Темы для эссе по английскому егэ 2022

Здесь собраны темы для эссе по английскому языку для ЕГЭ (задание 40 письменной части) представленные на сайте ФИПИ.

Communication & Personality

Some people think that extreme sports help to build character.

ЕГЭ Темы для эссе

Some people think that you can have only one true friend.

ЕГЭ Темы для эссе

Virtual Internet communication results in losing real-life social skills.

ЕГЭ Темы эссе

Education

Distance learning is the best form of education.

A pupil cannot study effectively without a computer.

Exams motivate students to study harder.

Some people think that to get a good education one should go abroad.

Some people think that learning foreign languages is a waste of time and money.

Public libraries are becoming less popular and they will soon disappear.

Environment

It is the government’s responsibility to protect the environment.

Family & Children

It’s not right to be strict with little children.

Fashion

Clothes people are wearing can influence their behaviour.

Food & Diets

Fast food outlets should be closed.

Housing

There are more disadvantages than advantages in living in a big city.

Leisure

The best time is that spent with family and friends.

Every city and every town should have a zoo.

Sport

Sport unites people.

Playing sports is better than watching others do it.

Sports help people to fight stress.

Technology

The Internet is the biggest evil of our time.

Internet is the greatest time-waster.

Space exploration was the greatest achievement of the 20th century.

Traditions & Customs

The best holidays and festivals are those with specific traditions for celebrating.

Work

There are no men’s or women’s professions.

Все темы по английскому языку на ЕГЭ/ОГЭ 2022

В экзамене ЕГЭ и ОГЭ по английскому языку есть задание №40, которое вызывает ужас и трепет многих учащихся. Здесь нужно написать эссе на предложенную тему. 

О сложностях написания обычного эссе сказано многое на нашем телеграм-канале. Тут задача усложнена еще и тем, что нужно выполнить сочинение на английском языке – без стилистических и грамматических ошибок. Хорошо хоть, что есть скидки порядочным студентам, которыми они могут воспользоваться при подготовке других работ!

Давайте поговорим о том, какие темы могут ждать выпускников школ на ОГЭ и ЕГЭ по английскому языку в этом году.

Список примерных тем эссе/сочинений по английскому языку на ЕГЭ/ОГЭ в 2022 году (согласно ФИПИ)

Everyday life. Shopping. Household chores

• Shopping is interesting and enjoyable;
• Shopping malls have advantages over small shops;
• Our lives would be better if we bought fewer goods;
• Online shopping will replace traditional shopping in the future;
• Clothes help people show who they really are;
• It is logical to share the housework evenly between men and women;
• Children should help their parents about the house;
• Many people regard shopping as a hobby;
• It is important to look nice and follow fashion;
• Clothes people are wearing can influence their behaviour.

Life in the city and in the country

• There are more disadvantages than advantages in living in a big city;
• There are a lot of benefits of living in the country;
• Some people think that cities are the best places to live;
• It is better for children to grow up in the city;
• It is important to protect the countryside and not build factories there;
• Some people think that city life is harder.

Family problems. Friends. Problems of young people

• Some people think that you can have only one true friend;
• It’s not right to be strict with little children;
• The best time is that spent with family and friends;
• Show me your room and I will tell you who you are;
• Friendship is the greatest gift of life;
• Having friends is important for everyone;
• Love makes a person happy;
• Only those who have much in common can become friends;
• Grandparents should take an active part in their grandchildren’s upbringing;
• Adult children should not live with their parents.

Travelling and sightseeing

• Travelling in your own country is the best way to learn about it;
• One should read about historical sites before sightseeing;
• Tourism ruins everything that it touches;
• Hitchhiking is the best way to travel;
• School trips are beneficial for students;
• Cars have improved our lives in a number of ways;
• Travelling to exotic countries is an exciting experience;
• The best way to travel is by plane;
• The best way to travel in a town or in a city is on foot;
• The best way to travel is by train.

Учтите, что с 2020-го года нельзя писать на обратной стороне листа. Если сочинение вышло больше 1 страницы, обязательно попросите еще бумагу у организатора ЕГЭ/ОГЭ. В противном случае работу могут не принять или засчитать не выполненной.

Science and technology

• Virtual Internet communication results in losing real-life social skills;
• Internet is the greatest time-waster;
• Computers cannot replace people;
• Space exploration was the greatest achievement of the 20th century;
• The Internet is the biggest evil of our time;
• Robots will soon replace people in all jobs;
• Science is the first thing to be financed in the modern world;
• It is easy to live without the Internet;
• With the Internet we no longer need TV;
• Space exploration is very important for the future of our planet.

Jobs. Career. Future profession

• Some people think that young people should follow in their parents’ footsteps when choosing a profession;
• In any occupation discipline is more important than talent;
• There are no men’s or women’s professions;

Темы эссе для ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Подробный список

Дорогие друзья!

Важным залогом успеха при подготовки к ЕГЭ по английскому языку является умение писать по-английски на разные темы, при этом соблюдая грамматические и пунктуационные правила. Раздел «Письмо» состоит из двух заданий: личное письмо и эссе.

Особенную трудность вызывает написание эссе, поскольку для того, чтобы успешно справиться с задачей, необходимо владеть набором знаний, умений и навыков.

Во-первых, необходимо свободно оперировать значительным объемом общеязыкового и тематического словаря.

Во-вторых, необходимо обладать большим объемом дополнительной, так называемой «фоновой информации»» из общего кругозора по истории, экономики, географии и культуре. Это необходимо для того, чтобы формулировать грамотные аргументы в пользу своего мнения.

В-третьих, нужно быть хорошо знакомым со структурой эссе, важнейшей составной частью которой является выстраивание аргументации, смотрите в нашей статье про аргументацию и уметь изложить свою точку зрения на проблемные вопросы в рамках тематики заданной на экзамене. Предварительно, до экзамена необходимо ознакомиться с кругом тем, которые так или иначе могут встретиться на экзамене, возможно в перефразированном виде, однако очень похожи.

В-четвертых, необходимо знание языкового оформления структуры эссе – фраз, вводящих логические части эссе, союзов, выражающих различные логические и смысловые отношения между мыслями. Помните, что очень важно уметь грамотно оформить свои мысли с точки зрения грамматики, правописания и пунктуации.

Список тем эссе для подготовки к ЕГЭ по-английскому

Вашему вниманию представлен примерный список тем, которые из года в год встречаются в заданиях ЕГЭ в разделе «Письмо», в части эссе. Темы могут быть перефразированы, но суть остается, поэтому настоятельно рекомендую потренироваться с репетитором и написать эссе на все эти темы, тщательно продумывая аргументацию.

Список тем составлен на основе учебников для подготовки к ЕГЭ и на личном опыте ????

Скачать список тем эссе по английскому языку

1. Smoking should be prohibited.
2. Travelling abroad helps to understand your own country.
3. The growth of cities is harmful to the environment.
4. Technical progress is harmful for the humanity.
5. The most important thing in life is health.
6. The most important thing in life is love.
7. Social media interaction is important for modern teenagers.
8. The most important thing in life is family.
9. The most important thing in life is work.
10. School classmates make the best friends.
11. It’s easier to make friends that to keep them.
12. The circus is the best entertainment for children.
13. Childhood is the safest period of human life.
14. High school students should only study the subjects they choose.
15. Some people think that Russian is easier to learn than English.
16. It’s better to read a book rather than watch its screen version.
17. Following the fashion trends is waste of time and money.
18. Music is something that distracts people from their daily routine.
19. In the digital age museums are still important.
20. A teacher should always be strict.
21. Organized travel is not as interesting as independent travel.
22. Playing sports helps to reduce stress.
23. Having a computer at home will help children to get a better education.
24. Cars should be banned from the city centers.
25. Cars are important modern type of transport.
26. To be rich means to be successful.
27. Future will bring only positive impact on the world.
28. Appearance is the most important thing for a modern teenager.
29. All school subjects should be equally important for a pupil.
30. Genetically modified products are not harmful for the health of people.
31. Cities provide people with more advantages than villages.
32. Graffiti should be considered as an act of vandalism.
33. Taking a gap year after school is necessary step for every teenager.
34. Choosing future profession is a difficult task for every school-leaver.
35. Diets are important to stay fit and healthy.
36. Healthy eating is an important part of everyday life.
37. Having only one language of communication on our planet is a wise decision.
38. Zoos should be prohibited.
39. Zoos help most animals to survive.
40. Studying a foreign language abroad is important for everyone.
41. Knowing one foreign language isn’t enough.
42. The Internet is the most useful invention in the world.
43. Human cloning experiments should be prohibited.
44. The Internet will be the main source of studying in the future.
45. Computer games are one of the best ways to spend free time.
46. Space exploration is very important for the future of our planet.
47. Space travelling should be available for everyone in the future.
48. Mobile phones are one of the most convenient ways of communication.
49. Modern teenagers are criticized for no reason.
50. Young generation lives better that people lived in the past.
51. Soap operas are not interesting and take too much time.
52. Violence on TV should be prohibited.
53. To be rich means to be happy.
54. Distant learning will become the only type of education in the future.
55. Online education is very important nowadays.
56. Home schooling is very convenient way of studying.
57. Government should be responsible for people’s health.
58. Holidays are important for every culture.
59. Modern life is impossible without travelling.
60. Travelling broadens one’s outlook.
61. One should choose a future profession according to personal interests and talents.
62. Parents should allow teenagers to work part-time.
63. Work from home is better that the work in an office.
64. Reality show is one of the best TV shows.
65. Digital literacy is an important part of modern life.

Порядок подсчета слов в заданиях раздела «Письмо»

При оценивании заданий раздела «Письмо» следует учитывать такой параметр как объем письменного текста, выраженный в количестве слов. Требуемый объем для личного письма в задании 40, то есть в эссе – 200-250 слов. Допустимое отклонение от заданного объема составляет 10 %.

Если в выполненном задании 40 менее 180 слов, то задание проверке не подлежит и оценивается в 0 баллов. Ведь, действительно, первое, что делают преподаватели – считают количество слов в выполненной работе.

При превышении объема более чем на 10%, то есть если в задании 40 будет более 275 слов, проверке подлежит та часть работы, которая соответствует требуемому объему. Таким образом, при проверке

задания 40 отсчитывается 250 слов, и оценивается только эта часть работы.

При определении объема работы этим требованиям считаются все слова, с первого слова по последнее, включая вспомогательные глаголы, предлоги, артикли и частицы. При этом следует знать, что сокращенные формы didn’t, doesn’t, I’m и прочие будут считаться одним словом.

Также, все числительные, выраженные цифрами считаются одним словом. А числительные выраженные словами считаются как слова. Все сложные слова, такие как good-looking, English-speaking, twenty-five считаются как слова.

Различные сокращения и аббревиатуры USA, e-mail, TV, считаются как одно слово.

Самый главный совет: читайте и пишите по-английски каждый день хотя бы чуть-чуть.

Удачи в подготовке к написанию эссе на ЕГЭ по английскому языку!

Темы для эссе ???? по английскому языку для ЕГЭ

Список примерных тем для ЕГЭ по английскому языку.

Everyday life. Shopping. Household chores

1. Shopping is interesting and enjoyable.
2. Shopping malls have advantages over small shops.
3. Our lives would be better if we bought fewer goods.
4. Online shopping will replace traditional shopping in the future.
5. Clothes help people show who they really are.
6. It is logical to share the housework evenly between men and women.
7. Children should help their parents about the house.
8. Many people regard shopping as a hobby.
9. It is important to look nice and follow fashion.
10. Clothes people are wearing can influence their behaviour.

Life in the city and in the country

1. There are more disadvantages than advantages in living in a big city.
2. There are a lot of benefits of living in the country.
3. Some people think that cities are the best places to live.
4. It is better for children to grow up in the city.
5. It is important to protect the countryside and not build factories there.
6. Some people think that city life is harder.

Family problems. Friends. Problems of young people

1. Some people think that you can have only one true friend.
2. It’s not right to be strict with little children.
3. The best time is that spent with family and friends.
4. Show me your room and I will tell you who you are.
5. Friendship is the greatest gift of life.
6. Having friends is important for everyone.
7. Love makes a person happy.
8. Only those who have much in common can become friends.
9. Grandparents should take an active part in their grandchildren’s upbringing.
10. Adult children should not live with their parents.

Travelling and sightseeing

1. Travelling in your own country is the best way to learn about it.
2. One should read about historical sites before sightseeing.
3. Tourism ruins everything that it touches.
4. Hitchhiking is the best way to travel.
5. School trips are beneficial for students.
6. Cars have improved our lives in a number of ways.
7. Travelling to exotic countries is an exciting experience.
8. The best way to travel is by plane.
9. The best way to travel in a town or in a city is on foot.
10. The best way to travel is by train.

Science and technology

1. Virtual Internet communication results in losing real-life social skills.
2. Internet is the greatest time-waster.
3. Computers cannot replace people.
4. Space exploration was the greatest achievement of the 20th century.
5. The Internet is the biggest evil of our time.
6. Robots will soon replace people in all jobs.
7. Science is the first thing to be financed in the modern world.
8. It is easy to live without the Internet.
9. With the Internet we no longer need TV.
10. Space exploration is very important for the future of our planet.

Jobs. Career. Future profession

1. Some people think that young people should follow in their parents’ footsteps when choosing a profession.
2. In any occupation discipline is more important than talent.
3. There are no men’s or women’s professions.

Примерные темы эссе, по английскому, компьютерная версия TOEFL, темы эссе по английскому языку

• ПРИМЕРНЫЕ ТЕМЫ ЭССЕ  В КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЙ ВЕРСИИ TOEFL .
• Topics in the following list may appear in your actual
• test. You should become familiar with this list before
• you take the computer-based TOEFL test. Remember
• that when you take the test you will not have a choice
• of topics. You must write only on the topic that is
• assigned to you.
• People attend college or university for many different reasons (for
• example, new experiences, career preparation, increased knowledge).
• Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific
• reasons and examples to support your answer.
• Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are
• the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support
• your answer.
• Nowadays, food has become easier to prepare. Has this change improved
• the way people live? Use specific reasons and examples to support your
• answer.
• It has been said, “Not everything that is learned is contained in
• books.” Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience
• with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source

is more important? Why?

A company has announced that it wishes to build a large factory near

your community. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new

influence on your community. Do you support or oppose the factory?

1. Explain your position.
2. If you could change one important thing about your hometown,
3. what would you change? Use reasons and specific examples to
4. support your answer.
5. How do movies or television influence people’s behavior? Use reasons
6. and specific examples to support your answer.
7. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television
8. has destroyed communication among friends and family. Use
9. specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
10. Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big

city. Which place would you prefer to live in? Use specific reasons and

• details to support your answer.
• “When people succeed, it is because of hard work. Luck has
• nothing to do with success.” Do you agree or disagree with the
• quotation above? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your
• position.
• Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Universities
• should give the same amount of money to their students’ sports activities
• as they give to their university libraries. Use specific reasons and
• examples to support your opinion.
• Many people visit museums when they travel to new places. Why
• do you think people visit museums? Use specific reasons and
• examples to support your answer.
• Some people prefer to eat at food stands or restaurants. Other people

prefer to prepare and eat food at home. Which do you prefer? Use

1. specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
2. Some people believe that university students should be required to
3. attend classes. Others believe that going to classes should be

optional for students. Which point of view do you agree with? Use

• specific reasons and details to explain your answer.
• Neighbors are the people who live near us. In your opinion, what are the
• qualities of a good neighbor? Use specific details and examples in your
• answer.
• It has recently been announced that a new restaurant may be built

in your neighborhood. Do you support or oppose this plan? Why?

Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

Some people think that they can learn better by themselves than with a

teacher. Others think that it is always better to have a teacher. Which do

you prefer? Use specific reasons to develop your essay.

1. What are some important qualities of a good supervisor (boss)? Use
2. specific details and examples to explain why these qualities are
3. important.
4. Should governments spend more money on improving roads and
5. highways, or should governments spend more money on improving public

transportation (buses, trains, subways)? Why? Use specific reasons and

details to develop your essay.

It is better for children to grow up in the countryside than in a big

city. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to

develop your essay.

In general, people are living longer now. Discuss the causes of this

phenomenon. Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay.

• We all work or will work in our jobs with many different kinds of
• people. In your opinion, what are some important characteristics of
• a co-worker (someone you work closely with)? Use reasons and
• specific examples to explain why these characteristics are important.
• In some countries, teenagers have jobs while they are still students. Do
• you think this is a good idea? Support your opinion by using specific
• reasons and details.
• A person you know is planning to move to your town or city. What

Разбор задания №40 ЕГЭ по английскому языку

Сороковое задание ЕГЭ по английскому языку представляет собой написание эссе по предложенной проблеме объемом от 200 до 250 слов, включая служебные части речи.

За это можно максимально получить 14 баллов – это задание является самым «высокоценным» из всего экзамена.

Важно помнить, что сочинение пишется в нейтральном «формальном» стиле – то есть в нем недопустимы сокращения: нужно писать не I’m, а I am, не That’s, а That is.

Теория к заданию №40 ЕГЭ по английскому языку

Давайте рассмотрим критерии оценки задания:

К1 – «решение коммуникативной задачи». Под этой формулировкой подразумевается верный отбор материала, соответствие написанного теме, использование нужного типа речи. Если в сочинении отражены все указанные в задании моменты и соблюдается нужный стиль речи – можно получить 3 балла.

При наличии некоторых нарушений стиля речи и неполном раскрытии аспектов задания присуждают 2 балла, а при частых речевых ошибках и отражении не всех аспектов – 1.

Если же содержание работы не связано с указанными в тексте задания аспектами, или же написано меньше 200 слов, или более 30% сочинения совпадает с иными работами или опубликованным источником, ученик получает по этому критерию 0 баллов. Если за критерий К1 стоит 0 баллов, работа в дальнейшем не проверяется.

К2 – «организация текста». При проверке сочинения по этому критерию эксперт обращает внимание на связность текста, верное применение союзов, вводных слов, деления на абзацы.

В случае, если выпускник в своем сочинении соблюдает структуру предложенного в задании плана, правильно разделяет текст на абзацы и использует средства логической связи – он получает 3 балла. При наличии некоторых отклонений от плана и недочетов в логической связи и абзацном членении – 2.

Если же присутствуют значительные отклонения от плана, ошибки в использовании средств логической связи довольно многочисленны, и текст не разделен на абзацы – 1. Если план не соблюдается совсем и логика в работе отсутствует – 0 баллов.

В сочинении по английскому обязательно использовать вводные слова:

При постановке проблемы, например:

• Nowadays people are getting more and more concerned about
• There are those who say that
• Some people are convinced that
• Lots of people believe that
• Today it is generally agreed that

Для выражения собственного мнения, например:

• In my opinion
• I think that
• As far as I am concerned
• My personal view is that

В основной части работы, например:

• For example/ for instance
• To begin with
• On the one hand/on the other hand
• Moreover
• Besides
• Furthermore
• Nevertheless
• Firstly/Secondly

В заключении, например:

• In conclusion, I want to say once more that
• In summary, I believe that
• In conclusion, it should be noted that although
• All in all, I strongly believe that

К3 – «лексика». Проверяется правильность выбора слов и употребления их в контексте, объем словарного запаса. 3 балла дают при использовании разнообразной лексики без значительных нарушений ее применения.

2 балла можно получить, если допустить 2-3 неточности в употреблении слов. При ограниченном словарном запасе и часто встречающихся ошибках не стоит рассчитывать больше чем на 1 балл.

0 баллов ставят тем выпускникам, словарный запас которых крайне ограничен.

К4 – «грамматика». Здесь эксперты проверяют правильность выбора грамматических конструкций в соответствии с целью высказывания, а также их сложность.

При наличии 1-2 негрубых грамматических ошибок или их полном отсутствии ставят 3 балла. Если допущено 3-4 ошибки, которые не затрудняют понимание текста – 2.

В том случае, если допущено 5-6 небольших ошибок, либо несколько грубых – дают 1 балл. Если ошибки сильно мешают пониманию текста – 0.

К5 – «орфография и пунктуация». Если ошибок в орфографии нет, и текст верно разделен на предложения, грамотно оформленные пунктуационно – присуждают 2 балла. 1 балл можно получить при наличии не более 4 орфографических и/или пунктуационных ошибок. Если правила орфографии и пунктуации не соблюдаются, поставят 0 баллов.

Разбор типового варианта задания №40 ЕГЭ по английскому языку

Comment on the following statement: Many people enjoy watching television. However, some people believe it can be harmful. What is your opinion? Write 200–250 words. Use the following plan:

• make an introduction (state the problem)
• express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion
• express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing opinion
• explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
• make a conclusion restating your position

Пример хорошего сочинения (пояснения ниже ???? )

Nowadays lots of people prefer spending their free time in front of a TV-screen. They say that this activity is interesting and enjoyable. But others think that watching television might damage people’s health.

From my point of view, choosing watching television as a main way of time-spending can be harmful. Firstly, our eyesight suffers from looking at the screen for a long time. Secondly, it is also not very good for our body at all to sit all day in the office and then come home in the evening and again sit in front of the TV. People need to move to be healthy.

However, some people claim that this hobby not only helps them relax after working days, but also gives them an opportunity to know a lot of new information from the educational TV-programs.

I am afraid I can not agree with their opinion. I think that television is not the only possible way of getting new knowledge and definitely not the best one. You can know about some interesting things from reading as well. I think it is better because you can read not only at home but also somewhere in the open air and it is much better for your health.

In conclusion, I want to stress once again that it is not good for people to watch TV a lot. Although it is very interesting for some people, there are lots of other good leisure activities.

В нашем сочинении получилось 241 слово. Мы делим его на абзацы согласно плану – их пять, ровно как и пунктов плана; это самый удобный способ абзацного членения сочинения. В каждом абзаце встречаются вводные слова.

На экзамене важно сосредоточиться на предложенной проблеме – в отличие от некоторых других дисциплин, ЕГЭ по английскому не предусматривает выбор темы для сочинения. Можно набросать на листочке примерные варианты аргументов за и против.

Конечно, нужно готовиться к сочинению заранее – искать темы в экзаменационных вариантах и тренироваться писать, подбирая различные аргументы для обеих точек зрения – хоть темы довольно приближены к жизни, иногда придумать и сформулировать их бывает трудно.

Заблаговременная подготовка поможет не только набить руку, но и выработать свой стиль и некий план работы, что значительно облегчит процесс ее написания на экзамене.

Эссе «за и против» по английскому. Структура, советы по написанию

Существует несколько разновидностей эссе, которые пишутся в рамках заданий или экзаменов по английскому языку. Все они имеют общие особенности, которые мы уже подробно рассмотрели в статье «Как писать эссе по английскому. Виды эссе«. В этой статье я расскажу вам о специфике эссе «за и против» по английскому языку (For and Against Essay).

Ниже вы найдёте всё необходимое, чтобы правильно написать эссе «за и против» на английском языке. Мы рассмотрим, что представляет собой эссе «за и против», разберём его характерные черты и структуру, а также я дам несколько советов по написанию эссе. А в этой статье вы найдёте пример эссе за и против на английском языке.

[toc]

Что такое эссе «за и против» (For and Against Essay)?

Эссе «за и против» по английскому

  Балет Дон Кихот: краткое содержание, отзывы

– один из наиболее распространённых типов эссе, и он же является одним из самых сложных.

В таком эссе вы должны будете рассмотреть некоторое явление окружающего мира и проанализировать его положительные и отрицательные стороны. Особую сложность представляет то, что вы должны быть объективны в рассмотрении вопроса.

И аргументы «за», и аргументы «против» в таком эссе должны быть примерно равноценны, и их должно быть равное или, по крайней мере, сопоставимое количество.

Ваше личное отношение к вопросу вы можете высказать только в заключении, и желательно, чтобы оно не просматривалось в основной части эссе.

Важно также включать и те аргументы, которые вы сами не считаете вескими или верными, но считают таковыми другие люди. В таком случае, вы можете их оспорить, но делать это необходимо, приводя объективные доводы или данные.

Напрямую выражать своё несогласие не стоит – для этого есть эссе-мнение (Opinion Essay).

Структура эссе «за и против» по английскому

Эссе «за и против»

пишется по тому жеплану , что и остальные эссе, и состоит из заголовка, введения, основной части и заключения. Основное отличие эссе такого рода от всех прочих – в основной части или «теле» эссе, которое может быть двух видов. Ниже мы рассмотрим, каковы особенности каждого элемента структуры эссе «за и против».

Заголовок

В заголовке содержится тема эссе, поэтому он обычно называет явление, которое нужно будет в нём рассмотреть.

Нередко по заголовку видно, что от пишущего ожидается именно эссе «за и против», – например, используются выражения «the pros and cons of», «advantages and disadvantages of» («положительные и отрицательные стороны», «достоинства и недостатки»), как в темах «The Pros and Cons of Wearing a School Uniform» или «Advantages and Disadvantages of a Mandatory Retirement».

В других случаях заголовок оформлен в виде вопроса, на основе которого можно написать как эссе «за и против», так и эссе-мнение. Вам необходимо выяснить заранее, требуется ли от вас какой-то конкретный из этих двух видов эссе, или вы можете написать любое. Примерами таких заголовков могут служить «Should Sport Hunting be Banned?» или «Should Kids under the Age of 13 Have a Phone?»

Введение

Введение эссе «за и против» по английскому языку пишется точно так же, как и введение любого другого эссе. В нём вы называете явление, достоинства и недостатки которого будете рассматривать, и даёте немного информации о том, что оно собой представляет. Также во введении можно вкратце изложить план основной части.

Основная часть

В основной части эссе «за и против» вы должны расписать положительные и отрицательные стороны явления, которому посвящено эссе, и привести аргументы «за и против». Сделать это можно двумя способами.

Первый способ, наиболее распространённый – разделить «тело» эссе на две части. Одна из частей будет посвящена достоинствам явления, другая – его недостаткам. Каждая из частей в таком случае начинается с нового абзаца; их, в свою очередь, можно делить на ещё более мелкие абзацы, если того требует композиция эссе.

Второй способ – рассмотреть вопрос по нескольким аспектам и для каждого аспекта привести довод(ы) «за» и довод(ы) «против», поместив их друг рядом с другом в виде противопоставления. Этот способ хорош для тем, которые можно разбить на несколько более узких подтем.

Например, если перед вами стоит задача проанализировать, можно ли использовать животных для развлечения, можно отдельно разобрать виды развлечений, в которых используются животные (фильмы с участием животных-актёров, содержание в зоопарках, цирковые выступления, конный спорт и т. д.), и привести аргументы по каждому из них.

В таком случае, каждая новая подтема потребует нового абзаца.

Заключение

Заключение эссе «за и против» по английскому бывает двух типов, которые, впрочем, можно сочетать друг с другом:

1. В заключении первого типа вы взвешиваете приведённые доводы «за» и «против» и выносите вердикт, какие из них кажутся вам более вескими. Здесь вы можете выразить своё личное мнение, указав точку зрения по рассмотренному вопросу, которой придерживаетесь.
2. В заключении второго типа вы подводите итог, вкратце перечисляя ключевые аргументы, прозвучавшие в «теле» эссе. В таком случае вы не останавливаетесь ни на одной из позиций, оставляя вопрос открытым, и остаётесь беспристрастными до самого конца.

Помните, что заключения эссе «за и против» касается и всё то, что справедливо для заключения любого другого эссе. В частности, оно может сжато переформулировать то, что прозвучало выше, но не должно ничто из этого повторять дословно. Также заключение не должно вводить новые идеи и расширять или сужать тему, заданную изначально.

Sample еssay — ЕГЭ (Intermediate)

• Some parent think that having a computer at home means that children waste their time on social networking and playing computer games .
• I agree
• with this statement.

  Человек и природа в цикле «Записки охотника Тургенева

Firstly

, children can’tcontrol the time they spend in front of the computer. Besides that. parents often can’t control how much time their children spend in front of the computer because they are at work while their children play computer games. As for me, I am 16 years old and I am not a child. But sometimes I myself spend too much time surfing the net and playing computer games.

1. Secondly,
2. bad influence
3. don’t go out
4. real relationship

№ Topics of Essays in English Life of people / society / family / money / laws 1. Life in a big city / life in the country 2. Modern and old life — quietness/ more opportunities 3. Men withstand age better than women and remain attractive longer 4. «Man is born for happiness» / «The only one is worthy for happiness and freedom, who struggles for them every day» 5. Family is the most important thing in life. 6. Only talented people can achieve success / hard work compensates for the lack of talent 7. Money — happiness and joy / a source of trouble 8. Money — the only way to success 9. Families with 1 child (nuclear family) / life in a big (extended) family 10. Cloning experiments 11. Freedom of press — achievements of democracy / journalistic mistakes 12. Holiday celebrations — enjoyment / just a day-off 13. Preparing for holidays is more fun than celebrating them. 14. The best holidays are those which have got special traditions of celebration 15. A person can have only 1 true friend 16. Life — long friendship exists only in films. 17. Sending to prison — the only way of punishment 18. Death penalty — an appropriate punishment for murderers 19. Appearances are deceitful 20. Coins and paper money / credit and bank cards 21. Famous pop and sports stars earn too much money. 22. A popular actor’s life is always fun. 23. Honesty is the best policy. 24. The best things in life are free. Life of young people 1. Modern teens — awful / criticized for no reason 2. Being young — fun and entertainment / not easy 3. Childhood is the safest period of human life. 4. In Europe children begin an independent life at 18… 5. Part-time jobs for teens 6. Pocket money — teaches to be responsible / parents should buy everything 7. Giving extra pocket money for good marks 8. Young people are not as healthy as 50 years ago 9. Youth contacts / students’ exchange programs 10. Subcultures 12. It is easier to make friends than to keep them. 12. Friendship /love is the most important thing in life. 13. Circus is the best entertainment for children. Education / school / teachers 1. Education is compulsory, school is not 2. Future education — books / computers 3. Good education — at home /abroad 4. On-line education — good / bad 5. All subjects at school are equally useful 6. Homework — too much , no time to do it properly 7. School uniforms 8. Pupils should take part in making decisions about school problems / too young 9. School trips — interesting and educational / waste of time 10. Teachers — noble / not as respected as it used to be 11. Teachers — knowledgeable / make teaching enjoyable and fun 12. Are exams a fair way of testing students? 13. Boys and girls should study separately 14. Is it better to have a 5-day or a 6-day week at school? 15. Producing a school magazine — develops creativity, teaches different skills / waste of time 16. School classmates make the best friends 17. School friendship can’t last forever. 18. Students do not study enough modern authors and literature. 19. Education polishes good natures and corrects bad ones. 20. A University degree is a must for success in modern world. Learning foreign languages 1. Learning foreign languages — a waste of time 2. Learning foreign languages — abroad or at home 3. To learn only English or 2-3 languages 4. Entertaining way of learning a foreign language — to learn words of songs/lyrics 5. 1 language on the planet — it is good / a disaster 6. Russian is easier to learn than English. Choosing a career 1. Choosing a career — following in one’s parents’ footsteps 2. Some teens want to have a highly paid job /others — interesting and bringing satisfaction 3. After leaving school — education or work / gap year 4. Some people think that success in life is making a career only. 5. Some people don’t like to have a working day from 9 to 5. 6. Work is the most important thing in life.
Technology (TV / mobiles / cars / bikes / computers / space) 1. Cars changed the world / it’s better without them 2. Cars should be banned in the centre of big cities 3. Bikes should be banned in the centre of big cities 4. People spend too much money on space exploration 5. UFOs — claim to have seen them / sci-fi 6. Technology — an important part of our lives / too many machines 7. Technical devices do more harm than good 8. Computers- help better education / only playing games 9. Computer games — children+ / parents — (teach nothing , children should avoid them) 10. Computer — physical activity 11. Virtual reality — a part of our life / dangerous 12. TV — negative effect on people’s health 13. TV destroys family life / enriches it 14. Children watch too much TV 15. Soap operas 16. Reality shows 17. TV advertising 18. Internet / social networking is the most popular way of communication Sports / Health 1. Sport — enjoyable / not useful 2. Doing sports regularly / watch sports events 3. Extreme sports help to build a character / very dangerous 4. Professional sports 5. Olympic Games — pro and contra 6. Dieting — the only way of losing weight 7. Eating out / at home 8. Genetically modified food 9. Exotic diets 10. Fast food / McDonalds 11. Smoking 12. Sport unites. 13. Sport reduces stress. 14. Health is the most important thing in life. 15. It’s beneficial to host international sports events. Hobbies / fashion 1. Collecting things 2. Collection of photo albums / to store photos in a computer 3. To knit or not to knit? 4. How music influences us? 5. Music helps to avoid stress / distracts from daily routine. 6. Writing letters 7. Books / film version 8. Reading detectives — a waste of time? 9. Reading adventure stories — a waste of time? 10. Some people think that we do not need poetry 11. Graffiti — a form of art / vandalism 12. Cinema / theatre 13. Clothes affects how you feel / don’t care how you look 14. Fashion industry exists to persuade people to spend money on things you really don’t need 15. Sewing and knitting clothes home is a waste of time and money 16. Clothes that people wear influences their behavior 17. Following a fashion is a waste of time and money. 18. Bookshops / libraries will soon be the sign of the past. Tourism / Travelling 1. Tourism broadens our mind 2. Tourism ruins everything 3. Travelling — experience new things / lie on the beach 4. International / domestic tourism 5. Why young people like travelling more than senior citizens 6. Buying souvenirs is a waste of money. 7. Cultural differences cause problems, it’s better to stay in one’s own country 8. Tourism abroad helps to understand your own country. 9. Visiting museums is still important nowadays. Environment / Animals 1. Our future will be… — optimistic / pessimistic point of view 2. Climate changes — serious concern / not a big deal 3. Zoos for animals — fair or not 4. Experiments on animals — cruel and unnecessary 5. Neglected animals — life in the streets / to be collected and put into shelters 6. Pet animals — to keep / not to keep 7. Pets reduce stress 8. Pollution is the greatest problem caused by people. 9. Growth of cities / technical progress is harmful for the environment.

У многих ребят возникли сложности с написанием эссе на данную тему.

BOOKS ARE STILL A BETTER SOURCE OF INFORMATION THAN THE INTERNET

ПЕРИФРАЗ	Getting knowledge from books is said to be more beneficial than surfing the Internet.
АРГУМЕНТЫ «ЗА»	– Traditional books are more trustworthy than online media because they are usually written by specialists, whereas articles on the Internet can be published by anyone, and they may contain unverified information; – It is easier to use paper books, as they do not need electricity, and one can read them without the necessity to be connected to the Internet.
АРГУМЕНТЫ «ПРОТИВ»	However, some people doubt the advantages of books over the Internet resources, claiming that in the 21st century traditional books are becoming outdated. Their argument is books’ inconvenience in usage: they are heavy and take a lot of space. To get information from a website you just need any electronic device with the Internet connection.
КОНТРАРГУМЕНТ	Though books have some drawbacks, such as their larger size and weight compared to modern gadgets, they have one unquestionable advantage – their simplicity to use and independence from other devices. All you have to do is open a book and find the information you need.

Для тех, кто хочет максимально эффективно подготовиться к ЕГЭ по английскому языку актуальные материалы на 2022 год (с учетом изменений в ЕГЭ):

НОВЫЙ ФОРМАТ ЕГЭ-2022!

Методичка “Письменная часть ЕГЭ-2022: задания 39 и 40”

Методичка: “Словообразование для ЕГЭ и ОГЭ”

Методичка: “Фразовые глаголы”

Репетитор

Удачи на экзамене!

Предлагаю Вашему вниманию список действительных тем, по которым ребята писали эссе на ЕГЭ по английскому языку в 2021 году.

Темы основного периода:

1. Hobbies distract from school.
2. Everyone can contribute to environmental protection.
3. The digital era will soon make some jobs unnecessary.
4. Online classes are more effective than traditional ones.
5. Books are still a better source of information than the Internet.
6. To be happy a teenager needs understanding parents.
7. To be happy one needs good friends.
8. To be happy one needs an interesting hobby.
9. To be happy one needs a lot of money.
10. To be happy one needs an interesting job.

Для тех, кто хочет максимально эффективно подготовиться к ЕГЭ по английскому языку актуальные материалы на 2022 год (с учетом изменений в ЕГЭ):

НОВЫЙ ФОРМАТ ЕГЭ-2022!

Методичка “Письменная часть ЕГЭ-2022: задания 39 и 40”

Методичка: “Словообразование для ЕГЭ и ОГЭ”

Методичка: “Фразовые глаголы”

Репетитор

Удачи на экзамене!

Предлагаю Вашему вниманию список действительных тем, по которым ребята писали эссе на ЕГЭ по английскому языку в 2020 году.

Темы основного периода:

1. Foreign language is the most important school subject.
2. History is the most important school subject.
3. Literature is the most important school subject.
4. Physical training is the most important school subject.
5. Information technology is the most important school subject.
6. To be healthy, it is enough to eat healthy food.
7. It is better to travel alone.
8. Family traditions help to cross the generation gap.
9. It is good to have brothers and sisters.
10. It is good to live in a big family.

Темы досрочного периода:

1. The Internet is the greatest invention of the 21st century.
2. Fast food is the greatest invention of the 21st century.
3. Modern teenagers are not interested in art.
4. Friends are people to have fun with.
5. The key to solving traffic problems is in a better public transport system.

Для тех, кто хочет максимально эффективно подготовиться к ЕГЭ по английскому языку:

Методичка: “Примерные темы и аргументы для эссе (с лексикой)”

Методичка: “Фразовые глаголы”

Курс эссе

Репетитор

Удачи на экзамене!

07. Virtual Internet communication results in losing real-life social skills.

02. A Difficult life situation is an opportunity to learn something or cruel fate?

05. Many students go on school trips. Some people say they are interesting and educational

01.Some people think that we should explore space and visit other planets

07.Some people think that pupils should be involved in decisions about their school and should…

02. Digital literacy is the key to success in any occupation.

06. Friendship is the greatest gift of life.

01.Chinese will replace English as an international language. This is inevitable as China has the biggest population…

08.Do you agree or disagree? «Television has hindered peoples ability to communicate with one another”. (mp3)

04.Some people say that the inventions of email and text messaging have been wonderful for …

01.In many countries, reality TV shows about the lives and behaviour of ordinary people have …

8. It’s easier to make friends than to keep them.

5. Some people think that life-long friendship exists only in books and films. Others believe that…

3. Our grandparents say their way of life was much more secure. However, young people have many…

02.It’s better to make a present yourself than to buy it. (mp3)

04.The most important thing in life is love.

02.The most important thing in life is family.

01.It’s easier to make friends than to keep them.

10.The most important thing in life is family.

11.The most important thing in life is friendship.

12.The most important thing in life is love.

08.School classmates make the best friends.

07.It’s easier to make friends than to keep them.

01.Life-long friendship exists only in books and films.

19.The Internet has become one of the most popular ways of communication. However, is it …

10.Lots of people would like to have one language on our planet. However, scientists think …

02.Lots of teens believe that it’s important to look nice. However, adults often think …

03.Lots of people enjoy celebrating holidays. However, for some people a holiday is just  …

05.Some people enjoy living in big cities whereas others find such a lifestyle really harmful

09.It is better to go to university far away from your home-town than to continue living with your parents.

08.There are more disadvantages than advantages in living in the city.

25. Sport unites people.

26. The most important thing in life is family.

27. There are more disadvantages than advantages in living in a big city.

28. Social media interaction is important for modern teenagers.

29. The best holidays and festivals are those with specific traditions for celebrating.

30. The most important thing in life is love.

36. Public libraries are becoming less popular and they will soon disappear.

37. Traveling abroad helps to understand your own country.

38. You can have only one true friend.

40. Robots in peoples’ life.

20. It’s easier to make friends than to keep them.
21. Space exploration was the greatest achievement of the 20th century.
22. School classmates make the best friends.

31.Honesty is the best policy.

Здесь собраны темы для эссе по английскому языку для ЕГЭ (задание 40 письменной части) представленные на сайте ФИПИ.

Communication & Personality

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Education

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Environment

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Family & Children

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Fashion

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Food & Diets

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Housing

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Leisure

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Sport

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Technology

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Traditions & Customs

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Work

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Еще больше тем для эссе (задание 40 письменной части ЕГЭ):

The future of education – books or computers?

Lots of teens believe it’s important to look nice. However, adults often think that young people pay too much attention to their appearance and fashion.

Lots of people enjoy celebrating holidays. However, for some people a holiday is just a day off.

Lots of teenager are keen on playing computer games. However, adults are sure that computer games teach us nothing and young people should avoid them.

Some people enjoy living in big cities whereas others find such a lifestyle really harmful.

Extreme sports have taken off in a big way over the last twenty years. However quite a few people object to these dangerous sports, highlighting the risk of accident.

In recent years, tourism has really taken off. However, many people think that tourism ruins everything it touches.

Lots of people enjoy different sports. However, there are people who think that sport is not really useful.

Some people think that graffiti is another form of expressing art whereas others consider it to be pure vandalism.

Lots of people would like to have one language on our planet. However, scientists think that having only one language is a disaster.

Only people who earn a lot of money are successful.

Travel broadens the mind.

Today some scientists claim that cloning experiments should not be subject to government scrutiny.

Fast food is very popular among teenagers. However, many experts consider fast food harmful to our health.

Some teenagers dream of becoming rich whereas others consider it to be rather dangerous.

It is believed that young people today are not as healthy as they were fifty years ago.

Some people believe that modern teenagers are really awful. However, most teenagers think that they are criticized for no reason.

Exams are a fair way of testing students.

The internet has become one of the most popular ways of communication. However, is it really as good as it seems to be?

Some teenagers would like to have a highly paid job; others believe that their future job should be interesting and bring satisfaction.

Some people are sure that sending to prison is the only way to punish criminals. However, a lot of people believe there are far more effective punishments for criminals than prison.

It is common practice to study a foreign language at school in our country. However, many people think that the best way to learn it is to speak with native speakers.

Is it fair to keep animals in zoos?

Some families have an only child; others choose to have two, three or more children.

TV viewing is one of the most popular leisure pastimes among children. However, many parents believe that their children watch too much TV.

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Навигация по вариантам Task 37

Тренировочные варианты (1 – 35) составлены в формате демоверсии ЕГЭ-2023.

Variant 1
shopping

Variant 2
books

Variant 3
board games

Variant 4
eating out

Variant 5
music

Variant 6
plastic waste

Variant 7
household chores

Variant 8
hobbies

Variant 9
clothes

Variant 10
environmental problems

Variant 11
the Internet

Variant 12
jobs

Variant 13
the weather

Variant 14
reading habits

Variant 15
volunteering

Variant 16
exams

Variant 17
video games

Variant 18
foreign languages

Variant 19
siblings

Variant 20
distractions

Variant 21
dog clothes

Variant 22
jobs for teens

Variant 23
e-learning

Variant 24
environmental issues

Variant 25
after-school activities

Variant 26
online friendships

Variant 27
social media

Variant 28
volunteering

Variant 29
a gap year

Variant 30
contests and competitions

Variant 31
cooking

Variant 32
modern translation technologies

Variant 33
travelling

Variant 34
generation gap

Variant 35
grandparents