Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. Perm’s industry
2. City’s cultural life
3. Natural resource as attraction
4. The greatest achievement
5. Traditionally liberal
6. Beneficial location
7. Where the name comes from
8. Too important to be left alone
A. The word “Perm” first appeared in the 12th century in the Primary Chronicle, the main source describing the early history of the Russian people. The Perm were listed among the people who paid tribute to the Rus. The origin of the word “Perm” remains unclear. Most likely, the word came from the Finno-Ugric languages and meant “far land” or “flat, forested place”. But some local residents say it may have come from Per, a hero and the main character of many local legends.
B. Novgorodian traders were the first to show an interest in Perm. Starting from the 15th century, the Muscovite princes included the area in their plans to create a unified Russian state. During this time the first Russian villages appeared in the northern part of the region. The first industry to appear in the area was a salt factory, which developed on the Usolka river in the city of Solikamsk. Rich salt reserves generated great interest on the part of Russia’s wealthiest merchants, some of whom bought land there.
C. The history of the modern city of Perm starts with the development of the Ural region by Tsar Peter the Great. Perm became the capital of the region in 1781 when the territorial structure of the country was reformed. A special commission determined that the best place would be at the crossroads of the Trans-Siberian Railroad, which runs east-west and the Kazan line, which runs north-south. This choice resulted in Perm becoming a major trade and industrial centre. The city quickly grew to become one of the biggest in the region.
D. Perm is generally stable and peaceful, so the shocks of 1917 did not reach it right away. Neither did they have the same bloody results as in Petrograd. Perm tried to distance itself from the excesses and did not share the enthusiasm
for change of its neighbours. Residents supported more moderate parties. They voted for the establishment of a west European style democracy in Russia. Unfortunately, the city could not stay completely unaffected, as both the White
and the Red armies wanted its factories.
E. Perm’s desire for stability and self-control made the region seem like a “swamp” during the democratic reforms of the 1990s. Unlike other regions, there were no intense social conflicts or strikes. Nevertheless, Perm was always among the regions that supported the democratic movement. In the 1999 elections, the party that wanted to continue the reforms won a majority in the region. So the city got an unofficial status of “the capital of civil society” or even “the capital of Russian liberalism”.
F. During the Second World War many factories were moved to Perm Oblast and continued to work there after it ended. Chemicals, non-ferrous metallurgy, and oil refining were the key industries after the war. Other factories produced
aircraft engines, equipment for telephones, ships, bicycles, and cable. Perm press produces about 70 percent of Russia’s currency and stamped envelopes. Nowadays several major business companies are located in Perm. The biggest players of Russian aircraft industry are among them.
G. Perm has at least a dozen theatres featuring productions that are attracting audiences from faraway cities, and even from abroad. The broad esplanade running from the city’s main square has become the site of almost continuous
international art, theatre and music fairs during the summer. Even the former prison camp with grim walls outside town was converted into a theater last July for a production of “Fidelio”, Beethoven’s opera about political repression. The performance was well-reviewed.
| Текст | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
| Заголовок |
Спрятать пояснение
Пояснение.
A — 7: The word “Perm” first appeared in the 12th century in the Primary Chronicle, the main source describing the early history of the Russian people.
B — 3: Rich salt reserves generated great interest on the part of Russia’s wealthiest merchants, some of whom bought land there.
C — 6: A special commission determined that the best place would be at the crossroads of the Trans-Siberian Railroad, which runs east-west and the Kazan line, which runs north-south.
D — 8: Unfortunately, the city could not stay completely unaffected, as both the White and the Red armies wanted its factories.
E — 5: So the city got an unofficial status of “the capital of civil society” or even “the capital of Russian liberalism”.
F — 1: During the Second World War many factories were moved to Perm Oblast and continued to work there after it ended.
G — 2: Perm has at least a dozen theatres featuring productions that are attracting audiences from faraway cities, and even from abroad. The broad esplanade running from the city’s main square has become the site of almost continuous international art, theatre and music fairs during the summer.
Ответ: 7368512.
Источник: Демонстрационная версия ЕГЭ—2019 по английскому языку
ЕГЭ 2019 Английский язык Чтение Задание 10
Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. Perm’s industry
2. City’s cultural life
3. Natural resource as attraction
4. The greatest achievement
5. Traditionally liberal
6. Beneficial location
7. Where the name comes from
8. Too important to be left alone
A. The word “Perm” first appeared in the 12th century in the Primary Chronicle, the main source describing the early history of the Russian people. The Perm were listed among the people who paid tribute to the Rus. The origin of the word “Perm” remains unclear. Most likely, the word came from the FinnoUgric languages and meant “far land” or “flat, forested place”. But some local residents say it may have come from Per, a hero and the main character of many local legends.
B. Novgorodian traders were the first to show an interest in Perm. Starting from the 15th century, the Muscovite princes included the area in their plans to create a unified Russian state. During this time the first Russian villages appeared in the northern part of the region. The first industry to appear in the area was a salt factory, which developed on the Usolka river in the city of Solikamsk. Rich salt reserves generated great interest on the part of Russia’s wealthiest merchants, some of whom bought land there.
C. The history of the modern city of Perm starts with the development of the Ural region by Tsar Peter the Great. Perm became the capital of the region in 1781 when the territorial structure of the country was reformed. A special commission determined that the best place would be at the crossroads of the Trans-Siberian Railroad, which runs east-west and the Kazan line, which runs north-south. This choice resulted in Perm becoming a major trade and industrial centre. The city quickly grew to become one of the biggest in the region.
D. Perm is generally stable and peaceful, so the shocks of 1917 did not reach it right away. Neither did they have the same bloody results as in Petrograd. Perm tried to distance itself from the excesses and did not share the enthusiasm for change of its neighbours. Residents supported more moderate parties. They voted for the establishment of a west European style democracy in Russia. Unfortunately, the city could not stay completely unaffected, as both the White and the Red armies wanted its factories.
E. Perm’s desire for stability and self-control made the region seem like a “swamp” during the democratic reforms of the 1990s. Unlike other regions, there were no intense social conflicts or strikes. Nevertheless, Perm was always among the regions that supported the democratic movement. In the 1999 elections, the party that wanted to continue the reforms won a majority in the region. So the city got an unofficial status of “the capital of civil society” or even “the capital of Russian liberalism”.
F. During the Second World War many factories were moved to Perm Oblast and continued to work there after it ended. Chemicals, non-ferrous metallurgy, and oil refining were the key industries after the war. Other factories produced aircraft engines, equipment for telephones, ships, bicycles, and cable. Perm press produces about 70 percent of Russia’s currency and stamped envelopes. Nowadays several major business companies are located in Perm. The biggest players of Russian aircraft industry are among them.
G. Perm has at least a dozen theatres featuring productions that are attracting audiences from faraway cities, and even from abroad. The broad esplanade running from the city’s main square has become the site of almost continuous international art, theatre and music fairs during the summer. Even the former prison camp with grim walls outside town was converted into a theater last July for a production of “Fidelio”, Beethoven’s opera about political repression. The performance was well-reviewed.
Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок.
1. A step to a wider variety
2. Varieties of theatre
3. Modern problems
4. Theatre and politics
5. Origin of theatre
6. Ladies enter
7. Not the least important
8. Stars for a repertoire
A. Modern Western theatre comes in large measure from ancient Greek drama, from which it takes technical terminology, classification into genres, and many of its themes, stock characters, and plot elements. The Greeks also developed the concepts of dramatic criticism, acting as a career, and theatre architecture. The theatre of ancient Greece consisted of three types of drama: tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play.
B. Western theatre developed and expanded considerably under the Romans. The Roman historian Livy wrote that the Romans first experienced theatre in the 4th century BC. The theatre of ancient Rome was a thriving and diverse art form, ranging from festival performances of street theatre, nude dancing, and acrobatics, to the staging of broadly appealing situation comedies, to the highstyle, verbally elaborate tragedies.
C. Theatre took on many different forms in the West between the 15th and 19th centuries, including commedia dell’arte and melodrama. The general trend was away from the poetic drama of the Greeks and the Renaissance and toward a more naturalistic prose style of dialogue, especially following the Industrial Revolution. Theatre today, broadly defined, includes performances of plays and musicals, ballets, operas and various other forms.
D. The eighteenth century in Britain introduced women to the stage, which would have been extremely inappropriate before. These women were looked at as celebrities but on the other hand, it was still very new and revolutionary that they were on the stage and some said they were unladylike and looked down n. Charles II did not like young men playing the parts of young women, so he asked that women play their own parts.
E. Theatre took a big pause during 1642 and 1660 in England because of Cromwell’s Interregnum. Theatre was seen as something sinful and the Puritans tried very hard to drive it out of their society. Because of this stagnant period, once Charles II came back to the throne in 1660, theatre (among other arts) exploded because of a lot of influence from France, where Charles was in exile the years previous to his reign.
F. Stagecraft is a term referring to the technical aspects of theatrical, film, and video production. It includes constructing scenery, hanging and focusing of lighting, design and procurement of costumes, makeup, props, stage management, and recording and mixing of sound. Considered a technical rather than an artistic field, it is equally crucial for the practical implementation of a designer’s artistic idea.
G. While most modern theatre companies rehearse one piece of theatre at a time, perform that piece for a set “run”, retire the piece, and begin rehearsing a new show, repertory companies rehearse multiple shows at one time. Repertory theatre generally involves a group of similarly accomplished actors, and relies more on the reputation of the group than on an individual star actor.
| Текст | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
| Заголовок |
Установите соответствие тем 1 — 8 текстам A — G. Занесите свои ответы в соответствующее поле справа. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.
1. Strange colours in the sky
2. Changes of the seasons
3. Expanding the influence
4. The last role
5. The last night
6. Waves in the air
7. Influence of magic forces
8. For war and peace
A. In rural Irish communities of the early 1800s, weather forecasting was anything but a precise science. There were people who predicted and explained turns in the weather through the prism of superstition. One particular storm in 1839 was so peculiar that rural folk in the west of Ireland, stunned by its ferocity, feared it could be the end of the world. Some blamed it on the “fairies” from local tales.
B. The eruption of the volcano at Krakatoa in the Pacific Ocean was a major disaster by any measure. In 1883, the entire island of Krakatoa was simply blown apart, and the resulting tsunami killed tens of thousands of people on other islands. The volcanic dust thrown into the atmosphere affected the weather around the world, and people as far away as Britain and the United States saw red sunsets caused by particles in the atmosphere.
C. The dust from Mount Tambora, which had erupted in early April 1815 in the Indian Ocean, shrouded the globe. And with sunlight blocked, 1816 did not have a normal summer. The weather in Europe and North America took a bizarre turn that resulted in crop failures and even famine. Spring came but then everything seemed to turn backward, as cold temperatures returned.
D. Wireless telegraphy originated as a term to describe electrical signaling without the electric wires to connect the end points. It was different from the conventional electric telegraph signaling. The term was initially applied to a variety of competing technologies to communicate messages encoded as symbols, without wires, around the turn of the 20th century, but radio emerged as the most significant.
E. By the time Abraham Lincoln became president, the telegraph had become an accepted part of American life. Lincoln’s first State of the Union message was transmitted over the telegraph wires in 1861. During the Civil War, Lincoln spent many hours in the telegraph room of the War Department building near the White House. The president would generally write his messages in longhand, and telegraph operators would relay them, in military cipher, to the front.
F. One of the truly tragic events in American history is the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Just as the Civil War was coming to an end, on April 14, 1865, the president had sought a night of relaxation at Ford’s Theatre, a short carriage drive from the White House. As Lincoln watched the play, John Wilkes Booth, an actor, shot the president and fled.
G. It is probably impossible to overestimate Queen Victoria’s importance to the British history of the 1800s. She took an active involvement in the affairs of state and strongly believed that Britain should rule much of the world as an empire. Indicating her role as an imperial leader, her official title as Queen of Great Britain and Ireland was changed in the late 1870s to also include the title Empress of India.
Задание 1
Прослушайте шесть высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.
| 1. | It’s another time to spend money. |
| 2. | Valentines make a big business. |
| 3. | Its traditions tend to fade. |
| 4. | It’s a traditional Valentine’s Day present and no one should spare money for it. |
| 5. | Even journalists need information about Valentine’s Day. |
| 6. | Writing Valentines has a very long history. |
| 7. | There’s always something against the Day. |
Задание 2
Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.
Задания 3-9
Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
Задание 10
Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
| 1 | Perm’s industry |
| 2 | City’s cultural life |
| 3 | Natural resource as attraction |
| 4 | The greatest achievement |
| 5 | Traditionally liberal |
| 6 | Beneficial location |
| 7 | Where the name comes from |
| 8 | Too important to be left alone |
| A | The word “Perm” first appeared in the 12th century in the Primary Chronicle, the main source describing the early history of the Russian people. The Perm were listed among the people who paid tribute to the Rus. The origin of the word “Perm” remains unclear. Most likely, the word came from the Finno- Ugric languages and meant “far land” or “flat, forested place”. But some local residents say it may have come from Per, a hero and the main character of many local legends. |
| B | Novgorodian traders were the first to show an interest in Perm. Starting from the 15th century, the Muscovite princes included the area in their plans to create a unified Russian state. During this time the first Russian villages appeared in the northern part of the region. The first industry to appear in the area was a salt factory, which developed on the Usolka river in the city of Solikamsk. Rich salt reserves generated great interest on the part of Russia’s wealthiest merchants, some of whom bought land there. |
| C | The history of the modern city of Perm starts with the development of the Ural region by Tsar Peter the Great. Perm became the capital of the region in 1781 when the territorial structure of the country was reformed. A special commission determined that the best place would be at the crossroads of the Trans-Siberian Railroad, which runs east-west and the Kazan line, which runs north-south. This choice resulted in Perm becoming a major trade and industrial centre. The city quickly grew to become one of the biggest in the region. |
| D | Perm is generally stable and peaceful, so the shocks of 1917 did not reach it right away. Neither did they have the same bloody results as in Petrograd. Perm tried to distance itself from the excesses and did not share the enthusiasm for change of its neighbours. Residents supported more moderate parties. They voted for the establishment of a west European style democracy in Russia. Unfortunately, the city could not stay completely unaffected, as both the White and the Red armies wanted its factories. |
| E | Perm’s desire for stability and self-control made the region seem like a “swamp” during the democratic reforms of the 1990s. Unlike other regions, there were no intense social conflicts or strikes. Nevertheless, Perm was always among the regions that supported the democratic movement. In the 1999 elections, the party that wanted to continue the reforms won a majority in the region. So the city got an unofficial status of “the capital of civil society” or even “the capital of Russian liberalism”. |
| F | During the Second World War many factories were moved to Perm Oblast and continued to work there after it ended. Chemicals, non-ferrous metallurgy, and oil refining were the key industries after the war. Other factories produced aircraft engines, equipment for telephones, ships, bicycles, and cable. Perm press produces about 70 percent of Russia’s currency and stamped envelopes. Nowadays several major business companies are located in Perm. The biggest players of Russian aircraft industry are among them. |
| G | Perm has at least a dozen theatres featuring productions that are attracting audiences from faraway cities, and even from abroad. The broad esplanade running from the city’s main square has become the site of almost continuous international art, theatre and music fairs during the summer. Even the former prison camp with grim walls outside town was converted into a theater last July for a production of “Fidelio”, Beethoven’s opera about political repression. The performance was well-reviewed. |
Задание 11
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
The life of Pi
“The Life of Pi” published in 2001 is the third book by the Canadian author Yann Martel. It has A_______________________, won several prizes and been translated into forty-one languages. At the start of the book, we B_______________________ in India. His father owns the city zoo and the family home is in the zoo. When they aren’t at school, Pi and his brother help their father at the zoo and he learns a lot about
animals. When Pi is sixteen, his parents decide to close the zoo and move to Canada. They travel by ship taking the animals with them. On the way, there is C_______________________. Sadly, Pi’s family and the sailors all die in the storm, but Pi lives and finds himself in a lifeboat with a hyena, zebra, orangutan and an enormous tiger. At first, Pi is scared of the animals and jumps into the ocean. Then he remembers there are sharks in the water and decides to climb back into the lifeboat. One by one, the animals in the lifeboat kill and eat each other, till only Pi and the tiger are left alive. Luckily for Pi, there is D_______________________, but he soon needs to start catching fish. He feeds the tiger to stop it killing and eating him. He also uses a whistle and E_______________________ and show it that he’s the boss. Pi and the tiger spend 227 days in the lifeboat. They live through terrible storms and the burning heat of the Pacific sun. They are often hungry and ill. Finally, they arrive at the coast of Mexico, but you will have to F_______________________ in the end!
- read the book to find out what happens
- some food and water on the lifeboat
- his knowledge of animals to control the tiger
- received an award for being strong
- sold seven million copies worldwide
- learn about Pi’s childhood in Pondicherry
- a terrible storm and the ship sinks
Задания 12-18
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
The culture shock of being an international student
For any student, moving away from home can be a bit scary. But I did not expect student life in Scotland to be all that different from my home of the Netherlands. After all, we get the same news and TV shows online. Many students find the northwest climate can affect them a lot. You may find the grayness and dampness, especially during the winter months, difficult to get used to. However, when I moved from Amsterdam to study at the University of Stirling, I began to realise that a few minor issues were catching me off balance. I was suffering
a minor cultural shock.
In my first year, I quickly found out my English was not as good as I had assumed. Most of my roommates were born and raised in Scotland, and I constantly found myself having to ask people to repeat themselves. Their Scottish accents did not help and I was mispronouncing names and places all the time. I also got confused about minor cultural things. Much to my flatmates’ amusement, it took me two Christmases to figure out that mince pies are not actually filled with minced beef.
The linguistic barrier meant that public transport was tricky at first. I found the lack of information about bus prices and how and where to get tickets really surprising. It turned a simple 15-minute journey into a daunting task. Then I had to adjust to a new social life. I was surprised by the campus culture in the UK – in the Netherlands, most universities don’t have one main campus where you can attend university, as well as live and exercise all in the same place. But here, you never have to leave campus if you don’t want to. I had to adapt to everyone being so close to each other all the time.
Parties are different here too. In the Netherlands, the less effort you put into getting ready, the better. I’d normally slip on my trusty Converse shoes, along with some clothes I could get away with wearing to class tomorrow, and wear minimal make-up. But, in my experience, partying is more formal in the UK. Your make-up needs to be flawless and your hair needs to be immaculate. You’ll preferably be wearing a dress and heels, too. I was constantly having to borrow clothes off my friends just to fit in. Parties finish early and everyone just wanders off, whereas in my country that would be the time I’d leave the house.
But it is not all early closing times and strange pastries. Social behaviours may also confuse, surprise or offend you. For example, you may find people appear cold, distant or always in a hurry. Cultures are built on deeply-embedded sets of values, norms, assumptions and beliefs. It can be surprising and sometimes distressing to find that people do not share some of your most deeply held ideas, as most of us take our core values and beliefs for granted and assume they are universally held.
However, I have found lots of pleasant surprises in the UK too – and so have many other international students I know. My friend Agnes was taken aback by how sociable people are. She says she was shocked when complete strangers started talking to her at the bus stop. I, personally, was surprised by how smartly male students in Stirling dress compared to my home country. Culture shock can knock your confidence in the beginning. But you are not alone in taking time to adapt, and soon you start to come to grips with all experiences. Studies suggest that taking a gap year or studying abroad can positively influence your brain to make you more outgoing and open to new ideas.
Looking back, most of the ones I experienced made good stories to tell my friends.
Задания 19-25
Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19–25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–25.
Задания 26-31
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26–31, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26–31.
Задания 32-38
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32–38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32–38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Olivia
I never took Olivia to the theatre, but it was there I met her. I 32___________ the habit now of going every Saturday night, usually alone, sometimes with George. It was George who 33 ___________ me to Olivia Nelson. She was an only child whose father, a cotton merchant, had died and left her all he had. She was not very beautiful but she was tall, very graceful, smartly dressed and 34 ___________ me at once. Olivia got interested when George said that I was a novelist. Novelists were not too common in Cornwell then, though I believe they are now as numerous as knights. Olivia adored famous people. She was delighted to meet me. It turned 35___________ that Olivia had read my books, at least some of them and she liked them. She could 36____________ intelligently about them. She praised them and criticized them with a good deal of common sense. She discussed new plays and new books with me. She developed a habit of being wherever I was to be found. We had a few meals together at restaurants, and I 37______________ that I was dressing with unusual care. She was so excited and happy, so full of good conversation, that I was charmed and captivated by her company. But I couldn’t help thinking that something was wrong. There was no 38____________ to think the worst. However, I couldn’t make myself propose to her.
При выполнении заданий 32-38 вам поможет:
Методичка “Фразовые глаголы”
Задание 39
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Olivia who
writes:
… I know it’s often cold in Russia in winter. What do you usually do not to catch a cold? What is a healthy lifestyle for you? How can you catch up with the class if you do fall ill?
My cousins have come to stay with us for the weekend …
Write a letter to Olivia.
In your letter
– answer her questions
– ask 3 questions about her cousins
Write 100–140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Как написать личное письмо на ЕГЭ по английскому языку
Задание 40
Выберите только ОДНО из двух предложенных высказываний (40.1 или 40.2), укажите его номер в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ № 2 и выразите своё мнение по предложенной проблеме согласно данному плану.
Comment on one of the following statements.
40.1 Science is the first thing to be financed in the modern world.
40.2 An early choice of a career path is the key to success.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200–250 words.
Use the following plan:
− make an introduction (state the problem paraphrasing the given statement)
− express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion
− express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing opinion
− explain why you do not agree with the opposing opinion
− make a conclusion restating your position
Вам помогут:
Методичка: “Примерные темы и аргументы для эссе (с лексикой)”
Курс эссе
Удачи на экзамене!
ЕГЭ по английскому набирает обороты. Процент сдающих экзамен по иностранному языку значительно возрос за последние несколько лет. Это связано с возрастанием популярности лингвистических и филологических факультетов, где обязательным требованием поступления является знание английского языка.
Уверенный английский является обязательным требованием многих технических университетов, где студент должен владеть языком на уровне, позволяющем знакомиться с иностранными материалами по теме.
Нет нужды подробно рассказывать о значимости английского языка в нашей жизни, потому что даже дети знают, что английский открывает большие возможности в образовании, карьере и путешествиях.
Сегодня речь пойдет о структуре ЕГЭ по английскому языку.
Необходимо понимать и осознавать степень сложности сдачи любого иностранного языка. Предполагается, что выпускник должен в достаточной мере владеть языком, чтобы справиться с заданиями уровня сложности от A1 до B2.
Экзаменационная работа содержит задания по аудированию, чтению, грамматике и лексике, письму и говорению. Таким образом, ЕГЭ по английскому комплексно оценивает коммуникативные умения и навыки выпускника.
На выполнение письменной части отводится 180 минут. Устная часть сдается в отдельный день, и общее время сдачи составляет 15 минут.
Письменная часть
1.Аудирование
Первая часть письменного экзамена подразумевает проверку умения воспринимать информацию на слух. Аудирование состоит из 3 частей, каждая из которых сложнее предыдущей. Каждое задание прослушивается дважды.
В первой части необходимо сопоставить высказывание говорящего с утверждением, данным в списке. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Не стоит пугаться быстрого темпа речи спикеров, так как задание не предусматривает тотального понимания высказывания. Необходимо уловить общую идею и услышать ключевые слова.
Так, например, демоверсия ЕГЭ предлагает такие утверждения:
- Knowing German offers you more career opportunities.
- German isn’t as difficult as you may think.
- You can’t learn the German language quickly.
- Writers, philosophers and scientists need to learn German.
- I learn German because I’m attracted by the culture.
- Some unique academic books exist only in German.
- German is almost an impossible language to learn.
Вторая часть аудирования предполагает прослушивание диалога-беседы в ситуации повседневного общения. На основании прослушанного экзаменуемый должен определить, соответствует ли высказывание идее диалога (True). Если высказывание противоречит идее, то необходимо указать False. Если на основании прослушанного нельзя дать ни положительный, ни отрицательный ответ, то есть об этом в тексте не сказано, то высказывание соответствует ответу Not Stated (не сказано).
Необходимо внимательно ознакомиться с утверждениями и убедиться, что идея высказывания ясна. Необходимо использовать паузы между прослушиваниями, чтобы подчеркнуть ключевые слова и подумать о возможных синонимах к ним. Как правило, утверждения следуют в том же порядке, в каком упоминаются в тексте.
- Greg studied in Russia for a year.
- Mary wants Greg to give her some advice.
- Mary still needs to get a visa to Russia.
- Greg thinks Mary shouldn’t take cash.
- Greg and Mary live in London.
- Mary always tips waiters in restaurants.
- Greg disliked Russian soups.
В третьей части аудирования учащимся предлагается прослушать диалог (или монолог) и ответить на 6 вопросов. Каждый правильный ответ оценивается в 1 балл. Это задание требует внимательного прослушивания и высокого уровня владения языком. В отведенное для подготовки время необходимо внимательно ознакомиться с вопросами и подчеркнуть ключевые слова самого вопроса и слова, определяющие разницу между предложенными вариантами. Вопросы идут параллельно ходу аудиозаписи.
Например:
What do we learn about Maggie’s musical education?
1) She didn’t have a special music talent.
2) She attended a musical school for 9 years.
3) She didn’t like playing the piano very much.
Why did Maggie want to become an actress?
1) This profession runs in her family.
2) She wanted to overcome the stage fright.
3) Acting on stage felt natural to her.
2. Чтение
Раздел «Чтение» состоит из трех частей.
В первой части учащиеся должны установить соответствие между заголовками и текстами. Предлагается 8 заголовков. Один из них лишний. Задания не требует полного перевода. Достаточно найти ключевые слова и понять основную мысль каждого текста. Возможно, в заголовке не будут использованы слова, которые встречаются в тексте. Вместо них используются синонимы. Чаще всего для определения основной мысли достаточно перевести первое и последнее предложения текста и бегло просмотреть середину.
- Perm’s industry
- City’s cultural life
- Natural resource as attraction
- The greatest achievement
- Traditionally liberal
- Beneficial location
- Where the name comes from
- Too important to be left alone
- The word “Perm” first appeared in the 12th century in the Primary Chronicle, the main source describing the early history of the Russian people. The Perm were listed among the people who paid tribute to the Rus. The origin of the word “Perm” remains unclear. Most likely, the word came from the FinnoUgric languages and meant “far land” or “flat, forested place”. But some local residents say it may have come from Per, a hero and the main character of many local legends.
- Novgorodian traders were the first to show an interest in Perm. Starting from the 15th century, the Muscovite princes included the area in their plans to create a unified Russian state. During this time the first Russian villages appeared in the northern part of the region. The first industry to appear in the area was a salt factory, which developed on the Usolka river in the city of Solikamsk. Rich salt reserves generated great interest on the part of Russia’s wealthiest merchants, some of whom bought land there.
Во второй части учащимся необходимо подобрать грамматически правильное продолжение предложения, чтобы оно имело законченный смысл. Предлагается 7 «хвостиков». Один из них лишний. Прежде чем приступить к выполнению задания, необходимо проанализировать грамматическую структуру «хвостиков». Так, если «хвостик» начинается со слов «that», «who», «where» и т.д., то это, вероятно, придаточное предложение, раскрывающее суть главного.
Весь «хвостик» будет относиться к главному слову в основном предложении. Если «хвостик» начинается с третьей формы глагола, то это причастный оборот. Время основного предложения и выбранного «продолжения» должны соответствовать правилу согласования времен. Если хвостик начинается со слова «because», то он раскрывает суть того, о чем говорилось в основной части.
“The Life of Pi” published in 2001 is the third book by the Canadian author Yann Martel. It has A_______________________, won several prizes and been translated into forty-one languages. At the start of the book, we B _______________________ in India. His father owns the city zoo and the family home is in the zoo. When they aren’t at school, Pi and his brother help their father at the zoo and he learns a lot about animals. When Pi is sixteen, his parents decide to close the zoo and move to Canada. They travel by ship taking the animals with them. On the way, there is C_______________________. Sadly, Pi’s family and the sailors all die in the storm, but Pi lives and finds himself in a lifeboat with a hyena, zebra, orangutan and an enormous tiger. At first, Pi is scared of the animals and jumps into the ocean. Then he remembers there are sharks in the water and decides to climb back into the lifeboat. One by one, the animals in the lifeboat kill and eat each other, till only Pi and the tiger are left alive. Luckily for Pi, there is D_______________________, but he soon needs to start catching fish. He feeds the tiger to stop it killing and eating him. He also uses a whistle and E_______________________ and show it that he’s the boss. Pi and the tiger spend 227 days in the lifeboat. They live through terrible storms and the burning heat of the Pacific sun. They are often hungry and ill. Finally, they arrive at the coast of Mexico, but you will have to F _______________________ in the end!
- read the book to find out what happens
- some food and water on the lifeboat
- his knowledge of animals to control the tiger
- received an award for being strong
- sold seven million copies worldwide
- learn about Pi’s childhood in Pondicherry
- a terrible storm and the ship sinks.
В третьей части учащимся предлагается прочитать художественный или публицистический текст и ответить на вопросы к нему. Задание относится к разряду повышенной сложности, поэтому текст может показаться трудным, однако для ответа на вопросы необходимо понять лишь суть абзаца. Если незнакомые слова препятствуют пониманию вопроса, то нужно попробовать предположить их значение, исходя из контекста. Вопросы обычно следуют в том же порядке, в котором они следуют в тексте. Так, вопросы к тексту выглядят следующим образом:
When she moved to Scotland, the student was mostly confused by …
1) television shows.
2) small unexpected things.
3) the local food.
4) the weather.
Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a reason for author’s culture shock?
1) Local food.
2) Traffic jams.
3) Living on campus.
4) Language problems.
3. Грамматика и лексика
Этот раздел состоит из трех частей.
В первой части учащимся даются слова в начальной форме. Нужно поставить слово в грамматически верную форму, исходя из содержания текста. Так, например, если необходимо подобрать верный вариант глагола, то нужно проанализировать времена ближайших глаголов и перевести текст. Выбранная форма должна соответствовать правилу согласования времен.
Если по смыслу необходимо вставить глагол в будущем времени, а ближайший глагол стоит в форме прошедшего времени, то по правилу необходимо использовать форму would вместо will.
Чтобы успешно справиться с заданием, выпускник должен знать следующие элементы грамматики, проверяемые на ЕГЭ:
-согласование времен;
-условные предложения;
-предложения с конструкцией I wish;
-предложения с глаголами на ing и герундий;
-определенный/неопределенный артикли;
– множественное число существительных, включая исключения.
-все разряды местоимений;
-степени сравнения прилагательных, включая исключения;
-разряды числительных;
-времена: Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple, Present и Past Continuous, Present и Past Perfect, Present/Past Perfect Continuous.
-страдательный (пассивный) залог указанных выше времен;
-модальные глаголы;
-способы выражения будущего времени (Future Simple, to be going to, Present Continuous в значении запланированного действия).
The Thorn Birds is a 1977 best selling novel by
the Australian author Colin McCullough.
The story gives __________________ WE
information about life on Australian sheep stations,
but it also includes a dramatic love story.
The book __________________ the writer BRING
international fame as soon as it was published.
Часть 2 проверяет знания выпускников в английском словообразовании. Учащимся необходимо прочитать текст и изменить исходное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически, синтаксически и лексически подходило к тексту. Проверяется знание приставок и суффиксов глаголов, существительных, прилагательных, наречий. Особое внимание следует уделить отрицательным приставкам. Иногда нужно придать обратное значение слову. На помощь приходят приставки im, in, un, ir, il и т.д. Формы глаголов и наличие/отсутствие артиклей помогают определить число существительного.
Auckland is the largest and most populous city in New Zealand.
The __________________ of Auckland is getting close to 1.4 million residents. POPULATE
It is __________________ situated in the North Island of the country, CONVENIENT
between the Waitakere Ranges and the Hauraki Gulf.
Часть 3 включает в себя задания повышенного уровня сложности. Проверяются лексические знания учащихся: дается текст, где пропущены слова. На место пропуска нужно вставить одно из четырех предложенных слов с близким значением. Нужно вставить слово в контекст, учитывая его лексическую сочетаемость.
Проверяется знание
-предлогов,
-фразовых глаголов,
-синонимов,
-антонимов.
I never took Olivia to the theatre, but it was there I met her. I 32 ______the habit now of going every Saturday night, usually alone, sometimes with George.
1) formed 2) held 3) used 4) kept
4.Письмо
Раздел «Письмо» включает 2 письменных задания: письмо другу личного характера и написание эссе с элементами рассуждения.
В письме учащийся должен ответить на 3 вопроса друга по и задать ему 3 встречных вопроса. Объем работы должен составлять 100-140 слов. Оформление письма должно соответствовать правилам написания личных писем. За организацию текста в этом задании учащийся может получить 2 балла. Необходимо написать адрес автора письма в правом верхнем углу с указанием даты написания. Далее идет неофициальное обращение
(Dear Helen,
Thanks for your recent letter…)
с просьбой простить за долгое «молчание». В качестве причины «молчания» можно указать загруженность подготовкой к экзаменам (Sorry, I haven’t written for so long as I was really pressed for time preparing for my exams). Далее следуют ответы на вопросы, связанные союзами и союзными словами (Well, Anyway, As for me, However). Фразу о надежде на скорый ответ и завершающую фразу надо написать на отдельной строке (Sorry, I’d better go now as I have to do much homework for tomorrow. Write back soon). В самом конце пишется имя автора письма без точки. Например,
Best wishes,
Kate
Часть 2 раздела «Письмо» подразумевает написание сочинения-рассуждения на заданную тему объемом 200-250 слов. Экзаменуемый должен выразить свое мнение по проблеме.
Например,
Science is the first thing to be financed in the modern world.
Сочинение должно включать вступление, где будет сформулирована проблема. Во втором абзаце следует мнение экзаменуемого, подкрепленное 2-3 аргументами в защиту точки зрения. Третий абзац выражает противоположное мнение по проблеме с 1-2 аргументами. В четвертом абзаце экзаменуемому необходимо объяснить, почему он не согласен с противоположным мнением. В последнем абзаце необходимо еще раз сформулировать и подтвердить свою позицию.
Устная часть
Устная часть была введена сравнительно недавно (в 2015 году). Раздел «Говорение» включает в себя 4 задания. Все задания записываются специальной техникой и оцениваются экспертами. Устная часть сдается в отдельный день и занимает примерно 15 минут.
Первое задание устной части-чтение текста вслух. Для подготовки дается 1,5 минуты. Ответ записывается на диктофон и должен составлять не более 1,5 минут. В задании нужно допустить не более 5 фонетических ошибок, чтобы получить заветный 1 балл. Проверяется навык беглого чтения и умение делить предложение на интонационные части.
Второе задание представляет собой звонок по рекламному объявлению. Экзаменуемый должен задать 5 вопросов по интересующим его аспектам (цена рекламируемой услуги, расположение офиса, рабочие часы, скидки для школьников и т.д.). Желательно начать разговор естественно: Hello, I’m going to visit your gym. So, I’d like to get more information…
Далее на каждый вопрос отводится 20 секунд. Вопросы должны грамматически отличаться друг от друга, поэтому рекомендуется повторить типы вопросов в английском языке. Однако нельзя использовать только конструкцию «What about…?» и задавать косвенные вопросы.
Третье задание включает в себя 3 фотокарточки. Экзаменуемый должен выбрать 1 фото и описать его по плану: рассказать где, когда и почему было сделано фото, описать участников фотографии, обосновать выбор именно этого фото. Время на ответ составляет не более 2 минут. Необходимо использовать время Present Continuous для описания действий на фото. Удобнее всего использовать клишированные фразы:
To begin with, I took this photo while…
In the centre/background/foreground of the picture you can see…
Besides/In addition…
For example…
From my point of view…
Summing up, I’d like to say…
В последнем задании устной части необходимо сопоставить 2 фотографии по плану: выразить сходство и различие и определить свое отношение к представленным на фото объектам или явлениям. Время на подготовку-1,5 минуты. Ответ составляет не более 2 минут. Необходимо использовать время Present Continuous для описания действий на фото.
Примерный план выглядит так:
- I would like to compare and contrast two photographs…
- Описание обеих картинок по отдельности;
- These pictures have a lot in common.
- Anyway, these photos have certain differences too.
- Аргументы;
- In my opinion…
- In conclusion, I want to say…
Таким образом, максимальный первичный балл за весь экзамен составляет 44 балла.
Напоминаем, что подготовиться к экзаменам ЕГЭ по английскому языку вы можете в нашей онлайн-школе, торопитесь, времени осталось совсем не много – запишитесь на пробный урок уже сегодня.
Удачи в подготовке и успехов в английском Вам, друзья!
Запишитесь на бесплатный пробный урок
Пробный 30-ти минутный урок БЕСПЛАТНО!
Заполните заявку на 30-ти минутный вводный урок прямо сейчас!
Школьный этап всероссийской олимпиады по английскому языку
2019-2020 учебный год
Задания для учащихся 9-11 классов
LISTENING(10 min)
1.Listen to the interview and choose the correct variant.
1. What do we learn about Maggie’s musical education?
1) She didn’t have a special music talent.
2) She attended a musical school for 9 years.
3) She didn’t like playing the piano very much.
2. Why did Maggie want to become an actress?
1) This profession runs in her family.
2) She wanted to overcome the stage fright.
3) Acting on stage felt natural to her.
3. What does Maggie say about directors and directing?
1) She thinks David Lynch is the best director.
2) She feels she could herself direct a film one day.
3) She thinks she was fortunate to work with many talented directors.
4. What does Maggie say is the most important thing for her about a film?
1) The story.
2) The screenplay.
3) The partners.
5. Мaggie often plays mothers because …
1) such roles provide lots of opportunities to an actress.
2) people like her in such roles.
3) she is a future mother herself.
6. What does Maggie think of her appearance?
1) She thinks she should take care of the way she looks on screen.
2) She thinks her looks don’t interfere with her job.
3) She thinks she’s very beautiful.
7. What does Maggie love about being an actress?
1) Being able to play both men and women.
2) Being able to express complex characters.
3) Being able to look beautiful on screen.
Reading (30min)
2.Read the texts and find the best heading to each of them, one heading is extra.
- Perm’s industry
- City’s cultural life
- Natural resource as attraction
- The greatest achievement
- Traditionally liberal
- Beneficial location
- Where the name comes from
- Too important to be left alone
A. The word “Perm” first appeared in the 12th century in the Primary Chronicle, the main source describing the early history of the Russian people. The Perm were listed among the people who paid tribute to the Rus. The origin of the word “Perm” remains unclear. Most likely, the word came from the Finno-Ugric languages and meant “far land” or “flat, forested place”. But some local residents say it may have come from Per, a hero and the main character of many local legends.
B. Novgorodian traders were the first to show an interest in Perm. Starting from the 15th century, the Muscovite princes included the area in their plans to create a unified Russian state. During this time the first Russian villages appeared in the northern part of the region. The first industry to appear in the area was a salt factory, which developed on the Usolka river in the city of Solikamsk. Rich salt reserves generated great interest on the part of Russia’s wealthiest merchants, some of whom bought land there.
C. The history of the modern city of Perm starts with the development of the Ural region by Tsar Peter the Great. Perm became the capital of the region in 1781 when the territorial structure of the country was reformed. A special commission determined that the best place would be at the crossroads of the Trans-Siberian Railroad, which runs east-west and the Kazan line, which runs north-south. This choice resulted in Perm becoming a major trade and industrial centre. The city quickly grew to become one of the biggest in the region.
D. Perm is generally stable and peaceful, so the shocks of 1917 did not reach it right away. Neither did they have the same bloody results as in Petrograd. Perm tried to distance itself from the excesses and did not share the enthusiasm for change of its neighbours. Residents supported more moderate parties. They voted for the establishment of a west European style democracy in Russia. Unfortunately, the city could not stay completely unaffected, as both the White and the Red armies wanted its factories.
E. Perm’s desire for stability and self-control made the region seem like a “swamp” during the democratic reforms of the 1990s. Unlike other regions, there were no intense social conflicts or strikes. Nevertheless, Perm was always among the regions that supported the democratic movement. In the 1999 elections, the party that wanted to continue the reforms won a majority in the region. So the city got an unofficial status of “the capital of civil society” or even “the capital of Russian liberalism”.
F. During the Second World War many factories were moved to Perm Oblast and continued to work there after it ended. Chemicals, non-ferrous metallurgy, and oil refining were the key industries after the war. Other factories produced aircraft engines, equipment for telephones, ships, bicycles, and cable. Perm press produces about 70 percent of Russia’s currency and stamped envelopes. Nowadays several major business companies are located in Perm. The biggest players of Russian aircraft industry are among them.
G. Perm has at least a dozen theatres featuring productions that are attracting audiences from faraway cities, and even from abroad. The broad esplanade running from the city’s main square has become the site of almost continuous international art, theatre and music fairs during the summer. Even the former prison camp with grim walls outside town was converted into a theater last July for a production of “Fidelio”, Beethoven’s opera about political repression. The performance was well-reviewed.
3. Fill the missing gaps in the text choosing from the list A-F. There is one extra sentence.
The Man Who Loved the Sea
Jacques Cousteau was born in France in 1910. Although he was sickly as a child, he learned to swim at an early age and developed a love for the ocean. He joined the French navy in 1933, and it was there A________. Amazed at what he saw beneath the sea, he decided to build a device that would allow people to breathe underwater. In 1942, he finished the Aqua-Lung, a piece of early underwater breathing equipment B________.
After World War II, Cousteau began his life’s work onboard the research ship Calypso. He worked with divers and scientists to photograph and gather samples of underwater plants and animals. In doing so, he learned about many ocean creatures C________.
In 1960, he successfully worked to stop nuclear waste D________. He worked tirelessly E________ and won many awards for his efforts. His television show, The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau, ran from 1968 to 1976. The series helped raise awareness of the creatures who inhabit the world’s oceans. Cousteau died in 1997 at the age of 87 and is still celebrated F________ of the twentieth century.
- from being dumped into the Mediterranean Sea
- that would eventually lead to the SCUBA diving gear
- as one of the most important explorers and environmentalists
- even though he became interested in exploring the ocean
- that he first used a pair of underwater goggles
- to improve the ecological conditions of the world’s oceans
- that had never been studied before
USE OF ENGLISH (20 min)
4.Complete the sentences with the suitable words from the list.
no more very difficult grow maize sooner or later countless extended from before reaching desert area twice a year very dry by all means
animal life can support
For the past 100 years, the immense stretch of barren American desert has been growing smaller. Three generations ago, the wasteland 1___________the Mississippi Valley in the east almost to the Pacific Coast. But men learned that the prairies could 2__________and that the grass lands could feed cattle and sheep or yield wheat. As they continued to cultivate the desert, the size of 3_________descreased.
Today, there are still 60 to 70 thousand square miles of desert. In the 600 miles between Salt Lake City and Reno, Nevada, there is nothing but dead lakes, dry rivers, snakes and small 4_________, enormous mineral wealth, and the inhuman beauty of the desert. Parts of the region 5_______cattle, but most of it remains desert country. And though it is an empire in size, it is 6___________than town in population.
Here between the Sierra Nevada in the west and the Rockies in the east, the climate is 7__________and hot. Even fairly large rivers from the mountains dry up so rapidly that they die 8___________the end of the desert. But 9___________it rains, even here. In midsummer and midwinter.
In this land of little water, farming was 10__________. It would have been impossible if farmers had not planned and worked together. Fearing no task, they built more 100 towns and 11______gardens.
5. Match the sentences (1-5) with (a-e).Correct mistakes in (1-5) and (a-e), write the correct variant.
- He look a bit green.
- He has in a blue mood today.
- I thinking it’s a grey area.
- You like white knucle rides?
- Are you seeing the Greens over there?
- Yes, he’s failed in his exam.
- Yes, they’re fighting for the environment again.
- Maybe he is gone to be sick.
- No! I always feel sick , because of they.
- I am agree. It’s not clear what we can do.
WRITING (30 min)
You have found the following statement in the teen magazine .Comment this.
Some people claim that bodypositive is a propahanda of an unhealthy way of life.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 100-140 words
Remember to
-make an introduction;
-express your personal opinion
-make a conclusion.
Критерии оценивания
Listening, Reading, Use of English — максимальное количество баллов 51. Задание проверяется по ключам. Каждый правильный ответ оценивается в 1 балл. За неверный ответ или отсутствие ответа выставляется 0 баллов.
Keys:
Listening (7)
1.1 1
2 3
3 3
4 2
5 1
6 2
7 2
Reading (13)
2. A 7 3. A 5
B 3 B 2
C 6 C 7
D 8 D 1
E 5 E 6
F 1 F 3
G 2
Use of English (31)
4. 1.extended from; 2.grow maize; 3.desert area; 4.animal life; 5.can support; 6.no more; 7.very dry; 8.before reaching; 9.twice a year; 10.very difficult; 11.countless.
5. 1. c He looks a bit green.
2. a He is in a blue mood today.
3. e I think it’s a grey area.
- d Do you like white knucle rides?
- b Do you see the Greens over there?
a. Yes, he’s failed his exam.
b. Yes, they fight for the environment again.
c. Maybe he is going to be sick.
d. No! I always feel sick, because of them.
e. I agree. It’s not clear what we can do.
Шкала критериев оценивания «Writing»
Максимальное количество баллов: 10
БАЛЛЫ(за содержание) |
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ (максимум 10 баллов) |
ОФОРМЛЕНИЕ (максимум 10 баллов) |
||||
|
Композиция (максимум 2 балла) |
Лексика(максимум 2 балла) |
Грамматика (максимум 2 балла) |
Стиль (максимум 2 балла) |
Орфография и пунктуация (максимум 2 балла) |
||
|
9-10 |
Коммуникативная задача полностью выполнена с учетом цели высказывания и адресата. Тема раскрыта полностью. Участник демонстрирует оригинальный подход к раскрытию темы. |
2 балла Работа не имеет ошибок с точки зрения композиции. |
2 балла Участник демонстрирует богатый лексический запас, необходимый для раскрытия темы, точный выбор слов и адекватное владение лексической сочетаемостью.Работа не имеет ошибок с точки зрения лексического оформления. |
2 балла Участник демонстрирует грамотное и уместное употребление структур, необходимых для раскрытия темы. Работа не имеет ошибок с точки зрения грамматического оформления. |
2 балла Участник демонстрирует владение жанрами письменной речи. Текст оформлен в соответствии с требованиями, предъявляемыми к официальному и неофициальному письму. Работа не имеет ошибок с точки зрения стилевого оформления. |
2 балла Участник демонстрирует уверенное владение навыками орфографии и пунктуации. Работа не имеет ошибок с точки зрения орфографического и пунктуационного оформления. |
|
7-8 |
Коммуникативная задача выполнена с учетом цели высказывания и адресата. Тема раскрыта полностью, однако в работе не хватает оригинальности в раскрытии темы. |
1 балл В целом текст имеет четкую структуру, соответствующую заданной теме. Текст разделен на абзацы. В тексте присутствуют связующие элементы. Допустимы незначительные нарушения структуры, логики или связности текста |
1 балл В целом лексический состав текста соответствует заданной теме, однако имеются неточности в выборе слов и лексической сочетаемости, которые не затрудняют понимания текста. Или: используется стандартная, однообразная лексика. |
1 балл В тексте присутствует ряд незначительных грамматических и/или синтаксических ошибок, не затрудняющих общего понимания текста. |
1 балл Участник в целом демонстрирует владение жанрами письменной речи, однако в тексте присутствуют незначительные нарушения стилевого единства. |
1 балл В тексте присутствуют орфографические и/или пунктуационные ошибки, которые не затрудняют общего понимания текста. |
|
5-6 |
Коммуникативная задача в целом выполнена, однако имеются отдельные нарушения целостности содержания. Тема раскрыта не полностью: не приведены все необходимые аргументы и/или факты. |
|||||
|
3-4 |
Коммуникативная задача выполнена частично. Содержание текста не полностью отвечает заданной теме или объем работы менее 50% от заданного. |
.0 баллов Текст не имеет четкой логической структуры. Имеются серьезные нарушения связности текста и/или многочисленные ошибки в употреблении логических средств связи. |
0 баллов Участник демонстрирует крайне ограниченный словарный запас. Или: имеются многочисленные ошибки в употреблении лексики, затрудняющие понимание текста. |
0 баллов В тексте присутствуют много численные ошибки, затрудняющие его понимание. |
0 баллов Текст не оформлен в соответствии с требованиями жанра. Или: в тексте присутствуют значительные нарушения стилевого единства. |
0 баллов В тексте присутствуют многочисленные орфографические и/или пунктуационные ошибки, затрудняющие его понимание. |
|
0-2 |
Коммуникативная задача не выполнена. Содержание текста не отвечает заданной теме. |
The name of the city
There are several viewpoints on the origin of the name of Perm. The name is believed to be related to the word “parma” which originated in the language of the Komi-Permyak tribes and meant a hill covered with thick forest. Although the city of Perm is, in fact, located on the hills formerly covered by thick pine tree forests, it is hardly possible to take “parma” as the city’s name origin due to its phonetic features.
Another version attributes the name to a combination of the names of two tribes “em’ ” and “per” – living in the area of the Vychegda river.
Some theories link the name of the city to the legends, in particular, those featuring Pear, the Komi-Permyak folk hero. There is also a research which outlines the link between the name of “perm’ to a land of Biarmia; the latter is referred to in the ancient Scandinavian sagas as a land located in the east of Scandinavia where the Vikings used to travel for firs and silver.
In fact, the word “perm” was for the first time mentioned in the12thcentury record, which listed different tribes of the area. Modern toponymic studies believe that the word “peramaa” («the faraway land”) meant the territory populated by ancestors of the modern Komi-Zyryans and the Komi-Permyaks; it further transformed into “perm” and began to mean both the tribes and the lands where they settled in the Upper Kama area. The name hen began to refer to the whole territory of the modern Perm Region; in the 18thcentury it was used as the name of the province and finally – of its centre, the city of Perm.
The emergence of the city.
The history of Perm city is traditionally connected with the opening of the Yegoshikha metal-smelting works in 1723. The first mentioning of a “pochinok”, i.e. a new settling, “on the Kama river, on the Yegoshikha river” one can find in the records dating back to 1647 and 1678.
Captain Vassily Tatischev, the mining supervisor, is regarded as the founder of Perm city as it was he who chose the area around the Yegoshikha river as location for a new state-run plant. Tatischev was then called back to St.Petersburg in 1721 and was replaced by the artillery Major-General Wilhelm de Genin.
The construction of the Yegoshikha copper-smelting works completed between May 1723 and January 1724. A 56- meter long dam, 6 smelting ovens, ore and coal stores and other buildings were erected. By 1723 the settlement had 112 households listing 302 male population.
After Wilhelm de Genin left for St.Petersburg in 1734, the Perm Mining Department was moved from the metal works in Pyskor to Yegoshikha. The new management started two new schools in the settlement, those of Arithmetic and Literature, which trained the staff for the state works, and a hospital. In1735 the roads to Solikamsk and Okhansk were built, and a few years later the foundation of the Siberian Road was laid. This enhanced the administrative and cultural importance of the works itself and the settlement.
In 1757-1764 the first stone buildings were erected – St.Peter and Paul Church and St.Catherine side-chapel, the office, the manager’s house and the guardhouse.
After the peasants uprising of 1773-1775 the tzar government took measures to break the large-scale provinces into a smaller units. Thus, to spot the location suitable for the center of the future Perm Province, two commissions were sent to the Kama area, headed by Governor-general of Kazan Prince Platon Meschersky and the Governor of Vyborg general Evgeny Kashkin respectively. Both commissions were unanimous in choosing Yegoshukha as the best location for the new province center.
_mal.jpg)
On November 20, 1780 Empress Catherine II sent a decree to general Kashkin appointing him the Governor of Perm and Tobolsk, as well as establishing the area of Perm including two provinces – those of Perm and Tobolsk — under his rule, and approving the new city of Perm as its center.
In1788 the works at Yegoshikha were closed down due to the lack of ore supply, and in 1804 «the works and its lands were handed over to the benefit of Perm City». Only the “Zavodskaya Square “ (“the Works’ Square”) near the Yegoshikha river reminded the residents of the former plant; this was further replaced by the name “Razgulyaj” in the end of the 19th century.
The first design plan for the city was made by the local surveyor Andrey Gruber in 1782-84. The plan quite obviously retained the features of the original settlement which gave birth to rectangular planning of the modern Perm streets.
Interesting Facts about Perm
- The first post stamps in the Soviet Russia were printed in Perm
- Perm stretches along both banks of the Kama River for over 70 kilometers and boasts the third place in Russia in terms of length after St Petersburg and Volgograd.
- Perm has 6 twin cities worldwide.
- Perm ranks fourth in Russia in terms of the area.
- The world’s largest 20-inch cannon is located in Perm.
- Perm was the junction at the first railways in the Urals.
- Perm City administratively is divided into 7 districts: Dzerzhinky, Industrialny, Kirovsky, Leninsky, Motovilikhinsky, Ordzhonikidzevsky, Sverdlovsky.
- At the time of World Wide II Perm became the home for 64 enterprises evacuated from the central cities, as a result, the population of the city of the time grew nearly twice.
- Alexander Popov, the inventor of radio, was a graduate of Perm Theological School.
- Russian painter Pyotr Vereschagin (1842—1904) was born in Perm.
- Vassily Tatishchev, a public figure, scientist and mining engineer, is considered to be the founder of Perm City.
- Evgenia Serebryannikova has become known in history as a public figure and the first female ophthalmologist. In 1886 she initiated the establishing and then headed the ophthalmology department in the Perm province hospital, which was the first regional ophthalmology clinics in Russia.
- Sergey Diaghilev is known to have lived in many cities, however, his personality and zeal for arts to a great extent developed in Perm – in his grandfather’s house located on the corner of the Big Yamskaya and Sibirskaya Streets (the mansion is now housing School No 11). The Diaghilev Seasons festival is traditionally held in Perm every year.
- According to the survey held by Yandex as of 04.10.2017:
The longest street in Russia is the street located in Perm called Vostochny Obhod (The Eastern Bypass): it is 22.6 kilometers long.
There are 1414 streets in Perm, and 1408 street names.
Total length of all the streets in Perm makes 1,200 km.
The shortest street in Perm – Kalinovaya– is only 44 metres long.
Экзамен
по английскому языку в 10 классе 2019-2020 уч.год
Раздел
1. Чтение
I.Установите
соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8.
Занесите
свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один
раз. В
задании один заголовок лишний.
|
1. |
5. |
|
2. |
6. |
|
3. |
7. |
|
4. |
8. |
A.
The word
“Perm” first appeared in the 12th century in the Primary Chronicle,
the
main source describing the early history of the Russian people. The Perm
were
listed among the people who paid tribute to the Rus. The origin of the
word
“Perm” remains unclear. Most likely, the word came from the Finno-
Ugric
languages and meant “far land” or “flat, forested place”. But some local
residents
say it may have come from Per, a hero and the main character of
many
local legends.
B.
Novgorodian
traders were the first to show an interest in Perm. Starting from
the
15th century, the Muscovite princes included the area in their plans to
create
a unified Russian state. During this time the first Russian villages
appeared
in the northern part of the region. The first industry to appear in the
area
was a salt factory, which developed on the Usolka river in the city of
Solikamsk.
Rich salt reserves generated great interest on the part of Russia’s
wealthiest
merchants, some of whom bought land there.
C.
The history
of the modern city of Perm starts with the development of the Ural
region
by Tsar Peter the Great. Perm became the capital of the region in 1781
when
the territorial structure of the country was reformed. A special
commission
determined that the best place would be at the crossroads of the
Trans-Siberian
Railroad, which runs east-west and the Kazan line, which runs
north-south.
This choice resulted in Perm becoming a major trade and
industrial
centre. The city quickly grew to become one of the biggest in the
region.
D.
Perm
is generally stable and peaceful, so the shocks of 1917 did not reach it
right
away. Neither did they have the same bloody results as in Petrograd.
Perm
tried to distance itself from the excesses and did not share the enthusiasm
for
change of its neighbours. Residents supported more moderate parties. They
voted
for the establishment of a west European style democracy in Russia.
Unfortunately,
the city could not stay completely unaffected, as both the White
and the Red armies wanted its factories.
E.
Perm’s
desire for stability and self-control made the region seem like a
“swamp”
during the democratic reforms of the 1990s. Unlike other regions,
there
were no intense social conflicts or strikes. Nevertheless, Perm was always
among
the regions that supported the democratic movement. In the 1999
elections,
the party that wanted to continue the reforms won a majority in the
region.
So the city got an unofficial status of “the capital of civil society” or
even
“the capital of Russian liberalism”.
F.
During
the Second World War many factories were moved to Perm Oblast and
continued
to work there after it ended. Chemicals, non-ferrous metallurgy, and
oil
refining were the key industries after the war. Other factories produced
aircraft
engines, equipment for telephones, ships, bicycles, and cable. Perm
press
produces about 70 percent of Russia’s currency and stamped envelopes.
Nowadays
several major business companies are located in Perm. The biggest
players
of Russian aircraft industry are among them.
G.
Perm
has at least a dozen theatres featuring productions that are attracting
audiences
from faraway cities, and even from abroad. The broad esplanade
running
from the city’s main square has become the site of almost continuous
international
art, theatre and music fairs during the summer. Even the former
prison
camp with grim walls outside town was converted into a theater last July
for a production of “Fidelio”, Beethoven’s opera about
political
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
II. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями
предложений,
обозначенными
цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя.
Занесите
цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений,
в таблицу.
The
life of Pi
“The
Life of Pi” published in 2001 is the third book by the Canadian author
Yann
Martel. It has A_______________________, won several prizes and been
translated
into forty-one languages.
At the
start of the book, we B_______________________ in India. His
father
owns the city zoo and the family home is in the zoo. When they aren’t at
school,
Pi and his brother help their father at the zoo and he learns a lot about
animals.
When
Pi is sixteen, his parents decide to close the zoo and move to Canada.
They
travel by ship taking the animals with them. On the way, there is
C_______________________.
Sadly, Pi’s family and the sailors all die in the
storm,
but Pi lives and finds himself in a lifeboat with a hyena, zebra, orangutan
and an
enormous tiger. At first, Pi is scared of the animals and jumps into the
ocean.
Then he remembers there are sharks in the water and decides to climb back
into
the lifeboat. One by one, the animals in the lifeboat kill and eat each other,
till
only
Pi and the tiger are left alive. Luckily for Pi, there is
D_______________________,
but he soon needs to start catching fish. He feeds
the
tiger to stop it killing and eating him. He also uses a whistle and
E_______________________
and show it that he’s the boss.
Pi and
the tiger spend 227 days in the lifeboat. They live through terrible
storms
and the burning heat of the Pacific sun. They are often hungry and ill.
Finally,
they arrive at the coast of Mexico, but you will have to
F_______________________
in the end!
1.
read
the book to find out what happens
2.
some
food and water on the lifeboat
3.
his
knowledge of animals to control the tiger
4.
received
an award for being strong
5.
sold
seven million copies worldwide
6.
learn
about Pi’s childhood in Pondicherry
7.
a terrible storm and the ship sinks
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
III. Прочитайте
текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32–38. Эти
номера
соответствуют заданиям 32–38, в которых представлены
возможные
варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4,
соответствующую
выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Olivia
I never
took Olivia to the theatre, but it was there I met her. I 32 ______ the
habit
now of going every Saturday night, usually alone, sometimes with George. It
was
George who 33 ______ me to Olivia Nelson. She was an only child whose
father,
a cotton merchant, had died and left her all he had. She was not very
beautiful
but she was tall, very graceful, smartly dressed and 34 ______ me at
once.
Olivia got interested when George said that I was a novelist. Novelists were
not
too common in Cornwell then, though I believe they are now as numerous as
knights.
Olivia adored famous people. She was delighted to meet me. It turned
35 ______ that Olivia
had read my books, at least some of them and she liked
them.
She could 36 ______ intelligently about them. She praised them and
criticized
them with a good deal of common sense. She discussed new plays and
new
books with me. She developed a habit of being wherever I was to be found.
We had
a few meals together at restaurants, and I 37 ______ that I was dressing
with
unusual care.
She
was so excited and happy, so full of good conversation, that I was
charmed
and captivated by her company. But I couldn’t help thinking that
something
was wrong. There was no 38 ______ to think the worst. However, I
couldn’t
make myself propose to her.
32- 1)
formed 2) held 3) used 4) kept
33- 1)
represented 2) acquainted 3) introduced 4) familiarized
34- 1)
engaged 2) involved 3) attracted 4) Appealed
35- 1)
up 2) down 3) on 4) out
36- 1)
tell 2) talk 3) say 4) discuss
37- 1)
discovered 2) disclosed 3) revealed 4) determined
38- 1)
account 2) reason 3) matter 4) cause
Ответ:
|
32 |
33 |
34 |
35 |
36 |
37 |
38 |
II. Письмо
I.
You
have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Olivia who
writes:
… I
know it’s often cold in Russia in winter. What do you usually do not to catch a
cold?
What is a healthy lifestyle for you? How can you catch up with the class if
you
do fall ill?
My
cousins have come to stay with us for the weekend …
Write
a letter to Olivia.
In your
letter
– answer her
questions
– ask 3 questions
about her cousins
Write 100–140
words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
An early choice of
a career path is the key to success.
What
is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200–250
words.
Use
the following plan:
− make
an introduction (state the problem paraphrasing the given statement)
− express
your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion
− express
an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing opinion
− explain
why you do not agree with the opposing opinion
− make a conclusion restating your position
Раздел
3. Грамматика и лексика
Прочитайте
приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо,
слова,
напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных
номерами
19–25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали
содержанию
текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый
пропуск
соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–25.
The
Thorn Birds
The
Thorn Birds is
a 1977 bestselling novel by the Australian
author
Colin McCullough. The story gives
19__________________
information about life on Australian
sheep
stations, but it also includes a dramatic love story. WE
The
book __20________________ the writer international fame
as
soon as it was
published. BRING
In
1983 it was adapted into a TV miniseries
__21________________
Richard Chamberlain and Rachel Ward. STAR
GPS
functions
Car
GPS Tracking appears a lot in new vehicles, offering
drivers
tracking and navigation. Yet, the __22________________ LATE
inventions
are even more modern and sophisticated, offering
extra
opportunities to
people.
Smart
box technology is one example of how car GPS tracking
systems
__23________________ to lower car insurance. USE
If the
driver _24_________________ the rules, he gets a discount NOT BREAK
or an
insurance premium.
Without
doubt, this new technology
__25________________
popular among drivers very soon. BECOME
Прочитайте
приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных
заглавными
буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26–31,
однокоренные
слова, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически
соответствовали
содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами.
Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы
26–31.
Auckland
Auckland
is the largest and most populous city in New
26 Zealand.
The __________________ of Auckland is getting . POPULATE
close
to 1.4 million residents. POPULATE
27 It
is __________________ situated in the North Island of the
country,
between the Waitakere Ranges and the Hauraki Gulf. CONVENIENT
The
city enjoys an oceanic climate, which is
28__________________
to the climate in most of Europe. COMPARE
29 Nothing
can __________________ you about Auckland, which APPOINT
is why
it is a popular destination for numerous immigrants to
New
Zealand.
Expats
have an overall good experience when staying in
Auckland.
Most expats find it very easy to communicate with
30 the
locals, who are very __________________. FRIEND
Another
positive thing about Auckland is the amount of nature
and
free space, which is appreciated a lot, especially by those
31 coming
from more densely inhabited __________________. LOCATE