In a certain city there lived a physician who sold yellow paint. This was of so singular a virtue that whoever was painted with it from head to heel was set free from the dangers of life, the bondage of sin, and the fear of death for ever. So the physician said in his prospectus; and so said all the citizens in the city; and there was nothing more urgent in men’s hearts than to be properly painted themselves, and nothing they took more delight in than to see others painted.
There was in the same city a young man of a very good family but of a somewhat reckless life, who had reached the age of manhood, and would have nothing to say to the paint. ‘Tomorrow was soon enough,’ said he; and when the morrow came he would still put it off. He might have continued to do until his death; only, he had a friend of about his own age and much of his own manners; and this youth, taking a walk in the public street, with not one fleck of paint upon his body, was suddenly run down by a water-cart and cut off in the heyday of his nakedness. This shook the other to the soul; so that I never beheld a man more earnest to be painted; and on the very same evening, in the presence of all his family, to appropriate music, and himself weeping aloud, he received three complete coats and a touch of varnish on the top. The physician (who was himself affected even to tears) protested he had never done a job so thorough. .
Some two months afterwards, the young man was carried on a stretcher to the physician’s house. ‘What is the meaning of this?’ he cried, as soon as the door was opened. ‘I was to be set free from all the dangers of life; and here have I been run down by that self-same water-cart, and my leg is broken.’ ‘Dear me!’ said the physician. ‘This is very sad. But I perceive I must explain to you the action of my paint. A broken bone is a mighty small affair at the worst of it; and it belongs to a class of accident to which my paint is quite inapplicable. Sin, my dear young friend, sin is the sole calamity that a wise man should apprehend; it is against sin that I have fitted you out; and when you come to be tempted, you will give me news of my paint.’
‘Oh!’ said the young man, ‘I did not understand that, and it seems rather disappointing. But I have no doubt all is for the best; and in the meanwhile, I shall be obliged to you if you will set my leg.’ ‘That is none of my business,’ said the physician; ‘but if your bearers carry you round the corner to the surgeon’s, I feel sure he will afford relief.’
Some three years later, the young man came running to the physician’s house in a great perturbation. ‘What is the meaning of this?’ he cried. ‘Here was I to be set free from the bondage of sin; and I have just committed forgery, arson and murder.’ ‘Dear me,’ said the physician. ‘This is very serious. Off with your clothes at once.’ And as soon as the young man had stripped, he examined him from head to foot. ‘No,’ he cried with great relief, ‘there is not a flake broken. Cheer up, my young friend, your paint is as good as new.’
‘Good God!’ cried the young man, ‘and what then can be the use of it?’ ‘Why,’ said the physician, ‘I perceive I must explain to you the nature of the action of my paint. It does not exactly prevent sin; it extenuates instead the painful consequences. It is not so much for this world, as for the next; it is not against life; in short, it is against death that I have fitted you out. And when you come to die, you will give me news of my paint.’
‘Oh!’ cried the young man, ‘I had not understood that, and it seems a little disappointing. But there is no doubt all is for the best: and in the meanwhile, I shall be obliged if you will help me to undo the evil I have brought on innocent persons.’ ‘That is none of my business,’ said the physician; ‘but if you go round the corner to the police office, I feel sure it will afford you relief to give yourself up.’
Six weeks later, the physician was called to the town gaol. ‘What is the meaning of this?’ cried the young man. ‘Here am I literally crusted with your paint; and I have broken my leg, and committed all the crimes in the calendar, and must be hanged tomorrow; and I am in the meanwhile in a fear so extreme that I lack words to picture it.’ ‘Dear me,’ said the physician. ‘This is really amazing. Well, well; perhaps, if you had not been painted, you would have been more frightened still.’
ВОПРОС 1. The person who sold yellow paint was
1) a priest.
2) a painter.
3) a scientist.
4) a doctor.
ВОПРОС 2. In paragraph 2 the word ‘reckless’ means
1) unhappy.
2) meaningless.
3) careless.
4) dangerous.
ВОПРОС 3. The young man agreed to be painted because
1) his family had convinced him to do it.
2) he had been run down by a water-cart.
3) his friend was injured by a water-cart.
4) his friend had died in an accident.
ВОПРОС 4. The paint didn’t protect the young man from an injury because
1) it could only be applied to sins.
2) a broken leg was a serious accident.
3) his legs were not painted.
4) he had committed a terrible sin.
ВОПРОС 5. The paint didn’t prevent the young man from committing crimes because
1) some of its flakes were broken.
2) its aim was to smooth over the effect of the sin.
3) it could be applied only to dead people.
4) the consequences could be painful.
ВОПРОС 6. Six weeks later, the physician was called
1) to the town hall.
2) to the town prison.
3) to the town hospital.
4) to the town court.
ВОПРОС 7. The story teaches the readers that
1) they can be set free from the dangers of life.
2) they should only use top quality paint.
3) they should not believe everything they read in the prospectus.
4) nothing can prevent them from committing crimes.
ВОПРОС 1: – 4
ВОПРОС 2: – 3
ВОПРОС 3: – 4
ВОПРОС 4: – 1
ВОПРОС 5: – 2
ВОПРОС 6: – 2
ВОПРОС 7: – 3
Текст песни
When you look at me now this way, I really don’t know what to say
You put the fear of God in me every time
Now I fear it’s too late, youve decided I’m a fake
You put the fear of God in me every time
But you know I won’t let on to a god I’ll never see
Looking around I see too much now
Like a flower and a bee, that’s the way you are to me
I guess those mirrors never lie
But now I’m learning to cope, I see the fire and the smoke
I’ve learnt to put that fear away
But you know I won’t let on to a god I’ll never see
Looking around I see too much now
Oh haunted love, you are my one above
Now the top field is so dry we haven’t had any rain for days
There’s only so much we can do
They tell me I’m on the up, but I don’t feel it in my bones
I’ve gotta put fhis fear away
But you know I won’t let on to a god I’ll never see
Looking around I see too much now
Oh haunted love, you are my one above
Перевод песни
Когда ты смотришь на меня вот так, я правда не знаю, что сказать.
Ты каждый раз вселяешь во меня страх Божий.
Боюсь, уже слишком поздно, ты решил, что я фальшивка.
Ты каждый раз вселяешь во меня страх Божий,
Но ты знаешь, что я не позволю Богу, которого никогда не увижу,
Оглядываясь вокруг, я вижу слишком много,
Как цветок и пчела, вот как ты относишься ко мне.
Я думаю, эти зеркала никогда не лгут,
Но теперь я учусь справляться, я вижу огонь и дым,
Я научился избавляться от этого страха,
Но ты знаешь, я не позволю богу, я никогда не увижу,
Оглядываясь вокруг, я вижу слишком много сейчас.
О, призрачная любовь, ты-моя единственная.
Теперь верхнее поле такое сухое, что у нас не было дождя несколько дней,
Мы можем сделать так много.
Мне говорят, что я на подъеме, но я не чувствую этого в своих костях.
Я должен избавиться от страха,
Но ты знаешь, я не позволю Богу, которого никогда не увижу,
Оглядываясь вокруг, я вижу слишком много.
О, призрачная любовь, ты-моя единственная.
(Redirected from Fear of bats)
«-phobia» redirects here. For the class of psychological disorders, see Phobia.
The English suffixes -phobia, -phobic, -phobe (from Greek φόβος phobos, «fear») occur in technical usage in psychiatry to construct words that describe irrational, abnormal, unwarranted, persistent, or disabling fear as a mental disorder (e.g. agoraphobia), in chemistry to describe chemical aversions (e.g. hydrophobic), in biology to describe organisms that dislike certain conditions (e.g. acidophobia), and in medicine to describe hypersensitivity to a stimulus, usually sensory (e.g. photophobia). In common usage, they also form words that describe dislike or hatred of a particular thing or subject (e.g. homophobia). The suffix is antonymic to -phil-.
For more information on the psychiatric side, including how psychiatry groups phobias such as agoraphobia, social phobia, or simple phobia, see phobia. The following lists include words ending in -phobia, and include fears that have acquired names. In some cases, the naming of phobias has become a word game, of notable example being a 1998 humorous article published by BBC News.[1] In some cases, a word ending in -phobia may have an antonym with the suffix -phil-, e.g. Germanophobe/Germanophile.
Many -phobia lists circulate on the Internet, with words collected from indiscriminate sources, often copying each other. Also, a number of psychiatric websites exist that at the first glance cover a huge number of phobias, but in fact use a standard text to fit any phobia and reuse it for all unusual phobias by merely changing the name. Sometimes it leads to bizarre results, such as suggestions to cure «prostitute phobia».[2] Such practice is known as content spamming and is used to attract search engines.
An article published in 1897 in American Journal of Psychology noted «the absurd tendency to give Greek names to objects feared (which, as Arndt says, would give us such terms as klopsophobia – fear of thieves, triakaidekaphobia – fear of the number 13….)».[3]
Psychological conditions
Specialists may prefer to avoid the suffix -phobia and use more descriptive terms such as personality disorders, anxiety disorders, and avoidant personality disorder. Terms should strictly have a Greek prefix although many are irregularly formed with Latin or even English prefixes. Many use inaccurate or imprecise prefixes, such as aerophobia (fear of air) for fear of flying.
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
K
L
M
N
| Phobia | Condition |
|---|---|
| Necrophobia | fear of death or the dead |
| Neophobia, cainophobia, cainotophobia, centophobia, kainolophobia, kainophobia, metathesiophobia, prosophobia | fear of newness, novelty, change or progress |
| Noctiphobia | fear of the night |
| Nomophobia | fear of being out of mobile phone contact |
| Nosocomephobia | fear of hospitals |
| Nosophobia | fear of contracting a disease |
| Nostophobia, ecophobia | fear of returning home |
| Numerophobia | fear of numbers |
| Nyctophobia, achluophobia, lygophobia, scotophobia | fear of darkness |
O
P
R
S
T
V
W
X
Z
Cultural prejudices and discrimination
Ethnic prejudices and discrimination
The suffix -phobia is used to coin terms that denote a particular anti-ethnic or anti-demographic sentiment, such as Americanophobia, Europhobia, Francophobia, Hispanophobia, and Indophobia. Often a synonym with the prefix «anti-» already exists (e.g. Polonophobia vs. anti-Polonism). Anti-religious sentiments are expressed in terms such as Christianophobia and Islamophobia.
Medical conditions
Cultural phenomena
-phobia in the natural sciences
In the natural sciences, words with the suffix -phobia/-phobic generally describe a predisposition for avoidance and/or exclusion. For antonyms, see here
Jocular and fictional phobias
- Aibohphobia – a humorous term for the fear of palindromes, which is a palindrome itself. The term is a piece of computer humor entered into the 1981 The Devil’s DP Dictionary.[28]
- Anatidaephobia – the fictional fear that one is being watched by a duck. The word comes from the name of the family Anatidae, and was used in Gary Larson’s The Far Side.[29]
- Anoraknophobia – a portmanteau of «anorak» and «arachnophobia». It was used in the Wallace and Gromit comic book Anoraknophobia. Also the title of an album by Marillion.
- Arachibutyrophobia – fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of the mouth, from Latin arachis «peanut» and butyrum «butter».[30] The word is used by Charles M. Schulz in a 1982 installment of his Peanuts comic strip,[31] and by Peter O’Donnell in his 1985 Modesty Blaise adventure novel Dead Man’s Handle.
- Hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia – fear of long words,[32] from the root word sesquipedalophobia combined with monstrum and hippopotamus. This was mentioned on the first episode of Brainiac Series Five as a Tickle’s Teaser.
- Keanuphobia – fear of Keanu Reeves, portrayed in the Dean Koontz book, False Memory, where a woman has an irrational fear of Reeves and has to see her psychiatrist, Mark Ahriman, each week, unaware that she only has the fear in the first place because Ahriman implanted it via hypnotic suggestion to amuse himself. He calls her «Keanuphobe» in his head.
- Nihilophobia – fear of nothingness, from Latin nihil and «nothing, none», as described by the Doctor in the Star Trek: Voyager episode «Night». Voyager’s morale officer and chef Neelix suffers from this condition, having panic attacks while the ship was traversing a dark expanse of space known as the Void. It is also the title of a 2008 album by Neuronium.
- Robophobia – irrational fear of robots and/or androids, also known as «Grimwade’s Syndrome». It was first used in «The Robots of Death»,[33] the fifth serial of the 14th season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who.
- Semaphobia – fear of average web developers to use Semantic Web technologies.[34]
- Venustraphobia – fear of beautiful women, according to a 1998 humorous article published by BBC News.[1] Venustraphobia is also the title of a 2006 album by Casbah Club.
See also
- List of paraphilias
- Childhood phobia
- Phobia
- Specific phobia
References
- ^ a b The A–Z of Fear, a 30 October 1998 BBC News unsigned article in the «Entertainment» section
- ^ «Content Spammers Help You Overcome Prostitute Phobia». Webpronews.com. 25 August 2005. Archived from the original on 12 March 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
- ^ Hall GS (1897). «A Study of Fears». American Journal of Psychology. University of Illinois Press. 8 (2): 157. doi:10.2307/1410940. JSTOR 1410940.
- ^ a b Campbell RJ (2009). Campbell’s Psychiatric Dictionary. Oxford University Press. pp. 375–. ISBN 978-0-19-534159-1.
- ^ Anonymous (10 October 2018). «What it’s like to live with apotemnophobia – an intense fear of amputation». Metro.co.uk. ?. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
- ^ Gould GM (1910). The Practitioner’s Medical Dictionary (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: P. Blackiston’s Son & Co. p. 100.
- ^ Planting T, Koopowitz SM, Stein DJ (19 January 2022). «Coulrophobia: An investigation of clinical features». The South African Journal of Psychiatry. 28: 1653. doi:10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1653. PMC 8831965. PMID 35169508.
- ^ Sue D, Sue DW, Sue DM, Sue S (15 February 2013). Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior. Cengage Learning. pp. 126–. ISBN 978-1-285-62475-4.
- ^ Pitchot W (11 September 2014). «Effective treatment of eisoptrophobia with duloxetine: a case report». The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders. 16 (5). doi:10.4088/PCC.14l01636. PMC 4321006. PMID 25667801.
- ^ Bullough VL, Bullough B (2014). Human Sexuality: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 449. ISBN 9781135825096.
- ^ Winkler K (January 1957). «[Helminthophobia]». Zeitschrift Fur Haut- Und Geschlechtskrankheiten. 22 (2): 47–52. PMID 13409951.
- ^ Papakostas YG, Daras MD, Liappas IA, Markianos M (December 2005). «Horse madness (hippomania) and hippophobia». History of Psychiatry. 16 (Pt 4 (no 64)): 467–471. doi:10.1177/0957154X05051459. PMID 16482685. S2CID 2721386.
- ^ Hydrophobia (and Superhydrophobia) can be used for chemical and scientific purposes. See Hydrophobe page.
- ^ Dunglison RJ (1895). A dictionary of medical science: containing a full explanation of the various subjects and terms of anatomy, physiology, … (21st ed.). Lea Brothers & Co.
- ^ Russell J, Lintern F, Gauntlett L (1 September 2016). Cambridge International AS and A Level Psychology Coursebook. Cambridge University Press. p. 144. ISBN 9781316605691. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
- ^ Roane HS, Ringdahl JE, Falcomata TS, eds. (2015). Clinical and Organizational Applications of Applied Behavior Analysis. Academic Press. p. 461. ISBN 978-0-12-420249-8.
- ^ Linder C (29 November 2019). «The 25 Coolest Shipwrecks In the World». Popular Mechanics. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
- ^ «Teratophobia definition and meaning». Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
- ^ «Teratophobia (Concept Id: C0522188)». MedGen. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
- ^ Schmid M, Wolf RC, Freudenmann RW, Schönfeldt-Lecuona C (November 2009). «Tomophobia, the phobic fear caused by an invasive medical procedure — an emerging anxiety disorder: a case report». Journal of Medical Case Reports. 3: 131. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-3-131. PMC 2803803. PMID 20062769.
- ^ Basavaraj KH, Navya MA, Rashmi R (July 2010). «Relevance of psychiatry in dermatology: Present concepts». Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 52 (3): 270–275. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.70992. PMC 2990831. PMID 21180416.
- ^ Thomas G (15 October 2012). «Do holes make you queasy or even fearful». The Daily Herald. Arlington, IL. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
- ^ Jackson H (1932). The Fear of Books. University of Illinois. ISBN 978-0-252-07040-2.
- ^ Fischler C (1992). «From lipophilia to lipophobia. Changing attitudes and behaviors towards fat: a socio-historical approach». In Mela DJ (ed.). Dietary fats determinants of preference, selection, and consumption. London, New York: Elsevier Applied Science. pp. 103–115.
- ^ Askegaard S, Ostberg J (2003). «Consumers’ Experience of Lipophobia: A Swedish Study». Advances in Consume Research. 30: 161.
- ^ Askegaard S, Jensen AF, Holt DB (1999). «Lipophobia: A transatlantic concept?». Advances in Consume Research. 26 (1): 331–336.
- ^ Arora A, Jha AK, Alat P, Das SS (December 2020). «Understanding coronaphobia». Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 54: 102384. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102384. PMC 7474809. PMID 33271693.
- ^ Kelly-Bootle S (May 1995). «Aibohphobia». The Computer Contradictionary. MIT Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-262-61112-1.
- ^ Jenkins J (10 June 2006). «I hate to burst Poway Unified’s balloon». U-T San Diego. Archived from the original on 4 November 2010.
- ^ «Fear of Peanut Butter: Why Arachibutyrophobia is a Real Phobia». United We Care. 22 May 2021.
- ^ Schultz C (19 May 1982). «Peanuts Comic Strip». GoComics.com.
- ^ Farmer B (10 January 2008). «Phobia catalogue reveals bizarre list of fears». The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022.
A catalogue of unusual phobias reveals that the fear of long words is known as hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia.
- ^ «The Fourth Dimension». Doctor Who. Season 14. BBC One.
- ^ Lanthaler M, Gütl C (2011). A Semantic Description Language for RESTful Data Services to Combat Semaphobia. Proceedings of the 2011 5th IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (DEST). Daejeon, South Korea. pp. 47–53. doi:10.1109/DEST.2011.5936597. ISBN 978-1-4577-0871-8. S2CID 14815713.
Further reading
- Aldrich C (2 December 2002). The Aldrich Dictionary of Phobias and Other Word Families. Trafford Publishing. pp. 224–236. ISBN 1-55369-886-X.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Phobias. |
- The Phobia List
- Nursing Degree Guide
Centuries ago we were placed on a marble pedestal
By those who searched for us in heaven,
Not thinking that we lived behind their eyes.
We used to die and be reborn,
We spent eternity in ivory thrones,
We always came with the spring
And we tasted the nectar of kings.
But mortals turned the altars into dust,
The old gods were suddenly left to rust
For the promise of the afterlife,
The fear of the afterlife.
Watch them quietly disappear
When all gods asked for volunteers!
Watch them disobey
And the holy rains will have to pay
For their fear!
The rain doesn’t fall now as it used to fall once,
At the dawn of times.
Mortals fly hand in hand with angels in their dreams,
They forgot to touch the ground.
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1) Преобразуйте слово, написанное заглавными буквами, так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Choosing a Career: Generation Gap
I decided to become a professional musician. I knew it would be difficult, but I wanted to try. But my father ___ (NOT LIKE) the idea.
2) Преобразуйте слово, написанное заглавными буквами, так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Of course, I told him nothing at ___ (ONE),…
3) Преобразуйте слово, написанное заглавными буквами, так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
… because I knew he ___ (NOT UNDERSTAND).
4) Преобразуйте слово, написанное заглавными буквами, так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
But one day my father said he wanted to talk to me. He asked me what I ___ (INTEND) to do after leaving school. I told him I wanted to be a musician.
5) Преобразуйте слово, написанное заглавными буквами, так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
He said that a career in music ___ (BE) very risky. He said that I ought to become an accountant, because it was a safe job.
6) Преобразуйте слово, написанное заглавными буквами, так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
We talked for a long time. The ___ (LONG) we talked the more depressed I got.
7) Преобразуйте слово, написанное заглавными буквами, так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Of course, I ___ (CAN) see my father was right in a way.
Преобразуйте слово, написанное заглавными буквами, так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
I knew it would be more sensible to pass my ___ (EXAM) and get a safe job.
9) Преобразуйте слово, написанное заглавными буквами, так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
But I only ___ (INTEREST) in playing the guitar. That was what I wanted to do!
10) Преобразуйте слово, написанное заглавными буквами, так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
The Gorilla
The gorilla is a shy creature and seldom violent. In fact, it is quite different from the ___ (DANGER) animal we sometimes see in films and comic books. It only stands on two legs and beats its chest if it wants to frighten an enemy away.
11) Преобразуйте слово, написанное заглавными буквами, так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Gorillas are the largest and the most ___ (POWER) of all the apes.
12) Преобразуйте слово, написанное заглавными буквами, так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Adult males reach an average height of 150-170 cm and weigh from 135 to 230 kg. Females are smaller. Both males and females are ___ (EXTREME) strong and can tear down branches and pull up small trees.
13) Преобразуйте слово, написанное заглавными буквами, так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
They spend their days ___ (LOOK) for food or resting in the warm sun.
14) Преобразуйте слово, написанное заглавными буквами, так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
But there are few of these animals left in the wild. This is because people are cutting down the forests in which gorillas ___ (LIFE).
15) Преобразуйте слово, написанное заглавными буквами, так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.
If we want to save the gorilla, we must take ___ (ACT) now.
«-phobia» redirects here. For the class of psychological disorders, see Phobia.
The English suffixes -phobia, -phobic, -phobe (from Greek φόβος phobos, «fear») occur in technical usage in psychiatry to construct words that describe irrational, abnormal, unwarranted, persistent, or disabling fear as a mental disorder (e.g. agoraphobia), in chemistry to describe chemical aversions (e.g. hydrophobic), in biology to describe organisms that dislike certain conditions (e.g. acidophobia), and in medicine to describe hypersensitivity to a stimulus, usually sensory (e.g. photophobia). In common usage, they also form words that describe dislike or hatred of a particular thing or subject (e.g. homophobia). The suffix is antonymic to -phil-.
For more information on the psychiatric side, including how psychiatry groups phobias such as agoraphobia, social phobia, or simple phobia, see phobia. The following lists include words ending in -phobia, and include fears that have acquired names. In some cases, the naming of phobias has become a word game, of notable example being a 1998 humorous article published by BBC News.[1] In some cases, a word ending in -phobia may have an antonym with the suffix -phil-, e.g. Germanophobe/Germanophile.
Many -phobia lists circulate on the Internet, with words collected from indiscriminate sources, often copying each other. Also, a number of psychiatric websites exist that at the first glance cover a huge number of phobias, but in fact use a standard text to fit any phobia and reuse it for all unusual phobias by merely changing the name. Sometimes it leads to bizarre results, such as suggestions to cure «prostitute phobia».[2] Such practice is known as content spamming and is used to attract search engines.
An article published in 1897 in American Journal of Psychology noted «the absurd tendency to give Greek names to objects feared (which, as Arndt says, would give us such terms as klopsophobia – fear of thieves, triakaidekaphobia – fear of the number 13….)».[3]
Psychological conditions
Specialists may prefer to avoid the suffix -phobia and use more descriptive terms such as personality disorders, anxiety disorders, and avoidant personality disorder. Terms should strictly have a Greek prefix although many are irregularly formed with Latin or even English prefixes. Many use inaccurate or imprecise prefixes, such as aerophobia (fear of air) for fear of flying.
‹See TfM›
A
| Phobia | Condition |
|---|---|
| Achluophobia | fear of darkness |
| Acousticophobia | fear of noise – a branch of phonophobia |
| Acrophobia | fear of heights |
| Aerophobia | fear of aircraft or flying |
| Agoraphobia | fear of open places |
| Agyrophobia | fear of crossing streets |
| Aichmophobia | fear of sharp or pointed objects such as a needle or knife |
| Ailurophobia | fear/dislike of cats, a zoophobia |
| Alektorophobia | fear/dislike of chickens, a zoophobia |
| Anatidaephobia | fear/dislike of ducks, a zoophobia |
| Algophobia | fear of pain |
| Ancraophobia | fear of wind or drafts |
| Androphobia | fear of adult men[4] |
| Anthropophobia | fear of human beings[4] |
| Apeirophobia | excessive fear of infinity, eternity, and the uncountable |
| Aphenphosmphobia | fear of being touched |
| Apiphobia | fear of bees, a zoophobia |
| Apotemnophobia | fear of amputees, and/or of becoming an amputee[5][6] |
| Aquaphobia | fear of water. Distinct from hydrophobia, a scientific property that makes chemicals averse to interaction with water, as well as an archaic name for rabies. |
| Arachnophobia | fear of spiders and other arachnids such as scorpions, a zoophobia |
| Astraphobia | fear of thunder and lightning |
| Atelophobia | fear of imperfection |
| Atychiphobia | fear of failure[7] or negative evaluations of others |
| Autophobia | fear of isolation[8] |
B
| Phobia | Condition |
|---|---|
| Bacteriophobia | fear of bacteria |
| Basophobia, basiphobia | fear associated with astasia-abasia (fear of walking/standing erect) and a fear of falling |
| Batrachophobia | fear/dislike of frogs and other amphibians, a zoophobia |
| Belonephobia | fear of needles or pins[9][10] |
| Bibliophobia | fear of books |
| Blood-injection-injury type phobia | a DSM-IV subtype of specific phobias |
C
| Phobia | Condition |
|---|---|
| Cacophobia, aschimophobia | fear of ugliness |
| Carcinophobia | fear of cancer |
| Catoptrophobia | fear of mirrors |
| Chemophobia | fear of chemicals |
| Cherophobia | fear of happiness |
| Chiroptophobia | fear/dislike of bats, a zoophobia |
| Chromophobia, chromatophobia | fear of colors |
| Chronophobia | fear of time and time moving forward |
| Chronomentrophobia | fear of clocks[11] |
| Cibophobia, sitophobia | aversion to food, synonymous with anorexia nervosa |
| Claustrophobia | fear of having no escape and being closed in |
| Coimetrophobia | fear of cemeteries |
| Coprophobia | fear of feces or defecation[4] |
| Coulrophobia | fear of clowns[12] |
| Cyberphobia | fear of computers |
| Cynophobia | fear/dislike of dogs, a zoophobia |
D
| Phobia | Condition |
|---|---|
| Dental fear, odontophobia | fear of dentists and dental procedures |
| Dentophobia | fear of dentists |
| Diagraphephobia | fear of deleting files or an extreme fear of losing your computer data.[13] |
| Domatophobia | fear of houses |
| Driving phobia, driving anxiety | fear of driving |
| Dysmorphophobia, body dysmorphic disorder | a phobic obsession with a real or imaginary body defect |
E
| Phobia | Condition |
|---|---|
| Ecophobia | fear of cataclysmic environmental change |
| Eisoptrophobia | fear of mirrors or seeing one’s reflection in a mirror[14][15] |
| Emetophobia | fear of vomiting |
| Enochlophobia | fear of crowds |
| Entomophobia | fear/dislike of insects, a zoophobia |
| Ephebiphobia | fear of youth; inaccurate, exaggerated and sensational characterization of young people |
| Equinophobia | fear of horses |
| Ergophobia, ergasiophobia | fear of work or functioning, or a surgeon’s fear of operating |
| Erotophobia | fear of sexual love or sexual abuse |
| Erythrophobia, erytophobia, ereuthophobia | fear of the color red, or fear of blushing |
| Eurotophobia | aversion to female genitals |
F
| Phobia | Condition |
|---|---|
| Frigophobia | fear of becoming too cold |
G
| Phobia | Condition |
|---|---|
| Gamophobia | fear of marriage |
| Gelotophobia | fear of being laughed at |
| Gephyrophobia | fear of bridges |
| Genophobia, coitophobia | fear of sexual intercourse |
| Genuphobia | fear of knees or the act of kneeling |
| Gerascophobia | fear of growing old or aging |
| Gerontophobia | fear of growing old, or a hatred or fear of the elderly |
| Globophobia | fear of balloons |
| Glossophobia | fear of speaking in public or of trying to speak |
| Gymnophobia | fear of nudity[16] |
| Gynophobia | fear of adult women |
H
| Phobia | Condition |
|---|---|
| Halitophobia | fear of bad breath |
| Haphephobia | fear of being touched |
| Heptadekaphobia, heptadecaphobia | fear of the number 17 |
| Hedonophobia | fear of obtaining pleasure |
| Heliophobia | fear of the sun or sunlight |
| Helminthophobia, scoleciphobia, vermiphobia | fear of worms,[17] a zoophobia |
| Hemophobia, haemophobia | fear of blood |
| Herpetophobia | fear/dislike of reptiles or amphibians, a zoophobia |
| Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia | fear of the number 666 |
| Hippophobia | fear/dislike of horses,[18] a zoophobia |
| Hodophobia | fear of travel |
| Hydrophobia[19] | fear of water, see aquaphobia |
| Hypnophobia, somniphobia | fear of sleep or nightmares[20] |
| Hypochondria | fear of illness |
I
| Phobia | Condition |
|---|---|
| Ichthyophobia | fear of fish, including fear of eating fish, or fear of dead fish, a zoophobia |
| Insectophobia | fear of insects, a zoophobia |
K
| Phobia | Condition |
|---|---|
| Koumpounophobia | fear of buttons on clothing[21] |
L
| Phobia | Condition |
|---|---|
| Lilapsophobia | fear of tornadoes or hurricanes |
| Lepidopterophobia | fear of butterflies and moths, a zoophobia |
M
| Phobia | Condition |
|---|---|
| Mageiricophobia | fear of cooking |
| Masklophobia | fear of people in masks, costumes and mascots |
| Megalophobia | fear of large objects[22] |
| Melanophobia | fear of the color black |
| Melissophobia, apiphobia | fear/dislike of bees, a zoophobia |
| Monophobia | fear of being alone or isolated or of one’s self |
| Musophobia, murophobia, suriphobia | fear/dislike of mice or rats, a zoophobia |
| Mycophobia | fear of mushrooms[23] |
| Myrmecophobia | fear of ants, a zoophobia |
| Mysophobia, germophobia | fear of germs, contamination or dirt |
N
| Phobia | Condition |
|---|---|
| Necrophobia | fear of death or the dead |
| Neophobia, cainophobia, cainotophobia, centophobia, kainolophobia, kainophobia, metathesiophobia, prosophobia | fear of newness, novelty, change or progress |
| Noctiphobia | fear of the night |
| Nomophobia | fear of being out of mobile phone contact |
| Nosocomephobia | fear of hospitals |
| Nosophobia | fear of contracting a disease |
| Nostophobia, ecophobia | fear of returning home |
| Numerophobia | fear of numbers |
| Nyctophobia, achluophobia, lygophobia, scotophobia | fear of darkness |
O
| Phobia | Condition |
|---|---|
| Obesophobia | fear of gaining weight |
| Oikophobia | fear of home surroundings and household appliances |
| Odontophobia | dental fear |
| Ommetaphobia | fear of eyes |
| Oneirophobia | fear of dreams |
| Ophidiophobia | fear/dislike of snakes, a zoophobia |
| Ophthalmophobia | fear of being stared at |
| Ornithophobia | fear/dislike of birds, a zoophobia |
| Osmophobia, olfactophobia | fear of odors |
| Ostraconophobia | fear/dislike of shellfish, a zoophobia |
P
| Phobia | Condition |
|---|---|
| Panphobia | fear of everything or constant fear of an unknown cause |
| Pedophobia, paedophobia, pediaphobia | fear of babies and children |
| Phagophobia | fear of swallowing |
| Phallophobia | fear of erections |
| Pharmacophobia | fear of medications |
| Phasmophobia | fear of ghosts or phantoms |
| Philophobia | fear of love |
| Phyllophobia | fear of leaves[24][25][26][27] |
| Phobophobia | fear of fear itself or of having a phobia |
| Phonophobia | fear of loud sounds or voices |
| Pogonophobia | fear of beards |
| Pornophobia | dislike or fear of pornography; may be used in reference to the opposition to visual nudity |
| Porphyrophobia | fear of the color purple |
| Pteromerhanophobia | fear of flying |
| Pyrophobia | fear of fire |
R
| Phobia | Condition |
|---|---|
| Radiophobia | fear of radioactivity or X-rays |
| Ranidaphobia | fear/dislike of frogs, a zoophobia |
S
| Phobia | Condition |
|---|---|
| Scopophobia | fear of being looked at or stared at |
| Sexophobia | fear of sexual organs or sexual activities |
| Siderodromophobia | fear of trains or railroads |
| Social phobia | fear of people or social situations |
| Somniphobia | fear of sleep |
| Spectrophobia | fear of mirrors |
| Spheksophobia | fear of wasps, a zoophobia |
| Stasiphobia | fear of standing or walking |
| Submechanophobia | fear of partially or fully submerged man-made objects[28][29] |
T
| Phobia | Condition |
|---|---|
| Taphophobia, taphephobia | fear of graves, or fear of being placed in a grave while still alive |
| Technophobia | fear of advanced technology (see also Luddite) |
| Telephone phobia | fear or reluctance of making or taking telephone calls |
| Teratophobia | fear of giving birth to a monster[30] or a disfigured foetus[31] |
| Tetraphobia | fear of the number 4 |
| Thalassophobia | fear of the sea, or fear of being in the ocean |
| Thanatophobia | fear of dying |
| Thermophobia | fear of intolerance to high temperatures |
| Tokophobia | fear of childbirth or pregnancy |
| Tomophobia | fear of invasive medical procedure[32] |
| Tonitrophobia | fear of thunder |
| Toxiphobia | fear of being poisoned |
| Traumatophobia | a synonym for injury phobia: fear of having an injury |
| Trichophobia | delusional fear of something in the roots of the hair that stops it from growing,[33] or fear of hair loss |
| Triskaidekaphobia, terdekaphobia | fear of the number 13 |
| Trypanophobia, belonephobia, enetophobia | fear of needles or injections |
| Trypophobia | fear of holes or textures with a pattern of holes[34] |
V
| Phobia | Condition |
|---|---|
| Vehophobia | fear of driving |
| Verminophobia | fear of germs |
W
| Phobia | Condition |
|---|---|
| Workplace phobia | fear of the workplace, a subset of ergophobia |
X
| Phobia | Condition |
|---|---|
| Xanthophobia | fear of the color yellow |
Z
| Phobia | Condition |
|---|---|
| Zoophobia | fear of animals |
Cultural prejudices and discrimination
| Phobia | Condition |
|---|---|
| Acephobia | fear/dislike of asexual people |
| Aporophobia | fear/dislike of people without resources |
| Biphobia | fear/dislike of bisexuality or bisexuals |
| Ephebiphobia | fear/dislike of youth |
| Gayphobia | fear/dislike of gay men (specifically) |
| Gerontophobia, gerascophobia | fear/dislike of aging or the elderly |
| Heterophobia | fear/dislike of heterosexuals |
| Homophobia | fear/dislike of homosexuality, homosexuals, or gays (as opposed to lesbians) |
| Lesbophobia | fear/dislike of lesbians |
| Pedophobia | fear/dislike of babies or children |
| Psychophobia | fear/dislike of mental illness or the mentally ill |
| Transphobia | fear/dislike of transgender people |
Ethnic prejudices and discrimination
The suffix -phobia is used to coin terms that denote a particular anti-ethnic or anti-demographic sentiment, such as Americanophobia, Europhobia, Francophobia, Hispanophobia, and Indophobia. Often a synonym with the prefix «anti-» already exists (e.g. Polonophobia vs. anti-Polonism). Anti-religious sentiments are expressed in terms such as Christianophobia and Islamophobia.
| Phobia | Condition |
|---|---|
| Afrophobia | fear/dislike of Africans |
| Albanophobia | fear/dislike of Albanians |
| Anglophobia | fear/dislike of England or English culture |
| Christianophobia | fear/dislike of Christians |
| Germanophobia | fear/dislike of Germans |
| Hinduphobia | fear/dislike of Hindus |
| Hibernophobia | fear/dislike of Irish people |
| Hispanophobia | fear/dislike of Hispanic people, Hispanic culture and the Spanish language |
| Hungarophobia | fear/dislike of Hungarians |
| Indophobia | fear/dislike of India or Indian culture |
| Indonesiaphobia | fear/dislike of Indonesia or Indonesian culture |
| Iranophobia | fear/dislike of Iran or Iranian culture |
| Islamophobia | fear/dislike of Muslims |
| Italophobia | fear/dislike of Italians |
| Judeophobia | fear/dislike of Jews |
| Lusophobia | fear/dislike of the Portuguese, Portuguese culture and the Portuguese language |
| Nipponophobia | fear/dislike of the Japanese |
| Koryophobia | fear/dislike of the Koreans |
| Latinophobia | fear/dislike of Latin people |
| Negrophobia | fear/dislike of black people |
| Polonophobia | fear/dislike of the Polish |
| Russophobia | fear/dislike of Russians |
| Shiaphobia | fear/dislike of Shiites |
| Sinophobia | fear/dislike of Chinese people |
| Sunniphobia | fear/dislike of Sunnis |
| Turcophobia | fear/dislike of Turks |
| Xenophobia | fear/dislike of foreigners |
Medical conditions
| Phobia | Condition |
|---|---|
| Osmophobia | hypersensitivity to smells causing aversion to odors |
| Phonophobia | hypersensitivity to sound causing aversion to sounds |
| Photophobia | hypersensitivity to light causing aversion to light |
Cultural phenomena
| Phobia | Condition |
|---|---|
| Bibliophobia | fear or hatred of books, as a cultural phenomenon[35] |
| Lipophobia | avoidance of fats in food[36][37][38] (see also Lipophobicity) |
| Coronaphobia | fear of COVID-19[39] |
-phobia in the natural sciences
In the natural sciences, words with the suffix -phobia/-phobic generally describe a predisposition for avoidance and/or exclusion. For antonyms, see here
| Phobia | Condition |
|---|---|
| Acidophobia | preference for non-acidic conditions |
| Heliophobia | aversion to sunlight |
| Hydrophobia | the property of being repelled by water |
| Lipophobicity | the property of fat rejection (sometimes also called lipophobia) |
| Oleophobicity | the property of oil rejection |
| Photophobia (biology) | a negative phototaxis or phototropism response, or a tendency to stay out of the light |
| Ultrahydrophobicity | the property given to materials that are extremely difficult to get wet |
| Thermophobia | aversion to heat |
Jocular and fictional phobias
- Aibohphobia – a humorous term for the fear of palindromes, which is a palindrome itself. The term is a piece of computer humor entered into the 1981 The Devil’s DP Dictionary.[40]
- Anatidaephobia – the fictional fear that one is being watched by a duck. The word comes from the name of the family Anatidae, and was used in Gary Larson’s The Far Side.[41]
- Anoraknophobia – a portmanteau of «anorak» and «arachnophobia». It was used in the Wallace and Gromit comic book Anoraknophobia. Also the title of an album by Marillion.
- Arachibutyrophobia – fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of the mouth, from Latin arachis «peanut» and butyrum «butter».[42] The word is used by Charles M. Schulz in a 1982 installment of his Peanuts comic strip,[43] and by Peter O’Donnell in his 1985 Modesty Blaise adventure novel Dead Man’s Handle.
- Charlophobia – the fictional fear of any person named Charlotte or Charlie, mentioned in the comedic book A Duck is Watching Me: Strange and Unusual Phobias (2014), by Bernie Hobbs. The phobia was created to mock name bias, a form of discrimination studied by researchers at the University of California, Berkeley and the University of Chicago.[44]
- Hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia – fear of long words,[45] from the root word sesquipedalophobia combined with monstrum and hippopotamus. This was mentioned on the first episode of Brainiac Series Five as a Tickle’s Teaser.
- Keanuphobia – fear of Keanu Reeves, portrayed in the Dean Koontz book, False Memory, where a woman has an irrational fear of Reeves and has to see her psychiatrist, Mark Ahriman, each week, unaware that she only has the fear in the first place because Ahriman implanted it via hypnotic suggestion to amuse himself. He calls her «Keanuphobe» in his head.
- Nihilophobia – fear of nothingness, from Latin nihil and «nothing, none», as described by the Doctor in the Star Trek: Voyager episode «Night». Voyager’s morale officer and chef Neelix has this condition, having panic attacks while the ship was traversing a dark expanse of space known as the Void. It is also the title of a 2008 album by Neuronium.
- Robophobia – irrational fear of robots and/or androids, also known as «Grimwade’s Syndrome». It was first used in «The Robots of Death»,[46] the fifth serial of the 14th season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who.
- Semaphobia – fear of average web developers to use Semantic Web technologies.[47]
- Venustraphobia – fear of beautiful women, according to a 1998 humorous article published by BBC News.[1] Venustraphobia is also the title of a 2006 album by Casbah Club.
See also
- List of paraphilias
- List of manias
- Childhood phobia
- Specific phobia
References
- ^ a b The A–Z of Fear, a 30 October 1998 BBC News unsigned article in the «Entertainment» section
- ^ «Content Spammers Help You Overcome Prostitute Phobia». Webpronews.com. 25 August 2005. Archived from the original on 12 March 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
- ^ Hall GS (1897). «A Study of Fears». American Journal of Psychology. University of Illinois Press. 8 (2): 157. doi:10.2307/1410940. JSTOR 1410940.
- ^ a b c Campbell RJ (2009). Campbell’s Psychiatric Dictionary. Oxford University Press. pp. 375–. ISBN 978-0-19-534159-1.
- ^ Anonymous (12 September 2021). «Apotemnophobia (Fear of People with Amputations)». Psych Times. Covington, Louisiana. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
- ^ Anonymous (10 November 2018). «What it’s like to live with apotemnophobia – an intense fear of amputation». Metro.co.uk. London, England: Associated Newspapers Limited. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
- ^ «Fear of failure (atychiphobia): Symptoms and treatment». www.medicalnewstoday.com. 21 March 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
- ^ Gould GM (1910). The Practitioner’s Medical Dictionary (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: P. Blackiston’s Son & Co. p. 100.
- ^ Akinola, Deborah (17 October 2020). «Belonephobia: The Fear of Pins and Needles». a Soothing Health. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
- ^ Yim, Louisa (August 2006). «Belonephobia—a fear of needles». Australian Family Physician. 35 (8): 623–624. ISSN 0300-8495. PMID 16894439.
- ^ Thompson, Andrew (2019). Spiders, Clowns, and Great Mole Rats: Over 150 Phobias That Will Freak You Out, from Arachnophobia to Zemmiphobia. Ulysses Press. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-61243-932-7. Retrieved 25 February 2023 – via Google Books.
Chronomentrophobia is the irrational fear of clocks, which usually extends to watches. … The mere sight or sound of a ticking clock can cause depression and anxiety. People with this fear avoid clocks at all costs….
- ^ Planting T, Koopowitz SM, Stein DJ (19 January 2022). «Coulrophobia: An investigation of clinical features». The South African Journal of Psychiatry. 28: 1653. doi:10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1653. PMC 8831965. PMID 35169508.
- ^ «Fear of Deletion». 13 May 2011.
- ^ Sue D, Sue DW, Sue DM, Sue S (15 February 2013). Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior. Cengage Learning. pp. 126–. ISBN 978-1-285-62475-4.
- ^ Pitchot W (11 September 2014). «Effective treatment of eisoptrophobia with duloxetine: a case report». The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders. 16 (5). doi:10.4088/PCC.14l01636. PMC 4321006. PMID 25667801.
- ^ Bullough VL, Bullough B (2014). Human Sexuality: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 449. ISBN 9781135825096.
- ^ Winkler K (January 1957). «[Helminthophobia]». Zeitschrift für Haut- und Geschlechtskrankheiten. 22 (2): 47–52. PMID 13409951.
- ^ Papakostas YG, Daras MD, Liappas IA, Markianos M (December 2005). «Horse madness (hippomania) and hippophobia» (PDF). History of Psychiatry. 16 (Pt 4 (no 64)): 467–471. doi:10.1177/0957154X05051459. PMID 16482685. S2CID 2721386.
- ^ Hydrophobia (and Superhydrophobia) can be used for chemical and scientific purposes. See Hydrophobe page.
- ^ Dunglison RJ (1895). A dictionary of medical science: containing a full explanation of the various subjects and terms of anatomy, physiology, … (21st ed.). Lea Brothers & Co.
- ^ Russell J, Lintern F, Gauntlett L (1 September 2016). Cambridge International AS and A Level Psychology Coursebook. Cambridge University Press. p. 144. ISBN 9781316605691. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
- ^ Anonymous (14 February 2020). «Megalophobia: Causes, Treatments, and How to Cope». Healthline. New York, New York. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
- ^ Ott, Jonathan (1976). «Psycho-mycological studies of Amanita–from ancient sacrament to modern phobia». Journal of Psychedelic Drugs. 8: 27–35. doi:10.1080/02791072.1976.10472005.
- ^ «phobo-, phob-, -phobia, -phobias, -phobe, -phobiac, -phobist, -phobic, -phobism, -phobous». English-Word Information (wordinfo.info). p. 33. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
phyllophobia… An excessive fear of leaves: Each time Virginia saw the excessive amount of leafage on the ground in the fall, she had phyllophobia because it was the time of year to do the raking which took many days to complete!
- ^ Addis, J. (2002). Books Ireland: Issues 246-254. p. 215. ISBN 9781902420554. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
However it might be useful this autumn to know that phyllophobia is a fear of leaves….
- ^ Wolfe, Ron (22 October 2016). «Jump in, if you’re not phyllophobic». Arkansas Democrat-Gazette.
Phyllophobia, the fear of leaves, might not be as much in the news this autumn as coulrophobia, the fear of clowns. But anywhere that crinkly, dead leaves are, some people are scared of them.
- ^ Robertson, John G. (2003). An Excess of Phobias and Manias: A Compilation of Anxieties, Obsessions, and Compulsions That Push Many Over the Edge of Sanity. Senior Scribe Publications. p. 146. ISBN 9780963091925. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
phyllophobia: An excessive fear of leaves.
- ^ Roane HS, Ringdahl JE, Falcomata TS, eds. (2015). Clinical and Organizational Applications of Applied Behavior Analysis. Academic Press. p. 461. ISBN 978-0-12-420249-8.
- ^ Linder C (29 November 2019). «The 25 Coolest Shipwrecks In the World». Popular Mechanics. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
- ^ «Teratophobia definition and meaning». Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
- ^ «Teratophobia (Concept Id: C0522188)». MedGen. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
- ^ Schmid M, Wolf RC, Freudenmann RW, Schönfeldt-Lecuona C (November 2009). «Tomophobia, the phobic fear caused by an invasive medical procedure - an emerging anxiety disorder: a case report». Journal of Medical Case Reports. 3: 131. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-3-131. PMC 2803803. PMID 20062769.
- ^ Basavaraj KH, Navya MA, Rashmi R (July 2010). «Relevance of psychiatry in dermatology: Present concepts». Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 52 (3): 270–275. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.70992. PMC 2990831. PMID 21180416.
- ^ Thomas G (15 October 2012). «Do holes make you queasy or even fearful». The Daily Herald. Arlington, IL. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
- ^ Jackson H (1932). The Fear of Books. University of Illinois. ISBN 978-0-252-07040-2.
- ^ Fischler C (1992). «From lipophilia to lipophobia. Changing attitudes and behaviors towards fat: a socio-historical approach». In Mela DJ (ed.). Dietary fats determinants of preference, selection, and consumption. London, New York: Elsevier Applied Science. pp. 103–115.
- ^ Askegaard S, Ostberg J (2003). «Consumers’ Experience of Lipophobia: A Swedish Study». Advances in Consume Research. 30: 161.
- ^ Askegaard S, Jensen AF, Holt DB (1999). «Lipophobia: A transatlantic concept?». Advances in Consume Research. 26 (1): 331–336.
- ^ Arora A, Jha AK, Alat P, Das SS (December 2020). «Understanding coronaphobia». Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 54: 102384. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102384. PMC 7474809. PMID 33271693.
- ^ Kelly-Bootle S (May 1995). «Aibohphobia». The Computer Contradictionary. MIT Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-262-61112-1.
- ^ Jenkins J (10 June 2006). «I hate to burst Poway Unified’s balloon». U-T San Diego. Archived from the original on 4 November 2010.
- ^ «Fear of Peanut Butter: Why Arachibutyrophobia is a Real Phobia». United We Care. 22 May 2021.
- ^ Schultz C (19 May 1982). «Peanuts Comic Strip». GoComics.com.
- ^ «Name Discrimination Study Finds Lakisha And Jamal Still Less Likely To Get Hired Than Emily And Greg». www.wbur.org. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
- ^ Farmer B (10 January 2008). «Phobia catalogue reveals bizarre list of fears». The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022.
A catalogue of unusual phobias reveals that the fear of long words is known as hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia.
- ^ «The Fourth Dimension». Doctor Who. Season 14. BBC One.
- ^ Lanthaler M, Gütl C (2011). «A Semantic Description Language for RESTful Data Services to Combat Semaphobia». 5th IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (IEEE DEST 2011). Proceedings of the 2011 5th IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (DEST). Daejeon, South Korea. pp. 47–53. doi:10.1109/DEST.2011.5936597. ISBN 978-1-4577-0871-8. S2CID 14815713.
Further reading
- Aldrich, Chris (2 December 2002). The Aldrich Dictionary of Phobias and Other Word Families. Trafford Publishing. pp. 224–236. ISBN 1-55369-886-X.
- Summerscale, Kate (6 October 2022). The Book of Phobias and Manias. Profile Books. ISBN 9781788162814.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Phobias.
- The Phobia List
- Nursing Degree Guide
This page was last edited on 8 March 2023, at 02:13
Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. Reasons to be afraid
2. Fight your fear
3. A place of wonders
4. How to say thank you
5. Visiting for wild life and animals
6. Learn to be grateful
7. It’s never late to learn
8. Reading non-verbal language
A. Nowadays when it’s all too easy to send an email or text, the best way to show that you are grateful to somebody is to actually mail a hand-written card. The person who gets it will know you took the extra time and thought to write a card and put it in the mail with a nice stamp. That person will appreciate your efforts much more. Plus, you’ll get the added bonus of feeling grateful a little longer than usual as you write out each note and wait for it to arrive.
B. Music is a noble passion, and people who can play a musical instrument have always been seen as intelligent people. Learning how to play a musical instrument is far more efficient if you do it in childhood. However, there are millions of adults who learn to enjoy music throughout their lives. Moreover, they don’t focus on just one instrument, but specialize in two or even more, if they have the time and the necessary ambition.
C. Millions of people avoid air travel each year because of their fear of flying. The fear of accidents happening is probably the most common fear among air travellers. It is an understandable fear, since there have been many aviation accidents throughout history. Some people may have a fear that the plane has some type of malfunction or breakdown, while others may have a fear that the weather or turbulance will affect the plane.
D. Try to understand that being scared is just an illusion that makes you limited and miserable. Take control of your mind and don’t let your imagination create frightening pictures in your head. If you cannot deal with it, you should make attempts to leave your comfort zone. Choose things and activities you are afraid of and meet your worries face to face, because it is impossible to run away from them. Just face your troubles no matter how powerful they may seem.
E. When you get chronically bored with something, your mind gets used to seeing the world negatively. It is necessary to break the chain of negative thoughts and train your mind to notice the best. Just write down 5 things you are thankful for. This way, your mind will change for the better in a while. The thankfulness will open your eyes to the beauty of the world around you and will help you to focus on positive moments in your life.
F. If you go to Ireland, go to isolated distant places in the country, talk to the locals and they will tell you the stories about the mythical Irish place, called the Otherworld. They believe that it is the land of paradise and happiness. In Irish poetry and tales, it is described as a series of islands near Ireland where the various fairytale creatures lived. Also the Otherworld seemed to be able to move from one location to another.
G. Many people can understand the nature of character without talking to the person they are interested in. The gestures and postures usually reflect the mood and the level of the person’s confidence. It’s easy to notice a highly confident person even in a big group of people. They stand in one place without constant moving from place to place, and they always make eye contact with the person they are talking to.
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| Заголовок |
The main problem for the author was that…
1) nobody seemed to understand her feelings.
2) she was not ready for the classes.
3) she would miss her family and friends a lot.
4) her parents wouldn’t help her with advice.
Start of college life: how I coped with fear
For the last two years I’ve been working really hard to pass all my exams successfully and to get accepted to college. And yet college seemed to be the scariest thing that I could think of. Whenever I thought about it, my stomach would immediately begin to spin in circles. Although I was ready to go off and be by myself and meet new people, I was scared to death at the same time. I pictured hard classes that I wouldn’t be able to keep up with, people that wouldn’t like me, long hikes to get to my classes, and horrible food. I couldn’t imagine leaving the security of my own room, my own stuff where I want it, my friends that I’ve spent practically my whole life with, my family who put up with all my little quirks.
Everyone else that I talked to, however, didn’t seem to have this problem. They all were thrilled at the thought of being on their own and not having to worry about their parents telling them what to do or not to do all the time. And, sure, the thought was extremely exciting to me as well, but how would I survive without my family and friends and the things that had taken me eighteen years to get used to?
The summer before I came to college was probably the most fun my friends and I ever had. We all knew that in September things would never be the same again and we had to make the most of it while we still could. As the end of August rolled around we knew that it was time to say goodbye and be on our way to our own independence. I packed up the memories of the last eighteen years of my life into about five suitcases and was ready to go. I still didn’t feel like I was just as mature as my older college friends and I thought that I still looked like I was twelve years old.
We finally made it to the doors and began unloading my clothes and the eight million bags of food that my mom had packed for me. I still was unsure about sharing my room and not being able to have the privacy that I had back home. I was worried that the little habits that I had might annoy my roommate and that my roommate might have just as many annoying little habits that I might not be able to handle as well.
After I had all my things unpacked and put exactly where I wanted, my roommate and I decided to go around our hall and see whom we would be living with for the next two semesters. As we went around to different rooms and met different people my nervousness seemed to diminish. I began to realize that not everyone here knew everyone else and most were just as anxious and nervous about being here as I was. It worked. I started to feel better and was actually kind of excited about living here all by myself.
I still miss the security of living at home (and I wonder who would blame me for this feeling) and, most of all, home-cooked meals that are nonexistent here and the friends that I grew up with. But I know that we’ve all changed and those memories are just that — memories, no matter how pleasant they might be. And when times get too tough, my mom is just a phone call away. But I’m not too quick to call her and have her solve my problems. I’ve learned that I can usually work things out by myself. I’m glad that I’ve gone through these changes in myself and it makes me realize that I don’t need to fear change, that it’s just a part of life that everyone has to go through sometime.
Fear of Bats Therapy & Counselling
The Fear of Bats is Technically Known as Chiroptophobia and is an uncommon phobia, probably due to the fact that bats tend to be active at night when most people are asleep.
Because most people have rarely been in contact with bats this phobia is often associated with people having very vivid imaginations who, for example, may have over-reacted to scenes in horror movies in which flocks of bats often appear.
Fear is the emotional experience that we have when we perceive there to be some sort of threat in our immediate location or context, or even that a threat may present itself in the future (anticipatory anxiety) and this is certainly true for somebody who has a fear of Bats.
The important thing to be aware of is that we only need to perceive (believe) that something is a threat in order to trigger the fear reaction and just as importantly, what one person perceives to be a threat may not be regarded as threatening to somebody else.
In other words, the fear of Bats is a highly individual experience based on the subjective belief that Bats represents a threat to that individual.
Many people do not really understand or have a great deal of sympathy for people who suffer with the fear of Bats as it may not be something they personally experience, however, for the person suffering this fear the stress and anxiety that they experience is real and not imagined.
We are fully aware of the subjective nature of individual fears and will treat you and your Fear of Bats seriously when you consult us for help.
Fear of Bats Symptoms
The symptoms associated with the fear of Bats have much in common with other fears and phobias and may include:
- Anger problems
- Generalised Anxiety
- Social anxiety
- Control issues
- Feelings of depression
- Insomnia & sleeping problems
- Low Self-Esteem
- Low Self-Confidence
- Panic attacks
- Overthinking things
- Paranoia
- Stress
Often the symptoms of Chiroptophobia can seem to occur without the object of fear even being present indicating that the fear of Bats has become normalised into everyday life.
This normalisation process often results in the development and use of safety behaviours in an attempt to prevent exposure to triggering events which, paradoxically, may cause the problem to get worse.
In other words, safety behaviours tend to reinforce the fear of Bats rather than diminish it!
Chiroptophobia may be the result of earlier traumatic experiences that can be directly (or indirectly) linked to a specific object or situation, but this is not always the case because fears can also be inherited as learned behaviours from the social context in which a person is brought up.
The good news is that the majority of people who suffer with a fear of Bats will find a course of psychotherapy highly beneficial.
Therapy & Counselling for the Fear of Bats
You can read more about the different types of psychological therapy for the fear of Bats below.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for the Fear of Bats
If you’re determined to overcome your fear of Bats then we highly recommend following our 10 session Tranceformental CBT programme with Paul.
T-CBT is a clinically proven psychotherapy course that will teach you everything you need to know to understand your problem, identify any limiting beliefs and unhelpful thinking styles that you might have developed in order to cope, and then provide guidance on how to make changes to your thinking and behaviours to irradicate the problems.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy has an excellent track-record with problems based on anxiety and fearful cognitions (thoughts) which are key factors in the fear of Bats.
Self-Help CBT Course for the Fear of Bats only £149!
Our online self-help CBT course has been designed to teach you the fundamental tools and techniques of clinically proven Cognitive Behavioural Therapy without having to see a therapist.
Structured over TEN, in-depth modules, this course will provide you everything you need to know to change the way you think about and experience your mental health problems from the comfort of your own home.
Click Self-Help CBT to find out more.
Alternative Psychotherapies for the Fear of Bats
Although we generally recommend CBT for Chiroptophobia, we also offer alternative psychotherapies for people preferring a different approach.
These include:
Psychodynamic therapy which focuses on understanding why the problem has arisen and relies on the therapy relationship to bring about change.
Counselling which is less formally structured than CBT but still provides a safe and non-judgmental environment in which to discuss issues. Talking problems through with a skilled counsellor is often therapeutic in its own right.
Hypnotherapy is an alternative form of psychotherapy that can be applied to a very wide range of problems and is available with Joan.
Free Initial Consultations for the Fear of Bats
We offer all prospective clients FREE initial consultations to discuss your Chiroptophobia problems prior to commencing any psychotherapy programmes.
The consultation and lasts around 50 minutes.
During this consultation we will discuss the various solutions that are available to you and make a considered recommendation based on your individual personal circumstances.
Initial consultations are also available online.
We recognise the importance of the therapy relationship in helping people to bring about effective change, so it is important to meet (either face-to-face or online) before deciding to follow a course of psychotherapy.
Our policy is to help people make a fully balanced & considered decision about undertaking work with us, including both the financial and personal implications.