The london marathon celebrates its 23rd birthday ответы егэ

Задание 4. Прочитайте отрывок из
романа и выполните задания 1 – 7, выбирая букву A, B, C или D. Установите
соответствие номера задания выбранному вами варианту ответа.

The London Marathon celebrates its
23^rd birthday. That is 23 years of stresses and strains, blisters
and sore bits, and incredible tales. Somehow, yours truly has managed to run
four of them. And I have medals to prove it. It seemed like a good idea at the
time. I watched the inaugural London Marathon on March 29^th, 1981.
It seemed extraordinary that normal people would want to run 26 miles and 385 yards. And, it must
be said, they looked strange and not quite steady at the end of it all. There
are, indeed, terrible tales of people losing consciousness by the time they
reach that glorious finishing line. But I was captivated. I knew I had to do
it.

Three years later I was living in London, not far from Greenwich
where the event begins, and it seemed the perfect opportunity to give it a go.
I was only a short train ride from the starting line, but more than 26 miles from the finish.
“Who cares?” I thought. By the end I did. The moment I crossed that
finishing line, and had that medal placed around my neck, was one of the finest
in my life. The sense of achievement was immense. It was a mad thing to do, and
ultimately pointless. But knowing that I’d run a Marathon
– that most historic of all distant races – felt incredible.

London provides one of the easiest of all
the officially sanctioned marathons because most of it is flat. Yes, there are
the cobblestones while running through the Tower of London,
and there are the quiet patches where crowds are thin and you are crying out
for some encouragement – those things matter to the alleged “fun” runners like
myself, the serious runners don’t think of such things.

This year London will attract unprecedented number of
athletes, a lot of title holders among them. It is set to witness what is
probably the greatest field ever for a marathon. In the men’s race, for
example, among numerous applicants there’s the holder of the world’s best time,
Khalid Khannouchi of the USA;
the defending champion El Mouriz of Morocco;
Ethiopia’s
Olympic bronze-medallist Tesfaye Tola. And, making his marathon debut, is one
of the finest long distance runners of all time Haile Gebrselassie.

Since 1981, almost half a million
people have completed the London Marathon, raising more than $125 million for
charity. For the majority of the runners, this is what it is all about. It is
for charity, for fun, for self-development. It is a wonderful day. I have run
it with poor training, with proper training. And I have always loved it.

It’s crazy, and it’s one of the
greatest things I’ve ever done. If you want to feel as though you’ve achieved
something, run a marathon.

1. Participation in the London Marathon
resulted for the author in

A) stresses and strains.

B) blisters and sore bits.

C) memorable medals.

D) incredible tales.

2. When the author watched the end of the
first marathon he saw people who were

A) extraordinary steady.

B) feeling weak and exhausted.

C) losing consciousness.

D) having a glorious time.

3. The reason for the author’s participation
in the marathon was the fact that he

A) was fascinated by it.

B) lived not far from its finishing
line.

C) wanted to receive a medal.

D) wanted to do something
incredible.

4. “By the end I did” means that the author

A) found the distance suitable.

B) found the distance challenging.

C) decided to take part in the
marathon.

D) eventually took a train to the
finish.

5. According to the author, the London Marathon is one of
the easiest because

A) it goes through the Tower of London.

B) there are quiet patches without
crowds.

C) many “fun” runners participate in
it.

D) its course does not slope up or
down.

6. “… the greatest field ever for a marathon”
means that the marathon

A) will take place on a big field.

B) is to be run by the famous
runners only.

C) will be witnessed by more people.

D) will welcome a huge number of
sportsmen.

7. According to the author, one should run the
London Marathon
to

A) raise money for charity.

B) get some training.

C) feel self-fulfillment.

D) have fun in a crazy way.

Задание 5. Прочитайте отрывок из
романа и выполните задания 1 – 7, выбирая букву A, B, C или D. Установите
соответствие номера задания выбранному вами варианту ответа.

Harry had come to Canada from Poland at the age of eight. The
family was sent to a Jewish farming village in Manitoba. His father had been a merchant in
the old country, but he was allowed into Canada on condition that he took up
agriculture. In the village, they lived in a small wooden house.

When he was sixteen Harry moved to Winnipeg to work for his
cousin Albert in the fur business. He was paid fifteen dollars a week for sixty
or seventy hours of work. This arrangement continued for two
years, and then Harry asked for a raise or a reduction in working time. His
cousin said no; that was when Harry began his own family fur business. After
his parents sold their farm and moved into the city, he operated out of their North Winnipeg basement.

I was introduced to Harry through a
friend of mine, a local city planner. Harry now owned properties in the
exchange district, so named because it was where the grain and fur exchanges
started. My friend had been encouraging Harry to renovate these buildings. The
city was trying to save its architectural past. Much remained that would have
been torn down in other Canadian cities.

The three of us walked to a
restaurant called Bottles. Looking at the menu, Harry said he didn’t want
anything rich. He had had problems with his stomach since he was eighteen.
“Poor eating,” he explained. There had not been enough money for decent food.

“I don’t know what’s happened to Winnipeg,” Harry said.
“Thirty years ago Portage Avenue
was full of life. Now in the evening the whole downtown is dead.”

Harry had bought his first raw pelts
in 1952. There had been a thousand people employed in the fur trade when he
began. Now he thought there might be a hundred. The fur manufactures in Montreal and Toronto,
many of them Greek immigrants, had taken over the business. “We used to work
like dogs. One of my parents’ neighbours reported us – we weren’t supposed to
work out of a house – so we had to rent space downtown. People said we’d be
broke very soon. But slowly we expanded.”

Harry was among the inter-war
immigrants who had given Winnipeg’s
north end its special character. Then North Winnipeg
had been a seat of political ferment and of Jewish immigrant culture. Its
history had acquired a patina because so many talented people had escaped its
poverty and gone into business or the arts professions. But Harry was one of
the last. Many of the old Jewish families had moved across the river into
more expensive neighbourhoods. There was a new underclass made up of Filipinos,
Vietnamese, and Canadian Indians.

1. Harry’s father was permitted to come to Canada
if he

A) didn’t work in agriculture.

B) became a farmer.

C) remained a merchant.

D) returned to Poland after
some years.

2. Harry stopped working for his cousin Albert
because

A) he returned to his father’s farm.

B) he went to Poland to start
his own business.

C) his cousin refused to pay him
more money.

D) his cousin wanted to increase
working hours.

3. A local city planner wanted Harry to

A) tear down the old buildings.

B) own the buildings.

C) exchange the buildings for fur.

D) restore the buildings.

4. Harry had some problems with his stomach
because in his childhood he

A) had eaten too much.

B) had not been able to eat proper
food.

C) used to starve.

D) had liked rich food.

5. One of Harry’s parents’ neighbours told the
police about them because they

A) used to work like dogs.

B) rented a place downtown.

C) ran their business at home.

D) had expanded their business.

6. “People said we’d be broke very soon” means
that people expected them to

A) go bankrupt soon.

B) destroy their house.

C) have a breakthrough in business.

D) break their back due to hard
work.

7. “Last” in “Harry was one of the last”
refers to

A) the political figures who gave Manitoba its special
character.

B) those who had moved into more
expensive neighbourhood.

C) successful immigrants who still
lived in North Winnipeg.

D) those who had chosen the
profession of the arts.

Задание 6. Прочитайте отрывок из
романа и выполните задания 1 – 7, выбирая букву A, B, C или D. Установите
соответствие номера задания выбранному вами варианту ответа.

I wanted to find my niche. I wanted
to fit so badly with some group, any group in high school. Sports didn’t really
work for me. In fact, I dreaded those times in PE when the captains picked
teams. Fights sometimes happened between captains about who would have the
misfortune of ending up with me on their team. But one day, I saw a girl I liked
go into the marching band office to sign up. Okay, sure, the uniforms looked
stupid and being in the band didn’t exactly give you the best reputation at
school, but there was Jaclyn. I would later learn that many of the
greatest musicians of our time were motivated to music by some girl whose name
they most likely don’t remember anymore.

The first thing to learn was how to
hold the drum and play it. Holding the drum and playing it is not as easy as it
might look. I did, after several private lessons, learn the rhythm. Next, as if
that weren’t difficult enough, I had to learn how to play it while not only
walking, but marching. At the end of the summer, our uniforms arrived. The band
uniform is a sacred attire. It is not only carefully sized to fit the individual,
long-sleeved and hand sewn, acquired through a lot of fund raising activities,
and cleaned after each use. It is worn with pride. It is also 100 percent wool.

I forgot to mention something. In
addition to an inability to play sports, I was also not so good at marching. If
you were not in step, the band director would yell in a loud and embarrassingly
annoyed voice, “OUT OF STEP!” It was at that point that I began to question my
decision to join the band. How do playing music and marching around in silly
formations, all “in step”, go together?

The day of our first competition
finally arrived. Although it didn’t start until 9 a.m., we had to meet at 6 a.m. to get our uniforms from
the “band boosters” – those selfless, dedicated parents who provided comfort
and assistance to the members of the band. I was not really in existence. I
could walk and talk, but inside my brain was fast asleep. I was standing around
waiting for my hat to be cleaned when I noticed a big container of coffee. I
poured myself a cup – my first-ever cup of coffee. It tasted pretty bitter, but
I had to wake up.

Finally, they lined us all up and
off we went. I had had my coffee, so I marched and beat the rhythm out with all
my heart. Then, suddenly all my energy drained away. I began to feel sleepy and
I fell “OUT OF STEP.” No one noticed at first and I tried to skip back into
step. But nothing worked. Then I saw one of the band boosters talking to
another one and pointing at me. Then they motioned for me to leave the
formation. I walked over to them as the band marched on. They told me what I
already knew, I was “OUT OF STEP”, and would have to stay out of the formation
until the band passed the judging stand.

I couldn’t believe it. Now I had to
climb over the lawn chairs, popcorn and arms and legs of my fellow townspeople
for the next mile to keep up with the band, carrying my drum and wearing my
uniform. This was the most humiliating moment of my life.

1. When the narrator was in high school he

A) wanted badly to belong to some
sports team.

B) looked forward to PE classes.

C) sometimes had fights with team
captains picking teams.

D) longed to have something in
common with other students.

2. The reason why the narrator decided to sign
up for the band was his

A) dream to become a musician.

B) wish to get a better reputation.

C) attraction to a girl.

D) liking the band uniform.

3. “The band uniform is a sacred attire” means
it is

A) carefully sized to fit the
individual.

B) long-sleeved hand sewn pure wool.

C) cleaned after each use.

D) highly respected and symbolic.

4. The narrator began to question his decision
to join the band because he

A) saw no connection between playing
music and marching.

B) suddenly found out that he was
not so good at marching.

C) had a bad ear for music.

D) got frightened by the yells of
the band director.

5. The narrator had a cup of coffee before
marching because he

A) sometimes liked to have some.

B) didn’t want to feel sleepy.

C) had got tired of waiting.

D) liked its bitter taste.

6. When the narrator fell “OUT OF STEP” he

A) just kept on marching.

B) expected the band boosters to
encourage him.

C) worked hard to improve the
situation.

D) looked forward to leaving the
formation.

7. When the narrator was told to leave the
formation he felt

A) frightened that the band director
would scold him.

B) miserable because he knew he
would be a laughing stock.

C) relieved because he did not have
to march any more.

D) happy that he could join his
fellow townspeople.

Ответы к заданиям по
чтению ( высокий уровень)

 4. 1-C; 2-B; 3-A; 4-B; 5-D; 6-D; 7-C

5.1-B; 2-C; 3-D; 4-B; 5-C; 6-A; 7-C

6.1-D; 2-C; 3-D; 4-A; 5-B;6-C; 7-B

Задание 1.

 Прочитайте журнальную статью о книге и выполните задания 1 – 5, выбирая букву A, B, C или D. Установите соответствие номера задания выбранному вами варианту ответа.

«A good book for children should simply be a good book in its own right.» These are the words of Mollie Hunter, a well-known author of books for youngsters. Born and bred near Edinburgh, Mollie has devoted her talents to writing primarily for young people. She firmly believes that there is always and should always be a wider audience for any good book whatever its main market. In Mollie’s opinion it is essential to make full use of language and she enjoys telling a story, which is what every writer should be doing: »If you aren’t telling a story, you’re a very dead writer indeed,» she says.

When Mollie was a child her home was still a village with buttercup meadows and strawberry fields – sadly now covered with modern houses. «I was once taken back to see it and I felt that somebody had lain dirty hands all over my childhood. I’ll never go back,» she said. «Never.» »When I set one of my books in Scotland,» she said, «I can recapture my romantic feelings as a child playing in those fields, or watching the village blacksmith at work. And that’s important, because children now know so much so early that romance can’t exist for them, as it did for us.»

To this day, Mollie has a lively affection for children, which is reflected in the love she has for her writing. «When we have visitors with children the adults always say, «If you go to visit Mollie, she’ll spend more time with the children.» Molly believes that parents don’t realize that children are much more interesting company and always have something new and unexpected to say.

1. In Mollie’s opinion a good book should

А) be attractive to a wide audience.

B) be attractive primarily to youngsters.

C) be based on original ideas.

D) include a lot of description.

     2. How does Mollie feel about what has happened to her birthplace?

А) confused

B) ashamed

C) disappointed

D) surprised

1. In comparison with children of earlier years, Mollie feels that modern children are

А) more romantic.

B) better informed.

C) less keen to learn.

D) less interested in fiction.

1. Mollie’s adult visitors generally discover that she

А) is a lively person.

B) is interesting company.

C) talks a lot about her work.

D) pays more attention to their children.

1. Mollie thinks that the parents

А) are not aware of their children’s gifts.

B) overestimate their children’s talents.

C) sometimes don’t understand what their children say.

D) don’t spend much time with their children.

Задание 2.

Прочитайте отрывок из романа и выполните задания 1 – 7, выбирая букву A, B, C или D. Установите соответствие номера задания выбранному вами варианту ответа.

I had first become acquainted with my Italian friend by meeting him at certain great houses where he taught his own language and I taught drawing. All I then knew of the history of his life was that he had left Italy for political reasons; and that he had been for many years respectably established in London as a teacher.

Without being actually a dwarf – for he was perfectly well-proportioned from head to foot – Pesca was, I think, the smallest human being I ever saw. Remarkable anywhere, by his personal appearance, he was still further distinguished among the mankind by the eccentricity of his character. The ruling idea of Peska’s life now was to show his gratitude to the country that had given him a shelter by doing his utmost to turn himself into an Englishman. The Professor aspired to become an Englishman in his habits and amusements, as well as in his personal appearance. Finding us distinguished, as a nation, by our love of athletic exercises, the little man, devoted himself to all our English sports and pastimes, firmly persuaded that he could adopt our national amusements by an effort of will the same way as he had adopted our national gaiters and our national white hat.

I had seen him risk his limbs blindly unlike others at a fox-hunt and in a cricket field; and soon afterwards I saw him risk his life, just as blindly, in the sea at Brighton.

We had met there accidentally, and were bathing together. If we had been engaged in any exercise peculiar to my own nation I should, of course, have looked after Pesca carefully; but as foreigners are generally quite as well able to take care of themselves in the water as Englishmen, it never occurred to me that the art of swimming might merely add one more to the list of manly exercises which the Professor believed that he could learn on the spot. Soon after we had both struck out from shore, I stopped, finding my friend did not
follow me, and turned round to look for him. To my horror and amazement,
I saw nothing between me and the beach but two little white arms which struggled for an instant above the surface of the water, and then disappeared from view. When I dived for him, the poor little man was lying quietly at the bottom, looking smaller than I had ever seen him look before.

When he had thoroughly recovered himself, his warm Southern nature broke through all artificial English restraints in a moment. He overwhelmed me with the wildest expressions of affection and in his exaggerated Italian way declared that he should never be happy again until he rendered me some service which I might remember to the end of my days.

Little did I think then – little did I think afterwards – that the opportunity of serving me was soon to come; that he was eagerly to seize it on the instant; and that by so doing he was to turn the whole current of my existence into a new channel. Yet so it was. If I had not dived for Professor Pesca when he lay under water, I should never, perhaps, have heard even the name of the woman, who now directs the purpose of my life.

     1. Peska taught

A) drawing.

B) Italian.

C) English.

D) politics.

1. Peska impressed people by being

A) well-built.

B) well-mannered.

C) strange.

D) ill-mannered.

1. Peska tried to become a true Englishman because he

A) was thankful to the country that had adopted him.

B) enjoyed Englishman’s pastimes and amusements.

C) loved the way the English did athletic exercises.

D) was fond of the eccentric fashions of the English.

1. ‘… risk his limbs blindly’ means Peska

A) didn’t look where he went.

B) was unaware of danger from others.

C) caused a problem for others.

D) acted rather thoughtlessly.

      5. The author didn’t look after Peska carefully because

A) they both had been engaged in the peculiar English exercise.

B) foreigners were generally bathing not far from the shore.

C) the author was sure that Peska would learn swimming on the spot.

D) the author was sure that Peska was a very good swimmer.

1. Peska wanted to do the author some favour as

A) it was in his warm nature.

B) the author had saved his life.

C) the author was his best friend.

D) he wanted to look English.

1. Peska managed to

A) change the author’s life completely.

B) become English to the core.

C) meet a woman who later directed his life.

D) turn his existence into a new channel.

Задание 3. 

Прочитайте отрывок из романа и выполните задания 1 – 7, выбирая букву A, B, C или D. Установите соответствие номера задания выбранному вами варианту ответа.

Pitcher, a confidential clerk in the office of Harvey Maxwell, allowed a look of mild interest and surprise when his employer briskly entered at half-past nine in company with a young lady. Miss Leslie had been Maxwell’s stenographer for a year. She was beautiful in a way that was decidedly unstenographic. On this morning she was softly and shyly radiant. Her eyes were dreamily bright, her expression a happy one, tinged with reminiscence. Pitcher, still mildly curious, noticed a difference in her ways this morning. Instead of going straight into the adjoining room, where her desk was, she stayed for a while, slightly irresolute, in the outer office. Once she moved over by Maxwell’s desk near enough for him to be aware of her presence.

The man sitting at that desk was no longer a man; it was a machine, moved by buzzing wheels and uncoiling springs.

“Well – what is it? Anything?” asked Maxwell sharply.

“Nothing,” answered the stenographer, moving away with a little smile.

This day was Harvey Maxwell’s busy day. Messenger boys ran in and out with messages and telegrams. Maxwell himself jumped from desk to door sweating. On the Exchange there were hurricanes and snowstorms and volcanoes, and those powerful disturbances were reproduced in miniature in Maxwell’s office. The rush and pace of business grew faster and fiercer. Share prices were falling and orders to sell them were coming and going and the man was working like some strong machine. Here was a world of finance, and there was no room in it for the human world or the world of nature.

When the luncheon hour came, Maxwell stood by his desk with a fountain pen over his right ear. His window was open. And through the window came a delicate, sweet smell of lilac that fixed the broker for a moment immovable. For this odour belonged to Miss Leslie; it was her own, and hers only. She was in the next room – twenty steps away.

“By George, I’ll do it now,” said Maxwell half aloud. “ I’ll ask her now. I wonder why I didn’t do it long ago.” He dashed into the inner office and charged upon the desk of the stenographer. She looked at him with a smile.

“Miss Leslie,” he began hurriedly, “I have but a moment to spare. I want to say something in that moment. Will you be my wife? I haven’t had time to approach you in the ordinary way, but I really do love you.”

“Oh, what are you talking about?” exclaimed the young lady. She rose to her feet and gazed upon him, round-eyed.

“Don’t you understand?” said Maxwell. “I want you to marry me. I love you, Miss Leslie. I wanted to tell you, and I snatched a minute. They are calling me for the phone now. Tell them to wait a minute, Pitcher. Won’t you, Miss Leslie?”

The stenographer acted very strangely. She seemed overcome with amazement; then tears flowed from her wondering eyes; and then she smiled sunnily through them.

“I know now,” she said softly. “It is this old business that has driven everything else out of your head for the time. I was frightened at first. Don’t you remember, Harvey? We were married last evening at 8 o’clock in the Little Church Around the Corner.”

1. Harvey Maxwell was

A) a stenographer.

B) a clerk.

C) Pitcher’s boss.

D) Pitcher’s partner.

2. Pitcher was mildly interested and surprised because

A) Miss Leslie moved decidedly to Maxwell’s desk.

B) Miss Leslie arrived with Maxwell.

C) Maxwell came late at half past ten.

D) Maxwell looked irresolute that morning.

3. It was Harvey Maxwell’s hard day because

A) he had no one to help him.

B) all messenger boys had gone.

C) the weather was hot.

D) the Exchange was a busy place.

4. ‘On the Exchange there were hurricanes and snowstorms and volcanoes’ means

A) the Exchange was about to be destroyed.

B) the financial situation was difficult.

C) natural disasters often happened in that area.

D) those were powerful disturbances of nature.

5. Maxwell dashed into the inner office at lunch time because

A) he liked the lilac smell.

B) the smell reminded him of Miss Leslie.

C) Pitcher called him for a phone call.

D) he needed to send a message.

6. Harvey Maxwell made a proposal between phone calls because he

A) was rather pressed for time.

B) used to make business proposals in such a way.

C) always acted very strangely.

D) was afraid Miss Leslie would leave him.

7. Miss Leslie was astonished by the proposal because

A) she had never heard anyone make it in such a way.

B) she had never expected it from Harvey Maxwell.

C) she had married the man the day before.

D) it came too quickly and without warning.

Задание 4.

Прочитайте отрывок из романа и выполните задания 1 – 7, выбирая букву A, B, C или D. Установите соответствие номера задания выбранному вами варианту ответа.

The London Marathon celebrates its 23rd birthday. That is 23 years of stresses and strains, blisters and sore bits, and incredible tales. Somehow, yours truly has managed to run four of them. And I have medals to prove it. It seemed like a good idea at the time. I watched the inaugural London Marathon on March 29th, 1981. It seemed extraordinary that normal people would want to run 26 miles and 385 yards. And, it must be said, they looked strange and not quite steady at the end of it all. There are, indeed, terrible tales of people losing consciousness by the time they reach that glorious finishing line. But I was captivated. I knew I had to do it.

Three years later I was living in London, not far from Greenwich where the event begins, and it seemed the perfect opportunity to give it a go. I was only a short train ride from the starting line, but more than 26 miles from the finish. “Who cares?” I thought. By the end I did. The moment I crossed that finishing line, and had that medal placed around my neck, was one of the finest in my life. The sense of achievement was immense. It was a mad thing to do, and ultimately pointless. But knowing that I’d run a Marathon – that most historic of all distant races – felt incredible.

London provides one of the easiest of all the officially sanctioned marathons because most of it is flat. Yes, there are the cobblestones while running through the Tower of London, and there are the quiet patches where crowds are thin and you are crying out for some encouragement – those things matter to the alleged “fun” runners like myself, the serious runners don’t think of such things.

This year London will attract unprecedented number of athletes, a lot of title holders among them. It is set to witness what is probably the greatest field ever for a marathon. In the men’s race, for example, among numerous applicants there’s the holder of the world’s best time, Khalid Khannouchi of the USA; the defending champion El Mouriz of Morocco; Ethiopia’s Olympic bronze-medallist Tesfaye Tola. And, making his marathon debut, is one of the finest long distance runners of all time Haile Gebrselassie.

Since 1981, almost half a million people have completed the London Marathon, raising more than $125 million for charity. For the majority of the runners, this is what it is all about. It is for charity, for fun, for self-development. It is a wonderful day. I have run it with poor training, with proper training. And I have always loved it.

It’s crazy, and it’s one of the greatest things I’ve ever done. If you want to feel as though you’ve achieved something, run a marathon.

1. Participation in the London Marathon resulted for the author in

A) stresses and strains.

B) blisters and sore bits.

C) memorable medals.

D) incredible tales.

2. When the author watched the end of the first marathon he saw people who were

A) extraordinary steady.

B) feeling weak and exhausted.

C) losing consciousness.

D) having a glorious time.

3. The reason for the author’s participation in the marathon was the fact that he

A) was fascinated by it.

B) lived not far from its finishing line.

C) wanted to receive a medal.

D) wanted to do something incredible.

4. “By the end I did” means that the author

A) found the distance suitable.

B) found the distance challenging.

C) decided to take part in the marathon.

D) eventually took a train to the finish.

5. According to the author, the London Marathon is one of the easiest because

A) it goes through the Tower of London.

B) there are quiet patches without crowds.

C) many “fun” runners participate in it.

D) its course does not slope up or down.

6. “… the greatest field ever for a marathon” means that the marathon

A) will take place on a big field.

B) is to be run by the famous runners only.

C) will be witnessed by more people.

D) will welcome a huge number of sportsmen.

7. According to the author, one should run the London Marathon to

A) raise money for charity.

B) get some training.

C) feel self-fulfillment.

D) have fun in a crazy way.

Ответы к заданиям

1. 1-A, 2-C, 3-B, 4-D, 5-A
2. 1-B; 2-C; 3-A; 4-D; 5-D; 6-B; 7-A
3. 1-C; 2-B; 3-D; 4-B; 5-B; 6-A; 7-C
4. 1-C; 2-B; 3-A; 4-B; 5-D; 6-D; 7-C

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В данной работе
представлены материалы о структуре, стратегиях выполнения, критериях оценки,
подсчета слов в частях «Письмо» и «Говорение» в ЕГЭ по английскому языку в
новом формате. Также автором предлагаются таблица типовых вводных слов, образцы
и шаблоны устного и письменного ответа, задания для письма и эссе с сайта
фипи. 

С помощью нашего
пособия, рассчитанного на учителей английского языка, которые занимаются
подготовкой учащихся к ЕГЭ, а также учащихся, занимающихся подготовкой к
экзамену самостоятельно, вы познакомитесь со структурой разделов «Письмо» и
«Говорение» и их особенностях. Вы получите информацию об основных стратегиях
выполнения заданий. Пособие содержит таблицы с вводными словами, критериями
оценки. Даются типовые образцы письма и эссе, описания картинки и сравнение
картинок в устном ответе, стилю написания эссе, пунктуации и орфографии. Также
автор предлагает задания для письма и эссе с сайта фипи.

При создании
пособия были использованы материалы обучающих сайтов в интернете, материалы ЕГЭ
и созданные автором таблицы, образцы ответов по устной и письменной частям,
упражнения на развитие умений письма..

Актуальность

С
2003 года в нашей стране произошел переход к новой форме экзамена по
английскому языку — ЕГЭ. Экзамен состоит из пяти частей: аудирование, чтение,
лексика и грамматика, письмо и говорение. Каждая из частей имеет свои трудности
и особенности. Нами ранее были написаны работы по подготовке к лексике и
грамматике. Но анализ выполнения моими учениками ЕГЭ показывает, что при выполнении
частей «Письмо» и «Говорение» возникают различные затруднения, связанные с
появлением все новых требований.

Изучив учебные пособия по
английскому языку в старших классах,  а именно линию «Старлайт» мы обнаружили,
что они содержат недостаточное количество  упражнений на развитие умений
письма, а именно личного письма и эссе – выражение своего мнения. Некоторые
упражнения отвлекают от требуемых форм. А по заданию «Говорение» в новой форме
(введенной в 2015 году) заданий и образцов практически нет. В интернете
существует огромное количество сайтов и блогов, предлагающих подготовку по этим
двум разделам. Но зачастую эти задания составлены некомпетентными людьми, что
вводит учеников в заблуждение. Таким образом, возникла необходимость
подготовить пособие для подготовки к выполнению частей «Письмо» и «Говорение»,
где предложены нужные образцы и фразы для выполнения этих заданий.

Проблема

Анализ
имеющихся по данной проблематике материалов показывает, что на данный момент
ощущается недостаток тренировочных материалов для развития умений письма и
говорения для выполнения ЕГЭ в новой форме. В связи с этим очевидно, что
необходима разработка и формирование такого тренировочного  инструментария,
который можно было бы использовать в процессе обучения в средней и старшей
школе.

Объект
– экзамен
по английскому языку в форме ЕГЭ, предмет – разделы «Письмо» и
«Говорение».

Цель
–
систематизировать необходимый теоретический материал и создать образцы ответов
по разделам «Письмо» и «Говорение»  ЕГЭ по английскому языку.

Задачи

1.
Изучить литературу по данному вопросу;

2.
Систематизировать теоретический материал по частям «Письмо» и «Говорение»;

3.
Создать образцы ответов по частям «Письмо» и «Говорение»;

3.
Провести апробирование и диагностику полученных данных.

Ожидаемые
результаты

1.
Владение учителем системой понятий по данной теме.

2.
Создание учителем теоретического материала и образцов ответов.

3.
Владение учителем диагностическим инструментарием, способствующим формированию
умений письма и говорения у учащихся для выполнения частей «Письмо» и
«Говорение» в формате ЕГЭ.

Подготовка к ЕГЭ
по английскому языку.

Письмо и
говорение.

Содержание

Глава 1.
Характеристика раздела “Устная часть”

Глава 2. Стратегии
выполнения раздела “Устная часть”

2.1. Чтение текста
вслух.

2.2. Диалогическое
высказывание(вопросы).

2.3. Описание
одной фотографии из трех.

2.4. Сравнение
двух фотографий.

Глава 3.
Характеристика раздела “Письмо”

Глава 4. Стратегии
выполнения раздела “Письмо”

4.1. Написание
личного письма.

4.2. Написание эссе-свое
мнение.

Список источников

Приложение

Глава 1. Характеристика раздела «Устная
часть»

В разделе «Устная
часть» в качестве объектов контроля выделяются знание языковых единиц и
навыки их употребления в коммуникативно-значимом контексте. Раздел представлен
четырьмя заданиями, за
которые ученик набирает 20 баллов.

1.      Задание С3
базового уровня сложности – чтение фрагмента информационного или
научно-популярного, стилистически нейтрального текста.

2.      Задание С4
базового уровня сложности – диалог-расспрос с опорой на вербальную ситуацию и
фотографию.

3.      Задание С5
базового уровня сложности – тематическое монологическое высказывание с опорой
на предложенный план и фотографию.

4.     
Задание С6 высокого уровня слож­ности — создание монологического
тематического высказывания с эле­ментами сопоставления и сравнения, с опорой на
вербальную ситуацию и фотографию (сравнение двух фотогра­фий).

Критерии оценки каждого задания

Задание 3,
4

Описание фото или сравнение двух фото

При 
получении 0 баллов по первому критерию ставится 0 баллов за все задание.

       Давайте проанализируем, какие умения и навыки
контролирует каждое задание. В задании С3 проверяются навыки техники чтения,
умение понимать содержание текста и правильное оформление фонетической стороны
речи – интонация, произношение, ударение, беглость речи. На первый взгляд, это
простое задание, но анализ международных экзаменов показывает, что подобные
задания присутствуют в них.

       В
задании С4 проверяются умения задавать вопросы, обращаться за разъяснениями,
употреблять средства диалогической речи, то есть правильно вести диалог.

       В
заданиях С5 и С6 контролируются умения монолога, построения высказывания в
заданном объеме в соответствии с поставленной коммуникативной задачей в
различных ситуациях социально-бытовой, социально-культурной и
социально-трудовой сферах общения. Проверяются умения логично строить
высказывания, использовать стратегии описания, сообщения, рассуждения,
правильно употреблять языковые средства монолога. 

Глава 2.
Стратегии выполнения задания «Говорение»

1.     Чтение текста

Получив
задание, ученик должен внимательно прочитать текст про себя. Затем ему
необходимо выделить смысловые фразы, труднопроизносимые слова. После этого он
должен разметить интонацию предложений. И, наконец, он читает текст шепотом, а
потом вслух, обращая внимание на слитность и беглость речи. Нужно помнить, что
экзаменаторы будут обращать внимание на произношение: долгие и короткие
гласные звуки, шипящие и свистящие звуки; фразовое ударение — оно
никогда не падает на служебные части речи — артикль, предлог, вспомогательные
глаголы; интонацию — вверх при перечислении или вопросе, вниз в конце
предложения.

2.    
 

3.     Диалогическое
высказывание (вопросы)

       Сначала
необходимо прочитать текст задания. Ученик должен обратить внимание на условия
предлагаемой ситуации, план и объем ответа (время). Ему необходимо задавать
только нужные вопросы. Ученик не должен забывать использовать лексику и
грамматику, соответствующую данной ситуации .Очень важно помнить, что вопросы
задаются прямые, а не косвенные. Прямые вопросы начинаются с
вспомогательных глаголов (do, does, did, will, have) или с
вопросительных слов (what, who, whose, where, when, why, how). Например:

Health Centre
invites you. You call to get more information.

 1) address  — What is your
address?

2) how to get there —  How
can I get there?

3) payment —   How much
should I pay for a visit?

4) working hours —  When are
you open? What are your working hours?

5) training programmes  — Do
you have any training programs)

Очень важно задавать вопрос
по существу информации, а не просто, чтобы задать вопрос. Например, вы можете
спросить What is the price? Но цена чего, не понятно. Поэтому такой вопрос может быть не
засчитан.Нужно
спросить: What is the price of the ticket? Также не желательно
задавать однотипные вопросы, например,  Do you have …? Is there…? Лучше задавать разные
вопросы.

3. Описание фотографии

       Ученику
всегда необходимо внимательно читать текст задания. Далее он выделяет элементы
плана, ключевые слова. Когда он готовит ответ, то ему необходимо раскрыть
содержание в нужном объеме каждого пункта плана и логично построить
высказывание. Необходимо продумать лексику и грамматику каждого предложения.
Когда ученик начинает отвечать, он сначала должен представить тему. При ответе
на вопрос «почему» ученик должен дать свои аргументы. Он должен помнить, что не
нужно давать избыточную информацию, не предусмотренную заданием. На каждый
пункт плана необходимо сказать не менее трех предложений. Во всем описании
нужно употребить не менее трех вводных слов.

Образец описания
фотографии

These are photos
from your album. Choose one photo to describe to your friend.

You will have to
start speaking in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes. In
your talk remember to speak about:

1.when and where the
photo was taken

2. what/who is in the
photo

3. what is happening

4. why you took this
photo

5. why you decided to
show the picture to your friend

You have to talk
continuously, starting with: I’ve chosen photo number … .

I have chosen
photo number 3.

1. Last summer
holidays were wonderful. I took a lot of photos and now I’d like to show you
one of the photos. It’s great! (Эти стандартные фразы можно выучить)

2. Well, I
took this photo when I was on holidays in a nice Russian town. My granny lives
there. Well, I usually spend my summer holidays there. (Тоже выучить)

3. The weather was
excellent that day. I took this photo in the park. In the picture you can see
two girls. They are my friends. They are very young and beautiful.As you
see, they are sitting on the bench. They are talking.

4. So you
see why I took this photo. First of all, the day was wonderful. Secondly,
the girls were so lovely. At last, I had a new camera and I decided to try
it.

5.I decided to show
this picture to you as, I am sure, you will share this positive moment with me.
I know that you are having some problems now, so maybe this picture will
improve your mood. Cheer up and enjoy your life, it’s wonderful. (Выучить)

6.  Well, that’s
all for now. I am looking forward to your reaction.

4. Cравнение
двух фотографий

Ученику
предлагается две фотографии, объединённые общей темой.  По четвёртому пункту
плана всегда точно можно понять, какая тема предложена.

Необходимо 
кратко описать обе фотографии, найти сходства и различия, сформулировать свои
предпочтения и объяснить их. На подготовку дается 1,5 минуты, затем ещё 2
минуты на запись высказывания. В плане обычно пять пунктов. Предполагается, что
в среднем ученик должен сказать по три предложения на каждый из пяти пунктов в
течение двух минут. Важно продумать также вступительные и заключительные фразы высказывания.

Необходимо избегать
длинных пауз и говорить связно.

Образец сравнения
картинок

Study the two
photographs. In 1.5 minutes be ready to compare and contrast the photographs:

1.give a brief description of the photos
(action, location)

2.say what the pictures have in common

3.say in what way the pictures are different

4.say which type of work presented in the
pictures you’d prefer, explain why

You will speak
for not more than 2 minutes. You have to talk continuously.

I’d like to
compare and contrast these two photographs. They show different types of work.

1. In the first
picture I can see people in the office. They are discussing something. They
are happy.
The second picture shows a woman taking care of the animals. She is
concentrated on her work.

2. On the one
hand, the pictures have a lot in common. The pictures show two jobs which
people can do to earn their living. Both office workers and a vet have
to be hard-working in order to succeed. They work long hours, and we can’t see
the results of their work immediately. It takes time for them to become
successful.

3. On the other
hand, in some ways the photos are really different. Firstly, office workers
spend many hours indoors and vets work outside.. Secondly, businessmen 
have to work on computer and make projects. Their work is very stressful but well-paid. As for vets, they work
with animals and have flexible schedule.Their job is not so stressful and they
are not paid much.

4. I’d prefer
to work in the office. This
job really attracts me in various aspects.

5. First of all,
I
think office workers earn lots of money and their job is very exciting. What’s
more, they get to meet many interesting people. Finally, they have a
chance to travel on business.

6. Well, that’s
all for now.
I have tried to show the similarities and the differences of these two
pictures.

Глава 3. Характеристика
раздела «Письмо» и критерии оценки

       Раздел
включает в себя два задания — написание личного письма и письменное
высказывание с элементами рассуждения. Время выполнения 60 минут.

Критерии оценки
личного письма

Критерии оценки
эссе

При получении
экзаменуемым 0 баллов по критерию «Решение коммуникативной задачи» всё задание
оценивается в 0 баллов.

Порядок
определения процента текстуальных совпадений в задании С2

При
оценивании задания С2 особое внимание уделяется способности экзаменуемого
продуцировать развёрнутое письменное высказывание. Если более 30% ответа имеет
непродуктивный характер (то есть текстуально совпадает с опубликованным
источником или другими экзаменационными работами), то выставляется 0 баллов по
критерию «Решение коммуникативной задачи», и, соответственно, всё задание оценивается
в 0 баллов. Текстуальным совпадением считается дословное совпадение отрезка
письменной речи длиной 10 слов и более. Выявленные текстуальные совпадения
суммируются, и при превышении ими 30% от общего числа слов в ответе, работа
оценивается в 0 баллов.

Порядок
подсчета слов в заданиях раздела «Письмо»

При оценивании
заданий раздела «Письмо» (С1–С2) следует учитывать такой параметр, как объём
письменного текста, выраженный в количестве слов. Требуемый объём для личного
письма в задании С1 – 100–140 слов; для развёрнутого письменного высказывания в
задании С2 – 200–250 слов. Допустимое отклонение от заданного объёма составляет
10%. Если в выполненном задании С1 менее 90 слов или в задании С2 менее 180
слов, то задание проверке не подлежит и оценивается в 0 баллов. При превышении
объёма более чем на 10%, то есть если в выполненном задании С1 более 154 слов
или в задании С2 более 275 слов, проверке подлежит только та часть работы,
которая соответствует требуемому объёму. Таким образом, при проверке задания С1
отсчитывается от начала работы 140 слов, задания С2 – 250 слов, и оценивается
только эта часть работы.

При
определении соответствия объёма представленной работы вышеуказанным требованиям
считаются все слова, начиная с первого слова по последнее, включая
вспомогательные глаголы, предлоги, артикли, частицы. В личном письме адрес,
дата, подпись также подлежат подсчету.

При этом:

− стяжённые
(краткие) формы can‘t, didn‘t, isn‘t, I‘m и тому
подобное считаются как одно слово;

− числительные,
выраженные цифрами, то есть 1; 25; 2009, 126204 считаются как одно слово;

− числительные,
выраженные словами, считаются как слова;

− сложные слова,
такие как good-looking, well-bred, English-speaking,

twenty—five, считаются
как одно слово;

− сокращения,
например USA, e—mail, TV, CD—rom, считаются
как одно слово.

Глава 4.
Стратегии выполнения части “Письмо”

4.1.
Написание личного письма

Личное письмо представляет собой
ответ на присланный отрывок письма зарубежного друга:

«I
hope you liked my New Year card. Where and how did you celebrate New Year this
time? What was the weather like? What is your secret wish for the coming year?
As for my news, I have been to the concert. »

 И задание
к письму: напишите письмо Энн, ответьте на ее вопросы, задайте три вопроса про
концерт, напишите 100-140 слов, соблюдайте правила написания письма.

Что
же нужно сделать ученику?

1. Правильно
оформить письмо: в правом верхнем углу написать краткий адрес, дату написания
письма.                                                          Kirov

                                                                        
 Russia

                                                                      
06/06/2018                                                                            

2. Отступив
строку, в левом углу написать личное обращение « Dear Ann,». Затем,
отступив строку начать писать первый абзац. В нем мы: 1) благодарим за письмо,
2) ссылаемся на предыдущие контакты, 3) извиняемся за задержку с ответом.

Thank
you for your letter. I am always happy to get them. Sorry for not writing
earlier.

2. Во втором
абзаце отвечаем на вопросы. Абзац нужно начать с вводного слова,
соответствующего полуформальному стилю: Well, you know, now, then, as you see, because, so, as for me.

3. Well, I really
liked your post-card.  As for me, I celebrated New Year at home with my family.
I am sure, this is a family holiday. We cooked a lot of tasty things, put up a
New Year tree and had a lot of fun.

4. В третьем абзаце задаем вопросы по
ситуации. Здесь очень важно задавать вопросы по указанной теме, иначе вопросы
не зачтут. Например, I have been to the concert: Задайте
три вопроса о концерте.

Your
news is great. What kind of concert was it? What music did they play? Did you enjoy the concert?

Обратите
внимание, что очень важно правильно задать вопросы, они должны быть по сути
ситуации и в том же времени. Например: My mum has joined the club.

5.  В четвертом абзаце объясняем, что нужно
заканчивать письмо и надеемся на дальнейший ответ.

Sorry,
I have to finish now. I must prepare for my exams. Write me back. I will be
waiting for your letter.

3.
Далее идет прощальная фраза «Yours, with love, with best wishes, best
wishes, love» и ниже имя пишущего без точки.

4.
Необходимо отметить, что стиль письма личный, поэтому рекомендуются линкеры: and, but, also, so, then, well, or, because, you know. Нельзя
использовать линкеры для эссе, так как в эссе нейтральный стиль. Будет ошибка в
стилевом оформлении. В целом, в письме должно быть не менее 3-х линкеров.

Образец
письма:                                                 Kirov

                                                              
Russia                                

                   
                                        06/06/2018

Dear
Ann,

Thank
you for your letter. I am always happy to get them. Sorry for not writing
earlier.

Well,
I really liked your post-card.  As for me, I celebrated New Year at home with
my family. I am sure, this is a family holiday. We cooked a lot of tasty
things, put up a New Year tree and had a lot of fun.

Your
news is great. What kind of concert was it? What music did they play? Where was
the concert?

Sorry,
I have to finish now. I must prepare for my exams. Write me back. I will be
waiting for your letter.

Yours,

Mary
( 112 words)

4.2 Написание
эссе-собственное мнение

Вот типовое задание для написания эссе:

• Comment on the following statement:

In order to get a good education one
should go abroad.

What is your
opinion? Write 200–250 words. Use the following plan:

− make an
introduction (state the problem)

− express
your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion

− express an
opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing opinion

− explain
why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion

− make a
conclusion restating your position

Значит, мы
пишем эссе-выражение своего мнения, которое состоит из 5 абзацев в соответствии
с предложенным планом.

1.       
Вступление. Здесь вы должны перефразировать тему и показать ее
противоречие. Например, задание «In
order to get good education one should go abroad” можно
переформулировать так: “Nowadays, the problem of studying abroad
causes great argument and controversy”. Показываем ее противоречие: Some people think that one can get a better education only
in another country, others believe that it is possible to study at home.

2.       
Выражение собственного мнения. В
данном абзаце необходимо тезисно отразить ваше личное отношение к данной
проблеме и подкрепить его 2-3 развернутыми аргументами. Важно, чтобы доводы
были убедительными, ёмкими и логичными. Аргументы вводятся с помощью
универсальных слов-связок и фраз. Абзац начинается с утверждения своего мнения.
Затем идут 2-3 аргумента с примерами. In my
opinion, studying abroad is more interesting because you can get useful
experience. To begin with, one can become more independent and responsible.
Moreover, it gives him a chance to learn more about the culture of the other
country and improve his language skills. Additionally, it is a splendid
opportunity to make new friends.

3.       
Выражение противоположного мнения.
Третий абзац эссе должен содержать точку зрения оппонента. Этот тезис также
необходимо подкрепить 1-2 аргументами. Важно, чтобы аргументов у оппонента было
на 1 меньше (т.е., если во 2-м абзаце у вас три аргумента, в 3-м должно быть
два), потому что наша цель – доказать собственную правоту. However,
there exists another point of view on this issue. First of all it is very
expensive to study abroad. Moreover, one should not ignore the fact that,
children have to adapt to many things, thus, it can be stressful for them.

4.       
Несогласие с мнением оппонентов.
Здесь следует опровергнуть мнение оппонента, выразить свое несогласие и
подкрепить его 1-2 контраргументами. Помните, что вы приводите
контраргументы к доводам оппонента, их количество должно быть одинаковым (2
аргумента оппонента = 2 ваших контраргумента).Despite my respect for
this opinion, I cannot share it because there are a lot of exchange programmes
which are funded by government, therefore, students can study abroad for free.
Besides, a person should learn to cope with stress if he or she would like to
go the university to broaden his mind.

5.       
Заключение. В последнем абзаце нужно еще
раз дать свое мнение, но другими словами. А также показать, что есть разные
точки зрения на эту проблему. Нельзя писать, что каждый решает сам, что
выбрать. In conclusion, I would like to say that the problem of 
studying abroad has different points of view. I still believe that getting
education abroad has a lot of advantages.

Готовое
эссе: In order to get good education one should go abroad”

Nowadays, the problem of studying abroad causes
great argument and controversy.  Some
people think that one can get a better education only in another country,
others believe that it is possible to study at home.

In my
opinion, studying abroad is more interesting because you can get useful
experience. To begin with, one can become more independent and responsible.
Moreover, it gives him a chance to learn more about the culture of the other
country and improve his language skills. Additionally, it is a splendid
opportunity to make new friends.

However, there exists another
point of view on this issue. First of all it is very expensive to study abroad.
Moreover, one should not ignore the fact that, children have to adapt to many
things, thus, it can be stressful for them.

Despite my respect for this
opinion, I cannot share it because there are a lot of exchange programmes which
are funded by government, therefore, students can study abroad for free.
Besides, a person should learn to cope with stress if he or she would like to
go the university to broaden his mind.

In conclusion, I would like to
say that the problem of studying abroad has different points of view. I
still believe that getting education abroad has a lot of advantages.

При работе над написанием эссе нужно разработать черновую таблицу
с аргументами “за” и “против”.

Например:
тема  “Love is the most important thing in life”

Представив
общий план своего эссе, необходимо подобрать необходимые линкеры или вводные
слова. В эссе их должно быть не меньше пяти (в личном письме не менее трех).
Далее предлагается таблица с линкерами.

Таблица
с линкерами для каждого абзаца

2.2. Стиль
написания эссе

Стиль эссе – нейтральный. Это не личный стиль личного письма. Он
имеет определенные черты.

4.     
Ограничения в выборе словаря – не допускаются разговорные,
фамильярные, вульгарные, сленговые слова (you know).

5.     
Не допускаются сокращенные грамматические формы ( I’m,
don’t), аббревиатуры  (ad, exam,
UK, OK), символы (%, @, $), цифры (2, 2016) писать нужно словами – percent,
two, dollars.

6.     
Необходимо употреблять правильные грамматические структуры,  
говорить от третьего лица, использовать пассивные структуры, избегать
использования слова «я». Должно быть логическое построение текста, когда
последующее предложение продолжает мысль предыдущего.

2.3.
Пунктуация

В
эссе очень большое значение приобретает понятие расстановки знаков препинания.

Не ставится
запятая (в отличие от русского языка)

but

Выделение вводных
слов запятой

2.4. Орфография

3. Упражнения на
развитие умений письма

3.1.
Подберите синонимы  к словам в левом столбике, в правом даны варианты ответа:

3.2.
Перефразируйте следующие темы эссе

3.3. Дайте три
аргумента «за»  и два  «против»

Шаблон эссе по английскому языку

Nowadays, the problem
of …is widely discussed. Some people believe that … while others think … 
.

In my opinion, … . To
begin with, … . What is more, … . Additionally,…  .

However, there exists
another point of view on this issue. First of all, … . Besides, … .

Despite my respect for
this opinion, I cannot share it because… . … .

In conclusion,  I
would like to say that the problem is complicated and has different opinions. I
still believe that …  .

Источники:

1.         
Портал информационной поддержки Единого
государственного экзамена- Режим доступа: http://www.ege.edu.ru/

2.         
Интернет-ресурс: http://www.fipi.ru

3.         
Интернет-ресурс: http://www.prosv.ru —  сайт
издательства «Просвещение»       (рубрика «Иностранные языки»)

4.       
 http:/www.drofa.ru  —  сайт издательства Дрофа (рубрика
«Иностранные языки»)

5.       
 http://www.center.fio.ru/som — методические
рекомендации учителю- предметнику (представлены все школьные предметы). Материалы
для самостоятельной разработки профильных проб и активизации процесса обучения
в старшей школе.

6.       
 http://www.edu.ru — Центральный
образовательный портал, содержит нормативные документы Министерства, стандарты,
информацию о проведение экзамена.

7.       
 Интернет сайт http://www.internet—scool.ru – школы издательства Просвещение.

8.       
Учебник В.Эванс, Д.Дули Английский язык.
Учебник «Старлайт» для 10-го класса общеобразовательных учреждений и школ с
углубленным изучением английского языка. Москва, Просвещение, 2016 г.

9.       
Учебник В.Эванс, Д.Дули Английский язык.
Учебник «Старлайт» для 11-го класса общеобразовательных учреждений и школ с
углубленным изучением английского языка. Москва, Просвещение, 2016 г.

10.   
Мишин
А.В.  Эффективные приёмы подготовки учащихся 11 классов к сдаче устной части
ЕГЭ по английскому языку на примере нового пособия «Английский язык. Единый
государственный экзамен. Устная часть». Москва, Просвещение, 2015г.

11.    Мусихина
Е.В. Система подготовки к выполнению устной части ЕГЭ по английскому языку в
новой форме [Текст]/Е.В.Мусихина  
Кирово-Чепецк: Издательство гимназии №1 г.Кирово-Чепецка, 2015. – 32 с.

12.    Мусихина
Е.В. Система подготовки к выполнению письменной части ЕГЭ по английскому языку
в новой форме [Текст]/Е.В.Мусихина  
Кирово-Чепецк: Издательство гимназии №1 г.Кирово-Чепецка, 2017. – 35 с.

Приложение

Topics for essay
fipi 2019

1.      Some
people think that to get good education one should go abroad.

2.     
Some
people think that leaning a foreign language is a waste of time and money.

3.     
Exams
motivate students to study better.

4.     
Distance
learning is the best form of education.

5.     
A
pupil cannot study effectively without a computer.

6.     
Some
people think that one should have only one true friend.

7.     
The
best time is that spent with family and friends.

8.     
Friendship
is the greatest gift in life.

9.     
Digital
literacy is the key to success in any occupation.

10. 
Virtual
internet communication results in losing real life social skills.

11. 
 The
internet is the greatest time waster.

12. 
 Computers
cannot replace people.

13. 
 The
internet is the biggest evil of our time.

14. 
 Some
people think that young people should follow in their parents’ footsteps when
choosing a career.

15. 
 In
any occupation discipline is more important than the talent.

16. 
 There
are no men’s or women’s professions.

17. 
 Everybody
will like to work from home.

18. 
 An
early choice of career path is the key to success.

19. 
 Public
libraries are becoming less popular and will soon disappear.

20. 
 One
should read about historical sights before sightseeing.

21. 
 Space
exploration was the greatest achievement of the 20-th century.

22. 
 Science
is the first thing to be financed.

23. 
 Sports
help people to fight stress.

24. 
 Sports
unite people.

25. 
 Playing
sports is better than watching it.

26. 
 There
are more cons than pros in living in the city.

27. 
 It
is not right to be strict with little children.

28. 
 Fast
food outlets should be closed.

29. 
 Every
city and town should have a zoo.

30. 
 It
is government’s responsibility to protect the environment.

31. 
 Clothes
people are wearing can influence their behavior.

32. 
 Show
me your room and will tell you who you are.

33. 
 A
person who is fluent in a foreign language can easily work as an interpreter.

34.   The
best holidays and festivals are those with special traditions.

Letters

1.       
Last
summer my parents and I went hiking to the mountains. We spent the whole week
together and enjoyed it very much. How often do you take active holidays? Who
do you think is the best company for you? What extreme sports would you like to
try, if any, and why? Last month our English class got an interesting project.
We wrote a paper about interesting events in the past of our country … 

Write a letter to Tom. In your
letter:  answer his questions; ask 3 questions about his
project paper

2. … In our city we have an annual competition for teenagers who
make their own short films. This year I got the second prize for a film about
my grandparents. Do you think it’s important to record family history? Who do
you think should do it? How can it be done best? This month is my mom’s birthday
and now I am thinking about a gift for her. I want it to be very special… 

Write a letter to Tom. In your
letter:  answer his questions;   ask 3
questions about his mom

3.  I have just returned from our school volleyball
competition. I played for my class team and we won! What sport competitions are
held in your school, if any? How can you become a member of your school sport
team? Is it an easy thing to do? What kind of sport sections can you attend at
school or in town? Oh, I have some more good news! My sister had a great
birthday party yesterday!

Write a letter to Jane. In
your letter:  answer her questions; ask 3 questions about
her sister’s birthday party

4. Yesterday my Mum asked me to help her about the house. We were
very busy with cleaning up after the birthday party the whole morning. I got
quite tired and even missed my fitness class. What are your family duties, if
any? Is there anything you especially like or dislike about house work? Do you
find helping your parents necessary, why or why not? Oh, I have some great
news! I got a lovely kitten for my birthday…

Write a letter to Jane. In
your letter: answer her questions; ask 3 questions about her kitten

5.
Last month our class went to Washington to visit the National
Museum of American History. It was my first visit there and it was fun! How
often do you go to museums with your class, if at all? Which museum is your
favourite or what museum would you like to visit? Why do you think people
should go there? This summer we plan to go hiking with my parents.

Write a letter to Tom. In your
letter: answer his questions; ask 3 questions about his
summer plans

Write a letter to Tom. In your letter:
answer his questions; ask 3 questions about his trip to Greece

Write
a letter to John. In your letter: answer his questions; ask 3 questions about
his hiking plans

Write
a letter to Robert. In your letter: answer his questions; ask 3 questions about
the cooking competition

Write
a letter to Nick. In your letter: answer his questions; ask 3 questions about
Nick’s sport club

Write
a letter to Jane. In your letter: answer her questions; ask 3 questions about
her middle brother

11.
 I’ve enrolled to a university in Denver. They have a good business
school. What do you plan to do after school? By the way, what’s your graduation
party going to be like? What are you going to wear? …My younger sister has
started taking swimming lessons …

Write
a letter to Jack. In your letter: answer his questions; ask 3
questions about his sister

12. …
I know you had your birthday yesterday. Where and how did you celebrate it this
year? What presents did you get and which of them did you like most? How do you
plan to share photos from the party, if at all? Oh, by the way, my elder sister
has moved to New York …

Write
a letter to Nancy. In your letter: answer her questions; ask 3
questions about her sister’s new accommodation

13.
 I wish I could have gone to Sochi for the Winter Olympics. It seemed to
be such an exciting sports festival! What kind of international event would you
like to visit and why? What sports are you fond of and do you play them
yourself? What’s your PE class at school like, and how do you like it? Oh, yes.
I got a wonderful book as a birthday present…

Write
a letter to Jerry. In your letter: answer his questions; ask 3
questions about his new book

14.  I hope
you liked my New Year card. Where and how did you celebrate New year this time?
What was the weather like? What’s your secret wish or at least hopes and
expectations for the coming year? I’ve redecorated my room and it looks much
nicer now …

Write
a letter to Nancy. In your letter: answer her questions; ask 3
questions about the way her room looks now

15.
 I know you went to a museum with your class last week. How far was it
from your school and how did you get there? What kind of a museum was it? Would
you like to go there again, why? We have two new classmates. They have just
moved to our town …

Write
a letter to Mary. In your letter: answer her questions; ask 3
questions about her new classmates

16. I
never eat breakfast, just like my mother. Do you have any special eating habits
and what are they? What do you usually have for lunch at school? Can you give
me the recipe of the dish you often cook yourself?   Last Saturday
our family went to the zoo …

Write
a letter to Mary. In your letter: answer her questions; ask 3
questions about the zoo

17.
 When I forget to take an umbrella in summer, it always rains. What’s the
weather like in summer where you live? What do you usually do when it rains?
How do you protect yourself from bad weather?    I bought new shoes
two days ago, but now I think I should take them back to the store …

 Write
a letter to Joan. In your letter: answer her questions; ask 3
questions about her new shoes

18. …
We had an awful summer this year. What was the weather like in the place where
you spent your summer this year? What do you do on rainy days in summer? What
is your favourite season and why?   Our history class this year is just
fantastic! …

 Write
a letter to Cyril. In your letter: answer his questions; ask 3 questions about
his history class

19.
 My younger brother makes unbelievable things with his LEGO blocks. What
kind of toys did you play with when you were young? What amazes you most in
young kids today? How do you and your friends get along with younger brothers
and sisters?    I had a wonderful trip to Florida …

 Write
a letter to Pete. In your letter: answer his questions; ask 3
questions about his trip

20.
 My younger brother makes unbelievable things with his LEGO blocks. What
kind of toys did you play with when you were young? What amazes you most in
young kids today? How do you and your friends get along with younger brothers
and sisters?    I had a wonderful trip to Florida … 

Write
a letter to Pete. In your letter: answer his questions; ask 3
questions about his trip

21. …
I know many people in Russia have dachas. Why do people want to have a dacha?
What do they usually do there? How do people usually get there?  
I’ve decided to join our school dancing class … 

Write
a letter to Bob. In your letter: answer his questions; ask 3
questions about the school dancing class

22.  I’ve got new
hobbies – recording birds’ songs and taking pictures of wild life.
What hobby do you have? How much time do you spend on it? What do your parents
and friends think of your hobby?    Hooray! My elder brother promised
to be back home from college on my birthday …

 Write a letter to Mike.
In your letter: answer his questions; ask 3 questions about
his elder brother

23.
 This summer we’ve had two tornadoes. Why do you think some people “hunt”
them, instead of hiding from them? What natural phenomena would you call the
most dangerous for people, and why? Will we ever learn to protect ourselves
from them?    Yesterday I spent the whole evening watching a
basketball game … 

Write
a letter to Jerald. In your letter:answer his questions; ask 3
questions about the basketball game

24.
Thank you for the book about your home city. I love it! How long have your
family lived in this city? What is your favourite place there? Would you like
to move to another city, why or why not?This year I’m planning to have a very
unusual birthday party …

Write
a letter to Molly. In your letter: answer her questions; ask 3
questions about her future birthday party

25.
 Yesterday I saw a film about Robin Hood, and I can say I liked the book
more. Why do you think many people still like stories about Robin Hood? Are
there any books you can read again and again? Where do you get books to read?
I’ve won the school ping-pong tournament …

Write
a letter to Nancy. In your letter: answer her questions; ask 3
questions about the ping-pong tournament

26.
 Yesterday I saw a film about Robin Hood, and I can say I liked the book
more. Why do you think many people still like stories about Robin Hood? Are
there any books you can read again and again? Where do you get books to read?
I’ve won the school ping-pong tournament …

Write
a letter to Nancy. In your letter:  answer her
questions;  ask 3 questions about the ping-pong tournament

27.
 This summer I’m planning to go to a youth sports camp. What sports do you
like to play? Would you like to go to a youth summer camp, why or why not? What
are your plans for the nearest holiday? I almost failed my last test in
history…

Write
a letter to David. In your letter:  answer his questions;  ask 3
questions about his test

28.
 I hate school meals. What kind of food do you get at school for lunch?
How do you like it? What’s your favourite food and can you cook it yourself?
Would you believe it, my elder brother is going to Nepal next month …

Write
a letter to Jack. In your letter: answer his questions; ask 3
questions his brother’s trip to Nepal

29. …
I know you’ve just moved to a new house. How do you like it there? How do you
get to your school now? Why did you decide to move? Just imagine I won the city
contest in Geography last week …

Write
a letter to Nancy. In your letter: answer her questions; ask 3
questions about the city contest in Geography

30.
 My Dad has got a new job. What do your parents do? What kind of job would
you like to have and why? What kind of training do you need for it? I saw a
wonderful film last week …

Write
a letter to Maurette. In your letter:  answer her
questions;  ask 3 questions about the film

 31. I hope
everything is fine at school. What’s your regular school day this year like?
What is your favourite school subject, and why? What afterschool clubs do you
plan to join this year, if any at all? I’ve got a new pet …

Write
a letter to Mary. In your letter: answer her questions; ask her 3
questions about a pet

32.
 Yesterday my mom asked me to look after my little sister and her two
friends. Babysitting is tough, don’t you think so? What do you usually do if
they ask you to look after little kids? Would you like to be the only child in
the family, and why? Oh, I have some great news! I am going to stay with my
cousin in New York for a week …

Write
a letter to Molly. In your letter: answer her questions; ask 3
questions about her cousin

33. I know it’s often cold in
Russia in winter. What do you usually do not to catch a cold? What is a healthy
lifestyle for you? How can you catch up with the class if you do fall ill?
 My cousin is coming to stay with us for Thanksgiving … 

Write a letter to Olivia. In
your letter: answer her questions; ask 3 questions about her
cousin

34. … I went shopping with my parents yesterday. Do you prefer to
shop online or in regular stores? Why do you think many people like to spend
their week-ends in big shopping malls? Do you like to go shopping on your own
or with friends and why?    You know, I celebrated my birthday last
week …

Write a letter to Jane. In
your letter:  answer her questions; ask 3 questions about
her birthday celebration

35. …
All my days, including weekends look almost alike. How do you spend your free
time? Where do you usually go with your friends? What do your parents think
about your friends?     Next week I’m presenting my project in
history …

Write
a letter to Bob. In your letter: answer his questions; ask 3
questions about his project

36. … Yesterday I went to the zoo. What are the benefits of zoos
in your opinion? Do you think there should be a zoo in every city and why? Is
it better to keep wild animals in natural reserves than in cages and why?
    By the way, I’ve taken a dog from a dog shelter…

Write a letter to Susan. In
your letter: answer her questions; ask 3 questions about
the dog

37.  Last week it was my
sister’s turn to go to the grocery store. For three days we had nothing to eat
but frozen vegetables. Yucky. Who and how often buys food in your family? What
kind of food do you usually have at home? What do you think about your local
grocery food stores?  Our teacher is planning a school trip to the
national park … 

Write a letter to Max. In your
letter: answer his questions; ask 3 questions about the
trip 

38. … Our PE teacher is super! He lets us
play different ball games and sports during the lessons. Do you like your PE
classes, and why? What sports and games can you play at school? What
after-class activities are most popular in your school?   Last week
my Dad organized a picnic for all our family …

Write a letter to Dave. In your letter:
answer his questions; ask 3 questions about the family picnic

Приложение 2

Типовые варианты устной части

Variant 1

Task 1. Imagine
that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some
interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to
your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will
not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.

The
London Marathon celebrates its 23^rd birthday. That is 23 years of
stresses and strains, blisters and sore bits, and incredible tales. Somehow,
yours truly has managed to run four of them. And I have medals to prove it. It
seemed like a good idea at the time. I watched the inaugural London Marathon on
March 29^th, 1981. It seemed extraordinary that normal people would
want to run 26 miles and 385 yards. And, it must be said, they looked strange
and not quite steady at the end of it all. There are, indeed, terrible tales of
people losing consciousness by the time they reach that glorious finishing
line. But I was captivated. I knew I had to do it. Three years later I was
living in London, not far from Greenwich where the event begins, and it seemed
the perfect opportunity to give it a go. I was only a short train ride from the
starting line, but more than 26 miles from the finish.

Task 2. Study the headline.

FLYING
SAUCER CAPTURED ON RANCH IN ROSWELL REGION

You want to find more information about
the event. In 1.5  minutes you are to ask five direct questions to find out the
following:

1) date of the event

2) any evidence

3) policemen came

4) any aliens in the saucer

5) if they alive

You
have 20 seconds to ask each question.

Task 3. Imagine that while visiting
your relatives during your holidays you took some

photos. Choose one photo to present to
your friend.

You will have to start speaking in 1.5
minutes and will speak for not more

than 2 minutes. In your talk remember
to speak about:

• •when you took the photo

• •what/who is in the photo

• •what is happening

• •why you took the photo

• •why you decided to show the picture to your friend

You have to talk continuously, starting
with:

I’ve
chosen photo number … .

Task 4. Study the two photographs. In
1.5 minutes be ready to compare and

contrast the photographs:

• give a brief description of the photos (action, location)

• say what the pictures have in common

• say in what way the pictures are different

• say which way of studying presented in the pictures you’d
prefer,  explain why

You
will speak for not more than 2 minutes. You have to talk continuously.

Variant 2

Task 1.  Imagine that you are preparing
a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the
presentation and you want to read thistext to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes
to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not
have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.

Loren first became fascinated by the study
of cryptids or ‘hidden animals’ as a twelve-year-old after seeing a documentary
on Yetis, but his teacher told him that it was all just nonsense. Unconvinced,
he set about finding all there was to know about legendary beasts such as
yetis, lake monsters, giant snakes and

chupacabras. His interest led to a
lifelong passion for monster-hunting and cryptozoology. To date, he has written
over 30 books and has spent countless hours travelling and camping out all over
the American continent and abroad, interviewing witnesses and examining
possible evidence of cryptids’ existence

such as footprints, hair samples,
scratches, audio tapes of screeches, videos and photos. Not surprisingly, Loren
is often the first person TV producers turn to when they want an expert on the
unexplained. He holds a BA in Zoology and Anthropology, an MA in Social Work
and has done post-graduate work in Sociology and Anthropology.

Task 2. Study the advertisement.

London Ghost Bus Tours

Tour includes:

1.     
Stories
about London’s past

2.     
Onboard
entertainment with real actors

Tours run most days at 7.30 pm and 9 pm, departing
from Northumberland Avenue off  Trafalgar Square.

You are considering taking the tour and
now you are calling to find out more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask
five direct questions to find out the following:

1)  the day convenient for you

2) fares for adults

3) if  they make stops

4) number of tourists for one tour

5) discounts

You
have 20 seconds to ask each question.

Task 3. Imagine that while travelling
during your holidays you took some photos. Choose one photo to present to your
friend.

You will have to start speaking in 1.5
minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes. In your talk remember to
speak about:

• •when
you took the photo

• •what/who
is in the photo

• •what
is happening

• •why
you took the photo

• •why
you decided to show the picture to your friend

You have to talk continuously, starting
with: I’ve chosen photo number … .

Task 4. Study the two photographs. In
1.5 minutes be ready to compare and contrast the photographs:

• give
a brief description of the photos (action, location)

• say
what the pictures have in common

• say
in what way the pictures are different

• say
which of the free time activities presented in the pictures you’d prefer

• explain
why

You
will speak for not more than 2 minutes. You have to talk continuously.

Variant
3

Task 1. Imagine
that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some
interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to
your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to
read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.

The
Yuri Rozum International Charity Foundation was created in 2005 to invest in
the musical future of Russia. Since then, it has been awarding scholarships to
children from the ages of 7 to 17 who wish to study music but whose parents
cannot afford school fees. The idea behind the programme is that if a child is
talented they should be given every opportunity to be able to develop their skill.
To select the children who will be given an award, competitions are held every
year in all of Russia’s regions. Children are invited to come and perform before
a jury of judges who decide whether they are worthy of an award or not. Those
who are selected are given financial support to help them with their musical
studies for one year. They can spend this money to buy instruments, pay school
fees or private lessons and for travel and living expenses if they have to live
away from home. At the end of the year judges review the participants’  progress
and if they believe that the child has worked well the scholarship can be
renewed

for
another year.

Task 2. Study the advertisement:

       « New members are wanted for a water sports
club. You name the sport and we offer you instructions and facilities. You will
have the opportunity to do water skiing, scuba diving, wind surfing  with other
enthusiasts at Club Aquarius. Call us for more details. »

You want to
find more information about the club membership. You call to the club and ask
five direct questions to find out the following:

1) membership fee

2) annual or  monthly payment

3) if use of facilities is free

4) other water sports

5) working days

You
have 20 seconds to ask each question.

Task
3. Imagine that while having your holidays you took some photos. Choose one
photo to present to your friend.

You will have to start speaking in 1.5
minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes. In your talk remember to
speak about:

• when you took the photo

• what/who is in the photo

• what is happening

• why you took the photo

• why you decided to show the picture to your friend

You have to talk continuously, starting
with: I’ve chosen photo number … .

Task 4. Study the two photographs. In
1.5 minutes be ready to compare and contrast the photographs:

• give a brief description of the photos (action, location)

• say what the pictures have in common

• say in what way the pictures are different

• say which type of work presented in the pictures you’d prefer,  explain why

You
will speak for not more than 2 minutes. You have to talk continuously.

Пояснение.

Речь идет о факте в прошлом совершенном времени, значит, требуется Past Perfect. Также по смыслу требуется сделать акцент на длительность.

Ответ: had been training ИЛИ had trained.