The language of international business егэ ответы

ЕГЭ Экзаменационная работа по английскому языку состоит из четырёх разделов («Аудирование», «Чтение», «Грамматика и лексика», «Письмо»), включающих в себя 40 заданий.

Пробный вариант составлен на основе официальной демоверсии от ФИПИ за 2021 год.

В конце варианта приведены правильные ответы ко всем заданиям. Вы можете свериться с ними и найти у себя ошибки.

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Интересные задания

10. Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. The language of international business
2. The most popular spoken language in the world
3. It continues to change
4. You can improve your confidence
5. The language of some of the world’s greatest literature
6. A fantastic intellectual challenge
7. An access to some of the world’s best universities
8. Used all around the world

A. Depending a bit on how you count, in addition to the approximately 400 million native speakers, English is understood and/or spoken by 1–1.6 billion people. With over a quarter of the world speaking the language, there’s always someone to practice with, especially when you travel. English is the most commonly used language among foreign language speakers. Throughout the world, when people with different languages come together they commonly use English to communicate.

B. With world business headquarters predominantly in the financial hubs of the UK and USA, English has long been the default language of trade as you can read in the history of the English language. Therefore, English is the dominant business language and it has become almost a necessity for people to speak English if they are to enter a global workforce, research from all over the world shows that crossborder business communication is most often conducted in English.

C. English is widely regarded as the language of higher education. Oxford, Cambridge, Harvard and MIT are just a few of the famous universities that occupy the lofty heights of the top of the world education league tables, and you’ll need to speak English fluently for access to any of these, as they’re all English-speaking. If you have your sights set on a top university, the effort you put in to study English as early as possible in your school years will be rewarded when it comes to the choice of universities to which you can apply.

D. If you learn English, you’ll be able to enjoy works by some of the world’s most famous writers, in the language in which they were intended to be read or heard. The works of Shakespeare will take on a new meaning when you’re able to speak English, and you can look forward to enjoying such influential classics as Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights and her sister’s Jane Eyre, George Orwell’s 1984 and Animal Farm, Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice and many, many more. E. English is undoubtedly one of the hardest languages to learn. Full of nuances, unexpected pronunciations, odd rules and infuriating exceptions to rules, it takes dedication and perseverance to reach a good level of fluency. If you’re on the lookout for a new challenge, learning English may be just what you’re after. Not only that, but because it’s so widely spoken, it opens you up to a huge number of new cultural experiences, which will help you develop life skills, meet new people and grow your confidence in handling new situations.

F. Selfie, Hashtagging, Blogging, Smasual, etc. All these words are new to the English language but have already become valued members of the lexicon. More than any other language, English continues to evolve and absorb new words that branch out — often untranslated — into other languages. Every year approximately more than 1.000 new and approved words are added to the Oxford Dictionary. This tremendous development is the result due to technology, Social Media and how people spontaneously coin new words during daily life. G. I doubt there is any person alive who does not wish they could speak another language. It is a skill that everyone would love to add to their resume. With a little bit of studying every day, you can have this skill. Then you can be very proud of your ability to communicate with a wide variety of people. Learning a language is hard and everyone knows it. People will automatically respect your commitment to learning and maintaining your English. Your ability to help and communicate with people will help you earn respect.

12. According to the author Northern Ireland used to be …
1) part of the UK.
2) part of Ireland.
3) part of the Republic of Ireland.
4) part of Southern Ireland.

13. Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the author?
1) The Giant’s Causeway is the only UNESCO World Heritage Site in Northern Ireland.
2) ‘A Game of Thrones’ was shot in The Giant’s Causeway.
3) The Giant’s Causeway is surrounded by beautiful beaches.
4) A volcano eruption created The Giant’s Causeway.

14. The author says that the Irish language …
1) is spoken by 70% of the population of Northern Ireland.
2) is the national language of Northern Ireland.
3) is a minority language in Northern Ireland.
4) is a variation of English.

Вам будет интересно:

ЕГЭ по английскому языку 11 класс 2021. Новый тренировочный вариант №11 — №210201 (задания и ответы)

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Джалолова Светлана Анатольевна, учитель английского языка Высшей квалификационной категории. Победитель конкурсного отбора на соискание Гранта Москвы в сфере образования 2010г. Старший эксперт ГИА ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Победитель Всероссийской Олимпиады учителей английского языка «Профи-край» 2015 год. Почетная грамота Министерства образования РФ 2014 г., Грамота победителя конкурса лучших учителей РФ 2007г., Диплом победителя конкурса на соискание Гранта Москвы 2010 г.. Стаж работы — 23 года.

Недашковская Наталья Михайловна, Учитель английского языка Высшей квалификационной категории. Победитель ПНПО 2007 г. Победитель конкурсного отбора на соискание Гранта Москвы в сфере образования 2010г. Эксперт ГИА ОГЭ по английскому языку. Проводила педагогическую экспертизу учебных изданий при РАО 2015-2016. Почетная грамота Министерства образования РФ 2013 г., Грамота победителя конкурса лучших учителей РФ 2007г., Диплом победителя конкурса на соискание Гранта Москвы 2010 г. Стаж работы — 35 лет.
Подвигина Марина Михайловна, Учитель английского языка Высшей квалификационной категории. Победитель ПНПО 2008 г. Победитель конкурсного отбора на соискание Гранта Москвы в сфере образования 2010г. Старший эксперт ГИА ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Проводила педагогическую экспертизу учебных изданий при РАО 2015-2016. Почетная грамота Министерства образования РФ 2015 г., Грамота победителя конкурса лучших учителей РФ 2008г., Диплом победителя конкурса на соискание Гранта Москвы 2010 г. Стаж работы — 23 года.
Трофимова Елена Анатольевна, Учитель английского языка Высшей квалификационной категории. Старший эксперт ГИА ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Почетная грамота Министерства образования РФ 2013 г. Стаж работы — 15 лет.

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Читайте также:
ЕГЭ по английскому языку: раздел «Чтение»
ЕГЭ по английскому языку: раздел «Грамматика»
ЕГЭ по английскому языку: раздел «Письмо»
ЕГЭ по английскому языку: устная часть

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Раздел 1 «Аудирование» включает в себя 3 задания

Задачей ЕГЭ по английскому языку в разделе «Аудирование» является проверка уровня сформированности таких умений, как:

• понимание основного содержания прослушанного текста;
• понимание в прослушанном тексте запрашиваемой информации или определение в нем ее отсутствия;
• полное и точное понимание прослушанного текста.

Рекомендуемое время выполнения данного раздела — 30 минут. Максимальный результат — 20 баллов.

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Задание 1. Задание B1 — B6 на установление соответствия между высказываниями каждого говорящего A-F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1-6. Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными  в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей буквой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды.

Прежде, чем приступить к выполнению заданий, необходимо внимательно прочитать утверждения, данные в списке и подчеркнуть ключевые слова. Представленные утверждения связаны одной темой, поэтому необходимо обратить особое внимание на отличительные черты высказываний. После прочтения задания, оно может выглядеть следующим образом:

1. In this city you pay practically nothing for renting a bike
2. It’s basically OK but I’m not sure they use proper bikes
3. I don’t use bikes but I like the cycling system in that city
4. Riding a bike is, first of all, a very healthy habit
5. I find the system useful though I don’t bike very often
6. The bikes they use here are not good for the hilly area
7. The politicians there are against biking and bikers.

При выполнении данного задания не требуется полное понимание аудиотекста, поэтому важно определить ключевые слова и обязательно помнить, что в аудиотексте для высказывания основной мысли фрагмента будут использоваться синонимы, синонимичные конструкции.

Speaker A. The city bike system in Helsinki, the capital of Finland, is very well developed. The bicycles have motors to help you go uphill, and you get them out of the locked stands by leaving a deposit. There are different ways to pay and the cost is low. I can’t bike myself because I don’t have a good sense of balance but I saw lots of those bikes last summer when I visited Helsinki.

При прослушивании Аудиофрагмента 1 / Speaker A определяем основную информацию:	У нас есть утверждение, где мы определили ключевые слова:
The city bike system in Helsinki … is very well developed. I can’t bike myself	3. I like the cycling system in that city I don’t use bikes

Соответственно выбираем утверждение 3 — I don’t use bikes but I like the cycling system in that city.

Speaker B. Glasgow’s city bike system is terrible. Big, heavy London style bikes in a city built on a series of steep hills? We should have mountain bikes the same way they do in places with a similar geography (like in Norway). The bicycle lanes are terrible as well. The whole system was obviously designed by those who have never cycled in the city. The worst part is that the money has been spent now and we won’t get it back. 

При прослушивании Аудиофрагмента 2 / Speaker B определяем основную информацию:	У нас есть утверждение, где мы определили ключевые слова:
Big, heavy London style bikes in a city built on a series of steep hills? We should have mountain bikes	6. The bikes   …  are not good for the hilly area

Соответственно выбираем утверждение 6 — The bikes they use here are not good for the hilly area.

Speaker C. In Hamburg the first half hour is free. Most journeys take maximum half an hour or less. You pay a nominal fee of €5 to register but this becomes credit for your first journey. Thus, the system is effectively free. If you do go over half an hour it’s 6c or 8c a minute to a maximum of €12. The bikes are of excellent quality. They even have children’s bikes in different sizes if you are travelling with your parents which I often do!

При прослушивании Аудиофрагмента 3 / Speaker C определяем основную информацию:	У нас есть утверждение, где мы определили ключевые слова:
In Hamburg the first half hour is free. Most journeys take maximum half an hour or less.	1. In this city you pay practically nothing for renting a bike

Соответственно выбираем утверждение 1 — In this city you pay practically nothing for renting a bike.

Speaker D. In Sydney, Australia, the city bike system is a complete failure. Why? We have a corrupt state Liberal National Party government that fights a bike-friendly progressive council at every turn. We also have a Murdoch Sydney tabloid called ‘The Daily Telegraph’ which demonises bicycle riders and bike infrastructure. God knows who they represent or who is paying them… extremely dumb big business? It’s basically bicycle rider’s hell.

При прослушивании Аудиофрагмента 4 / Speaker D определяем основную информацию:	У нас есть утверждение, где мы определили ключевые слова:
a corrupt state Liberal National Party government  fights a bike-friendly progressive council	7. The politicians there are against biking and bikers

Соответственно выбираем утверждение 7 — The politicians there are against biking and bikers.

Speaker E. I have a feeling some cities have city bike systems because it is cool, I mean cool hip cities have to have city bike systems, right? I believe Las Vegas started something where you can share your own bike. I am just not sure if the beach cruisers they are using are the best city bikes. And that’s exactly what they are using all over Las Vegas.

При прослушивании Аудиофрагмента 5/ Speaker E определяем основную информацию:	У нас есть утверждение, где мы определили ключевые слова:
…cool hip cities have to have city bike systems, right?  I am just not sure if the beach cruisers they are using are the best city bikes	2. It’s basically OK but I’m not sure they use proper bikes

Соответственно выбираем утверждение 2 — It’s basically OK but I’m not sure they use proper bikes.

Speaker F. Even though I rarely use the service I have just renewed my Dublinbike subscription. The closest station is about a fifteen minute walk from my home, so expansion would be welcome. However, the expansion plans are being postponed by a lack of funding as sponsorship is not enough to cover the costs. Trams in the center of Dublin make cycling very unpleasant.

При прослушивании Аудиофрагмента 6/ Speaker F определяем основную информацию:	У нас есть утверждение, где мы определили ключевые слова:
I rarely use the service The closest station is about a fifteen minute walk from my home, so expansion would be welcome.	5. I don’t bike very often. I find the system useful

Соответственно выбираем утверждение 5 — I find the system useful though I don’t bike very often.

Учащимся необходимо помнить, что одно из утверждений является лишним. В данном случае – это утверждение 4 — Riding a bike is, first of all, a very healthy habit. Ни в одном из аудиотекстов не говорилось о пользе велосипедного спорта для здоровья.

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Скачать бесплатно все аудиоприложения к «Forward»

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Задание 2А – 2G

Задание 2. Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды. У Вас есть 20 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданием.

Для успешного выполнения данного задания следует помнить следующее:

• Необходимо извлекать запрашиваемую информацию из реплик каждого говорящего
• Важно понимать разницу между вариантом «Неверно» и вариантом «В тексте не сказано». Неверное предложение содержит информацию, которая противоречит аудиотексту, а вариант «В тексте не сказано» означает, что в аудиотексте ничего не говорится по этому поводу.

Прежде, чем приступать к выполнению данного задания, необходимо внимательно прочитать утверждения и попробовать представить, о чем будет говориться в аудиотексте. В данном задании нельзя предположить правильный ответ до прослушивания. До прослушивания можно представить, какая информация может потребоваться (дата, время, цифры и т.д.), чтобы решить для себя во время прослушивания какое утверждение верное, какое — нет, о каком высказывании ничего не говорится в аудиотексте.

Рассмотрим аудиотекст диалога и утверждения к нему:
1. Joan and Steve begin with settling the date of the party
2. Joan and Steve were satisfied with the last year’s party
3. Steve is not sure how to spell the name of the new Indian restaurant
4. Steve visited the Park View Hotel before
5. Joan will call the restaurants
6. Joan and Steve agree on the price of £12 a head
7. The boss of Joan and Steve is a vegetarian.

Joan: Right, Steve…About our party! Let’s try and get it sorted out today so we don’t have it hanging over us. OK?
Steve: Good idea, Joan. I’ll take notes.
Joan: First — dates… well. That’s straightforward.
Steve: The last working day before Christmas… which is…
Joan: … which is December 21^st.
Steve: …which is going to be pretty difficult to book at Christmas so we’d better think of two or three places just to be on the safe side.
Joan: Well, last year was a disaster.
Steve: The Red Lion, wasn’t it?
Joan: Yeah. We ought to go for something more expensive, ‘cause you… Steve: … you get what you pay for.
Joan: That new Indian restaurant in Wetherfield is supposed to be excellent… the Rajdoot.
Steve: How do you spell that?
Joan: R-A-J-D-O-O-T.
Steve: But it’s bound to be packed.
Joan: Well, let’s put that down as the first choice and have some back-ups. What about the Park View Hotel as the second choice?
Steve: Yes, that’s always reliable. Park View Hotel…
Joan: And the London Arms just in case.
Steve: London Arms…
Joan: I’ll call them now if you want.
Steve: No. I’ll do it, Joan. You are really busy. Have you got the numbers? Joan: Not for the Rajdoot, but … right… Park View Hotel: 777193 and … London Arms: 207658.
Steve: Great. Before I ring, we’d better just make sure they are within the price range.
Joan: Up to £15 a head?
Steve: I think you’ll find some people won’t be able to go that high.
Joan: Well, you can’t get anything decent under £10.
Steve: OK. We’ll say £12?
Joan: OK.
Steve: And we’d better make sure there’s good vegetarian food.
Joan: Yes, you know what the boss is like.
Steve: Don’t remind me. I’ll let you know as soon as I find out anything.

1. Joan and Steve begin with settling the date of the party.

Joan: Right, Steve…About our party! Let’s try and get it sorted out today so we don’t have it hanging over us. OK?
Steve: Good idea, Joan. I’ll take notes.
Joan: First — dates… well. That’s straightforward

Ответ — 1. Джоан и Стив начинают диалог с того, что собираются определиться с датами своего праздника.

2. Joan and Steve were satisfied with the last year’s party.

Steve: …which is going to be pretty difficult to book at Christmas so we’d better think of two or three places just to be on the safe side.
Joan: Well, last year was a disaster.
Steve: The Red Lion, wasn’t it?
Joan: Yeah. We ought to go for something more expensive, ‘cause you…
Steve: … you get what you pay for.

Ответ — 2. Стив и Джоан отнюдь не были удовлетворены вечеринкой (were satisfied), оба собеседника считают, что поздний заказ ресторана, невозможность выбора ресторана в канун праздника было катастрофой (was a disaster) для вечеринки в прошлом году.

3. Steve is not sure how to spell the name of the new Indian restaurant.

Joan: That new Indian restaurant in Wetherfield is supposed to be excellent… the Rajdoot.
Steve: How do you spell that?
Joan:
R-A-J-D-O-O-T.

Ответ — 1. Стив просит произнести название ресторана по буквам.

4. Steve visited the Park View Hotel before.

Joan: Well, let’s put that down as the first choice and have some back-ups. What about the Park       View Hotel as the second choice?
Steve: Yes, that’s always reliable. Park View Hotel…
Joan:
And the London Arms just in case.

Ответ — 3. Стив в диалоге всего лишь говорит, что the Park View Hotel (ресторан) — надежен. Никаких указаний на то, что Стив там был ранее нет.

5. Joan will call the restaurants.

Joan: I’ll call them now if you want.
Steve: No. I’ll do it, Joan. You are really busy. Have you got the numbers?

Ответ — 2, так как Джоан вызывается обзвонить рестораны, но Стив против и собирается сделать это сам.

6. Joan and Steve agree on the price of £12 a head.

Steve: Great. Before I ring, we’d better just make sure they are within the price range.
Joan: Up to £15 a head?
Steve: I think you’ll find some people won’t be able to go that high.
Joan: Well, you can’t get anything decent under £10.
Steve: OK. We’ll say £12?
Joan: OK.

Ответ — 1. Джоан и Стив согласны на сумму 12 долларов с человека.

7. The boss of Joan and Steve is a vegetarian.

Steve: And we’d better make sure there’s good vegetarian food.
Joan: Yes, you know what the boss is like.
Steve: Don’t remind me. I’ll let you know as soon as I find out anything.

Ответ — 1. Стив и Джоан стремятся убедиться в наличии хорошего вегетарианского меню для начальника.

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Задания 3-9 Множественный выбор. Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды

Прежде чем выполнять данное задание, необходимо внимательно прочитать вопросы в задании, найти в них ключевые слова и подчеркнуть их, постараться подобрать синонимы к ключевым словам. Обращайте внимание не столько на слова, сколько на контекст. Большое значение в этом задании имеет контекст, так как и правильные, и неправильные варианты могут содержать слова и выражения из аудиотекста. В этом задании, как и в предыдущем, необходимо следить за репликами каждого участника диалога, так как запрашиваемая информация может быть в репликах любого участника интервью.

Рассмотрим аудиотекст интервью и утверждения к нему:

Presenter: Tonight we continue talking with Dr Strait. So far we’ve looked at various aspects of staff selection and I think by now you should all be beginning to see how much more there is to it than just putting the applicants through a short interview or asking the ‘right’ questions. So I think you should be ready for today’s talk on ‘matching the person to the job’.
Dr Strait: We’re going to talk today about the importance of choosing that all- round ‘right’ person.
Presenter: You mean we have to put ourselves into the role of the manager or supervisor?
Dr Strait: Yes. And then we are going to imagine how different applicants would fit into the team or group they have to work with. So, we’ll look at some examples later.
Presenter: It’s just theoretical at the moment…
Dr Strait: Yes. The point is you can select someone – even a friend – who has all the right qualifications… degrees… certificates, whatever.  You can also check that they have a lot of experience… that they’ve done the sort of tasks that you want them to do in your office already, in a similar environment. But if they start work and you realize that they just don’t get along with everybody else, that… say they’ve got sharply contrasting views on how something will work… well, with the best intentions you may be backing a loser.
Presenter: Wouldn’t it be just a question of company training though?
Dr Strait: Not always. Particularly in a team situation and I think it’s important to think in terms of that type of working environment. People have to have faith in each other’s ability to carry out the task their boss has set them. They have to trust that everyone will do their part of the job, and you can’t necessarily train people for this.
Presenter:  But it’s like trying to find out what someone’s personality is like in a job interview… I mean you can’t just do that. Even if you try, you won’t find out what they are really like until they actually start work.
Dr Strait: Well, in most interviews you usually ask candidates questions  about their hobbies and what they like doing in their spare time… that sort of thing… so employers are already involved in the practice of… well, doing part of the task.
Presenter: But it doesn’t tell you anything. It doesn’t tell you if they are easygoing or hate smokers or whatever.
Dr Strait: Well, arguably it does give you information about an applicant’s character, but also … more and more employers around the world are making use of what is called ‘a personality questionnaire’ to help them select new staff and…
Presenter: Sorry, what’s it called?
Dr Straight: A Personality Questionnaire. They have to be filled out by the candidates sometime during the selection procedure, often just before an interview. The idea is actually quite old. Apparently they were used by the ancient Chinese for picking out clerks and civil servants, and then later they were used by the military to put people in appropriate areas of work. They’ve gained a lot of ground since then and there are about 80,000 different tests available now and almost two thirds of the large employers use them.
Presenter: Which makes you think that there (fade out)

1) Which of the following is emphasised in the introduction?

1. Interviews
2. Staff selection
3. Question techniques

Presenter: Tonight we continue talking with Dr Strait. So far we’ve looked at various aspects of staff selection and I think by now you should all be beginning to see how much more there is to it than just putting the applicants through a short interview or asking the ‘right’ questions. So I think you should be ready for today’s talk on ‘matching the person to the job’.
Dr Strait: We’re going to talk today about the importance of choosing that all- round ‘right’ person.

Which of the following is emphasised in the introduction? / Во вступлении подчеркивается (is emphasised in the introduction)
2.Staff selection	В тексте говорится, что выбор персонала (2) важнее (see how much more there is to it), чем интервью (1) и правильные вопросы — «Question techniques» (3). …than just putting the applicants through a short interview or asking the ‘right’ questions we’ve looked at various aspects of staff selection … you should  see how much more there is to it

Ответ: 2 — Staff selection

2) Dr Strait plans to discuss …

1. the value of team work.
2. basic managerial skills.
3. how an applicant would fit in a team.

Dr Strait: Yes. And then we are going to imagine how different applicants would fit into the team or group they have to work with. So, we’ll look at some examples later
Dr Strait: Yes. The point is you can select someone – even a friend – who has all the right qualifications… degrees… certificates, whatever.  You can also check that they have a lot of experience… that they’ve done the sort of tasks that you want them to do in your office already, in a similar environment.  

Dr Strait plans to discuss / Доктор Стрейт планирует обсудить (plans to discuss — are going to imagine)
3. how an applicant would fit in a team	how different applicants would fit into the team or group they have to work with.
1.the value of team work 2. basic managerial skills	нет в тексте

Ответ: 3 — how an applicant would fit in a team.

3) Dr Strait underlines the importance of an applicant’s…

1. qualifications.
2. experience.
3. group work skills.

Dr Strait: Yes. The point is you can select someone – even a friend – who has all the right qualifications… degrees… certificates, whatever.  You can also check that they have a lot of experience… that they’ve done the sort of tasks that you want them to do in your office already, in a similar environment. But if they start work and you realize that they just don’t get along with everybody else, that… say they’ve got sharply contrasting views on how something will work… well, with the best intentions you may be backing a loser. 

Dr Strait underlines the importance of an applicant’s / Доктор Стрейт подчеркивает, что соискателю важны
3.group work skills.	they start work and they just don’t get along with everybody else, that… say they’ve got sharply contrasting views on how something will work… well, with the best intentions you may be backing a loser.
1.qualifications, 2.experience	упоминаются в тексте, но судя по контексту всего отрывка, по значимости образование и опыт уступают умению работать в команде (см начало отрывка)

Ответ: 3 — group work skills.

4) According to Dr Strait, an important part of teamwork is having trust in your…

1. colleague’s ability.
2. employer’s directions.
3. company training.

Presenter: Wouldn’t it be just a question of company training though?
Dr Strait: Not always. Particularly in a team situation and I think it’s important to think in terms of that type of working environment. People have to have faith in each other’s ability to carry out the task their boss has set them. They have to trust that everyone will do their part of the job, and you can’t necessarily train people  for this. 

According to Dr Strait, an important part of teamwork is having trust in your / Доктор Стрейт считает, что необходимая составляющая командной работы — доверие/вера в (ком?) фраза не завершена ни по-английски, ни по-русски
1. colleague’s ability	People have to have faith in each other’s ability to carry out the task their boss has set them. They have to trust that everyone will do their part of the job,
2.employer’s directions. 3.company training.	в тексте есть слова — the task their boss has set them, а также — you can’t necessarily train people for this. Данные фразы употребляются в следующем контексте — верить в коллегу, которому начальник дает задание, необходимо доверять коллеге, нельзя доверие наработать тренировкой

Ответ: 1 — colleague’s ability

5) The presenter doubts the effectiveness of…

1. company training.
2. job interviews.
3. question techniques.

Presenter: But it’s like trying to find out what someone’s personality is like in a job interview… I mean you can’t just do that. Even if you try, you won’t find out what they are really like until they actually start work.                                             

The presenter doubts the effectiveness of / Журналист сомневается в эффективности собеседований (2. job interviews). Им произносится следующая фраза: …it’s like trying to find out what someone’s personality is like in a job interview… I mean you can’t just do that

1. company training 3. question techniques

А следующие фразы: «you can’t necessarily train people for this», « in most interviews you usually ask candidates questions  about their hobbies and what they like doing in their spare time… that sort of thing…», которые можно посчитать за синонимичные выражения данных вопросов, звучат в аудиозаписи совсем в других контекстах и ВНИМАНИЕ! принадлежат не журналисту, а доктору Стрейт. 1) Dr Strait: They have to trust that everyone will do their part of the job, and you can’t necessarily train people for this. 2) Dr Strait: Well, in most interviews you usually ask candidates questions  about their hobbies and what they like doing in their spare time… that sort of thing… so employers are already involved in the practice of… well, doing part of the task.

Ответ: 2 — job interviews.

6) Dr Strait claims that finding out personal information is…

1. a skill that requires practice.
2. avoided by most interviewers.
3. already a part of job interviews.

Dr Strait: Well, in most interviews you usually ask candidates questions  about their hobbies and what they like doing in their spare time… that sort of thing… so employers are already involved in the practice of… well, doing part of the task.
Presenter: But it doesn’t tell you anything. It doesn’t tell you if they are easygoing or hate smokers or whatever
Dr Strait: Well, arguably it does give you information about an applicant’s character,

Dr Strait claims that finding out personal information is  / Доктор Стрейт считает, что якобы выяснение личной информации
3. is already a part of job interviews.	in most interviews you usually ask candidates questions  about their hobbies and what they like doing in their spare time Well, arguably it does give you information about an applicant’s character
1. a skill that requires practice. 2. avoided by most interviewers	в аудиотексте нет упоминания о том, что для выяснения личной информации нужен навык, который приобретается с практикой, а также нет информации о том, что лица, которые проводят собеседование избегают запрашивать личную информацию

Ответ: 3 — already a part of job interviews.

7) According to Dr Strait, Personality Questionnaires… 

1. have a very long history.
2. were first used by the military.
3. were invented by large employers.

Dr Straight: A Personality Questionnaire. They have to be filled out by the candidates sometime during the selection procedure, often just before an interview. The idea is actually quite old. Apparently they were used by the ancient Chinese for picking out clerks and civil servants, and then later they were used by the military to put people in appropriate areas of work. They’ve gained a lot of ground since then and there are about 80,000 different tests available now and almost two thirds of the large employers use them.

According to Dr Strait, Personality Questionnaires / По мнению Доктора Стрейт данные опросники
1.have a very long history	The idea is actually quite old… they were used by the ancient Chinese
2. were first used by the military. 3. were invented by large employers	относительно использования опросников первыми в тексте четко звучит — they were used by the ancient Chinese for picking out clerks and civil servants, and then later they were used by the military to put people in appropriate areas of work касательно изобретения опросников крупными работодателями аудиотекст также четко определяет: they were used by the ancient Chinese … and almost two thirds of the large employers use them.

Ответ: 1 — have a very long history.

По окончании выполнения зданий необходимо перенести ответы в бланк ответов.

2

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А—G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

A Dana has been very successful recently.

B Ken is going to tell Dana some important information.

C Dana is looking for the job at the moment.

D Dana’s promotion came through quite unexpectedly.

E Dana didn’t get a raise in her salary.

F Ken is getting married in two weeks.

G Dana is surprised to hear that her friend is getting married.

Вы услышите рассказ популярной американской певицы о её карьере. В заданиях 3—9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

3

The narrator says she started to write songs
1) when she was ten.
2) because she could not talk.
3) because it was the best way to express her feelings.
Ответ: .

4

According to the narrator,
1) she could afford to have a recording studio.
2) her family was not well off.
3) she bought Christmas presents for her friends.
Ответ: .

5

The narrator returned to Texas because
1) her apartment burnt down.
2) she had got several college music scholarships.
3) a friend told her about the American Idol audition in Dallas.
Ответ: .

6

Looking back on the show, the narrator says that
1) few people really believed she could win.
2) the members of the crew were not at all supportive.
3) everyone was supporting her.
Ответ: .

7

The narrator thinks that
1) she ought to become thinner.
2) she could serve as a role model for young girls.
3) girls should not live up to their idols.
Ответ: .

8

The narrator dreams of
1) touring the world.
2) having a permanent relationship.
3) staying single.
Ответ: .

9

The narrator considers herself
1) to be a celebrity.
2) practical and sensible.
3) honest and sincere.
Ответ: .

Раздел 2. ЧТЕНИЕ

10

Установите соответствие между заголовками 1—8 и текстами A—G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

A. Young children have a genetic ability to learn language. They come into the world as eager learning machines, and language acquisition is a major aspect of this learning. How children actually learn language is not entirely clear, however. Most linguists believe that they do it primarily by listening to and trying to communicate with adult speakers. Initially, this means that they copy the way adults use words and grammar.

B. Learning a second or third language is easier in early childhood than later. It is particularly important to learn correct pronunciation as young as possible. At any age, learning by constant contact with native speakers in their own society is the quickest and the most effective method. It is superior to taking foreign language classes because it forces you to concentrate on it all of the time.

C. Learning a second language can be affected by the patterns of the first language. There can be some blending of phonemes. For instance, most Americans who learn French in high school or college pronounce French words with a distinctive American accent. Grammar can also be affected. English speakers who learn both French and Spanish sometimes combine grammatical rules of both when speaking either of them.

D. Until just a few years ago, language study was limited to the classroom or personal tutor, or home study by book. In the last few decades technology has given us a much needed audio option — first vinyl records, then cassettes and CDs. Now technology has given us a new format — the Internet. Options to learn a language by Internet are still limited but the potential is not.

E. What is important when learning a language? If you have the desire and persistence, time is the only factor that you may have to work with. How much time you can devote to learning will play a role in how quickly you can learn the language. Just remember how exciting it will be and how rewarding you will feel at the accomplishment.

F. Rather than have businessmen, diplomats, scientists and tourists from every country learning all the major languages that they want to learn or need to learn, Esperantists would have everyone just learn one second language — Esperanto. Then everyone could communicate with everyone, everywhere. The major ‘national’ languages could keep their special characteristics for anyone who wanted to learn them. This is the essence of the ‘Esperanto Movement’.

G. More than half of the world’s 7,000 languages are expected to die out by the end of the century, often taking with them irreplaceable knowledge about the natural world. When a species dies out, sometimes fossils can be found, remains uncovered. But when a human language disappears, there’s rarely any key left behind. Each loss becomes a linguistic black hole, where an entire way of knowing the world disappears.

11

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A—F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

A constitution may be defined as the system of fundamental principles according to A ____________. A good example of a written constitution is the Constitution of the United States, formed in 1787.

The Constitution sets up a federal system with a strong central government. Each state preserves its own independence by reserving to itself certain well-defined powers such as education, taxes and finance, internal communications, etc. The powers B ____________ are those dealing with national defence, foreign policy, the control of international trade, etc.

Under the Constitution power is also divided among the three branches of the national government. The First Article provides for the establishment of the legislative body, Congress, and defines its powers. The second does the same for the executive branch, the President, and the Third Article provides for a system of federal courts.

The Constitution itself is rather short, it contains only 7 articles. And it was obvious in 1787 C ____________. So the 5th article lays down the procedure for amendment. A proposal to make a change must be first approved by two-thirds majorities in both Houses of Congress and then ratified by three quarters of the states.

The Constitution was finally ratified and came into force on March 4, 1789. When the Constitution was adopted, Americans were dissatisfied D ____________. It also recognized slavery and did not establish universal suffrage.

Only several years later, Congress was forced to adopt the first 10 amendments to the Constitution, E ____________. They guarantee to Americans such important rights and freedoms as freedom of press, freedom of religion, the right to go to court, have a lawyer, and some others.

Over the past 200 years 26 amendments have been adopted F ____________. It provides the basis for political stability, individual freedom, economic growth and social progress.

1. which are given to a Federal government
2. because it did not guarantee basic freedoms and individual rights
3. but the Constitution itself has not been changed
4. so it has to be changed
5. which a nation or a state is constituted and governed
6. which were called the Bill of Rights
7. that there would be a need for altering it

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

That summer an army of crickets started a war with my father. They picked a fight the minute they invaded our cellar. Dad didn’t care for bugs much more than Mamma, but he could tolerate a few spiders and assorted creepy crawlers living in the basement. Every farm house had them. A part of rustic living, and something you needed to put up with if you wanted the simple life.

He told Mamma: ‘Now that we’re living out here, you can’t be jerking your head and swallowing your gum over what’s plain natural, Ellen.’ But she was a city girl through and through and had no ears when it came to defending vermin. She said a cricket was just a noisy cockroach, just a dumb horny bug that wouldn’t shut up. No way could she sleep with all that chirping going on! Then to prove her point she wouldn’t go to bed. She drank coffee and smoked my father’s cigarettes and she paced between the couch and the TV. Next morning she threatened to pack up and leave, so Dad drove to the hardware store and hurried back. He squirted poison from a jug with a spray nozzle. He sprayed the basement and all around the foundation of the house. When he had finished, he told us that was the end of it.

But what he should have said was: ‘This is the beginning’. For the next fourteen days Mamma kept finding dead crickets in the clean laundry. She’d shake out a towel or a sheet and a dead black cricket would roll across the linoleum. Sometimes the cat would corner one, and swat it around like he was playing hockey, then carry it away in his mouth. Dad said swallowing a few dead crickets wouldn’t hurt as long as the cat didn’t eat too many.

Soon live crickets started showing up in the kitchen and bathroom. Mamma freaked because she thought they were the dead crickets come back to haunt, but Dad said they were definitely a new batch, probably coming up on the pipes. He fetched his jug of poison and sprayed beneath the sink and behind the toilet and all along the baseboard until the whole house smelled of poison, and then he sprayed the cellar again, and then he went outside and sprayed all around the foundation leaving a foot-wide moat of poison.

For a couple of weeks we went back to finding dead crickets in the laundry. Dad told us to keep a sharp look out. He suggested that we’d all be better off to hide as many as we could from Mamma. I fed a few dozen to the cat who I didn’t like because he scratched and bit for no reason. I hoped the poison might kill him so we could get a puppy. Once in a while we found a dead cricket in the bathroom or beneath the kitchen sink. A couple of weeks later, when both live and dead crickets kept turning up, Dad emptied the cellar of junk. He borrowed Uncle Burt’s pickup and hauled a load to the dump. Then he burned a lot of bundled newspapers and magazines which he said the crickets had turned into nests.

He stood over that fire with a rake in one hand and a garden hose in the other. He wouldn’t leave it even when Mamma sent me out to fetch him for supper. He wouldn’t leave the fire, and she wouldn’t put supper on the table. Both my brothers were crying. Finally she went out and got him herself. And while we ate, the wind lifted some embers onto the wood pile. The only gasoline was in the lawn mower fuel tank but that was enough to create an explosion big enough to reach the house. Once the roof caught, there wasn’t much anyone could do.

After the fire trucks left, I made the mistake of volunteering to stay behind while Mamma took the others to Aunt Gail’s. I helped Dad and Uncle Burt and two men I’d never seen before carry things out of the house and stack them by the road. In the morning we’d come back in Burt’s truck and haul everything away. We worked into the night and we didn’t talk much, hardly a word about anything that mattered, and Dad didn’t offer any plan that he might have for us now. Uncle Burt passed a bottle around, but I shook my head when it came to me. I kicked and picked through the mess, dumb struck at how little there was to salvage, while all around the roar of crickets magnified our silence.

(Adapted from ‘The Cricket War’ by Bob Thurber)

12

A cricket is

Ответ: .

13

Mamma threatened to pack up and leave because
1) she had smoked all cigarettes.
2) she had not got used to rustic living.
3) she could not put up with crickets.
4) she was a city girl through and through.
Ответ: .

14

After Dad had sprayed the basement and all around the foundation of the house,
1) the family were constantly coming across dead crickets.
2) the family kept seeing live crickets everywhere.
3) the dead crickets came back to haunt.
4) all crickets disappeared.
Ответ: .

15

The narrator fed the cat with crickets because
1) the cat was hungry.
2) he would like to have another pet.
3) he wanted to hide crickets from Mamma.
4) Dad told him to do it.
Ответ: .

16

Dad borrowed Uncle Burt’s pickup
1) to fight with crickets.
2) to bring new furniture to the cellar.
3) to throw away newspapers and magazines.
4) to get rid of rubbish.
Ответ: .

17

The house caught fire because
1) Dad left a garden hose near the fire.
2) the wind lifted some papers onto the wood pile.
3) the fuel tank had gone off.
4) there wasn’t much anyone could do.
Ответ: .

18

The narrator was surprised
1) that Dad didn’t offer any plan.
2) when the bottle came to him.
3) that crickets were all around.
4) that there was not much to save from the fire.
Ответ: .

Раздел 3. ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19—25.

Обратите внимание, что по правилам ЕГЭ ответы нужно писать без пробелов и других знаков, например, правильный ответ ‘have done’ нужно будет записать как ‘havedone’, иначе ваш ответ не засчитается.

September Mood in England

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26—31, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26—31.

Junk Food

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32—38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32—38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

The Changing World of Computers

Computers are rapidly changing the way we do things. For a technology that is still relatively new, their 32____ on the business and consumer sector has been incomprehensible. As if it was not sufficient to own one computer, many people nowadays have a few of them. We think we need a desktop computer, a laptop computer, and a bunch of little computers in our phones and music players, even 33____ they actually do the same thing. Now that everybody has their desktops and laptops, and we are all able to 34____ the Internet anytime we want to, our world has turned into a virtual playground. We can now connect with our foreign neighbours in a matter of seconds, 35____ of how far away they are from us. It’s as if we no longer have borders in this highly digital world of ours.

Desktops have always been a great option, but the problem with them is that they are not mobile. They have all the 36____ of other computers, but it can be annoying at times to have to sit in the same spot while working. For businesses and personal offices, desktop computers are still the favoured option because of their power. But when people have to be connected while travelling, the need for laptops really becomes apparent. The main advantage of laptops is the ability to communicate with people no 37____ where you are. Our society has been converted into one that has to have all the latest gadgets. Some people even 38____ down on others if they still have last year’s model of some gadget. Those people will always be behind the curve just because of how fast technology is advancing now.

32

Ответ: .

33

Ответ: .

34

Ответ: .

35

Ответ: .

36

Ответ: .

37

Ответ: .

38

Ответ: .

Ваш результат: пока 0.

B11

It is difficult to tell exactly how many languages there are in the world today. ………………… say there are about 2,700 languages, but no one has ever made a more definite count.

 SCIENCE

B12

In most countries there are at least two native languages, and in some cases — as in Cameroon — there are hundreds. The number of languages ………………… changes as tribes die out or linguistic groups are absorbed.

 NATURAL

B13

Nowadays, globalization influences the ………………… of languages. New words appear, existing words acquire new meanings, native words give way to international terms.

 DEVELOP

B14

Almost all languages change. A rare exception is written Icelandic, which has changed so little that ………………… of modern Icelandic can read sagas written a thousand years ago.

 SPEAK

B15

If you drew a map of Europe based on languages, it would be different from a conventional map. For example, Switzerland would practically …………………, becoming part of the surrounding areas of French, Italian, and German.

 APPEAR

B16

Italy, too, would appear on the map not as one language, but as a whole ………………… of broadly related but often mutually incomprehensible dialects.

 VARY

Задания 26-31

The world’s language

The English language is famous for the richness of its vocabulary. Webster’s New International Dictionary lists 450,000 words, and the new Oxford English Dictionary has 615,000, but that is only part of the total. Technical and ___SCIENTIFIC___ terms would add millions more.

The wealth of existing synonyms means that ___SPEAKERS___ of English have two words for something denoted by one word in a different language. The French, for instance, do not distinguish between house and home, between mind and brain. The Spanish cannot differentiate a chairman from a president.

In Russia, there are no native words for efficiency, challenge and engagement ring. Of course, every language has areas in which it needs, for ___PRACTICAL___ purposes, to be more expressive than others. The Eskimos have fifty words for types of snow, though there is no word for just plain snow. ___NATURALLY___, African languages have no native word for snow.

Nowadays, globalization influences the ___DEVELOPMENT___ of languages. Some native words ___APPEAR___, giving way to international terms.

Аудирование Чтение Языковой материал Письмо Говорение