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| Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST 10 ( part 3) |
Thanksgiving Day
We A22 take Thanksgiving for granted as a day to watch football, spend time with our families, or eat, but 150 years ago, it wasn’t even a national holiday. For the settlers, that meal was at first thought of as a one-time thing. They had no idea this event would become the A23 cornerstone of the Thanksgiving customs we now share throughout the United States and Canada.
However, that first celebration didn’t A24 resemble our modern traditions much. The meat served was likely goose or duck. And there was probably a bit of fish there, too. There were no potatoes, no pie, no stuffing, and no cranberries. Nowadays Thanksgiving dinner is a meal custom-made for overeating. So it helps to A25 pay attention and to have some thoughtful strategies to avoid that uncomfortable feeling of being stuffed. Thanksgiving is one of the few holidays where most of my family all get together to celebrate. In the first week of November the family decides whose house we will have Thanksgiving dinner at. It usually ends A26 up being my sisters’ house because it is · the biggest, and most convenient.
We A27 set up a table for the children and the adults can choose to eat at a different table, or in the living room with the game on. During the day, while turkey is being cooked, the adults watch a football game, or just hang out and chat. The children are free to go outside if the weather is good, or play inside with their toys.
We usually arrange the food in a buffet style. The children are served first and when they are all set at their table, the adults dig in. While we are eating, there is a lot of talking, and catching up. Then we start to clean up and make up some plates to each take home, and look A28 forward to Christmas.
|
А22 |
1) take Take (smth) for granted — считать само собой разумеющимся; устоявшееся выражение |
2) know |
3) make |
4) judge |
|
А23 |
1) tombstone надгробие |
2) headstone надгробие |
3) cornerstone краеугольный камень |
4) flagstone плита (для мощения) |
|
А24 |
1) recall Recall — вспоминать |
2) resemble Resemble — походить, иметь сходство |
3) remind Remind — напоминать |
4) remember Remember — помнить |
|
А25 |
1) give |
2) hold |
3) pay Pay attention — обращать внимание; устоявшееся выражение |
4) turn |
|
А26 |
1) at |
2) off |
3) out |
4) up End up doing smth — кончить чем-либо; устоявшееся выражение |
|
А27 |
1) arrange Arrange up — нет такого сочетания |
2) do Do up — ремонтировать |
3) lay Lay up — откладывать, делать запасы |
4) set Set up — устанавливать, ставить |
|
А28 |
1) at Look at to — нет такого сочетания |
2) for Look for to — нет такого сочетания |
3) forward Look forward to — ожидать чего-либо с нетерпением |
4) up Look up to — смотреть с почтением |
Задание 32 на подготовку к ЕГЭ по английскому. В тексте имеются пропуски слов. Для каждого пропуска даны несколько вариантов. Определите, какой вариант верный.
ЗаданиеОтвет
Thanksgiving Day
We TAKE / KNOW / MAKE / JUDGE Thanksgiving for granted as a day to watch football, spend time with our families, or eat, but 150 years ago, it wasn’t even a national holiday. For the settlers, that meal was at first thought of as a one-time thing. They had no idea this event would become the TOMBSTONE / HEADSTONE / CORNERSTONE / FLAGSTONE of the Thanksgiving customs we now share throughout the United States and Canada.
However, that first celebration didn’t RECALL / RESEMBLE / REMIND / REMEMBER our modern traditions much. The meat served was likely goose or duck. And there was probably a bit of fish there, too. There were no potatoes, no pie, no stuffing, and no cranberries. Nowadays Thanksgiving dinner is a meal custom-made for overeating. So it helps to GIVE / HOLD / PAY / TURN attention and to have some thoughtful strategies to avoid that uncomfortable feeling of being stuffed.
Thanksgiving is one of the few holidays where most of my family all get together to celebrate. In the first week of November the family decides whose house we will have Thanksgiving dinner at. It usually ends AT / OFF / OUT / UP being my sisters’ house because it is the biggest, and most convenient.
We ARRANGE / DO / LAY / SET up a table for the children and the adults can choose to eat at a different table, or in the living room with the game on. During the day, while turkey is being cooked, the adults watch a football game, or just hang out and chat. The children are free to go outside if the weather is good, or play inside with their toys.
We usually arrange the food in a buffet style. The children are served first and when they are all set at their table, the adults dig in. While we are eating, there is a lot of talking, and catching up. Then we start to clean up and make up some plates to each take home, and look AT / FOR / FORWARD / UP to Christmas.
Thanksgiving Day
We TAKE Thanksgiving for granted as a day to watch football, spend time with our families, or eat, but 150 years ago, it wasn’t even a national holiday. For the settlers, that meal was at first thought of as a one-time thing. They had no idea this event would become the CORNERSTONE of the Thanksgiving customs we now share throughout the United States and Canada.
However, that first celebration didn’t RESEMBLE our modern traditions much. The meat served was likely goose or duck. And there was probably a bit of fish there, too. There were no potatoes, no pie, no stuffing, and no cranberries. Nowadays Thanksgiving dinner is a meal custom-made for overeating. So it helps to PAY attention and to have some thoughtful strategies to avoid that uncomfortable feeling of being stuffed.
Thanksgiving is one of the few holidays where most of my family all get together to celebrate. In the first week of November the family decides whose house we will have Thanksgiving dinner at. It usually ends UP being my sisters’ house because it is the biggest, and most convenient.
We SET up a table for the children and the adults can choose to eat at a different table, or in the living room with the game on. During the day, while turkey is being cooked, the adults watch a football game, or just hang out and chat. The children are free to go outside if the weather is good, or play inside with their toys.
We usually arrange the food in a buffet style. The children are served first and when they are all set at their table, the adults dig in. While we are eating, there is a lot of talking, and catching up. Then we start to clean up and make up some plates to each take home, and look FORWARD to Christmas.
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово CELEBRATE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Independence day is a public holiday. It __________________since July 4, 1776 when the thirteen colonies of America declared Independence from England. For many families this is the most important festival of the year.
1
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово BE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Holidays in the USA
What do you know about holidays in the USA? They can be divided into two groups: national and popular holidays. There __________________ ten national holidays in the USA.
Источник: Яндекс: Тренировочная работа ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Вариант 3.
2
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово DECORATE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Usually on this day parades and outdoor picnics with friends and families take place. Most houses________ with flags and flowers.
Источник: Яндекс: Тренировочная работа ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Вариант 3.
3
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово ONE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Thanksgiving is also a national holiday. The __________________ Thanksgiving was observed by the early settlers in Massachusetts in 1629, in gratitude for their successful harvest.
Источник: Яндекс: Тренировочная работа ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Вариант 3.
4
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово COOK так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
They __________________ wild turkey as one of the main dishes two centuries ago.
Источник: Яндекс: Тренировочная работа ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Вариант 3.
5
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово LIVE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Today people invite their relatives and families__________________ near to dinner to celebrate Thanksgiving.
Источник: Яндекс: Тренировочная работа ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Вариант 3.
6
Задания Д25 № 553 
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово GOOD так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Most Americans consider Independence Day and Thanksgiving to be the__________________ public holidays of the year.
Источник: Яндекс: Тренировочная работа ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Вариант 3.
7
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово VARY так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Looking after the environment
Protecting the environment is now a major concern in Britain. But, despite many efforts, __________________ threats to the environment remain.
Источник: Яндекс: Тренировочная работа ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Вариант 3.
8
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово POLLUTE так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Unfortunately, there have been many cases of environmental __________________in Britain.
Источник: Яндекс: Тренировочная работа ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Вариант 3.
9
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово CHEMISTRY так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
These include the dumping of __________________and other waste on the land, the emission into the air of smoke and other toxic substances from factories, and the discharge of industrial effluents into rivers.
Источник: Яндекс: Тренировочная работа ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Вариант 3.
10
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово SIMPLE так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
The British have earned the unsavoury reputation of being Europe’s ‘litter louts’. Although there are a lot of litter bins in most towns and public places, many people __________________drop unwanted cans, wrappers etc on the ground.
Источник: Яндекс: Тренировочная работа ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Вариант 3.
11
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово POLITICS так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Many people regard environmental issues to be of social importance and make __________________ pay greater attention to their “green” policies.
Источник: Яндекс: Тренировочная работа ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Вариант 3.
Источник: Яндекс: Тренировочная работа ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Вариант 3.
1) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
He was too clever
Some people want to show how clever they are and that may lead to trouble. Once a professor ___ (TRAVEL) by boat. On his way he asked the sailor: “Do you know biology, ecology, zoology, geography?”
2) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
The sailor said no to all his questions. The professor said: “What on Earth do you know? You ___ (DIE) of illiteracy.”
3) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
After a while, the boat started ___ (SINK). The sailor asked the professor: “Do you know swiminology and escapology from sharkology?” The professor said no. The sailor said, “Well, sharkology and crocodilogy will eat your headology and bodyology and you will dielogy because of your mouthology.”
4) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Do Canadians celebrate Thanksgiving?
Canadians celebrate Thanksgiving Day, but on a different day. Their Thanksgiving is on the ___ (TWO) Monday in October.
5) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
It happens so because harvest time comes ___ (EARLY) in Canada.
6) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Canadians enjoy turkey, mashed potatoes, and pumpkin pie on Thanksgiving, but they ___ (NOT ASSOCIATE) their holiday with Pilgrims and the landing of the Mayflower. Instead, they refer back to the landing of Martin Frobisher from England at Newfoundland in 1578, 43 years before the Pilgrims landed in Massachusetts.
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Canadians celebrate Thanksgiving Day, but on a different day. Their Thanksgiving is on the _________TWO_________ Monday in October.
It happens so because harvest time comes ________EARLY__________ in Canada.
Canadians enjoy turkey, mashed potatoes, and pumpkin pie on Thanksgiving, but they _________NOT ASSOCIATE_________ their holiday with Pilgrims and the landing of the Mayflower. Instead, they refer back to the landing of Martin Frobisher from England at Newfoundland in 1578, 43 years before the Pilgrims landed in Massachusetts.
2.
Russian inventions: holography
Do you know what holography is? It is a technique ________BASE__________ on lasers, which enable 3-D (three-dimensional) images to be made.
In 1962, Soviet physicist Yuri Denisyuk ________COME__________ up with the first reflection hologram also known as the “Denisyuk hologram”.
Now the technology ________USE__________ in most holographic displays and it was the first to allow multi-color image reproduction in holograms.
3.
Who invented spaghetti, the Italians or the Chinese?
When you think of agriculture in China, you probably think of rice. However, China is the largest wheat producer in Asia, and the ________THREE__________ largest producer overall, ________ACCOUNT__________ for about 10 percent of the world’s wheat crop.
What do the Chinese make from their wheat? Among other things, they make spaghetti! The Chinese _________MAKE_________ noodles from wheat and other grains for longer than the Italians.
4.
What is the longest river in Europe?
The Volga River, which flows entirely within Russia, is the longest river in Europe. From its source in the hills northwest of Moscow, the Volga travels almost 2,300 miles (3,700 km) to the Caspian Sea. Much of Russia’s freight _________CARRY_________ on barges on this river.
The Danube River is Europe’s _________TWO_________ longest, at almost 1,770 miles (2,860 km). The Danube passes through Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and Romania before it empties into the Black Sea.
The Danube River flows through _________MANY_________ countries than any other river in the world.
5.
What is the oldest subway system in the world?
London’s Underground, which opened in 1863, is the oldest subway system in the world. Despite the name, about 55% of the subway network is above ground.
________MANY__________ than one billion passenger journeys were recorded in 2007.
The ________BUSY__________ station in the London Underground network is Victoria station, which serves about 78 million passengers a year.
The tube map, with its schematic and colour-coded layout, ________CONSIDER__________ a design classic.
6.
Why do the Chinese call the Yellow River in China “China’s Sorrow”?
The Huang He, or Yellow River, in China is called “China’s Sorrow” by the Chinese themselves. Since long ago, flooding _________BE_________ a serious problem.
The ________BAD__________, most sorrowful flood on record happened in 1931.
The waters began to rise in July, and by November of that year, more than 40,000 square miles had been flooded, _________LEAVE_________ 80 million people homeless.
7.
He didn’t need advice
Once Mozart was approached by a young man, who was interested in Mozart’s advice on how to compose a symphony. Since he was still very young, Mozart recommended that he should start by ________WRITE__________ ballads.
_________SURPRISE_________, the young man responded, “But you wrote symphonies when you were only ten years old.”
“But I _________NOT HAVE_________ to ask,” countered Mozart.
8.
Who discovered radioactivity?
Marie Curie’s discovery of two naturally radioactive elements, polonium and radium, made headline news. However, her real discovery was that atoms _________NOT BE_________ small solid balls and that there must be even _________SMALL_________ particles inside them. This discovery opened the door to all atomic and subatomic research and even to the splitting of the atom.
Curie carried out her research with radioactive elements before the dangers of radioactivity ________UNDERSTAND__________. She suffered from radiation sickness for most of her adult life. Indeed, for many years after her death, her notebooks were still highly radioactive.
9.
Star pilot
My four-year-old brother Kevin wanted to become a pilot. But one dark night he watched a plane ________MOVE__________ across a clear sky.
As it disappeared, he heaved a relieved sigh and said, “Whew! I’m not going to be a pilot!” ________SURPRISE__________, Mom asked, “Why not?
“Do you realize,” Kevin replied wisely, “how hard it would be to steer around all _________THAT_________stars?”
10.
Does the plan work?
Brad was a student in my after-school tutoring session. He was working ________LITTLE__________ than diligently.
“Brad,” I said, “I talked to your mom, and she wants you to stay for the full hour, so you may as well get something done.” “She wants you to keep me every day for an hour?” he complained. “She wants you to learn it’s ________EASY__________ to work during regular class hours than to give up after-school time.” Brad seemed to agree.
“So,” I continued, “why not get your work done now so you can bring your marks up and get your mom off your back?” “No!” he replied in horror. “If I __________GET________ good marks now, she’ll think this plan is working, and she’ll keep me in here until June!”
Стр.11
1.
Why a zigzag?
Have you ever noticed that when we climb hills we create zigzags? We don’t go straight ahead but go in zigzags. It can mean walking 20 times as far, and still a zigzag is ________FAST__________ than the shortest distance between two points.
Researchers developed a mathematical model ________SHOW__________ that a zigzag provides the most efficient way for humans to go up or down steep slopes.
They explain that zig-zagging ________REQUIRE__________ less effort.
2.
Russian rivers
Do you know Russian rivers? Do you know what the ________LONG__________ river in Russia is? It is the Volga River.
This river is a great source of hydroelectric power. The water from the river ________USE__________ for irrigation.
Canals link the Volga River to the Baltic and White Seas. The Volga ________FREEZE__________ for most of its length for three months each year.
3.
New Zealand: geography
New Zealand consists of two main islands and a number of smaller islands so scattered that they range from the tropical to the Antarctic. New Zealand ________LOCATE__________ about 2,012 km southeast of Australia.
The two main islands are the North Island and the South Island, ________SEPARATE__________ by Cook Strait. The North Island is 829 km long and volcanic in its south-central part.
South Island has the Southern Alps along its west coast, with Mount Cook being the ________HIGH__________ point. Other inhabited islands include Stewart Island, the Chatham Islands, and Great Barrier Island.
4.
Global warming
In northern Québec and Labrador, temperatures ________RISE__________ two degrees Celsius since the mid-1990s. That rise has helped more trees grow in the area which was previously too cold for trees.
And the more trees that grow, the ________WARM__________ the region becomes.
“The cold landscape that we are accustomed to in northern Canada _________BE_________ a thing of the past soon,” specialists predict.
5.
New Zealand: history
What do you know about the history of New Zealand? Maoris were the _________ONE_________ inhabitants of New Zealand, arriving to the islands in about 1000. Maori oral history maintains that the Maoris came to the island in seven canoes from other parts of Polynesia.
In 1642, New Zealand ________EXPLORE__________ by Abel Tasman, a Dutch navigator.
British captain James Cook made three voyages to the islands, ________BEGIN__________ in 1769. Britain formally annexed the islands in 1840.
6.
Kite fighting
Have you ever heard of kite fighting? Kite fighting is a highly competitive sport traditionally ________PLAY__________ in India, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Thailand, and South America.
Each player hopes to get his or her kite to fly _________HIGH_________. The players try to cut their opponents’ kite strings with sharp objects imbedded in their kites.
________START__________ in the late 1990s, kite fighting gained popularity in the USA and is now practiced throughout the country, with an annual championship competition held in Washington state.
7.
In thick fog
It was a foggy night. In a very thick fog, a ship ________SAIL__________ very slowly. Suddenly lights appeared forward on a collision course. The Captain shouted through the mouthpiece: “Get out of my way! I am the carrier ‘Manchester’! My displacement is 30,000 tons!”
A voice _______COME___________ through the fog in reply:
“You _________WELL_________ turn away yourself. I’m the light house!”
8.
The purpose of education
A famous professor greeted the first year undergraduates at the beginning of the academic year. He _________TELL_________ them in his opening remarks:
“Nothing you learn here at the university will be of slightest use to you _________LATE_________, but one thing.
If you work hard, if you train your brain, you should be able to understand when a man ________TALK__________ nonsense. And that, in my view, is the main, if not the sole, purpose of education.”
9.
Exotic pets
There is no exact definition for “exotic” pets. This term usually refers to any animal that ________NOT BE__________ domesticated yet.
Many people keep bears as pets. For example, Ivan the Terrible kept two bears in his palace. They _________GIVE_________ to him by the boyars.
Perhaps the ________EARLY__________ ruler in history with a soft spot for bears was Ptolemy II, king of Egypt. He was fond of a “white bear” kept in his private collection.
10.
Education for everyone
Thomas Jefferson made a considerable contribution to the development of education. He hoped that one day all young people on our planet ________HAVE__________ the right to education.
Today, his dream _________COME_________ true. At the global level, the United Nations recognises the right of everyone to education.
Although education is compulsory in most places, school attendance is optional, therefore some parents choose home-schooling for their _______CHILD___________.
1) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
To Hear A Child
I believe in patience. I live as a volunteer residential counselor in a small group home. These boys have brought joy and happiness into my life; they have made me laugh and made me proud. However, they have also challenged me, made me angry and tested my patience. Each day we start anew, going about a ___ routine.
1) daily
2) common
3) average
4) traditional
2) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
I drive them to school, pick them up, cook for them and help with homework. We spend the evenings ___ about what happened during the day. I meet their teachers and study for tests with them. They are the last people I see each night and the first ones I hear in the morning.
1) discussing
2) debating
3) talking
4) saying
3) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
They have become a ___ of my life. I am twenty-two and am beginning to understand the love of a parent.
1) bit
2) part
3) parcel
4) piece
4) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
I could not have come this far without patience. They do not think like miniature adults and it is not fair to expect them to. ___ my expectations of them are high, I must remember that so much of what they see and understand is for the first time. First loves, first failed test, first time feeling the need to break away from the nest. I must have patience with them, because there is still a child within that comes out when I least expect it.
1) also
2) altogether
3) although
4) thus
5) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
This world is a fast-paced, fast food, fast-internet place. ___, no matter how fast things move, children will be children. I believe they will mature quicker and with more tools if I am patient.
1) nevertheless
2) nevermore
3) although
4) therefore
6) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
I see it in their eyes. Over time, sad eyes can glisten again, but only if I am ___ of the fact that it takes them longer to get somewhere.
1) common
2) familiar
3) aware
4) acquainted
7) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
I see around them a world that expects too much of them. They come ___ too many things that give them too much sadness. They listen to me, respect me and understand reason but not always when I want them to. This opportunity has given me wisdom but only when I was patient enough to hear a child.
1) through
2) along
3) upon
4) across
Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
He was too clever
Some people want to show how clever they are and that may lead to trouble. Once a professor ___ (TRAVEL) by boat. On his way he asked the sailor: “Do you know biology, ecology, zoology, geography?”
9) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
The sailor said no to all his questions. The professor said: “What on Earth do you know? You ___ (DIE) of illiteracy.”
10) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
After a while, the boat started ___ (SINK). The sailor asked the professor: “Do you know swiminology and escapology from sharkology?” The professor said no. The sailor said, “Well, sharkology and crocodilogy will eat your headology and bodyology and you will dielogy because of your mouthology.”
11) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Do Canadians celebrate Thanksgiving?
Canadians celebrate Thanksgiving Day, but on a different day. Their Thanksgiving is on the ___ (TWO) Monday in October.
12) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
It happens so because harvest time comes ___ (EARLY) in Canada.
13) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Canadians enjoy turkey, mashed potatoes, and pumpkin pie on Thanksgiving, but they ___ (NOT ASSOCIATE) their holiday with Pilgrims and the landing of the Mayflower. Instead, they refer back to the landing of Martin Frobisher from England at Newfoundland in 1578, 43 years before the Pilgrims landed in Massachusetts.
Canadians celebrate Thanksgiving Day, but their Thanksgiving is on the second Monday in October, not the fourth Thursday in November, as in the United States, because harvest time comes earlier in Canada.
Canadians do enjoy turkey, mashed potatoes, and pumpkin pie on Thanksgiving, but they don’t associate their holiday with pilgrims and the landing of the Mayflower.
Instead, they refer back to the landing of Martin Frobisher from England at what is now Newfoundland in 1578, 43 years before the pilgrims landed in Massachusetts.
Although the original act of Parliament references God and the holiday is celebrated in churches, the holiday is also celebrated in a secular manner.
About Karen Hill
Karen Hill is a freelance writer, editor, and columnist. Born in New York, her work has appeared in the Examiner, Yahoo News, Buzzfeed, among others.
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Canadians enjoy turkey, mashed potatoes, and pumpkin pie on Thanksgiving, but they _________NOT ASSOCIATE_________ their holiday with Pilgrims and the landing of the Mayflower. Instead, they refer back to the landing of Martin Frobisher from England at Newfoundland in 1578, 43 years before the Pilgrims landed in Massachusetts.
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Canadians enjoy turkey, mashed potatoes, and pumpkin pie on Thanksgiving, but they _________NOT ASSOCIATE_________ their holiday with Pilgrims and the landing of the Mayflower. Instead, they refer back to the landing of Martin Frobisher from England at Newfoundland in 1578, 43 years before the Pilgrims landed in Massachusetts.
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Origins and Significance
Thanksgiving in Canada originated purely as a harvest festival. On January 31, 1957, the Canadian Parliament proclaimed:
A Day of General Thanksgiving to Almighty God for the bountiful harvest with which Canada has been blessed – to be observed on the 2nd Monday in October.
English explorer Martin Frobisher hosted the first Canadian Thanksgiving. It was held in what is now Newfoundland during his expedition’s attempts to find the Northwest Passage to the Orient in 1578 and marked their safe arrival to the New World. So it was not hosted to celebrate a bountiful harvest. With time, French, Scottish and German immigrants to Canada added some of their traditions to the harvest festival. American traditions like the turkey were added by the United Empire Loyalists around the time of the American Revolution.
The first American Thanksgiving was celebrated 43 years later in 1621 at the site of Plymouth Plantation, in Massachusetts. The Wampanoag Native Americans helped the pilgrims who arrived in Massachusetts cultivate the land and fish, saving them from starvation. At harvest time in the winter of 1621, they were very thankful that they had a good crop of food to eat during the coming winter. They thanked God and the Wampanoags for teaching them how to grow crops. The Thanksgiving holiday became a national phenomenon during the Civil War and a true national holiday during FDR’s presidency. This article in the New York Times describes in detail the history of the Thanksgiving holiday and its various proponents, from Sara Hale to George Washington to Lincoln to Franklin Roosevelt.
Date of Thanksgiving
In the United States, Thanksgiving was observed on various dates but by the mid 20th century, most states celebrated on the last Thursday in November. On December 26, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed a bill into law making Thanksgiving a national holiday and settling it to the 4th Thursday in November. The day after Thanksgiving is also a holiday so Thanksgiving is always a 4-day weekend for Americans.
Similarly in Canada, the festival did not have a fixed date until the late 19th century, at which time it was typically held on November 6. In 1957 the Canadian Parliament proclaimed Thanksgiving to be observed on the 2nd Monday of October. Thanksgiving is a 3-day weekend in Canada.
Differences in Traditions
There are many common Thanksgiving traditions in Canada and the United States.
Travel and family
In both countries Thanksgiving is a time to get together with family. In the U.S. the Thanksgiving holiday weekend is the busiest travel day of the year. Some Canadians use the 3-day holiday for a weekend getaway.
Thanksgiving meal
During the American Revolution, Americans loyal to England moved to Canada and brought along Thanksgiving customs and practices. So there are many similarities in the Thanksgiving meals in both countries.
A traditional Thanksgiving meal
The featured item in a traditional Thanksgiving meal in America is turkey (Thanksgiving is sometimes called «Turkey Day»). The meal is usually a feast cooked for 5-10 people because families (and friends) often get together on this day. Stuffing, mashed potatoes with gravy, sweet potatoes, cranberry sauce, sweet corn, other fall vegetables, and pumpkin pie are commonly associated with Thanksgiving dinner.
There are some differences between Canadian and American recipes for Thanksgiving. For example,
- Canadian pumpkin pie is spicy, with ginger, nutmeg, cloves and cinnamon, while American pumpkin pie is typically sweet and has custard in it.
- Canadians bake their sweet potatoes or mash them into a puree, while Americans add butter, sugar and spices to make a casserole topped with marshmallows.
- Canadians use bread crumbs or rice for stuffing and in the U.S. stuffing is made with cornbread base in Southern states, oysters are used in the Eastern states and the Northern states use rice like Canadians.
- Canadians traditionally serve wheat-based rolls of bread with Thanksgiving dinner, while Americans tend to serve corn bread rolls, muffins or sliced loaves.
The traditional Thanksgiving meal is dinner on Thursday in the U.S. whereas in Canada the feast could be held either on Sunday or Monday.
Shopping
In America the day after Thanksgiving is characterized by heavy shopping, encouraged by several enticing deals and discounts offered by retailers. Stores typically open early on Friday morning and people line up at night to be the first ones through the door when stores open so that they get the choicest «doorbuster» deals. The day is called «Black Friday» because traditionally that is the day when retail stores go from red to black (turn a profit) for the year. The Monday after Thanksgiving is called «Cyber Monday» because of the heavy online shopping people do on that day.
Parades and Football
Thanksgiving in the United States is characterized by large parades, the Macy’s Parade being most well known. Parades in Canada are smaller and at a local level. The Kitchener-Waterloo Oktoberfest parade serves as Canada’s only Thanksgiving Day parade and is broadcast nationwide. Canadians also enjoy football on Thanksgiving Day — the Canadian Football League holds a nationally televised doubleheader known as the «Thanksgiving Day Classic».
References
- wikipedia:Thanksgiving
- wikipedia:Thanksgiving (Canada)
- Canadian Living
I Read the text and answer your teacher’s questions.
THANKSGIVING DAY Internet Public Library
The story of America’s Thanksgiving begins with the Pilgrims. Early in the 17-th century, the Pilgrims left England in search of religious freedom. In 1608, they sailed to Holland. Then, in 1620, they crossed the Atlantic by ship called the Mayflower.
After sailing for many weeks, the Pilgrims landed at a place now called Massachusetts. They planted the seeds they had brought from England. But the seeds didn’t grow well, and there was so little food for the Pilgrims that many of them starved to death.
Luckily for the Pilgrims, some nearby Indians came to rescue. They taught the Pilgrims to grow native food such as corn. Without this help, the Pilgrims would not have survived.
After the first harvest, the governor of Plymouth Colony — William Bradford — suggested that the Pilgrims hold a feast of thanksgiving. And to their thanksgiving feast the Pilgrims invited the Indians. The Pilgrims were grateful to the Indians for helping the Colony survive. In addition, they hoped that the celebration would strengthen their friendship with the Indians.
Nobody knows the date of the first Thanksgiving feast. But we do know that the Pilgrims and Indians enjoyed a huge feast of deer, goose, duck, oyster, eel, bread, fruit, and corn meal pudding.
In 1789 George Washington declared that Thanksgiving would be a national celebration. It is celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November. (1163)
II Read the text and comment on the situation described in the text. Say if you like watching TV, what programmes you and the members of your family prefer, why.
Television ESL reading
My mother used to tell me how she and her family got their first television when she was a teenager. Of course it was black and white. When I was young we had only about 3 or 4 different channels. My bothers and sisters and I would sometimes fight about which channel to watch. Nowadays we can get hundreds of channels on TV. There are channels with only old movies, and channels with only cooking, and channels with only fishing. It’s amazing! There is a channel for everything. I wonder how much my brothers and sisters and I would fight if we had hundreds of channels when I was a child. Of course we had only one television set. These days I notice families with 2 or 3 or more television sets in their homes. I guess it stops people from arguing over which channel to choose from.
III Speak to your teacher. You begin the conversation.
You and your foreign friend, who is on a short visit in Moscow, are going on an excursion. Discuss when and where it would be better to go; who you’d invite to go with you.
78 месяцев назад
Thursday in November, as you know, is a holiday in America. People call this holiday Thanksgiving Day. It is perhaps the most important day in the American year. People go to church, and families conic together for the day. They decorate their houses with the fruit and flowers of autumn and prepare traditional American food: roast turkey, potatoes and pumpkin. It’s rather like Christmas, but what arc people celebrating? What arc they giving thanks for? Do you remember the first colonists in New England? In 1620 they came to America and began a new life there. It was a very hard life. The colonists started to farm the land. The work was difficult and full of danger. In New England, the place where they lived, there were a lot of wild birds. They were like chickens but much bigger. They were turkeys. In the autumn of 1621 the colonists had their first harvest. It was rather good. The colonists decided to have a special dinner. They wanted to thank God — to give Him their thanks for many things. It was a difficult year, but the people still had food to cat. The colonists had a thanksgiving dinner for all the people. It lasted three days. For the whole three days they gave thanks for their good harvest and their happy year in a new country. Wild turkeys were on the table of this meal, and since then the turkey has become a symbol of Thanksgiving Day. 1. Thanksgiving Day is a British holiday. 2. Thanksgiving Day is the most important day in the American year. 3. People celebrate this holiday in offices. 4. They eat bacon and eggs to celebrate Thanksgiving Day. 5. Thanksgiving Day is rather like Christmas. 6. Since 1621 turkey has become a symbol of this holiday.
Ответы1
Алла
78 месяцев назад
2. Thanksgiving Day is the most important day in the American year.
5. Thanksgiving Day is rather like Christmas.
6. Since 1621 turkey has become a symbol of this holiday.