Как известно, Задания 26 – 31 на ЕГЭ – это упражнения на словообразование. Как показывает практика, очень многие считают эти задания едва ли не самыми сложными во всем ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Однако, за каждый из 6 правильных ответов вы можете получить 1 балл, а 6 баллов – это не мало, согласитесь. Поэтому сегодня мы решили обратить внимание именно на словообразование в ЕГЭ и подготовили для вас упражнения для подготовки.
Также в конце статьи вы найдете несколько полезных советов для подготовки к этой части ЕГЭ.
ВАЖНО: на сайте также есть материал, призванный помочь в подготовке к устной части ЕГЭ.
Упражнения для подготовки к ЕГЭ (словообразование).
Вы получите балл за каждый правильный ответ.
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 1. Образуйте подходящее по смыслу однокоренное слово.
White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal
The Kiev Prince Vladimir Monomach founded the ancient city of Vladimir in 1108 by. The city contains an important group of monuments. The Cathedral of the Assumption was intended to be the (1) ______________ center of all Russia. |
RELIGION |
It was built in the town Kremlin as a single-domed structure with the faсade (2) __________ for its carved reliefs. |
REMARK |
Most of the 12th-century frescoes were destroyed by Mongols, but new mural (3) ____________ were added in 1408 by Andrei Rublev and Daniil Chemii, in particular the famous Last Judgment. |
PAINT |
Suzdal, which lies some 25 km north of Vladimir, was the site of a (4) ____________ in the 9th and 10th centuries, which became a fortress. A posad, which was housing craftsmen and shopkeepers, developed around it. |
SETTLE |
Within, dominating the whole town stands the Cathedral of the Nativity with its five-domed top and Golden Doors. The interior (5) ________________ is important in Russian art. |
DECORATE |
The buildings in Vladimir and Suzdal have been the center of (6) _____________ tourism for several decades and a good deal of restoration has been carried out. |
CULTURE |
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 2. Образуйте подходящее по смыслу однокоренное слово.
Transport in Bangkok
Bangkok is known as the “Venice of the East”. Today, many of the canals have been filled in and paved over to make room for roads, but a massive network of waterways still crosses the city. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Bangkok experienced (1) ____________ influence. |
EUROPE |
As a result, the city (2) ____________ shifted to a road-based transport system. |
SLOW |
Over the last decade, Bangkok has evolved from a humid riverside city into a modern, rapidly growing Asian (3) ___________ center. Business travelers will appreciate the city’s growth in public transportation and its world-class airport |
COMMERCE |
The Suvamabhumi Airport, which is located 25km east of the city center, contributed greatly to Bangkok’s (4) _____________. |
DEVELOP |
A modern, convenient elevated rail link connects the airport to the city in 30 minutes, helping (5) ________ avoid traffic jams. |
VISIT |
The city’s modern public transportation system is a (6) __________ of sky trains and underground subways. It has transformed the bustling city center into a futuristic district of street-level roads, elevated roads and sky trains. |
COMBINE |
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 3. Образуйте подходящее по смыслу однокоренное слово.
Cyber communication.
The development of cyber communication — email, text messaging, and social networking — has revolutionized the way we communicate. Quick and ______________ communication via the Internet has proved essential to national governments, and to the individual. |
SUCCESS |
Now, we can send and receive important messages, communicate and clarify statements ____________ within seconds. |
PRACTICAL |
Cyber communication is very important in _______________ |
BUSY |
On a more individual level, cyber communication has transformed the method in which people communicate. In particular, social networking sites have provided access to people in every corner of the globe and their ______________ is growing. |
POPULAR |
This has helped old friends living far apart to maintain a close ______________ |
RELATION |
For many people, not just teens, social networking has become an alternative to __________ forms of communication — writing a letter, a face-to-face conversation, or a phone call. |
TRADITION |
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 4. Образуйте подходящее по смыслу однокоренное слово.
The history of paper
Writing has been the center of civilization for centuries. Most of our important records are on paper. In fact, putting thoughts down in written form wasn’t always easy or ______________ |
PRACTICE |
Early people discovered that they could make simple ___________ the walls of caves. |
DRAW |
__________________ , they couldn’t transport it. |
FORTUNATE |
Around 4000 B.C., people started scratching messages into heavy clay tablets. Although this form of written _____________ was now portable, it still was very heavy. |
COMMUNICATE |
For centuries, people tried to discover better surfaces on which to record their thoughts. Almost everything _______________ was tried. Wood, stone, ceramics, cloth, bark, metal, silk, bamboo, and tree leaves were all used as a writing surface at one time or another. |
IMAGINE |
No major changes in writing materials were to come for about 3,000 years. A Chinese man named Ts’ai Lun Ts’ai Lun, discovered a way to make paper. The importance of this _____________ is hard to overestimate. |
INVENT |
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 5. Образуйте подходящее по смыслу однокоренное слово.
History of fashion.
Different events in history influence how people dressed during those times. For example, during World War II people used the minimum amount of clothing materials to make simple outfits. They were ________ enough for wartime duties. |
PRACTICE |
The profession of _________________ was not popular at the time. |
DESIGN |
Sometimes social and political changes affect how people dress. For instance, in the 1980s the idea was that you could become as_________ as you believed yourself to be. Therefore, many people “dressed for success”. Many men and women wore suits that would help them move up the career ladder. |
SUCCESS |
Present-day fashion for men is still ____________ . Usually a dark-colored suit is worn with a white shirt and a tie. |
CONSERVE |
Some fashions are classic, meaning that they never go out of style. However, other clothing items are______________ for a short season only. |
FASHION |
Sometimes the ____________ of a particular outfit depends upon one person — a film star or a pop-singer. |
POPULAR |
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 6. Образуйте подходящее по смыслу однокоренное слово.
Russia at the 2012 London Olympics
There are different opinions as to the results of the Russian team at the London Olympics. In medal-winning terms, Russia’s 2012 ____________ is better than that at the Beijing Olympics in 2008, improving from 23 gold medals to 24 and up from a total of 73 medals to 82. |
PERFORM |
But the British were more _________ with 29 gold medals, moving Russia into the fourth place. |
SUCCESS |
The reaction in Russia during the first days of the Olympics was largely __________, but then changed as more and more medals were won. |
NEGATION |
Yet, we have to admit that in some ways our sportsmen were _____________. For example, there were no gold medals in weightlifting this time, though we usually had had a number of them at the Olympics. |
LUCK |
Alexander Zhukov, president of the Russian Olympic Committee, explains China’s success in the following way: “They have actually copied the Soviet system of children’s _______________. |
TRAIN |
He adds: «It is rather difficult for us to return to the Soviet system now and, besides, I doubt whether it is ______________ in this day and age» |
REASON |
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 7. Образуйте подходящее по смыслу однокоренное слово.
Understanding poetry
Poetry is a language used to form patterns of sound and thought into work of art. Good poems often seem to suggest more than they say, and complete understanding of the poem often depends upon the sensitivity and ____________ of the reader. |
IMAGINE |
Reading poetry in English can be especially ______________ to speakers of other languages because it requires them to think in English. |
HELP |
It also requires them to consider the subtle __________ and connotations of words. |
MEAN |
To understand the poem is to understand its images. An image is a detailed ___________ that appeals to the senses. |
DESCRIBE |
It is like a picture drawn with words and like words, it can have ______ meanings. |
VARY |
These images often do more than describe a scene or experience — they try to create an experience for the reader. Poems speak to us in many ways. Poems say to us something that cannot be _________ expressed in any direct or literal way. |
FULL |
Ответы к упражнениям для подготовки к ЕГЭ.
УПР. 1
Religious, remarkable, paintings, settlement, decoration, cultural
УПР. 2
European, slowly, commercial, development, visitors, combination
УПР. 3
Successful, practically, business, popularity, relationship, traditional
УПР. 4
Practical, drawings, unfortunately, communication, imaginable, invention
УПР. 5
Practically, designer, successful, conservative, fashionable, popularity
УПР. 6
Performance, successful, negative, unlucky, training, reasonable
УПР. 7
Imagination, helpful, meanings, description, various, fully
Советы по подготовке к ЕГЭ – словообразование.
Выполняя задания на словообразование в ЕГЭ, ученик фактически сталкивается с двумя проблемами:
- Необходимо образовать однокоренное слово
- Необходимо поставить получившееся слова в нужную по контексту грамматическую форму.
Например, если в результате словообразования получается существительное, то необходимо проверить, нет ли необходимости поставить его в форму множественного числа, если глагол – нужно подумать, не нужно ли окончание -s или -ed.
Поэтому, всякий раз, вставляя существительное или глагол, подумайте о форме.
ВАЖНО: очень часто готовясь к словообразованию в ЕГЭ, ученики забывают повторить отрицательные приставки, однако, подобные задания очень часто встречаются, а потому мы рекомендуем вам также следующую статью:
Отрицательные приставки в английском языке. Теория и упражнения
При работе с экзаменационным заданием вначале определите часть речи исходного слова и необходимую часть речи для пропуска. Сделать это можно в опоре на знание словообразовательных элементов и базовой лексики в принципе, с одной стороны, и знание простейшего синтаксиса английского предложения, с другой стороны. Так, например, в позиции между артиклем и существительным может находиться прилагательное.
Если исходное слово и пропущенное слово принадлежат к одной и той же части речи, что является частым случаем для имени прилагательного, учащимся следует подбирать соответствующую отрицательную приставку.
За каждый правильный ответ экзаменуемый получает один балл, т.е. максимум за полностью верное выполнение заданий на контроль лексико-грамматических (словообразовательных) навыков составляет 6 баллов.
Вероятно, вам также будет полезна статья Словообразование в английском — упражнения с ответами
Понравилось? Сохраните на будущее и поделитесь с друзьями!
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Этот тест направлен на отработку навыка словообразования при подготовке к ЕГЭ. Все задания составлены по материалам ЕГЭ ФИПИ.
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Образовательный тест
ЕГЭ
Словообразование
Word Formation
Пройти онлайн тест Подготовка к ЕГЭ. Словообразование. Часть 1. бесплатно без регистрации и без СМС
18.10.2020
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Бахтинова Наталья Евгеньевна
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1
Тип 25 № 48
Образуйте от слова CALCULATE однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Invention of Computer
Many encyclopedias say that the first computer was developed by Howard H. Aiken (and his team) in America between 1939 and 1944. It was a large-scale, programme-controlled machine which could make a very complex _____ .
1
Тип 19 № 41
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово BE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
New Seven Wonders of the World: Teotihuacan
Long ago Teotihuacan was an important religious and economic centre. However, after there _____ a great fire, for some unknown reason all the population decided to leave the city. This happened in 650AD.
2
Тип 20 № 42
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово SEE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Since then Teotihuacan _____ the Aztecs, the Spanish invasion and many other people and events.
3
Тип 21 № 43
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово REMAIN так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Nowadays Teotihuacan is visited by millions of people every year. Archeologists are sure that it _____ popular in the future being a must-see if you’re in Mexico City.
4
Тип 22 № 44
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово RULE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
New Seven Wonders of the World: the Forbidden City
Today, the Forbidden City is a public museum visited by millions of tourists from around the world. Until 1924 when the last emperor of China had to leave the palace, twenty four emperors of the two dynasties _____ here.
5
Тип 23 № 45
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово INVEST так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Chinese people _____ a lot of time and money in the Forbidden City lately and it is now a fantastic place to walk and dream of the past centuries.
6
Тип 24 № 46
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово KEEP так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
People from all over the world can see the traditional palace architecture, enjoy the treasures _____ in the palace, and learn of the legends and anecdotes about the imperial family and the court.
7
Задания Д25 № 47
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово VISIT так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Protected by UNESCO, the Palace Museum _____ by millions of tourists every year.
8
Тип 26 № 49
Образуйте от слова DISCOVER однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
However, after World War II an important _____ was made that the first computer was, in fact, made in Germany in 1941 by Konrad Zuce.
9
Тип 27 № 50
Образуйте от слова SCIENCE однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Later Konrad Zuce founded a company in order to build computers that could be used by an engineer or a _____ .
10
Тип 28 № 51
Образуйте от слова SIMILAR однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Konrad Zuce also developed the first real programming language, which shows an amazing _____ to today’s most advanced computer languages.
11
Тип 29 № 52
Образуйте от слова KNOWN однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Unfortunately, the role of this man, who was years ahead of his time, is still _____ to many people.
2
Тип 25 № 94
Образуйте от слова USUAL однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Invention of Bubble Gum
Bubble gum is a type of chewing gum that is especially designed for blowing bubbles. It is ______ pink in colour and has a particular flavour.
1
Тип 19 № 87
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово GREAT так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
New Seven Wonders of the World: the Great Wall of China
Just like a gigantic dragon, the Great Wall runs up and down deserts, mountains and grasslands for 6,700 kilometers from east to west of China. It is one of the ______ wonders of the world with more than 2,000 years of history.
2
Тип 20 № 88
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово BUILD так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
The Great Wall ______ by several Chinese dynasties in order to protect the Chinese Empire from different aggressors.
3
Тип 21 № 89
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово BEGIN так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
The building of the Wall of stone and earth ______ in the 6th century BC and lasted until the 16th century AD.
4
Тип 22 № 90
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово KNOW так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
It ______ that from 2 to 3 million Chinese people died during its construction.
5
Тип 23 № 91
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово BECOME так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Since then, the Great Wall of China ______ a symbol of wisdom and bravery of the Chinese people and a monument of the Chinese nation for many hundreds of years.
6
Тип 24 № 92
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово BRING так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Nowadays, a visit to the Great Wall is like a tour through history backwards; it ______ tourists great excitement to walk on the Great Wall of China, to stand on a watchtower and view the wall disappearing in the distance.
7
Задания Д25 № 93
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово SEE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
This treasure is protected by UNESCO and future generations ______ the Great Wall with the same wonder and amazement as we do now.
8
Тип 26 № 95
Образуйте от слова DIFFER однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
In 1928 it was invented by Walter E. Diemer who worked for the Fleer Chewing Gum Company in Philadelphia. In his spare time Diemer was trying new gum recipes and, by accident, invented a ______ gum.
9
Тип 27 № 96
Образуйте от слова STICK однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
It was less ______ than regular chewing gum and it stretched more easily.
10
Тип 28 № 97
Образуйте от слова POSSIBLE однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
When Walter Diemer, who was 23 years old at that time, saw the bubbles, produced by his new gum, he saw the ______ of making money.
11
Тип 29 № 98
Образуйте от слова DEMONSTRATE однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
He took the gum, which he had given the name Bubble Bubble, to the nearby grocery store and made a ______ to the salesmen to show the extraordinary features of his gum.
3
Образуйте от слова REAL однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Invention of Crossword Puzzle
Crossword puzzles are the most popular word puzzles in the world. However, their history is ______ short.
1
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово LARGE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
New Seven Wonders of the World: Teotihuacan
Teotihuacan is an enormous archaeological site in Mexico. It contains some of the ______ pyramids in America.
2
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово KNOW так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Also, the archaeological site of Teotihuacan ______ for the so-called ‘street of the dead’ and its colourful frescos.
3
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово BECOME так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Between 1AD and 250AD Teotihuacan ______ an important religious and economic centre when the construction of the Pyramids of the Sun and Moon had been finished.
4
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово THEY так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
At that time as many as 200,000 people lived in Teotihuacan in ______ 2,000 houses.
5
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово POPULAR так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
New Seven Wonders of the World: the Forbidden City
Today, the Forbidden City is a public museum that draws the attention of millions of travellers and tourists from around the world. Some people think that it is one of the ______ sights in the world.
6
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово BUILD так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
It ______ as the Chinese imperial palace by one of the emperors. It was also the ceremonial and political centre of the Chinese government for almost five centuries.
7
Задания Д25 № 185
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово INCLUDE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Now it is known as the Palace Museum that covers 74 hectares ______ over 900 buildings with 9 999 rooms.
8
Образуйте от слова APPEAR однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
They were created in the 19th century in England, but the ______ of the first published crossword puzzle took place in 1913 in the New York World newspaper.
9
Образуйте от слова JOURNAL однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
The author of the puzzle was Arthur Wynne, a ______ born in Liverpool, England.
10
Образуйте от слова DIFFER однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Wynne’s crossword puzzle looked much ______ from the crosswords used today and had no black squares.
11
Образуйте от слова POPULAR однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
At first, only the New York World published such puzzles every week. But in 1924 the first collection of World puzzles was printed in book form and crossword puzzles immediately gained ______ .
4
Образуйте от слова MOVE однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Migrating Birds
In autumn you can see large flocks of birds flying from Russia to warmer countries. In spring, they come back to us. Migration is the periodic seasonal ______ of birds.
1
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово PLAY так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
The ‘All Blacks’
Rugby is the most popular sport in New Zealand. The country even has a Rugby Museum. The game ______ there as early as the 1860s.
2
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово CALL так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
The game spread quickly. Soon New Zealand’s national team appeared. It ______ the “All Blacks” and not because of the colour of the players’ skin.
3
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово MAN так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
They got their name because all the ______ in the team wore black shorts, shirts, socks and shoes when they play rugby.
4
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово ONE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
In 1884 they went to New South Wales, Australia to play and won eight games! It was the ______ international competition for them.
5
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово NOT MEAN так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Before a rugby match, the “All Blacks” dance a special Maori war dance. The Maories are the New Zealand aborigines. It ______ that all the players in the team are Maori but they all perform the dance.
6
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово LIVE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Today the most popular player is Jonah Lomu. He is a ______ legend of New Zealand rugby.
7
Задания Д25 № 277
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово YOUNG так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
He was just 19 when he started playing for the “All Blacks” in 1994 and became the ______ player in rugby history.
8
Образуйте от слова SCIENCE однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
The main routes connect Europe and Africa, Europe and South-Eastern Asia and Australia, North and South America. How do we know about these routes? ______ study birds. They catch birds, place small bands with numbers on the birds’ legs and then let the birds fly away. Some of these banded birds are caught again. The band tells about the route.
9
Образуйте от слова QUICK однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Some birds fly very ______ and they can feed on the wing. They migrate in the daytime.
10
Образуйте от слова DARK однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Swallows and swifts do this. Cuckoos fly during the night and rest and feed during the day. Swimming birds can fly both during the day and night, in complete ______ .
11
Образуйте от слова POWER однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
How long can birds fly for without a stop? The tiny hummingbird weighs only about as much as a small coin. But it has ______ wings.
5
Образуйте от слова DARK однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
The Least Successful Explorer
Thomas Nuttall spent many years studying the plants and trees in north-west America. He was different from most other explorers because he was almost always lost.
One night he did not come back and a group went out to search for him. When Nuttall heard them in the ______ , he was frightened.
1
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово MAKE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
A Picnic Spot
‘It’s a perfect day for a picnic’, said Mr. Wolf. ‘Do you think you could pack us a lunch?’
‘I certainly could’, said Mrs. Wolf. So the decision ______ .
2
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово CAN NOT так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
But once she and Mr. Wolf and their son and daughter were out in the summer woods, they ______ find the right spot.
3
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово THREE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
One picnic spot was too shady, another was too sunny and hot. The ______ had no wild flowers around it.
4
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово GOOD так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
And when at last they found one with all those things, Mrs. Wolf cried, ‘Oh, but here there’s no water. Surely we can find a ______ spot than this one.’
5
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово CHILD так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
When it was lunchtime, everyone was very hungry. At last the ______ cried:
‘Please hurry up and choose a picnic place.’
‘Yes, please, do.’ Mr. Wolf said. ‘This basket is so heavy.’
6
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово WE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
‘All right,’ agreed Mrs. Wolf. ‘Let_______ just go round the next turn in the path — and there we will eat.’
7
Задания Д25 № 323
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово LOOK так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
So they went around the turn and soon came into their own back yard! Mr. Wolf quickly put down his basket. ‘It’s a perfect spot for a picnic,’ he said ______ around with a smile.
‘Chairs, and a table, and a pool — and a beautiful flower garden!’ And they decided to have picnics there all summer long.
8
Образуйте от слова POSSIBLE однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
You may think it was ______ , but he believed that they were Indians and tried to escape.
9
Образуйте от слова SERVE однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Getting more and more angry, Nuttall’s ______ chased him for three days through the forest and across rivers until he accidentally arrived back at their tents.
10
Образуйте от слова SCIENCE однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Another day the ______ was lost again. He was walking for many hours, he felt very tired, so he lay down to rest.
11
Образуйте от слова POWER однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
An Indian found him lying there.
Nuttall did not look dangerous. In fact, he looked quite helpless. The Indian felt sorry for him and decided not to kill him. Instead, the strong-built, ______ man picked the explorer up and carried him three miles to the river.
Пройти тестирование по этим заданиям
Добрый день, читатели блога grammar-tei.com. Сегодня мы займемся словообразованием и выполним несколько упражнений на словообразование в английском языке. Все упражнения даются с ответами, поэтому Вы сможете проверить себя.
Тема словообразование в английском – очень сложная, поэтому практиковаться нужно много. Всем известно, что задания на словообразования есть в ЕГЭ. Не будем откладывать и выполним упражнения на словообразование в английском.
Задания на словообразование. Word building exercises.
Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки. Образуйте существительные.
- The study calculated that replacing weekly fruit juice … with whole fruits could bring health benefits. (consume)
- For my birthday Mother baked a cake with yellow … . (ice)
- Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are called … because they provide the fuel your body needs. (nutrition)
- Many women have to juggle … and a full-time job. (mother)
- … are unavoidable when three … live under one roof. (argue, generate)
- Her deep … of her sister was evident. (hate)
- Older people who live alone often need help with gardening and house … (maintain)
- Positive attitude helps employees to get along with … and managers. (worker)
- China’s air… has cut life … by an average of 5.5 years in the north of the country and caused higher rates of lung cancer. (pollute, expect)
- It is much safer to use stainless steel or glass … instead of plastic ones. (contain)
Упражнение 2. Раскройте скобки. Образуйте прилагательные.
- My favorite … book is “Appetite” by Nigel Slater. (cooker)
- Eating can also make you …, and so can waking up in the morning. (thirst)
- You shouldn’t rest on your laurels but try to improve your … performance. (academy)
- Highly … gas is naturally found in coal mines. (explode)
- An … species is a species of organisms facing a very high risk of extinction. (danger)
- The most… earthquake struck in Shanxi, China 1556. (disaster)
- … exploitation of nature by man has resulted in the effects we have to deal with now. (thought)
- Laos is a landlocked … country, widely covered by tropical forest. (mountain)
- I decided to take a walk. It would be too … to wait in the queue. (tire)
Упражнение 3. Используйте отрицательные приставки. Образуйте подходящие по смыслу слова.
- The service was slow and the waiter’s familiarity was … , so we left without paying. (accept)
- Some children are a challenge, especially when they … in public places. (behaviour)
- To my … , the restaurant was overbooked and we had to spend the evening at home. (appoint)
- Michael was … about what dessert to order. (decide)
- Parents’… of their children’s behaviour and life choices can ruin their lives. (approve)
- There is a huge difference between … children and those merely … to listen to their parents’ advice. (obey, will)
- Young children mustn’t be left … either at home or at public places. (attention)
- She was frequently left alone by her … husband. (faith)
- If you describe someone as …, you are criticising them because they are unable to do their job or a task properly or are … to act in this capacity. (competence, qualifications)
- Banks are still seen as … and many people keep their savings at home. (security)
Упражнение 4. Раскройте скобки, образуйте глаголы.
- Guar gum also is used in the food industry to … products like ice cream. (thick)
- Old Manchester houses are made of red brick… by soot. (black)
- David spotted the pink silk lampshade in a shop and thought it would … up the room. (bright)
- Do we ever stop to think about the importance of the air we … ? (breath)
- I’d like to … this dress for one in a larger size. (change)
- They … 100 dollars from a bank account an hour ago. (draw)
Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки. Образуйте подходящие по смыслу слова.
- Sometimes one’s … are the only people one can … in. (parental, confidence)
- Many people … that getting a spouse can put them out of their…, which later… wrong, because sometimes marriage makes life more difficult. (belief, miserable, proof)
- An … Roman … has been discovered in northwest England, (extend, settle)
- The dining-room is elegantly … and … carpeted, (furniture, luxury)
- Everyone is … of her having the chance to … abroad, (envy, student)
- When employers look at… candidates, beyond skills, experience, and training, they look for those who demonstrate … (prospect, enthuse)
- In the city the … and … were insufferable, (hot, humid)
- Our planet’s… regions, located just north and south of the equator, are known for their… and … (tropic, warm, humid)
- Next to Shakespeare, no … gets more love on Broadway than Tennessee Williams, (play)
- During Elizabeth’s reign England significantly … its trade … and in 1580 Sir Francis Drake became the first Englishman to successfully … the earth, (expansion, sea, circumnavigation)
Упражнение 6. Образуйте слова от данных. Вставьте слова в текст.
A.
RESTORATION, LOOK, DEMOLITION, EXTEND, GOTH, ACCOMMODATE, PANELLING, UNEXPECTED
Located in Wiltshire, an outstanding and beautifully __________ (1), late ________ (2) style manor house was built of limestone. Originally it was a much larger property that was mostly ___________ (3). Solid in appearance and structure, it offers _________ (4) and well presented ___________ (5). As one would ___________ (6) there is a grand drawing room with oak _________ (7) walls and a large open fireplace. The large windows __________ (8) a parkland setting.
B.
FORM, ILLEGAL, EDUCATIONAL, QUALIFICATIONS, TUITION
Home education is when a child is __________ (1) at home rather than at school. It’s perfectly __________ (2) in the UK and one doesn’t need to be a __________ (3) teacher to do so. Children who are home educated receive all their education from their parents, sometimes with the help of outside __________ (4). If you decide to home educate your child you don’t have to follow __________ (5) rules about how you teach or when you teach.
C.
CHIEF, SEARCH, SCIENCE, INDUCE, COLLECT, APPLY, ADOPTION, FOUND
English philosopher, statesman, and jurist who rose to become Lei Chancellor (1618—1621) to James I but is __________ (1) remembered for the status he gave to __________ (2) research in England. Although his name is associated with the method of __________ (3) and the rejection of a priori reasoning in science, the painstaking __________ (4) of miscellaneous facts without any use of error theory which he supported in the Novum Organum has never been __________ (5) as a practical method of __________ (6). The __________ (7) of the Baconian method was, however, an important object in the __________ (8) of the Royal Society some years later.
D.
DEPTH, HARMLESS, DESIRE, MODERATE, ACCESS
We’ve all heard of emotional eating. There’s also such a thing as emotional shopping. In __________ (1), neither of these activities is __________ (2), but in excess both can have serious consequences. The __________ (3) and the affordability of goods make shopping all the more appealing. For many compulsive buyers, a big part of the appeal of shopping is the process of searching out and obtaining that new, better, __________ (4) item. This process is so mesmerising that it often ruins long-term financial plans, leaving shoppers __________ (5) in debt.
Ответы к упражнениям на словообразование. Word building exercises – answers.
Exercise 1.
1 consumption, 2 icing, 3 nutrients, 4 motherhood/maternity, 5 arguments, generations, 6 hatred, 7 maintenance, 8 co-workers, 9 pollution, expectancy
Exercise 2.
1 cookery, 2 thirsty, 3 academic, 4 explosive, 5 endangered, 6 disastrous, 7 thoughtless, 8 mountainous, 9 tiresome
Exercise 3.
1 unacceptable, 2 misbehave, 3 disappointment, 4 indecisive, 5 disapproval, 6 disobedient, unwilling, 7 unattended, 8 unfaithful, 9 incompetent, unqualified, 10 insecure
Exercise 4.
1 thicken, 2 blackened, 3 brighten, 4 breathe, 5 exchange, 6 withdrew
Exercise 5.
1 parents, confide, 2 believe, misery, proves, 3 extensive, settlement, 4 furnished, luxuriously 5 envious, study, 6 prospective, enthusiasm, 7 heat, humidity, 8 tropic (al), warmth, humidity, 9 playwright, 10 expanded, oversea (s), circumnavigate
Exercise 6.
A
1 restored, 2 gothic, 3 demolished, 4 extensive 5 accommodation, 6 expect, 7 panel (l) ed, 8 overlook
B
1 educated, 2 legal, 3 qualified, 4 tutors, 5 formal
C
1 chiefly, 2 scientific, 3 induction, 4 collection, 5 adopted, 6 research, 7 application, 8 foundation
D.
1 moderation, 2 harmful, 3 accessibility, 4 desirable, 5 deeply
Надеюсь, эти упражнения на словообразование помогут Вам в изучении этого непростого раздела английского языка. Word building exercises are very useful!
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Многие новые слова в английском языке образуются путем аффиксации, когда к началу или концу слова (корня) прибавляются префиксы en—joy, dis—like, re—read или суффиксы develop—ment, self—ish.
Аффиксы – префиксы и суффиксы. Префиксы стоят в начале слова, а суффиксы – в конце.
Префиксы, как правило, изменяют значение слова, но не меняют его принадлежности к той или иной части речи:
order (существительное) порядок — disorder (существительное) беспорядок.
Суффиксы служат для образования одной части речи их другой:
beauty (существительное) красота – beautiful (прилагательное) красивый.
Префиксы
Префиксы с отрицательным значением
Префиксы с отрицательным значением – un-, in-, dis-, non-.
Un-
comfortable – uncomfortable,
limited — unlimited.
Префикс un— иногда присоединяется к глаголам для выражения противоположного действия:
to load — to unload,
to lock — to unlock,
In-
ability — inability,
complete — incomplete.
Перед l префикс in— превращается в il-, перед r – в ir-, а перед m и p — в im-:
legal — illegal,
regular — irregular,
patient — impatient.
Dis—
Этот префикс выражает отрицание или противоположное действие:
отрицание противоположное действие
to like – to dislike, to appear – to disappear,
honest – dishonest, to arm — to disarm.
Non—
Слова с префиксом non— чаще всего пишутся через дефис:
conductor – non—conductor.
Префиксы с разными значениями
Префикс |
Значение |
Соответствие русской приставке |
Примеры |
anti- |
отрицание |
анти- противо- |
fascist — antifascist |
co- |
между, взаимно |
со- |
existence – co-existence |
counter- |
контр- |
attack — counterattack |
|
ex- |
бывший |
экс- |
champion — ex-champion |
en- |
делать |
rich — enrich |
|
inter- |
между, среди, взаимно |
national — international |
|
mis- |
неправильно, неверно |
to understand – to misunderstand |
|
over- |
сверх, чрезмерно |
пере- |
to load – to overload |
post- |
после (противоположен по значению префиксу pre-) |
war – postwar |
|
pre- |
перед, ранее |
до- |
historic — prehistoric |
re- |
снова, заново, вновь. |
пере- |
to read – to reread |
sub- |
под |
division — subdivision |
|
ultra- |
ультра-, сверх |
short — ultrashort |
|
under- |
недостаточно (противоположен по значению префиксу over-) |
to pay — to underpay |
Суффиксы
Суффиксы существительных
Суффикс |
Значение |
Примеры |
—age |
а) действие, условие или резуль- тат; б) количественное значение или значение собирательности; в) место действия, место жительства |
to marry – marriage acre — acreage herb – herbage to harbour — harbourage |
-ance -ence |
процесс, состояние или свойство |
important – importance different — difference |
-dom |
абстрактные и собирательные существительные, обозначающие: а) общественный статус или яв- ление; б) состояние |
king — kingdom free — freedom |
-ее |
лицо, на которое направлено действие |
to address — addressee |
—er, -or |
действующее лицо |
to sell – seller to visit — visitor |
-ery, -ary, -ry |
а) место; б) действие, род занятия или деятельности; поведение или связанное с ним качество; в) состояние или положение |
to bind – bindery to rob – robbery chemist – chemistry slave — slavery |
-hood |
а) состояние, общественное поло- жение; б) качества, свойства; в) совокупность людей или семей-ные отношения |
child — childhood saint — sainthood brother — brotherhood |
-ian |
национальная принадлежность |
Russia — Russian |
-ician |
лицо по роду работы, занятий |
mathematics — mathematician |
-ion, -ation, -tion, -sion, -ssion |
а) действие, процесс, состояние; б) абстрактное понятие; свойство, качество |
to transform – transformation to accommodate — accomo-dation |
—ism |
отвлеченные имена существитель- ные |
Marx — Marxism |
—ist |
профессия, принадлежность к партии, религии, философскому течению |
to type — typist Marxist |
-ment |
a) действие, процесс, состояние; б) результат действия или продукт деятельности |
to move – movement to improve – improvement |
-ness |
качество или состояние |
hарру — happiness |
-ship |
а) положение человека в обществе; звание, должность, титул; б) умение, мастерство, искусство; занятие; с) чувство, отношение к чему-либо; д) абстрактные понятия |
captain – captainship draftsman – draftsmanship comrade – comradeship citizen — citizenship |
-ute, -ture |
а) процесс, состояние; свойства; абстрактное понятие; б) сфера деятельности; офици-альное учреждение и его функции |
to depart – departure portrait – portraiture |
-y |
абстрактные и собирательные существительные |
soldier — soldiery |
Exercises
- Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффикса –er или —or. Переведите на русский язык.
To act, to conduct, to compose, to direct, to drive, to fight, to found, to invent, to lead, to mine, to read, to report, to speak, to teach.
- Образуйте от данных слов существительные при помощи суффиксов —ist, —ism, —ian. Переведите на русский язык.
Art, social, type, capital, music, international, piano, electric, Canada, Russia.
- Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффикса –ment. Переведите на русский язык.
To improve, to measure, to disappoint, to pave, to announce, to agree, to state, to govern, to require, to arrange, to move, to develop, to achieve.
- Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффиксов –ion, —ation, —sion, —ssion, —tion. Переведите на русский язык.
To collect, to combine, to connect, to dictate, to include, to introduce, to produce, to restrict, to submit.
- Образуйте от данных прилагательных существительные с помощью суффикса –ness. Переведите на русский язык.
Bitter, absolute, damp, cold, dark, kind, happy, weak.
6. Образуйте как можно больше существительных, используя префиксы и суффиксы из таблицы. Можно пользоваться словарем.
dis- excite -y
un- appoint -ship
im- honest -ment
patient —ness
success —ion
direct -full
kind -less
profit
help
friend
luck
like
Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами – существительными.
7.
More and more often people are told not to be in direct sunlight, because ultraviolet (1)________ from the sun can cause skin cancer. Normally the ozone (2)________ in the atmosphere protects us from such radiation, if there are no holes in it. Many scientists think that these holes are the result of air (3)____________ . The air needs (4)________ and care. Man is beginning to understand that his (5)_________ is not just his own town or country, but the whole earth. |
RADIATE LAY POLLUTE PROTECT ENVIRON |
KEY: 1 radiation, 2 layer, 3 pollution, 4 protection, 5 environment.
8.
(1)__________ are proud of their Constitution. It was written more than 200 years ago and it is still working! But the people of the United states can change the Constitution. Changes in the Constitution are called (2)___________. The first ten of them are called the Bill of Rights. They were made in 1791. The Bill of Rights guarantees to people of the USA very important rights and (3)__________. Soon after the Civil War (1861-1865) there were three important amendments. The 13th amendment ended (4)_________ , the 14th amendment made all Black people (5)__________ of the United States, the 15th amendment gave Blacks the right to vote. |
AMERICA AMEND FREE SLAVE CITY |
Key: 1 Americans, 2 amendments, 3 freedoms, 4 slavery, 5 citizens.
9.
Lord Byron (1788-1824) didn’t live a long life. He was an aristocrat and a fashionable man. But he loved (1)_________ and a simple country life. His (2)_________ attracted Britain and all Europe. He brought to his (3)_________ romanticism of his times. He was talented and handsome, noble and brave. (4)_________ admired him. In 1812 he became famous after the (5)__________of his autobiographic poem “Childe Harold”. |
FREE PERSONAL POET LONDON PUBLIC |
KEY: 1 freedom, 2 personality, 3 poetry, 4 Londoners, 5 publication.
10.
I always wanted to be a great (1)_________. I had the dreams of discovering a new drug that would save the lives of hundreds of people. Unfortunately I was never good at (2)_________ at school and the teacher used to be very cross with me. After a while I decided I would become an (3)_________ and design an amazing new (4)_________ which would become a household name. A few weeks later I had a brilliant idea for a pen that would write upside down. To my (5)_________ a friend of mine pointed out that it was not a new (6)________. |
SCIENCE SHEMIST INVENT PRODUCE DISAPPOINT DISCOVER |
Key: 1 scientist, 2 chemistry, 3 inventor, 4 production, 5 disappointment, 6 discovery.
11.
The trade union (1) _____________ has a long and important history in Britain, but since 1980 the influence of trade unions has declined dramatically. Trade union (2)_____________ has fallen because of changes in the structure of (3)______ , including (4)__________, the shift away from manufacturing, the rise in smaller firms, the increase in part-time employment, and the constructing out of work. The Conservative government restricted unions’ (5)___________ to launch strikes and made unions legally responsible for the actions of(6)____________; this has considerably reduced union power and substantially decreased the number of strikes, called (7)____________. |
MOVE MEMBER EMPLOY PRIVATIZE ABLE STRIKE STOP |
Key: 1 movement, 2 membership, 3 employment, 4 privatization, 5 ability, 6 strikers, 7 stoppages.
Суффиксы прилагательных
Суффикс |
Значение |
Примеры |
-able |
а) возможность осуществления; б) обладание некоторым качест-вом |
to change – changeable to comfort — comfortable |
-al |
подобие, сходство, обладание некоторым сходством |
addition — additional |
-an, -ian -ean |
принадлежность к какой-нибудь народности, родовому клану; идеологическому течению, науч-ной школе и т. п |
Arab — Arabian |
-ant, -ent |
cоответствующие существитель-ные имеют суффиксы –ant и —ent |
importance – important difference — different |
-ar |
обладание чем-то, сходство с чем-то |
circle — circular |
-ary -ery |
качество |
diet — dietary |
-en |
сделанный из чего-либо |
wood — wooden |
-er |
сравнительная степень прилага-тельных |
big — bigger |
-ern |
прилагательные, образованные от названий сторон света |
east — eastern |
-ese |
национальность или язык |
China – Chinese |
-est |
превосходная степень прилага-тельных |
tall – the tallest |
-ic, |
состав, структура чего-либо, отношение к чему-либо |
drama — dramatic |
—ish |
а) национальная принадлежность; б) слабая степень качества (соответствует русским суффиксам –оват, еват) |
Scotland – Scottish red — reddish |
-ive |
относящийся к, принадлежащий, связанный с |
nature — native |
-ful |
наличие качества |
beauty — beautiful |
-less |
отсутствие качества |
hope — hopeless |
-ous |
обладающий данным свойством, признаком, характеристикой в значительной степени |
danger — dangerous |
-y |
качество |
stone — stony |
Exercises
1. Образуйте от данных существительных прилагательные при помощи суффиксов –full и —less. Переведите их на русский язык.
Aim, care, beauty, hope, doubt, fruit, use, power, thank, harm, colour.
2. Образуйте от данных глаголов прилагательные при помощи суффиксов –able и —ible. Переведите их на русский язык.
To change, to eat, to compare, to convert, to profit, to read, to comfort, to respect, to expect.
3. Образуйте от данных существительных прилагательные при помощи суффикса –al. Переведите на русский язык.
Centre, culture, form, intellect, post, accident, comic.
4. Образуйте от данных существительных прилагательные при помощи суффикса –y. Переведите на русский язык.
Cloud, dirt, fog, frost, rain, sun, thirst, wind.
5. Образуйте как можно больше прилагательных, используя префиксы и суффиксы из таблицы. Можно пользоваться словарем.
un- patient -able
dis- history -al
non- honest -ant
in- west —ern
il- marvel -y
ir- happy -less
im- national -ous
pre- conscious -ful
post- act -ish
inter- war —ive
legal -ic
regular —ern
capable
beauty
hope
boy
sun
rain
skill
home
care
comfort
brown
interest
usual
help
Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами – прилагательными.
6.
All my classmates say that I’m (1)________. I enjoy wearing (2)________ clothes. I like to look smart and (3)________. We can’t go through life with the same hairstyle or make-up. It’s very (4)_________ to follow fashion. I hate when people dress alike, because they buy clothes in “chain” stores. I prefer hand-made or design clothes. My classmates say that I’m (5)________, but it’s not a sin, is it? Sometimes I turn up in something really (6)_________. When you are up with fashion you feel you are individual. |
TREND STYLE ATTRACT IMPORTANCE MATERIALIST EXTRAVAGANCE |
Key: 1 trendy, 2 stylish, 3 attractive, 4 important, 5 materialistic, 6 extravagant.
7.
For (1)_________ people, the ‘Far East” is the broad coast along the Pacific Ocean, facing Alaska in the far north and Japan in the sub-tropical south, and including the large island of Sakhalin. Inland lie forests, mountains, lakes, rivers and marshes known as Siberia. Siberia is usually divided into Western and Eastern, the former is (2)________ and low-lying and rich in oil, the latter is (3)________and rich in minerals, gold and diamonds. The twenty million people who live in this region are mostly Russians and Ukrainians by origin. Besides there live other people. They all call themselves (4)_______ and speak of Russia as beginning west of the Urals. |
RUSSIA MARSH MOUNTAIN SIBERIA |
KEY: 1 Russian, 2 marshy, 3 mountainous, 4 Siberians.
8.
Water pollution is a serious (1)________ problem today. “Water, water everywhere, not any drop to drink,” said the sailor from Coleridge’s poem describing to a friend how awful it was to be without drinking water on a ship in the middle of the ocean. It is strange to think that the water around his ship was probably quite safe to drink. It was (2)________ — but not polluted. The sea waters today are much more (3)_________ . Many seas are used for dumping (4)________ and nuclear waste. |
ECOLOGY SALT DANGER INDUSTRY |
Key: 1 ecological, 2 salty, 3 dangerous, 4 industrial.
9.
The United States is a large country with many (1)__________ natural wonders. It goes from the shores of the Atlantic Ocean to the islands of Hawaii in the Pacific, and from cold, snowy (2)__________ Alaska to (3)_________ Florida in the southeast. Also, it has many kinds of land – (4)________ coasts, dry empty deserts, (5)__________ rivers, wide plains and grasslands, lakes of all sizes, high mountains, great forests, sunny beaches and lands of (6)__________ winter. More than 250 million people live in the US. But the country is very big, so there is still a lot of open space and (7)_______ scenery outside the cities. Americans have tried to save many of the most (8)__________ wild areas of the United States. There are a lot of parks, forests and wildlands where you can enjoy the beauty and power of wild America. The Grand Canyon, Yosemite Valley, and Yellow-stone are among the most (9)________. |
DIFFER NORTH SUN ROCK POWER END NATURE BEAUTY FAME |
KEY: 1 different, 2 northern, 3 sunny, 4 rocky, 5 powerful, 6 endless, 7 natural, 8 beautiful, 9 famous.
10. Переведите следующие слова, выделите в них суффиксы и префиксы. Назовите часть речи.
Brotherhood, helpless, boredom, unequal, drinkable, golden, leader, Japanese, secondary, anti-fascist, similar, peacemaker, surgery, furniture, comical, convenient, acceptable, achievement, anonymous, academician, Georgian, disarmament, witty, hysterical, Buddhism, co-existence, scientific, materialist, radiant, rootless, international, measurement, underground, creature, dirty, agrarian, absoluteness, yellowy, inventor, technical, various, tactless, comradeship, creature, reddish.
Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами – существительными и прилагательными.
11.
Alan Alexander Milne, the youngest of the family’s three sons, went to Westminster School at the age of 11 and then went on to Cambridge to become a (1)__________ . But he never did. Instead he became (2)_________ of the university journal “Granta” in which he published some of his light (3)_________ poems. Then he went to London hoping to earn his living as a (4)_______. By and by London magazines began to publish his (5)________ works, and in 1905 he published his first book, a shilling paper-back (6)_________ of humorous essays. Aged only 24 he was given a post of (7)________ editor of the (8)__________ magazine “Punch”. |
MATHEMATICS EDIT HUMOUR WRITE WIT COLLECT ASSIST FAME |
Key: 1 mathematician, 2 editor, 3 humorous, 4 writer, 5 witty, 6 collection, 7 assistant, 8 famous.
12.
The Olympic Games are an (1)___________ sports festival that began in ancient Greece. The (2)_________ Greek games took place every fourth year for several hundred years, until they were brought to an end in the early (3)__________ era. The Olympic games were renewed in 1896, and since then they have been staged every fourth years, except during World War I and World War II. Perhaps the main (4)_________ between ancient and modern Olympics is that for the ancient Greeks the Games were a way of saluting their gods, when the modern Games are a manner of saluting the (5)________ talents of people of all nation. The original Olympics included (6)__________ in music, oratory, and theatre (7)_________ as well. The modern Games haven’t got them, but they represent a lot more sports than before. For two weeks and a half any international conflicts must be stopped and replaced with friendly competitions. This is the noble idea on which the modern Olympic (8)________ is based. |
NATION ORIGIN CHRIST DIFFER ATHLETE COMPETE PERFORM MOVE |
Key: 1 international, 2 original, 3 Christian, 4 difference, 5 athletic, 6 competitions, 7 performances, 8 movement.
13.
The people of the United States are a (1)________ of many (2)________. Every American schoolchild learns that the United States is the big “melting pot” of countries. In a melting pot (3)________ metals are melted together to make a new metal. The United States is like a melting pot for people. In the past, people from many different (4)_________ countries came to the US and made one country out of many. These different people brought to their new land a (5)________ mixture of customs and traditions. The Germans brought Christmas trees, the Irish brought St. Patrick’s Day (6)__________, the Scots brought Hallowe’en. |
MIX NATION DIFFER EUROPE WONDER CELEBRATE |
Key: 1 mixture, 2 nationalities, 3 different, 4 European, 5 wonderful, 6 celebrations.
14.
Isn’t it (1)_________ to discover new places? Travel has always been a part of people’s (2)__________. It teaches people about art and culture. It teachers them to be understanding. You can also improve your knowledge of foreign languages. What is more, (3)________ is the basis of the biggest (4)________ in the world. Tourists spend a lot of money. Rich countries can sell cars and computers. But what can poor countries sell? Their (5)________ beaches and their wonderful countryside. |
WONDER EDUCATE TOUR BUSY BEAUTY |
Key: 1 wonderful, 2 education,3 tourism, 4 business, 5 beautiful.
15.
There are amateur cricket clubs all over England, but there is a big (1)_________ between the amateur and the (2)_________ cricketer. The amateur cannot get money for the game. The professional (3)_________ is in a much (4)__________ class. He has to learn many kinds of skills. He has to be an athlete, to run fast and jump and turn like a gymnast. He must be (5)___________, and must not let other (6)_____________ be (7)__________ with him. |
DIFFER PROFESSION CRICKET HIGH PATIENCE PLAY HONEST |
Key: 1 difference, 2 professional, 3 cricketer, 4 higher, 5 patient, 6 players, 7 dishonest.
16.
This museum is the world’s (1)_______ museum of (2)_________ arts. It houses many of the world’s (3)_________ treasures. Here you’ll find the national collection of (4)_________, furniture, music instruments, textiles and dress, ceramics and glass, silver and (5)_________ from European and non-western countries.________ |
FINE DECORATE GREAT SCULPT JEWEL |
Key: 1 finest, 2 decorative, 3 greatest, 4 sculpture, 5 jewellery.
17.
Action films? What a bore! Criminals, shooting, (1)________. Nothing else. I agree that such films have the right to exist. They have some positive features. They are dynamic, (2)________ and full of special effects. But they are (3)_________. I can’t believe one man can win over the Mafia. Some people watch (4)_________ to cool off and such films are good for them. But other people can get sick and (5)________ especially teenagers. There are (6)_________ ways to cool off, I think. |
EXPLOSIVE DRAMA REAL VIOLENT NERVE GOOD |
Key: 1 explosions, 2 dramatic, 3 unrealistic, 4 violence, 5 nervous, 6 better.
Суффиксы глаголов
Глагол несет значение соответствующего прилагательного или существительного, на основе которого он сформирован.
Суффикс |
Значение |
Примеры |
-ate |
делать, осуществлять |
active — activate |
—en |
действие, придающее качество, выраженное в основе глагола |
sharp – to sharpen |
—fy, —ify |
делать, осуществлять, превращать |
simple — simplify |
-ize(AE) -ise(BE) |
вести себя подобно, проводить ту или иную политику или производить действие |
private — privatize |
Exercises
1. Образуйте от данных прилагательных глаголы, используя суффикс –en. Переведите на русский язык.
Black, sharp, short, red, soft, deep, dark, bright, weak white, sweet, wide.
2. Образуйте от данных прилагательных глаголы, используя суффикс –fy. Переведите на русский язык.
Simple, pure, beauty, solid, identic(al), false intense.
3. Образуйте от данных существительных глаголы, используя суффикс –ize(ise). Переведите на русский язык.
Character, crystal, sympathy, agony, apology.
Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами – глаголами.
4.
Like many modern developed countries, The United Kingdom has a mixed economy. This means that some sectors of economy are operated by the government and some are operated by private business. Since World War II, Britain has worked to (1)_________ the mix of private and public enterprises in order to (2)_________ the country’s economy and (3)_________ the economic well-being of its citizens. After World War II the government (4)__________, or took over, a number of large and troubled industries. These included coal, electricity, transport, gas, oil, steel, car and truck manufacturing, shipbuilding and aircraft building. Since the 1950s, the government has (5)________ a number of these industries, selling them to private firms. |
EQUAL MAXIMUM SURE NATION PRIVATE |
Key: 1 equalize, 2 maximize, 3 ensure, 4 nationalized, 5 privatized.
Суффиксы наречий
Суффикс |
Значение |
Примеры |
-ly |
наречие с тем же качеством, что и слово, от которого оно образовано |
bad — badly |
-wards -ward |
направление или направленность |
after – afterwards home — homeward |
Exercises
1. Образуйте наречия при помощи суффикса –ly и переведите их.
Silent, wide, cruel, happy, rapid, quick, part, first, extreme.
Суффиксы числительных
Суффикс |
Значение |
Примеры |
-teen |
числительные от 13 до 19 |
six — sixteen |
—ty |
десятки |
six- sixty |
-th |
порядковые числительные |
six- sixth |
Exercises
1. Напишите противоположное по значению слово, используя префиксы. Можно пользоваться словарем.
Appear, kind, join, equal, normal, credible, friendly, employed, trust, cover, known, use, important, honest, professional, safe, fair, pleased, emotional, pack, correct, agree, possible, regular, understand, definite, legal, like, advice.
2. Выделите словообразующие элементы, исходное слово, определите, к какой части речи относятся данные слова. Переведите на русский язык.
Weakly – weakness – to weaken, bitterly – bitterness, unhappy — happily – happiness, suddenly – suddenness, equally – unequal – equality, to enrich – enrichment, patiently – impatient – patience, irresponsible – responsibility, unstable – stability – to stabilize – stabilization, harmful – harmless – harmlessness, glorious – inglorious –to glorify, to discontinue – continuation – continual – continually, relation – relative – relatively, attractive – unattractive – attraction.
Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Подумайте над следующими вопросами:
1. Каким членом предложения является пропущенное слово?
2. Какой частью речи этот член предложения выражен (обратите внимание на исходную форму слова, напечатанную заглавными буквами на полях)?
3. Какая грамматическая форма образуется по контексту?
4. Каковы особенности правописания этой формы?
3.
The individual states all have (1)________ forms of government with a senate and a house. There is only one (2)_________, Nebraska, which has only one (3)________ body of 49 senators. All have (4)________ branches headed by state governors and (5)_________ court systems. Each state has its own constitution. But all must respect the federal laws and not make laws that interfere with the laws of the other states. The Us Constitution determines federal(6)__________. All other (7)__________ belong to the states and to the local (8)__________ . |
REPUBLIC ECEPT LEGISLATE EXECUTE DEPEND RESPONSIBLE AUTOMATICAL COMMUNE |
Key: 1 republican, 2 exception, 3 legislative, 4 executive, 5 independent, 6 responsibilities, 7 automatically, 8 communities.
4.
Bike (1)_________ appeared in Russia with the (2)___________ of Moscow motorbike club ‘Night Wolves’. (3)__________ it was founded on May 31,1989. But the core of it appeared in the early 80s. A (4)__________ in Russia prefers a heavy bike like Harley Davidson and a leather jacket. The club is so (5)________ not only in Russia but also all over the world that the first Russian Bike Show, which took place in 1995, attracted a lot of guests from abroad. |
CULTURE APPEAR OFFICIAL BIKE FAME |
Key: 1 subculture, 2 appearance, 3 officially, 4 biker, 5 famous.
5.
Football (soccer) is the (1)________ sport, and British club teams are often (2)________ in Europe. But British football today has a bad fame at home and abroad, because of the (3)_________ of some groups of fans who get drunk and fight with each other. Most British fans (4)_________ violence and help the police to put an end to it. |
NATION SUCCESS VIOLENT LIKE |
Key: 1 national, 2 successful, 3 violence, 4 dislike.
6.
In Britain people (1)________ pay compliments on the things they like about the people they are talking to. They also expect to hear “Thank you!” in response to a compliment. Besides, they add something to keep the (2)________ going. In Britain people usually do not (3)_________ with compliments. Sometimes they pay a compliment in return. Too many compliments may be interpreted as (4)_______. But not enough compliments may be interpreted as a sign of (5)_________. |
USUAL CONVERSE AGREE SINCERE LIKE |
Key: 1 usually, 2 conversation, 3 disagree, 4 insincerity, 5 dislike.
7.
Every year more than eleven million tourists visit Britain. In fact, tourism is an (1)__________ industry, employing thousands of people. Most (2)__________ come in the summer months when they can expect good weather. Tourists (3)_________ spend a few days in London, then go on to other well-known cities. Perhaps the least visited places in England are old (4)_________ towns. But many people think that nineteenth-century cities show the (5)_________ of Britain. The (6)_________ of the past is to be still seen in their old streets. |
IMPORTANCE VISIT USUAL INDUSTRY REAL GREAT |
Key: 1 important, 2 visitors, 3 usually, 4 industrial, 5 reality, 6 greatness.
Test
1. Выделите словообразующие элементы, исходное слово, определите, к какой части речи относятся данные слова. Переведите на русский язык.
Patiently – impatient – patience, unstable – stability – to stabilize – stabilization, possibly – impossible – possibility, inattention – attentive – attentively, helpless – helplessly – helplessness, limitation – unlimited – limitless, to coexist – existent – existence – coexistence, to disappear- to reappear – appearance – disappearance.
2. Образуйте как можно больше существительных, используя префиксы и суффиксы из таблицы.
un- fit -ality
ex- act -ity
re member -ty
over- popular -ation
dis- love -ition
use -(t)ion
cruel -ance
happy -er
collect -ship
develop -ment
organize -ness
agree
explain
protect
perform
champion
appear
3. От данных прилагательных образуйте прилагательные, используя префиксы in-, un— il-, ir-, im-, dis-, ultra-.
Happy, honest, patient, comfortable, legal, short, possible, modern, responsible, direct, logical.
4. Образуйте прилагательные, используя суффиксы –able, -al, -ant, -ent, -ful, -ish,-less.
To differ, to eat, to compare, brown, care, to resist, use, fruit, home, to resist, form, shame.
5. Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами.
The English language is (1)________ growing and changing. No one has ever included every word from the language in a single dictionary. To do that would mean to (2)_______ the dictionary every day, which is (3)________. But people have a lot of (4)________ about the growing and (5)________of the language, its (6)_________ . Scholars have (7)________ ideas of how any new (8)________ contributes to the process of new words (9)________. When people are faced with a new (10)________ and they do not have a word for its (11)________, they sometimes make up one. But no one makes a formal (12)________ about it. |
CONSTANT WRITE POSSIBLE INFORM DEVELOP EXPAND VARY DISCOVER ADOPT SITUATE DESCRIBE DECIDE |
Key: 1 constantly, 2 rewrite, 3 impossible, 4 information, 5 development, 6 expansion, 7 various, 8 discovery, 9 adoption, 10 situation, 11 description, 12 decision.
Ex. 1. Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффикса —ment. Переведите на русский язык:
to develop, to achieve, to move, to arrange, to treat, to state, to improve, to agree, to equip, to govern, to require, to measure, to announce, to pave, to amuse, to argue, to advertise, to invest;
Ex.2. Составьте из предложенных слов существительные с помощью суффиксов —ness, —ship, —ment. Используйте полученные слова в предложениях.
relation , member, agree , appoint, champion, enjoy, good, excite, friend, entertain, happy, lazy, manage, amuse, partner, retire, sad, scholar, lonely ,develop;
1. The world football ______ will take place in 2 years.
2. I can’t approve of ______ in people, we should always move forward.
3. Jill couldn’t describe her ______ when she heard the jury call out her name.
4. They are very proud of their _____, they have been friends for more than twenty years.
5. Little puppies and kittens are a constant source of ______ to us.
6. We hope the close ______ between the two countries will continue.
7. Samuel is one of the best students, he receives a_______.
8. Mr. Temple took _______ at the age of 69.
9. Our sports club is very popular, we have a_________ of 560 people.
10. I’d like to make an________with the doctor.
11. He doesn’t get any real _________from dancing.
12. There was great ________among people as they waited for the president to arrive.
13. Sit down and be quiet, for ________sake!
14. A jazz band provided the_________.
15. Ann’s childhood was full of pain and ______________.
16. In this company we have a new approach to ___________.
17. She suffers from___________.
18. There is a close________ between poverty and crime.
19. We encourage our staff in their ________of new skills.
20. Many countries signed an________to cut air pollution.
Ex. 3. Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффикса -еr или —or. Переведите на русский язык:
to lead, to write, to investigate, to visit, to speak, to sleep, to act, to direct, to conduct, to drive, to fight, to report, to sing, to skate, to swim, to teach, to travel, to sail, to invent, to found, to compose, to run.
Ex.4. Образуйте от данных слов существительные с помощью суффикса —ty. Переведите на русский язык:
popular, national, creative, able, responsible, real, possible, poor;
Ex. 5. Образуйте от данных слов существительные с помощью суффиксов
—ist, —ism, —ian. Переведите на русский язык:
special, social, art, capital, economy, international, piano, technic,
mathematics, statistics, politics, music, electric, Russia, Hungary, Canada, India, library;
Ex.6. Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффиксов –ance, —ence. Переведите на русский язык:
to appear, to differ, to prefer, to occur, to attend, to enter, to maintain,
to obey, to perform, to allow, to accept, to exist;
Ex.7. Образуйте существительные от разных частей речи, используя суффиксы –hood , -ence, -ency, -ness, -al , -(er)y, -ment , -ism, -ity, -age
Example : I decided this. It was my decision.
-
Some people are lonely. Some people suffer from_________.
-
Jill’s a socialist. She believes in__________.
-
Hurray! We all agree. Hurray! We have come to an __________.
-
When I was a child, I was very happy. In my ____________ I was very happy.
-
Two children are absent. Who can explain their_________.
-
Be more efficient. Improve your _________.
-
Don’t be so curious. Control your _____________.
-
They got married. I don’t know anything about their___________.
-
Ann refused to help them. Her __________was final.
-
Who discovered this? Who made this____________.
Ex. 8. Образуйте глаголы с помощью суффикса – en. Переведие полученные глаголы на русский язык.
red, soft, deep, short, dark, bright, weak, length, strong, broad, wide;
Ex. 9. Образуйте прилагательные с помощью суффиксов —ful и —less, переведите их на русский язык:
beauty, thank, hope, doubt, help, use, care, cheer, aim, shape, fruit, power, thought, harm, colour, success;
Ex. 10. Образуйте прилагательные с помощью суффиксов —able, — ible. Переведите их на русский язык:
change, prevent, vision, compare, desire, profit, read, comfort, bear, flex, fashion, forget, eat, drink.
Ex.11. Образуйте прилагательные с помощью суффиксa —ous, Переведите их на русский язык:
fame, nerve, danger, adventure, poison, marvel, courage, luxury, vary, ridicule, humour, industry;
Ex.12. Образуйте прилагательные от существительных при помощи следующих суффиксов: —al, —ful, —ous, -у, —able, —ic, —less, —ish.
reason, history, hope, doubt, care, aim, use, desire, success, heart, experiment, office, sun, danger, fame, electron, base, nature, cloud, rain, child, Scott, home;
Ex. 13. Образуйте наречия с помощью суффикса —ly и переведите их:
personal, first, part, quick, strong, short, silent, rapid, wide, extreme, cruel, kind, happy, beautiful, careful, angry, cheerful, usual, recent.
Ex. 14. Образуйте прилагательные с помощью суффиксов — ous, —al, —ic, —ful , используйте полученные слова в предложениях
athlete , centre, danger, drama, education, environment, experiment, harm ,poison , science, tradition, use;
1. It’s very _______ for health to have a well -balanced diet and regular exercise.
2. Kilt is a ________ Scottish skirt made of tartan, a special material.
3. Smoking is ________ for health.
4. Some mushrooms can be _________.
5. Ronald goes in for sports, he is a tall and very ___________ man.
6. The laboratory carries out an important _____research.(science)
7. The writer described these_________ events in his last novel.
8. The students are involved in the ___________work (experiment) in the field of Physics.
9. Green house gases are __________ for the ozone layer.
10. I think the new ___________ programme will be very effective in schooling.
11. They lived in the _________part of the city.
12. Pollution is one of the most serious ____________problems.
Ex. 15. Распределите следующие слова по их принадлежности к соответствующей части речи, выделите словообразующие приставки и суффиксы.
harmful, movement, waterless, attraction, shortage, slowly, enclose, displace, keeper, passage, difference, industrial, assistant, freedom, ability, measurable, popularity, freedom, beginner, buyer, shortage, wisdom, conductor, specific, beautiful, reality, active, famous, classify, starter, shorten, weightless, flatness, simplify, impossible, reconstruct, helpful, misunderstand, poisonous, evidently, disagree, encourage, fashionable, extraordinary, unluckily, logical, significant, unhappy, logistic, organize, pressure, extremely, lengthen, demonstration, destruction, powerless, brotherhood, partnership, overcook, disorder, prehistoric, childish;
nouns |
movement |
verbs |
enclose |
adjective |
harmful |
adverb |
slowly |
Ex 16. Выберите глагол с отрицательным значением и вставьте его в соответствующее предложение. Поставьте глаголы в нужную грамматическую форму.
disapprove, dislike, unwrap, mislead, disagree, disqualify, disprove, untie, unload, disconnect, misbehave;
Example : John is widely disliked in this neibourhood.
-
If a child___ ______it means that he behaves badly and annoys or upsets people.
-
There was no intention ________the public.
3. She strongly ______________ of cheating.
4. Some sportsmen _______________ after a blood test.
5. All children like _______________ parcels at Christmas time.
6. Teenagers and their parents often _____________.
7. They were sure he was lying but it was hard _________ his story.
8. He learnt _____his shoes.
9. It took them almost an hour _____________the things from the van.
10. My phone ______________ because I didn’t pay my last bill.
Ex.17. Образуйте глаголы с отрицательным значением, используя префиксы
—mis, —dis. Переведите полученные слова на русский язык.
to understand, to approve, to appear, to satisfy, to lead, to connect, to organize, to obey, to behave, to appoint, to associate, to prove, to take;
Ex.18. Образуйте прилагательные, используя префиксы –il, —im, —ir, —un, —dis Переведите полученные прилагательные на русский язык.
comfortable, possible, legal, regular, honest, active, capable, fortunate, secure, correct, certain, valuable, reasonable, qualified, responsible, employed, effective, attractive, expensive, famous, informative, personal, polite, literate, similar, obedient, kind;
Тренировочные тесты по словообразованию.
I. Nearly 90% of ___________(Canada) live within 200 km of the border with the USA, which means that Canada contain vast expanses of____________(wild) to the North. The ________(relation) to its _____________(power) neighbour is a major defining factor for Canada. The US and Canada have the world’s largest_______(trade) relationship.The North American Trade__________(agree), involving Canada, the US and Mexico, has brought a trade boom for Canada.
II. In the 1990s Franco-___________(Germany) _____________(cooperate) was __________(centre) to European __________(integrate). Ties saw a period of some strain at the _________(begin) of the new millennium as a result of ___________(different) over farm subsidies and the ________(policy) in the future of the EU. However, the two countries again proclaimed the bond between them in early 2003 when they celebrated the anniversary of a _________(war) ___________(friend) treaty. This bond further __________(strength) as they joined with Russia to voice __________(strength) opposition to the US-led war with Iraq.
III. The first _________(impress) I got on arriving at my native village was the _______(hot) , that was ________(bear). The people who were waiting to meet at the railway station were all __________(friend). My grandfather looked like my father whose hair __________(recent) started to grey. The village itself which was a three-hour journey from the railway station was ________(simple) stunning.
IV. After the first day she complained that the weather was cold , living conditions were _______(terror) and the people were _________(friend). She wondered why it was always seemed to be _____________(darkness) and if the________(Britain) ever saw the sunshine. In her letter she says she feels_________(excite) to study drama at the university but she finds ________(society) life a bit __________(bore). She wrote that she had made some friends with some _____(Russia). We were ________(please) to hear this and wrote her that it was the best way of not feeling lonely.
V. There is a lot __________(employ) nowadays so it’s getting more and more _________(difficulty) to get the job you _________(real) want. You have to make a _________(decide) what is more __________(importance) for you – good salary or job________(satisfy).
VI. ________(teach) are finding it_________(increase) difficult to control classes of young pupils nowadays. The _________(evident) from the 100 schools which were involved in the study is not _________(encourage). Teachers feel ________(disappoint) not only by the student’s results but by the _________(worry) increase in the ____________(violence) __________(behave) in the class.
VII. Athens is getting more and more _________( attract) to _________(tour). Although the city is big and _______( noise) visitors can still find a lot of quiet places with a ________(romance) atmosphere to enjoy a ________(taste) Greek meal and listen to _________(tradition) music.
VIII. Language is a system of __________(communicate) that consists of sounds and _______(write) symbols. But we can also communicate in other ways by using
________(face) _______(express), our tone of voice and even our body. In many situations non-_________(verb) communication can reveal more _______(accurate) what person is feeling.
IX. Since ancient times, people have practiced the art of physiognomy reading character from physical features. The ancient Greeks compared the human face to _________(vary) animals and birds, such as the eagle and the horse. They believed people shared certain character traits with the animals they resembled. The ___________(personality) with a horse-like face was thought to be _________(loyalty) , ____________(bravery). A person with an eagle-like nose was believed to be bold and ____________(courage).
_______________(science) study such features as the shape of the head, the ________(long) and the ___________(thick) of the nose, mouth, eyes and chin. They believe that round-faced people are _____________(self-confidence). Prominent cheek- bones show the __________(strong) of character while a pointed nose reveals ___________(curious). Heavy, arched eyebrows belong to a ____________(decide) individual while thin, arched eyebrows signal a _____________( no rest) and _____________(act) ___________(person). Almond-shaped eyes belong to __________(dream). Down-turned lips reveal a ___________(pride) character while a long, pointed chin indicates someone who likes to give orders.
X. It’s important to make a good________(impress) when going for a job interview. __________(interview) usually ask a __________(various) of questions, many of which concern_________(qualify). However, they also usually like to ask questions about previous ___________(occupy) as well as _____________(achieve) not connected to the work place. Often, the _________(success) candidate isn’t the one with the most__________(impress) _________(educate) but the one who shoes that he or she has made the most _______(effect) use of their time. Few employers want employees who are _______(able) to think for themselves. The_________(possible) of advancement in any job very ______(rare) depends on the __________(accurate) of work but more on the _______(enthusiastic) and ________(dedicate) of the __________(employ).
Ключи к тренировочным тестам.
I.Сanadians
wildness
relationship
powerful
trading
agreement
II. German
cooperation
central
integration
beginning
differences
political
postwar
friendship
strengthened
strong
III.impression
heat
unbearable
incredibly
friendly
recently
simply
IV.terrible
unfriendly
dark
British
excited
social
boring
Russians
Pleased
V
difficult
really
decision
important
satisfaction
VI.teachers
increasingly
evidence
encouraging
disappointed
worrying
violent
behavior
VII. attractive
tourists
noisy
romantic
tasty
traditional
VIII. communication
written
facial
expressions
verbal
accurately
IX. various
person
loyal
brave
courageous
scientists
length
thickness
decisive
restless
active
personality
dreamers
proud
X. impression
interviewers
variety
qualifications
occupations
achievements
successful
impressive
education
effective
unable
possibility
rarely
accuracy
enthusiasm
dedication
employee
Литература.
“Macmillan English Dictionary”
M.Mann, S.Taylore-Knowles “Grammar and Vocabulary”.
В.А. Миловидов “Английский язык, Полный справочник для подготовки к ЕГЭ”, Москва, “Астрель”, 2009
Данные задания на слоовообразование в английском языке составлены по материалам пособия «Сборник тестов для подготовки к ЕГЭ по английскому языку» (М. Вербицкая, Малколм Манн и др.) и входят в цикл «Английский язык. Подготовка к ЕГЭ. СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ». Задания на словообразование рекомендуется выполнять после изучения теоретического материала, ссылки на который даны перед упражнениями.
Словообразование. Задания в формате ЕГЭ
Содержание:
- Задания на суффиксы существительного
- Задания на суффиксы и префиксы прилагательного
- Задания на суффиксы и префиксы глагола
* * *
Суффиксы существительного
Задание 1. Измените слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию предложения.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ.
Слово «лексически» означает, что к слову нужно добавить суффикс или префикс.
Слово «грамматически» означает, что к преобразованному слову, возможно, нужно добавить окончание.
ПРИМЕР. Animal __________ will enjoy the performance. love
Animal lovers will enjoy the performance. — Любители животных получат удовольствие от представления.
Здесь требуется поставить существительное — lover во мн. число, исходя из контекста.
- This __________ is passed through the generations. able
- Stress is the ___________ with which syllables are pronounced. strong
- His ______________led him to discovering a lot of information. curious
- This book contains _________of the centuries. wise
- This film takes me back to my ____________. child
- The ___________of this corridor was surprising. long
- It will be disastrous for the ___________. human
- I appreciate our ___________. friend
- I will die of ____________if I live that long. bored
- The __________of her feelings was unexpected for me. warm
- The____________is given to particularly bright students. scholar
- He was famous for his ___________ . serious
- The ___________of this song is incredible. popular
- We were surprised at the _________in her speech. differ
- It is easy to learn how to do this _________. active
- The airplane started to lose __________. high
Задание 2. Form nouns from the words in bold.
- The Hercules was famous for his _________ . strong
- The ____________of the swimming pool was about 5 meters. wide
- I was surprised by the ______________ of the tablecloth. white
- The _________of the Tower and the __________ of the walls made it a perfect prison. high, thick
- The ___________was delayed by fog for an hour. fly
- Giving alive ___________is quite different from performing on a film. perform
- Our ___________to predict the weather depends on the information we have. able
- Another major ____________is the shape of the ball. different
- The __________of the baseball is very great in America. popular
- Much of his ________ Chekhov lived in severe poverty. child
- The ______of London since then has been incredible. grow
- We moved to our new ______________last spring. resident
- Many encyclopedias state with __________that the Nile is the longest river in the world. confident
- Her acting is closer to __________. real
- The story of the dodo`s ___________is one example of man`s effect on the environment. disappear
- He had ____________in finding a job. difficult
- Each _____________is worth considering. possible
Задание 3. Form nouns from the words in bold.
- The ______________ of this building took 20 years from start to finish. construct
- Famous __________were held in the Tower. prison
- Many _____________come to London each year. visit
- Before the ____________of the hot air balloon, no human had ever successfully flown into the air. invent
- The first successful __________was in 1783. fly
- The ___________of the balloon depends on the wind. direct
- The _____________and response of the audience can affect how the actor feels and performs. behave
- They want to have the opportunity to do some real _____. act
- London is an ideal place nightlife ____________. entertain
- Special _____________is used to collect weather data. equip
- He never seemed to be interested in ____________. educate
- An _______________called Clarence went on an expedition to Canada with his family. explore
- He is famous for his finding the __________to the problem. solve
- His success was an remarkable_______. achieve
- The ____________of its place is unknown. locate
- What is your ______________of the performance? impress
Задание 4. Form nouns from the words in bold.
- ________will find these products on sale in the supermarkets. shop
- In New York he became a ____________at drama school. study
- The ship left for New York with a crew of seven professional _________. sail
- To the crew’s__________ they discovered that nobody was on the island. astonish
- Each flag has its additional _____________. mean
- Another ___________started at once. argue
- Brighton is an ideal place for____________ . relax
- There are eleven ___________in each team in cricket. play
- They tried to persuade the ______________to introduce new laws. govern
- The road __________must be improved. safe
- Finding a good job is uneasy without proper ____________. qualify
- Many people consider the ____________of moving away. possible
- It is necessary to fill the _______________form. apply
- The rate of _________________is very high. employ
- You have a great _____________. imagine
- To our great ___________, it started to rain. disappoint
- The better your education is, the less_____________you will have in finding a job. difficult
Суффиксы и префиксы прилагательного
Задание 5. Form adjectives from the words in bold.
- Huge ___________dinosaurs used to walk on the Earth. power
- There are a lot of ______________courses to improve your skills. train
- This private boat carried a cargo of _______________products. commerce
- The dodo lived on an island where he had no ___________enemies. nature
- There are hundreds of ______________hotels in sunny Brighton. comfort
- Enjoy delicious dishes in ____________ restaurants. fashion
- Taking part in this attraction can be a bit ______. risk
- The story describes the ______________action of people. hero
- _________plays are staged on Broadway. vary
- The road was in ________________condition. excellence
- The _____________method is always in great use. help
- My father doesn’t buy _____________newspapers. expense
- Who is _______________for making changes in our society? response
- The Russians are considered to be very _____________. hospitality
- The ______________equipment needs to be checked. electricity
- I was impressed by French ______________cuisine. delicacy
- She is not self- ________________. confidence
- The job will give him more _______________freedom. artist
- Paul’s Cathedral is an _________________building. impress
- In the old days the only ___________means of transport was the horse. person
- The trip was very ______________. benefit
- Is your answer _______________ from mine? differ
Задание 6. Form adjectives from the words in bold. Mind the prefix UN-
- Two _____________brothers Montgolfier were responsible for designing the first air balloon. France
- The design of the balloon was based on ____________________law. science
- Some ________________flyers have had an accident. fortunate
- The first ________________flight was in 1783. success
- You can go on a _______________ride on a horse back. enjoy
- He had an ____________________idea. imagine
- More ______________visitors can try «The Vampire Ride». adventure
- Riding fast high above the park can be a ______________experience . scare
- Nature is so ___________________that’s why we cannot forecast more than for a few days. predict
- _______ people or things existed in the past are considered to be a part of history. history
- ____________baseball began in the USA in 1865. profession
- In the USA baseball is considered as a __________sport. nation
- It will be an ________________experience for me. forget
- He started his own business and became ________________. wealth
- The bridge was very ________________. use
- It has become the place of _______________importance. globe
- At first sight it seems _________________. believe
- The situation is becoming more __________________. understand
- She is a very _________________woman. effect
- Everyone fell _____________in the room. silence
- It was the most _________________journey I have ever had. please
- It is ___________to drive without seatbelt. legal
Задания в формате ЕГЭ. Суффиксы и префиксы глагола
Задание 7. Form verbs from the words in bold.
- He _______________ and lay on the bed. dress
- He could enter the house because the door was ___________. lock
- The usual practice at the History lesson is to ___________texts. tell
- The exercise must be ________________. write
- Teachers sometimes _____________students. understand
- When the child ______________ she was unable to cope with him. behave
- The parents ____________ the child to go out late at night. allow
- When the days begin to ____________then the cold begins to _____________. long/ strong
- They’re trying to _____________our name. black
- The snow ____________the mountain tops. white
- He was ____________by his family to learn music at a young age. courage
- The town is ______________by fortified walls. circle
- The route was built to ______________trucks to get around a waterfall. able
- No argument can __________a war. just
- If you ____________ a substance, you make it pure by removing any dirty substances from it. pure
- You have ______________him as an ambitious person. character
- His mother rarely___________ him or any of her children. critic
- I’m sure Rose will _____________many of us. live
Задание 8. Form verbs from the words in bold.
- The symptoms of her illness have____________. appear
- The student__________the teacher and did the wrong exercise. hear
- Last week the government ______________ the citizens about the political situation in the country. inform
- His own mind was ___________and ______________by foreign travel. large/rich
- Martin ___________all the people in the area. He died at the age of 101. live
- The elderly are usually _______________with the young. satisfy
- Nowadays the risk of serious illness has________. less
- Do you mean to____________ me? threat
- Unfortunately, the cooperation between two countries was _______________. organize
- The line was ___________, though not dead. connect
- I am very ________________ with you. appoint
- The students _______________ the teacher. obey
- What does the emblem _______________? symbol
- If someone_________a word, they spell it wrongly. spell
- Don’t let this ______________ you. courage
- He recognized her voice and his face ____________. soft
- The men tried to __________ each other in their generosity. do
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ОТВЕТЫ
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После грамматики идут заданиям 25 – 29, которые проверяют знание лексики и словообразовательных элементов. За них можно получить 5 баллов и это – задание повышенного уровня сложности (B1).
Общая информация
Эта часть раздела “Грамматика и лексика” Единого государственного экзамена по английскому языку также почти не отличается от аналогичного раздела ОГЭ, только слова в ней посложней и приставки-суффиксы разнообразнее.
Преподаватель, уже знакомый с форматом экзамена, про себя подумал “не то слово, посложней и разнообразнее”, потому что в этих заданиях ЕГЭ по английскому языку проверяется лексика уровня В1/В2 и умение образовывать от нее однокоренные слова при помощи разнообразных аффиксов. Кстати, есть сайт, который позволяет посмотреть уровневую принадлежность того или иного слова. Посмотрите, как удобно – вводишь интересующую лексическую единицу, а вам – и ее уровень, и все части речи, которые можно от нее образовать, и устойчивые выражения с ней.
Очень бы рекомендовала ученикам выписывать слова именно таким образом.
Задания 26 – 31
Как и в ОГЭ, при прорешивании этого раздела рекомендую следующий алгоритм действий:
- Прочитать все предложение и внимательно посмотреть, что окружает пропуск. На основании окружения делать выводы о частеречной принадлежности (подробнее об этом самом “окружении” в параграфе “Лайфхаки” ниже).
- Желательно еще перевести, чтобы быть точно уверенным в части речи и смысле слова (он, то есть смысл, может оказаться прямо противоположным, тогда нам потребуется отрицательная приставка или суффикс).
- Если необходимое слово неизвестно, советую воспользоваться приведенной ниже таблицей суффиксов и приставок. Ее даю ученикам в самом начале занятий и при обнаружении “неизвестного” слова, смысл и часть речи которого понятны, обращаемся к схеме и пытаемся вычислить нужную приставку или суффикс. Да, она выглядит мудрено и ученики поначалу путаются, но после 2 месяцев работы по ней ситуация улучшается.
- Проверить орфографию! Увы и ах, правильно угаданное слово, написанное неправильно, баллов не принесет.
- Перенести ответы в бланк ЗАГЛАВНЫМИ буквами
Не рекомендую никому полагаться только на перевод слова, потому что он может подсказать нам неправильную часть речи.
Например, предложения “Learning languages is becoming a popular hobby with children and adults. It’s not only interesting but very __________________, too. USE” переводятся как “Изучение языков становится популярным хобби среди детей и взрослых. Это не только интересно, но и очень ПОЛЕЗНО”. На основании перевода можно сделать ошибочный вывод, что в пропуске стоит наречие usefully. На деле же нам нужно прилагательное useful. Об этом можно догадаться по нескольким факторам: связке is, после которой следует именная часть, то есть имя прилагательное или существительное, однородному прилагательному interesting и наречию very (а наречия у нас определяют прилагательные или глаголы) перед пропуском.
Лайфхаки
А вот подсказки, которые помогут сделать вывод о нужной части речи:
Существительное
- В самом начале предложения перед сказуемым (________ is a sign of bad character. RUDE)
- После прилагательного (She has a very pleasant ________. PERSONAL)
- После существительного в притяжательном падеже (This is everyone’s _____________. RESPONSIBLE)
- После артикля (I love autumn because of the _________ of its coour. RICH).
- После предлога (People complain about the lack of ____________. CREATIVE)
- После местоимения (I love her _________. BEAUTIFUL)
- После числительного (There were more than 1000 _________. COMPETE)
Если образовываете существительное, важно объяснить себе, в единственном или множественном числе оно стоит. Это можно понять по артиклю (неопределенный артикль “а” будет перед существительным в единственном числе), форме глагола (отсутствие или наличие окончания -(e)s в настоящем времени) и местоимениям (this, that будут указывать на единственное число, these, those, some – на множественное).
Глагол
- После существительного в роли подлежащего (Travel _______ the mind. BROAD)
- В начале повелительного предложения (Let’s _________ and make a conclusion. SUMMARY)
- После вспомогательного глагола (We will _______ all your dreams. REAL)
- После частицы to (We are going to _________ it. FULFILLMENT)
Прилагательное
- Перед существительным и обычно после артикля (It was a _______ road. DIFFICULTY), после другого прилагательного (My brother likes wearing big ______ trousers. BAG) или после предлога (Everything is ready for __________ elections. PRESIDENT)
- Как составное именное сказуемое после глагола-связки быть (It was absoutely _______. TASTE) или после другого глагола (The food looks __________. TASTE)
Наречие
- После глагола (We arrived ________ on the shore. SAFE)
- В начале предложения как вводное слово (____________, we were lost. OBVIOUS)
- Перед прилагательным (He was ___________ right. ABSOLUTE)
Еще раз для учеников, которые не понимают “Что делать, если я не знаю слова, которое написано справа?!”
- Подумать, какая часть речи должна быть в пропуске.
- Подумать, не имеет ли это слово противоположного значения.
- Если существительное, задуматься о числе.
- Подбирать из известных суффиксов тот, который “звучит” лучше.
- Проверить написание.
Пример из демоверсии 2023
В задании 25 перед пропуском стоит определенный артикль the, после – предлог of, то есть нам остается только существительное – population.
В 26-м после связки is стоит situated, а мы знаем, что разорвать две части глагола способно только наречие conveniently.
Связка is перед пропуском в следующем номере намекает на прилагательное comparable.
То же самое и в 28-м, правильный ответ здесь friendly, которое НЕ наречие, а прилагательное.
В 29-м прилагательное inhabited заставляет нас написать существительное location.
Вот так выглядит правильно заполненный бланк для заданий 25 – 29:
Советы по подготовке
- При прохождении новой лексической темы выписывать слова в специально заведенный словарь сразу со всеми производными и зависимыми предлогами, если таковые имеются.
- Купить книгу по лексике, в ней как раз соблюден этот принцип работы со словами.
- Забивать в Quizlet и повторять.
- Составлять с ними тесты для проверки на уроке, рассказы, употреблять в письмах и графике, подчеркивая новую лексику, выписанную по этой теме. (В идеале, прошли тему – написали сочинение или письмо по ней.)
- Читать адаптированные (если позволяет уровень, и неадаптированные) книги, выписывать оттуда новые слова (около 10 за главу) и пересказывать на занятии с употреблением этих самых новых слов.
Если вы этого еще не сделали – покупайте план ЕГЭ, который помог более 1.000 преподавателей по английскому подготовить своих учеников на высокие баллы
P.S. Про разделы и стратегии выполнения заданий ЕГЭ можно почитать статьи:
Аудирование или задания 1 — 9
Чтение или задания 10 — 18
Грамматика или задания 19 — 25
Словообразование или задания 26 — 31
Лексика или задания 32-38
Личное письмо или задание 39
Проект или задание 40
Устная часть. Задание 1
Устная часть, Задание 2
Устная часть, Задание 3
Устная часть, Задание 4
ELTgram от Ирины Кузнецовой