to be a comet.
36. Herschel’s discovery was the most important find of the last three hundred years.
Questions 37-40
Complete each of the following statements (Questions 37-40) with a name from the Reading Passage.
Write your answers in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.
The suggested names of the new planet started with…….. (37) …….., then…….. (38) ……., before finally settling on Uranus. The first five rings around Uranus were discovered by …….. (39) ……… From 1948 until 1986, the moon …….. (40)…….. was believed to be the moon closest to the surface of Uranus.
Answer & Explanation
1 FALSE
2 TRUE
3 TRUE
4 NOT GIVEN
5 FALSE
6 & 7: D, I (In either order)
8 & 9: G, J (In either order)
10 & 11: B, C (In either order)
12 & 13: E, K (In either order)
14. NOT GIVEN
15. TRUE
16. TRUE
17. FALSE
18. NOT GIVEN
19. TRUE
20. TRUE
21. vi
22. viii
23. x
24. ii
25. v
26. vii
27. 1772
28. 1781
29. 1787
30. 1977
31. 1986
32. YES
33. NO
34. NOT GIVEN
35. YES
36. NOT GIVEN
37. Georgium Sidus
38. Herschel
39. James L. Elliot
40. Miranda
The IELTS reading section examines a candidate’s comprehending skills within the stipulated amount of time. The reading section comprises passages followed with different kinds of questions to holistically judge a student’s grasping abilities while reading. This particular IELTS Reading Practice Test has a passage on- “The Discovery of Uranus”, which consists of the following type of question:
- Yes/No/Not given
- Fill in the blanks
- Choose the correct answer
The IELTS Reading Practice Tests contain a variety of sample passages with different kinds of questions which will equip a student with all the possible dimensions of this section. These practice tests should be taken with utmost seriousness to perform brilliantly on the D-Day.
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Section 1
Read the Passage to Answer the Following Questions
The Discovery of Uranus IELTS Reading Sample
Someone once put forward an attractive though unlikely theory. Throughout the Earth’s annual revolution around the sun, there is one point of space always hidden from our eyes. This point is the opposite part of the Earth’s orbit, which is always hidden by the sun. Could there be another planet there, essentially similar to our own, but always invisible?
If a space probe today sent back evidence that such a world existed it would cause not much more sensation than Sir William Herschel’s discovery of a new planet, Uranus, in 1781. Herschel was an extraordinary man — no other astronomer has ever covered so vast a field of work — and his career deserves study. He was born in Hanover in Germany in 1738, left the German army in 1757, and arrived in England the same year with no money but quite exceptional music ability. He played the violin and oboe and at one time was organist in the Octagon Chapel in the city of Bath. Herschel’s was an active mind, and deep inside he was conscious that music was not his destiny; he, therefore, read widely in science and the arts, but not until 1772 did he come across a book on astronomy. He was then 34, middle-aged by the standards of the time, but without hesitation he embarked on his new career, financing it by his professional work as a musician. He spent years mastering the art of telescope construction, and even by present-day standards, his instruments are comparable with the best.
The serious observation began in 1774. He set himself the astonishing task of ‘reviewing the heavens’ in other words, pointing his telescope to every accessible part of the sky and recording what he saw. The first review was made in 1775; the second, and most momentous, in 1780-81. It was during the latter part of this that he discovered Uranus. Afterwards, supported by the royal grant in recognition of his work, he was able to devote himself entirely to astronomy. His final achievements spread from the sun and moon to remote galaxies (of which he discovered hundreds), and papers flooded from his pen until his death in 1822. Among these, there was one sent to the Royal Society in 1781, entitled An Account of a Comet. In his own words:
On Tuesday the 13th of March, between ten and eleven in the evening, while I was examining the small stars in the neighbourhood of H Geminorum, I perceived one that appeared visibly larger than the rest; being struck with its uncommon magnitude, I compared it to H Geminorum and the small star in the quartile between Auriga and Gemini, and finding it to be much larger than either of them, suspected it to be a comet.
Herschel’s care was the hallmark of a great observer; he was not prepared to jump any conclusions. Also, to be fair, the discovery of a new planet was the last thought in anybody’s mind. But further observation by other astronomers besides Herschel revealed two curious facts. For the comet, it showed a remarkably sharp disc; furthermore, it was moving so slowly that it was thought to be a great distance from the sun, and comets are only normally visible in the immediate vicinity of the sun. As its orbit came to be worked out the truth dawned that it was a new planet far beyond Saturn’s realm and that the ‘reviewer of the heavens’ had stumbled across an unprecedented prize. Herschel wanted to call it Georgian sidus (Star of George) in honour of his royal patron King George III of Great Britain. The planet was later for a time called Herschel in honour of its discoverer. The name Uranus, which was first proposed by the German astronomer Johann Elert Bode, was in use by the late 19th century.
Uranus is a giant in construction, but not so much in size; its diameter compares unfavourably with that of Jupiter and Saturn, though on the terrestrial scale it is still colossal. Uranus’s atmosphere consists largely of hydrogen and helium, with a trace of methane. Through a telescope, the planet appears as a small bluish-green disc with a faint green periphery. In 1977, while recording the occultation 1 of a star behind the planet, the American astronomer James L. Elliot discovered the presence of five rings encircling the equator of Uranus. Four more rings were discovered in January 1986 during the exploratory flight of Voyager 2 2, In addition to its rings, Uranus has 15 satellites (‘moons’), the last 10 discovered by Voyager 2 on the same flight; all revolve about its equator and move with the planet in an east-west direction. The two largest moons, Titania and Oberon, were discovered by Herschel in 1787. The next two, Umbriel and Ariel, were found in 1851 by the British astronomer William Lassell. Miranda, thought before 1986 to be the innermost moon, was discovered in 1948 by the American astronomer Gerard Peter Kuiper.
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Section 2
Solution With Explanation
Questions 27-31
Complete the table below. Write a date for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.
Event | Date |
---|---|
Example: William Herschel was born | Answer: 1738 |
Herschel began investigating astronomy | 27________ |
Discover of the planet Uranus | 28________ |
Discovery of the moons Titania and Oberon | 29________ |
The first discovery of Uranus’s rings | 30________ |
Discovery of last 10 moons of Uranus | 31________ |
27.
Answer: 1772
Supporting Sentence: Herschel was an active mind, and deep inside he was conscious that music was not his destiny; he, therefore, read widely in science and the arts, but not until 1772 did he come across a book on astronomy.
Keyword: astronomy
Keyword Location: 2nd paragraph, 8th line
Explanation: until 1772, Hershel widely read books related to science and arts. He was sure that music was not his future destination. In 1772 he came across a book on astronomy when he became deeply interested in it and started investigating it. Hence, 1772 is the appropriate answer.
28.
Answer: 1781
Supporting Sentence: The first review was made in 1775; the second, and most momentous, was in 1780-81. It was during the latter part of this that he discovered Uranus.
Keyword: Uranus
Keyword Location: 3rd paragraph, 4th line
Explanation: Hershel began observations in 1774, where he used his telescope to access every part of the sky. He made his first review in 1775 and in the latter part of the second review, in 1780-1781, Herschel discovered Uranus. Hence, 1781 is the appropriate answer.
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29.
Answer: 1787
Supporting Sentence: The two largest moons, Titania and Oberon, were discovered by Herschel in 1787.
Keyword: moon
Keyword Location: 6th paragraph, 9th line
Explanation: Uranus has 15 moons that revolve around its equator. These moons were explored with the help of an aircraft Voyager 2 in 1787. In these 15 moons, the two largest moons were Titania and Oberon. Hence, 1787 is the appropriate answer.
30.
Answer: 1977
Supporting Sentence: In 1977, while recording the occultation 1 of a star behind the planet, the American astronomer James L. Elliot discovered the presence of five rings encircling the equator of Uranus.
Keyword: rings
Keyword Location: 6th paragraph, 5th line
Explanation: when accessed with the help of a telescope, the Uranus had a small bluish-green disc with a faint green periphery. And in 1977, an American astronomer James L. Elliot found about five rings around Uranus. Hence, 1977 is the right answer.
31.
Answer: 1986
Supporting Sentence: Four more rings were also discovered in January 1986 during the exploratory flight of Voyager 22. In addition to its rings, Uranus has 15 satellites (‘moons’), the last 10 moons were discovered with the help of Voyager 2 on the same flight; all revolve around its equator and move with the planet in an east-west direction.
Keyword: moons
Keyword Location: 6th paragraph, 7th line
Explanation: With the discovery of the rings around Uranus, 15 moons revolving around the Uranus as the satellites were found. In these 15 moons, the last ten moons were explored by Voyager 2 in the same year 1986. Hence, 1986 is the right answer.
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Questions 32-36
Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer of the Reading Passage?
In boxes 32-36 on your answer sheet write
YES if the statement reflects the claims of the writer
NO, if the statement contradicts the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
- It is improbable that there is a planet hidden behind the sun.
Answer: YES
Supporting Sentence: Throughout the Earth’s annual revolution around the sun, there is one point of space always hidden from our eyes. This point is the opposite part of the Earth’s orbit, which is always hidden by the sun.
Keyword: sun
Keyword Location: 1st paragraph, 2nd line
Explanation: As given in the paragraph, during the revolution of the planets around the sun, only a part of the planets revolving is hidden from our eyes behind the sun. So, only a part of these planets is hidden behind the sun, not the entire surface of the planet. Hence, this statement is correct.
- Herschel knew immediately that he had found a new planet.
Answer: NO
Supporting Sentence: The first review was made in 1775; the second, and most momentous, was in 1780-81. It was during the latter part of this that he discovered Uranus.
Keyword: Uranus
Keyword Location: 3rd paragraph, 4th line
Explanation: Herschel used a telescope to access every part of the sky and the first review was made by him in 1775. Later in the second review in 1780-81, Herschel discovered Uranus. Herschel did not discover Uranus immediately. Hence, the statement is not correct.
- Herschel collaborated with other astronomers of his time.
Answer: NOT GIVEN
- Herschel’s newly-discovered object was considered to be too far from the sun to be a comet.
Answer: YES
Supporting Sentence: His final achievements spread from the sun and moon to remote galaxies (of which he discovered hundreds), and papers flooded from his pen until he died in 1822. Among these, there was one sent to the Royal Society in 1781, entitled An Account of a Comet.
Keyword: comet
Keyword Location: 3rd paragraph, 8th line
Explanation: after the discovery of Uranus, Herschel made many explorations in this field from the sun and moon to faraway galaxies of the universe and all these achievements were supported by Royal Grant. He has published different papers and one of them was sent to Royal Society in 1781 entitled ‘An Account of a Comet’ where he mentioned that his newly explored object was much large to be considered a comet. Hence the statement is correct.
- Herschel’s discovery was the most important find of the last three hundred years.
Answer: NOT GIVEN
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Questions 37-40
Complete each of the following statements (Questions 37-40) with a name from the Reading Passage.
Write your answers in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.
The suggested names of the new planet started with …….. (37) …….., then …….. (38) ……., before finally settling on Uranus. The first five rings around Uranus were discovered by …….. (39) ……… From 1948 until 1986, the moon …….. (40) …….. was believed to be the moon closest to the surface of Uranus.
37.
Answer: georgium sidus
Supporting Sentence: Herschel wanted to call it Georgian sidus (Star of George) in honor of his royal patron King George III of Great Britain.
Keyword: planet
Keyword Location: 5th paragraph, 9th line
Explanation: after finding that planet, Sir William Herschel wanted to name that newly found planet Georgium Sidus in the honor of the King of Great Britain, George III. But later the name Uranus was propounded by German astronomer Johann Elert Bode. Hence, the right answer here is georgium sidus.
38.
Answer: Herschel
Supporting Sentence: The planet was later for a time called Herschel in honor of its discoverer. The name Uranus, which was first proposed by the German astronomer Johann Elert Bode, was in use by the late 19th century.
Keyword: Uranus
Keyword Location: 5th paragraph, 9th line
Explanation: after Herschel has discovered the planet, names were proposed for that discovered planet, second name suggested for that explored planet was Herschel after the name of the discoverer Sir William Herschel. Hence, Herschel is the right answer.
39.
Answer: James L. Elliot
Supporting Sentence: In 1977, while recording the occultation 1 of a star behind the planet, an American astronomer James L. Elliot found the presence of five rings encircling the equator of Uranus.
Keyword: rings
Keyword Location: 6th paragraph, 5th line
Explanation: An American astronomer James L. Elliot found some five rings around Uranus while recording the occultation of the stars in 1977. Hence, James L. Elliot is the right answer.
40.
Answer: Miranda
Supporting Sentence: Miranda, thought before 1986 to be the innermost moon, was explored in 1948 by the American astronomer Gerard Peter Kuiper.
Keyword: Miranda, moon
Keyword Location: 6th paragraph, 11th line
Explanation: out of the 15 moons found by scientists encircling Uranus, the innermost moon was Miranda, which was found by an American astronomer, Gerard Peter Kuiper in 1948. Until before 1948, it was found to be the innermost moon. Hence, Miranda is the right answer.
полет сущ
1. flight
2. journey
3. operation
4. trip
5. voyage
аварийная ситуация в полете
in-flight emergency
автоматический полет
1. automatic flight
2. computer-directed flight
автоматическое управление полетом
automatic flight control
административные полеты
executive flying
административный полет
business operation
анализ безопасности полетов
safety investigation
аэродинамическая труба имитации свободного полета
free-flight wind tunnel
аэродром на трассе полета
en-route aerodrome
аэродромный круг полетов
aerodrome traffic circuit
аэродромный полет
local flight
база для обслуживания полетов
air base
балансировка в горизонтальном полете
horizontal trim
балансировка в полете
operational trim
безаварийное выполнение полетов
accident-free flying
безаварийный полет
accident-free flight
без достаточного опыта выполнения полетов
beyond flight experience
безопасная дистанция в полете
in-flight safe distance
безопасность полетов
1. flight safety
2. flight operating safety
беспосадочный полет
1. nonstop flight
2. continuous flight
билет на полет в одном направлении
single ticket
бланк плана полета
flight plan form
боковой обзор в полете
sideway inflight view
бортовой вычислитель управления полетом
airborne guidance computer
бреющие полеты
contour flying
бреющий полет
1. scooping
2. contour flight
3. hedge-hopping
4. low-level flight
бустерная система управления полетом
flight control boost system
быть непригодным к полетам
inapt for flying
ввод данных о полете
flight data input
верхний обзор в полете
upward inflight view
верхний эшелон полета
upper flight level
ветер в направлении курса полета
tailwind
видимость в полете
flight visibility
визуальная оценка расстояния в полете
distance assessment
визуальный контакт в полете
flight visual contact
визуальный ориентир в полете
flight visual cue
визуальный полет
1. visual flight
2. contact flight
визуальный полет по кругу
visual circling
вихрь в направлении линии полета
line vortex
влиять на безопасность полетов
effect on operating safety
внутренние полеты
local operations
воздушная яма на пути полета
in flight bump
воздушное пространство с запретом визуальных полетов
visual exempted airspace
воздушное судно большой дальности полетов
long-distance aircraft
воздушное судно в полете
1. making way aircraft
2. in-flight aircraft
3. aircraft on flight
воздушное судно, готовое к полету
under way aircraft
воздушное судно для полетов на большой высоте
high-altitude aircraft
воздушное судно, дозаправляемое в полете
receiver aircraft
воздушное судно, имеющее разрешение на полет
authorized aircraft
возобновление полетов
flight resumption
возобновлять полет
1. resume the flight
2. resume the journey
возобновлять полеты
resume normal operations
восходящий поток воздуха на маршруте полета
en-route updraft
ВПП, не соответствующая заданию на полет
wrong runway
в процессе полета
1. while in flight
2. in flight
временная разница пунктов полета
jetlag
временные полеты
1. sojourn
2. part time operations
время горизонтального полета
level flight time
время полета по внешнему контуру
outbound time
время полета по маршруту
trip time
время самолетного полета
solo flying time
всепогодные полеты
1. all-weather operations
2. all-weather flying
всепогодный полет
all-weather flight
вспомогательный маршрут полета
side trip
выбирать маршрут полета
select the flight route
вывозной полет
introductory flight
выдерживание высоты полета автопилотом
autopilot altitude hold
выдерживание заданной высоты полета
preselected altitude hold
выдерживание курса полета с помощью инерциальной системы
inertial tracking
выдерживание траектории полета
flight path tracking
выдерживать заданный график полета
maintain the flight watch
выдерживать заданный эшелон полета
maintain the flight level
выдерживать требуемую скорость полета
maintain the flying speed
выдерживать установленный порядок полетов
maintain the flight procedure
выполнение горизонтального полета
level flying
выполнение полетов
1. flight operation
2. flying
выполнение полетов с помощью радиосредств
radio fly
выполнять групповой полет
fly in formation
выполнять круг полета над аэродромом
carry out a circuit of the aerodrome
выполнять полет
carry out the flight
выполнять полет в зоне ожидания
hold over the aids
выполнять полет в определенных условиях
fly under conditions
выполнять полет в режиме ожидания над аэродромом
hold over the beacon
выполнять полет по курсу
fly the heading
выполнять полеты с аэродрома
operate from the aerodrome
высота перехода к визуальному полету
break-off height
высота полета
flight altitude
высота полета вертолета
helicopter overflight height
высота полета вертолета при заходе на посадку
helicopter approach height
высота полета в зоне ожидания
holding flight level
высота полета по маршруту
en-route altitude
высота установленная заданием на полет
specified altitude
высотный полет
1. hing-altitude flight
2. altitude flight
вычислитель параметров траектории полета
flight-path computer
гарантия полета
flight assurance
гасить скорость в полете
decelerate in the flight
гиперзвуковой полет
hypersonic flight
годность к полетам
flight fitness
годный к полетам
airworthy
головокружение при полете в сплошной облачности
cloud vertigo
горизонтальный полет
1. horizontal flight
2. level flight
3. level
горизонтальный полет на крейсерском режиме
level cruise
горизонт, видимый в полете
in-flight apparent horizon
готовый к выполнению полетов
flyable
готовый к полету
in flying condition
граница высот повторного запуска в полете
inflight restart envelope
график полета
flight schedule
грубая ошибка в процессе полета
in flight blunder
груз, сброшенный в полете
jettisoned load in flight
группа, выполняющая полет по туру
tour group
дальность активного полета
all-burnt range
дальность видимости в полете
flight visual range
дальность горизонтального полета
horizontal range
дальность полета
1. range ability
2. flight range
дальность полета без дополнительных топливных баков
built-in range
дальность полета без коммерческой загрузки
zero-payload range
дальность полета без наружных подвесок
clean range
дальность полета в невозмущенной атмосфере
still-air flight range
дальность полета воздушного судна
aircraft range
дальность полета до намеченного пункта
range to go
дальность полета до полного израсходования топлива
flight range with no reserves
дальность полета до пункта назначения
flight distance-to-go
дальность полета на предельно малой высоте
on-the-deck range
дальность полета на режиме авторотации
autorotation range
дальность полета по замкнутому маршруту
closed-circuit range
дальность полета по прямой
direct range
дальность полета при полной заправке
full-tanks range
дальность полета при попутном ветре
downwind range
дальность полета с максимальной загрузкой
full-load range
дальность полета с полной коммерческой загрузкой
commercial range
дальность управляемого полета
controllable range
данные об условиях полета
flight environment data
действующий план полета
operational flight plan
деловой полет
business flight
деловые полеты
business flying
демонстрационный полет
1. demonstration flight
2. demonstration operation
диапазон изменения траектории полета
flight path envelope
диапазон режимов полета
flight envelope
диспетчер по планированию полетов
flight planner
диспетчерское управление полетами
1. operational control
2. flight control
дистанция полета
flight distance
дневной полет
day flight
доводить до уровня годности к полетам
render airworthy
доворот для коррекции направления полета
flight corrective turn
дозаправка топливом в полете
air refuelling
дозаправлять топливом в полете
refuel in flight
дозвуковой полет
subsonic flight
докладывать о занятии заданного эшелона полета
report reaching the flight level
донесение о полете
voyage report
донесение о ходе полета
flight report
дополнительный план полета
supplementary flight plan
допускать пилота к полетам
permit a pilot to operate
допустимый предел шума при полете
flyover noise limit
единый тариф на полет в двух направлениях
two-way fare
завершать полет
1. complete the flight
2. terminate the flight
зависимость коммерческой загрузки от дальности полета
payload versus range
заводской испытательный полет
1. factory test flight
2. production test flight
заданная траектория полета
assigned flight path
заданные условия полета
given conditions of flight
заданный режим полета
basic flight reference
заданный уровень безопасности полетов
target level of safety
заданный эшелон полета
preset flight level
закрытая для полетов ВПП
idle runway
закрытие плана полета
closing a flight plan
замер в полете
inflight measurement
замкнутый маршрут полета
circle trip
занимать заданный эшелон полета
reach the flight level
запасной маршрут полета
alternate air route
запасной план полета
alternate flight plan
запись вибрации в полете
inflight vibration recording
запланированный полет
prearranged flight
запрет полетов
curfew
запрет полетов из-за превышения допустимого уровня шума
noise curfew
запускать двигатель в полете
restart the engine in flight
запуск в полете
inflight starting
запуск в полете без включения стартера
inflight nonassisted starting
зарегистрированный план полета
filed flight plan
заход на посадку после полета по кругу
circle-to-land
защитная зона для полетов вертолетов
helicopter protected zone
заявка на полет
flight request
зона воздушного пространства с особым режимом полета
airspace restricted area
зона ожидания для визуальных полетов
visual holding point
зона полетов
operational area
зона полетов вертолетов
helicopter traffic zone
зона тренировочных полетов
training area
изменение маршрута полета
flight diversion
изменение плана полета
flight replanning
изменение траектории полета
takeoff profile change
измерять маршрут полета
replan the flight
иметь место в полете
be experienced in flight
имитатор условий полета
flight simulator
имитация в полете
inflight simulation
имитация полета в натуральных условиях
full-scale flight
имитируемый полет
simulated flight
имитируемый полет по приборам
simulated instrument flight
индикатор хода полета
flight progress display
инспектор по производству полетов
operations inspector
инструктаж по условиям полета по маршруту
route briefing
инструктаж при аварийной обстановке в полете
inflight emergency instruction
инструктор по производству полетов
flight operations instructor
инструкция по обеспечению безопасности полетов
air safety rules
инструкция по производству полетов
operation instruction
интенсивность полетов
flying intensity
информация о ходе полета
flight progress information
испытание в свободном полете
free-flight test
испытание двигателя в полете
inflight engine test
испытание на максимальную дальность полета
full-distance test
испытание путем имитации полета
simulated flight test
испытания по замеру нагрузки в полете
flight stress measurement tests
испытательные полеты
test fly
испытательный полет
1. test operation
2. shakedown flight
3. test flight
4. trial flight
испытываемый в полете
under flight test
испытывать в полете
test in flight
Исследовательская группа по безопасности полетов
Aviation Security Study Group
исходная высота полета при заходе на посадку
reference approach height
исходная схема полета
reference flight procedure
канал передачи данных в полете
flight data link
карта планирования полетов на малых высотах
low altitude flight planning chart
карта полета
aerial map
карта полетов
1. flight chart
2. flight map
категория ИКАО по обеспечению полета
facility performance ICAO category
квалификационная отметка о допуске к визуальным полетам
visual flying rating
Комитет по безопасности полетов
Safety Investigation Board
коммерческий полет
commercial operation
компьютерное планирование полетов
computer flight planning
контролируемое воздушное пространство предназначенное для полетов по приборам
instrument restricted airspace
контролируемый полет
controlled flight
контроль за полетом
flight monitoring
контроль за производством полетов
operating supervision
контроль за ходом полета
flight supervision
контрольный полет
1. check
2. checkout flight
контрольный полет перед приемкой
flight acceptance test
контроль полета
flight watch
конфигурация при полете на маршруте
en-route configuration
короткий полет
hop
крейсерская скорость для полета максимальной дальности
long-range cruise speed
крейсерский полет
1. cruise
2. cruising flight
кресло, расположенное перпендикулярно направлению полета
outboard facing seat
кресло, расположенное по направлению полета
forward facing seat
кресло, расположенное против направления полета
aft facing seat
кривая зависимости коммерческой от дальности полета
payload-range curve
кривая изменения высоты полета
altitude curve
кривизна траектории полета
flight path curvature
круговой маршрут полета
round trip
кругосветный полет
around-the-world flight
круг полета над аэродромом
1. aerodrome circuit
2. aerodrome circle
курсограф траектории полета
flight-path plotter
курс полета
flight course
курсы подготовки пилотов к полетам по приборам
instrument pilot school
левый круг полета
left circuit
летать в режиме бреющего полета
fly at a low level
летная полоса, оборудованная для полетов по приборам
instrument strip
линия полета
line of flight
линия полета по курсу
on-course line
линия пути полета
flight track
магистральный полет
long-distance flight
малошумный полет
noiseless flight
маневр в полете
inflight manoeuvre
маршрут минимального времени полета
minimum time track
маршрутная карта полетов на малых высотах
low altitude en-route chart
маршрутное планирование полетов
en-route flight planning
маршрут полета
1. flight route
2. flight lane
маршрут полета в направлении от вторичных радиосредств
track from secondary radio facility
медицинская служба обеспечения полетов
aeromedical safety division
меры безопасности в полете
flight safety precautions
местные полеты
local flying
метеосводка по трассе полета
airway climatic data
методика выполнения полета с минимальным шумом
minimum noise procedure
механизм для создания условий полета в нестабильной атмосфере
rough air mechanism
механизм открытия защелки в полете
mechanical flight release latch
мешать обзору в полете
obscure inflight view
минимальная высота полета по кругу
minimum circling procedure height
минимальная крейсерская высота полета
minimum cruising level
минимальная скорость полета
minimum flying speed
минимум для полетов по кругу
circling minima
многоэтапный полет
multistage flight
моделирование условий полета
flight simulation
набирать высоту при полете по курсу
climb on the course
набирать заданную скорость полета
obtain the flying speed
нагрузка в полете
flight load
нагрузка в полете от поверхности управления
flight control load
надежность в полете
inflight reliability
наземный ориентир на трассе полета
en-route ground mark
накладывать ограничения на полеты
restrict the operations
намеченный маршрут полета
the route to be flown
направление полета
flight direction
начинать полет
commence the flight
незамкнутый маршрут полета
open-jaw trip
неконтролируемый полет
uncontrolled flight
необходимые меры предосторожности в полете
flight reasonable precautions
неожиданное препятствие в полете
hidden flight hazard
неофициальная информация о полете
unofficial flight information
неправильно оцененное расстояние в полете
misjudged flight distance
неправильно принятое в полете решение
improper in-flight decision
непрерывная запись хода полета
continuous flight record
непригодный к выполнению полетов
unflyable
непроизвольное увеличение высоты полета
altitude gain
неразрешенный полет
unauthorized operation
несбалансированный полет
out-of-trim flight
несоответствие плану полета
flight discrepancy
неуправляемый полет
incontrollable flight
неустановившийся полет
1. unsteady flight
2. transient flight
нижний обзор в полете
downward inflight view
нижний эшелон полета
lower flight level
нормы шума при полетах на эшелоне
level flight noise requirements
ночной полет
night flight
ночные полеты
night-time flying
ночные учебные полеты
night training
обеспечение безопасности полетов
promotion of safety
обеспечение эшелонирования полетов воздушных судов
aircraft separation assurance
обеспечивать соблюдение правил полетов
enforce rules of the air
обзор в полете
inflight view
оборудование автоматического управления полетом
automatic flight control equipment
оборудование для демонстрационных полетов
sign towing equipment
оборудование для полетов в темное время суток
night-flying equipment
оборудование для полетов по приборам
blind flight equipment
обратный маршрут полета
return trip
обратный полет
return
обучение в процессе полетов
flying training
огни на трассе полета
airway lights
ограничение времени полета
flight duty period
ограничение по скорости полета
air-speed limitation
односторонний маршрут полета
single trip
ожидание в процессе полета
hold en-route
ознакомительный полет
familiarization flight
опасные условия полета
hazardous flight conditions
оперативное планирование полетов
operational flight planning
оперировать органами управления полетом
1. handle the flight controls
2. manipulate the flight controls
описание маршрута полета
route description
опознавание в полете
aerial identification
определять зону полета воздушного судна
space the aircraft
организация полетов
flight regulation
ориентировочный прогноз на полет
provisional flight forecast
особые меры в полете
in-flight extreme care
особые случаи выполнения полетов
abnormal operations
особые явления погоды на маршруте полета
en-route weather phenomena
остановка на маршруте полета
en-route stop
остановка при полете обратно
outbound stopover
остановка при полете туда
inbound stopover
осуществлять контроль за ходом полета
exercise flight supervision
отклонение от курса полета
deviation
отклонение от линии горизонтального полета
deviation from the level flight
отклоняться от плана полета
deviate from the flight plan
открытая для полетов ВПП
operational runway
открытый для полетов
navigable
отменять полет
1. cancel the flight
2. cancel operation
отрезок полета
portion of a flight
отсчет показаний при полете на глиссаде
on-slope indication
отчет о полете
flight history
оценка пилотом ситуации в полете
pilot judgement
очередность полетов
air priority
панель контроля хода полета
flight deck
парящие полеты
sail fly
парящий полет
1. soaring flight
2. sailing flight
первый полет
maiden flight
переводить воздушное судно в горизонтальный полет
put the aircraft over
перегоночный полет
1. delivery flight
2. ferry operation
3. ferry flight
передний обзор в полете
forward inflight view
переход в режим горизонтального полета
puchover
перечень необходимого исправного оборудования для полета
minimum equipment item
персонал по обеспечению полетов
flight operations personnel
планирование полетов
flight planning
планирование полетов экипажей
crew scheduling
планируемый полет
intended flight
планирующий полет
gliding flight
план повторяющихся полетов
repetitive flight plan
план полета
flight plan
план полета, переданный с борта
air-filed flight plan
план полета по приборам
instrument flight plan
планшет хода полета
flight progress board
повторный запуск в полете
flight restart
погрешность выдерживания высоты полета
height-keeping error
подвергать полет опасности
jeopardize the flight
подготовка для полетов по приборам
instrument flight training
подготовленная для полетов ВПП
maintained runway
поисковый полет
search operation
полет без крена
wings-level flight
полет в восточном направлении
eastbound flight
полет в зоне ожидания
1. holding flight
2. holding
полет в направлении на станцию
flight inbound the station
полет в направлении от станции
flight outbound the station
полет в невозмущенной атмосфере
still-air flight
полет вне расписания
1. nonscheduled flight
2. unscheduled flight
полет вне установленного маршрута
off-airway flight
полет в нормальных метеоусловиях
normal weather operation
полет в обоих направлениях
back-to-back flight
полет в одном направлении
one-way flight
полет в пределах континента
coast-to-coast flight
полет в режиме висения
hover flight
полет в режиме ожидания
holding operation
полет в режиме ожидания на маршруте
holding en-route operation
полет в связи с особыми обстоятельствами
special event flight
полет в сложных метеоусловиях
bad-weather flight
полет в строю
formation flight
полет в условиях болтанки
1. bumpy-air flight
2. turbulent flight
полет в условиях отсутствия видимости
nonvisual flight
полет в условиях плохой видимости
low-visibility flight
полет в установленной зоне
standoff flight
полет в установленном секторе
sector flight
полет для выполнения наблюдений с воздуха
1. aerial survey flight
2. aerial survey operation
полет для выполнения работ
1. aerial work operation
2. aerial work flight
полет для контроля состояния посевов
crop control flight
полет для контроля состояния посевов с воздуха
crop control operation
полет для ознакомления с местностью
orientation flight
полет для оказания медицинской помощи
aerial ambulance operation
полет для проверки летных характеристик
performance flight
полет для разведки метеорологической обстановки
meteorological reconnaissance flight
полет на автопилоте
autocontrolled flight
полет на аэростате
ballooning
полет на буксире
aerotow flight
полет на дальность
distance flight
полет над водным пространством
1. overwater flight
2. overwater operation
полет над облаками
overweather flight
полет над открытым морем
flight over the high seas
полет на конечном этапе захода на посадку
final approach operation
полет на короткое расстояние
1. flip
2. short-haul flight
полет на крейсерском режиме
normal cruise operation
полет на критическом угле атаки
stall flight
полет на малой высоте
low flying operation
полет на малой скорости
low-speed flight
полет на малом газе
idle flight
полет на малых высотах
low flight
полет на номинальном расчетном режиме
with rated power flight
полет на одном двигателе
single-engined flight
полет на ориентир
directional homing
полет на полном газе
full-throttle flight
полет на продолжительность
endurance flight
полет на режиме авторотации
autorotational flight
полет на среднем участке маршрута
mid-course flight
полет на участке между третьим и четвертым разворотами
base leg operation
полетное время, продолжительность полета в данный день
flying time today
полет, открывающий воздушное сообщение
inaugural flight
полет под наблюдением
supervised flight
полет по дополнительному маршруту
extra section flight
полет по заданной траектории
desired path flight
полет по заданному маршруту
desired track flight
полет по замкнутому кругу
closed-circuit flight
полет по замкнутому маршруту
round-trip
полет по индикации на стекле
head-up flight
полет по инерции
1. coasting flight
2. coast
полет по коробочке
box-pattern flight
полет по круговому маршруту
1. round-trip flight
2. circling
полет по кругу
circuit-circling
полет по кругу в районе аэродрома
aerodrome traffic circuit operation
полет по кругу над аэродромом
1. aerodrome circuit-circling
2. aerodrome circling
полет по курсу
flight on heading
полет по локсодромии
rhumb-line flight
полет по маршруту
1. en-route operation
2. en-route flight
полет по маякам ВОР
VOR course flight
полет по наземным ориентирам
visual navigation flight
полет по наземным ориентирам или по командам наземных станций
reference flight
полет по полному маршруту
entire flight
полет по приборам
1. blind flight
2. instrument flight
3. head-down flight
4. instrument flight rules operation
полет по приборам, обязательный для данной зоны
compulsory IFR flight
полет по размеченному маршруту
point-to-point flight
полет по расписанию
1. scheduled flight
2. regular flight
полет по сигналам с земли
directed reference flight
полет по условным меридианам
grid flight
полет по установленным правилам
flight under the rules
полет с боковым ветром
cross-wind flight
полет с визуальной ориентировкой
visual contact flight
полет с выключенным двигателем
engine-off flight
полет с выключенными двигателями
power-off flight
полет с дозаправкой топлива в воздухе
refuelling flight
полет с инструктором
1. dual flight
2. dual operation
полет с креном
banked flight
полет с набором высоты
1. nose-up flying
2. climbing flight
полет с несимметричной тягой двигателей
asymmetric flight
полет с обычным взлетом и посадкой
conventional flight
полет со встречным ветром
head-wind flight
полет со снижением
1. downward flight
2. nose-down flying
3. descending operation
4. descending flight
полет со сносом
drift flight
полет с отклонением
diverted flight
полет с парированием сноса
crabbing flight
полет с пересечением границ
border-crossing flight
полет с помощью радионавигационных средств
radio navigation flight
полет с попутным ветром
tailwind flight
полет с посадкой
entire journey
полет с постоянным курсом
single-heading flight
полет с промежуточной остановкой
one-stop flight
полет с работающим двигателем
engine-on flight
полет с работающими двигателями
1. powered flight
2. power-on flight
полет с сопровождающим
chased flight
полет с убранными закрылками
flapless flight
полет с уменьшением скорости
decelerating flight
полет с ускорением
accelerated flight
полет с целью перебазирования
positioning flight
полет с целью установления координат объекта поиска
aerial spotting operation
полет с частного воздушного судна
private flight
полет туда-обратно
1. turn-around operation
2. turnround flight
полет туда — обратно
out-and-return flight
полет хвостом вперед
rearward flight
полеты авиации общего назначения
general aviation operations
полеты воздушных судов
aircraft flying
полеты в районе открытого моря
off-shore operations
полеты в светлое время суток
daylight operations
полеты в темное время суток
night operations
полеты гражданских воздушных судов
civil air operations
полеты на высоких эшелонах
high-level operations
полеты на малых высотах
low flying
полеты планера
glider flying
полеты по воздушным трассам
airways flying
полеты по изобаре
pressure flying
полеты по контрольным точкам
fix-to-fix flying
полеты по кругу
circuit flying
полеты по наземным естественным ориентирам
terrain fly
полеты по низким метеоминимумам
low weather operations
полеты по обратному лучу
back beam flying
полеты по ортодромии
great-circle flying
полеты по прямому лучу
front beam flying
полеты по радиолучу
radio-beam fly
полеты с использованием радиомаяков
radio-range fly
получать задания на полет
receive flight instruction
по полету
looking forward
порядок действий во время полета
inflight procedure
посадка на маршруте полета
intermediate landing
правила визуального полета
1. visual flight rules
2. contact flight rules
правила полета в аварийной обстановке
emergency flight procedures
правила полета по кругу
circuit rules
правила полетов
1. rules of the air
2. flight rules
правила полетов по приборам
instrument flight rules
правый круг полета
1. right circuit
2. right-hand circle
предварительная заявка на полет
advance flight plan
предварительные меры по обеспечению безопасности полетов
advance arrangements
предписанный маршрут полета
prescribed flight track
предполагаемая траектория полета
intended flight path
представление плана полета
submission of a flight plan
представлять план полета
submit the flight plan
предупреждение опасных условий полета
avoidance of hazardous conditions
преимущественное право полета
traffic privilege
препятствие на пути полета
air obstacle
прерванный полет
aborted operation
прерывать полет
1. break the journey
2. abort the flight
пригодность для полета на местных воздушных линиях
local availability
пригодный для полета только в светлое время суток
available for daylight operation
придерживаться плана полета
adhere to the flight plan
приемно-сдаточный полет
acceptance flight
приспособление для захвата объектов в процессе полета
flight pick-up equipment
проведение работ по снижению высоты препятствий для полетов
obstacle clearing
проверено в полете
flight checked
проверка в полете
flight check
проверка готовности экипажа к полету
flight crew supervision
проверка обеспечения полетов на маршруте
route-proving trial
программа всепогодных полетов
all-weather operations program
прогулочные полеты
pleasure flying
прогулочный полет
1. pleasure operation
2. pleasure flight
3. с осмотром достопримечательностей sight-seeing flight
продолжать полет
continue the flight
продолжать полет на аэронавигационном запасе топлива
continue operating on the fuel reserve
продолжительность полета
1. flight endurance
2. flight duration
продолжительность полета без дозаправки топливом
nonrefuelling duration
прокладка маршрута полета
flight routing
прокладка маршрута полета согласно указанию службы управления движением
air traffic control routing
пространственная ориентация в полете
inflight spatial orientation
против полета
looking aft
прямолинейный полет
straight flight
пункт трассы полета
airway fix
пункт управления полетами
operations tower
рабочий эшелон полета
usable flight level
радиолокационный обзор в полете
inflight radar scanning
разбор полета
postflight debriefing
разворот на курс полета
joining turn
разрешение в процессе полета по маршруту
en-route clearance
разрешение на выполнение плана полета
flight plan clearance
разрешение на выполнение полета
permission for operation
разрешение на полет
1. flight clearance
2. operational clearance
разрешение на полет в зоне ожидания
holding clearance
разрешение на полет по приборам
instrument clearance
разрешенные полеты на малой высоте
authorized low flying
разрешенный полет
authorized operation
районный диспетчерский пункт управления полетами
area flight control
район полетов верхнего воздушного пространства
upper flight region
распечатка сведений о полете
navigation hard copy
расписание полетов
flight timetable
расходы при подготовке к полетам
pre-operating costs
расчет времени полета
time-of-flight calculation
расчетная дальность полета
design flying range
расчетная скорость полета
reference flight speed
расчетное время полета
estimated time of flight
реальные условия полета
actual flight conditions
регистратор параметров полета
1. flight data recorder
2. black box
регистрация плана полета
flight plan filing
регистрировать план полета
file the flight plan
регулярность полетов
regularity of operations
режим полета
1. mode of flight
2. flight mode
резервный план полета
stored flight plan
рекламный полет
advertizing flight
рекомендации по обеспечению безопасности полетов
safety recommendations
рекомендуемая траектория полета
desired flight path
руководство по полетам воздушных судов гражданской авиации
civil air regulations
руководство по производству полетов в зоне аэродрома
aerodrome rules
руководство по управлению полетами
flight control fundamentals
самостоятельный полет
1. solo flight
2. solo operation
сближение в полете
air miss
сбор за аэронавигационное обслуживание на трассе полета
en-route facility charge
сверхзвуковой полет
supersonic flight
свидетельство о допуске к полетам
certificate of safety for flight
свободный полет
free flight
свободный эшелон полета
odd flight level
связь для управления полетами
control communication
связь по обеспечению регулярности полетов
flight regularity communication
сдвиг ветра в зоне полета
flight wind shear
Секция полетов и летной годности
operations-airworthiness Section
(ИКАО)
сертификационный испытательный полет
certification test flight
сертифицировать как годный к полетам
certify as airworthy
сигнал действий в полете
flight urgency signal
сигнализация аварийной обстановки в полете
air alert warning
сигнал между воздушными судами в полете
air-to-air signal
сигнал полета по курсу
on-course signal
система имитации полета
flight simulation system
система инспектирования полетов
flight inspection system
система информации о состоянии безопасности полетов
aviation safety reporting system
система обеспечения полетов
flight operations system
система предупреждения конфликтных ситуаций в полете
conflict alert system
система управления полетом
1. flight control system
2. flight management system
сквозной полет
through flight
скольжение в направлении полета
forwardslip
скоростной полет
high-speed flight
скорость горизонтального полета
level-flight speed
скорость набора высоты при полете по маршруту
en-route climb speed
скорость полета
flight speed
скорость полета на малом газе
flight idle speed
скорость установившегося полета
steady flight speed
следить за полетом
monitor the flight
служба безопасности полетов
airworthiness division
служба обеспечения полетов
flight service
смещенный эшелон полета
staggered flight level
снежный заряд в зоне полета
inflight snow showers
снижать высоту полета воздушного судна
push the aircraft down
создавать опасность полету
make an operation hazardous
сообщение о ходе выполнения полета
progress report
составлять план полета
complete the flight plan
состояние годности к полетам
flyable status
состояние готовности ВПП к полетам
clear runway status
списание девиации в полете
airswinging
списание девиации компаса в полете
air compass swinging
списание радиодевиации в полете
airborne error measurement
способствовать выполнению полета
affect flight operation
средства обеспечения полета
flying aids
средства обеспечения полетов по приборам
nonvisual aids
срок представления плана на полет
flight plan submission deadline
станция службы обеспечения полетов
flight service station
схема визуального полета по кругу
visual circling procedure
схема полета
flight procedure
схема полета в зоне ожидания
holding procedure
схема полета по кругу
1. circling procedure
2. circuit pattern
схема полета по маршруту
en-route procedure
схема полета по приборам
instrument flight procedure
схема полета по приборам в зоне ожидания
instrument holding procedure
схема полета с минимальным расходом топлива
fuel savings procedure
схема полетов
bug
схема полетов по кругу
traffic circuit
счетчик дальности полета
distance flown counter
счетчик пройденного километража в полете
air-mileage indicator
счисление пути полета
flight dead reckoning
считывание показаний приборов в полете
flight instrument reading
таблица эшелонов полета
flight level table
тариф для отдельного участка полета
sectorial fare
тариф для полета в одном направлении
single fare
тариф для полетов внутри одной страны
cabotage fare
тариф на отдельном участке полета
sectorial rate
тариф на полет в ночное время суток
night fare
тариф на полет по замкнутому кругу
round trip fare
тариф на полет с возвратом в течение суток
day round trip fare
текущий план полета
current flight plan
теория полета
theory of flight
техника выполнения полетов
operating technique
тип полета
flight type
точность слежения за траекторией полета
path tracking accuracy
траектория горизонтального полета
1. horizontal flight path
2. level flight path
траектория неустановившегося полета
transient flight path
траектория полета
flight path
траектория полета в зоне ожидания
holding path
траектория полета наименьшей продолжительности
minimum flight path
траектория полета по маршруту
en-route flight path
траектория полета с предпосылкой к конфликтной ситуации
conflicting flight path
траектория полетов по низким минимумам погоды
low weather minima path
трансконтинентальный полет
overland flight
тренажер для подготовки к полетам по приборам
instrument flight trainer
тренировочный полет
1. practice flight
2. training flight
3. practice operation
4. training operation
тренировочный полет с инструктором
training dual flight
тренировочный самостоятельный полет
training solo flight
тяга в полете
flight thrust
увеличивать дальность полета
extend range
угол наклона траектории полета
flight path angle
угрожать безопасности полетов
jeopardize flight safety
угроза безопасности полетов
flight safety hazard
угроза применения взрывчатого устройства в полете
inflight bomb threat
удостоверение на право полета по авиалинии
airline certificate
удостоверение на право полета по приборам
instrument certificate
указания по условиям эксплуатации в полете
inflight operational instructions
указатель местоположения в полете
air position indicator
указатель утвержденных маршрутов полета
routing indicator
управление воздушным движением на трассе полета
airways control
управление полетом
flight management
управляемый полет
1. man-directed flight
2. vectored flight
управлять ходом полета
govern the flight
уровень безопасности полетов воздушного судна
aircraft safety factor
условия в полете
in-flight conditions
условия нагружения в полете
flight loading conditions
условное обозначение в сообщении о ходе полета
flight report identification
условное обозначение события в полете
flight occurrence identification
устанавливать режим полета
establish the flight conditions
установившийся полет
1. stationary flight
2. unaccelerated flight
3. stabilized flight
4. steady flight
установленная схема полета по кругу
fixed circuit
установленные обязанности в полете
prescribed flight duty
установленный маршрут полета
the route to be followed
установленный порядок выполнения полета
approved flight procedure
устойчивость в полете
inflight stability
устойчивость на траектории полета
arrow flight stability
утвержденный план полета
approved flight plan
уточнение задания на полет
flight coordination
уточнение плана полета
change to a flight plan
уточнение плана полета по сведениям, полученным в полете
inflight operational planning
уточнять план полета
modify the flight plan
ухудшение в полете
flight deterioration
участник полета
1. flyer
2. flier
участок крейсерского полета
cruising segment
участок маршрута полета
1. air leg
2. airborne segment
участок полета без коммерческих прав
blind sector
участок траектории полета
flight path segment
учебные полеты
instruction flying
учебный полет
instructional operation
учебный полет с инструктором
instructional dual flight
учебный проверочный полет
instructional check flight
учебный самостоятельный полет
instructional solo flight
фактическая траектория полета
actual flight path
фигурный полет
acrobatic flight
характеристика набора высоты при полете по маршруту
en-route climb performance
целевой полет
itinerant operation
цепь поля возбуждения
exciting circuit
цифровая система наведения в полете
digital flight guidance system
чартерный рейс при наличии регулярных полетов
on-line charter
чартерный рейс при отсутствии регулярных полетов
off-line charter
частота на маршруте полета
en-route frequency
частота полетов
frequency of operations
челночные полеты
shuttle flights
чрезвычайное обстоятельство в полете
flight emergency circumstance
широковещательная радиостанция службы обеспечения полетов
aerodynamic broadcast station
шторка слепого полета
instrument flying bind
экспериментальный полет
1. experimental flight
2. experimental operation
эксплуатационная дальность полета
flight service range
эксплуатационная дальность полета воздушного судна
aircraft operational range
электронная система управления полетом
flight management computer system
этапа полета в пределах одного государства
domestic flight stage
этап полета
1. operation phase
2. flight stage
этап полета над другим государством
international flight stage
этап полета по маршруту
en-route flight phase
этап полета, указанный в полетном купоне
flight coupon stage
эшелонирование полетов воздушных судов
aircraft spacing
эшелон полета
flight level
Contents
- 1 Section 1
- 1.1 Questions 1-5
- 1.2 Questions 6-9
- 1.3 Tetanus Injection
- 1.4 Questions 10-12
- 1.5 Visiting Melbourne
- 1.6 Photocopy cards
- 1.7 Questions 11 and 12:
- 2 Section 2
- 2.1 Clubs For Students
- 2.1.1 A. Commonwealth Trust
- 2.1.2 B. Charles Peguy Centre
- 2.1.3 C. Kensington Committee of Friendship for Overseas Students
- 2.1.4 D. Royal Overseas League
- 2.1.5 E. YMCA London Central
- 2.1.6 F. London Inter-Varsity Club (IVC)
- 2.1.7 G. Central Club
- 2.2 Questions 20-27
- 2.2.1 International Students House
- 2.1 Clubs For Students
- 3 Section 3
- 3.1 The Discovery of Uranus
- 3.2 Questions 28-32
- 3.3 Questions 33-37
- 3.4 Questions 38 – 41
- 4 Answer Key
- 4.1 Section 1
- 4.2 Section 2
- 4.3 Section 3
The IELTS General Training Reading will give you 60 minutes to complete 3 sections where the question subject will be everyday/ general topics.
Section 1
Start at the beginning of the test and work through it. You should answer all questions.
If you cannot do a particular question, leave it and go on to the next. You can return to it later.
Questions 1-5
Look at the advertisement for cheap theatre tickets. Match the information about the service with questions A-F in the picture.
Write the appropriate letters A-F in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.
Example: Answer A
Cheap – Tix staff are theatre lovers too. They see almost every show in town and can give advice on a show to suit your requirements. Tourist maps and brochures are also available at the Cheap – Tix booth.
1 In the word ‘cash’. Credit cards, cheques or travellers’ cheques are not accepted.
2 Tickets available to shows all over town are collected each morning from theatre box offices and ticket agencies and are offered for sale from 10 a.m at the Cheap – Tix booth in the city mall.
3 Cheap – Tix does not offer advance bookings or sales information. Customers must come in person to the Cheap – Tix booth on the day of the performance. Shows available are listed on the bulletin boards. There is no direct telephone link with the Cheap – Tix sales booth.
4 Anyone who goes to the Cheap – Tix booth can buy whatever tickets are available, making the service ideal for groups.
5 Cheap – Tix will sell tickets to any show it can get. This includes rock concerts and musicals.
Questions 6-9
Read the following advice about preventing tetanus. Do the statements that follow agree with the information given in the text?
In the boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet write:
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
IELTS Reading (General) Actual Tests with Answers (July — October 2022) | eBook
4.8 of 90 Reviews
Written by professional IELTS teachers to help candidates on the big day
Written by professional IELTS teachers to help candidates on the big day
Tetanus Injection
All wounds carry a risk of infection. Dirty wounds, in particular, carry a risk of tetanus infection. The bacteria that cause tetanus are present in the soil and in animal faces. If they get into a wound they multiply very rapidly. Tetanus is a serious, potentially fatal condition. It can cause muscle spasms and leads to lockjaw. It can be prevented by a tetanus injection.
Have regular tetanus injections. A booster is recommended every five years. Always check that you are covered after any injury where the skin is broken.
Be particularly sure that children have regular tetanus injections. They are more prone to falling over and getting dirt in a wound than adults.
6 Tetanus can kill you.
7 Household pets should be given tetanus injections.
8 A single tetanus injection provides permanent protection.
9 Children have a higher risk than adults of getting tetanus.
Questions 10-12
Read the following advertisements and answer the questions. Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 10-12 on your answer sheet.
Visiting Melbourne
Pick up a copy of This Week in Melbourne It’s full of up-to-the-minute information on:
- sightseeing
- shopping
- antiques and galleries
- wineries
- entertainment
- dining out and accommodation
Copies are available from the Victorian Government Travel Centre, 10 Jones Street, Sydney.
10 What is being advertised?
A a hotel
B guided tour
C a shopping mall
D a tourist magazine
Photocopy cards
The college has introduced a new card system for obtaining photocopies called COPY CARD which replaces the old system. The most important feature of the new card system is card reusability. When you have used up all the credits on your card, you simply recharge it.
To get your COPY CARD:
- go to the Students’ Union office. When you have used the current credit in the card, simply return the card along with a cash payment for the amount of credit you want to be added, or
- There is a card dispenser in the library.
There is a unit cost of $1.50 per card.
If you have any further enquiries you can contact the Technical Officer at the Students’ Union.
Questions 11 and 12:
11 The old cards ………………….
A were cheaper
B were not reliable
C could not be used again
D cost $1.50
12 When your card has run out of credits ……………….
A you can decide how many more credits you want to buy
B you have to pay $1.50
C you should contact the Technical Officer
D you will have to buy a new one
Also check :
- IELTS Reading
- Tips to Improve IELTS Reading Skills
- IELTS Reading Practice Test
- True False Not Given IELTS Reading
- IELTS Reading recent actual test
- IELTS Academic Reading test papers with answers pdf
- IELTS General reading practice test
- IELTS General Training
Section 2
You have to spend not more than 20 mins on questions 13 – 27
Look at the article Club for Students below. Which club would you contact for each of the requirements below? Write the appropriate letter A-G in boxes 15-21 on your answer sheet. You may use each letter more than once.
The first one has been done for you as an example.
Example – You wish to go swimming at 7 am every morning. Answer – G
13 You would like to take Spanish classes.
14 You want to join a club that has international branches.
15 You would like an opportunity to speak in public.
16 You would like to take part in amateur theatrical productions.
17 You want to visit some famous sites with a group of other students.
18 You are interested in finding out about part-time work.
19 You want to meet some English people who have started their careers.
Clubs For Students
There are a variety of Clubs which provide social and cultural activities for those wishing to meet others with similar interests from the same or from different national backgrounds.
A. Commonwealth Trust
Organized discussion meetings, learned talks, cultural events excursions to places of interest and invitations to major British diary events Open to overseas visitors and students.
B. Charles Peguy Centre
French youth centre providing advice, support and information to young Europeans aged between 18-30. Facilities include an information and advice service regarding education, work placement and general welfare rights. Moreover, the centre holds a database of jobs, accommodation and au pair placements specifically in London. Members may use a fax machine, a copier and computers for CVs.
Hours Monday: 14.00-17.00
Tuesday-Friday: 10.00-17.00
Membership: £35 per year, plus £5 per month.
C. Kensington Committee of Friendship for Overseas Students
KCOF is a society for young people from all countries. Each month there are some 40 parties, discos, visits to theatres, concerts, walks and other gatherings where you will be able to meet lots of people. A new programme is sent each month directly to members (£5 to join in October, less later in the year). Events are free or at low often reduced prices. Office open 10.30-17.30 weekdays only.
D. Royal Overseas League
Open 365 days per year, this is a club with facilities in London and Edinburgh with restaurants, bars and accommodation. There are branches around the world and 57 reciprocal clubs worldwide. Quarterly magazine, literary lectures, an annual music and art competitions, and summer and winter programme of events for members. Membership fees overseas students aged 17-24 £47 per year + initial joining fee £23.50; others £70 per year + initial joining fee £35 (half price after July). Further information from the Membership Secretary.
E. YMCA London Central
Facilities include photography, art, drama, pottery, language courses, badminton, squash, exercise to music, circuit training, sports clinic, fitness testing and other activities. Hours weekdays 07.00-22.30, weekends 10.00-21.00. Membership fees: aged 16-17 £25 per year plus attendance charge of £1 30 per visit; aged 18-19 £213 per year; aged 20-25 £366 per year
F. London Inter-Varsity Club (IVC)
IVC is an activity and social club with a varied range of events, from cycling and drama to windsurfing and yoga. Most members are young English professionals, but overseas visitors are welcome. The club arranges restaurant meals, dancing and parties, weekends away around Britain, plus a weekly club night in a Covent Garden bar. There are usually over 25 different events every week run by IVG members for IVC members. To find out more, telephone the club or write (Freepost) to the office.
G. Central Club
Provides accommodation and club facilities. No membership fee. Coffee shop open for all meals swimming pool (open 06.00), multi-gym, hairdressing salon.
Questions 20-27
Read the article on International Students House and look at the statements below. In boxes 20-27 on your answer sheet write
True – If the statement is true
False – If the statement is false
Not Given – If the information is not given in the passage
Example: The club is for overseas students only, Answer – False
20 The club has long-term dormitory accommodation.
21 Membership must be renewed monthly.
22 The club provides subsidised restaurant meals.
23 The club is open to non-members on Tuesday evenings.
24 STA Travel helps finance the Students Adviser.
25 The services of the Students Adviser are free to all club members.
26 You must make an appointment to see the Students Adviser.
27 There will be a surcharge for accommodation over the Christmas period.
International Students House
International Students House is a unique club and accommodation centre for British and overseas students in London. It is located in the heart of London’s West End and is close to all public transport facilities.
Accommodations
- comfortable accommodation for up to 450 people in single, twin, 3/4 bedded and multi-bedded rooms
- 44 self-contained flats for married students and families
- long and short stays welcome
Membership
Club membership is open to all full-time students, professional trainees, student nurses and au pairs. Membership costs are kept to an absolute minimum to enable the widest possible access. You can join for as little as one month and for up to one year at a time. Membership entitles you to use the various facilities of the House. It has:
- restaurants
- student bars and coffee shop
- study rooms
- clubs and societies
- aerobics and fitness training
- discos, dance, jazz and cinema
- travel and excursions and much more! The best way to check out all we have on offer is to drop in any Tuesday evening between 7.15 pm and 8.30 pm for Open House in the Club Room. This is an opportunity for you to meet the staff and other club members, enjoy a free cup of coffee and find out all about what’s going on. You can take advantage of special membership offers. (Useful tip: bring along 3 passport size photographs if you wish to take out membership.)
Advice Service
Thanks to the support of STA Travel and in association with LCOS (the London Conference on Overseas Students) International Students House now provides the service of an International Students Adviser. This new welfare service is open to all students at London’s bonafide academic institutions. It aims to provide welfare support to help students overcome any personal or practical difficulties they may be experiencing whilst studying in Britain. One of the key features of the Advice Service is that the Adviser can be seen during the evenings until about 8 pm, Monday to Thursday.
Christmas & New Years
Unable to get home for Christmas? How about joining in the fun at the International Students House! Check out our special programme of activity taking place over the Christmas period. Even come and stay – the House will be offering reduced accommodation rates for students wishing to spend a few days in London over Christmas. We’ll also have an exciting New Year’s Eve party so come and join us and ring in the new year in the spirit of internationalism.
Section 3
Read the following passage and answer questions 28-41
The Discovery of Uranus
Someone once put forward an attractive though unlikely theory. Throughout the Earth’s annual revolution around the sun, there is one point of space always hidden from our eyes. This point is the opposite part of the Earth’s orbit, which is always hidden by the sun. Could there be another planet there, essentially similar to our own, but always invisible?
If a space probe today sent back evidence that such a world existed it would cause not much more sensation than Sir William Herschel’s discovery of a new planet, Uranus, in 1781. Herschel was an extraordinary man — no other astronomer has ever covered so vast a field of work — and his career deserves study. He was born in Hanover in Germany in 1738, left the German army in 1757, and arrived in England the same year with no money but quite exceptional music ability. He played the violin and oboe and at one time was organist in the Octagon Chapel in the city of Bath. Herschel’s was an active mind, and deep inside he was conscious that music was not his destiny; he, therefore, read widely in science and the arts, but not until 1772 did he come across a book on astronomy. He was then 34, middle-aged by the standards of the time, but without hesitation he embarked on his new career, financing it by his professional work as a musician. He spent years mastering the art of telescope construction, and even by present-day standards, his instruments are comparable with the best.
The serious observation began in 1774. He set himself the astonishing task of ‘reviewing the heavens’ in other words, pointing his telescope to every accessible part of the sky and recording what he saw. The first review was made in 1775; the second, and most momentous, in 1780-81. It was during the latter part of this that he discovered Uranus. Afterwards, supported by the royal grant in recognition of his work, he was able to devote himself entirely to astronomy. His final achievements spread from the sun and moon to remote galaxies (of which he discovered hundreds), and papers flooded from his pen until his death in 1822. Among these, there was one sent to the Royal Society in 1781, entitled An Account of a Comet. In his own words:
On Tuesday the 13th of March, between ten and eleven in the evening, while I was examining the small stars in the neighbourhood of H Geminorum, I perceived one that appeared visibly larger than the rest; being struck with its uncommon magnitude, I compared it to H Geminorum and the small star in the quartile between Auriga and Gemini, and finding it to be much larger than either of them, suspected it to be a comet.
Herschel’s care was the hallmark of a great observer; he was not prepared to jump any conclusions. Also, to be fair, the discovery of a new planet was the last thought in anybody’s mind. But further observation by other astronomers besides Herschel revealed two curious facts. For the comet, it showed a remarkably sharp disc; furthermore, it was moving so slowly that it was thought to be a great distance from the sun, and comets are only normally visible in the immediate vicinity of the sun. As its orbit came to be worked out the truth dawned that it was a new planet far beyond Saturn’s realm and that the ‘reviewer of the heavens’ had stumbled across an unprecedented prize. Herschel wanted to call it Georgian sidus (Star of George) in honour of his royal patron King George III of Great Britain. The planet was later for a time called Herschel in honour of its discoverer. The name Uranus, which was first proposed by the German astronomer Johann Elert Bode, was in use by the late 19th century.
Uranus is a giant in construction, but not so much in size; its diameter compares unfavourably with that of Jupiter and Saturn, though on the terrestrial scale it is still colossal. Uranus’s atmosphere consists largely of hydrogen and helium, with a trace of methane. Through a telescope, the planet appears as a small bluish-green disc with a faint green periphery. In 1977, while recording the occultation 1 of a star behind the planet, the American astronomer James L. Elliot discovered the presence of five rings encircling the equator of Uranus. Four more rings were discovered in January 1986 during the exploratory flight of Voyager 2 2, In addition to its rings, Uranus has 15 satellites (‘moons’), the last 10 discovered by Voyager 2 on the same flight; all revolve about its equator and move with the planet in an east-west direction. The two largest moons, Titania and Oberon, were discovered by Herschel in 1787. The next two, Umbriel and Ariel, were found in 1851 by the British astronomer William Lassell. Miranda, thought before 1986 to be the innermost moon, was discovered in 1948 by the American astronomer Gerard Peter Kuiper.
Questions 28-32
Complete the table below. Write a date for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 28-32 on your answer sheet.
Event | Date |
Example: William Herschel was born | Answer: 1738 |
Herschel began investigating astronomy | 28___ |
Discover of the planet Uranus | 29___ |
Discovery of the moons Titania and Oberon | 30___ |
The first discovery of Uranus’s rings | 31___ |
Discovery of last 10 moons of Uranus | 32___ |
Questions 33-37
Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer of the Reading Passage?
In boxes 33-37 on your answer sheet write
Yes – If the statement reflects the claims of the writer
No – If the statement contradicts the writer
Not Given – If it’s impossible to say what the writer feels about it
Example: Herschel was multitalented. Answer – Yes
33 It is improbable that there is a planet hidden behind the sun.
34 Herschel knew immediately that he had found a new planet.
35 Herschel collaborated with other astronomers of his time.
36 Herschel’s newly-discovered object was considered to be too far from the sun to be a comet.
37 Herschel’s discovery was the most important find of the last three hundred years.
Questions 38 – 41
Complete each of the following statements and write your answers in the answer sheet.
The suggested names of the new planet started with ___ 37 ___, then ___ 38 ___, before finally settling on Uranus. The first five rings around Uranus were discovered by ___ 39 ___ From 1948 until 1986, the moon ___ 40 ___ was believed to be the moon closest to the surface of Uranus.
Answer Key
Section 1
1 | C |
2 | E |
3 | D |
4 | F |
5 | B |
6 | True |
7 | Not Given |
8 | False |
9 | True |
10 | D |
11 | C |
12 | A |
Section 2
13 | E |
14 | D |
15 | A |
16 | E |
17 | A |
18 | B |
19 | False |
20 | True |
21 | False |
22 | NG |
23 | True |
24 | True |
25 | NG |
26 | NG |
27 | False |
Section 3
28 | 1772 |
29 | 1781 |
30 | 1787 |
31 | 1977 |
32 | 1986 |
33 | Yes |
34 | No |
35 | Not Given |
36 | Yes |
37 | Not Given |
38 | Georgium sidus |
39 | Herschel |
40 | James L. Elliott |
41 | Miranda |
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