Tenses английский егэ - Помощь в подготовке к экзаменам и поступлению

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Упражнения по грамматике в формате ЕГЭ

PASSIVE OR ACTIVE

1	Nick __________ to Moscow next week.	SEND
2	I ________ at the lesson yesterday.	ASK
3	At the station they will ________ by a man from the travel agency.	MEET
4	At the station they ___________ a man from the travel agency.	MEET
5	Thousands of houses __________ during the great fire of London.	DESTROY
6	The porter ____________ your luggage to your room in some minutes.	BRING
7	Your luggage ____________ up in the lift in some minutes.	BRING
8	The little boat ________ out to sea.	CARRY
9	You __________ me this book long ago.	PROMISE
10	Everybody _________ to the lecturer with great attention.	LISTEN
11	Yesterday he ___________ to prepare a speech.	TELL
12	It seems to me that music _________ from the next room.	HEAR
13	We ________ Zhukovsky the father of Russian aviation.	CALL
14	The answer to this question can ________ in the encyclopedia.	FIND
15	A taxi __________ fifteen minutes ago, so we are expecting it any moment.	CALL
16	The hall ____________ for the party just now.	DECORATE
17	This new dictionary __________ everywhere now.	SELL
18	He said that Grandmother’s letters _____________ the day before.	RECEIVE
19	Two new engineers _________ just to the head of the department.	INTRODUCE
20	I am sure I _________ at the lesson tomorrow.	ASK
21	One of my friends ________ me to the cinema last week.	TAKE
22	The newspaper said that an interesting exhibition _________ at the Hermitage the next week.	OPEN
23	They __________ excellent shelters for tourists in these mountains.	BUILD
24	Somebody ___________ the door and after some time coffee ___________.	OPEN, BRING
25	Sue _________ to have complete rest after her heart attack and her mother _________ to send her to Sochi for three months.	ORDER, DECIDE
26	Those young mothers ________ after their babies with great care.	LOOK
27	Bessie’s father ________ her a complete set of Walter Scott’s works for her last birthday.	GIVE
28	Don’t worry, everything will be all right; the children _______ to the theatre by the teacher and they________ back to school in the evening.	TAKE, BRING
29	This mountain _______ never before.	CLIMB
30	Invitations _______ to all the former pupils to be attend the reunion party.	SEND

ВРЕМЕНА

1	It _________ any more now.	NOT RAIN
2	It _________ too often in our area in autumn.	RAIN
3	Andrea Schatzman, a student from Switzerland, __________ with the Connor family in San Francisco.	LIVE
4	She _________ for you for an hour already.	WAIT
5	My working day usually _________ at seven.	BEGIN
6	It ______ her two hours to do her homework.	TAKE
7	Look at the sky: the clouds ______ slowly, the sun _______ from behind the clouds, it _______ warmer.	MOVE, APPEAR, GET
8	He ________ well in a hotel room, he __________ to sleep in his own bed.	NOT SLEEP, PREFER
9	You _________ to my place next Sunday?	COME
10	Kerrie ___________ coffee, she usually ___________ a cup of tea for breakfast.	NOT DRINK, HAVE
11	You ever ___________ presents?	BUY
12	They ___________ in the garden for three hours.	WORK
13	Where are children? – They _________ in the garden.	PLAY
14	They ___________ in Sochi for three years already.	LIVE
15	How long they __________ in Sochi yet?	LIVE
16	He ___________ full day.	NOT WORK
17	They ____________ at the party by 5 pm.	ARRIVE
18	Nick __________ now, he __________ his uncle in the garage.	NOT REST, HELP
19	Look! The kitten ___________ with its tail.	PLAY
20	You _________ to the members of your family every day? – Yes. But yesterday I ________ to them. I _________ very busy.	TALK, NOT TALK, BE
21	My granddad ___________ this house many years ago.	BUILD
22	Tom always ________ sandwiches for breakfast. But today he ___________ breakfast because he ___________ late.	EAT, NOT HAVE, GET UP
23	I _________ there next year because it ______ a lot of money and I can’t effort it.	NOT GO, COST
24	I __________ him since childhood.	KNOW
25	We ___________ never to Paris.	BE
26	Last Tuesday he _____ upset and ______ no idea where to go.	BE, HAVE
27	What ___________ you now? – I __________ juice.	DO, DRINK
28	When I ________ to school the day before yesterday, I ______ Mike and Pete.	GO, MEET
29	Why she ________ now? — I __________.	CRY, NOT KNOW.
30	When Henry ________ about in the forest, he ________ a bear cub.	WALK, FIND
31	When John ________ the street, he _________ and __________ his key.	CROSS, FALL, DROP
32	When I ________ home, my brother __________TV.	COME, WATCH.
33	While Sue ___________ potatoes for soup, her mum _________ onion and carrots.	PEEL, CHOP
34	We usually _________ the floor in our flat on Friday.	WASH
35	We ___________ the floor yesterday.	WASH
36	We ____________the floor today.	WASH
37	We ____________ the floor for an hour already.	WASH
38	Recently we ____________ our flat.	RENEW
39	He always ___________ an honest man.	BE
40	He _______ at the computer the whole day yesterday.	SIT

INDIRECT SPEECH

1	We didn’t know where our friends _______ every evening.	GO
2	We found out that she _______ home at eight o’clock every evening.	LEAVE
3	We found out that she _________ home at eight o’clock yesterday.	LEAVE
4	She told that she ________ for London next week.	LEAVE
5	When he learnt that his son always _______ excellent marks in all the subjects at school, he was very pleased.	RECEIVE
6	He says he _________ us the photos he took during his stay in the Caucasus.	SHOW
7	My friend asked me who __________ the piano in the sitting room.	PLAY
8	I want to know what he __________ for her birthday.	BUY
9	I thought that I _________ my work by that time.	FINISH
10	I knew they _________ for me at the station and I decided to hurry.	WAIT
11	They say they _________ a letter when they return home.	WRITE
12	Nick says he ____________ to the hotel to see his friends who ____________ in St Petersburg from the US.	GO, ARRIVE
13	They realized that they ___________ their way in the dark.	LOSE
14	She said she _________ not tell me the right time, her watch _______ wrong.	CAN, BE
15	The delegates were told that the guide just _________ out and ______ back in ten minutes.	GO, BE
16	He understood that the soldiers _________ him.	ARREST
17	Julian asked if they ________ the sick man to the hospital yet.	TAKE
18	John asked Mary if she _________ afraid of thunderstorm.	BE
19	Nick wanted to know if Helen __________ him her book.	GIVE
20	When I __________ home, my mother told me that a friend of mine _______ on me half an hour before.	COME, CALL
21	He told me that he _________ that watch the day before.	BUY
22	Mike says he __________ Dickens’ novels very much.	LIKE
23	Mike said he __________ Dickens’ novels very much.	LIKE
24	Mike said that he __________ Dickens’ novels very much when he studied at university.	LIKE
25	Mike was sure that I ___________ Dickens’ novels if I read them.	LIKE
26	He told me that he ________ able to ring me up because he _________ my number.	NOT BE, NOT HAVE
27	He said that he ________ a sport club last week.	JOIN
28	He asked his friend if he often ___________ to England.	GO
29	I’d like to know if they __________ in London till Sunday.	STAY
30	He tells us that he __________ Sue today.	SEE

ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫЕ

1	The weather today is __________ than yesterday.	BAD
2	This week I feel ___________ than last week.	WELL
3	London is ___________ than Paris.	BIG
4	Some people are ____________ than the others.	HONEST
5	Ted is the ____________ pupil in their class.	BAD
6	Today is the ____________ day in Sue’s life.	HAPPY
7	She has the _______________ voice of all contest participants.	BEAUTIFUL
8	In the city the rivers are __________ than in the country.	DIRTY
9	This year he studies ____________ at school than last year.	GOOD
10	That was his ______________ project.	SUCCSESSFUL
11	I will go by metro. It is ________________ than the car for a big city.	COMFORTABLE
12	It is said that girls are _____________ than boys.	CLEVER
13	The air in the morning is ____________ than in the daytime.	COOL
14	I am going to put on the _____________ dress I have in my wardrobe for the party tomorrow.	ELLEGANT
15	The _____________ information you can get next at our next meeting.	FAR
16	Physics is not as _____________ as chemistry for him.	HARD
17	I’d like to see your ____________ result.	GOOD
17	Chris is not as ______________ as his younger brother.	SERIOUS
18	This year we have ____________ fruit in our garden than last year.	LITTLE
19	August is the _____________ summer month in our area.	HOT
20	Pushkin is the _____________ Russian poet.	FAMOUS

Источник

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Теория ЕГЭ
Английский язык — теория ЕГЭ
Таблица времён английского языка — ЕГЭ по английскому языку

Таблица времён английского языка — ЕГЭ по английскому языку

01.08.2014

Подробная таблица всех времён английского языка.

Очень полезный материал для тщательного и глубокого изучения английского языка, а так же полезный материал для тех, кто готовится к сдаче ЕГЭ по английскому языку.

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+1

#1
Сергей
20.12.2016 12:09

К указанной таблице я бы порекомендовал эти два видео объясняющие времена в наглядной и простой форме.

youtu.be/1TvYPBYpLHY
youtu.be/sUR_fRgqk9Q

Надеюсь будет полезно

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Источник

Муниципальное бюджетное образовательное учреждение

«Калмыцкая национальная гимназия им. Кичикова А.Ш.»

Сборник грамматических упражнений

по подготовке

к Единому государственному экзамену

по английскому языку

Составитель:

Аджаева Валентина Мучаевна,

учитель английского языка

Высшая квалификационная категория

Элиста

2015

1. Present Tenses

Use of Present Simple Tense
Use of Present Continuous Tense
Use of State and Activity Verbs
Grammar exercises (Present Simple and Present Continuous)
Use of Present Perfect Tense
Use of Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Grammar exercises (All Present Tenses)

2. Past Tenses

2.1. Use of Past Simple Tense

2.2. Grammar exercises (Past Simple and Present Perfect)

2.2. Use of Past Continuous Tense

2.3. Use of Past Perfect Tense

2.5. Use of Past Perfect Continuous Tense

2.6. Grammar exercises (All Past Tenses)

3. Future Tenses

3.1. Use of Future Simple Tense

3.2. Use of Future Continuous Tense

3.3 Use of Future Perfect Tense

3.4. Use of Future Perfect Continuous Tense

3.5. Use of Going to — Future

3.6. Grammar exercises (All Future Tenses)

4. Conditionals

Grammar exercises

5. Passive Voice

5.1. Table of the verbs

5.2. Grammar exercises

6. Reported Speech

6.1. Table of the verbs

6.2. Grammar exercises

7. Gerund and Infinitive

7.1. List Table of the verbs

7.2. Grammar exercises

8. Articles

8.1. Grammar exercises

9. Miscellaneous

9.1. Grammar and Vocabulary exercises

Present Tenses

1.1Present Simple Tense is used for permanent situations;

for repeated actions in the present;

for facts which are permanently true;

for timetables or programs.

Adverbs of frequency: every day, often, always, sometimes, never, rarely, seldom 1.2. Present Continuous Tense is used for temporary situations; for actions happening at or around the time of speaking; for fixed arrangements in the near future. Am/is/are+ Ving Adverbs of frequency: now, at the moment, at present, Look! Listen!

1.3. Use of State and Activity Verbs

There are verbs that are not normally used in the Continuous Tense, because they describe rather state than an action. They are called state verb (non-progressive verbs). The verbs that can be used in the Continuous Tense are called action verbs (dynamic verbs).

State Verb List

look (seem), love, matter, mean, measure, mind, need, owe, own, possess, promise, realize, recognize, remember, resemble, satisfy, see, smell, sound, adore, agree, appear (seem), appreciate, be (exist), believe, belong to, concern, consist of, contain, cost, deny, depend on, deserve, detest, disagree, dislike, doubt, equal, feel, hate, have (possession), hear, imagine, include, involve, know, lack, like, loathe, suppose, surprise, taste, think (opinion), understand, want, weigh, wish.

There are some verbs that can be both state and action verbs depending on their meaning.

Have, be, see, taste, smell, think, weigh, feel, look

1.4. Grammar exercises (Present Simple and Present Continuous)

Task 1

Put the verbs into the present simple and present continuous.

Hurry up! The train (leave). I (not want) to miss it.
My friend (not belong) to the theatre society.
The Neva River (flow) into the Baltic Sea. It (flow) very slow today — slower than usual.
You can (borrow) my car, I (not drive) this week.
My granny usually (grow) flower in the garden but this year she (grow) vegetables.
Ken is in Paris and he (stay) at the Hilton hotel but usually he (stay) with his friends.
This soup (taste) terrible. I think I forgot to put the salt in it.
The kids (make) lots of noise, because Sarah is having a party.
Sorry, but I (not understand) what you are talking about.
Would you like some coffee? Yes, please, I (like) it much.

Task 2

Put the verbs into the present simple and present continuous.

This train (not arrive) at 9 o’clock.
I (to visit) a doctor tomorrow morning.
Kate (not know) English very well. She (to want) to know it better.
I can’t play the guitar but I (to learn) it now.
Kurt (live) very far from school but he (to be) never late.
The river (to flow) very fast today. It usually (flow) slower.
His mother is worried because the number of his poor marks (to increase).
Hurry! The bus (to come) and I (not want) to miss it.
I (get) thirsty! Let’s have a drink!
Tom and James (to have) a conversation. Do not disturb them!
Housewives (to have) to work very hard.
The sun (to rise) in the east and (to set) in the west.
Can you hear? Someone (to knock) at the door?
These workers are never satisfied. They always (complain).
This dress (not fit) you anymore.
You (to look) wonderful today.
I am sorry but I (not understand) what he (to mean).
What you (to look) at?
She (to seem) to be very busy right now.
Rubbish! I (not believe) you!

Task 3

Put the verbs into the present simple and present continuous.

This soup (taste) terrible. I think I forgot to put the salt in it.
The kids (make) lots of noise, because Sarah is having a party.
Sorry, but I (not understand) what you are talking about.
If it (rain) on weekend we’ll stay at home.
Would you like some coffee? Yes, please, I (like) it much.
What are you doing? I (fill) his forehead to see if it is hot.
She (look) very pretty today in her new hair dress.
What you (look) at? The picture I painted two years ago.
I (think) about visiting my grandparents this summer.
It (look) like it’s going to snow.
What you (weigh) on the scales?
She (smell) roses in the garden now.
Shame on you! You always (come) late for school.
I (think) he is really very clever.
Will you call me as soon as you (come) home?
Can you wait? I (have) a dinner right now.
The book is big and heavy. It (weigh) too much.
She (like) the film they (watch) now.
I (not believe) him anymore.
I used to eat fat food but I (prefer) healthier food.
Everything is fixed. I (see) my boss tomorrow.
Do you understand what he (mean) now?
Everyone (know) that the climate on the Earth (get) warmer.
Do not disturb me, I (work).
Look! What they (do)?
Although I (not believe) you, I will do it.
How often she (go) to the gym?
She always (listen) to her friend’s advice.
Who he (speak) to now?
They (play) the concert next week.

Task 4

Put the verbs into the present simple and present continuous.

What are you doing? I (fill) his forehead to see if it is hot.
She (look) very pretty today in her new hairdo.
What you (look) at? The picture I painted two years ago.
She (to eat) it every day.
The climate here (to become) colder.
Your friend (not feel) well. Can you call him?
She (not go) out very often.
My granny’s hair (to get) grey.
What a noise! What you (to do) here?
Your mother (to work) in the bank?

Task 5

Put the verbs into the present simple and present continuous.

She (to eat) it every day.
The climate here (to become) colder.
Your friend (not feel) well. Can you call him?
She (not go) out very often.
My granny’s hair (to get) grey.
What a noise! What you (to do) here?
Listen! Anyone (to follow) us?
This train (not arrive) at 9 o’clock.
I (to visit) a doctor tomorrow morning.
Kate (not know) English very well. She (to want) to know it better.
I can’t play the guitar but I (to learn) it now.
Kurt (live) very far from school but he (to be) never late.
The river (to flow) very fast today. It usually (flow) slower.
His mother is worried because the number of his poor marks (to increase).
Hurry! The bus (to come) and I (not want) to miss it.
I (get) thirsty! Let’s have a drink!
Tom and James (to have) a conversation. Do not disturb them!
Housewives (to have) to work very hard.
The sun (to rise) in the east and (to set) in the west.
Can you hear? Someone (to knock) at the door?
These workers are never satisfied. They always (complain).
This dress (not fit) you anymore.
You (to look) wonderful today.
I am sorry but I (not understand) what he (to mean).
What you (to look) at?
She (to seem) to be very busy right now.
Rubbish! I (not believe) you!
Wow! The soup (to taste) delicious!
How many chapters the book (to consist) of?
Your mother (to work) in the bank?

1.5. Present Perfect Simple is used: for actions which happened at an unstated time in the past;

to express actions which have finished so recently that there is evidence in the present;

for actions which started in the past and continue up to the present;

for a past action whose time is not mentioned but it is connected with the present.

Has/have + past participle

Adverbs of frequency: just, yet, never, already, ever, so far, up to now, recently, lately, always, since, for

1.6. Present Perfect Continuous Tense is used: for actions which started in the past and continue up to the present;

for past actions of certain duration which have visible results or effect in the present;

to express irritation, anger , annoyance, explanation or criticism;

to put emphasis on duration, usually with for, since, how long.

Has/have + been + Ving

Adverbs of frequency: all day, the whole day, since, for Questions with how long

1.7. Grammar exercises (All Present Tenses)

Task 1

Put the verbs into the Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Continuous.

The company is huge. It (create) a thousand new jobs so far.
We already (learn) a lot of English words.
Who (write) this article?
We (produce) this product since the beginning of the year.
I (have) this car for 20 years and it’s as reliable as ever.
I’m afraid the company is going bankrupt. It (have) problems lately.
So, what you (do) since I last saw you? What’s new?
Now many of these questions you (manage) to get right?
I’m a little bit worried about Mike. He (act) strange.
He’s an awful driver. He (have) four accidents in the last three months.
You (send) us a price list? We need it as soon as possible.
I (try) to fix the lock for the last two hours without any success.
You (find) the book yet?
He just (do) something for us.
How long you (learn) English?

Task 2

Put the verbs into the Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect Simple, and Present Perfect Continuous.

What you just (talk) about?
We (talk) about it right now.
He just (to say) something about it.
She (to tell) them some interesting story.
He (tell) us nothing about it yet.
She has (to tell) them some stories about dogs.
We (have) two lessons today.
They (have) a meeting at the moment.
She (not speak) yet.
They already (ask) me several questions.
He already (learn) the rule.
I (write) an exercise now.
What he (do) right now? , — He (read) a newspaper.
You (read) any stories by Jack London?
What you (do) here? — I (write) a letter to my friends now.
What language you (study) at the moment?
What she (teach) them at school?
Who (teach) you to do it?
Listen! What are you (to look) for?
He (do) his task since morning, but he (not finish) it yet.

Task 3

Put the verbs into the Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect Simple, and Present Perfect Continuous.

The plane (to leave) at 5 o’clock tomorrow morning.
They (to have) the cat since last year.
I (to see) my cousin next Monday.
How long you (to know) Mary Brown?
My friend (to look) for a new job at the moment.
My friend is upset because he (not find) a new job yet.
What a mess! What you (to do) with the kitchen?
The population on the planet (to grow) very fast.
I to wait) for you for an hour. Where you (to be)?
I can’t (to find) my passport. I am afraid I (to lose) it.
It’s time for them to be back. I’m afraid they (to lose) their way.
The Richards (live) here for 5 years.
You (to have) a lunch today?
How long it (to take) you to get to the office?
How often she (to go) to the Fitness Club?
He already (to type) three letters today.
She (not like) coffee.
She (not drink) coffee since she was a child.
How long he (to study) English? He is perfect at it.
Look at them! They (to play) very badly.
The fabric (to feel) like silk.
Why you (to feel) the radiator?
I just (to begin) doing my homework.
What perfume you (to smell)?
How long he (know) you?
Your hands are so dirty. What you (to do)?
Listen! What the kids (to do)?
Why you (to shout)? I am very angry with you.
I can’t visit her tomorrow. I (to have) an exam.
I’ve bought the tickets. On Sunday I (fly) to London.
The plane (to leave) at 5 o’clock tomorrow morning.
They (to have) the cat since last year.
I (to see) my cousin next Monday.
How long you (to know) Mary Brown?
Why you (smell) the flowers?

Task 4

Put the verbs into the Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect Simple, and Present Perfect Continuous.

The plane (to leave) at 5 o’clock tomorrow morning.
They (to have) the cat since last year.
I (to see) my cousin next Monday.
How long you (to know) Mary Brown?
My friend (to look) for a new job at the moment.
My friend is upset because he (not find) a new job yet.
What a mess! What you (to do) with the kitchen?
The population on the planet (to grow) very fast.
I to wait) for you for an hour. Where you (to be)?
I can’t (to find) my passport. I am afraid I (to lose) it.
It’s time for them to be back. I’m afraid they (to lose) their way.
The Richards (live) here for 5 years.
You (to have) a lunch today?
How long it (to take) you to get to the office?
How often she (to go) to the Fitness Club?
He already (to type) three letters today.
She (not like) coffee.
She (not drink) coffee since she was a child.
How long he (to study) English? He is perfect at it.
Look at them! They (to play) very badly.
The fabric (to feel) like silk.
Why you (to feel) the radiator?
I just (to begin) doing my homework.
What perfume you (to smell)?
How long he (know) you?
Your hands are so dirty. What you (to do)?
Listen! What the kids (to do)?
Why you (to shout)? I am very angry with you.
I can’t visit her tomorrow. I (to have) an exam.
I’ve bought the tickets. On Sunday I (fly) to London

2. Past Tenses

2.1. Use of Past Simple Tense

1). Action finished in the past 2). Series of completed actions in the past 3). Together with the Past Progressive/Continuous — The Simple Past interrupted an action which was in progress in the past.

4). Wishes

5). Talking about people who are not alive

Adverbs of frequency: yesterday, last week, a month ago, in 2002

2.2. Grammar Exercises (Past Simple and Present Perfect Simple)

Task 1

Put the verbs into the Past Simple and Present Perfect Simple , Present Simple

He (go) to school when he was 6.
Look at the man! You (know) him?
You (have) your lunch yet?
I (not go) to the office last week because of my illness.
You ever (be) to Paris?
We (know) each other since we (be) children.
My parents (not go) on holiday this year.
Alexander Pushkin is a famous Russian poet. He also (write) novels and stories.
What were you doing when I (call) you?
I’m busy, I still (work) on my project.
How long he (have) this dog?
Marilyn Monroe (star) in a lot of Hollywood films.
My sister (come) to visit me last week.
I (be) in the hospital before.
It (rain) a lot last summer.

Task 2

Put the verbs into the Past Simple and Present Perfect Simple

How many chapters of the book you (read) so far?
I’m really nervous. Where you (be)?
We have nothing to eat. My brother (eat) everything.
You (eat) anything today?
When she (get) home last night she was very tired.
I’m looking for my key. You (see) it?
Mary (earn) a lot of money this year.
When she (leave) for London?
I (not do) my homework yesterday.
What books you (read) recently?
Look! There (be) a fire!
He is not at home. He just (go).
You ever (drive) a car?
I (see) Mary yesterday but I (not see) her today.
When he (start) studying at university?

Task 3

Put the verbs into the Past Simple and Present Perfect Simple

(Each sentence or group of sentences contains one mistake. Find the mistake and correct it).

Did you finish that job yet? I haven’t seen the finished product.
Tom worked in our company for 10 years. He started in 2000.
They’ve lived in New York for 10 years before they moved in 1987.
I saw that film three times in my life.
How long did you have your current car? When did you buy it?
She has known Tom for fifteen years. They have met in Paris.
Jason has wanted to go to Disneyland since he has been a child.
I have gone to San Francisco in 1993. I’ve been there a total of three times.
He went to lunch but should be back soon.
The criminals have committed three crimes. The have committed the first crime at 10 p.m.

2.3. Use of Past Continuous Tense was/were + Ving

1). Actions were in progress at special time in the past 2). Two actions were happening at the same time (the actions do not influence each other) 3). Together with the Simple Past 4). Repeated actions irritating the speaker (with always, constantly, forever) Adverbs of frequency: While, when , as

2.4. Use of Past Perfect Tense had + past participle

1).When two things happen in the past, we have to mark which one happened first. 2). The past equivalent of the Present Perfect Adverbs of frequency: no unambiguous ones

2.5. Use of Past Perfect Continuous had + been + Ving

1).Something started in the past and continued up until another time in the past

2). A long action before another action in the past to show cause or effect.

Signal words

no unambiguous one

2.6. Grammar Exercises

Task 1

Put the verbs into Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect Simple, and Past Perfect Continuous.

While he (wash) a car it (start) to rain.
He (wait) for 20 minutes when he (realize) that it was the wrong café.
My Mom (cook) when I came back.
I could tell that she (cry) because her eyes were red.
The students (not finish) the project by two o’clock yesterday.
As soon as she (get) off the plane she (see) her husband.
It was very cold yesterday; a cold wind (blow) and it (rain) heavily.
What you (do) when you saw the accident?
When they (save) enough money, they (buy) a flat.
My grandfather (work) for the company for forty years before he (retire).
Mary (smile) while she (read) a letter from her friend.
How long you (study) English when you were a child?
Granny (cook) breakfast before we (wake) up.
We were tired as we (walk) for four hours.
Jim (open) a letter and (read) it.
I realized that I (watch) that film before.
I was angry because I (wait) for my sister for an hour.
They (sleep) for an hour when an alarm clock (ring).
She was very good at teaching because she (do) it for 20 years.
They (climb) for two hours before they realized it was dangerous.
They (live) here from 1990 to 1999.
When you (go) to the theatre last?
You (do) your homework by 6 o’clock yesterday?
When I tried to finish my project I realized that I (not save) the information.
I was glad because I sold a bike which I (have) for 5 years.
I came to the party after almost all the guests (leave).
You (not see) me when you were crossing the road yesterday?
When I looked out of the window yesterday morning, the ground was wet. It (rain) all night.
She was happy as she (pass) her exam.
They (not move) to London last year.

Task 2

Put the verbs into Past Tenses.

I go to the Gorgeous Body Health Club four times a week. When I 1) ….. (begin) going there I 2) ….. (be) in a terrible shape. I 3) ….. (not ever go) to a health club before and I 4) ….. (not eat) right for years. On the day I 5) ….. (join) the club), I 6) ….. (be) thirty pounds overweight and my girlfriend 7) ….. (worry) about my health for a long time. On the first day of my new exercise programme, I .8) ….. (run) a mile, 9)……(swim) twenty laps, 10) ….. (take) a half-hour exercise class and 11) ….. (sweat) in the sauna. I 12) ….. (think) I was going to die! While I 13) ….. (sweat) in the sauna, I 14) ….. (dream) about going home to an enormous sandwich, French fries, a Coke and a huge hot fudge sundae! But at that time, nobody 15) ….. (tell) me about the diet programme at the health club. I 160 ….. (change) clothes in the locker room and 17) ….. (think) about my food when my exercise instructor 18) ….. (come) up and 19) ….. (tell) me that the diet class 20) ….. (just begin) and that I 21) ….. (be) five minutes late. “Diet class?’ I 22) ….. (say), horrified. I 23) ….. (tell) him that nobody 24) ….. (mention) such a thing to me. Well, I reluctantly 25) ….. (go) over to the diet class.

Task 3

Put the verbs into Past Simple, Present Continuous, Present Simple, Past Continuous, Present Perfect.

1. Can you help me? I _____ a post office.

a. Am looking for b. look for c. am look for d. looking for

2. Tomorrow the Queen _____ open a new hospital.

a. Is going b. will going to c. is going to d. will to

3. What _____? I work in a book shop.

a. Are you doing b. do you c. are you do d. do you do

4. Where _____ yesterday?

a. You were b. are you c. were you d. have you been

5. _____ John last week?

a. Did you see b. have you seen c. did you seen d. did see you

6. Last month he _____ three large fish.

a. Catch b. catched c. caught d. did catch

7. When we went in, they _____ to the radio.

a. Listened b. listening c. were listening d. were have been listening

8. Do you like Paris? I don’t know. I _____there.

a. Never went b. didn’t go c. never gone d. haven’t been

9. I’m a teacher. I _____ a teacher for twelve years.

a. Was b. have been c. am d. am being

10. She can drive; she _____ drive for fifteen years.

a. Can b. is able to c. could d. has been able to

11. He _____ drink whisky, but he does now.

a. Used to b. wasn’t used to c. hadn’t use to d. didn’t use to

12. When is he coming? I _____ for over an hour.

a. Am coming b. have waited c. was waiting d. have been waiting

13. We’ll phone as soon as we _____ the information.

a. Will have b. have c. are going to have d. are having

14. When the police arrived, the criminals _____ escaped.

a. Were already b. already c. had already d. have already

25. This room _____ seven times.

a. Is painted b. has painted c. has been painted d. they have painted

3. Future Tenses

3.1. Use of Future Simple Tense will + Verb

1). Future actions happen without the speaker’s intention

2). Predictions, assumptions, promises, threatens

3). Spontaneous actions

4). After the phrases or words I think…, He is sure…, Of course…, Probably…, etc

Adverbs of frequency: tomorrow, next week, in a month

3.2. Use of Future Continuous will + be + Ving

1). An action will be in progress at a specific time in the future.

2). To predict the present.

Adverbs of frequency: no unambiguous ones

3.3. Use of Future Perfect Simple will + have + past participle

1). An action in the future before another action in the future. This is the past in the future.

2). An action will have been completed (finished or «perfected») at some point in the future.

3.4. Use of Future Perfect Continuous will + have + been + Ving

1). An action that will continue up until a particular event or time in the future.

3.5. Use of Going to — Future

1). Planned actions in the future 2). You are certain that something is going to happen in the future.

3.6. Grammar exercises

Task 1

Put the verbs into the Future Simple Going to Present Continuous Present Simple

Wow! I have left my wallet at home! Do not worry. I (lent) money to you.
What time the match (start) on Monday?
Why are you switching the TV? I (watch) the news.
Let’s have a party! Great idea! I (invite) my classmates.
What time you (finish) your work tomorrow?
Look at the footballers, they are playing terribly! They (lose) the game!
If you are thirsty, I (bring) you some water.
What would you like to drink — tea or coffee? I (drink) tea, please.
Everything is settled! We (fly) to London tomorrow.
Did you post the letter? Oh, no, I (do) it immediately.
Can you help me? My bike has a flat tire. Ok, I will do it for you.
You know, Kate is ill. I know. I (visit) her tomorrow.
The roof of the house (not look) safe. I’m afraid, it (fall) down.
We have received a letter, Mark (get) married in May.
Tom hurt his leg. He (not play) football on Sunday with us.

Task 2

Put the verbs into Future Simple, Future Continuous, Future Perfect Simple, Future Perfect Continuous, to be going to

I (call) him if you remind me.
I (meet) my girlfriend at the airport at 6 p.m. tomorrow.
How long you (learn) English by the end of the year?
At this time tomorrow he (sit) his first exam.
A new fitness club (open) in three days.
My parents think I (be) a lawyer one day.
By the time my grandfather retires, he (work) for the company for 40 years.
I want to study at university after I (finish) school.
Can you give this massage to Tom? OK, I (try) if I see him.
I hope I (pass) my exams successfully.

Task 3

Put the verbs into Future Simple, Future Continuous, Future Perfect Simple, Future Perfect Continuous, to be going to

Have you just moved here? No, we Live) here for three years next month.
Next Monday Kate (start) working.
They (finish) doing the project by the beginning of the year.
Has he tidied his room yet? No, but he promises he (do) it tonight.
On weekend I probably (stay) at home.
It is too late; I (take) a taxi.
Look at him! He (win)!
I believe life (change) in 20 years.
We are having a party on Saturday. Great, I (bring) some sweets.
You’d better hurry up. The concert (start) in 15 minutes.

Task 4

Put the verbs into Future Simple, Future Continuous, Future Perfect Simple, Future Perfect Continuous, to be going to

This time next week we (fly) to the USA.
The winter (set) early this winter.
By 9 p.m. I (work) for four hours.
Stop talking! Or I 9send) you out of the class.
What you (do) this time tomorrow?
The children (perform) in the school play next week.
When we go to Paris we (climb) the Eiffel Tower.
We (go) to London in a week. We have already bought tickets.
I (complete) the task by 6 o’clock tonight.
The baby keeps closing her eyes. She (fall) asleep soon.

When we go to Paris, we (climb) the Eiffel Tower.
Kim (perform) in the school concert next week.

13 Sam (work) her for two years on Monday.

They (go) on holiday next week. They have already bought tickets.
The baby keeps closing his eyes. He (fall) asleep soon.
By 3 o’clock she (study) for six hours.
Have you just moved here? No, I (live) here for two years next month.
We (return) home by Sunday afternoon,
This time next week I (fly) to Morocco.
The winter (set) early this year.
Stop talking! Or I (send) you out of the class!
Someone (fall) over this box if you do not move it.
Next Monday Amanda (start) work.
The film (start) by the time they get to the cinema.
I (met) Nick at the airport at 6 o’clock tonight.
The football match (begin) in a few minutes. We’d better hurry up.
I (help) you to carry these bags? They are too heavy.
We’re having a party tonight. Really? I (bring) a cake.
Could I speak to Jim, please?

30 My parents think I (be) a doctor one day.

Table of Grammar Tenses

SIMPLE

PERFECT

CONTINUOUS

PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Present

I You We They write a letter

He She It writes a letter

I You We They

have written a letter

He She It has written a letter

I am writing a letter

He She It is writing

We You They

are writing a letter

I You We They

have been writing a letter

He She It

has been writing

a letter

Past

I You We They

He She It

wrote a letter

I You We They

had written a letter

You We They

were writing

I He She It

was writing a letter

I You We They

He She It

had been writing

a letter

Future

I You We They

He She It

will write a letter

I You We They

He She It

will have written a letter

I You We They

He She It

will be writing

a letter

I You We They

He She It

will have been writing a letter

4. Conditionals — Wishes

Type 1	if+clause	main clause (result)
Real present	If + Present Simple unless(= if not)	Future Imperative can/must/may + bare infinitive Present Simple
Type 2
Unreal present	If + Past Simple	Would/could/might + bare infinitive
Type 3
Unreal past	If + Past Perfect	Would/could/might + have + past participle

4.1. Grammar exercises

Task 1

Put the verbs into the correct tense using the first conditional.

If Mary _____ (have) enough money, she’ll come with us on vacation.
I _____ (make) some coffee if you boil some water.
If you _____ (work) hard, you’ll finish the project in time.
Unless he _____ (be) late, we’ll meet at six o’clock.
If I tell you a secret, ______ (you promise) not to tell anyone?
She _____ (not attend) unless he makes the presentation.
If Joe cooks dinner, I _____ (make) dessert.
Jane _____ (play) the violin if you ask her nicely.
Our children won’t eat vegetables if they _____ (not have) orange juice.
If David _____ (not be) late, we will make the decision soon.

Task 2

Put the verbs into the correct tense using the second conditional.

If he _____ (work) more, he would finish in time.
They would do well on the test if they _____ (study) more.
If I _____ (be) you, I would run for president!
Mary _____ (buy) a new jacket if she had enough money.
If Jason flew to New York, he _____ (visit) the Empire State Building.
We _____ (take) a break, if our boss weren’t so nervous today.
If Sally _____ (go), she wouldn’t return!
Alan wouldn’t know if you _____ (ask) him.
Jennifer _____ (refer) you for the position if she thought you were qualified.
Alison wouldn’t help them if they _____ (not ask) for help.

Task 3

Put the verbs into the correct tense using the first and second conditional.

If she knows the time, she _____ (come) to the meeting.
She _____ (attend) the meeting if she had the time.
Peter _____ (say) yes if you ask him.
Unless he _____ (finish) soon, we won’t be able to come.
If he _____ (be) president, he would invest more in education.
What _____ (you do) if you were president?
She _____ (fly) Northwest Airlines if she has a choice.
If I _____ (think) I could do it, I would do it!
Alan would invite Mary if it _____ (be) his party.
She won’t marry Peter if he _____ (ask) her.

Task 4

Put the verbs into the correct tense

If you (touch) that plate, you will burn your fingers.
Shall I invite John to the party? If I were you? I (invite) him.
When water boils, it (produce) steam.
Can you help me? Well, if I wasn’t studying I (help) you.
If we were very rich, we (afford) very expensive clothes.
If Jane (be) older, she could live by herself.
I am exhausted. I wish I (do) some of the homework yesterday.
If you like chocolate, you (like) this cake.
I wish I (can play) a musical instrument.
I’d rather you (not say) anything about it yesterday.

Task 5

Put the verbs into the correct tense

If I had a toothache, I (go) to the dentist.
If she (hear) the news, she would have called us by now.
If you (know) what she did yesterday, you would be surprised.
I wish I (have) more spare time in the evenings.
If you hadn’t been ill, you (not miss) a lot of lessons last week.
I wish I (go) on the school trip next week.
I wish I (study) more when I was at school.
Paul, I wish you (stop) making so much noise.
I wish you (not speak) to her like that.
It’s time they (do) anything about it, or it will be too late.

Task 6

Put the verbs into the correct tense

Tom speaks to everyone as if he (know) everything.
I’d rather Mary (spend) the night with us. It’s snowing heavily.
We’d better (not take) taxi to bring us home tonight.
Did you enjoy the film? No, I would rather we (see) a comedy instead.
They would have opened the door if (know) who was there.
Shall I dust the computer, Tom? I’d rather you (not touch) it actually.
If only I (buy) the tickets earlier. They are all sold out now.
I wish this evening (not end). I am having a really lovely time.
Don’t you think it’s time you (get) a haircut?
If only I (eat) so much cake at lunchtime. I feel awful now.
I wish you (not do) that when people are watching. It’s really embarrassing.
I would rather (eat) sweet than salty food.
If only this recipe (be) easier. I’d make it more often.
I wish you (not smoke). It’s unhealthy.
If only we (not have) so much homework every day.

5. The Passive Voice

5.1. Grammar Table

	Present		Past		Future
Indefinite	I	am written	I HE She IT	was written	I HE She IT WE You They	will be written
	He She IT	is written
	We You They	are written	We You They	were written
Continuous	I	am being written	I HE She IT	was being written
	He She IT	is being written
	We You They	are being written	We You They	were being written
Perfect	I WE You They	have been written	I WE You They He She It	I WE You They He She It	I WE You They He She It	will have been written
	He She IT	has been written

5.2. Grammar Exercises

Task 1

Put the verbs into the correct form using Passive Voice

I’m going to the party tonight. I (invite) by my friend.
Tim didn’t go to the meeting yesterday. It (cancel).
After (rescue) from the river, the boys went to hospital.
They (take) to hospital by ambulance.
The car (serve) now.
Are you going to pick up the children? No, they (pick up) by Jack.
Has the new furniture arrived? No, it (deliver) yet.
The garden fence (repair) at the moment.
The poem must (learn) by heart.
Have you arranged the party yet? Yes, the invitations already (send).

Task 2

Put the verbs into the correct form using Passive Voice

Kevin’s car (steal) last night and he is very upset.
Do your cats eat a lot? No, they (feed) twice a day.
Can you swim? Yes, I (teach) when I was 5.
What is happening over here? A new cinema (build).
Doctors have to do a lot of work, but they (pay) well.
The new bridge (build) already.
Chinese (speak) by more than one billion people.
A lot of food (eat) at the party yesterday.
Basketball (play) all over the world.
The experiment (do) by the scientists at this time 2 days ago.

Task 3

Put the verbs into the correct form using Passive Voice

He (consider) to be a very good musician.
The instructions should (follow) very carefully.
Trousers (wear) by both men and women.
We (delay) because there was a lot of traffic this morning.
Don’t stay up late tonight or you (be) tired.
This piece of music (not record) yet. I have just composed it.
Breakfast (serve) from 7 to 10 a.m. every day.
The tables (set) before the restaurant opens tonight.
I have a beautiful sweater which (knit) by my granny.
The reports (write) by 5 o’clock tomorrow.
The cake (decorate) with icing.
Wine (make) from grapes.
Who a camera (invent) by?
A lot of people (ask) before the documentary was made.
The windows (close) before she left the house.

Task 4

Turn the following into reported speech.

‘Where do you live?’ I asked her.
“We went to the supermarket yesterday,” they said.
“Where are you from” they asked me.
‘He showed me his photographs last Friday,” she said.
“Don’t open the door” he asked me.
‘Could you open your suitcase, please?’ I asked her.
‘Don’t worry – it’ll be fine’ they said.
‘Don’t forget to buy some bread on your way home’ she asked me.
“Who borrowed my book?’ he asked.
“It was me who broke the window,” he admitted.

Task 5

Turn the following into reported speech.

“I will come with you tomorrow,” she said.
‘I must work harder,’ he said.
‘I didn’t understand the meaning of the film’ he said.
‘I’m afraid I can’t come this evening,’ she said
‘I’m going to Spain with my sister next week,’ she said.
‘I saw him yesterday but he didn’t recognize me’ he said.
‘Did you pay the electricity bill?» she asked her husband.
‘Why did you leave the party so early? “she asked.
‘Tell me the truth’ he demanded.
‘You mustn’t come home after eleven’ he forbade us.

6. Reported Speech

6.1. Table for changing Tenses

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
Present Simple	Past Simple
Present Continuous	Past Continuous
Present Perfect Simple	Past Perfect Simple
Present Perfect Continuous	Present Perfect Continuous

Past Simple	Past Perfect Simple
Past Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous

Will	Would
Can	Could
May	Might
Have to/ Has to/ Must	Had to

This	That
These Those	Those
Now	Then
Today	That day
Tomorrow	The next/ following day
The next week	The next/ following week
Yesterday	The day before
Last week	The previous week/ The week before
ago	before

6.2. Grammar exercises

Task 1

Turn the following into reported speech.

‘Where do you live?’ I asked her.
“We went to the supermarket yesterday,” they said.
“Where are you from” they asked me.
‘He showed me his photographs last Friday,” she said.
“Don’t open the door” he asked me.
‘Could you open your suitcase, please?’ I asked her.
‘Don’t worry – it’ll be fine’ they said.
‘Don’t forget to buy some bread on your way home’ she asked me.
“Who borrowed my book?’ he asked.
“It was me who broke the window,” he admitted.

Task 2

Turn the following into reported speech.

“I will come with you tomorrow,” she said.
‘I must work harder,’ he said.
‘I didn’t understand the meaning of the film’ he said.
‘I’m afraid I can’t come this evening,’ she said
‘I’m going to Spain with my sister next week,’ she said.
‘I saw him yesterday but he didn’t recognize me’ he said.
‘Did you pay the electricity bill?’ she asked her husband.
‘Why did you leave the party so early? “she asked.
‘Tell me the truth’ he demanded.
‘You mustn’t come home after eleven’ he forbade us.

Task 3

Turn the following into reported speech.

‘I’m the fastest runner of all’ he boasted.
‘Let’s order a pizza’ he suggested.
‘You must wear this blouse’ he insisted.
‘I’d like you to come to the party’ she invited us.
‘Don’t forget to turn the lights off’ he reminded me.
‘The exam papers are still being marked, ’ the teacher informed Jane.
‘You should talk about your problem.’ He advised me.
‘Don’t Open the door’, she asked me.
‘Do you want to go shopping? ‘he asked them.
‘Why did you do it?’ she asked the kids.

Task 4

Put the verb into the correct tense by moving the reported verb one step back into the past when necessary.

1. I’m working in Dallas today. / He said he _____ (work) in Dallas that day.

2. I think he will win the election. / She said she _____ (think) he _____ (win) the election.

3. Anna lives in London. / Peter says Anna _____ (live) in London.

4. My father is going to visit us next week. / Frank said his father ______ (visit) them the following week.

5. They bought a brand new Mercedes! / She said they _____ (buy) a brand new Mercedes.

6. I have worked at the company since 1997. / She said she _____ (work) at the company since 1997.

7. They are watching TV at the moment. / She said they _____ (watch) TV at that moment.

8. Francis drives to work every day. / He said Francis _____ (drive) to work every day.

9. Alan thought about changing his job last year. / Alan said that he _____ (thought) about changing his job the previous year.

10. Susan is flying to Chicago tomorrow. / Susan said she _____ (fly) to Chicago the next day.

11. George went to the hospital last night. / Peter said that George _____ (go) to the hospital the preceding night.

12. I enjoy playing golf on Saturdays. / Ken says that he _____ (enjoy) playing golf on Saturdays.

13. I will change jobs soon. / Jennifer told me she _____ (change) jobs soon.

14. Frank is getting married in July. / Anna tells me that Frank ______ (get married) in July.

15. October is the best month of the year. / The teacher says that October _____ (be) the best month of the year.

16. Sarah wants to buy a new house. / Jack told me that his sister ______ (want) to buy a new house.

17. They are working hard on the new project. / The boss told me that they _____ (work) hard on the new project.

18. We’ve lived here for ten years. / Frank told me that they _____ (live) there for ten years.

19. I take the subway to work every day. / Ken tells me he _____ (take) the subway to work every day.

20. Angela prepared lamb for dinner yesterday. / Peter told us that Angela ______ (prepare) lamb for dinner the day before.

Task 5

Turn the following into reported speech.

1. John said, ‘ I love this city!’ John said ……..

2. ‘Do you like soccer?” he asked me. He asked me …….

3. ‘I can’t drive a car, “she said. She said ……

4. ‘Be nice to your sister,” he said. He asked me …….

5. ‘Don’t be nasty,” she said. She urged me……

6. ‘Don’t waste your money,” she said. She told the girls…..

7. ‘What have you decided to do?” she asked him. She asked him…..

8. ‘I always wake up early,” he said. He said…..

9. ‘You should revise your lessons,’ the teacher said. She advised the students

10. ‘Where were you born?” he asked me. He wanted to know……

7. Gerund and Infinitive

Reference Lists — Gerund and Infinitive

Verbs Followed by a Gerund

Admit advise appreciate avoid complete consider delay deny detest dislike enjoy excuse finish forbid imagine mind miss permit practice report resist resume risk spend/ waste time suggest

Verbs Followed by an Infinitive

agree aim appear arrange ask attempt be able beg choose continue decide expect forget remember hope hurry like fail get happen have hesitate mean neglect offer plan prefer prepare promise propose start stop threaten try use want wish

7.1

Task 1

Put the verbs into the correct form.

1. He gave up (gamble).

2. This is for you (decide).

3. The children prefer (watch) TV to (reading)

4. I am against (make) any complaints.

5. This writer is said (write) a new novel.

6. H e was fined for (drive) without lights.

7. It is difficult to get used (eat) with chopsticks.

8. They don’t allowed (smoke) in here.

9. She seems to (have) a good time at the seaside.

10. We are looking forward (see) you soon.

11. If a thing is worth (do) at all it is worth (do) well.

12. Would you mind (write) your name here?

13. He proved (be) one of the cleverest students at our school.

14. I don’t enjoy (go) to the dentist.

15. She stopped (smoke).

Task 2

Put the verbs into the correct form.

He gave up (gamble).
This is for you (decide).
The children prefer (watch) TV to (reading)
I am against (make) any complaints.
This writer is said (write) a new novel.
H e was fined for (drive) without lights.
It is difficult to get used (eat) with chopsticks.
They don’t allowed (smoke) in here.
She seems to (have) a good time at the seaside.
We are looking forward (see) you soon.
If a thing is worth (do) at all it is worth (do) well.
Would you mind (write) your name here?
He proved (be) one of the cleverest students at our school.
I don’t enjoy (go) to the dentist.
She stopped (smoke).
They suggested (not keep) the luggage.

Task 3

Put the verbs into the correct form.

Alan can’t stand _________ on trains. (riding / to ride)
Mr. Harris enjoys _________ people out to dinner. (inviting / to invite)
In the old days, gentlemen challenged their rivals _______. (fighting / to fight)
As the famous saying goes, there’s no use ______ over spilt milk. (crying / to cry)
Jim stopped _________ his shoelace. Wait for him. (tying / to tie)
My wife always volunteers ___________ cakes PTA meetings. (baking / to bake)
Don’t waste my time ___________ about your salary. (complaining/ to complain)
Eva is having trouble _________ on the exam. (concentrating / to concentrate)
Please allow me ____________ your Facebook page. (joining / to join)
You won’t forget _________milk on your way home, will you? (picking up /to pick up)

Task 4

Put the verbs into the correct form.

1. Do you mind ….here?

a. I sit b. My sitting c. I sitting

2. I can hardly imagine Tony …. across the Baltic Sea all by himself.

a. Sail b. To sail c. Sailing

3. I would appreciate …. back this afternoon.

a. You to call b. You call c. Your calling

4. No one enjoys … in public.

a. To be made fun of b. Making fun of c. Being made fun of

5. If you keep .… in English, it will improve.

a. To talk b. Talking c. Talk

6. Don’t you remember …. him before?

a. To see b. Saw c. Seeing

7. I don’t feel like …. out for a walk.

a. Going b. To go c. Go

8. People couldn’t help …. at the funny man.

a. To laugh b. Laughing c. Laughed

9. Do you mind …. the door?

a. To close b. Close c. Closing

10. He tried to avoid …. my questions.

a. Answering b. To answer c. Answer

8. Articles

8.1. Grammar Exercises

Task 1

Complete the sentences with a the an zero article

How did you travel to ….1. Russia? By…..2. plane or by …3. train?
We are going on a climbing holiday in …4. Alps, in …5. Italy.
He is not going to …6. work today. He has …7. cold and …8. terrible headache.
….9. Danube flows from …10. Germany, through …11. Central Europe to ….12. Black Sea.
I am really tired. I am going to go …13. home, go to …14. bed and listen to …15. radio.
Could you pass me …16. remote control for …17. TV please?
I like listening to …18. music.
He is going to buy …19. car.
She drives …20 old Skoda Favorite.
…21. Moscow is ….22. capital of …23. Russian Federation.

Task 2

Choose the correct answer from four options

1. …..school will be closed for the Easter holidays.

a. A b. An c. The d. zero article

2. Is Chinese ….. difficult language?

a. A b. An c. The d. zero article

3. Do you see how blue …..sky is?

a. A b. An c. The d. zero article

4. …..Lion is considered to be ….. king of the jungle.

a. The b. The – The c. The – A d. A -A

5. She is ….. honour of the school.

a. A b. An c. The d. zero article

6. The world is ….. beautiful place.

a. A b. An c. The d. zero article

7. The Adams have …. .elegant house.

a. A b. An c. The d. zero article

8. It is ….. most interesting book I’ve ever read.

a. A b. An c. The d. zero article

9. Even though she‘s studied….English for 10 years, it is not very good .

a. A b. An c. The d. zero article

10. Is …..Nile ……longest river in the world?

a. A– The b. The – The c. The – A d. A –A

Task 3

Choose the correct answer from four options

11. She bought ….. new car. …..car is very fast.

a. A – The b. The – The c. The – A d. A –A

12. My father reads …..newspapers every morning.

a. A b. An c. The d. zero article

13. Can you turn on …..heater? It’s getting cold here.

a. A b. An c. The d. zero article

14. Look! There is …..bird on ….. window.

a. A – The b. The – The c C. The – A d. A –A

15. Does Columbus cross …. Atlantic ocean?

a. A b. An c. The d. zero article

16. He is ….. very successful person.

a. A b. An c. The d. zero article

17. Would you like to be …English teacher?

a. A b. An c. The d. zero article

18. I know a lot of people. Many of them are ….. students.

a . A b. An c. The d. zero article

19. Giraffes are …. .animals.

a. A b. An c. The d. zero article

20 . Susan doesn’t feel good. She went to …..doctor.

a. A b. An c. The d. zero article

Task 4

Choose the correct answer from four options

1. We haven’t been to …… cinema for ages.

a. A b. An c. The d. zero article

2. I often watch ….. television in the evening.

a. A b. An c. The d. zero article

Every term parents are invited to school to meet ….. teachers.

a. A b. An c. The d. zero article

3. It’s late. Let’s go ….. home!

a . A b. An c. The d. zero article

4. He has gone to ….. hospital to visit his Granny.

a. A b. An c. The d. zero article

5. This morning I had breakfast in ….. bed.

a. A b. An c. The d. zero article

6. ….. homeless need more help from the government.

a. A b. An c. The d. zero article

7. …..Chinese invented painting.

a. A b. An c. The d. zero article

8. Last year we visited ….. USA and ….. Great Britain.

a. A– The b. The – The c. The – A d. A –A

9. ……Tower of London is one of ….. most famous sightseeing.

a. A– The b. The – The c. The – A d. A –A

10. Have you ever been to …… Saint Isaac Cathedral?

a. A b. An c. The d. zero article

Task 5

Complete the sentences with a the an zero article

Please, wait for ….hour for the test results.
India is the second most populous country in …. world.
Ken is …student at Harvard University.
Is this ….pen given by your teacher?
How can I get to … Mariinskiy Opera House?
Mr. Green is wearing …..blue shirt today.
It is very important to have …..varied diet and not eat ….unhealthy food.
……time is … money.
We had …fun at the party.
Here is ….book I told you about.
They have …passion for ….football.
I made ….terrible mistake.
…money they earn is well-deserved.
I try to keep out of …trouble.
….psychologists study …human behavior.
They left …quarter of …hour ago.
I went home to get …book I told them about.
He bought …new car and he drove it home.
Ann is …only child in the family.
Her husband, who is …doctor, works in the hospital

9. Miscellaneous

9.1. Grammar and Vocabulary exercises

Task 1

Put the verbs into the correct form.

I (learn) English for seven years now.
But last year I (not / work) hard enough for English, that’s why my marks (not / be) really that good then.
As I (pass / want) my English exam successfully next year, I (study) harder this term.
During my last summer holidays, my parents (send) me on a language course to London.
It (be) great and I (think) I (learn) a lot.
Before I (go) to London, I (not / enjoy) learning English.
But while I (do) the language course, I (meet) lots of young people from all over the world.
There I (notice) how important it (be) to speak foreign languages nowadays.
Now I (have) much more fun learning English than I (have) before the course.
At the moment I (revise) English grammar.
And I (begin / already) to read the texts in my English textbooks again.
I (think) I (do) one unit every week.
My exam (be) on 15 May, so there (not / be) any time to be lost.
If I (pass) my exams successfully, I (start) an apprenticeship in September.
And after my apprenticeship, maybe I (go) back to London to work there for a while.

Task 2

Put the verbs into the correct form.

When he (wake up) his mother (already /prepare)breakfast
Next summer we (go) to London because our friends (invite) us
He (hear)the news, (go) to the telephone and (call) a friend.
When she (start) learning English she (already /learn) French.
Jane (already / type) three pages when her computer (crash)
By the time the doctor (arrive) at the house the patient ( die)
Before that day we (never / think) of traveling to Japan.
I (know) him a long time before I (meet) his family.
They (not / know) where to meet because nobody (tell) them.
It (be) cloudy for days before it (begin) to rain.
I (just / finish) my homework.
Mary (already / write) five letters.
Tom (move) to his home town in 1994.
My friend (be) in Canada two years ago.
I (not / be) to Canada so far.
But I (already / travel) to London a couple of times.
Last week, Mary and Paul (go) to the cinema.
I can’t take any pictures because I (not /buy) a new film yet.
(they / spend) their holidays in Paris last summer?
(you / ever / see ) a whale

Task 3

Put the verbs into the correct form.

1. I was exhausted at the end of the exam. I ….. (write) for over two hours.

2. Yesterday by 9 o’clock, we (finish) our homework.

3. When thieves stole my favourite leather jacket, I was really upset. I… (have) it for over ten years.

4. Please step out of the car, Mr. Jones. Do you realise you (drive) at over 90mph?

5. They (leave) the classroom by the end of the hour next lesson.

6. We didn’t really want to go and see the musical again. We already (see) it twice — so we said «no» and we went to a restaurant instead!

7. I think I (start) my trip on Sunday

8. I arrived over an hour late to the office and everyone was working. Actually, they (work) for over two hours on the new project and I felt really guilty.

9. The kitchen was full of steam when we arrived. Joan was in the kitchen and she (cook) a huge meal for everyone at the party.

10. It was a bit embarrassing to arrive at their house and find Mary looking so sad. I think she (cry) before we got there.

Task 4

Put the verbs into the correct form.

Tomorrow I think I 1….. (start) my new project.

I 2…. (finish) it by the end of this month.

The teacher 3…… (probably/assign) a test to his students next Monday.

He 4….. (correct) it by the end of next week.

My friend 5…….(certainly/get) a good mark tomorrow.

Look! Sara 6….. (go) to the movies.

On her right hand, Sara 7……. (carry) her handbag.

The handbag 8…… (be) very beautiful.

Sara usually 9…… (put) on black shoes but now she 10…… (wear) white trainers.

And look, she 11…… (take) an umbrella because it 12….. (rain)

Task 5

Choose the correct option.

1. Animated movies _____ a lot over the last 100 years.

a. has changed b. have changed c. had changed d. will change

2. Winsor McKay _____ the father of animation.

a. are considered b. is considered c. has considered d. will be considered

3. In the early 1900s, Mclay _____ his films by himself.

a. animated b. is animating c. will be animating d. were animating

4. He _____ every picture separately one at a time, in the early 1900s.

a. draw b. drew c. draws d. is drawing

5. Hundreds of photographs _____ to make a one-minute film everyday in 1900s

a. was needed b. were needed c. is needed d. are needed

6. The drawing of the background _____ motionless always.

a. remains b. remaining c. remained d. will remain

7. The characters will always _____.

a. moving b. move c. moved d. moves

8. Walt Disney _____ animation to a new level since he started in the animation business.

a. takes b. taken c. took d. taking

9. He created Mickey Mouse, added sound and music to his movies, and ____ the first full-length film.

a. produced b. produce c. produces d. will produce

10. An image is put on the computer and then quickly _____ by a similar image with a small change.

a. are put b. will put c. is put d. put

Task 6

Choose the correct option.

1. … . the favourable conditions of the late 1990s, when stocks seemed to rise constantly, a lot of people made money on the stock market.

a. Despite b. So that c. Whereas d. As though e. Owing to

2. Charlotte Bronte, …. wrote the famous novel “Jane Eyre”, was one of three sisters, all of …… were novelists.

a. that/which b. who/whom c. whose/that d. which/whose e. whom/who

3. Of all the inventions of Thomas Edison, the electric light bulb has probably had ……. impact on daily life ……. any other.

a. so much/that b. enough/for c. a lot more/than d. so many/as e. such a lot/that

4. ……. we learn about our universe, ……. likely it seems that extra-terrestrial life must exist somewhere.

a. Whether/or b. The more/the more c. Not only/but also d. Rather than/so e. As much as/when

5. It is not possible even to attempt to read anything in Japanese ……. you have learnt two separate alphabets and more than a thousand characters.

a. until b. while c. thus d. as if e. in case

6. According to both Christianity and Islam, “paradise” is the place ……. good people will go after they die, although just ……. makes a “good person” differs somewhat between the two faiths.

a. that/whose b. which/who c. when/why d. where/what e. how/whom

7. Young people are usually faced with the choice of……. they should do a worthwhile job, such as social work, for a small salary, ……. go into something basically worthless, such as advertising, in order to get rich.

a. so much/as b. no sooner/than c. both/and d. rather/than e. whether/or

8. Although there is more wealth in the world than ever before, the age-old problem remains that not ……. people are able to share in this wealth.

a. every b. each c. all d. whole e. some

9. Since it ……. independence from Britain in 1957, Malaysia ……. remarkable economic progress.

a. has gained/is making b. gained/has made c. would gain/will make d. was gaining/made

e. had gained/makes

10. There are ……. people in China ……. there are in the entire continent of Africa.

a. so many/as b. more/than c. the most/like d. enough/for e. too many/that

11. The film we saw last night had a gripping plot and plenty of exciting stunts; …….. the acting was terrible.

a. no matter b. similarly c. as a consequence d. on the other hand e. furthermore

12. If only this rain …….. we could go outside and have some fun.

a. would stop b. will be stopping c. has stopped d. is stopping e. stops

13. The combination of one oxygen atom with two hydrogen atoms ……. a water molecule.

a. is formed b. have formed c. forms d. are forming e. was formed

14. My friends living here assure me that once I ……. some Arabic, I ……. living in the Middle East a lot more.

a. will have learnt/enjoyed b. learnt/should enjoy c. will learn/am enjoying

d. am learning/enjoy e. have learnt/will enjoy

15. Seeing how worried she was, I promised my mother that I ……… her a ring as soon as I ……. at my destination.

a. will give/am arriving b. have given/will arrive c. gave/had arrived d. would give/arrived

e. was giving/have arrived

16. As a child, I used to believe that something bad ……. to my family if I ……… each of them before going to bed.

a. had happened/wouldn’t kiss b. was happening/hadn’t kissed c. has happened/wasn’t kissing d. would happen/didn’t kiss e. happened/wouldn’t have kissed

17. An opossum is a small mammal ……. the habit of rolling on its side and pretending to be dead when …….. .

a. to have/disturbs b. having/disturbed c. has/to be disturbed c. having had/disturbing

e. had/being disturbed

18. ……. I enjoy symphonies and concertos, I have never been able to appreciate opera.

a. Even though b. No matter c. As if D} As long as e. Therefore

19. The UN, at American and British insistence, refuses to allow medicines for children to be sent to Iraq just ……. they are used to make “weapons of mass destruction”.

a. in case b. for c. as though d. in addition e. despite

20. It took the police so long to respond that by the time they …….. the robbers

a. had arrived/have escaped b. would arrive/were escaping c. arrive/will escape

d. have arrived/escaped e.) arrived/had escaped

Task 7

Choose the correct option.

1. Omar Khayyam, ……. poems are still read and appreciated in the English-speaking world, is better remembered in the Islamic world as an astronomer and mathematician.

a. that b. whom c. which d. what e. whose

2. At present, Moscow’s traffic problem ……. at all, and at this rate, traffic will soon come to a complete standstill.

a. is not tackling b. does not tackle c. will not be tackled d. is not being tackled e. has not tackled

3. People living abroad ……. with their embassy or consulate so that they ……. in an emergency.

a. have registered/were assisted b. should register/can be assisted c. can register/have assisted d. have to be registered/had assisted e. used to register/may be assisted

4. Geoff …….. from holiday yet because no one I have talked to has seen him.

a. would not have returned b. doesn’t have to return c. must not have returned

d. ought not to return e. didn’t use to return

5. ……. I know, this is the last boat, so I think we had better hurry.

a. Provided b. No matter c. So long as d. As far as e. Because of

6. Both chemical and biological agents have been used in past wars because they are often ……. insidious and ……. easily detected than conventional weapons.

a. more/less b. so/as much c. the most/the least d. the same/as e. too/so much

7. Although people have been taking photographs …… well over a hundred years now, the basic principles of cameras and photography are ……. almost the same.

a. since/yet b. as/as c. for/still d. during/already e. yet/any more

8. I’m afraid I have to make an important presentation tomorrow in front of the managing director around your arrival time; …….. I would meet you at the airport.

a. provided b. otherwise c. whereas d. unless e. on the contrary

9. ……. you arrive before midnight, after which the rates go up, it is not very expensive to get a taxi from the airport into town.

a. By the time b. As long as c. While d. As a result e. Until

10. Judy’s mother warned her against marrying Phil, and sure enough, ……. had they got married ……. they began to have serious money problems due to his drinking and gambling.

a. no sooner/than b. whether/or c. neither/nor d. not only/and e. barely/despite

11. Two men were seen fleeing the scene of the crime, but ……. of them has been caught yet.

a. both b. all c. either d. neither e. none

12. The sergeant was sure that we could take the enemy position, and …….. so we decided to attack immediately.

a. nor was I b. so did I c. so was I d. I could too e. I couldn’t either

13. Just a few years ago, there were ……. elephants in East Africa ……. there was serious concern about their becoming extinct.

a. much less/so b. such a few/as c. too few/than d. so little/that e. so few/that

14. The postal service is so bad; I hope ……. letter gets to ……. before Christmas.

a. us/they b. ourselves/theirs c. we/themselves d. ours/their e. our/them

15. Sally has been seeing Erie for some time now: she says she loves ……. and wants to become ……. wife.

a. his/herself b. him/his c. herself/himself d. himself/him e. his own/hers

16. ……. of southeastern Turkey suffers from lack of proper schools and teaching materials, so it is no wonder that ……. students from there are able to attend university

a. Plenty/much less b. Many/just a little c. Most/far fewer d. Any/many more

e. The whole/most

17. Since the traffic and smog of Istanbul get me down, I try to get out of the city ……. I can.

a. whatever b. no more c. no matter d. whenever e. elsewhere

18. Southern Spain is a popular holiday destination because ……… month of the year you go there, you are likely to have good weather.

a. every time b. whenever c. everywhere d. everyone e. whichever

19. In Ethiopia, the Christians of the highlands and the Muslims of the lowlands have fought …….. for centuries.

a. who else b. whomever c.) one another d. every other e. any longer

20. New York, ……. skyline is instantly recognisable, is one of the best-known cities in the world.

a. where b. that c. whose d. which e. what

Task 8

Choose the correct option.

1. The river known ……. the Blue Nile is the shorter of the two branches of the Nile which join at Khartoum.

a. as b. much c. like d. just as e. such as

2. But although it is not ……. the White Nile, the Blue Nile carries ……. water.

a. longer than/the less b. too long/as much as c. the longest/too much

d. long enough/so much e. as long as/far more

3. It was the silt in the Blue Nile that …….. the farmland of Egypt every year until the construction of the Aswan High Dam.

a. has fertilised b. should be fertilizing c. is fertilising d. used to fertilise e. has to fertilise

4. Ever since the Aswan High Dam…. Egyptian farmers . dependent on artificial fertilisers.

a. has been built/are becoming b. was building/became c. would have built/become

d. was built/have become e.) had been built/will become

5. There isn’t……. water in the reservoirs this year because there was ……. rain over the winter.

a. some/too few b. too much/enough c. any/plenty d. a lot of/several e. much/so little

6. In the end, the jury did not believe that the defendant had committed the crime, ……. .

a. but the judge didn’t b. and neither did the judge c. and the judge hadn’t either

d. and so did the judge e. but the judge had too

7 You wouldn’t mind if I brought along someone to your party, …….?

a. would you b. didn’t I c. did you d. would I e. wouldn’t you

8. Lanolin, which ……. from sheep’s wool, ……. in medicines, ointments and cosmetics since ancient times.

a. has obtained/was being used b. is obtaining/is used c.) has been obtained/uses

d. is obtained/has been used e. obtains/is using

9. Anyone who ……. the Golden Horn on a hot summer’s day ……. to go near it again for a long time.

a. was smelling/does not want b. smells/has not wanted c. smelt/had not been wanting

d. is smelling/did not want e. has smelt/will not want

10. In Latin America slavery ……… gradually, on a country-by-country basis.

a. should have abolished b. could abolish c. would have abolished d. was abolished

e. has been abolishing

11. Steve has told me that he is moving to Samoa, ……. he hopes his ex-wife will never be able to find him.

a. that b. when c. where d. which e. how

12. Smithing, one of the oldest crafts, …….. with the first use of metal, and became increasingly important after iron ……. .

a. was begun/had discovered b. began/was discovered c. was beginning/discovered

d. has begun/would be discovered e. had begun/has been discovered

13. Lemmings are small Scandinavian animals ……. periodically commit mass suicide, although no one knows ……. they do it.

a. which/why b. that/which c. where/how d. who/what e. how/where

14. Although I am happy with my life, sometimes I cannot help but wish that I ……. a little more money.

a. am earning b. have earned c.) can earn d. could earn e.) would be earning

15. The “polygraph” is a machine used to discover ……. people are lying …….. not by detecting changes in their pulse rate and respiration.

a. when/as b. both/and c. if/or d. either/than e. such /as

16. Today plastic seems to be …….. widely used material all over the world.

a. too much b. enough c.) more than d. such as e. the most

17. There have been so many negative effects from nuclear power and so few benefits that most people probably wish it ……. never …….. .

a. has/been discovered b.) would/be discovered c. is/discovered d. had/been discovered

e. was/being discovered

18. The electric eel, belonging to a group of fishes that is different from the other eels, can generate ……. electricity to stun an adult human being.

a. any b. enough c. a little d. the most e. a few

19. You made a big mistake by buying a car from that dodgy salesman; I’m sure you ……. it more cheaply elsewhere.

a. were buying b. could have bought c. must have bought d. might buy e. used to buy

20. Princess Diana was one of the ……. frequently photographed women in the world until her death in 1998.

a. such b. too c. most d. more e. much

Task 9

Choose the correct option.

1. ……. Turkey is an official candidate for EU membership, it must be a little more careful of international opinion.

a. Even though b. Rather than c. In contrast to d. Now that e. No matter

2. You ……. home today if you are not feeling well; otherwise, you ……. even worse tomorrow.

a. ought to stay/might feel b. must stay/have to feel c. have stayed/will have felt

d. might stay/have been feeling e. had to stay/are feeling

3. In spite of the many studies the experts have done, no one is sure ……… there will be another earthquake in the region soon or not.

a. how b. though c. where d. if e. when

4. Since you don’t know ……… to use the computer, you should ask someone to help you.

a. where b. how c. which d. what e. that

5. Frogs and toads are known …….. a strong sense of location, and when …….. from their territories or breeding grounds, they can find their way back by smell and instinctively by the position of the stars.

a. having/taking b. to be having/to take c.) having had/being taken

d. have/having taken e. to have/taken

6. I have decided to sue the builder of these flats for unsafe building practices, ……. who lives here.

a. but no one else does b. as does everyone else c. and so has everyone else

d. and neither has anyone else e.) but no one else did

7. A long queue of people ……. for bread when I ……. at the bakery.

a. was waiting/arrived b. has waited/arrive c. had been waiting/have arrived

d. waited/was arriving e. has been waiting/am arriving

8. There has never been another footballer ……. entertaining to watch as Pele.

a. such b) as c. rather d. much e. more

9. You ……. crazy to buy a house when prices were at an all-time high.

a. have been b. ought to have been c. have to be d. must have been e. are going to be

10. …….. there are no last-minute problems, the deal should go ahead and we will sign the contract tomorrow.

a. Despite b. However c. Until d. Furthermore e.) Provided that

11. At the firm’s annual party, Julie and I were both unhappy because her dress was ……. mine.

a. rather than b. such as c. each other d. the same e. just like

12. My uncle finally ……. last year after he ……. for the same firm for 45 years.

a. had retired/was working b.) has retired/has been working c. was retiring/has worked d. retired/had worked e. used to retire/would work

13. We can go by bus, by train or by hydrofoil, but……. we go, we had better make reservations in advance because it will be the holiday season.

a. whenever b. whichever c. however d. whatever e.) whomever

14. “Ivanhoe” is ……. famous novel by Sir Walter Scott describing ……. time when England was ruled by the Normans.

a. —/a b. some/— c. a/the d. any/some e. the/any

15. You can tell that George has been doing a lot of work in his garden recently, …….?

a. can’t you b. doesn’t he c. can you d. has he e. can’t he

16. I wouldn’t mind ……. in the city over the holiday if you have to work; shall we invite some Mends …….. round?

a. to stay/to be coming b. staying/to come c. to be staying/coming

d. to have stayed/come e. stay/having come

17. If you ……. bungee jumping in your life, you ……. what you are missing.

a. aren’t trying/haven’t known b. wouldn’t try/hadn’t known c. won’t try/didn’t know

d. haven’t tried/don’t know e. hadn’t tried/shouldn’t know

18. The famous Catholic missionary St Francis Xavier claimed that the Japanese language was created by Satan to he ……. for Christian missionaries to learn.

a. as difficult b. more difficult c.) such a difficult d. so difficult that e. too difficult

19. You ……. a decent job until after you ……. your military service.

a. haven’t got/will complete b. don’t get/will be completing c. won’t get/have completed

d. aren’t getting/had completed e. didn’t get/are completing

20. The phrase, “It’s not what you know, but who you know,” means that it is impossible to get anything done ……. you know the right people.

a. for b. unless c. whether d. since e. which

Task10

Choose the correct option.

1. Penicillin was first isolated by three chemists, among ……. the best known was Sir Alexander Fleming.

a. which b. what c. that d. whose e. whom

2. When the tomb of Tutankhamun …….. it was the most spectacular Egyptian discovery in the history of archaeology, and nothing since ……. it.

a. was discovered/has surpassed b. had discovered/could surpass c. discovered/has been surpassing d. has been discovered/is surpassing e. had been discovered/can surpass

3. I always do all my shopping at Harrod’s ……. I happen to be in London.

a. whenever b. wherever c. however d. whichever e. whomever

4. Apparently, ……. the whole family was asleep last night, a thief came into their flat and stole their new computer and mobile phone.

a. during b. despite c. for d. while e. however

5. I couldn’t finish ……. the report last night because my daughter refused to let me ……. her computer.

a. having written/using b. writing/use c. to write/to use d. to be written/used

e. being written/having used

6. Johannes Kepler ……. mathematically that the paths of the planets were elliptical and not circular as ……. previously.

a. was proving/has been believed b. had proved/was believing c. proved/had been believed

d. was proved/is believed e. proves/was going to believe

7. Mount Fuji, a volcano ……… base is 126 kilometres in circumference, last erupted in 1707.

a. when b. where c, which d. whose e. that

8. Frank ……. by 8 o’clock, so if you want to see him, you ……. earlier.

a. will have left/must come b. must have left/could come c. might be leaving/have come

d. ought to have left/come e. has to leave/would come

9. Though the kangaroo was hunted in the past, it is now protected in some areas ……. keep it from becoming extinct.

a. in contrast to b. in order to c. thanks to d. in addition to e. owing to

10. They have completed ……. the film, and it is ……. next month.

a. to shoot/editing b. having shot/to have edited c. to be shot/to edit

d. shooting/to be edited e. being shot/edited

11. The League of Nations was created after World War I with the object of preserving world peace; …….. the United States refused to join and it failed to prevent aggression by Mussolini, Hitler and Japan.

a. furthermore b. however c. whereas d. otherwise e. no matter

12. Potatoes and tobacco ……. to Britain as a result of expeditions which Sir Walter Raleigh ……. in the reign of Queen Elizabeth I.

a. introduced/was organizing b. have been introduced/had organized c. were introducing/was organized d. have introduced/had been organized e. were introduced/organized

13. If only the authorities ……. to alleviate the problems of the poor in the country, the uprisings ……. place.

a. attempted/are not going to take b. would have attempted/did not take

c. had attempted/might not have taken d. have attempted/weren’t taking e. might attempt/didn’t use to take

14. ……. Sahara Desert has ……. area of about 8 million square kilometers.

a. A/any b. —/the c. The/an d. The/— e. -/—

15. Some documentaries show people in their normal environment going about their daily lives, while …….. show how an industry works or portray social conditions and their causes.

a. the other b. another c. one another d. others e. some other

16. The students were ……… anxious because they hadn’t expected the teacher to include …….. units in the exam.

a. such/the same b. rather/so many c. so/too much d. more/enough e. less/fewer

17. If air pollution is to be eliminated in Istanbul, a new heating source …….. coal must be used.

a. other than b. another c.) any more d. the other e. no longer

18. After his team lost the biggest match of the season, my son was ……. upset to go to class for two days.

a. such b. even c. so d. too e. already

19 I wouldn’t have asked ……. for help if I had thought I could do it ……..

a. your/my own b. your own/me c. yours/mine d. you/myself e .ourselves/my

20. Though my parents usually go ……. interesting during their winter vacation, they said that this year they just didn’t have the energy.

a. anyhow b. everywhere c. somewhat d. somehow e. somewhere

Task 11

Choose the correct option.

1. The dog is …………….. twice a day.

a. feed b. feeding c. fed d. feeds

2. Put plants …………… a window so that they will get enough light.

a. near to b. near of c. next to d. nearly

3. Employers often require that candidates have not only a degree …………..

a. but two years experience b. also two years experience

c. but also two-year experience d. but more two years experience

4. Richard Nixon had been a lawyer and …………… before he entered politics.

a. served in the Navy as an officer b. an officer in the Navy

c. the Navy had him as an officer d. did service in the Navy as an officer

5. If one of the participants in a conversation wonders …………… no real communication has taken place.

a. what said the other person b. what the other person said

c. what did the other person say d. what was the other person saying

6. The salary of a bus driver is much higher ……………..

a. in comparison with the salary of a teacher b. than a teacher

c. than that of a teacher d. to compare as a teacher

7. Professional people expect …………… when it is necessary to cancel an appointment.

a. you to call them b. that you would call them

c. your calling them d. that you are calling them

8. Sedimentary rocks are formed below the surface of the earth …………… very high temperatures and pressures.

a. where there are b. there are c. where are there d. there are where

9. Farmers look forward to …………… every summer.

a. participating in the county fairs b. participate in the county fairs

c. be participating in the county fairs d. have participated in the county fairs

10. Clipper ships were the swiftest sailing ships that …………………. to sea and the most beautiful.

a. ever were put b. were ever putted c. were ever put d. ever were putted

11. The ships had their days of …………………. in the 1840s and 1850s.

a. glorious b. glory c. glorify d. gloriously

12. Tea loses its flavor quickly …………………… in the hold of a vessel.

a. when storing b. stored c. when stored d. storing

13. Earl was one of the first American artists …………………. landscapes.

a. painting b. painted c. for painting d. to paint

14. The crime rate has continued to rise in American cities despite efforts on the part of both government and private citizens to curb ……………..

a. them b. him c. its d. it

15. In 1778, he ……………… to London to study with Benjamin West for four years.

a. has gone b. had gone c. would go d. went

Task 12

Choose the correct option.

1. …………. every child in the school passed the swimming test.

a. Near to b. Near by c. Next to d. Nearly

2. She can look back on her career with great …………….

a. satisfied b. satisfaction c. satisfactory d. satisfactorily

3. The captain as well as the passengers …………….. frightened.

a. be b.. been c. was d. were

4. Ann has got two sisters. Both of them …………….. married.

a. have b. has c. is d. are

5. Each learner of English …………….. a good dictionary.

a. needs b. need c. is d. are

6. Money, nor fame, nor wealth …………….. brought happiness to everybody.

a. has b. have c. is d. are

7. They …………………….. at this school before they became interpreters.

a. have taught b. had taught c. taught d. were taught

8. The salary of a bus driver is much higher …………….

a. in comparison with the salary of a teacher b. than a teacher

c. than that of a teacher d. to compare as a teacher

9. Professional people expect you to call them when it is necessary … an appointment.

a. to cancel b. canceling c. cancel d.. canceled

10. A computer is usually chosen because of its simplicity of operation and ease of maintenance ……… its capacity to store information.

a. the same as b. the same c. as well as d. as well

11. In a new culture, many embarrassing situations occur ……………. a misunderstanding.

a. for b. because of c. because d. of

12. Neptune is an extremely cold planet, and …………….

a. so does Uranus b. so has Uranus c. so is Uranus d. Uranus so

13. …………… that gold was discovered at Sutter’s Mill and that the California Gold Rush began.

a. Because in 1848 b. That in 1848 c. In 1848 that it was d. It was in 1848

14. The job has no …………….

a. prospectively b. prospects c. prospector d. prospective

15. Frost occurs in valleys and on low grounds ……………on adjacent hills.

a. more frequently as b. as frequently than c. more frequently than d. frequently than

Task 13

Choose the correct option.

1. The consistency of protoplasm and that of glue …………….

a. they are alike b. are similar to c. are similar d. the same

2. The lights and appliances in most homes use alternating current ………

a. instead direct current b. instead of direct current c. that instead direct current d. for direct current instead

3. When Franklin Roosevelt decided to run for a fourth term, the opposition said that he was…

a. so old b. too old c. oldest d. very older

4. The decomposition of microscopic animals at the bottom of the sea results in an accumulation of ……………. in porous rocks. a. the oil b. oil c. an oil d. oils

5. They discussed the matter calmly and ……………..

a. reason b. reasoned b.. reasonable d. reasonably

6. I saw a sample ……………… her work and it was quite impressed.

a. of b. in c. on d. about

7. The U.S. postal service policy for check approval includes a requirement that two pieces of identification ………………

a. must present b. presented c. be presented d. for presentation

8. Nerve impulses ……………. to the brain at a speed of about one hundred yards per second.

a. sending sensations b. to send sensations c. send sensations d.. be send sensations

9. Although exact statistics vary because of political changes, ……………. separate nation states are included in the official lists at any one time.

a. more than two hundred b. as much as two hundred

c. many as two hundred d. most that two hundred

10. ……………. owe much of their success as a group to their unusual powers of migration.

a. That birds b. bird c. The bird d. Birds

11. I believe …………….. things openly.

a. of discussing b. for discussing c. in discussing d. on discussing

12. Research in the work place reveals that people work for many reasons

a. money beside b. money besides c. beside money d. besides money

13. Seals can ……………. because they have a thick layer of blubber under their fur.

a. keep them warm b. keep themselves warm c. they keep warm d. keep their warm

14. Both liquids and gases flow freely from a container because they have ……………..

a. not definite shape b. none definite shape c. nothing definite shape d. no definite shape

15. One of Shaw’s ……………., “Pygmalion”, was the story that formed the basis for the musical play “My Fair Lady».

a. greatest work b. greatest works c. the greatest work d. the greatest works

Список литературы:

1. Round Grammar Practice 3-5. Longman Pearson, 2006.

2. Essential Grammar in Use. R. Murphy. Cambridge University Press. 2006.

3. Grammar and Vocabulary. M. Mann, S. Taylore-Knowles. Macmillan. 2012.

4. KET Practice Test. Longman Pearson, 2004.

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Шаблон:Campus
Материал, который предлагается Вашему вниманию затрагивает самую, пожалуй, трудно понимаемый материал, касающийся сложноподчиненных предложений. Главную сложность представляет взаимозависимость времен в главном и придаточном (придаточных) предложениях.

Известно, что существует определенная зависимость в употреблении времени глагола-сказуемого придаточного предложения от времени, в котором стоит глагол-сказуемое главного предложения. Это правило называется правилом согласования (или последовательности) времен.

Правило согласования времен характерно главным образом для дополнительных придаточных предложений. Оно заключается в следующем:

Если глагол-сказуемое главного предложения стоит в настоящем или будущем времени, глагол-сказуемое придаточного предложения может стоять в любой временной форме, требуемой смыслом:

I think you are right.

Я думаю, вы правы

Do you know why he was absent yesterday?

Ты не знаешь, почему он вчера отсутствовал?

I’ll tell you what you will have to do.

Я скажу тебе, что тебе придется сделать.

Если глагол-сказуемое главного предложения стоит в прошедшем времени (обычно в Past Simple), то и глагол дополнительного придаточного предложения должен стоять в одном из прошедших времен, в том числе в будущем с точки зрения прошедшего (Future in the Past). Подобной зависимости в русском языке нет.

Сравните:

I didn’t know he could speak English.

Я не знал, что он говорит по-английски.

He told me that you were writing your composition.

Он сказал мне, что ты пишешь сочинение.

I hoped he would come.

Я надеялся, что он придет.

При этом для обозначения действия, одновременного с действием, выраженным сказуемым главного предложения, в придаточном предложении употребляется Past Simple или Past Progressive (в русском языке – настоящее время):

I thought you were ready.

Я думал, ты готов.

He told me he was preparing for his exams.

Он сказал мне, что готовится к экзаменам.

Для обозначения действия, предшествующего действию, выраженному сказуемым главного предложения, обычно употребляется Past Perfect (в русском языке – прошедшее время):

I didn’t know she had gone.

Я не знал, что она ушла.

При указании определенного времени (in 1937, yesterday) предшествующее действие выражается при помощи Past Simple:

I thought you came back from your trip yesterday.

Я думал, что ты вернулся из своей поездки вчера.

Для выражения будущего действия с точки зрения прошедшего времени употребляются формы Future in the Past (в русском языке – будущее время):

I didn’t expect you would be late.

Я не ожидал, что ты опоздаешь.

He said that he would meet us at the stadium.

Он сказал, что встретит нас на стадионе.

Аналогичным образом правило согласования времен действует в некоторых других типах придаточных предложений. Например:

в придаточных подлежащих и предикативных:

Why he had voted against him was a mystery.

Почему он проголосовал против него, было загадкой.

The only fear was that Tom would forget his promise.

Единственное, чего я боялся, это того, что Том забудет о своем обещании.

в аппозитивных придаточных:

She had the feeling that someone hidden in the bushes was watching her.

У нее было чувство, что кто-то, спрятавшись в кустах, наблюдает за ней.

в придаточных цели:

He pinned the note on the front door so that she could see it as soon as she came back.

Он приколол записку на входную дверь, чтобы она увидела ее, как только придет.

В других типах придаточных предложений (например, в определительных, временных, причинных, обстоятельственных и др.) выбор видовременной формы сказуемого является свободным и диктуется смыслом:

At the exhibition yesterday I saw the girl who lives next door to my brother’s.

Вчера на выставке я увидел девушку, которая живет по соседству с моим братом.
He was very busy because that month his firm was producing a new car.

В том месяце он был очень занят, потому что его фирма выпускала новый автомобиль.

Если дополнительное придаточное предложение является, в свою очередь, сложноподчиненным предложением с придаточным обстоятельственным предложением времени или условия и подчинено предложению с глаголом-сказуемым в прошедшем времени, то времена глаголов как в главной, так и в подчиненной части сложноподчиненного дополнительного предложения употребляются в соответствии с правилом согласования времен:

He said he would repair the elephone after he had read the article.

Он сказал, что починит телефон после того, как дочитает статью.

Правило согласования времен не применяется в следующих придаточных дополнительных предложениях, подчиненных главному с глаголом-сказуемым в прошедшем времени:

в придаточных дополнительных предложениях, которые выражают общеизвестное положение или факт:

You made me understand how important education is.

Ты заставил меня понять, как важно образование.

в придаточных дополнительных предложениях, сказуемое которых выражено глаголом в сослагательном наклонении.

Сравните:

If the storm were stronger, the waves would reach the tiny house.

Если бы шторм был сильнее, волны доставали бы до этого домика.

We saw that if the storm werestronger, the waves would reach the tiny house.

Мы видели, что если бы шторм был сильнее, волны доставали бы до этого домика.

в придаточных дополнительных предложениях, в состав сказуемого которых входит модальный глагол:

I said that you must do it at once.

Я сказал, что вы должны это сделать сразу же.

I said that you needn’t go there.

Я сказал, что вам не надо ходить туда.

в контексте настоящего времени (то есть в разговоре), когда в дополнительном придаточном предложении сообщается фактическое, а не относительное время событий.

Например:

Meg said he has been ringing you up all day, Mother.

Мэг сказала, что он звонит тебе весь день, мама.

I came to tell you that I’ll vote against you.

Я пришел сказать тебе, что буду голосовать против тебя.

You said you came in a taxi.

Ты сказал, что приехал на такси.

Однако следует иметь в виду, что тенденция соблюдать правило согласования времен и в этом случае очень сильна, что подтверждается многочисленными примерами:

I came to see how your health was.

Я пришел узнать, как твое здоровье.

I quite forgot it was my birthday today.

Я совсем забыл, что сегодня мой день рождения.

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