Текст online learning егэ ответы - Помощь в подготовке к экзаменам и поступлению

I graduated with academic honours without ever meeting my professors, embarking on an all-nighter with classmates and, technically, never having gone to a class at all. I was an online-only student, and as online degree programmes grow in popularity, my past three years of study were a crash-course in the unique challenges of learning online, as well as a glimpse into what the future of higher education might look like.

My school day looked very different than most: rather than loading up my backpack and heading to class, I would wake up, eat breakfast while doing my first round of schoolwork for the day, and spend a few hours finishing assignments. Then, I’d head off to work, maybe tucking in a study session during lunch before wrapping up homework or preparing for exams in the evening. Saturday and Sunday became two of my busiest school days and I became an expert at working everywhere from my desk to the car.

Some of my most vivid undergraduate memories were of completing a term paper on the floor backstage at the ballet performance I was managing, and stumbling home after a full day of work to begin school that evening. Just like traditional universities, I had papers, exams, and grades – only, there were no office hours and no such thing as sick days.

Enrolment in online learning programmes has grown over the past few years, with more than a quarter of students enrolled in at least one online course. But too many misconceptions still persist around the experience of being an online-only student – for example, that an online degree doesn’t carry the same level of prestige as a traditional one. By contrast, online learning enabled me to hone skills such as self-motivation and time management that ultimately made me a better student, and later, a more prepared young adult.

Studying for an MA in a new and unusual subject
Five benefits of a part-time postgraduate degree
A day in the life of a university student in the UK
Going to university at the age of 37

Autumn Steed, a professional dancer who just began an online degree programme in kinesiology at California Baptist University, agrees that there are differences between traditional university time management, and the commitment required to study online: “you attend an in-person class for a select period of time in which you are entirely focused on that subject,” she says. “In an online programme, you must be able to self-motivate and manage multiple courses in the limited time that you are able to provide for yourself.”

Oliver Till, who is studying for a BA in business and environment at The Open University, observes that “it is very easy, when studying at home, for little things to chip away at the time you have set aside.” He points out the necessity of “making sure those closest to you understand the commitment and choice you have made”.

With no set class hours, an online student defines their own schedule, a significant reason why so many working students are drawn to online degree programmes. Steed believes that this actually helps her education. “For someone who enjoys working at their own pace, independent higher education seems like the ideal fit. Although online study may eliminate the social aspect of in-person education, it can counter that loss through the ability to increase personal productivity,” she says.

Line Dalile, who completed her degree in visual culture online at Curtin University, noted that “the biggest challenge has to be connecting with fellow classmates. While discussion forums encourage participation and allow for feedback or exchange of ideas, they lack the ‘real-time’ aspect. Online study offers the student a considerable amount of freedom, which sometimes blurs the boundaries between school and life,” she explained.

Laura Ross, who took a sports law class online at Asbury University while studying for her accounting degree echoed the sentiment. “The biggest difference I noticed was the lack of interaction,” she says. “I felt like the learning was very much on my own.”

That is the simultaneous blessing and curse of the online experience. Learning on my own enabled me to craft an education that was unique to me. Given that about 70 per cent of students work while attending school and that students in the US and UK want more flexibility than ever from their education, gone are the days of a “typical” university experience.

In terms of academic tradition, it is important to point out that distance learning is hardly new, although developments in technology are recent. The concept of higher learning through “correspondence courses” is more than 170 years old, and with the addition of modern technology and desire for increased flexibility, is an inarguable part of the future of universities.

We have a world and economy that is adaptive and flexible. The rise of online learning points to a future of higher education that is equally accessible and innovative. In fact, 90 per cent of academic leaders believe that the majority of all university students will be taking at least one online course in the next five years.

I may not have spent afternoons sprawled out on the campus quad, but my online experience added more things to my education than it subtracted. As the world changes rapidly and the workforce evolves with it, options like online learning create opportunity for students to take charge of what their learning and life will look like. What more can we ask from education, really?

Read more: Five tips to make the most of your university experience

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Задачи для практики

Задача 1

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Запишите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в поле ответа.

There’s one letter in the alphabet that almost no one can write. It’s a letter everyone can read, but a new study finds A _________________. The lowercase letter “g” has two forms: the “opentail” one most people use, and the “looptail” form commonly seen in print and online in fonts such as Times New Roman.

Researchers from Johns Hopkins University found that B __________________ , most people can’t write it or even correctly identify when it’s on its own.

“We think that if we look at something enough, especially C __________________ as we do during reading, then we would know what it looks like,” Michael McCloskey, the study’s senior author, said in a news release. “But our results suggest that’s not always the case.” When presented with four versions of it ― three of them incorrect ― 7 out of 25 people were able to pick the right “g.”

“We would say: ‘There’re two forms of g. Can you write them?’ And people would look at us and just stare for a moment because they had no idea,” Kimberly Wong, a junior undergraduate at Johns Hopkins, said in a news release. “Once you really nudged them on, D __________________ , some would still insist there is no second g.”

In yet another experiment, 16 people were given a paragraph that showed the looptail g 14 times. Respondents were asked to speak each word aloud, then researchers requested E __________________.

Half wrote the opentail form anyway, and while the rest attempted the looptail g, only one wrote it correctly. “Our findings give us an intriguing way of looking at questions about F __________________ ,” McCloskey said.

while everyone can read the looptail g just fine
insisting there are two types of g
children have some reading disadvantage
that almost no one can write it
the importance of writing for reading
that they write the letter
if we have to pay attention to its shape

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Задача 2

There’s a new kind of teacher in class. And it isn’t a human. It’s a humanoid robot. In a prep class at Glendal Primary in Glen Waverley, Victoria, the robot on the teaching staff is 30cm tall and helps improve the preps’ speaking and listening skills. The robot can also dance to the Village People’s song.

Now grade 5 students at Glendal are working on programming the robot A __________________. Students must introduce themselves, wait until the robot’s eyes turn blue and be patient while it speaks before answering in a loud and clear voice, B________________. Jessie, 10, has been programming the robot to teach the preps how to better communicate, C__________________.

In fact, robots are already teaching in a few classrooms around the world. In a primary school in Tampere, Finland, the new language teacher, Elias, is a robot. Elias, like the Glendal robot, can dance. Its specialty is Gangnam Style.

The 30cm-high robot is able to understand and speak 23 languages and uses software D ___________________________. In Elias’ trial in its current school, however, it communicates in English, Finnish and German only. The robot recognises the pupil’s skill levels to ask harder or easier questions. It also gives feedback to teachers.

Some of the human teachers who have worked with the robots see it E ___________________.

Elias is one of four robots being tested in classrooms in this part of Finland. There’s a maths robot, used in three schools, called OVObot. They are all blue, about 25cm high and look like owls.

The aim of the trial is to see F _____________________.

So, far the feedback from students in Elias the language robot’s class in Finland has been positive.

otherwise they get no reply
as a new way to get children interested in learning
if the robots can improve the quality of teaching
but she believes it’s only the beginning
to have conversations with the school’s youngest pupils
the robot would improve students’ technology skills
that allows it to understand students’ needs and encourages learning

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Задача 3

Shakespeare’s plays display countless themes, some of which develop through the body of plays as a whole. The idea, though, that people, events and things in our world are often not what they seem, A __________________ . Indeed, some of the plays, for example ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream‘ and ‘The Tempest’, are largely about the confusion between what is real and what is not. This theme of appearance and reality is one B __________________.

What is appearance and reality? Well, as Shakespeare himself put it: ‘All that glisters is not gold.’ At its most simple level, the way some characters appear to the other characters on the one hand and the way C __________________ on the other is often different. Iago in ‘Othello’ conceals his real nature behind a facade of honesty and is trusted by all, whereas, in his dealings with everyone D __________________.

The characters in Shakespeare’s plays often wear masks. The stage convention was that E __________________ no-one would recognise him or her, so characters could appear to a friend as a stranger, or as anonymous, or hide his or her identity for any other purpose.

Several characters conceal their true identity behind disguises. The Duke of Kent, for example, banished by King Lear, determines to stay with him and look after him: he disguises himself as a servant. The device of disguise is highly dramatic and Shakespeare exploited it to the full.

One of Shakespeare’s favourite tricks was to disguise a girl as a boy. Probably the two most famous are Viola in ‘Twelfth Night’ and Rosalind in ‘As You Like It’. In those cases everyone is deceived, F _______________.

they appear to the audience
if a character was wearing a mask
he is manipulative and remorseless
is at the heart of all the plays
as the action developed
that runs through many of Shakespeare’s plays
regarding appearance as the reality

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Задача 4

The last time I hosted a workshop, the session was recorded so that attendees could access the material later. A __________________, I was shocked at how many instances I had uttered «um». I couldn’t consciously remember using this filler word, but I knew that to become a more effective presenter, I had to eliminate it from my public speaking.

And I’m not alone. Nearly everyone at some point has used fillers when speaking; it’s a reality B __________________. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, fillers have been part of mankind’s fabric for centuries. ‘Hum’ dates back to 1469, with ‘hem’, ‘haw’ and ‘er’ C __________________. All may have been used well before there were written transcripts. Every language has its own version of ‘um’, too. For example, in Russian, people use ‘eh’ and in French, ‘euh’.

But what causes us to use these fillers? Do they serve an important language function? Or do anxiety and nervousness play a vital role? According to experts, it’s a little of both.

General anxiety makes us extremely uncomfortable with silence D __________________. In this case, the fillers are our futile attempt to keep everyone’s attention. We are thinking as we speak and, therefore, need to buy time to find the right words.

Many professional speaking coaches suggest silence is more powerful. Silence can also be a great service to your listeners because E ________________. We need pauses in order F ________________ . So, the big question is this: Can we stop ourselves from using fillers? If so, how?

The simplest technique is envisioning punctuation as we talk. Imagine putting an invisible period on the end of your sentences while you speak. Imagine that you can see periods or commas in your speech as you’re speaking.

that’s been prevalent throughout history
to digest and process the information
our brains are always a few beats behind during a speech
when we are speaking in front of people
to be an instant cure for some people.
when I played the recording for myself
first appearing in print in 1526, 1679 and 1862

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Задача 5

Green tea has been used as a health-promoting drink by various cultures around the world for thousands of years. It’s high antioxidant and nutrient levels make it beneficial to the body in many ways and research is now showing A __________________. In laboratories around the globe, green tea is sparking tremendous excitement B __________________.

Green tea is consumed routinely in Asian populations, C __________________ that are prevalent in Western society. Given the huge scientific literature supporting the positive role of green tea in preventing diseases, not to mention its benefits in helping to prevent cancer and other diseases, as well as its lack of toxicity, there is ample reason D __________________ .

Unlike coffee, tea does not seem E __________________ . I know many more people who think that tea is beneficial, much more so than coffee. As with coffee, a fairly large number of studies have looked at associations between tea and health.

Tea has been associated with a lower risk of depression. An analysis of 11 studies with almost 23,000 participants found that for every three cups of tea consumed per day, F __________________.

I wouldn’t strongly recommend that anyone take up tea based on these findings. But there seem to be some potential benefits, and there don’t seem to be harms. Drink it if you like it. It, too, seems to be a completely reasonable addition to a healthful diet.

for consuming green tea on a regular basis
the relative risk of depression decreased 37 percent
that it can promote a healthy weight and support the brain
as new health applications keep being discovered
than three cups of tea a day
who have greater longevity and lower mortality rates for diseases
to generate negative perceptions

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Задача 6

Few would doubt that dogs can feel basic emotions like happiness and fear. Then there are more complex emotions, like shame and guilt, A __________________. Dog owners often claim to know when their pets have committed an offense just by looking at them. But by setting up an experiment in which owners were misinformed about whether their dogs had eaten a forbidden treat, the scientists discovered B __________________. Even dogs that had obeyed a command displayed the guilty look C __________________. It doesn’t mean dogs are incapable of guilt, but the research showed that what people interpret D __________________.

Empathy is another complex emotion, and there is some evidence E __________________. Psychologists have claimed that contagious yawning is linked to empathy in humans—those who yawn back are thought to be empathizing with the initial yawner’s feelings of boredom, fatigue or stress. Humans, chimpanzees and baboons all pass yawns to members of their own species, and according to one study, dogs can catch yawns from humans—but not all humans. The tested dogs tended to yawn after their owners did, but were immune to the yawns of strangers, F __________________ to the people they cared about most.

Other research has hinted that dogs can read human emotions. A recent study suggests they are also skilled at discerning the emotions of other dogs. They can match playful-sounding barks to photos of play faces, and aggressive barks to scowling faces, with great accuracy.

as a guilty dog face is actually fear of scolding
when dogs looked at photos
which are harder to pin down in animals
that dogs can feel it
that those so-called guilty looks might mean something else
suggesting they had stronger emotional connections
if they were reprimanded by their owners

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Задача 7

Explorers and travelers throughout history have had to develop methods for preserving food and A __________________. This problem was especially difficult during the time B __________________. Great explorers like Columbus, Magellan and Cook carried dried foods and foods preserved in salt and brine.

More recently, refrigeration and canning have provided solutions to the problem of food preservation. However, space travel required that new methods be devised for C __________________. Foods taken into space must be light-weight, compact, tasty and nutritious. They must also keep products D __________________. A variety of menus consisting of foods similar to those displayed here provided each astronaut with 2500 or more calories per day.

John Glenn was the first American to eat in space aboard Friendship 7 in 1962. At that time it was not known if ingestion and absorption of nutrients were possible in a state of zero gravity. Glenn’s consumption of apple sauce, packed in a tube, and xylose sugar tablets with water, demonstrated E __________________ in a weightless environment.

In the weightless environment of space, astronauts exerted less energy in conducting their work than F __________________. Gemini astronauts were allotted 2500 calories a day during space missions, less than their normal intake of 3000 calories. The food, which had 99 percent of the moisture removed to reduce weight, had an average content of 17 percent protein, 32 percent fat, and 51 percent carbohydrates.

keeping foods edible
if they were on Earth
for long periods without refrigeration
carrying enough food for their journeys
when he presented him with a beef sandwich
that people could eat, swallow, and digest food
when people made long sea voyages on sailing ships

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Задача 8

Your days of playing games and streaming content when you should be working in class could be numbered A __________________ . The software is designed to watch over what’s showing on kids’ laptop screens B __________________ .

Some Australian schools are now testing the world-first program, which uses elaborate colour-coding to throw up a “red flag” on the teacher’s laptop C __________________.

It displays a graphic on the teacher’s laptop in real time showing where students are spending their time online. A red bar means a student is not working on the lesson, green shows they are on-task, blue shows they “likely to be on task” and conducting research, and orange means D __________________ .

Researchers have found that when students’ attention strays from lessons, boys spend 55 per cent of their time during lessons on gaming, 25 per cent streaming videos, 15 per cent on sports sites and 5 per cent streaming music in class. Girls are distracted 59 per cent of their time by streaming videos, 19 per cent on gaming, 7 per cent with celebrity news, another 7 per cent on social media and 8 per cent music streaming.

“We use computers every day and it is easy to become distracted — it’s a growing issue with kids getting off-task (in class),” a year 12 student, E __________________, said. Randwick’s Emanuel School has tested the program. Head of teaching and learning, Bianca Hewes, said it allowed her to see F __________________ .

so teachers can monitor activity
they could be sending an email or conducting a Google search
who did not wish to be named
with the introduction of a special software program into schools
how much time students spent on specific tasks
to improve academic results
when a student goes off-task on their classroom computer

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Задача 9

St Anne’s Academy is a little old-fashioned. The teachers are nuns in habits who write on blackboards with chalk. The Mass is all in Latin. And the writing is in cursive. At St Anne’s, cursive instruction starts in second grade A __________. Homework has to be done in cursive, and neatness counts. That’s probably why the little elementary and high school, with a total of 48 students, produces cursive champions such as Jack Lieberherr. Jack, a 15-year-old from North St Paul, was recently named the 2017 grand national champion for eighth-graders in the National Handwriting Contest. Writing, it seems, runs in Jack’s family. Jack also won the national championship as a sixth-grader and has several state handwriting titles as well. He has a brother and two sisters B_________________.

Careful cursive is quickly disappearing in an age C_______________________. Nowadays handwritten letters are a rarity and communication is dominated by keyboards, texting and touch screens. But the teachers at St Anne’s are old-school D _________________. And for good reasons, they say that it shows education. Cursive advocates worry that we’re raising a generation of young adults who won’t know how to sign their own names E _________________________. Four years ago, the Campaign for Cursive, a committee of the American Handwriting Analysis Foundation, started a ‘Cursive Is Cool’ contest. The contest requires the students to write “The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog” (which contains all the letters in the alphabet). Students then add a few sentences in their own words about F __________. The national winners are selected based on things such as size, shape, spacing and slant of the letters.

where signatures are conveyed digitally
when it comes to writing
about a dozen more are debating the issue
how handwriting makes them a better reader and writer
who also have won state titles in the contest
or won’t be able to read original documents written in cursive
and continues through eighth grade

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Задача 10

The Origin of the Winter Olympics

The first organized international competition involving winter sports was introduced just five years after the birth of the modern Olympics in 1896. A __________________ this competition included athletes predominantly from Nordic countries. It was held eight times between 1901 and 1926, with the Swedish capital of Stockholm hosting all but one time. B __________________ for the first time in the 1908 Summer Games in London, although the skating competition was not actually held until October, some three months after the other events were over.

In 1911 a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) suggested that Sweden C __________________ in Stockholm or stage a separate Winter Olympics in the same year. Concerned that such a move would jeopardize the Nordic Games, Sweden refused. Germany supported plans to stage a competition of winter events in early 1916 as part of the Olympic Games scheduled for Berlin later that year. However, the outbreak of World War I in 1914 caused the cancellation of the Berlin Olympics. Despite D __________________, winter sports returned to the Olympics for the 1920 Games in Antwerp, Belgium, where medals were awarded in figure skating and ice hockey.

Two years later an agreement was reached to celebrate an IOCsanctioned International Winter Sports Week. Held in Chamonix, France, in 1924, the event was a huge success. Norway topped the medals table with a total of 17, and the Nordic countries, which E __________________, dropped their previous objections. The Games staged in St. Moritz, Switzerland, in 1928 were formally designated the second Winter Olympics.

From 1928 the Winter Games were held every four years F __________________the Summer Games. Eventually, however, the increasing cost and logistic complications of the Olympics prompted IOC officials to alter the schedule. Only two years separated the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France, and the 1994 Games in Lillehammer, Norway.

were each held at four-year intervals
should either include winter sports in the 1912 Olympics
known as the Nordic Games
in the same calendar year as
continuing protests from the Nordic countries
altogether captured 30 of the 49 medals awarded
figure skating was included in the Olympics

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Задача 11

What do you think, Daddy? The English instructor said A___________. She did, truly. Those were her words. It doesn’t seem possible, does it, considering the eighteen years of training that I’ve had? The aim of the John Grier Home (as you doubtless know and heartily approve of) is B_____________. The unusual artistic ability which I exhibit was developed at an early age C _____________ on the woodshed door.

I hope I don’t hurt your feelings that when I criticize the home of my youth? But you have the upper hand, you know, for if I become too impertinent, you can always stop payment of your cheques. That isn’t a very polite thing to say—but you can’t expect me to have any manners; a foundling asylum isn’t a young ladies’ finishing school.

You know, Daddy, it isn’t the work D _________________ . It’s the play. Half the time I don’t know what the girls are talking about; their jokes seem to relate to a past E _______________. I’m a foreigner in the world and I don’t understand the language. It’s a miserable feeling. I’ve had it all my life. At the high school the girls would stand in groups and just look at me. I was queer and diff erent and everybody knew it. I could FEEL ‘John Grier Home’ written on my face. And then a few charitable ones would make a point of coming up and saying something polite. I hated every one of them — the charitable ones most of all. Nobody here knows that I was brought up in an asylum. I told Sallie McBride that my mother and father were dead, and F _________________ which is entirely true so far as it goes.

that my last paper shows an unusual amount of originality
to turn the ninety-seven orphans into ninety-seven twins
that a kind old gentleman was sending me to college
that he tried to correct all my mistakes
that is going to be hard in college
through drawing chalk pictures of Mrs. Lippett
that everyone but me has shared

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Задача 12

Dear Kind-Trustee-Who-Sends-Orphans-to-College,

Here I am! I travelled yesterday for four hours in a train. It’s a funny sensation, isn’t it? I never rode in one before.

College is the biggest, most bewildering place—I get lost A_________________________. I will write you a description later B__________________; also I will tell you about my lessons. Classes don’t begin until Monday morning, and this is Saturday night. But I wanted to write a letter first just to get acquainted.

It seems queer C_________________ you don’t know. It seems queer for me to be writing letters at all—I’ve never written more than three or four in my life, so please overlook it D____________________.

Before leaving yesterday morning, Mrs. Lippett and I had a very serious talk. She told me how to behave all the rest of my life and especially E_______________ who is doing so much for me. I must take care to be Very Respectful.

But how can one be very respectful to a person who wishes to be called John Smith? Why couldn’t you have picked out a name with a little personality? I might as well write letters to Dear Hitching-Post or Dear Clothes-Prop.

I have been thinking about you a great deal this summer; having somebody take an interest in me after all these years makes me feel as F__________________. It seems as though I belonged to somebody now, and it’s a very comfortable sensation. I must say, however, that when I think about you, my imagination has very little to work upon. There are just three things that I know:
I. You are tall.
II. You are rich.
III. You hate girls.

to be writing letters to somebody
how to behave towards the kind gentleman
I have found a sort of family
whenever I leave my room
when I come to college
if these are not a model kind
when I’m feeling less muddled

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Задача 13

In July 1450, a mysterious man known as Jack Cade led a huge force of common men from Kent into London A ______________ . This episode is generally regarded as being outside the bounds of the Wars of the Roses, but those edges are blurred and elastic.

When Jack Cade entered the capital, he struck the London Stone, B______________, and, according to Shakespeare, proclaimed: “Now is Mortimer lord of this city!” After this, Cade openly adopted the provocative name John Mortimer. The Mortimer line was considered by many C_______________, since the Mortimers were heirs apparent to Richard II – so adding weight to the later Yorkist claim to the throne. In 1460 Richard, Duke of York would trace his lineage from Edward III’s second surviving son, Lionel, Duke of Clarence, whose only daughter had married Edmund Mortimer. The House of Lancaster was descended from John of Gaunt, Edward III’s third son. The Mortimer Earls of March had been considered the lawful heirs of the childless Richard II before he was deposed, D_______________. Was Jack Cade a son of this deposed line seeking restitution?

Many would later claim E________________ to use the name ‘Mortimer’ to measure the response to it. Historians claimed that the object of the uprising was to place York upon the throne. Cade was called “an instrument of the Duke of York”.

Cade — who was captured F_____________ — is a fascinating, elusive figure. Was he a genuine claimant to the throne, a social campaigner, or a puppet?

to be senior to the Lancastrian line
that Richard, Duke of York had arranged for Cade
and fatally wounded following the failure of his rebellion
to protest against the ailing government of the Lancastrian king Henry VI
that he could create such an imaginary world
and the Lancastrian kings eyed them with suspicion
which can still be seen on Cannon Street

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Задача 14

When a damaged bow forced Steven Callahan out of a sailing race in 1982, his problems were just beginning. He docked for repairs, A____________ , and hours later his boat was smashed by a surfacing whale. He abandoned the sinking ship for a raft about 450 miles west of the Canary Islands. Callahan survived a staggering two-and-a-half months at sea, lost, but not completely so. In the 77 days B_________________ , he tracked his movements and positions using the sky. Using three pencils tied together, he tracked his course over 2,897 kilometers and was only off by one degree.

It’s what sailors have been doing forever. Navigation requires landmarks, and in the open sea, the landmarks are celestial – sun, moon, planets, and stars. Before GPS, C___________________ , those who ventured across oceans found their way by looking up.

At night, they used mostly stars – individual stars and larger constellations with known positions in the sky and in relation to one another. Sailors and other navigators tracked them out of necessity. The ancient astronomers D___________________ did it out of love.

Star navigation is actually pretty straightforward, on a clear night, E___________________. Stars are navigational landmarks because they’re constants. Sure, they appear to move as the Earth rotates, but their actual positions and their orientations with regard to other stars never changes. So if you can see them, they can point the way. All you need is your eyes, your brain and your body F______________ where you are and where you’re headed. Tools like compasses, sextants and maps make it easier and more accurate; GPS receivers make it mindless. Why bother, then, learning the natural approach? Because compasses break. Maps get lost. GPS receivers malfunction — or just get it wrong.

before a fishing boat spotted him near the Caribbean Islands
to get a pretty accurate reading on
if you know what to look for
because the universe is a great
who started mapping them at least 5,000 years ago
headed back into the Atlantic alone
before even the compass

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Задача 15

The survey, released Thursday, polled 66,040 people from 68 countries across the, and asked respondents: “In general, do you personally feel very happy, happy, neither happy nor unhappy, unhappy, or very unhappy about your life?” According to the survey, 87 percent of Colombians polled said they were happy, and only 2 percent said they were unhappy, A __________________. So what’s Colombia’s secret to happiness?

After all, this isn’t the first time B __________________. While the survey didn’t go into the particulars of what made some countries happier than others, there are some ideas of C __________________.

At the tip of the South American continent, Colombia’s location gives its inhabitants and tourists unique access to both the Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean. Apart from its renowned tropical beaches and tropical grasslands, the country can offer visitors a chance D __________________.

While many know the country as a tropical paradise due to its location near the Equator, its rich ecosystems are possibly due to its varied climate zones. There are no striking seasonal changes throughout the year E __________________. Best of all, about 86 percent of the country has the tropical climate known and loved by those wishing to visit a sunny paradise.

Since 1974, on Sundays and national holidays the country’s capital closes it’s usually congested main roads F __________________. The capital city, Bogotá, has the most extensive network of cycle routes in Latin America and is a competitive force for the top spot in the world.

to give Bogotá’s residents a chance to walk, run, bike, etc.
and Colombia’s temperature varies based on elevations and rainfall
that they organize all of them and participate in each one
why Colombia reigns supreme in the happiness department
to explore the Amazon rainforest, climb the Andes or Sierra Nevada mountains
Colombia has topped the list
giving them a “net happiness score” of 85 percent

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Задача 16

Perfectionism, after all, is an ultimately self-defeating way to move through the world. It is built on an excruciating irony: A ________________. It also makes you better at your career and relationships and life in general. By avoiding mistakes at any cost, a perfectionist can make it B _______________.

But the drawback of perfectionism isn’t just that it holds you back from being your most successful, productive self. Perfectionistic tendencies have been linked to a laundry list of clinical issues: depression and anxiety, self-harm, social anxiety disorder and agoraphobia, obsessivecompulsive disorder, eating disorders, insomnia, hoarding, dyspepsia, chronic headaches, and, most damning of all, even early mortality and suicide. There are studies that suggest that the higher the perfectionism is, C __________________.

Though, culturally, we often see perfectionism as a positive trait. This is where perfectionism gets complicated — and controversial. Some researchers say there is adaptive, or ‘healthy’ perfectionism D __________________ versus a maladaptive, or ‘unhealthy’ version (when your best never seems good enough and not meeting goals frustrates you).

Perfectionists can make smooth sailing into a storm, a brief ill wind into a category-five hurricane. At the very least, they perceive it that way. And, because the ironies never end, the behaviours perfectionists adapt ultimately, actually, do make them more likely to fail.

Mental health problems aren’t just caused by perfectionism; E __________________ , too. One recent study, for example, found that over a one-year period, college students who had social anxiety were more likely to become perfectionists — but not vice versa.

It’s also been shown that one of the most robust protections against anxiety and depression is self-compassion — F __________________. And self-criticism, which perfectionists are so good at, predicts depression.

characterised by having high standards, motivation and discipline
the more psychological disorders a person is going to suffer
the very thing that perfectionists lack
making, and admitting, mistakes is a necessary part of growing and learning and being human
as with all personality traits, there are different degrees of perfectionism
harder to reach their own lofty goals
some of these problems can lead to perfectionism

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Полный курс

Задача 17

Mongolia is the country of Genghis Khan, the warrior who conquered the world on horseback. His story is full of wars, kidnappings, love and revenge. That’s just history. The legend begins with his death. Genghis Khan once ruled everything between the Pacific Ocean and the Caspian Sea. Upon his death he asked to be buried in secret. A grieving army carried his body home. When the emperor was finally laid to rest, his soldiers rode 1,000 horses over his grave A __________________.

In the 800 years since Genghis Khan’s death, no-one has found his tomb. But most interest in locating the tomb is international; Mongolians don’t want it found. The reluctance is often romanticised by foreign media as a curse, B __________________.

Beyond cultural pressures to honour Genghis Khan’s dying wish for secrecy, a host of technical problems hinder the search for his tomb. Mongolia is huge and underdeveloped — its landscape holds on to its secrets.

Folklore holds that Genghis Khan was buried on a peak in the Khentii Mountains called Burkhan Khaldun, C __________________. He had hidden from enemies on that mountain as a young man and pledged to return there in death.

With the tomb seemingly out of reach, why does it remain such a controversial issue in Mongolia? Genghis Khan is simply Mongolia’s greatest hero. The West recalls only what he conquered, D __________________. His empire connected East and West, allowing the Silk Road to flourish. His rule enshrined the concepts of diplomatic immunity and religious freedom. He established a reliable postal service and the use of paper money. Genghis Khan didn’t just conquer the world, E __________________.

In Mongolia he remains to this day a figure of enormous respect ‒ which is why Mongolians want his tomb to remain undisturbed: “If they’d wanted us to find it, F __________________.”

he civilized it
royal imagery also used by Genghis Khan and his descendants
roughly 160 km north-east of Ulaanbaatar
to destroy any remaining trace
a belief that the world will end if Genghis Khan’s tomb is discovered
they would have left some sign
but Mongolians remember what he created

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Полный курс

Задача 18

The name ‘Finland’ was not Finnish-born. In fact, the original Finnish alphabet didn’t even contain the letter ‘f’, A __________________. One theory is that the name ‘Finland’ comes from the Old English word ‘finna’, a general term once used to describe people from Scandinavia. However, some historians believe its origins are actually Swedish, where the words ‘finlonti’ and ‘finlandi’ are believed to have been used as early as the 12th century to describe the land that is now the south-western part of modern Finland.

Despite having being referred to by some variation of ‘Finland’ since medieval times, the Finns continue as they have for centuries, referring to their country, and themselves, as ‘Suomi’. It made me wonder: where did the name ‘Suomi’ come from, and B __________________?

There is no certain knowledge about the real origin of the name ‘Suomi’. One theory is that Suomi comes from word ‘suomaa’ which means ‘swampland’ in Finnish. The south-western part of the country is home to numerous lakes, C __________________. Another theory is that the word comes from ‘suomu’, which means ‘scale of a fish’, D __________________.

A third theory leads to Finnish Lapland in search of the Sami, a traditionally nomadic tribe of reindeer herders. Some linguists believe that both ‘Sami’ and ‘Suomi’ derive from the same proto-Baltic word, ‘źemē’, E __________________, and the people living on that land.

While traditionally Finland’s Sami identify themselves as Sami first and Finnish second, their connection to the land seemed similar to the importance Finns place on nature and their surroundings. Finland is regularly rated one of the most environmentally-friendly nations in the world and F __________________.

So is this bond with the land the cornerstone to Finnish – or Suomi, rather – identity?

how does it fit into the modern Finnish identity
which was introduced to the language through borrowed words
explained that the name ‘Finland’ was not Finnish-born
the country recently created its 40th national park
suggesting that people in Finland wore clothes made out of fish skins
which could have looked like swampland to outsiders
which was used to refer to land or territory

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Задача 19

First discovered by the French chemist, Louis-Camille Maillard, back in 1912, it’s the most widely practiced chemical reaction on the planet. It happens in millions of kitchens every day, A _______________. Essentially, something delicious happens when you mix certain kinds of substances and heat them up. It turns the food brown and contributes to its flavour.

This reaction is responsible for the sweetness of coffee and the appetizing aroma of baked bread, chips, fried onions, barbecued meat, biscuits, toasted marshmallows, and most other foods B _____________. It’s one reason spices are fried or toasted before they’re used, and C _____________. Our attraction to them might be innately human, since they’re a special product of cooking and we’re the only species that can do this.

The problem is, the reaction can’t happen D ______________. You need to get the water content down to about 5% before the reaction takes place and you get all the nice cooked flavours and brown colour. This is why roast potatoes are usually brown on the outside and white on the inside. Microwaves work differently. Rather than heating the surrounding air, they bombard food with tiny, high-powered radio waves that heat up the molecules inside as they pass through. This way of cooking means the surface never gets hot or dry enough for the reaction to occur, E _______________.

Less honest manufacturers attempt to mask the lack of delicious browning F ____________________. Ever since being invented by accident in 1945 microwaves have been revolutionising how we eat. Supermarket lasagnes may never have that crispy topping that we crave, but science is making them more delicious every day.

leading to disappointingly pale toppings on shepherd’s pies and lasagnas
why there’s no comparison between roasted and boiled potatoes
that can heat your ready meal in the oven
if the food is too wet
though very few people have heard of it
by loading their products with salt, sugar and different spices
that we find irresistible

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Полный курс

Задача 20

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Запишите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений.

The telephone

Before the invention of the telephone instant communication over long distances was done by a wire-based electric system called the telegraph. Telegraph communication basically consisted of sending series of dots and dashes called Morse code A_________. Although this was a highly successful system back then, it was limited to sending one message at a time, which had to be decoded by an expert in Morse code before a reply could be formulated B________.

In the 1870s, two inventors both independently designed devices that could transmit speech electrically. Alexander Graham Bell was the ﬁrst to patent his device ﬁrst and he called it the telephone. Bell’s extensive knowledge of the nature of sound and his understanding of music enabled him C________. His idea was based on the principle that several notes could be sent simultaneously along the same wire if they were of differed pitches. Bell then paired up with a young electrician by the name of Thomas Watson and worked on the idea of developing a device D_______.

By 1875 they had progressed signif icantly and had proven that E________. On 2nd June of that year, Bell mistakenly managed to transmit sound over a wire during an experiment with Watson. By July they had built what was to be the main elements of the telephone. Bell spoke into his instrument, “Do you understand what I say?” and Mr Watson answered “Yes”. However, the voice sounds were not very clear F__________. The ﬁrst successful bi-directional transmission of clear speech by Bell and Watson was made on March 10, 1876 when Bell spoke into the device, “Mr Watson, come here, I want to see you,” and Watson answered.

different speech tones would vary the strength of an electric current in a wire
and sent back to the other side
making a telephone call for the ﬁrst time
and still needed some improvements
through an electric wire from one place to another
to imagine transmitting multiple messages over the same wire at the same time
that would transmit human speech

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Полный курс

Раздел 1. АУДИРОВАНИЕ

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A—F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1—7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А—G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

A The Armoury is situated near the Kremlin.

B Originally the Kremlin was wooden.

C New walls and towers of red brick were built in the 15th century.

D The Trinity Gate leads to Red Square.

E The monument to Minin and Pozharsky is the oldest in Moscow.

F The monument to Alexander Pushkin is not far from the monument to Yuri Dolgoruky.

G You can watch ballets in the Maly Theatre.

Утверждение

Соответствие диалогу

Вы услышите интервью с автором детективных романов. В заданиях 3—9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

Which benefit of trees has not been mentioned by the speaker?
1) Protection from flooding.
2) Protection from the sun’s rays.
3) Protection from precipitation.
Ответ: .

The smell of pines in the forest is the result of trees releasing

1) oxygen.

2) carbon dioxide.

3) other gasses.

Ответ: .

Scientists want to study how
1) gasses are released by trees into the atmosphere.
2) organic compounds form tiny particles.
3) these particles influence the climate.
Ответ: .

Cloud droplets are unable to

1) absorb solar radiation.

2) reflect solar radiation.

3) scatter solar radiation.

Ответ: .

According to scientists, cloud droplets influence

1) the size of the cloud.

2) the colour of the cloud.

3) the movement of the cloud.

Ответ: .

The actual formation of the clouds is governed
1) only by the formation of cloud droplets.
2) primarily by the formation of cloud droplets.
3) by several different processes.
Ответ: .

A new way of addressing the problem of global warming is by reducing the amount of
1) greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere.
2) the sun’s radiation getting through the atmosphere.
3) the sun’s radiation reflected by the clouds.
Ответ: .

Раздел 2. ЧТЕНИЕ

Установите соответствие между заголовками 1—8 и текстами A—G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. Exotic Pets
2. Going Back in Time
3. Small Screen Addiction
4. Body Language

5. Massive Destruction
6. Buried Treasure
7. Reason for Extinction
8. Intelligent Enemies

A. The VLT (Very Large Telescope) is the world’s largest telescope and it is taking scientists further back to the Big Bang than they ever thought possible. In other words, the VLT is a kind of a time machine, giving astronomers detailed views of events that took place in the earliest days of the cosmos. One day, we will have a much clearer picture of how our planet was born.

B. The latest development in the debate amongst scientists about what killed the prehistoric dinosaurs is the suggestion that acid rain was the cause. Some geologists suggest that a large meteor hitting the earth at 65 kilometres per second would have led to strongly acidic rain falling all over the world. This idea is fascinating but it would mean the dinosaurs would all have died within a very short time.

C. In 1948, a British farmer discovered an interesting lump of metal while ploughing his field. At first he thought the metal bits were parts of an old bed. Then more ‘parts of old beds’ turned up and the farmer took them to the local museum. ‘But these bits are priceless!’ exclaimed the keeper of the museum. ‘They are Iron Age jewellery and coins!’ Over the next 40 years, more and more items were found in the same field.

D. Rats may have had a bit of a hard time over the years but these days lots of people are forgetting about guinea-pigs and hamsters and are buying rats instead. Domestic rats aren’t the same as the ones that run around rubbish bins — they’re actually quite cute. They are very intelligent and can be trained like dogs. They come in different colours and — a big bonus — they will eat anything!

E. In Western cultures, people look each other in the eye during a conversation to show interest and trust, but in many Asian countries, it’s rude to look people in the eye, especially a superior such as a teacher. One of the most basic and powerful signals is when a person crosses his or her arms across the chest. This can indicate that a person is putting up an unconscious barrier between themselves and others.

F. Earthquakes happen all the time in all parts of the world but we don’t notice most of them because they are small. However, big earthquakes are really dangerous. They can make buildings fall down, set off landslides and do other deadly things. The highest death toll caused by an earthquake was in China in 1556, when at least 830,000 people died.

G. According to scientists, Americans watch more TV on average than any other nationality. In fact, many people, particularly children, sit for 35 hours or more per week glued to the box. What’s wrong with watching all that TV? Studies have linked it to everything from obesity to aggression in children not to mention that it puts your mind into a sort of sedated state. Habitual television watching, over long periods of time, has been known to cause depression, and anger.

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A—F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

The Man Booker Prize for Fiction is awarded every year for the best original full-length novel written by a writer from the Commonwealth or the Republic of Ireland. It aims to represent the greatest in contemporary literature and promotes the finest in fiction by rewarding the best book of the year. The prize was originally called the Booker-McConnell Prize, A ____________. However, it was better-known as simply the ‘Booker Prize’. In 2002, the Man Group became the sponsor and they chose the new name, keeping ‘Booker’.

Publishers can submit books for consideration for the prize, but the judges can also ask for books to be submitted B ____________. Firstly, the Advisory Committee gives advice if there have been any changes to the rules for the prize. Then it selects the people C ____________. The judging panel changes every year and usually a person is only a judge once.

Great efforts are made to ensure that the judging panel is balanced in terms of gender and professions within the industry. A writer, a critic, an editor and an academic are chosen along with a well-known person from wider society. However, when the panel of judges has been finalized, they are left to make their own decisions D ____________. The Man Booker judges include critics, writers and academics E ____________. The influence of the prize is so great that the winner will almost certainly see the considerable sales increase, in addition to the £50,000 F ____________. In 1992, a Booker Russian Novel Prize was introduced.

without any further interference from the prize sponsor
so as to maintain the consistent quality of the prize
who will judge the books
so as to sell them
which was the name of the company that sponsored it
that comes with the prize
they think should be included

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

‘Have you written a letter to the Froplinsons?’ asked Egbert.

‘No,’ said Janetta, with a note of tired defiance in her voice; ‘I’ve written eleven letters today expressing surprise and gratitude for sundry unmerited gifts, but I haven’t written to the Froplinsons yet.’

‘Someone will have to do it,’ said Egbert.

‘I don’t dispute the necessity, but I don’t think that someone should be me,’ said Janetta. ‘I wouldn’t mind writing a letter of angry recrimination or heartless satire to some suitable recipient. In fact, I should rather enjoy it, but I’ve come to the end of my capacity for expressing servile amiability. Eleven letters today and nine yesterday, all couched in the same strain of ecstatic thankfulness: really, you can’t expect me to sit down to another. There is such a thing as writing oneself out.’

‘I’ve written nearly as many,’ said Egbert, ‘and I’ve had my usual business correspondence to get through, too. Besides, I don’t know what it was that the Froplinsons sent us.’ ‘A William the Conqueror calendar,’ said Janetta, ‘with a quotation of one of his great thoughts for every day in the year.’

‘Impossible,’ said Egbert; ‘he didn’t have three hundred and sixty-five thoughts in the whole of his life, or, if he did, he kept them to himself.’

‘Well, it was William Wordsworth, then,’ said Janetta; ‘I know William came into it somewhere.’

‘That sounds more probable,’ said Egbert; ‘well, let’s collaborate on this letter and get it done. I’ll dictate, and you can scribble it down. ‘Dear Mrs. Froplinson, thank you and your husband so much for the very pretty calendar you sent us. It was very good of you to think of us.’ ’

‘You can’t possibly say that,’ said Janetta, laying down her pen. ‘We sent them something on the twenty-second,’ said Janetta, ‘so they simply had to think of us. There was no getting away from it.’

‘What did we send them?’ asked Egbert gloomily.

‘Bridge-markers,’ said Janetta, ‘in a cardboard case, with some inanity about ‘digging for fortune with a royal spade’ emblazoned on the cover. The moment I saw it in the shop I said to myself ‘Froplinsons’ and to the attendant ‘How much?’ When he said ‘Ninepence,’ I gave him their address, jabbed our card in, paid tenpence or elevenpence to cover the postage, and thanked heaven. With less sincerity and infinitely more trouble they eventually thanked me.’

‘The Froplinsons don’t play bridge,’ said Egbert.

‘One is not supposed to notice social deformities of that sort,’ said Janetta; ‘it wouldn’t be polite. Besides, what trouble did they take to find out whether we read Wordsworth with gladness? For all they knew or cared we might be frantically embedded in the belief that all poetry begins and ends with John Masefield, and it might infuriate or depress us to have a daily sample of Wordsworthian products flung at us.’

‘Well, let’s get on with the letter,’ said Egbert. ‘How clever of you to guess that Wordsworth is our favourite poet.’

Again Janetta laid down her pen.

‘Do you realise what that means?’ she asked; ‘a Wordsworth booklet next Christmas, and another calendar the Christmas after, with the same problem of having to write suitable letters of thankfulness. No, the best thing to do is to drop all further allusion to the calendar and switch off on to some other topic.’

‘But what other topic?’

‘Oh, something like this: ‘What do you think of the New Year Honours List? A friend of ours made such a clever remark when he read it.’ Then you can stick in any remark that comes into your head; it needn’t be clever. The Froplinsons won’t know whether it is or isn’t.’

‘We don’t even know on which side they are in politics,’ objected Egbert; ‘and anyhow you can’t suddenly dismiss the subject of the calendar. Surely there must be some intelligent remark that can be made about it.’

‘Well, we can’t think of one,’ said Janetta wearily; ‘the fact is, we’ve both written ourselves out.’

There was a long silence, the forlorn silence of those who are bereft of hope and have almost ceased to care. Then Egbert started from his seat with an air of resolution. The light of battle was in his eyes.

‘Let me come to the writing-table,’ he exclaimed; ‘I’m going to write to the editor of every enlightened and influential newspaper in the Kingdom, I’m going to suggest that there should be a sort of epistolary Truce of God during the festivities of Christmas and New Year. From the twenty-fourth of December to the third or fourth of January it shall be considered an offence against good sense and good feeling to write or expect any letter or communication that does not deal with the necessary events of the moment. Answers to invitations, arrangements about trains, renewal of club subscriptions, and, of course, all the ordinary everyday affairs of business, sickness, engaging new cooks, and so forth, these will be dealt with in the usual manner as something inevitable. But all the devastating accretions of correspondence, incident to the festive season, these should be swept away to give the season a chance of being really festive.’

‘But you would have to make some acknowledgment of presents received,’ objected Janetta; ‘otherwise people would never know whether they had arrived safely.’

‘Of course, I have thought of that,’ said Egbert; ‘every present that was sent off would be accompanied by a ticket bearing the date of dispatch and the signature of the sender, and some conventional hieroglyphic to show that it was intended to be a Christmas or New Year gift; there would be a counterfoil with space for the recipient’s name and the date of arrival, and all you would have to do would be to sign and date the counterfoil, add a conventional hieroglyphic indicating heartfelt thanks and gratified surprise, put the thing into an envelope and post it.’

‘It sounds delightfully simple,’ said Janetta wistfully, ‘but people would consider it too perfunctory.’

‘It is not a bit more perfunctory than the present system,’ said Egbert; ‘I have only the same conventional language of gratitude at my disposal with which to thank dear old Colonel Chuttle for his perfectly delicious Stilton, which we shall devour to the last morsel, and the Froplinsons for their calendar, which we shall never look at. So you see the present system of acknowledgment is just as perfunctory and conventional as the counterfoil business would be, only ten times more tiresome and brain-racking.’

‘Your plan would certainly bring the idea of a Happy Christmas a step nearer realisation,’ said Janetta. ‘Meanwhile, what am I to say to the Froplinsons?’

(Adapted from ‘Down Pens’ by H. H. Munro)

Egbert and Janetta were writing

1) application letters.
2) thank-you letters.

3) letters of recrimination.
4) letters of complaint.

Ответ: .

Egbert and Janetta didn’t want to write a letter to the Froplinsons because they
1) had both written themselves out.
2) didn’t like this couple.
3) didn’t know what the Froplinsons had sent them.
4) had a lot of work to do.
Ответ: .

Janetta liked her present to the Froplinsons because it was

1) expensive and useless.
2) cheap and useless.

3) expensive and useful.
4) cheap and useful.

Ответ: .

Janetta didn’t want to mention that Wordsworth was their favourite poet because
1) she actually didn’t like his poems.
2) her favourite poet was John Masefield.
3) the Froplinsons would send them new Wordsworth-related presents.
4) she didn’t want the Froplinsons to know the truth.
Ответ: .

Janetta considered the Froplisons to be

1) stupid.

2) clever.

3) kind.

4) mean.

Ответ: .

Egbert suggested that at Christmas people should
1) stop writing letters at all.
2) put off all the everyday affairs of business.
3) not make any acknowledgment of received presents.
4) send counterfoils instead of thank-you letters.
Ответ: .

Janetta considered a new system

1) absolutely impossible.
2) too perfunctory.

3) easy to implement.
4) totally unacceptable.

Ответ: .

Раздел 3. ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19—25.

Обратите внимание, что по правилам ЕГЭ ответы нужно писать без пробелов и других знаков, например, правильный ответ ‘have done’ нужно будет записать как ‘havedone’, иначе ваш ответ не засчитается.

Swimming Pools

The first heated swimming pool by Gaius Maecenas of Rome in the first century BC.

CON-
STRUCT

Swimming pools became popular in Britain in the beginning of the 19th century. By 1837, London authorities six indoor pools with diving boards.

BUILD

The surviving swimming club in the world is the Arlington Baths Club in Glasgow. It is still an active club and continues to own its original Victorian building with a large pool.

OLD

After the start of modern Olympic Games in 1896, the popularity of swimming pools off. Nowadays there are lots of different swimming pools, both public and private.

TAKE

Most enjoy swimming and swimming pools with their wave-making machines, water slides and tropical vegetation are something unique for them.

CHILD

If they could, kids to spend their entire summer in the swimming pool.

CHOOSE

However, not everyone their own backyard pool.

HAVE

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26—31, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26—31.

Waste Management

Waste affects our environment — everything that surrounds us including the air, water, land, plants, and man-made things. We need a healthy environment for our own health and .

HAPPY

The waste we create has to be controlled to be sure that it does not harm our environment and our health.

CAREFUL

So waste management is very important.

EFFECT

Waste reduction and recycling have a wide range of environmental benefits and promote public awareness and personal for the waste we create.

RESPON-
SIBLE

The best place to start making a is our home. Learn how you can reduce, reuse, and recycle materials to decrease household waste.

DIFFER

If we recycle what we can’t use any more, we save resources because the materials replace some of the natural resources including water and energy, which we use to make new products.

RECYCLE

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32—38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32—38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Globalization and Communication Growth

The 21st century has 32____ in a new era in man’s ongoing quest for a better life and a better world. For the first time in history, we can now claim to live in ‘One World.’ Globalization has removed many of the gaps that have existed between and among nations. While the physical divide is still present, the 33____ of the Information Highway on how we communicate and live in the present day is simply staggering. Rapid improvements in information technology have allowed us to exchange information and communicate almost everywhere, anywhere, and anytime.

Globalization, as a general term, is best understood as the spread of ideas about the environment, democracy, human rights, and less complicated issues like fashion and fads. Global exchange is now taking place as the market of ideas, culture, and beliefs expand through the use of technology. The nature of business and how it is done has also improved by 34____ and bounds because of globalization.

An example of the remarkable effects of globalization is the invention of the telephone and the television. Television has enabled young people and adults to have the ability to share cultural and ethnic experiences with others. Telephones have also greatly improved communication. Gone are the weeks and even months of waiting for a letter. Anybody can talk to anyone who has another phone 35____ of distance or location on the planet. With the aid of satellites, 3rd generation phones allow us to make a phone call, send a video, or even receive an e-mail. These 36____ in communication have revolutionized business, commerce, and even the personal lives and relationships of millions of people.

Because of the electronic media, vast amounts of important information can reach any parts of the globe in 37____ time. Business establishments, whether big or small, are using the Internet in many ways to build or expand their company’s growth. With the ever improving technology come new markets, high 38____ for products, and also greater competition. Making investments in information and communication technology is now a must for any business enterprise.

1) started

2) began

3) ushered

4) launched

Ответ: .

1) cause

2) impact

3) consequences

4) result

Ответ: .

1) bonds

2) gaps

3) jumps

4) leaps

Ответ: .

1) regardless

2) despite

3) notwithstanding

4) because

Ответ: .

1) breakbeats

2) breakdowns

3) breakouts

4) breakthroughs

Ответ: .

1) any

2) no

3) none of

4) some

Ответ: .

1) access

2) claim

3) demand

4) rise

Ответ: .

Ваш результат: пока 0.

Далее вы можете набрать еще 40 баллов. Автоматически это проверить нельзя, поэтому сделайте реалистичный прогноз о том, сколько бы вы смогли набрать баллов, и получите ваш итоговый результат ЕГЭ.

Если возник вопрос по ответу, в котором вы ошиблись, можете задать его в комментариях.

Раздел 4. ПИСЬМО

Для ответов на задания 39 и 40 используйте бланк ответов № 2. Черновые пометки можно делать прямо на листе с заданиями, или можно использовать отдельный черновик. При выполнении заданий 39 и 40 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ № 2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются. Запишите сначала номер задания (39, 40), а затем ответ на него. Если одной стороны бланка недостаточно, Вы можете использовать другую его сторону.

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Jessica who writes:

… By the way, we are doing a project at college on the fashion industry in different countries. It would be nice if you could tell me what clothes are popular with teenagers in Russia. Do you have any special fashion for teens? What kind of clothes do you prefer? Why?

As for me, I bought a new dress yesterday …

Write a letter to Jessica.
In your letter
— answer her questions
— ask 3 questions about her tastes in clothes
Write 100 — 140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.

За это задание вы можете получить 6 баллов максимум.

Comment on the following statement.

Lots of people enjoy celebrating holidays. However, for some people a holiday is just a day off.

What is your attitude to celebrations? Which way of celebrating holidays do you find more enjoyable?

Write 200 — 250 words.

— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position

За это задание вы можете получить 14 баллов максимум.

Раздел 5. ГОВОРЕНИЕ

— За 1,5 минуты нужно подготовиться и в следующие 1,5 минуты выразительно прочитать текст вслух — 1 балл.
— Составление 5 вопросов на основе ключевых слов. На подготовку отводится 1,5 минуты, затем каждый вопрос надо сформулировать в течение 20 секунд — 5 баллов.
— 3 фотографии. Нужно выбрать 1 и описать ее по предложенному тут же в задании плану за 3,5 минуты — 7 баллов.
— 2 картинки. Нужно сравнить их, описать сходства и различия, объяснить, почему выбранная тематика близка выпускнику, за 3,5 минуты — 7 баллов.

B11

Many people have done research on how to improve the course work of distance learning and also the evaluation of how the material is being taught.

EVALUATE

B12

One big concern is that people are cheating with distance learning classes. Many professors are now developing ways to keep distance learning
courses from being meaningless.

MEANING

B13

One way to improve them is to continually change the way they are taught.

CONTINUAL

B14

Teachers are beginning to require different classwork for the same course that they teach.

DIFFER

B15

They also ask students to become more interactive with their homework and the projects they have to complete.

ACTIVE

B16

Moreover, students are given tests from a test bank. The test is made up when they log into the test website. These requirements are the same for students taking distant classes at school or at special courses.

REQUIRE

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Задание №10021.
Чтение. ЕГЭ по английскому

Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

Which statement about the use of technology is FALSE, according to the text?
1) Technology gives everyone equal chances.
2) It provides the environment students are used to.
3) We cannot avoid technology, so we should use it.
4) Students should use technology at home.

Решение:
Which statement about the use of technology is FALSE, according to the text? Students should use technology at home.
Какое утверждение об использовании технологий ЛОЖНО, согласно тексту? Студенты должны использовать технологии дома.

«Technology is growing not just within our classrooms but also in our everyday lives, so it is natural that we should increasingly incorporate it into classrooms.»

Показать ответ

Источник: ФИПИ. Открытый банк тестовых заданий

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Internet safety issues

The fact is that 93 percent of kids are online.
Even if parents limit or ban internet access, kids have access at school, through a friend’s smart phone, libraries, and schools. The internet is a tool that our children need to use and master with wisdom dispensed by parents. We need tech-savvy youth who will grow up to be leaders of the community.
Many schools use websites such as EdModo to connect students and teachers. My friend Reem is the vice principal of an Islamic School. She says that many teachers assign work from school that children need to research online. Some of the best homeschooling resources are online.
Far too many parents do not allow their children monitored access to the internet, leading to two scenarios. Their children end up lying and using it behind their back; or are so sheltered that they do not know how to conduct themselves online when they finally do get access.
On the other hand, more often than not, there are parents who freely give unmonitored access.
But caretakers raising children in today’s world need to think about several issues:
• How does a parent know if his/her child is engaging in inappropriate Internet activities?
• How would a parent know if his/her child is cyber-bullied if he or she does not tell them?
According to Common Sense Media, “Young teens don’t yet have an “off” switch in their brains. That means that they often act impulsively. This lack of impulse control, combined with online anonymity, could lead toward dangerous behaviors: cyber-bullying, inappropriate photo or video uploads, illegal downloads, meeting strangers – even cheating. Because socializing is so important to young people, online interactions can become pretty intense – whether they’re playing games, chatting with friends, or sharing work.”
Using open communication and thoughtful intervention, parents can help their wired offspring learn how to maneuver electronic gadgets and the World Wide Web. Here are some tips on how to give children monitored access to the Internet:
• spend time with your children online.
• ask to see their Facebook page, their Instagrams, and Twitter feed. It may seem like a foreign territory, but it is imperative that parents talk to their children about social media. At this stage, it is not our job to try to protect them by isolating them. It is our job to teach them how to deal with information and with people.
• younger children often play on websites such as Movie Star Planet, Moshi Monsters, and new ones pop up every day. Most of these sites teach extreme consumerism as children ‘play’ to accumulate points or currency and use it to ‘buy’ stuff: furniture, VIP passes, etc.; urging your child to become ‘Rich and Famous.’ As responsible parents, we need to prevent children from becoming mindless consumers. If you do allow your child to visit these sites, then watch them while they play.
• teach them not to talk to or chat with random strangers. That person with a name Girlie45 could, possibly, be a middle-aged predator. Teach them that everything that they put online is there forever. Anyone can cut, copy and paste pictures and text. Teach them how to be safe online because today it is as important as safety basics about locking the door or not playing with matches.

ВОПРОС 1: What does the author think about educational value of prohibiting children from internet?
1) It is useless.
2) It is important.
3) It is effective.
4) It is advisable.

ВОПРОС 2: What way of using internet in education does the author mention (paragraph 2)?
1) Finding ready-made research papers.
2) Online instruction by school administration.
3) Communication platform for teachers and students.
4) Teaching from home.

ВОПРОС 3: What, according to the author, can the parents’ refusal to allow their children supervised internet access lead to?
1) Children become overprotected.
2) Children use internet in schools under teacher’s control.
3) Children turn to misconduct in schools.
4) Children start cheating on their parents.

ВОПРОС 4: What does the phrase ‘don’t have an “off” switch in their brains’ (paragraph 5) mean?
1) They are unable to restrain from spontaneous actions.
2) They are making reckless decisions.
3) They are acting anonymously online.
4) They are considering the consequences of their actions.

ВОПРОС 5: According to the text, the best way to protect children from internet hazards is to
1) monitor their accounts in social networks.
2) follow them online.
3) ban them from using social networks.
4) limit their access to computer.

ВОПРОС 6: The danger of online games is, according to the author, in
1) the possibility of losing one’s money.
2) availability of VIP passes.
3) getting used to spending money easily.
4) their accessibility.

ВОПРОС 7: What idea is emphasized in the last paragraph?
1) Chatting with strangers online can be dangerous.
2) Nicknames conceal the real identity of a person online.
3) Learning internet security is essential for young people.
4) Pictures should be uploaded wisely.

ВОПРОС 1: – 1
ВОПРОС 2: – 3
ВОПРОС 3: – 4
ВОПРОС 4: – 1
ВОПРОС 5: – 2
ВОПРОС 6: – 3
ВОПРОС 7: – 3

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English speaking world

Добро пожаловать в «Англоговорящий мир»! В этом разделе вы найдете информацию о таких англоговорящих странах, как Великобритания, Канада, США, Австралия и Новая Зеландия. Вашему вниманию предлагаются
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—тесты и викторины

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Russia

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Information

Text 1: Read the following text carefully and then do Task A and Task B.

The real experience of an online-only university student

Adapted from: https://www.timeshighereducation.com/student/blogs/real-experience-online-

only-university-studentRainesford Stauffer

0. Online-only learning is on the rise among students – and blogger Rainesford Stauffer

explains how studying online gave her the flexibility to work and study.

1. I graduated with academic honours without ever meeting my professors, embarking on an

all-nighter with classmates and, technically, never having gone to a class at all. I was an

online-only student, and as online degree programmes grow in popularity, my past three years

of study were a crash-course in the unique challenges of learning online, as well as a glimpse

into what the future of higher education might look like.

2. My school day looked very different than most: rather than loading up my backpack and

heading to class, I would wake up, eat breakfast while doing my first round of schoolwork for

the day, and spend a few hours finishing assignments. Then, I’d head off to work, maybe

tucking in a study session during lunch before wrapping up homework or preparing for exams

in the evening. Saturday and Sunday became two of my busiest school days and I became an

expert at working everywhere from my desk to the car.

3. Some of my most vivid undergraduate memories were of completing a term paper on the

floor backstage at the ballet performance I was managing, and stumbling home after a full day

of work to begin school that evening. Just like traditional universities, I had papers, exams,

and grades – only, there were no office hours and no such thing as sick days. Enrolment in

online learning programmes has grown over the past few years, with more than a quarter of

students enrolled in at least one online course. But too many misconceptions still persist

around the experience of being an online-only student – for example, that an online degree

doesn’t carry the same level of prestige as a traditional one. By contrast, online learning

enabled me to hone skills such as self-motivation and time management that ultimately made

me a better student, and later, a more prepared young adult.

4. Autumn Steed, a professional dancer who just began an online degree programme in

kinesiology at California Baptist University, agrees that there are differences between

traditional university time management, and the commitment required to study online: “you

attend an in-person class for a select period of time in which you are entirely focused on that

subject,” she says. “In an online programme, you must be able to self-motivate and manage

multiple courses in the limited time that you are able to provide for yourself.”

5. Oliver Till, who is studying for a BA in business and environment at The Open University,

observes that “it is very easy, when studying at home, for little things to chip away at the time

you have set aside.” He points out the necessity of “making sure those closest to you

understand the commitment and choice you have made”.

6. With no set class hours, an online student defines their own schedule, a significant reason

why so many working students are drawn to online degree programmes. Steed believes that

this actually helps her education. “For someone who enjoys working at their own pace,

independent higher education seems like the ideal fit. Although online study may eliminate the

social aspect of in-person education, it can counter that loss through the ability to increase

personal productivity,” she says.

Task A: (2.5 points) Choose the correct option according to the text.

Example: (Paragraph 1) Rainesford Stauffer says she

a) graduated without meeting her teachers in person.

b) studied late into the night.

c) found online courses to be risky. Answer: a

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Источник

Подробности: 124318

1.Раздел 2. Чтение (часть 1) (Елена Клековкина, Малколм Манн, Стив Тейлор-Ноулз, 2004-2005 годы)

Клековкина Е., Манн М., Тейлор-Н. С.

11.Раздел 2. Чтение (часть 1) (Вербицкая М.В., 2017 год)

Вербицкая М.В.

Тест №06 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык
Тест №07 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык
Тест №08 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык
Тест №09 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык
Тест №10 по ЕГЭ. Английский язык

13.Раздел 2. Чтение (часть 1) КИМы по ЕГЭ (ФИПИ, 2003-2017 годs)

КИМ
ФИПИ

КИМ английский язык. Чтение, 2010 г.
КИМ английский язык. Чтение, 2009 г.
КИМ английский язык. Чтение, 2008 г.
КИМ английский язык. Чтение, 2007 г.
КИМ английский язык. Чтение, 2006 г.
КИМ английский язык. Чтение, 2005 г.
КИМ английский язык. Чтение, 2004 г.
КИМ английский язык. Чтение, 2003 г.

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