Space exploration topic егэ

Exploration of outer space in the 20th century has produced discoveries and inventions that will forever change the way people live, learn and interact.

The dream of space travel is as old as history but in the 20th century the dream became reality with astonishing swiftness. As you recall, the first aeroplane flight occurred in 1903 and in 1926 the first liquid-fuelled rocket was launched that travelled 200 feet.

After World War II, the superpower opposition between the USA and the Soviet Union stimulated rocket research and development. Both nations realized that large rockets can be used to attack an enemy from thousands of miles away and that satellites put into orbit around the Earth by rockets could transmit messages.

The Soviet launch of sputnik, the first man-made object to overcome gravity, began the space age. The Soviet Union soon achieved many other firsts. In 1961, the Soviet Union put the first man, Yuri Gagarin, into space. The first long space flights, a woman in space and space walk were all Soviet achievements. The Soviet Union still retains its leadership in the peaceful application of space exploration. In its Salyut 6, it investigated such vital matters as the causes of cancer, since cells are studied in gravity-free space. The construction of metals that can resist gravity has resulted in tools of incredible hardness; improved seeds have been developed in Salyut.

In the early 1960s the United States organized the Apollo space program. This research program concentrated on landing a man on the moon. Two Americans, Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrim, walked on the lunar surface in July 1961.

Since the first moon landing, many nations have developed programs of space exploration. A network of communication satellites made world-wide television and telephone service possible. Space shuttles allowed regular trips between Earth and space. Scientific satellites were put in the Earth’s orbit. Voyages to Venus were made by the Soviet spaceships, voyages to Mars, Jupiter and Saturn — by the American spaceships.

This scientific progress has since resulted in hundreds of benefits for mankind, from the weather satellites whose information we see in our daily newspapers and on TV, to determining from outer space where fish is, where natural resources are hidden in the earth and in discovering areas which are becoming deserts.

Topical Vocabulary

Answer the questions:

1. How has the space exploration changed the life of mankind?
2. Why can you say that the dream of space travel became reality with astounding swiftness?
3. In what way has the superpower opposition stimulated the space research?
4. What «firsts» in space exploration has the Soviet Union achieved?
5. What peaceful applications of space exploration can you name?
6. What did the US Apollo space program concentrate on?
7. What benefits for mankind has space exploration brought?

Translate into English:

1. Мечта человека об исследовании космоса стала реальностью в XX веке.
2. Примерно через 20 лет после первого полета на аэроплане была запущена первая ракета на жидком топливе.
3. После второй мировой войны сверхдержавы разработали программы исследований в области запуска ракет.
4. Ракеты можно использовать в целях нападения с больших расстояний; спутники, запущенные на орбиту Земли, можно использовать для передачи сообщений.
5. Эпоха освоения космоса началась с запуска Советским Союзом искусственного спутника — первого искусственного объекта, преодолевшего земное притяжение.
6. Советский Союз первым запустил человека в космос, первым осуществил длительный космический полет и выход человека в открытый космос.
7. США в 1960-х годах разработали программу «Аполлон», главной целью которой был выход человека на поверхность Луны.
8. Советский Союз сохранял лидерство в области мирного использования результатов исследования космоса.
9. Была создана сеть спутников связи, осуществлены полеты космических кораблей на Марс, Юпитер, Сатурн, Венеру.
10. Освоение космоса принесло человечеству неисчислимые выгоды.
11. Метеорологические спутники дают возможность предсказывать погоду.
12. Из космоса можно увидеть, где находятся месторождения полезных ископаемых.
13. С помощью спутников можно проводить исследования в различных областях науки.

Спрятать пояснение

Спрятать критерии

Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 2017. Досрочная волна

The people always dreamed about space travelling and flying to different stars. In the 20th century this dream came true. The first satellite «Sputnik-1» was launched on the 4th of October 1957. It was the unmanned spacecraft. The first leaving creature entered the space on the 3th of November 1957. It was the dog Laika on board of «Sputnik-2». The turtle from Kazakhstan was carried around the Luna on the 21st of September 1968.

Люди всегда мечтали о путешествиях в космосе и полетах к различным звездам. В двадцатом столетии эта мечта сбылась. Первый спутник «Спутник-1» был запущен четвертого октября 1957 года. Это был беспилотный космический аппарат. Первое живое существо отправилось в космос третьего ноября 1957 года. Это была собака Лайка на борту «Спутника-2». Черепаха из Казахстана облетела Луну двадцать первого сентября 1968 года.

The Russian spacecraft «Vostok-1» started with Juri Gagarin on board from the cosmodrome Baikonur on the 12th of April 1961. This spaceship carried the first Russian cosmonaut around the Earth. Gagarin was the first human in the history of mankind who had a possibility to look at our planet from space and to experience the weightless environment. He stayed on the low earth orbit for 108 minutes.

Русский космический корабль «Восток-1» стартовал с Юрием Гагариным на борту двенадцатого апреля 1961 года. Этот космический корабль облетел с первым русским космонавтом вокруг Земли. Гагарин был первым человеком в истории человечества, кто получил возможность взглянуть на нашу планету из космоса и испытать на себе условия невесомости. Он оставался на околоземной орбите в течение ста восьми минут.

Than the people began to explore the outer space. Many spaceships were launched with spacemen from different countries on board. Tereshkova was the first woman launched into space. Leonov was the first cosmonaut who worked in the outer space. Titov was the youngest cosmonaut: he was 25 years old at the time of his first flight. The first docking of two Soviet spaceships happened on the 16th of January 1969. And the international docking of the Soviet spaceship «Soyuz-19» and the American spacecraft «Apollo» took place on the 17th of July 1975. Today the space exploration is often based on international peaceful cooperation.

Затем люди начали осваивать открытый космос. Много космических кораблей было запущено с космонавтами из различных стран на борту. Терешкова была первой женщиной, запущенной в космос. Леонов был первым космонавтом, который работал в открытом космосе. Титов был самым молодым космонавтом: ему было двадцать пять лет во время его первого полета. Первая стыковка двух советских космических кораблей произошла шестнадцатого января 1969 года. А международная стыковка советского космического корабля «Союз-19» и американского космического корабля «Аполлон» состоялась семнадцатого июля 1975 года. Сегодня освоение космоса зачастую базируется на мирной международной кооперации.

Теорию про эссе на ЕГЭ мы подробно излагали в других видео, а
сегодня применим все знания на практике.

Прежде всего, напомним, что Ваше эссе по английскому языку должно
осветить ВСЕ аспекты, изложенные в задании, а также должно быть написано в соответствующем
стиле (нейтральном). Оно должно логично делиться на абзацы и соответствовать
предложенному в задании плану.

Предположим на экзамене перед Вами следующая задача:

Comment on the following statement:

Some people think that we should explore
space and visit other planets. Other people say that space exploration is a
waste of time and money.

What is your opinion? Do you agree with
this statement?

Write 200-250 words.

Use the following plan:

·       
make an introduction (state
the problem)

·       
express your personal opinion
and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion

·       
express an opposing opinion
and give 1-2 reasons for this opposing opinion

·       
explain why you don’t agree
with the opposing opinion

·       
make a conclusion restating
your position

Соберите части готового эссе, согласно плану написания сочинения,
который представлен в экзаменационном задании.

1. make an introduction (state the
problem)

The question of exploring space has been
discussed from the very beginning of space exploration. Some people say that it
is our future, whereas others are quite skeptical.28

2. express your personal opinion and give
2-3 reasons for your opinion

I think that we should definitely explore
space and spend as much money as required. First of all, our planet cannot
exist forever. One day it will end and humans will have to move somewhere to
continue living. Second, underground resources are finite and they will
eventually end. It would be nice to have a possibility to import raw materials
from other planets. It is also very interesting to meet other civilizations, if
they exist. 75

3.  express an opposing opinion and give
1-2 reasons for this opposing opinion

At the same time, there are people who
think that exploring space is a big waste of time and money. Every space shot
costs us a lot of money. It is better to do something on earth that can be
useful here and now.44

4. explain why you don’t agree with the
opposing opinion

In my opinion, it is not really a good
forward-looking policy. It is better to be prepared for possible troubles that
can come faster than we think. Global Warming can submerge the entire planet or
a comet can hit the earth. I think people should be ready for any possible
danger.51

5. make a conclusion restating your
position

In conclusion, I would like to say it is
difficult to keep doing space exploration when our national economic situation
is not that good. Nevertheless, we should keep investing into space exploration
because I strongly believe that one day it will bring the desired results.
Thus, I support the idea that space exploration is worth doing. 56

Помните, что первым делом делают экзаменаторы? – Верно, считают
количество слов в выполненной работе.

Перед Вами готовое эссе на данное задание. Сосчитайте количество
слов.

Итого: 254 слова.

Требуемый объём в эссе – 200–250 слов. Допустимо отклонение от
заданного объёма на 10 %. То есть можно написать от 180 до 275 слов.

Если в выполненном задании 40 менее 180 слов, то задание проверке
не подлежит и оценивается в 0 баллов. При превышении объёма более чем на 10 %,
то есть если в задании 40 будет более 275 слов, проверке подлежит та часть
работы, которая соответствует требуемому объёму.

С объёмом все в порядке, поэтому можно проверять соответствие
написанного теме.

Абзац 1. Вступление

Помним, что там мы должны перефразировать заголовок темы и
указать на существование двух противоположных точек зрения на проблему (the most important thing VS not the most necessary thing).

Some people think that we should explore
space and visit other planets. Other people say that space exploration is a
waste of time and money.

The question of exploring space has been
discussed from the very beginning of space exploration. Some people say that it
is our future, whereas others are quite skeptical.

Либо возможен такой вариант перифраза:

Some people say that we should investigate
space and discover new types of life, whereas others say space travel is too
expensive.

Присутствует общее представление темы «издалека» указание на её
проблемность.

Издалека начинать не обязательно, можно сразу “в лоб” – Some
people believe ….. However, others state that ….. Если сумеете грамотно
перефразировать тему – никто не накажет. С другой стороны, вступление издалека
выглядит красиво. Если сможете его хорошо написать – почему бы и нет?

Попробуйте самостоятельно подобрать синонимы к словам explore space, waste of money.

Абзац 2. Собственная точка зрения и 2-3
аргумента в её поддержку.

Мнение по проблеме присутствует (первое предложение абзаца).

I think that we should definitely explore
space and spend as much money as required.

Также изложено 3 аргумента с подтверждениями с использованием
средств логической связи предложений.

First of all, our planet cannot exist forever. One day it will end and humans
will have to move somewhere to continue living. Second, underground
resources are finite and they will eventually end. It would be nice to have a
possibility to import raw materials from other planets. It is also very
interesting to meet other civilizations, if they exist.

Какие еще средства логической связи предложений вы можете назвать?

Третий абзац с противоположной точкой зрения.

At the same time, there are people who
think that exploring space is a big waste of time and money.

Далее в этом же абзаце следует 1 аргумент (вообще может быть 2),
подтверждающий противоположное мнение.

Every space shot costs us a lot of money.
It is better to do something on earth that can be useful here and now.

Абзац 4. Ваши контраргументы

В этом абзаце Вы должны объяснить, почему Вы не согласны с
противоположным мнением в третьем абзаце.

In my opinion, it is not really a good
forward-looking policy. It is better to be prepared for possible troubles that
can come faster than we think. Global Warming can submerge the entire planet or
a comet can hit the earth. I think people should be ready for any possible
danger.

Помните, если Вы дали два аргумента в предыдущем абзаце, то и
опровергнуть нужно обязательно оба. (В нашем
случае был только 1 аргумент.)

5. Заключение с подтверждением
авторской позиции.

В заключении надо суммировать всё, о чем говорилось в эссе и
выразить свою точку зрения. Помните – никакой новой информации!

In conclusion, I would like to say it is
difficult to keep doing space exploration when our national economic situation
is not that good.

Далее даём читающему понять, что существует две точки зрения на данную проблему, Nevertheless,
we should keep investing into space exploration because I strongly believe that
one day it will bring the desired results.

и несмотря на противоположную точку зрения, мы всё-таки
придерживаемся своей.

Thus, I support the idea that space exploration
is worth doing.

Итого, подобное эссе имеет все шансы на получение 14 баллов,
согласно критериям оценки.

Перед тем, как переписывать эссе на чистовик проверьте ошибки в
сочинении. Найдите 10 ошибок в представленном сочинении.

1. Неверное согласование глагола have c подлежащим в 3-ем лице.

2. as much money as … т. к. money – неисч. сущ. в ед числе.

3. cannot всегда пишется слитно.

4. to have a possibility – пропущен артикль

5. It is – использование сокращений является нарушением нейтрального
стиля.

6. Подмена союза that вопросительным местоимением what, что является
распространённой ошибкой.

7. Неверное согласование глагола cost c подлежащим в Present Simple.

8. to think – думать, thing – вещь.

9. Орфографическая ошибка в слове possible

10. Неверное использование слова: economical – экономичный, economic – экономический.

Выберите одну из следующих тем и попробуйте написать своё
сочинение, согласно плану.

·                  
Space exploration was the
greatest achievement of the 20th century

·                  
Would you ever travel to space
as a tourist?

·                  
Space exploration is very
important for the future of our planet.

·                  
People spend too much money on
space exploration.

·                  
Space travelling should be
available for everyone in the future.

Space exploration is one of the most important and relevant topics for many years. Humanity always looks at the stars hoping to find the answers to different existential questions. They are on the minds of millions of people. Therefore, it’s not a surprise that students frequently receive assignments about this important theme.

Commonly, students are assigned an argumentative essay devoted to space exploration because it helps to provide their viewpoint backed up with strong arguments. It’s sometimes difficult to write an argumentative essay about space exploration. That’s why SmartWritingService professional essay writing service offers a sample devoted to this important topic. This is a highly reputed essay writing service, which hires only certified and experienced academic writers. Therefore, you may fully trust the quality of the sample provided below.

Why Space Exploration Is Important for People

“Since ancient times, humanity has been frequently looking at the stars to find answers to many important questions. Who we are? Are we alone in this universe? What is the sense of our life? These are only a few out of multiple “eternal” questions we all want to answer. Therefore, it’s necessary to understand the importance of space exploration for humanity.

Many people say that space exploration is a pure waste of money and time. Indeed, the governments of many countries spend billions of dollars to explore space. The hopes of being the lords of the universe seem to fade. We still cannot colonize Mars, don’t know whether we’re not alone in the universe and so on. Nevertheless, such high expectations really demand huge patience and a lot of time. In the meanwhile, we already have multiple conditions to enjoy. I believe that space exploration is one of the most important spheres in our life.

Firstly, space exploration secures the creation of new technology and research. Sometimes, we don’t even understand that different digital devices we use for improved precision and efficiency are the products of space exploration projects. I can bet, you aren’t aware of some inventions that originated from those projects. Check the following list:

• Calculators;
• Cell phones;
• Digital wristwatches;
• GPS finders;
• Infrared cameras;
• Laser surgery;
• Satellite TV, etc.

As you can see, these inventions are utterly important for most people. We use them almost every day because they ensure our convenience, efficiency, productivity, and even fun. For example, laser surgery saves humans’ lives. Cell phones help us to get in touch with other people at great distances. Satellite television helps to find entertainment, as well as learn about the latest news and enrich our knowledge about our life. GPS technology helps to predict weather and global catastrophes. All these and many other opportunities would have been impossible without the inventions offered by different space research programs.

Secondly, space exploration is utterly important for the safety of our planet. What does it mean? Remember about comets and asteroids. Thanks to special technological inventions, such as satellites, scientists can predict when some of the space bodies impact our planet. Consequently, we can undertake the necessary measures to prevent catastrophes and save thousands and millions of human lives.

Thirdly, the colonization of space is still the reality. Many scientists are convinced that the colonization of Mars is only a matter of time. In some 50 years or faster, we’ll expand our kind on other planets. This is very important for Earth because overpopulation will finally lead us to extinction. We ought to try harder to make it to other worlds.

Fourthly, space mining could potentially save our planet. We steadily exhaust our natural resources and it leads us to global catastrophes. One of the objectives of space exploration is to enable the mining of resources in space. Accordingly, this will help to solve the problem of the lack of resources on Earth.

Finally, people are explorers by nature. We have millions of questions about what life means and whether there is somebody else in the cold eternal space. Perhaps one day we’ll manage to find the right answers. Space exploration programs have all the chances to provide us with this opportunity. One day it’ll be possible to safely travel to different galaxies.

Space exploration is utterly important for humanity. The space industry has already discovered and invented a lot of helpful gadgets to make our life easier and safer. I’m convinced that colonization of the universe, rapid development and answering eternal questions about our existence are not dreams. In the future, we’ll become the lords of the universe and will achieve amazing results.”

This essay serves as a sample. It’s copyrighted by EssayLib and so, it cannot be used by students as their own projects. Its main purpose is to help students with similar assignments on space exploration and similar complex topics. Use this sample to generate some relevant concepts for your future academic projects.

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11:53 Earth problems / Space exploration. Сочинение C2 (английский язык) в формате ЕГЭ-2014

It is said that many countries spend lots of money on space exploration. Some people think that it is a right way; others believe that there is a better way to use the money.           In my opinion, it is very important to discover space. To begin with, space exploration helps us to prevent cosmic catastrophes, like asteroid falling. Modern scientific and technical equipment can detect and destroy asteroids before they reach the Earth and make any harm.           Secondly, there is an electricity problem on our planet. We have to discover new and new sources of electricity. It is a nice idea, to my mind, to try to find them in space.           On the other hand, there are those who think that the money which is spent on space exploration should be used to solve some Global problems. They believe that it is more important to settle such problems as malnutrition, the overflow of population and environment pollution instead of discovering space.           I disagree with them. I think that these problems should be solved separately from space exploration, because they are very different but so significant.           In conclusion I am strongly convinced that people should continue space exploration, because it is very important for our future.

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