There are not many people in the world who have two multi coloured eyes егэ

10 klass ForwardВербицкая М. В. Forward. Английский язык для 10 класса. ЕГЭ

ЕГЭ Раздел 1. Аудирование

1. Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A-F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1-7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

C-1. I like having the best of both worlds. — Мне нравится иметь лучшее из обоих миров.
E-2. Life in the countryside is good for my health. — Жизнь в сельской местности хороша для моего здоровья.
B-3. I love the countryside, because life there is very peaceful. — Я люблю деревню, потому что жизнь там очень спокойная.
F-4. The beauty of nature makes living in the country enjoyable. — Красота природы делает жизнь в сельской местности приятной.
Extra-5. I love the countryside, because life there is good for my children. — Я люблю деревню, потому что жизнь там хороша для моих детей.
A-6. I enjoyed moving to a town where life is more comfortable. – Мне нравится ездить в город, где жизнь более комфортная.
D-7. I dislike living in the country, because I need human company. — Я не люблю жить в деревне, потому что мне нужна человеческая компания.

2. Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А-G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительный, ни отрицательный ответ (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

3-A John usually spends Christmas at his parents’ house. — Джон обычно проводит Рождество в доме своих родителей.
1-B Angela is rather pessimistic about her chances to get the job. — Анжела довольно пессимистична по поводу ее шансов получить работу.
2-C John considers Angela a workaholic. — Джон считает Анжелу трудоголиком.
2-D John is enthusiastic about Angela moving to Russia. — Джон с энтузиазмом относится к переезду Анжелы в Россию.
3-E Angela worked in an international company in Canada. — Анжела работала в международной компании в Канаде.
1-F John is more optimistic than Angela about her chances to get the job. — Джон более оптимистичен, чем Анжела о ее шансах получить работу.
3-G John is going to leave at 2 PM. — Джон собирается ехать в 2 часа дня.

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3-9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 7, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

3. Tony Stevens 2) watches his films once. — Тони Стивенс смотрел свои фильмы один раз.

4. What is the most important thing about writing for Tony Stevens? – Какая наиболее важная вещь о писательстве для Тони Стивенса?
1) Writing is NOT a team work like acting. – Писательство НЕ является командной работой как игра актеров (актерство).

5. Tony Stevens says that if, as a child, you are fascinated by a literary character, 2) you want to become that character. — Тони Стивенс говорит, что если, будучи ребенком, вы очарованы литературным персонажем, то вы хотите стать этим персонажем.

6. Tony Stevens wished he had had on the school curriculum 1) “Pickwick Papers” by Charles Dickens. — Тони Стивенсу хотелось, чтобы в его школьной программе было произведение «Записки Пиквикского клуба» Чарльза Диккенса.

7. What advice does he give to beginning writers? — Какой совет он дает начинающим писателям?
3) Go by your experience and write clearly. – Следовать своему опыту и писать ясно.

8. What is his present attitude to critical reviews? — Каково его настоящее отношение к критическим отзывам?
3) He pays no attention to them. — Он не обращает на них никакого внимания.

9. What made his career as an actor successful? — Что сделало его карьеру как актера успешной?
2) Determination and decisiveness. – Целеустремленность и решительность.

ЕГЭ Раздел 2. Чтение

10. Установите соответствие между текстами А-G и заголовками 1-8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

F-1. Beware of rabbits — Остерегайтесь кроликов
A-2. Exotic pets — Экзотические домашние животные
B-3. Saving animals – Спасение животных
G-4. Teaching and entertaining – Обучение и развлечение
Extra-5. Protecting pets — Защита домашних животных
D-6. Tender pets — Нежные домашние животные
C-7. What’s in a name? — Что в имени?
E-8. Contribution to science — Вклад в науку

A. Little is known for certain about how guinea pigs were first introduced to Europe and North America as a domestic pet, but they most probably came during the 16th century. Holland, Portugal and Spain had colonies in South America, and the explorers brought to Europe gold and precious gems, along with other unusual and exciting finds. Colourful parrots became very popular status symbols in the homes of the wealthy, and with them came the guinea pig and other animals previously unknown in Europe.

Мало что наверняка известно о том, как морские свинки впервые были ввезены в Европу и Северную Америку в качестве домашнего питомца, но они, скорее всего, появились в 16-м веке. Голландия, Португалия и Испания были колониями в Южной Америке, и исследователи привезли в Европу золото и драгоценные камни, наряду с другими необычными и захватывающими находками. Красочные попугаи стали очень популярными символами статуса в домах богатых, а вместе с ними привезли морскую свинку и других животных, ранее неизвестных в Европе.

B. Many species of wild animals are in danger of complete extinction. This is usually due to loss of habitat as a result of human expansion, or it could be due to excessive hunting. A good, modern zoo has a valuable role to play in assisting with the protection of endangered species. This is both through education of the general public in the importance of conservation in general, and through breeding programmes to increase the population of endangered species in captivity and then reintroduce them into the wild.

Многие виды диких животных находятся под угрозой полного исчезновения. Это, как правило, из-за потери среды обитания в результате человеческой экспансии, или это может быть из-за чрезмерной охоты. Хороший, современный зоопарк играет ценную роль в оказании помощи в защите исчезающих видов. Это происходит как за счет образования широкой общественности в важности сохранения в целом, а также посредством программ разведения для увеличения популяции исчезающих видов в неволе, а затем вновь выпускать их в дикую природу.

C. The guinea pig is today one of the world’s most popular pets, ranking only a little way behind the rabbit. Though called guinea pigs, these animals are not pigs, nor do they come from Guinea. Why Guinea, then? Some say they could have originally changed hands at the cost of a guinea (twenty-one shillings — very expensive!). As for the “pig”, an explanation is much easier to guess — they run and squeal much as little piglets do!

Морская свинка сегодня является одним из самых популярных домашних животных в мире, лишь немного отстает от кролика. Хотя они и называются морскими свинками, эти животные не являются свиньями, и они не из Гвинеи. Почему тогда Гвинея? Некоторые говорят, что они первоначально были названы по стоимости «guinea» (двадцать один шиллинг — очень дорого). Что касается «свинка», объяснение гораздо проще угадать — они бегают и визжат как маленькие поросята!

D. Rabbits are among the most popular pets to keep due to their affectionate nature and love of cuddles. To show they are happy, they often grind their teeth softly when being petted, similar to cats purring. In general, rabbits are timid, non-aggressive and sociable with each other. With gentle handling they are generally quite tame. They are playful and entertaining to watch, but they need a great deal of interaction with their owners. Their cage should be relatively big, but they need some playtime outside it as well.

Кролики являются одними из самых популярных домашних животных, которых держат из-за их ласковой природы и любви объятий. Чтобы показать, что они счастливы, они часто скрипят зубами, когда их мягко поглаживаешь, похожие на кошачье мурлыканье. В общем, кролики пугливые, неагрессивные и общительные друг с другом. При бережном обращении они, как правило, совсем ручные. Они игривы и за ними интересно наблюдать, но они нуждаются во взаимодействии с их владельцами. Их клетка должна быть относительно большой, но им также нужно играть и за ее пределами.

E. For a long time guinea pigs were used as experimental animals. In 1890, the antitoxin for diphtheria was discovered using guinea pigs in the research, and as a result the lives of millions of children have been saved. In 1907 vitamin С was discovered due to guinea pigs. Like humans they cannot produce the vitamin and need it supplied in their diet. The guinea pig’s wide variety of hair types and colours has also made them a prime choice for studies of genetics and heredity. Later they were replaced by rats and mice.

Долгое время морских свинок использовали в качестве экспериментальных животных. В 1890 году антитоксин дифтерии был обнаружен с использованием морских свинок в исследованиях, и в результате жизни миллионов детей были спасены. В 1907 Витамин С был обнаружен из-за морских свинок. Как и люди, они не могут производить витамин и нужно, чтобы он присутствовал в их рационе. Широкое разнообразие морских свинок по типу шерсти и цвету также сделало их основным выбором для изучения генетики и наследственности. Позже они были заменены на крыс и мышей.

F. Security at Denver International Airport tries to protect cars from vandalism and theft, but there’s a new threat at its expansive parking lot. Ravenous rabbits. The animals are causing hundreds and sometimes thousands of dollars in damage to cars by devouring the wires under the hood. At least 100 rabbits are removed every month, but the problem persists. The airport is surrounded by prairie, and the rabbits are seeking warmth and food in the parked vehicles.

Служба безопасности в международном аэропорту Денвера пытается защитить автомобили от вандализма и кражи, но есть новая угроза на открытой стоянке. Прожорливые кролики. Животные наносят ущерб в сотни, а иногда и тысячи долларов, в виде повреждения автомобилей, пожирая провода под капотом. По крайней мере, 100 кроликов, удаляются каждый месяц, но проблема не решена. Аэропорт окружен прерией, и кролики ищут тепло и еду в припаркованных транспортных средствах.

G. Our mission at Wild Adventures Zoo is to bring family entertainment back to Las Vegas, in an educational manner. Teaching respect for animals through hands-on applications, workshops and conservation efforts, as well as helping injured and abandoned wildlife and exotic pets, is the reason Wild Adventures Zoo was created. Our focus is on educating the public through fun and exciting activities that allow them to interact with the animals.

Наша миссия в зоопарке Уайлд Эдвенчерс принести развлечение для всей семьи обратно в Лас-Вегас, в образовательной манере. Обучение уважению к животным через практическое применение, мастерские и семинары по сохранению, а также помощь раненым и брошенным диким и экзотическим животным, это и есть причины создания зоопарка Уайлд Эдвенчерс. Наше внимание сосредоточено на просвещение общественности с помощью увлекательных и интересных мероприятий, которые позволяют им взаимодействовать с животными.

11. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски А-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

Father’s Day
Father’s Day has been celebrated for over 100 years. It is also an event celebrated in many countries around the world, A 3. although at different times of the year. In North America and the United Kingdom, Father’s Day is celebrated on the third Sunday in June. Here are some tips to help you В 7. celebrate Father’s Day in a special way. Use this opportunity to get everyone in the family together for a day of fun. You don’t have to stay at home; you could go to the beach, a local park, one of dad’s favourite places!
Having a picnic during the summer months can be entertaining and a blast for the entire family. It’s a great boredom buster, but it also helps the family to get together and С 2. eat some delicious food and play fun games. It doesn’t take more than a picnic basket and a few food items. Among the healthier items good for a picnic there are apples, a watermelon, celery, and raisins, to name a few. Ask other members of the family to D5. help you choose some of their favourite food items that they’d like to have. You need to realize that it acts as glue for family bonds.
When it comes to making gifts for Father’s Day, perhaps steer clear of the E 6. traditional store-bought gifts of tie and socks. He has probably still got last year’s socks stuffed at the back of a drawer. Expensive gifts are not necessary, but the time and F 1. effort you put in to create a personalized present will be deeply appreciated.

Extra — 4. give advice on the best spot for the picnic – дать совет о лучшем месте для пикника

День отца
День отца отмечается уже более 100 лет. Кроме того, это событие отмечается во многих странах по всему миру, хотя в разное время года. В Северной Америке и Соединенном Королевстве, День отца празднуется в третье воскресенье июня. Вот несколько советов, которые помогут вам отметить День отца особым образом. Используйте эту возможность, чтобы собраться вместе всей семьей и повеселиться. Вы не должны оставаться дома; вы могли бы пойти на пляж, местный парк, в одно из самых любимых мест папы!
Устроить пикник в летние месяцы может быть интересным и является глотком свежего воздуха для всей семьи. Это отличный способ борьбы со скукой, но также помогает семье собраться вместе и поесть вкусной еды и поиграть в веселые игры. Не потребуется ничего больше, чем корзина для пикника и несколько продуктов питания. Среди здоровых продуктов хороших для пикника есть яблоки, арбуз, сельдерей, и изюм, вот всего несколько. Попросите у других членов семьи помочь вам выбрать некоторые из их любимых продуктов питания, которые они хотели бы иметь. Вы должны понимать, что оно действует как клей для семейных уз.
Когда дело доходит до дарения подарков на День отца, возможно, лучше держаться подальше от традиционных купленных в магазине подарков, таких как галстук и носки. У него, вероятно, все еще есть носки, подаренные в прошлом году в задней части ящика. Дорогие подарки не нужны, но время и усилия, которые вы приложили для создания персонального подарка, будут высоко оценены.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12-18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Have you ever thought about cities of the future? Clean streets, flying cars and robots doing all the work? Almost half of the world’s population currently lives in cities, and by 2050 that is predicted to increase to 75%, but what kind of city will they be living in? Today, most city dwellers are dissatisfied because they have to live in overcrowded and polluted surroundings. Traffic jams are getting worse, queues longer, power cuts more common, bad air quality more threatening to human health.
There are various ideas about how a future city should look. Some of these revolve around the idea that better means greener. Experts predict carbon-neutral cities full of electric vehicles and bike-sharing schemes, with air quality so much improved that office workers can actually open their windows for the first time. Visions of a green city often include skyscrapers where living and office space comprises high-rise green-houses and vegetables growing on the roofs. Behind such greenification of cities lies a very pressing need.
Technology companies such as IBM believe that the best cities will become networks. In Rio de Janeiro, for example, IBM has already built an operations centre, which it describes as the “nerve centre” of the city. (отрывок из текста)

Вы когда-нибудь думали о городах будущего? Чистые улицы, летающие автомобили и роботы делают всю работу? Почти половина населения земного шара в настоящее время живет в городах, и по прогнозам к 2050 году увеличится до 75%, но, в каком городе они будут жить? В настоящее время большинство городских жителей недовольны, потому что они должны жить в перенаселенной и загрязненной среде. Пробки на дорогах становятся все хуже, очереди больше, отключения электроэнергии чаще, плохое качество воздуха представляет более серьезную угрозу для здоровья человека.
Есть различные идеи о том, как будущий город должен выглядеть. Некоторые из них вращаются вокруг идеи о том, что лучшее означает зеленее. Эксперты прогнозируют углерод-нейтральные города, полные электрических транспортных средств и схем движения велосипедистов, с качеством воздуха настолько улучшенным, что офисные работники могут фактически открыть свои окна в первый раз. Видения зеленого города часто включают в себя небоскребы, где жилые и офисные помещения включает в себя многоэтажные парники и теплицы, расположенные на крышах. За таким озеленением городов лежит очень острая необходимость.
Технологические компании, такие как IBM считают, что лучшие города станут электронными сообществами. В Рио-де-Жанейро, например, IBM уже построила центр управления, который она описывает как «нервный центр» города. Построенный изначально, чтобы помочь справиться с наводнениями, которые регулярно ставят под угрозу город, теперь он координирует 30 правительственных учреждений. Каждый человек с мобильным телефоном соединен с операционным центром. Оперативный центр отправляет сообщения на мобильные телефоны граждан и предоставляет информацию о потенциальных авариях, пробках и других обновлениях города.
Тот факт, что крупные корпорации стали настолько активно участвовать в проектировании городской инфраструктуры натолкнул критиков на вопрос, как быстро такой город может, как компьютерные системы, на которые они полагаются, стать устаревшими. Компьютеры и другие гаджеты обновляются все время, новые модели появляются два раза в год. Параллель также можно провести с офисными зданиями шестидесятых годов, которые могут быть описаны как места с низкими потолками стоящие грустные и пустые, так как передовые технологии посчитали их бесполезными.
Большинство проектов IBM обязуется привлекать сбор данных. Компания работает в тесном контакте с общественными группами, а также городскими советами. В штате Айова корпорация завершила проект, где домашним хозяйствам была предоставлена информация об их потреблении воды. Большинство быстро отреагировали и сэкономили воду при столкновении с данными. Интересно, что те, кто получил информацию о потреблении воды своих соседей, в два раза чаще вносили изменения.
Города имеют возможность предоставления чего-то для всех, только потому, и только тогда, когда они созданы всеми. Тем, кто строит города будущего, следует обратить внимание на эти советы.

12. Which of these problems of modern cities are NOT mentioned in paragraph 1? — Какие из этих проблем современных городов не упоминаются в пункте 1?
3) Water pollution — Загрязнение воды

13. The word “greenification” in paragraph 2 means… — Слово «озеленение» в пункте 2 означает
3) gardens on top of buildings — сады на крышах зданий

14. The pronoun “it” in sentence 3 of paragraph 3 refers to… — Местоимение «она» в предложении 3 пункта 3 относится к
1) the IBM company. — компания IBM.

15. What is the purpose of Rio de Janeiro’s operations centre? — Какова цель оперативного центра Рио-де-Жанейро?
1) To inform citizens on traffic density and emergency situations. — информировать граждан о плотности дорожного движения и чрезвычайных ситуациях.

16. Why does the author draw a parallel between the offices of the 60s and the cities of tomorrow? — Почему автор проводит параллель между офисами 60-х и городами завтрашнего дня?
2) To demonstrate the speed of progress. — Для того, чтобы продемонстрировать скорость прогресса.

17. How can access to information influence the behaviour of citizens? — Каким образом может доступ к информации влиять на поведение граждан?
3) They change their habits. — Они меняют свои привычки.

18. Choose the best title for the text. — Выберите лучший заголовок для текста.
2) A City of the Future — Город будущего

ЕГЭ Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика

Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19-25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содер¬жанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый про¬пуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19-25.

Around the world: the Seychelles
Welcome to the Seychelles! This is an archipelago of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean. It’s not difficult to find a good tourist spot in the Seychelles. It’s difficult to say which of them is the 19) best.
As the Seychelles islands have a year-long warm, tropical climate, it’s always a good time to visit, although different times of year may be better suited to your particular interests. People interested in 20) diving can make a visit to Denis Island.
Families with 21) children should visit St Anne National Marine Park and the famous beaches.

По всему миру: Сейшельские острова
Добро пожаловать на Сейшелы! Это архипелаг из 115 островов в Индийском океане. Не трудно найти хорошее туристическое место в Сейшельских островах. Трудно сказать, какое из них является лучшим.
Поскольку Сейшельские острова имеют круглый год теплый, тропический климат, то это всегда хорошее время для посещения, хотя разные времена года могут лучше всего подходить для ваших конкретных интересов. Люди, заинтересованные дайвингом могут посетить Денис Айлэнд.
Семьи с детьми должны посетить Национальный морской парк Санкт-Энн и знаменитые пляжи.

Happy New Year
It was an exam before Christmas. One of the students 22) didn’t know how to answer the question.
He was trying hard, but couldn’t remember a single word from the textbook. So he 23) wrote, “God knows! I don’t. Merry Christmas!”
Some time 24) later, just before the New Year, the examination papers came back.
The student saw that the professor 25) had written on his paper, “God gets 100, you get 0. Happy New Year!”

С новым годом
Это был экзамен перед Рождеством. Один из студентов не знал, как ответить на вопрос.
Он изо всех сил старался, но не мог вспомнить ни одного слова из учебника. Таким образом, он написал: «Бог знает! Я нет. Счастливого Рождества!»
Через некоторое время, незадолго до Нового года, пришли экзаменационные работы.
Студент увидел, что профессор написал на его работе, «Бог получает 100, вы получаете 0. С Новым годом!»

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26-31, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26-31.

The history of radio
Radio started with the discovery of “radio waves”. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves that can transmit music, speech, pictures and other data 26) invisibly through the air.
Many devices work by using electromagnetic waves, including radio, microwaves, cordless phones, remote controlled toys, television broadcasts, and more.
During the 1860s, Scottish physicist, J.C. Maxwell predicted the 27) existence of radio waves.
In 1886, German 28) scientist, H.R. Hertz demonstrated that rapid variations of electric current could be projected into space in the form of radio waves.
G. Marconi, an Italian 29) inventor, sent and received his first radio signal in Italy in 1895.
By 1899 he flashed the first 30) wireless signal across the English Channel and two years later received the letter “S”, telegraphed from England to Newfoundland.
This was the first 31) successful transatlantic radiotelegraph message.

История радио
Радио началось с открытия «радиоволн». Радиоволны представляют собой электромагнитные волны, которые могут передавать музыку, речь, изображения и другие данные незримо через воздух.
Многие устройства работают с помощью электромагнитных волн, в том числе радио, микроволновые печи, беспроводные телефоны, игрушки с дистанционным управлением, телевизионные передачи и многое другое.
В течение 1860-х годов, шотландский физик, Дж. К. Максвелл предсказал существование радиоволн.
В 1886 году, немецкий ученый, Г. Р. Герц показал, что быстрые изменения электрического тока могут быть спроецированы в космическое пространство в виде радиоволн.
Г. Маркони, итальянский изобретатель, послал и получил свой первый радиосигнал в Италии в 1895 году.
К 1899 году он отправил первый беспроводной сигнал через Ла-Манш и два года спустя получил букву «S», телеграфированную из Англии в Ньюфаундленд.
Это было первое успешное трансатлантическое радиотелеграфное сообщение.

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32-38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32-38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа.

Tests and test-takers
You don’t have to be a psychologist to guess how students are feeling during a test or an exam. Just by observing their body language you can tell whether they will pass or 32) fail.
Just before the test starts, they will often 33) tell silly things and try nervously to hide their nervousness. A little tension or stress before and during a test is normal. When the examinees get their papers, some of them will 34) smile to themselves — a sure sign they know the answers. 35) However, if they feel the exam is hard, you may hear how disappointed they are or see how annoyed they are when they frown. Some will try to glance quickly at their neighbours’ tests, and some will yawn to pretend that they are bored or tired, while, in fact, they are just waiting for the teacher to turn 36) away so that one of their mates can quietly 37) whisper the answers to them. When they finish, some will immediately dash out as if they were desperate to check their answers in their course book, while others will 38) stroll out slowly, relaxed and sure they have passed.

Тесты и тестируемые
Вам не нужно быть психологом, чтобы догадаться, как студенты чувствуют себя во время теста или экзамена. Просто наблюдая за языком их тела, вы можете сказать, сдадут они, или по терпят неудачу.
Как раз перед началом теста, они часто говорят глупые вещи и пытаются нервно скрыть свою нервозность. Небольшое напряжение или стресс до и во время теста нормально. Когда испытуемые получают свои задания, некоторые из них будут улыбаться себе — верный признак того, что они знают ответы. Тем не менее, если они чувствуют, что экзамен трудный, вы можете услышать, как они разочарованы или увидеть, как они раздражены, когда они хмурятся. Некоторые из них будут пытаться заглянуть быстро в тест своих соседей, а некоторые будут зевать, делая вид, что им скучно или они устали, в то время как, на самом деле, они просто ждут, когда учитель отвернется, чтобы один из их товарищей смог спокойно прошептать им ответы. Когда они заканчивают, некоторые из них немедленно выскакивают, словно они спешат проверить свои ответы в учебнике, в то время как другие выходят неторопливо, спокойные и уверенные, что они сдали.

ЕГЭ Раздел 4. Письмо

Для ответов на задания 39 и 40 используйте бланк ответов № 2. Черновые пометки могут делаться прямо на листе с заданиями, или можно использовать отдельный черновик. При выполнении заданий 39 и 40 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в бланке ответов № 2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются. Запишите сначала номер задания (39, 40), а затем ответ на него. Если одной стороны бланка недостаточно, Вы можете использовать другую его сторону.

39. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Tom who writes — Вы получили письмо от англоговорящего друга по переписке Тома, который пишет:

…This summer we are again going to Brighton. I wish I could go abroad to France or Spain — I have never been abroad. How do you usually spend your summer holidays? If you won a trip abroad, what country would you like to visit and what would you like to see there? How would you like to get there?
By the way, my sister is getting married in the autumn…
Write a letter to Tom.
In your letter
— answer his questions
— ask 3 questions about his sister
Write 100-140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.

Этим летом мы снова собираемся в Брайтон. Я хотел бы поехать за границу во Францию или Испанию — я никогда не был за границей. Как ты обычно проводишь свой летний отпуск? Если бы ты выиграл поездку за границу, какую страну ты хотел бы посетить и что ты хотел бы увидеть там? Как бы ты хотел туда попасть?
Кстати, моя сестра выходит замуж осенью …
Напишите письмо Тому.
В своем письме
— ответьте на его вопросы
— задайте 3 вопроса о его сестре
Напишите 100-140 слов.
Помните правила письма.

40. Comment on the following statement. – Прокомментируйте следующее утверждение.

There are no bad students — there are bad teachers. — Нет плохих учеников — есть плохие учителя.

What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement? — Каково ваше мнение? Согласны ли вы с этим утверждением?
Write 200-250 words. — Напишите 200-250 слов.

Use the following plan — Используйте следующий план:
— make an introduction (state the problem) — введение (постановка задачи)
— express your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion — выскажите свое личное мнение и дайте 2-3 причины за ваше мнение
— express an opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasons for this opposing opinion – выразите противоположное мнение и дайте 1-2 причины для этого мнения
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion — Объясните, почему вы не согласны с противоположным мнением
— make a conclusion restating your position – сделайте вывод подтверждающий вашу позицию

Установите соответствие тем 1 — 8 текстам A — G. Занесите свои ответы в соответствующее поле справа. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

1. A good source of information

2. Increasing the accessibility

3. The revival of letter writing

4. A beautiful tradition lost

5. Making it quick and efficient

6. The victory of technology

7. As an art form

8. Writing material evolution

A. There is something pleasant about receiving a handwritten letter from a friend. It is also very enjoyable to write a letter — choosing the paper and envelope, writing with a favourite pen, and the satisfying closure of licking the envelope and putting on a stamp. Unfortunately, since the widespread use of email, not many people write and send letters any more. The history of letter writing, however, is very interesting.

B. Before the invention of the postal service, letters were delivered on foot by couriers. The ancient Greeks used athletic runners for that. Later, horses were used because they were faster and could be changed at various stations. The Romans developed this system into a postal service. The Latin word ‘positus’ meant carriers, and that is where the English word ‘post’ comes from.

C. The material of letter writing has changed over time. Originally, people wrote on clay tablets. Later the Egyptians started using papyrus, a plant that grows in the river. The English word ‘paper’ comes from this plant. In the West, paper was produced from animal skins. In medieval times, the Saxons used the bark of the beech tree, called bok. This is where the English word ‘book’ comes from.

D. Literacy has had a big effect on letter writing: if you can’t read you can’t write letters! Before the 15,h century letter writing was restricted to governments, the church, and the aristocracy. After the invention of the printing press that made books cheaper, literacy was greatly increased. Ordinary people started writing letters and it became the most popular and the only way of long distance communication until the invention of the telegraph in 1837.

E. Much of what we know of the lives of people long dead comes from personal letters. Certainly books have provided historical information about the Ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, but much of what we know of daily life from these periods comes from letters. Modem biographers get most of their information about the famous people they are writing about from their correspondence.

F. In the 18th and 19th centuries, letter writing was considered an art and essential part of life. People wrote not only to keep in touch but also as a method of literary expression, as a work of art, and conformed to conventions of etiquette and form. Literary figures wrote letters knowing that they would be read in the future by historians, and one day might be published. There were even novels consisting of a series of letters, known as the epistolary novel.

G. Even after the telephone became a common fixture in homes, people continued to write letters. What killed the letter was the widespread use of email, and the development of texting and chatting on social media. This type of communication holds many advantages. You don’t need to worry about finding paper, envelopes, stamps, and going to the mailbox. It is also possible to get an instant reply.

Раздел 1. АУДИРОВАНИЕ

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A—F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1—7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

2

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А—G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

A The Armoury is situated near the Kremlin.

B Originally the Kremlin was wooden.

C New walls and towers of red brick were built in the 15th century.

D The Trinity Gate leads to Red Square.

E The monument to Minin and Pozharsky is the oldest in Moscow.

F The monument to Alexander Pushkin is not far from the monument to Yuri Dolgoruky.

G You can watch ballets in the Maly Theatre.

Утверждение

Соответствие диалогу

Вы услышите интервью с автором детективных романов. В заданиях 3—9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

3

Which benefit of trees has not been mentioned by the speaker?
1) Protection from flooding.
2) Protection from the sun’s rays.
3) Protection from precipitation.
Ответ: .

4

The smell of pines in the forest is the result of trees releasing

1) oxygen.

2) carbon dioxide.

3) other gasses.

Ответ: .

5

Scientists want to study how
1) gasses are released by trees into the atmosphere.
2) organic compounds form tiny particles.
3) these particles influence the climate.
Ответ: .

6

Cloud droplets are unable to

1) absorb solar radiation.

2) reflect solar radiation.

3) scatter solar radiation.

Ответ: .

7

According to scientists, cloud droplets influence

1) the size of the cloud.

2) the colour of the cloud.

3) the movement of the cloud.

Ответ: .

8

The actual formation of the clouds is governed
1) only by the formation of cloud droplets.
2) primarily by the formation of cloud droplets.
3) by several different processes.
Ответ: .

9

A new way of addressing the problem of global warming is by reducing the amount of
1) greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere.
2) the sun’s radiation getting through the atmosphere.
3) the sun’s radiation reflected by the clouds.
Ответ: .

Раздел 2. ЧТЕНИЕ

10

Установите соответствие между заголовками 1—8 и текстами A—G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. Exotic Pets
2. Going Back in Time
3. Small Screen Addiction
4. Body Language

5. Massive Destruction
6. Buried Treasure
7. Reason for Extinction
8. Intelligent Enemies

A. The VLT (Very Large Telescope) is the world’s largest telescope and it is taking scientists further back to the Big Bang than they ever thought possible. In other words, the VLT is a kind of a time machine, giving astronomers detailed views of events that took place in the earliest days of the cosmos. One day, we will have a much clearer picture of how our planet was born.

B. The latest development in the debate amongst scientists about what killed the prehistoric dinosaurs is the suggestion that acid rain was the cause. Some geologists suggest that a large meteor hitting the earth at 65 kilometres per second would have led to strongly acidic rain falling all over the world. This idea is fascinating but it would mean the dinosaurs would all have died within a very short time.

C. In 1948, a British farmer discovered an interesting lump of metal while ploughing his field. At first he thought the metal bits were parts of an old bed. Then more ‘parts of old beds’ turned up and the farmer took them to the local museum. ‘But these bits are priceless!’ exclaimed the keeper of the museum. ‘They are Iron Age jewellery and coins!’ Over the next 40 years, more and more items were found in the same field.

D. Rats may have had a bit of a hard time over the years but these days lots of people are forgetting about guinea-pigs and hamsters and are buying rats instead. Domestic rats aren’t the same as the ones that run around rubbish bins — they’re actually quite cute. They are very intelligent and can be trained like dogs. They come in different colours and — a big bonus — they will eat anything!

E. In Western cultures, people look each other in the eye during a conversation to show interest and trust, but in many Asian countries, it’s rude to look people in the eye, especially a superior such as a teacher. One of the most basic and powerful signals is when a person crosses his or her arms across the chest. This can indicate that a person is putting up an unconscious barrier between themselves and others.

F. Earthquakes happen all the time in all parts of the world but we don’t notice most of them because they are small. However, big earthquakes are really dangerous. They can make buildings fall down, set off landslides and do other deadly things. The highest death toll caused by an earthquake was in China in 1556, when at least 830,000 people died.

G. According to scientists, Americans watch more TV on average than any other nationality. In fact, many people, particularly children, sit for 35 hours or more per week glued to the box. What’s wrong with watching all that TV? Studies have linked it to everything from obesity to aggression in children not to mention that it puts your mind into a sort of sedated state. Habitual television watching, over long periods of time, has been known to cause depression, and anger.

11

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A—F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

The Man Booker Prize for Fiction is awarded every year for the best original full-length novel written by a writer from the Commonwealth or the Republic of Ireland. It aims to represent the greatest in contemporary literature and promotes the finest in fiction by rewarding the best book of the year. The prize was originally called the Booker-McConnell Prize, A ____________. However, it was better-known as simply the ‘Booker Prize’. In 2002, the Man Group became the sponsor and they chose the new name, keeping ‘Booker’.

Publishers can submit books for consideration for the prize, but the judges can also ask for books to be submitted B ____________. Firstly, the Advisory Committee gives advice if there have been any changes to the rules for the prize. Then it selects the people C ____________. The judging panel changes every year and usually a person is only a judge once.

Great efforts are made to ensure that the judging panel is balanced in terms of gender and professions within the industry. A writer, a critic, an editor and an academic are chosen along with a well-known person from wider society. However, when the panel of judges has been finalized, they are left to make their own decisions D ____________. The Man Booker judges include critics, writers and academics E ____________. The influence of the prize is so great that the winner will almost certainly see the considerable sales increase, in addition to the £50,000 F ____________. In 1992, a Booker Russian Novel Prize was introduced.

  1. without any further interference from the prize sponsor
  2. so as to maintain the consistent quality of the prize
  3. who will judge the books
  4. so as to sell them
  5. which was the name of the company that sponsored it
  6. that comes with the prize
  7. they think should be included

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

‘Have you written a letter to the Froplinsons?’ asked Egbert.

‘No,’ said Janetta, with a note of tired defiance in her voice; ‘I’ve written eleven letters today expressing surprise and gratitude for sundry unmerited gifts, but I haven’t written to the Froplinsons yet.’

‘Someone will have to do it,’ said Egbert.

‘I don’t dispute the necessity, but I don’t think that someone should be me,’ said Janetta. ‘I wouldn’t mind writing a letter of angry recrimination or heartless satire to some suitable recipient. In fact, I should rather enjoy it, but I’ve come to the end of my capacity for expressing servile amiability. Eleven letters today and nine yesterday, all couched in the same strain of ecstatic thankfulness: really, you can’t expect me to sit down to another. There is such a thing as writing oneself out.’

‘I’ve written nearly as many,’ said Egbert, ‘and I’ve had my usual business correspondence to get through, too. Besides, I don’t know what it was that the Froplinsons sent us.’ ‘A William the Conqueror calendar,’ said Janetta, ‘with a quotation of one of his great thoughts for every day in the year.’

‘Impossible,’ said Egbert; ‘he didn’t have three hundred and sixty-five thoughts in the whole of his life, or, if he did, he kept them to himself.’

‘Well, it was William Wordsworth, then,’ said Janetta; ‘I know William came into it somewhere.’

‘That sounds more probable,’ said Egbert; ‘well, let’s collaborate on this letter and get it done. I’ll dictate, and you can scribble it down. ‘Dear Mrs. Froplinson, thank you and your husband so much for the very pretty calendar you sent us. It was very good of you to think of us.’ ’

‘You can’t possibly say that,’ said Janetta, laying down her pen. ‘We sent them something on the twenty-second,’ said Janetta, ‘so they simply had to think of us. There was no getting away from it.’

‘What did we send them?’ asked Egbert gloomily.

‘Bridge-markers,’ said Janetta, ‘in a cardboard case, with some inanity about ‘digging for fortune with a royal spade’ emblazoned on the cover. The moment I saw it in the shop I said to myself ‘Froplinsons’ and to the attendant ‘How much?’ When he said ‘Ninepence,’ I gave him their address, jabbed our card in, paid tenpence or elevenpence to cover the postage, and thanked heaven. With less sincerity and infinitely more trouble they eventually thanked me.’

‘The Froplinsons don’t play bridge,’ said Egbert.

‘One is not supposed to notice social deformities of that sort,’ said Janetta; ‘it wouldn’t be polite. Besides, what trouble did they take to find out whether we read Wordsworth with gladness? For all they knew or cared we might be frantically embedded in the belief that all poetry begins and ends with John Masefield, and it might infuriate or depress us to have a daily sample of Wordsworthian products flung at us.’

‘Well, let’s get on with the letter,’ said Egbert. ‘How clever of you to guess that Wordsworth is our favourite poet.’

Again Janetta laid down her pen.

‘Do you realise what that means?’ she asked; ‘a Wordsworth booklet next Christmas, and another calendar the Christmas after, with the same problem of having to write suitable letters of thankfulness. No, the best thing to do is to drop all further allusion to the calendar and switch off on to some other topic.’

‘But what other topic?’

‘Oh, something like this: ‘What do you think of the New Year Honours List? A friend of ours made such a clever remark when he read it.’ Then you can stick in any remark that comes into your head; it needn’t be clever. The Froplinsons won’t know whether it is or isn’t.’

‘We don’t even know on which side they are in politics,’ objected Egbert; ‘and anyhow you can’t suddenly dismiss the subject of the calendar. Surely there must be some intelligent remark that can be made about it.’

‘Well, we can’t think of one,’ said Janetta wearily; ‘the fact is, we’ve both written ourselves out.’

There was a long silence, the forlorn silence of those who are bereft of hope and have almost ceased to care. Then Egbert started from his seat with an air of resolution. The light of battle was in his eyes.

‘Let me come to the writing-table,’ he exclaimed; ‘I’m going to write to the editor of every enlightened and influential newspaper in the Kingdom, I’m going to suggest that there should be a sort of epistolary Truce of God during the festivities of Christmas and New Year. From the twenty-fourth of December to the third or fourth of January it shall be considered an offence against good sense and good feeling to write or expect any letter or communication that does not deal with the necessary events of the moment. Answers to invitations, arrangements about trains, renewal of club subscriptions, and, of course, all the ordinary everyday affairs of business, sickness, engaging new cooks, and so forth, these will be dealt with in the usual manner as something inevitable. But all the devastating accretions of correspondence, incident to the festive season, these should be swept away to give the season a chance of being really festive.’

‘But you would have to make some acknowledgment of presents received,’ objected Janetta; ‘otherwise people would never know whether they had arrived safely.’

‘Of course, I have thought of that,’ said Egbert; ‘every present that was sent off would be accompanied by a ticket bearing the date of dispatch and the signature of the sender, and some conventional hieroglyphic to show that it was intended to be a Christmas or New Year gift; there would be a counterfoil with space for the recipient’s name and the date of arrival, and all you would have to do would be to sign and date the counterfoil, add a conventional hieroglyphic indicating heartfelt thanks and gratified surprise, put the thing into an envelope and post it.’

‘It sounds delightfully simple,’ said Janetta wistfully, ‘but people would consider it too perfunctory.’

‘It is not a bit more perfunctory than the present system,’ said Egbert; ‘I have only the same conventional language of gratitude at my disposal with which to thank dear old Colonel Chuttle for his perfectly delicious Stilton, which we shall devour to the last morsel, and the Froplinsons for their calendar, which we shall never look at. So you see the present system of acknowledgment is just as perfunctory and conventional as the counterfoil business would be, only ten times more tiresome and brain-racking.’

‘Your plan would certainly bring the idea of a Happy Christmas a step nearer realisation,’ said Janetta. ‘Meanwhile, what am I to say to the Froplinsons?’

(Adapted from ‘Down Pens’ by H. H. Munro)

12

Egbert and Janetta were writing

1) application letters.
2) thank-you letters.

3) letters of recrimination.
4) letters of complaint.

Ответ: .

13

Egbert and Janetta didn’t want to write a letter to the Froplinsons because they
1) had both written themselves out.
2) didn’t like this couple.
3) didn’t know what the Froplinsons had sent them.
4) had a lot of work to do.
Ответ: .

14

Janetta liked her present to the Froplinsons because it was

1) expensive and useless.
2) cheap and useless.

3) expensive and useful.
4) cheap and useful.

Ответ: .

15

Janetta didn’t want to mention that Wordsworth was their favourite poet because
1) she actually didn’t like his poems.
2) her favourite poet was John Masefield.
3) the Froplinsons would send them new Wordsworth-related presents.
4) she didn’t want the Froplinsons to know the truth.
Ответ: .

16

Janetta considered the Froplisons to be

1) stupid.

2) clever.

3) kind.

4) mean.

Ответ: .

17

Egbert suggested that at Christmas people should
1) stop writing letters at all.
2) put off all the everyday affairs of business.
3) not make any acknowledgment of received presents.
4) send counterfoils instead of thank-you letters.
Ответ: .

18

Janetta considered a new system

1) absolutely impossible.
2) too perfunctory.

3) easy to implement.
4) totally unacceptable.

Ответ: .

Раздел 3. ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19—25.

Обратите внимание, что по правилам ЕГЭ ответы нужно писать без пробелов и других знаков, например, правильный ответ ‘have done’ нужно будет записать как ‘havedone’, иначе ваш ответ не засчитается.

Swimming Pools

19

The first heated swimming pool by Gaius Maecenas of Rome in the first century BC.

CON-
STRUCT

20

Swimming pools became popular in Britain in the beginning of the 19th century. By 1837, London authorities six indoor pools with diving boards.

BUILD

21

The surviving swimming club in the world is the Arlington Baths Club in Glasgow. It is still an active club and continues to own its original Victorian building with a large pool.

OLD

22

After the start of modern Olympic Games in 1896, the popularity of swimming pools off. Nowadays there are lots of different swimming pools, both public and private.

TAKE

23

Most enjoy swimming and swimming pools with their wave-making machines, water slides and tropical vegetation are something unique for them.

CHILD

24

If they could, kids to spend their entire summer in the swimming pool.

CHOOSE

25

However, not everyone their own backyard pool.

HAVE

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26—31, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26—31.

Waste Management

26

Waste affects our environment — everything that surrounds us including the air, water, land, plants, and man-made things. We need a healthy environment for our own health and .

HAPPY

27

The waste we create has to be controlled to be sure that it does not harm our environment and our health.

CAREFUL

28

So waste management is very important.

EFFECT

29

Waste reduction and recycling have a wide range of environmental benefits and promote public awareness and personal for the waste we create.

RESPON-
SIBLE

30

The best place to start making a is our home. Learn how you can reduce, reuse, and recycle materials to decrease household waste.

DIFFER

31

If we recycle what we can’t use any more, we save resources because the materials replace some of the natural resources including water and energy, which we use to make new products.

RECYCLE

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32—38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32—38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Globalization and Communication Growth

The 21st century has 32____ in a new era in man’s ongoing quest for a better life and a better world. For the first time in history, we can now claim to live in ‘One World.’ Globalization has removed many of the gaps that have existed between and among nations. While the physical divide is still present, the 33____ of the Information Highway on how we communicate and live in the present day is simply staggering. Rapid improvements in information technology have allowed us to exchange information and communicate almost everywhere, anywhere, and anytime.

Globalization, as a general term, is best understood as the spread of ideas about the environment, democracy, human rights, and less complicated issues like fashion and fads. Global exchange is now taking place as the market of ideas, culture, and beliefs expand through the use of technology. The nature of business and how it is done has also improved by 34____ and bounds because of globalization.

An example of the remarkable effects of globalization is the invention of the telephone and the television. Television has enabled young people and adults to have the ability to share cultural and ethnic experiences with others. Telephones have also greatly improved communication. Gone are the weeks and even months of waiting for a letter. Anybody can talk to anyone who has another phone 35____ of distance or location on the planet. With the aid of satellites, 3rd generation phones allow us to make a phone call, send a video, or even receive an e-mail. These 36____ in communication have revolutionized business, commerce, and even the personal lives and relationships of millions of people.

Because of the electronic media, vast amounts of important information can reach any parts of the globe in 37____ time. Business establishments, whether big or small, are using the Internet in many ways to build or expand their company’s growth. With the ever improving technology come new markets, high 38____ for products, and also greater competition. Making investments in information and communication technology is now a must for any business enterprise.

32

1) started

2) began

3) ushered

4) launched

Ответ: .

33

1) cause

2) impact

3) consequences

4) result

Ответ: .

34

1) bonds

2) gaps

3) jumps

4) leaps

Ответ: .

35

1) regardless

2) despite

3) notwithstanding

4) because

Ответ: .

36

1) breakbeats

2) breakdowns

3) breakouts

4) breakthroughs

Ответ: .

37

1) any

2) no

3) none of

4) some

Ответ: .

38

1) access

2) claim

3) demand

4) rise

Ответ: .

Ваш результат: пока 0.

Далее вы можете набрать еще 40 баллов. Автоматически это проверить нельзя, поэтому сделайте реалистичный прогноз о том, сколько бы вы смогли набрать баллов, и получите ваш итоговый результат ЕГЭ.

Если возник вопрос по ответу, в котором вы ошиблись, можете задать его в комментариях.

Раздел 4. ПИСЬМО

Для ответов на задания 39 и 40 используйте бланк ответов № 2. Черновые пометки можно делать прямо на листе с заданиями, или можно использовать отдельный черновик. При выполнении заданий 39 и 40 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ № 2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются. Запишите сначала номер задания (39, 40), а затем ответ на него. Если одной стороны бланка недостаточно, Вы можете использовать другую его сторону.

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Jessica who writes:

… By the way, we are doing a project at college on the fashion industry in different countries. It would be nice if you could tell me what clothes are popular with teenagers in Russia. Do you have any special fashion for teens? What kind of clothes do you prefer? Why?

As for me, I bought a new dress yesterday …

Write a letter to Jessica.
In your letter
— answer her questions
— ask 3 questions about her tastes in clothes
Write 100 — 140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.

За это задание вы можете получить 6 баллов максимум.

Comment on the following statement.

Lots of people enjoy celebrating holidays. However, for some people a holiday is just a day off.

What is your attitude to celebrations? Which way of celebrating holidays do you find more enjoyable?

Write 200 — 250 words.

— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2—3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1—2 reasons for this opposing opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position

За это задание вы можете получить 14 баллов максимум.

Раздел 5. ГОВОРЕНИЕ

— За 1,5 минуты нужно подготовиться и в следующие 1,5 минуты выразительно прочитать текст вслух — 1 балл.
— Составление 5 вопросов на основе ключевых слов. На подготовку отводится 1,5 минуты, затем каждый вопрос надо сформулировать в течение 20 секунд — 5 баллов.
— 3 фотографии. Нужно выбрать 1 и описать ее по предложенному тут же в задании плану за 3,5 минуты — 7 баллов.
— 2 картинки. Нужно сравнить их, описать сходства и различия, объяснить, почему выбранная тематика близка выпускнику, за 3,5 минуты — 7 баллов.

Раздел 2 Чтение

Изучив советы по выполнению заданий ЕГЭ из Раздела 2 по чтению (см. Демонстрационный вариант ЕГЭ 2016 Английский язык, Раздел 2 Чтение), выполните следующие тренировочные варианты.

Вариант 1

Задание 10

Установите соответствие между текстами A – G и заголовками 1 – 8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

  1. Mixing styles
  2. Internet sensation
  3. Short lifetime
  4. Money worries
  5. Celebrity style
  6. Cheaper to buy
  7. Rebels no more
  8. Shopping frenzy

A

Youth sub-culture isn’t what it used to be. In the 1960s, youths who were protesting against their parents or society dressed a certain way to show their anger, or to feel like they belonged to something. Nowadays, parents are more accepting of their children, and society is more accepting of different people. There is less of a need to act out, so there are fewer sub-cultures as a result.

B

There are still a few youth sub-cultures these days. One phenomenon is haul girls – teenage girls who shop till they drop, then come home with a big ‘haul’, usually several bags of clothes. Then they make a video of what they bought, and not just any old video, either. They put great effort into it, with editing and a storyline. It’s their way of showing off what they love to do.

C

In the old days, it took quite a lot of cash to get the look you desired. If you wanted to be Goth, going out and buying black boots, black clothes and black jewellery would cost a considerable amount. It’s all become more affordable now, so you can belong to one youth sub-culture one week and another the next, more or less.

D

There are fewer differences between youth sub-cultures than there used to be. In the old days, a hippie looked like a hippie. A punk looked like a punk, and nothing else. But it seems that the youth of today sometimes combines looks. One example is seapunk, which is punk but much more colourful and with a bit of hip-hop added. At least it’s still very creative!

E

A youth sub-culture is defined by many things. It’s the need to stand out, or the need to protest, or the need to belong. These days, kids are quite worried about their future. University has become very expensive, and the job market isn’t as strong as it used to be. How can anyone focus on creating a unique style when they’re facing such deep financial concerns?

F

Sometimes a youth sub-culture can come out of nowhere. Take Molly Soda, for example. Molly Soda is a teenage girl who posted some short films on YouTube that quickly became highly popular. Her style of dress, with her blue hair and nose piercing, is now copied by thousands of girls who find it cool. They’re called Molly Soda girls, from a youth sub-culture born overnight!

G

It is true that youth sub-cultures are like trends. They are born, they gain popularity, and then soon enough, everyone’s joined in. At that point, they are finished. This timeline used to be much longer than it is today. Now, with social media, trends spread much faster, which means they die a death much faster, too. A sub-culture is lucky if it lasts a whole year these days!

Ответ :

       A        B        C        D        E        F        G

Задание 11

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

                                                      Evolution

The theory of evolution says that all living things on Earth, A ____________, come from a common ancestor by slowly changing down the generations. Darwin suggested that the way living things changed over time is through natural selection. This is the better survival and reproduction of those B ____________ . Fitting into the place where you live is called adapting. Those who fit best into the place where they live, the best adapted, have the best chance to survive and breed. Those who are less well-adapted C ____________ . If they do not survive well enough to raise young, that means they do not pass on their genes. In this way, the species gradually changes.

The first chapter of the Origin deals with domesticated animals, D ____________ . Darwin reminded readers of the huge changes mankind had made in its domestic animals, which were once wild species. The changes were brought about by selective breeding – choosing animals with desirable characters to breed from. This had been done generation after generation, E __________ . Perhaps what man had done deliberately, might happen in nature, where some would live more offspring than others.

Darwin noticed that although young plants or animals are very similar to their parents, F ___________ and there is always a range of shape, size, colour and so on. Some of these differences the plant or animal may have got from their own ancestors, but some are new and caused by mutations.

  1. including plants, animals and microbes
  2. tend not to survive
  3. such as cattle and dogs
  4. it would have a better chance to survive
  5. that best fit their environment
  6. no two are exactly the same
  7. until our modern breeds were produced

Ответ:

         A          B          C          D          E          F

Задания 12 – 18

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. 

Crash Landing

At that time the people of Britain would have been shocked to know that women were flying their most famous war plane. But the fact is that the ATA (Air Transport Auxiliary) had over 100 women pilots who delivered more than 300,000 air craft during the war. We had to fly the Spitfires from the factories and deliver them to airfields dotted around the south of England. Normally we would be flying in daylight with good visibility conditions. That is why we were never given instrument training as our instructors told us that with all the restrictions of war time, there was no time or money to spare for this luxury.

Occasionally we had to fly other aircraft – without any kind of additional training at all. Probably some high ranking, non-flying military official somewhere said that all aircraft were exactly the same to fly. Well – I can assure you that this is not true. With unfamiliar aircraft we had ten minutes to read an instruction booklet called the “Ferry Pilot Notes”. And that was it. We had to climb in, fire up, taxi and then take off in completely unknown flying machines.

That particular day, the day I came so close to death, was my twenty-first birthday. I had no cake or candles that day and my two friends and myself shared some chocolate – the only luxury available in those days. We drank apple juice, and ate the apples and cheese. We entertained ourselves with silly stories. But at one solemn moment we also made a toast to absent friends and remembered the girls who had died delivering aircraft.

In the morning we were driven to the factory and my worst fears were realised. Instead of a lovely new and familiar Spitfire I had a bulky Torpedo bomber. We all hated these as several had crashed without any clear reason why. I was able to take the Ferry Pilot Notes into the canteen and studied them over breakfast. I had a very uneasy feeling in my stomach which had nothing to do with the breakfast I was consuming. I had birthday kisses from the other girls but it only made me feel worse.

At about 11 I was given my flight plan and it was time to go. I looked at the sky. There was a strange quality to the light that I didn’t like and I was worried. With no instrument training, fog or mist made flying incredibly dangerous and absolutely terrifying. With a heavy heart I fired up the engine.

Within 20 minutes I was approaching the river Forth. But I couldn’t see the river as clouds thickened up around me. I took the aircraft lower looking for a glimpse of the ground. At one point I was sure that I was virtually at ground level but I couldn’t see a thing. It was too dangerous to continue. I could hear my heart beating even over the roar of the engine.

When it happened – it happened really quickly. The plane hit water. I didn’t see anything. I was thrown against my straps – and then a flood of cold seawater in my eyes and mouth. I was a mile out to sea!

I was certain I was going to die. Funnily enough – I was perfectly calm. I even thought that my ATA insurance payment would really be a big help to my Mother. But then survival instinct kicked in. I was still alive – and close to shore. I had no life jacket or any survival gear but I was a good swimmer. I was certain there were no bones broken and I didn’t have to swim far. I was picked up by a fishing boat that I had narrowly missed in the fog. And in the end I got a real birthday drink after all – a cup of spiced, dark rum.

12. Women pilots from ATA had no instrument training because

1) it was an auxiliary air force.

2) they were not supposed to fly in low visibility.

3) their main job was to deliver Spitfires to airdromes.

4) there was no money for this during the war.

Ответ:

13. The Ferry Pilot Notes were instruction booklets written to

1) help women pilots.

2) explain how to fly the plane.

3) ensure further training.

4) explain how to behave in dangerous situations.

Ответ:

14. The narrator and her friends had no cake because

1) it was still the day before her birthday.

2) they preferred apples and cheese.

3) it was hard to obtain one in wartime.

4) it was a tradition to eat it in the pilot canteen.

Ответ:

15. The narrator was unhappy to take a Torpedo bomber because

1) it was a bulky aircraft.

2) she preferred to fly Spitfires.

3) she didn’t know how to fly it.

4) the plane was notorious.

Ответ:

16. The narrator flew with a heavy heart because she

1) didn’t feel healthy.

2) found her flying plan incredibly dangerous.

3) was worried there might be poor visibility.

4) was in a blue mood.

Ответ:

17. The narrator’s words “It was too dangerous to continue” refer to her decision to

1) keep on flying lower.

2) make an emergency landing on the water.

3) continue the flight.

4) ignore her heart problems.

Ответ:

18. The moment the plane crash landed the narrator

1) was sure she could swim to shore.

2) prepared to die.

3) wished she had a life jacket.

4) worried about her mother.

Ответ:

По окончании выполнения заданий 10–18 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов в заданиях 10 и 11 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.

Проверьте себя по ключам.

Key answers Task 10       7861423

Key answers Task 11       152376

Key answers:  12 – 4

13 – 2

14 – 3

15 – 4

16 – 3

17 – 1

18 – 2

Good luck in your exam!

There are no two people in this world that see eye-to-eye on everythin перевод - There are no two people in this world that see eye-to-eye on everythin русский как сказать

There are no two people in this world that see eye-to-eye on everything, and this will naturally lead to conflicts

0/5000

Результаты (русский) 1: [копия]

Скопировано!

Нет двух людей в этом мире, которые видят глаза в глаза на все, и естественно, это приведет к конфликтам

переводится, пожалуйста, подождите..

Результаты (русский) 2:[копия]

Скопировано!

Там нет двух людей в этом мире, которые видят глаза в глаза на все, и это, естественно, приводит к конфликтам

переводится, пожалуйста, подождите..

Результаты (русский) 3:[копия]

Скопировано!

Нет двух людей в этом мире, см. на уровне глаз на все, и это, естественно приведет к конфликтам

переводится, пожалуйста, подождите..

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Поддержка инструмент перевода: Клингонский (pIqaD), Определить язык, азербайджанский, албанский, амхарский, английский, арабский, армянский, африкаанс, баскский, белорусский, бенгальский, бирманский, болгарский, боснийский, валлийский, венгерский, вьетнамский, гавайский, галисийский, греческий, грузинский, гуджарати, датский, зулу, иврит, игбо, идиш, индонезийский, ирландский, исландский, испанский, итальянский, йоруба, казахский, каннада, каталанский, киргизский, китайский, китайский традиционный, корейский, корсиканский, креольский (Гаити), курманджи, кхмерский, кхоса, лаосский, латинский, латышский, литовский, люксембургский, македонский, малагасийский, малайский, малаялам, мальтийский, маори, маратхи, монгольский, немецкий, непальский, нидерландский, норвежский, ория, панджаби, персидский, польский, португальский, пушту, руанда, румынский, русский, самоанский, себуанский, сербский, сесото, сингальский, синдхи, словацкий, словенский, сомалийский, суахили, суданский, таджикский, тайский, тамильский, татарский, телугу, турецкий, туркменский, узбекский, уйгурский, украинский, урду, филиппинский, финский, французский, фризский, хауса, хинди, хмонг, хорватский, чева, чешский, шведский, шона, шотландский (гэльский), эсперанто, эстонский, яванский, японский, Язык перевода.

muzlanova1  

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Charity 

A lot of people in our world have little or no money at all. Many of them are homeless and can’t enjoy what most of us take for A22 …………… . They need our help and there are a lot of charity organizations to help poor people. Because of charities many homeless people have shelters, hungry children have been fed, a lot of diseases have already been A23 …………… and many animals are safe.

Around the world there are a lot of children who suffer from different diseases, running A24 …………… time and hope. The biggest charity project in Russia is ‘Contribution to the Future’ whose goal is to help any child in need. Its programmes help poor, homeless and disabled children.

There are a lot of people in the world who have chosen charity as their main mission in life. One of the most famous missionaries was Mother Teresa. She lived the hard life of the poor alongside them; she knew how it felt sleeping on hard floors and living on dirty streets. And because she was experiencing A25 …………… what the people she was helping were going through, she so effectively knew how to give. Besides meeting people’s basic physical needs by giving them food and medicine, she met people’s emotional needs as well.

A lot of rich people also feel the necessity to help the poor. For example, Bill Gates is a famous billionaire, but he is also a noted philanthropist who donated the proceeds of his successful books to A26 …………… educational organizations. He has also given millions to initiatives in global health and learning, hoping to A27 …………… more and more people to have access to A28 …………… facilities in these areas. A good example is the opening of ‘The School of the Future’ in Philadelphia, sponsored by his company ‘Microsoft’.

The spirit of philanthropy is not about what or how much you give but rather about the feeling that you are helping others in need.

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A22

1) common

2) granted

3) usual

4) life

A23

1) recovered

2) healed

3) cared

4) cured

A24

1) with

2) out

3) of

4) out of

A25

1) first-hand

2) first-rate

3) first-time

4) first-ever

A26

1) unprofit

2) unprofitable

3) non-profit

4)non-profitable

A27

1) unable

2) enable

3) let

4) make

A28

1) visible

2) vigorous

3) vivid

4) vital


muzlanova1    

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  02 ( part 3)

The Archipelago

    In the remote southern seas there is a cluster of islands. Each island is inhabited by a different race of people. Although physically they look alike, you can tell them A22 ……………. by their styles of dress and their distinctive dialects. Each island has its own unique form of architecture. The only similarity between them is that each race builds in a manner that is A23 ……………. odds with the environment. On rocky hillsides there are wooden huts and in wooded valleys you can see towns of brick. Arid uplands are irrigated and planted with leafy gardens, whereas, on fertile plains, the parks are paved with stone. A24 ……………. their differences, the islanders coexist peacefully. There is rivalry over certain fishing waters but it rarely A25 ……………. to more than a few heated exchanges.

    At the centre of the archipelago, perhaps in the most favoured spot of all, lies an island that has been deserted for many generations. It looks very different from the rest: darker, taller, silent. There is no obvious reason A26 ……………. its abandonment as it has good soil and plenty of freshwater.

    Long ago, it was inhabited by farmers and fishermen much like everywhere else in the archipelago, but everything changed when they started building the first wall. As soon as it was finished a second circle of battlements began to rise from the centre, slightly narrower than the one before, so that from faraway the island A27 ……………. an enormous wedding cake.

     Nobody can explain why the wall was started but there are many theories as to why it was never finished. Some say that so many had perished during its construction, that no one dared halt the work and thereby admit that it had all been in vain. Others claim that the builders simply A28 ……………. out of materials. But one thing is certain, the predicted threat never arrived and the people at the centre of the archipelago had, quite simply, bricked themselves in. 

A22

1) out

2) off

3) apart

4) aside

A23

1) over

2) at

3) against

4) on

A24

1) Despite

2) In spite

3) Besides

4) Although

A25

1) raises

2) attains

3) amounts

4) achieves

A26

1) with

2) to

3) of

4) for

A27

1) recollected

2) reminded

3) resembled

4) remembered

A28

1) went

2) ran

3) grew

4) came

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muzlanova1    

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  03  ( part 3)

Globalization and Communication Growth

    The 21st century has A22 …………….. in a new era in man’s ongoing quest for a better life and a better world. For the first time in history, we can now claim to live in ‘One World.’ Globalization has removed many of the gaps that have existed between and among nations. While the physical divide is still present, the A23 …………….. of the Information Highway on how we communicate and live in the present day is simply staggering. Rapid improvements in information technology have allowed us to exchange information and communicate almost everywhere, anywhere, and anytime.

   Globalization, as a general term, is best understood as the spread of ideas about the environment, democracy, human rights, and less complicated issues like fashion and fads. Global exchange is now taking place as the market of ideas, culture, and beliefs expand through the use of technology. The nature of business and how it is done has also improved by A24 …………….. and bounds because of globalization.

    An example of the remarkable effects of globalization is the invention of the telephone and the television. Television has enabled young people and adults to have the ability to share cultural and ethnic experiences with others. Telephones have also greatly improved communication. Gone are the weeks and even months of waiting for a letter. Anybody can talk to anyone who has another phone A25 …………….. of distance or location on the planet. With the aid of satellites, 3rd generation phones allow us to make a phone call, send a video, or even receive an e-mail. These A26 …………….. in communication have revolutionized business, commerce, and even the personal lives and relationships of millions of people.

   Because of the electronic media, vast amounts of important information can reach any parts of the globe in A27 …………….. time. Business establishments, whether big or small, are using the Internet in many ways to build or expand their company’s growth. With the ever improving technology come new markets, high A28 …………….. for products, and also greater competition. Making investments in information and communication technology is now a must for any business enterprise.

A22

1) started

2)began

3) ushered

4) launched

A23

1) cause

2) impact

3) consequences

4) result

A24

1) bonds

2) gaps

3) jumps

4) leaps

A25

1) regardless

2) despite

3) notwithstanding

4) because

A26

1) breakbeats

2) breakdowns

3) breakouts

4) breakthroughs

A27

1) any

2) no

3) none of

4) some

A28

1) access

2) claim

3) demand

4) rise

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muzlanova1    

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  04 ( part 3)

Machu Picchu

    In a way, it’s wonderful that Machu Picchu can nowadays be visited on a day A22 ……………… from Cuzco. Everyone probably should have a chance to see this remarkable place.

    Like many travellers, I hoped to get a taste of Machu Picchu’s ‘lost in the clouds’ atmosphere by approaching the ruins on foot A23 ……………… the Inca trail. I joined the obligatory tour group in Cuzco, then spent the next four days surrounded by others making the classic pilgrimage. Along the way, we crossed several breathtaking Andean passes, treading on original Inca paving stones, and passing several other fine ruins.

    Our last A24 ……………… stop was at an exquisitely beautiful site called Huinay Huayna, where dozens of impossibly steep terraces cascade into a deep green gorge backed by a high waterfall. My new-found travelling companions included five Argentines who A25 ……………… my interest in exploring Huinay Huayna by moonlight.

    The only problem was a slight difference in styles. Mine was more along the lines of silent and meditative contemplation; theirs involved a ritualistic circle chant, led by the charismatic lone male in the group whom I thereafter nicknamed the Warlock. Absenting myself from the circle that night, I made a mental note to A26 ……………… my distance from them the next day at Machu Picchu.

    Before dawn the following morning we climbed to the mountaintop Gateway of the Sun, hoping for the classic panoramic view of Machu Picchu before the tour buses arrived. Unfortunately, the weather did not cooperate. With dozens of other disappointed trekkers, I shivered on the hilltop in chilly fog for two hours, waiting for a sunrise that never came, then trudged down the hill to Machu Picchu itself. As I A27 ………………, the clouds started lifting, revealing the place to be every bit as spectacular as I could have hoped. By day’s end, my tour group had dispersed, apparently preferring a hot bath. I, however, felt I was just A28 ……………… the surface. 

А22

1) travel

2) voyage

3) journey

4) trip

А23

1) with

2) via

3) across

4) over

А24

1) overall

2) overhead

3) overnight

4) overday

А25

1) captured

2) shared

3) kept

4) held

А26

1) keep

2) hold

3) take

4) use

А27

1) descended

2) ascended

3) attended

4) pretended

А28

1) reaching

2) touching

3) scratching

4) patching

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Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  05 ( part 3)

The Changing World of Computers

     Computers are rapidly changing the way we do things. For a technology that is still relatively new, their A22 …………………. on the business and consumer sector has been incomprehensible. As if it was not sufficient to own one computer, many people nowadays have a few of them. We think we need a desktop computer, a laptop computer, and a bunch of little computers in our phones and music players, even A23 …………………. they actually do the same thing. Now that everybody has their desktops and laptops, and we are all able to A24 …………………. the Internet anytime we want to, our world has turned into a virtual playground. We can now connect with our foreign neighbours in a matter of seconds, A25 …………………. of how far away they are from us. It’s as if we no longer have borders in this highly digital world of ours.

     Desktops have always been a great option, but the problem with them is that they are not mobile. They have all the A26 …………………. of other computers, but it can be annoying at times to have to sit in the same spot while working. For businesses and personal offices, desktop computers are still the favoured option because of their power. But when people have to be connected while travelling, the need for laptops really becomes apparent. The main advantage of laptops is the ability to communicate with people no A27 …………………. where you are. Our society has been converted into one that has to have all the latest gadgets. Some people even A28 …………………. down on others if they still have last year’s model of some gadget. Those people will always be behind the curve just because of how fast technology is advancing now.

А22

1) affect

2) role

3) impact

4) value

А23

1) though

2) now

3) so

4) as

А24

1) register

2) log

3) connect

4) access

А25

1) regardless

2) regarding

3) in spite

4) despite

А26

1) qualities

2) skills

3) capabilities

4) traits

А27

1) trouble

2) matter

3) doubt

4) problem

А28

1) turn

2) fall

3) come

4)look

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Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  06 ( part 3)

All Alone

    A sickly grey invaded the evening sky and infused with the dusky blue from the afternoon’s thunderstorm. In the musky air there seemed to be a sweet scent lingering, along with the choking smell of cigarette smoke. Fireflies dangled in the air like puppets, their colour almost drowned out from the rain. Their amber hue seemed to be the only source of light.

    Charlotte dragged her feet across the leaves on the ground while swallowing the dreary landscape she had just walked a mile to. She inhaled. Heavy air filled her lungs and caused her to splutter in the dark. Silence crept in, and it haunted her. There was nowhere to A22 …………….. help.

    Where were the others? She A23 …………….. every ledge, every forest entry, every sharp rock. She acknowledged that the scene was just perfect for another practical joke. How surprising that they’d abandoned her here. They A24 …………….. on her not just because she was the biggest loser in school; skinny, asthmatic, anti-social, afraid of everything, but mostly because she was liable to fall A25 …………….. the same tricks over and over again.

    Panicking, Charlotte’s hands trembled as her eyes jolted back and A26 …………….. across the horizon. How fitting it was that she should be afraid of the dark. Maybe she should never have agreed to go. She was A27 …………….. to answer ‘Yes’. Why were the popular ones asking her to hang out? Why wasn’t it the science geeks or the library nerds? She was told there was a first for everything, but she’d always be a loner.

    Her eyes fixed on a moving figure, too dark to know if it was human, and too scared to know it as anything else. She looked around, and realised she had been standing under a jagged ledge, threatening to engulf her in a sea of knife-edged rocks. In the dark she could’ve sworn it was a giant claw. She turned around and planned an escape A28 …………….. .

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А22

1) ask

2) look

3) search

4) seek

А23

1) looked

2) scanned

3) skimmed

4) stared

А24

1) joked

2) laughed

 3) picked

4) teased

А25

1) for

2) on

3) over

4) with

А26

1) ahead

2) forth

3) forward

4) onward

А27

1) cautious

2) doubtful

 3) opposed

4) reluctant

А28

1) route

2) road

3) way

4) course


   

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  07 ( part 3)

Benefits of Healthy Food

 There are some benefits of consuming healthy and nutritious food. The main advantage of eating healthily is that you can make your immune system strong and A22 ……………… of viral, bacterial and other health related issues like heart or blood pressure problems. Stronger immune system is the most basic requirement of any human body for efficient performance.

Besides, eating the right kind of food at the right time will definitely A23 ………………  you from getting obese. Obesity leads to other diseases, too. So if you are not obese yet, then it’s better to start taking care of your own body by eating healthy and nutritious food. This will ensure that your body weight is maintained according to your height and you will not have to look A24 ………………  weight loss diet plans or fitness centers.

What is more, eating healthy and nutritious food will make your entire day full of energy. You will feel energetic and fresh and will be able to work for more time, which will indirectly increase your performance at school or in the office.

 However, in today’s advanced world you may not have enough time to follow a routine and you may A25 ………………  up eating food at irregular time. And A26 ………………  to this you may not get time to prepare yourself a healthy meal and eat at the right time.

As your work gets harder and tougher, your body needs healthy and nutritious food. No one else except you can A27 ………………  sure that your body is getting healthy food. Last but not A28 ………………  we would like to mention is to do a regular workout. With healthy and nutritious food, it is essential that you do regular workout so that your weight is maintained and you are active and fit.

А22

1) eliminate

2) do away

3) cut out

4) get rid

А23

1) prevent

2) avoid

3) hold

4) warn

А24

1) at

2) to

3) for

4) on

А25

1) take

2) carry

3) bring

4) end

А26

1) thank

2) due

3) so

4) because

А27

1) keep

2) take

3) make

4) for

А28

1) least

2) worst

3) best

4) most

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Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  08  ( part 3)

Luck

About forty years ago I was an instructor in the military academy at Woolwich. I was present in one of the sections when young Scoresby A22 …………….. his preliminary examination. I was touched to the quick with pity because the rest of the class answered up brightly and handsomely while he didn’t know anything, so to speak. All the compassion in me was aroused in his behalf. I understood that when he came to be examined again, he would be flung over, so it would be simply a harmless act of A23 …………….. to ease his fall as much as I could.

 I took him aside, and found that he knew a little of Caesar’s history; and as he didn’t know anything else, I went to work and drilled him like a galley slave on a certain line of stock questions concerning Caesar which I knew would be used. You won’t believe me but he went through with flying A24 …………….. on examination day! He went through on that purely superficial ‘cram,’ and got compliments too, while others, who knew a thousand times more than he, got plucked. A25 …………….. some strangely lucky accident, he was asked no question outside of the narrow limits of his drill.

It was stupefying. Now of course the thing that would A26 …………….. him and kill him at last was mathematics. I A27 …………….. to make his death as easy as I could. So I drilled· him and crammed him just on the line of questions which the examiners would be most likely to use, and then launched him on his fate. Well, try to A28 …………….. of the result: to my consternation, he took the first prize! And with it he got a perfect ovation in the way of compliments.

А22

1) undertook

2) underscored

3) understood

4) underwent

А23

1) charity

2) cruelty

3) loyalty

4) bravery

А24

1) marks

2) grades

3) colours

4) banners

А25

1) Under

2) In

3) With

4) By

А26

1) find

2) expose

3) denounce

4) injure

А27

1) suggested

2) settled

3) solved

4) resolved

А28

1) conceive

2) imagine

3) predict

4) foretell

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Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  09 ( part 3)

Side by Side

    Melissa dropped into a chair in front of her manager’s cherry veneer desk. ‘I don’t know how people with kids can do this job,’ the 25-year-old radio advertising sales rep said.

    Her boss, Laurie Thompson, had heard such self-doubt before. Her six salespeople at Connoisseur Media in Erie often popped into her office to give vent to their A22 …………….. about a tough day of cold-calling.

    Laurie nodded. She didn’t have children, A23 ……………..  herself instead to a sales career, running marathons, cycling, sailing and spending time with her husband. ‘I don’t think I’ll ever have kids, though that would really disappoint my parents,’ Melissa said.

    ‘Why? Because you’re A24 ……………..  only child?’ Laurie asked. Melissa said her parents would be disappointed because they A25 ……………..  for grandkids. Then she added, almost as an afterthought, ‘I was adopted.’ From the time she was tiny, Melissa knew that she was adopted.

    Her new parents were always open with their daughter about where she came from. Along the way, Melissa grew A26 ……………..  to questions from people who had learnt she was adopted. So she wasn’t at all A27 ……………..  about answering her boss that afternoon.

    ‘Have you ever had a desire to meet your real parents?’ Laurie asked.

    ‘Not really,’ Melissa said. ‘It’s not that I don’t want to. It’s just that I haven’t got around to it. And I don’t feel like I’m missing anything. My parents are wonderful.’

    Melissa laughed and was about to leave when Laurie asked her another question.

   ‘When were you born?’

   ‘April 14, 1981.’ Then, feeling she’d taken A28 ……………..  enough of her boss’s time, Melissa said goodbye and headed home.

А22

1) happiness

2) joy

3) frustrations

4) tears

А23

1) preparing

2) concentrating

3) involving

4) devoting

А24

1) —

2) the

3) a

4) an

А25

1) wanted

2) needed

3) desired

4) longed

А26

1) accustomed

2) annoyed

3) anxious

4) ashamed

А27

1) conscious

2) hesitant

3) interested

4) reluctant

А28

1) in

2) over

3) on

4) up

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Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  10  ( part 3)

Thanksgiving Day

    We A22 ……………….. Thanksgiving for granted as a day to watch football, spend time with our families, or eat, but 150 years ago, it wasn’t even a national holiday. For the settlers, that meal was at first thought of as a one-time thing. They had no idea this event would become the A23 ……………….. of the Thanksgiving customs we now share throughout the United States and Canada.

    However, that first celebration didn’t A24 ……………….. our modern traditions much. The meat served was likely goose or duck. And there was probably a bit of fish there, too. There were no potatoes, no pie, no stuffing, and no cranberries. Nowadays Thanksgiving dinner is a meal custom-made for overeating. So it helps to A25 ……………….. attention and to have some thoughtful strategies to avoid that uncomfortable feeling of being stuffed. Thanksgiving is one of the few holidays where most of my family all get together to celebrate. In the first week of November the family decides whose house we will have Thanksgiving dinner at. It usually ends A26 ……………….. being my sisters’ house because it is · the biggest, and most convenient.

    We A27 ……………….. up a table for the children and the adults can choose to eat at a different table, or in the living room with the game on. During the day, while turkey is being cooked, the adults watch a football game, or just hang out and chat. The children are free to go outside if the weather is good, or play inside with their toys.

    We usually arrange the food in a buffet style. The children are served first and when they are all set at their table, the adults dig in. While we are eating, there is a lot of talking, and catching up. Then we start to clean up and make up some plates to each take home, and look A28 ……………….. to Christmas.

[youtube_advanced url=»https://youtu.be/UeNvP3xyIuU» width=»650″ height=»364″ responsive=»no» autohide=»yes»]

А22

1) take

2) know

3) make

4) judge

А23

1) tombstone

2) headstone

3) cornerstone

4) flagstone

А24

1) recall

2) resemble

3) remind

4) remember

А25

1) give

2) hold

3) pay

4) turn

А26

1) at

2) off

3) out

4) up

А27

1) arrange

2) do

3) lay

4) set

А28

1) at

2) for

3) forward

4) up


muzlanova1  

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  11  ( part 3)

The Guest

    ‘The landscape seen from our windows is certainly charming,’ said Annabel; ‘those cherry orchards and green meadows, and the river winding along the valley. However, nothing ever happens here. Rather dreadful, isn’t it?’

    ‘On the A22 ………………, ‘ said Matilda, ‘I find it soothing and restful; but then, you see, I’ve lived in countries where things do happen, especially when you’re not ready for them happening all at once.’

    ‘That, of course, makes a A23 ………………, ‘ said Annabel.

    ‘I’ll never forget,’ said Matilda, ‘the occasion when the Bishop of Bequar A24 ……………… us an unexpected visit.’

    ‘I thought that out there you were always prepared for emergency guests turning A25 ………………, ‘ said Annabel.

   ‘I was quite prepared for half a dozen Bishops,’ said Matilda, ‘but it was rather disconcerting to find out that this particular one was a distant cousin of mine, belonging to a branch of the family that had quarrelled bitterly and offensively with our branch about a Crown Derby dessert service. To make A26 ……………… worse, my husband was away, talking sense to a village community that fancied one of their leading men was a were-tiger.’

    ‘A what tiger?’

    ‘A were-tiger; you’ve heard of were-wolves, haven’t you, a mixture of wolf and human being and demon? Well, in those parts they have were-tigers, or think they have, and I must say that in this case they had every ground for thinking so. However, as we gave A27 ……………… witchcraft prosecutions about three hundred years ago, we don’t like to have other people keeping on our discarded practices.’

    ‘I hope you weren’t unkind to the Bishop,’ said Annabel.

    ‘Well, of course he was my guest, so I had to be outwardly polite to him, but he was tactless enough to rake up the incidents of the old quarrel, and from that moment we were scarcely on speaking A28 ……………… .

А22

1) contrast

2) contrary

3) inside

4) opposite

А23

1) statement

2) splash

3) move

4) difference

А24

1) paid

2) sent

3) made

4) gave

А25

1) to

2) over

3) up

4) in

А26

l) issues

2) matters

3) problems

4) situation

А27

l) in

2) up

3) away

4) out

А28

1) conditions

2) relationships

3) relations

4) terms

[youtube_advanced url=»https://youtu.be/UeNvP3xyIuU» width=»650″ height=»364″ responsive=»no» autohide=»yes»]


muzlanova1    

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  12 ( part 3)

What a Trick!

    Lisa and I have been friends since the third grade. We both loved to ride our bikes and loved spending the holidays, weekends, and summers together.

    One summer, we settled A22 ……………… cleaning up her room. As soon as we started, Lisa’s mom called her for some help. Vacuuming was my favorite part of cleaning, so I decided to clean up every spot. When I bent over to suck up the dust under the dresser, I found a book with the word DIARY on it.

    The book was bright pink and looked more like old scraps of paper than a diary. Usually I would not snoop in private belongings, but when I picked it up from underneath the dresser I saw that the pages were messed up and I decided to put them back together. While doing so, I saw my name in a passage that really A23 ……………… my attention: ‘It made me cry when Papa told me we’re moving to Sri Lanka. He told me not to tell Nadine because it might break her heart. Well, I will just enjoy the last summer I have now.’

    Friends help me realize my good qualities. Even though I felt A24 ……………… over the situation, I decided not to spoil our friendship. At that point, I A25 ……………… a vow to give Lisa the best summer I could.

    The next day, Lisa had complete control. I A26 ……………… her do things I even hated doing. We went to the boring museum. We watched her stupid brother, Line, do his band show. Finally, Lisa became A27 ……………… of what I was doing. ‘Why are you doing all this? It’s not my birthday or anything.’

    ‘Lisa, I know you’re moving to Sri Lanka. I’ve read your diary,’ I confessed.

    ‘Are you talking about this?’ Lisa held up the same pink notepad I saw the previous day and started to laugh. ‘This notebook isn’t my diary. It was a novel I started on. I was making a story about you and me.’

     I felt relieved but confused and I couldn’t A28 ……………… but ask, ‘What about the title? It does say ‘DIARY’ on it?’

    ‘I put that there so no one would read it until I finished. Do you really think I would move to Sri Lanka and not tell you? Ha, that’s a laugh!’ Lisa exploded with unstoppable laughter.

А22

1) on

2) down

3) up

4) for

А23

1) paid

2) held

3) kept

4) caught

А24

1) distracted

2) distraught

3) distort

4) distrust

А25

1) broke

2) did

3) made

4) said

А26

1) allowed

2) got

3) let

4) made

А27

1) surprised

2) interested

3) keen

4) aware

А28

1) stand

2) help

3) wait

4) feel

[youtube_advanced url=»https://youtu.be/UeNvP3xyIuU» width=»650″ height=»364″ responsive=»no» autohide=»yes»]

 


muzlanova1    

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  13  ( part 3)

The Phoenix Legend

    This magical, mythical bird has long been a part of legends, dating A22 ……………….. to ancient civilizations. In today’s culture, the phoenix’s legend is still going A23 ……………….., with a major city in the United States named after the resurrecting beast and popular books and movies, including the phenomenally successful ‘Harry Potter’ series encompassing the bird into characters and plots.

    Since the story has come A24 ……………….. to us through the oral tradition, there is no single version of it. It varies from teller to teller — each adding something of their own and changing tiny aspects of it. A25 ……………….., the main facts of the legend of the Phoenix remain intact, even though the myth has been adulterated.

    According to the legend, the Phoenix is a supernatural creature that has an incredibly long A26 ……………….., stretching to at least a thousand years. It cannot fall sick or get injured at any point in its lifetime. However, some believe that it does get affected by disease or drought, which leads it to prematurely enter the next phase of its life.

    Once that time is over, the bird builds its own funeral pyre. The traditional story goes that the phoenix ignites himself, burns to ash, and then rises again from the ashes to live another thousand years. This triumph over adversity has caused the bird to become the A27 ……………….. or symbol of many groups and organizations. Once the bird is born from ashes, the cycle begins anew.

    Another version of the story is that before the fire consumes the bird, it lays an egg, which hatches a new phoenix. This phoenix will live to be a thousand years old before having an A28 ……………….. in the same method. There is no way of ascertaining which version of the story is true, but all of them express the same theme: the triumph over adversity.

[youtube_advanced url=»https://youtu.be/UeNvP3xyIuU» width=»650″ height=»364″ responsive=»no» autohide=»yes»]

А22

1) from

2) back

3) away

4) through

А23

1) healthy

2) strong

3) alive

4) fine

А24

1) back

2) round

3) forward

4)down

А25

1) As a result

2) Therefore

3) Nonetheless

4) Regardless

А26

1) lifespan

2) lifespin

3) lifescan

4) lifespam

А27

1) pendant

2) anthem

3) mascot

4) amulet

А28

1) ancestor

2) offspring

3) predecessor

4) offcut


muzlanova1    

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  14 ( part 3)

Leisure Activities in Japan

    The use of leisure time has become an ever greater focus of attention in Japan, as a result of higher A22 ………………, expanding leisure time and a growing interest in nature. This trend is reflected in the increasing popularity of sports and recreational activities. Examples of recently developed leisure activities include boating, yachting and marine sports on Lake Inawashiro and off the Pacific Coast, paragliding and family autocamping in the mountains of the Aizu region.

    Japanese A23 ……………… nature, combined with extensive leisure facilities, attracts sports and leisure-minded people all year round. There are three national parks in Kyushu providing excellent opportunities for sports and leisure activities. A number of golf A24 ……………… take full advantage of extensive land areas and superb natural settings. Each year this region sees a rise A25 ……………… the number of ski resorts, featuring resort hotels and other facilities. And, as one of the most attractive hot spring areas in Japan, Kyushu A26 ……………… a large number of visitors from around the country.

    Kyushu is upgrading and enlarging its high-quality resort facilities to meet the demand A27 ……………… increased leisure opportunities, while at the same time giving full consideration to nature preservation. It is hoped that this rapid development can be A28 ……………… in the future.

[youtube_advanced url=»https://youtu.be/UeNvP3xyIuU» width=»650″ height=»364″ responsive=»no» autohide=»yes»]

А22

1) perks

2) incomes

3) outcomes

4) taxes

А23

1) enormous

2) abandoned

3) redundant

4) abundant

А24

1) courts

2) courses

3) pitches

4) fields

А25

1) at

2) of

3) in

 4) between

А26

l) collects

2) drags

3) draws

4) picks

А27

1) for

2) in

3) of

4) on

А28

1) abstained

2) obtained

3) contained

4) maintained


muzlanova1    

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  15 ( part 3)

How Does Wind Power Really Work?

    Wind power is going to be essential to our planet in the near future. But do you really know how wind  power  works? It  looks easy but there are several components involved A22 ………………. generating wind power. This type of power can not only save us a good A23 ………………. of money on our utility bills, but it will also play an important role in saving our planet.

    For many of us, wind just looks invisible and does not actually have any properties but in A24 ………………. , air is a fluid that contains particles constructed of gas. We can turn these gas particles into power because as the wind gusts, kinetic energy is created, which then can be harnessed and changed over into power.

    Having access to wind is very essential for this operation to work but another indispensable ingredient is the blades that are used. Their design is very A25 ………………. to the effectiveness of the turbine. The other important component is simply the size of the blade. The bigger the blade is, the more energy is seized and more power can be created for us in the form of electricity.

    Much also depends A26 ………………. where you live to figure out the right blade size. In regions with low wind levels, small blades work better because more wind is required to push the larger turbine blades. In an area that is very windy, it is much better to use large blades in A27 ………………. to use all of the wind available.

    This gives you the fundamental principles of how electricity is produced from the wind. Today is a fantastic time to do as much A28 ………………. as you can about wind power so you will be able to make educated decisions in the future.

А22

1) at

2) in

3) by

4) from

А23

1) deal

2) quantity

3) number

4) lot

А24

1) real terms

2) real life

3) reality

4) realism

А25

1) valuable

2) significant

3) precious

4) critical

А26

l) by

 2) on

3) from

4) about

А27

1) effect

2) favour

3) attempt

4) order

А28

1) discovery

2) investigation

 3) research

4) search


muzlanova1    

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  16 ( part 3)

The Benefits of Modern Technology

    Modern technology has brought about enormous improvements in communications and yet many people are still very worried A22 …………….. using the latest computer technology. I am often surprised to meet people who still don’t know what the ‘e’ in e-mail stands for and they are too A23 …………….. to ask. They assume you have to be skilled A24 …………….. computers to send a message via e-mail but in fact it is the simplest thing in the world.

    It is also cheaper to send an e-mail message than to send an ordinary letter or a ‘snail’ message which also takes much longer. An e-mail message is only A25 …………….. more expensive than a local telephone call to send; on top of the call itself you also have to pay a fee to your ‘server’. If you send a letter by A26 …………….. mail it will take a couple of days to get there whereas an e-mail will not take longer than a few seconds.

    Once you become A27 …………….. to using the system you will be amazed at how much more A28 …………….. it is than other means of communication. Of course, before you have access to e-mail, you will need a fairly powerful computer, which can be quite expensive.

А22

1) about

2) for

3) at

4) with as

А23

1) embarrassing

2) embarrassed

3) exhausting

4) exhausted

А24

l) into

2) about

3) to

4) in

А25

1) little

2) slightly

3) less

4) least

А26

1) second-hand

2) low-paid

3) part-time

4) first-class

А27

1) capable

2) accustomed

3) clever

4) good

А28

1) confident

2) certain

3) efficient

4) skilful

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muzlanova1    

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  17 ( part 3)

Trees Are a Threat

    The mountain town of Canton is surrounded by thick underbrush and pine trees. Because of six years of drought, these plants are a major fire hazard. Thousands of trees and tons of underbrush are going to be removed over the next five years A22 ………………. a minimum cost of $3 million. The brush will be removed first and only then the trees will be toppled and removed. A cleared nonflammable area will then safely surround the town.

    A recent fire burned 4,000 acres and destroyed 11 homes in nearby Hamilton. The fire was raging toward Canton, but a sudden rainstorm A23 ………………. it out. Residents know that they won’t get lucky twice, so they are looking A24 ………………. to this massive clearing operation, because it will help their town survive a future inferno. ‘But there are two problems,’ said one resident. ‘All the extra trucks are going to make traffic pretty bad. Once the area is cleared, we have to make A25 ………………. dirt bikers don’t try to make the cleared area their personal playground.’

    Ninety percent of the cutting and clearing will be paid with federal funds. Unfortunately, if the trees are on private A26 ………………., they must be paid for by the residents themselves. Prices can range as high as $1,000 to cut and remove one tree. Officials say that residents can apply A27 ………………. state and federal loans if necessary.

    ‘Well, what good does that do me?’ asked Thelma, a 65-year-old widow. ‘I’m living on social security and I’ve got four trees. The government’s not going to loan me money as they know there’s no way I can pay it A28 ………………. . So what am I supposed to do? These planners with all their big ideas ought to think of the poor people.’

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А22

1) for

2) by

3) at

4) with

А23

1) took

2) set

3) put

4) let

А24

1) up

2) forward

3) through

4) over

А25

1) sure

2) after

3) believe

4) way

А26

1) possession

2) belongings

3) ownership

4) property

А27

1) on

2) at

3) to

4) for

А28

1) back

2) out

3) in

4) down 


muzlanova1    

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Squirrel

    It was when Squirrel Nutkin appeared at the October Board meeting that Mr. Ramsay began to A22 ……………… his reputation for eccentricity. And that’s putting it A23 ……………… To be fair, there were people who said at the time that there was nothing wrong in wearing a glove puppet to a Board meeting. However, there were more who disagreed, and several who thought that Mr. Ramsay was off his chump. The matter was hotly disputed in the company’s offices, on the shop floor, in the canteen.

    It happened during Mr. Giles’s monthly overlong summary of the company’s financial position. Two factors were making the prospects for Ramsay & Co look bleak.

    The first of these factors spoke for itself. There were simply fewer items of hosiery being sold. Whether this was due to the long hot summer combined with the undoubted increase A24 ……………… the uptake of feminine trousers, or it was a sign of continued recession was not for him to say. Ramsay & Co simply had to A25 ……………… the facts, whether they liked them or not, and accept what the market was telling them. Reality didn’t always turn A26 ……………… the way people wanted it to.

    The second factor, however, was where they could do something about. Ramsay & Co’s costs were inordinately high compared to those of its competitors, who had been cutting back on staff over the last five years, reducing their workforce to one-fifth of its previous level. It was high A27 ……………… that Ramsay & Co got itself into a similar position.

    None of the Board members was surprised at what Mr. Giles had to say. He had, after all, said it all before, many times, over the past several months. Mr. Ramsay had, until now, always stubbornly resisted him. This time, though, what happened was different from all the previous occasions. Mr. Ramsay had never before produced a glove puppet from underneath the table. He had never had a squirrel sitting on his left hand during a presentation.

    The only two pairs of eyes in the room focused on Mr. Giles during his summation of the company’s position were those of Mr. Ramsay and the squirrel, both of whom were shaking their heads very slightly. The other Board members were sitting shocked with their mouths wide open and were A28 ……………… at the puppet.

А22

1) acquire

2) enquire

3) inquire

4) require

А23

1) mild

2) milder

3) mildest

4) mildly

А24

1) at

2) in

3) of

4) to

А25

1) comment

2) cope

3) deal

4) face

А26

l) in

2) on

3) out

4) up

А27

1) price

2) moment

3) time

4) way

А28

1) watching

2) staring

3) seeing

4) observing


muzlanova1    

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  19 ( part 3)

Dolphin Cove

    The day is hot and humid; uncomfortable, so we move to sit in a shaded area. Waiting for the coach to pick us A22 ………………., I read my book but unfortunately I feel unwell. Hoping that it will pass before we arrive A23 ………………. dolphin cove I read to take my mind elsewhere.

    Rebecca sits next to her Dad on the journey. A young couple sit close by and chat to us along the way. I notice how much the boy reminds me of my nephew, just an older version of him. Having got off the coach, we A24 ………………. off towards the beach and Rebecca enjoys a paddle in the sea.

    A while later it is time for me to join my group at the edge of the cove. Rebecca is reluctant to let me go, becoming miserable and wanting to go home. She is upset at the A25 ………………. of having to wait.

    As for me, I can’t wait to get into the water. Swimming over to the far side, refreshing cool water washes over me. Two dolphins appear in the cove weaving through the water. We form a line and they come up in front of us balancing on their tails, fins flapping. It’s amazing being so close. I am overwhelmed, smiling and laughing at the performance they are displaying for us. Now it’s my A26 ………………. to swim. I latch my hands on to their fins feeling their strength as they pull me with force through the water, A27 ………………. on a great ride with intensity.

    To experience this was something I only dreamt of and never in my wildest dreams did I think it would become a fantastic opportunity. I feel so honoured to be with these magnificent creatures in the sea. We are all asked if we would like to participate in the next encounter of being lifted by our feet out of the water. Definitely, I’ll give that a A28 ………………. I A phenomenal privilege: an hour of my life which I will never forget.

А22

1) on

2) out

3) over

4) up

А23

1) in

2) to

3) at

4) on

А24

1) take

2) carry

3) head

4) turn

А25

1) prospect

2) prospectus

3) prospective

4) perspective

А26

1) queue

2) turn

3) try

4) trial

А27

1) encountering

2) entertaining

3) embracing

4) embarking

А28

1) do

2) go

3) make

4) turn


muzlanova1  

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  20  ( part 3)

Waiting for Dad

    Jake was walking home from school. It was a sunny autumn day. He’d usually stamp on the A22 ……………… of leaves on the footpath to hear them crunch under his shoes. But today he ignored them. He was busy planning his project.

    He was used to being home alone. That was because, three years ago, his dad had decided to go back to university, which meant his mum had had to go back to working A23 ……………… . She did a lot of evening shifts because the money was better.

    Jake walked up the stairs onto the veranda and stuck his hand in his pocket for the key but it wasn’t there! Frantically, he tried the front door, knowing it would be locked, then turned around and hurried back up the footpath to see if he could find his key. He walked up the road for two blocks, A24 ……………… the pavement.

    It was no A25 ……………… looking for it; he could have dropped it anywhere. He turned around and went home. He checked his watch. It was four o’clock and his dad would be back by seven. Jake supposed he could read the book he’d borrowed A26 ……………… the school library for his project. The book was really good with wonderful photos of soldiers.

   An hour later he finished the book and felt like having a A27 ……………… but it didn’t feel right to sleep with nothing over you. So he covered his chest with the foot mat and the book was his pillow. When he woke up, the Miller sisters were standing over him, staring.

    ‘Why are you lying on the veranda with a foot mat over you?’ said Adele. ‘It’s A28 ……………… of your business’, Jake thought.

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А22

1) piles

2) bundles

3) sacks

4) flocks

А23

1) long-time

2) half-time

3) full-time

4) peak-time

А24

1) staring

2) skimming

3) scanning

4) looking

А25

1) point

2) use

3) reason

4) aim

А26

1) of

 2) at

3) from

4) in

А27

1) nap

2) dream

3) relax

4) snack

А28

1) nothing

2) not

3) neither

4) none


muzlanova1  

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  21  ( part 3)

Qualities of a Good Leader

How often have you heard the comment, ‘He or she is a born leader’? Whether in fact a person is born a leader or develops skills and abilities to become a leader is open for debate. There are some clear characteristics that are found in good leaders.

First of all, a good leader has an exemplary character. It is of A22 …………….. importance that a leader is trustworthy to lead others. A leader needs to be trusted and be known to live their life with honestly and integrity. A good leader ‘walks the talk’ and in doing so earns the right to have responsibility for others. True authority is born from respect A23 …………….. the good character and trustworthiness of the person who leads.

A good leader is A24 …………….. about their work and also about their role as leader. People will respond more openly to a person of passion and dedication. Leaders need to be able to be a source of inspiration, and be a motivator towards the required action or cause.

A good leader is A25 …………….. to excellence. Second A26 …………….. does not lead to success. The good leader not only maintains high standards, but also is proactive in raising the bar in order to achieve excellence in all areas.

Good leaders are tolerant of ambiguity and remain calm, composed and steadfast to the main purpose. Storms, emotions, and crises come and go and a good leader takes these as part of the journey and keeps a A27 …………….. head.

These personal characteristics are foundational to good leadership and naturally put people in a position where they’re looked A28 …………….. as leaders. A good leader whether they naturally possess these qualities or not, will be diligent to consistently develop and strengthen them in their leadership role.

A22

1) upright

2) upturn

3) utter

4) utmost

A23

1) for

2) to

3) of

4) by

A24

1) enthusiastic

2) devoted

3) fond

4) keen

A25

1) conscious

2) committed

3) delighted

4) respected

A26

l) hand

2) head

3) class

4) best

A27

1) fresh

2) cold

3) cool

4) chilly

A28

1) after

2) over

3) up

4) up to

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Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  22 ( part 3)

Learn How to Sing

Everyone needs to be able to sing. It’s fine if you naturally have perfect A22 ………………., but if not, the embarrassment ruins birthdays and other events. People who can sing take this musical ability A23 ………………. granted. If you can’t sing, people make fun of you, until the teasing just isn’t amusing any longer.

Luckily online courses make it possible to improve your singing voice over the Internet! With the help of technology, these classes are as good as having a real live singing teacher right in your living room. Singing lessons at home are A24 ………………. because you can fit them around your life. They are taken at any time in the privacy of your own home, and if you are very embarrassed, you can do them when nobody else is about to hear. Moreover, vocal lessons you take in your own home allow you to succeed rapidly. You get your singing education at your own A25 ………………. and it’s up to you to decide how fast you will go. This means the course is fully customized for you.

No matter how bad your voice is singing courses can help you, although if you do not have the talent, they will not A26 ……………….you into the next pop star. Most singing courses start off with the simplest of exercises, and as you progress, give you more advanced instructions to help improve your singing skills. Soon you’ll find yourself singing the most complicated melodies, and this will A27 ………………. up your confidence!

Perhaps you would like to sing in a public forum onstage? Does learning about different singing styles and harmonies sound interesting to you? Whatever singing category you are interested A28 ………………., online courses can assist you with your singing goals.                   

                                                             (Adapted from ‘Learn How to Sing’ by Jessica Bloom)

A22

1) vocal

2) pitch

3) hearing

4) ear

A23

1) like

2) as

3) for

4) by

A24

1) convenient

2) comfortable

3) suitable

4) appropriate

A25

1) time

2) risk

3) rate

4) pace

A26

l) lead

2) take

3) turn

4) put

A27

1) raise

2) build

3) increase

4) restore

A28

l) by

2) with

3) in

4) at 


   

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 The Model Millionaire

   Unless one is wealthy there is no A22 ………………. in being a charming fellow. Romance is the privilege of the rich, not the profession of the unemployed. The poor should be practical and prosaic. It is better to have a permanent A23 ………………. than to be fascinating. These are the great truths of modern life which Hughie Erskine never realised. Poor Hughie! Intellectually, we must A24 ………………., he was not of much importance. He never said a brilliant thing in his life. But then he was wonderfully good-looking, with his crisp brown hair, his clear-cut profile, and his grey eyes. He was as popular with men as he was with women, and he had every accomplishment except that of A25 ………………. his living. 

   His father had bequeathed him his cavalry sword, and a History of the Peninsular War in fifteen volumes. Hughie hung the first over his looking-glass, put the second on a shelf between Ruff’s Guide and Bailey’s Magazine, and lived on two hundred a year that an old aunt allowed him. He had tried everything. He had gone to the Stock Exchange for six months; but what was a butterfly to do among bulls and bears? He had been a tea-merchant for a little longer. Then he had tried A26 ………………. dry sherry. That did not answer either. Ultimately he became nothing, a delightful, ineffectual young man with a perfect profile and no profession. 

   To make matters worse, he was in love. The girl he loved was Laura Merton, the daughter of a retired Colonel who had lost his A27 ………………. and his digestion in India, and had never found either of them again. Laura adored him, and he was ready to kiss her shoe-strings. They were the loveliest couple in London, and had not a penny between them. The Colonel was very A28 ………………. of Hughie, but would not hear of any engagement. 

   ‘Come to me, my boy, when you have got ten thousand pounds of your own, and we will see about it,’ he used to say; and Hughie looked very glum on those days, and had to go to Laura for consolation.

А22

1) aim

2) use

3) idea

4) good

А23

1) income

2) outcome

3) payment

4) benefit

А24

1) adopt

2) admit

3) adjust

4) admire

А25

1) doing

2) scratching

3) earning

4) getting

А26

l) selling

2) sell

3) to sell

4) sold

А27

1) temp

2) tempera

3) temperament

4) temper

А28

1) keen

2) enthusiastic

3) fond

4) satisfied


   

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  24 ( part 3)

From Failure to Success

   Failure is something that we all face in our lives. I’ve sure had my A22 ………………. . I remember that by the mid 1990s, I had worked myself all the way from a sales person to Marketing Director of a thriving company only to discover that I really did not like that position. So I did something radical. I decided A23 ………………. that very secure job and start my own advertising based business. It was an original idea in an industry I was very familiar with — a business magazine mailed to local business owners around my community. A great idea plus my hard work ethic would work, I was sure.

   Both my wife and I put everything we had, financially and emotionally, into this idea. It was very exciting to see how fast we acquired our first (and last) 30 clients! Within a couple of months we had a real magazine! Clients were getting fantastic results. There was only one small problem. Although clients were A24 ………………. about the return they were getting, some still had financial problems and couldn’t continue on a regular A25 ………………. . The bottom line was that we eventually A26 ………………. out of money. Then, on top of having to close down the magazine, we even had to sell our car just to pay postage for the last mailing!

   I was devastated … my dream had died. I remember how depressed I was. I had no job, no money, and worst of all — a seriously damaged sense of confidence. Maybe, that’s where you are now.

   It took another two months for me to hit the real bottom when I had to sell our earthquake preparedness kit to buy some food … we were that A27 ………………. . But I didn’t give up hope to find employment. A week later, totally out of the A28 ………………., I received a call from a stranger offering me the best job I’d ever had. An old friend who I hadn’t talked with for years referred me to him. It was nothing short of a miracle, It was eerie.

A22

1) part

2) share

3) number

4) quantity

A23

1) to hire

2) to retire

3) to quit

4) to stop

A24

1) interested

2) keen

3) worried

4) excited

A25

1) basis

2) base

3) system

4) routine

A26

1)expired

2) went

3) ran

4)ended

A27

1) break

2) broke

3) broken up

4) broken-down

A28

1)way

2) sudden

3) frame

4) blue


   

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  25 ( part 3)

Bill, Bingo and Bram

   Bill Smith had a A22 ……………….. with dogs, a kind of power over them. They would sit in awe of him, would listen to him and would slink away sheepishly if they had growled near him. It was a skill I had cause to be thankful for once or twice. The odd thing was that Bram, the last dog Bill owned, had died in 1925 — fifty years distant.

   Bill was a retired, A23 ……………….. bachelor. He lived alone in the small terraced house next door but two from us. A24 ……………….. a number of occasions, I visited Bill’s house, and it seemed that it hadn’t really changed much from the 50s. There were hints that some articles had been undisturbed apart A25 ……………….. the occasional silverfish or visiting woodlouse, since the 1930s.

   He had a picture of a dog in the small converted kitchen which housed his huge solid pillowed chair, newspapers protruding from beneath its seat cushion. It was among one or two other small photos, which A26 ……………….. closer examination were photos of seventeen year old Bill.

   Almost forgotten amid the clutter of pipe cleaners, matches, spills, bits of wire, tea coupons and old Yale keys was a very small dark photo of a black mongrel dog, lying in a backyard. A white stripe down its nose and in between its ears was one of the few ways it was distinguishable from the background gloom. This was Bram, Bill told me, his dog.

   Through the years, my family had a. total of four dogs. We actually had no photographs whatever of the first two. Dogs had only played walk-on parts in my family. As far as I was A27 ……………….., the all defining object in a house was a television. There was one in Bill’s house. It stood like a lonely, redundant sentinel in a dank corner of his empty living room and seemed cold and unused. When I asked Bill what he watched, he answered that the set didn’t work, it needed a new plug, and he hadn’t A28 ……………….. to get it fixed. And what’s more, he didn’t miss it. To me this was unimaginable — how could a person have a TV and not use it?

A22

1) way

2) control

3) method

4) skill

A23

1) long-lasting

2) longterm

3) long-life

4) lifelong

A24

1) On

2) At

3) With

4) For

A25

1) for

2) with

3) from

4) of

A26

1) in

2) on

3) at

4) by

A27

1) regarded

2) concerned

3) told

4) asked

A28

1) suggested

2) succeeded

3) bothered

4) minded


   

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  26 ( part 3)

A Day on the Tennis Court

   Our next opponent in the tennis league, Richmond, came to the match with a dreadful record of 0 wins, 5 losses. The interesting thing about Richmond was their captain. Every captain has a different personality in this league, but I have been warned about Mikhail being a ‘A22 ………………. ‘.

   We hosted Richmond on Saturday. Some of their players, who had paid large A23 ………………. to be a member of their club, seemed annoyed that they had to play on our public courts, a far A24 ………………. from the quality of the typical private club. As their players took the court, Mikhail grabbed a measuring tape out of his bag and measured the height of the net. He complained that the net was a half inch too high and demanded that we drop it. I felt A25 ………………. saying, ‘Look, your team is 0-5, does it really A26 ……………….?’,but instead I lowered the net to his satisfaction.

   Due to Mikhail’s complaints, we started the match about fifteen minutes late. Later in the match, four points into a game, Mikhail called out the score ’40-15.’ ‘No, no. The score is 30 all,’ I said, approaching the net. My partner nodded in agreement.

   After a long argument and attempt to recall all of the points in the game, we could only remember three points. I said, ‘The rule in this case is that we play from 30-15, the specific points in the game we all agree on.’

    ‘No,’ Mikhail said, shaking his head. ‘As server, it’s my call and I say the score is 40-15. That’s the rule.’

    Mikhail went on to win his service game. Then, I started my next service game by shouting the score ’40 — A27 ……………….’.When Mikhail put both hands on his hips in clear protest, I said, ‘As server, it’s my call.’ And the congeniality went down from there.

   We went on to win the match. Afterwards, I learned Mikhail is one of those league players who always have an A28 ………………. for a loss.

А22

1) hurtful

2) boastful

3) handful

4) cupful

А23

1) dues

2) fee

3) price

4) expenses

А24

1) distance

2) way

3) cry

4) fly

А25

1) want

2) need

3) love

4) like

А26

l) mean

2) matter

3) important

4) necessary

А27

l) love

2) like

3) zero

4) nought

А28

1) answer

2) apology

3) excuse

4) objection


   

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  27 ( part 3)

 Way to Success

   When Liz Altung A22 ………………. up her business 18 years ago with Phil Watson, both were attending New York University’s School of Business. A23 ……………….of them realized just how many situations would require their services. 

   Liz had once worked A24 ………………. a translation company, and she knew that the industry was essentially lots of tiny outfits delivering poor quality. She also knew how important it was to translate things accurately — like the instructions for medical devices. Ad companies, too, needed accurate translations that took cultural differences into A25 ………………. . She and Phil were certain that if they delivered a quick, reliable service, they could build an international business that would stand A26 ………………. . 

   They opened their office in Phil’s dormitory room. One of their first jobs was to translate an 800-page feasibility study of a Russian gold mine in 30 days. Once the partners were out of survival mode, they hired people to help grow the company and told them to A27 ………………. their area as if it were their own business. ‘If they did well,’ says Liz, ‘they owned that success.’ 

   Liz and Phil paid themselves $9,000 a year each and invested everything else back into the business. Now the company’s 4,000 linguists cover more than 100 languages. With offices in 57 cities in 18 countries on four continents, they still focus on details. ‘Phil is A28 ……………….at developing systems and creative sales ideas,’ says Liz. ‘I focus on operations and making sure our clients are happy.’

А22

1) organised

2) launched

3) set

4) made

А23

1) Neither

2) None

3) No one

4) Not all

А24

1) as

2) with

3) at

4) for

А25

1) explanation

2) account

3) description

4) relation

А26

1) out

2) for

3) up

4) over

А27

1) treat

2) work

3) hold

4) run

А28

1) expert

2) good

3) qualified

4) skilled


   

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Language Extinction

  Language death is nowadays a phenomenon with a much more frequent A22 …………….. than the death of animals or plants species. Every two weeks, one language goes out of A23 …………….. . Although language extinction is a natural process, it raises controversial issues A24 …………….. to society and culture.

  Linguists have defined a language as being dead the moment its last speaker passes A25 …………….. . What causes the extinction and final death of a language? Usually, a language has higher chances to die when people speaking it are assimilated by other cultures. In this case, the language dies slowly, by merging with the language of the assimilators. Or its death can be a more accelerated process when the speakers A26 …………….. up their own language because they don’t find any benefit in using it. Many of the dying languages have no written records, so once they go, they will be lost forever. Of course, speaking one of these languages is not seen as an asset within the business or working environment today. But it can be an asset from cultural and even scientific point of A27 …………….. .

  Preserving your own language is a proof of self-respect and of respect for your past. Learn as many foreign languages as possible, but never forget your native language just because you can’t find any benefit in using it throughout your day-by-day life. And if you are one of the few speakers of a language, contribute to getting it out of the death threat. A28 …………….. your knowledge with others who are interested in expanding their horizons by learning a foreign language.

А22

1) appearance

2) existence

3) occurrence

4) occasion

А23

1) world

2) use

3) mind

4) way

А24

1) concerned

2) dealing

3) regarding

4) related

А25

1) over

2) away

3) out

4) off

А26

 l) change

2) break

3) end

4) give

А27

1) order

2) interest

3) view

4) opinion

А28

1) Share

2) Give

3) Pass

4) Convey


   

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What Does the Future Hold?

   Have you ever thought about the future? One of the most amazing predictions I have heard about the twenty-first century is that we will be living longer and longer. Scientists will have A22 ……………….. up with a cure for a lot of the most common diseases that people die of at the moment. They say that by the year 2050, the average person’s lifespan will have A23 ……………….. to one hundred years.

  They also predict that work will take A24 ……………….. less of our lives and we will have more free time to spend. Robots, which will look more and more like human beings, will have taken A25 ……………….. a lot of the boring everyday jobs we do today. In the next ten years, the Japanese will have A26 ……………….. a robot that understands human speech. This is not science fiction: the optimists say that by the year 2020 we will have created humanoids with brains similar to those of an adult human being. This will A27 ……………….. about a big change in the way we live.

 However, many experts feel pessimistic about the future. They predict that people themselves will look like robots. They will have microchips in various parts of their body, which will connect them to a wide variety of gadgets. Some experts even see robots as a A28 ……………….. to human freedom. They are afraid that we will not be able to control them and that in the end, they will control us.

[youtube_advanced url=»https://youtu.be/UeNvP3xyIuU» width=»650″ height=»364″ responsive=»no» autohide=»yes»]

А22

l) turned

2) made

3) come

4) found

А23

1) gone

2) risen

3) turned

4) come

А24

1) on

2) up

3) over

4) away

А25

1) up

2) off

3) over

4) in

А26

1) discovered

2) found

3) done

4) invented

А27

1) bring

2) turn

3) take

4) come

А28

1) damage

2) dream

3) threat

4) problem


   

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 The Garden Party

    They could not have had a more perfect day for a garden-party if they had ordered it. Only the blue was veiled with a haze of light gold, as it is sometimes in early summer. The gardener had been up since A22 …………………., mowing the lawns and sweeping them, As for the roses, you could not help feeling they understood that roses are the only flowers that impress people at garden parties, the only flowers that everybody is certain to know. Breakfast was not yet over before the men came to put A23 …………………. the tent. 

    ‘Where do you want the tent put, mother?’ asked Laura. ‘My dear child, it’s no use asking me,’ replied her mother. ‘I’m A24 …………………. to leave everything to my children this year. Forget I am your mother and treat me as an honoured guest.’ 

    Her sister Meg could not A25 …………………. go and supervise the men. She had washed her hair before breakfast, and she sat drinking her coffee in a green turban, with a dark wet curl stamped on each cheek. 

    So Laura flew away, still holding her piece of bread-and-butter. It’s so delicious to have an A26 …………………. for eating out of doors, and besides, she loved having to arrange things. She always felt she could do it so much better than anybody else. Four men in their shirt sleeves stood grouped together on the garden path. They carried staves covered with rolls of canvas, and they had big A27 …………………. bags slung on their backs. They looked impressive. Laura wished now that she had not got the breadand-butter, but there was nowhere to put it, and she couldn’t throw it A28 …………………. She blushed and tried to look severe as she came up to them. 

A22

1) gloaming

2) breakday

3) dusk

4) dawn

A23

1) on

2) up

3) down

4) out

A24

1) dreaming

2) assured

3) determined

4) decided

A25

1) particularly

2) possibly

3) especially

4) usually

A26

1) excuse

2) explanation

3) idea

4) allowance

A27

1) equipment

2) gadget

3) appliance

4) tool

A28

1) off

2) down

 3) away

4) aside


   

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 Buying Gloves in Gibraltar

   A very handsome young lady in the store A22 …………… me a pair of blue gloves. I did not want blue, but she said they would look very pretty on a hand like mine. The remark touched me tenderly. I A23 …………… furtively at my hand, and somehow it did seem rather a comely member. I tried a glove on my left hand and blushed. Obviously, the size was too small for me. The lady said, ‘Oh! I see you are accustomed A24 ……………wearing kid gloves while some gentlemen are so awkward about putting them on.’ 

   It was the last compliment I had expected. I only understand about putting on the buckskin article perfectly. I A25 ……………another effort, and tore the glove from the base of the thumb into the palm of the hand, and tried to hide the tear. She kept up her compliments, and I kept up my determination to A26 …………… them or die. 

   I was hot, vexed, confused, yet still happy, but I hated the other boys for taking such an absorbing interest in the proceedings. To A27 …………… the truth, I felt exquisitely mean when I said cheerfully, ‘This one does very well; it A28 …………… elegantly. No, never mind, ma’am, never mind, I’ll put the other one in the street. It is warm here.’ 

   I paid the bill, and, as I passed out with a fascinating bow, I thought I detected a light in the woman’s eye that was gently ironical, and when I looked back from the street, she was laughing to herself about something. I tried to remember why I had entered the store in the first place, and whether I should return tomorrow to complete my initial mission. 

А22

1) proposed

2) suggested

3) put forward

4) offered

А23

1) saw

2) glanced

3) studied

4) watched

А24

1) at

2) by

3) with

4) to

А25

1) made

2) did

 3) took

4) gave

А26

l) take

2) give

3) deserve

4) reserve

А27

1) tell

2) speak

3) say

4) talk

А28

1) corresponds

2) is

3) sits

4) fits


muzlanova1    
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  01  ( part 3)

 Charity 

      A lot of people in our world have little or no money at all. Many of them are homeless and can’t enjoy what most of us take for A22 granted. They need our help and there are a lot of charity organizations to help poor people. Because of charities many homeless people have shelters, hungry children have been fed, a lot of diseases have already been A23 cured and many animals are safe. 

      Around the world there are a lot of children who suffer from different diseases, running A24 out of time and hope. The biggest charity project in Russia is ‘Contribution to the Future’ whose goal is to help any child in need. Its programmes help poor, homeless and disabled children.

      There are a lot of people in the world who have chosen charity as their main mission in life. One of the most famous missionaries was Mother Teresa. She lived the hard life of the poor alongside them; she knew how it felt sleeping on hard floors and living on dirty streets. And because she was experiencing A25 first-hand what the people she was helping were going through, she so effectively knew how to give. Besides meeting people’s basic physical needs by giving them food and medicine, she met people’s emotional needs as well.

      A lot of rich people also feel the necessity to help the poor. For example, Bill Gates is a famous billionaire, but he is also a noted philanthropist who donated the proceeds of his successful books to A26 non-profit educational organizations. He has also given millions to initiatives in global health and learning, hoping to A27 enable  more and more people to have access to A28 vital facilities in these areas. A good example is the opening of ‘The School of the Future’ in Philadelphia, sponsored by his company ‘Microsoft’.

      The spirit of philanthropy is not about what or how much you give but rather about the feeling that you are helping others in need.

   A22

1) common

2) granted

Take for granted — считать само собой разумеющимся; устоявшееся выражение

3) usual

4) life

A23

1) recovered

2) healed

3) cared

4) cured

Cure (a) disease — лечить болезнь; три других слова не употребляются с disease

A24

1) with

2) out

3) of

4) out of

Smb run out of time — у кого-то заканчивается время; устоявшееся выражение

A25

1) first-hand

из собственного опыта, из первых рук

2) first-rate

первоклассный

3) first-time

нет такого слова

4) first-ever

начальный, первоначальный

A26

l) unprofit

нет такого слова

2) unprofitable

нерентабельный,невыгодный

3) non-profit

некоммерческий

4) non-profitable

нет такого слова

A27

1) unable

неспособный

2) enable

давать возможность

3) let

употребляется без TO

4) make

употребляется без TO

A28

1) visible

видимый; очевидный

2) vigorous

энергичный, решимый

3) vivid

живой, яркий

4) vital

необходимый для жизни, жизненный

[youtube_advanced url=»https://youtu.be/UeNvP3xyIuU» width=»650″ height=»364″ responsive=»no» autohide=»yes»]


muzlanova1    
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The Archipelago

    In the remote southern seas there is a cluster of islands. Each island is inhabited by a different race of people. Although physically they look alike, you can tell them A22 apart by their styles of dress and their distinctive dialects. Each island has its own unique form of architecture. The only similarity between them is that each race builds in a manner that is A23 at odds with the environment. On rocky hillsides there are wooden huts and in wooded valleys you can see towns of brick. Arid uplands are irrigated and planted with leafy gardens, whereas, on fertile plains, the parks are paved with stone. A24 Despite their differences, the islanders coexist peacefully. There is rivalry over certain fishing waters but it rarely A25 amounts to more than a few heated exchanges.

    At the centre of the archipelago, perhaps in the most favoured spot of all, lies an island that has been deserted for many generations. It looks very different from the rest: darker, taller, silent. There is no obvious reason A26 for its abandonment as it has good soil and plenty of freshwater.

    Long ago, it was inhabited by farmers and fishermen much like everywhere else in the archipelago, but everything changed when they started building the first wall. As soon as it was finished a second circle of battlements began to rise from the centre, slightly narrower than the one before, so that from faraway the island A27 resembled an enormous wedding cake.

     Nobody can explain why the wall was started but there are many theories as to why it was never finished. Some say that so many had perished during its construction, that no one dared halt the work and thereby admit that it had all been in vain. Others claim that the builders simply A28 ran out of materials. But one thing is certain, the predicted threat never arrived and the people at the centre of the archipelago had, quite simply, bricked themselves in.

A22

1) out

2) off

3) apart

Tell apart — различать, отличать; устоявшееся выражение

4) aside

A23

1) over

2) at

Be at odds — находиться в противоречии, не соответствовать; устоявшееся выражение

3) against

4) on

A24

1) Despite

несмотря на

2) In spite

употребляется с OF

3) Besides

кроме того

4) Although

хотя

A25

1) raises

Raise (smb.) to — повышать (в звании, должности)

 2) attains

Attain to — добиваться, достигать

3) amounts

Amount to — равняться, составлять

4) achieves

Употребляется без TO

A26

1) with

2) to

3) of

4) for

Из всех слов reason употребляется только с FOR

A27

1) recollected

Recollect — припоминать, вспоминать

2) reminded

Remind — напоминать

3) resembled

Resemble — походить, иметь сходство

4) remembered

Remember — помнить

A28

1) went

2) ran

Run out of smth — кончаться, иссякать; устоявшееся выражение

3) grew

4) came

[youtube_advanced url=»https://youtu.be/UeNvP3xyIuU» width=»650″ height=»364″ responsive=»no» autohide=»yes»]


muzlanova1    
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Globalization and Communication Growth

    The 21st century has A22 ushered in a new era in man’s ongoing quest for a better life and a better world. For the first time in history, we can now claim to live in ‘One World.’ Globalization has removed many of the gaps that have existed between and among nations. While the physical divide is still present, the A23 impact of the Information Highway on how we communicate and live in the present day is simply staggering. Rapid improvements in information technology have allowed us to exchange information and communicate almost everywhere, anywhere, and anytime.

   Globalization, as a general term, is best understood as the spread of ideas about the environment, democracy, human rights, and less complicated issues like fashion and fads. Global exchange is now taking place as the market of ideas, culture, and beliefs expand through the use of technology. The nature of business and how it is done has also improved by A24 leaps and bounds because of globalization.

    An example of the remarkable effects of globalization is the invention of the telephone and the television. Television has enabled young people and adults to have the ability to share cultural and ethnic experiences with others. Telephones have also greatly improved communication. Gone are the weeks and even months of waiting for a letter. Anybody can talk to anyone who has another phone A25 regardless of distance or location on the planet. With the aid of satellites, 3rd generation phones allow us to make a phone call, send a video, or even receive an e-mail. These A26 breakthroughs in communication have revolutionized business, commerce, and even the personal lives and relationships of millions of people.

   Because of the electronic media, vast amounts of important information can reach any parts of the globe in A27 no time. Business establishments, whether big or small, are using the Internet in many ways to build or expand their company’s growth. With the ever improving technology come new markets, high A28 demand for products, and also greater competition. Making investments in information and communication technology is now a must for any business enterprise.

A22

1) started

начал, начался

2)began

начал, начался

3) ushered

Ushered inвозвестил

4) launched

пустился

A23

1) cause

причина

2) impact

влияние, воздействие

3) consequences

последствия

4) result

результат

A24

1) bonds

2) gaps

3) jumps

4) leaps

by leaps and bounds — скачкообразно, стремительно; устоявшееся выражение

A25

1) regardless

Не взирая на

2) despite

Не употребляется с OF

3) notwithstanding

Не употребляется с OF

4) because

По причине, из-за

A26

1) breakbeats

Танцевальный музыкальный стиль

2) breakdowns

Поломки

3) breakouts

Вспышки (инфекции)

4) breakthroughs

Прорывы, достижения

A27

1) any

2) no

In no time — моментально,мгновенно; устоявшееся выражение

3) none of

4) some

A28

1) access

Не употребялется с FOR

2) claim

заявление

3) demand

спрос

4) rise

Не употребялется с FOR


   
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Machu Picchu

    In a way, it’s wonderful that Machu Picchu can nowadays be visited on a day A22 trip from Cuzco. Everyone probably should have a chance to see this remarkable place.

    Like many travellers, I hoped to get a taste of Machu Picchu’s ‘lost in the clouds’ atmosphere by approaching the ruins on foot A23 via the Inca trail. I joined the obligatory tour group in Cuzco, then spent the next four days surrounded by others making the classic pilgrimage. Along the way, we crossed several breathtaking Andean passes, treading on original Inca paving stones, and passing several other fine ruins.

    Our last A24 overnight stop was at an exquisitely beautiful site called Huinay Huayna, where dozens of impossibly steep terraces cascade into a deep green gorge backed by a high waterfall. My new-found travelling companions included five Argentines who A25 shared my interest in exploring Huinay Huayna by moonlight.

    The only problem was a slight difference in styles. Mine was more along the lines of silent and meditative contemplation; theirs involved a ritualistic circle chant, led by the charismatic lone male in the group whom I thereafter nicknamed the Warlock. Absenting myself from the circle that night, I made a mental note to A26 keep my distance from them the next day at Machu Picchu.

    Before dawn the following morning we climbed to the mountaintop Gateway of the Sun, hoping for the classic panoramic view of Machu Picchu before the tour buses arrived. Unfortunately, the weather did not cooperate. With dozens of other disappointed trekkers, I shivered on the hilltop in chilly fog for two hours, waiting for a sunrise that never came, then trudged down the hill to Machu Picchu itself. As I A27 descended, the clouds started lifting, revealing the place to be every bit as spectacular as I could have hoped. By day’s end, my tour group had dispersed, apparently preferring a hot bath. I, however, felt I was just A28 scratching the surface. 

А22

1) travel

Путешествие, как целый комплекс мероприятий: подготовка, поездка, времяпрепровождение; также употребляется в словосочетаниях(travel agency и т.д.)

2) voyage

Морское путешествие

3) journey

Длительная поездка

4) trip

Короткая поездка (как правило туда и обратно)

А23

1) with

с

2) via

путем, через

3) across

сквозь, через

4) over

над

А24

1) overall

2) overhead

3) overnight

Overnight stop — остановка на ночь; устоявшееся выражение

4) overday

А25

1) captured

2) shared

Share one’s interest in smthразделятьинтересвчемлибо

3) kept

4) held

А26

1) keep

Keep a/one’s distance from smb/smth — держать дистанцию, держаться подальше от кого-либо, чего-либо

2) hold

3) take

4) use

А27

1) descended

Descend — спускаться, сходить

2) ascended

Ascend — подниматься

3) attended

Attend — посещать

4) pretended

Pretend — притворяться

А28

1) reaching

2) touching

3) scratching

scratch the surface — относиться поверхностно, не вникать

4) patching


   
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The Changing World of Computers

     Computers are rapidly changing the way we do things. For a technology that is still relatively new, their A22 impact on the business and consumer sector has been incomprehensible. As if it was not sufficient to own one computer, many people nowadays have a few of them. We think we need a desktop computer, a laptop computer, and a bunch of little computers in our phones and music players, even A23 though they actually do the same thing. Now that everybody has their desktops and laptops, and we are all able to A24 access the Internet anytime we want to, our world has turned into a virtual playground. We can now connect with our foreign neighbours in a matter of seconds, A25  regardless of how far away they are from us. It’s as if we no longer have borders in this highly digital world of ours.

     Desktops have always been a great option, but the problem with them is that they are not mobile. They have all the A26 capabilities of other computers, but it can be annoying at times to have to sit in the same spot while working. For businesses and personal offices, desktop computers are still the favoured option because of their power. But when people have to be connected while travelling, the need for laptops really becomes apparent. The main advantage of laptops is the ability to communicate with people no A27 matter where you are. Our society has been converted into one that has to have all the latest gadgets. Some people even A28 look down on others if they still have last year’s model of some gadget. Those people will always be behind the curve just because of how fast technology is advancing now.

А22

1) affect

Аффект

2) role

Не может быть употреблено с ON

3) impact

Воздействие, влияние

4) value

Не может быть употреблено с ON

А23

1) though

Even though — хотя, дажеесли

2) now

сейчас

3) so

так

4) as

как

А24

1) register

В основных значениях употребляется с предлогами (регистрироваться, запечатлеваться, достигнуть и т.д.)

2) log

Пилить (лес, стройматериалы),в других значениях употребляется с предлогами

3) connect

Употребляется с предлогом (with, to и т.д.)

4) access

Иметь, получить доступ

А25

1) regardless

Не обращая внимания на, невзирая на

2) regarding

Не употребляется с OF

3) in spite

Несмотря на

4) despite

Не употребляется с OF

А26

1) qualities

качества

2) skills

навыки

3) capabilities

возможности

4) traits

характерные черты, особенности

А27

1) trouble

No trouble — без неприятностей, беспокойств

2) matter

No matter — неважно

3) doubt

No doubt — без сомнений

4) problem

No problem —безпроблем

А28

1) turn

2) fall

3) come

4)look

Look down on smb — смотреть свысока на кого-либо; другие 3 слова не могут быть употреблены с down on smb


   
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All Alone

    A sickly grey invaded the evening sky and infused with the dusky blue from the afternoon’s thunderstorm. In the musky air there seemed to be a sweet scent lingering, along with the choking smell of cigarette smoke. Fireflies dangled in the air like puppets, their colour almost drowned out from the rain. Their amber hue seemed to be the only source of light.

    Charlotte dragged her feet across the leaves on the ground while swallowing the dreary landscape she had just walked a mile to. She inhaled. Heavy air filled her lungs and caused her to splutter in the dark. Silence crept in, and it haunted her. There was nowhere to A22 seek help.

    Where were the others? She A23  scanned every ledge, every forest entry, every sharp rock. She acknowledged that the scene was just perfect for another practical joke. How surprising that they’d abandoned her here. They A24 picked on her not just because she was the biggest loser in school; skinny, asthmatic, anti-social, afraid of everything, but mostly because she was liable to fall A25 for the same tricks over and over again.

    Panicking, Charlotte’s hands trembled as her eyes jolted back and A26 forth across the horizon. How fitting it was that she should be afraid of the dark. Maybe she should never have agreed to go. She was A27 reluctant to answer ‘Yes’. Why were the popular ones asking her to hang out? Why wasn’t it the science geeks or the library nerds? She was told there was a first for everything, but she’d always be a loner.

    Her eyes fixed on a moving figure, too dark to know if it was human, and too scared to know it as anything else. She looked around, and realised she had been standing under a jagged ledge, threatening to engulf her in a sea of knife-edged rocks. In the dark she could’ve sworn it was a giant claw. She turned around and planned an escape A28 route.

А22

1) ask

2) look

3) search

4) seek

Seek help — обращаться за помощью; устоявшееся выражение

А23

1) looked

Употребляется с предлогом

2) scanned

Внимательно изучать, просматривать

3) skimmed

Едва касаться, нестись

4) stared

Употребляется с предлогом

А24

1) joked

2) laughed

3) picked

Pick on smb — выбирать кого-либо в качестве жертвы, дразнить;

Остальные 3 слова не употребляются с ON в таком контексте

4) teased

А25

1) for

Fall for smth — попадаться на удочку, улов и т.д.

2) on

Fall on smth/smb — приходить (о болезне, беде), охватывать ( о чувстве); нападать

3) over

Fall over smth — падать (откуда-либо)

4) with

Fall with smth — нет такого фразового глагола

А26

1) ahead

2) forth

Back and forth — взад и вперед; устоявшееся выражение

3) forward

4) onward

А27

1) cautious

Не употребляется с TO

2) doubtful

Не употребляется с TO

3) opposed

Выступающий против чего-либо

4) reluctant

Сопротивляющийся, делающий что-либо с неохотой

А28

1) route

маршрут

2) road

дорога

3) way

путь

4) course

курс


   
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Benefits of Healthy Food

 There are some benefits of consuming healthy and nutritious food. The main advantage of eating healthily is that you can make your immune system strong and A22 get rid of viral, bacterial and other health related issues like heart or blood pressure problems. Stronger immune system is the most basic requirement of any human body for efficient performance.

Besides, eating the right kind of food at the right time will definitely A23  prevent you from getting obese. Obesity leads to other diseases, too. So if you are not obese yet, then it’s better to start taking care of your own body by eating healthy and nutritious food. This will ensure that your body weight is maintained according to your height and you will not have to look A24 for weight loss diet plans or fitness centers.

What is more, eating healthy and nutritious food will make your entire day full of energy. You will feel energetic and fresh and will be able to work for more time, which will indirectly increase your performance at school or in the office.

 However, in today’s advanced world you may not have enough time to follow a routine and you may A25 end up eating food at irregular time. And A26 due to this you may not get time to prepare yourself a healthy meal and eat at the right time.

As your work gets harder and tougher, your body needs healthy and nutritious food. No one else except you can A27 make sure that your body is getting healthy food. Last but not A28 least we would like to mention is to do a regular workout. With healthy and nutritious food, it is essential that you do regular workout so that your weight is maintained and you are active and fit.

А22

1) eliminate

2) do away

3) cut out

4) get rid

Get rid of smth — избавиться от чего-либо; устоявшееся выражение

А23

1) prevent

Prevent from — предотвращать, препятствовать

2) avoid

Не употребляется с FROM

3) hold

Не употребляется с FROM

4) warn

Не употребялется с FROM

А24

1) at

Look at — смотреть на

2) to

Look to — нет такого фразового глагола

3) for

Look for — искать

4) on

Look on — наблюдать со стороны

А25

1) take

Take up doing smth — заниматься чем-либо, браться за что-либо

2) carry

Carry up doing smth — неттакогосочетания

3) bring

bring up doing smth — неттакогосочетания

4) end

End up doing smthкончитьчемлибо

А26

1) thank

2) due

Due to — из-за, по причине; другие 3 слова с TO не употребляются

3) so

4) because

А27

1) keep

2) take

3) make

Make sure — убеждаться; устоявшееся выражение

4) for

А28

1) least

Last but not least — хотя и последний, но не менее важный; устоявшееся выражение

2) worst

3) best

4) most


   
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Luck

About forty years ago I was an instructor in the military academy at Woolwich. I was present in one of the sections when young Scoresby A22 underwent his preliminary examination. I was touched to the quick with pity because the rest of the class answered up brightly and handsomely while he didn’t know anything, so to speak. All the compassion in me was aroused in his behalf. I understood that when he came to be examined again, he would be flung over, so it would be simply a harmless act of A23 charity to ease his fall as much as I could.

 I took him aside, and found that he knew a little of Caesar’s history; and as he didn’t know anything else, I went to work and drilled him like a galley slave on a certain line of stock questions concerning Caesar which I knew would be used. You won’t believe me but he went through with flying A24 colours on examination day! He went through on that purely superficial ‘cram,’ and got compliments too, while others, who knew a thousand times more than he, got plucked. A25 By some strangely lucky accident, he was asked no question outside of the narrow limits of his drill.

It was stupefying. Now of course the thing that would A26 expose him and kill him at last was mathematics. I A27 resolved to make his death as easy as I could. So I drilled· him and crammed him just on the line of questions which the examiners would be most likely to use, and then launched him on his fate. Well, try to A28 conceive of the result: to my consternation, he took the first prize! And with it he got a perfect ovation in the way of compliments.

А22

1) undertook

Совершил, предпринял

2) underscored

Акцентировал, подчеркнул

3) understood

Понял

4) underwent

Подвергся, прошел (испытание)

А23

1) charity

милосердие

2) cruelty

жестокость

3) loyalty

преданность; лояльность

4) bravery

смелость

А24

1) marks

2) grades

3) colours

Go through/comeoff with flying colours — добиться успеха, одержать победу; устоявшееся выражение

4) banners

А25

1) Under

2) In

3) With

4) By

By accident — случайно, непреднамеренно; с другими тремя предлогами accident не употребляется в таком контексте

А26

1) find

находить

2) expose

разоблачать

3) denounce

осуждать, обвинять

4) injure

ранить, ушибить

А27

1) suggested

2) settled

3) solved

4) resolved

Принял решение; другие 3 слова не подходят ни по смыслу, ни грамматически

А28

1) conceive

conceive of -представлять, воображать; другие 3 слова не употребляются с OF в таком контексте

2) imagine

3) predict

4) foretell


   
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Side by Side

    Melissa dropped into a chair in front of her manager’s cherry veneer desk. ‘I don’t know how people with kids can do this job,’ the 25-year-old radio advertising sales rep said.

    Her boss, Laurie Thompson, had heard such self-doubt before. Her six salespeople at Connoisseur Media in Erie often popped into her office to give vent to their A22 frustrations about a tough day of cold-calling.

    Laurie nodded. She didn’t have children, A23 devoting herself instead to a sales career, running marathons, cycling, sailing and spending time with her husband. ‘I don’t think I’ll ever have kids, though that would really disappoint my parents,’ Melissa said.

    ‘Why? Because you’re A24 an only child?’ Laurie asked. Melissa said her parents would be disappointed because they A25 longed for grandkids. Then she added, almost as an afterthought, ‘I was adopted.’ From the time she was tiny, Melissa knew that she was adopted.

    Her new parents were always open with their daughter about where she came from. Along the way, Melissa grew A26 accustomed to questions from people who had learnt she was adopted. So she wasn’t at all A27  hesitant  about answering her boss that afternoon.

    ‘Have you ever had a desire to meet your real parents?’ Laurie asked.

    ‘Not really,’ Melissa said. ‘It’s not that I don’t want to. It’s just that I haven’t got around to it. And I don’t feel like I’m missing anything. My parents are wonderful.’

    Melissa laughed and was about to leave when Laurie asked her another question.

   ‘When were you born?’

   ‘April 14, 1981.’ Then, feeling she’d taken A28 up enough of her boss’s time, Melissa said goodbye and headed home.

А22

1) happiness

счастье

2) joy

радость

3) frustrations

чувство разочарования, неудовлетворенности

4) tears

слезы

А23

1) preparing

Prepare — подготавливать(ся)

2) concentrating

Сoncentratе — концентрировать(ся)

3) involving

Involve — вовлекать

4) devoting

Devote — посвящать, отдавать

А24

1) —

2) the

3) a

4) an

Перед гласным звуком ставим AN

А25

1) wanted

2) needed

3) desired

4) longed

Long for — страстно желать чего-либо; другие 3 слова с FOR не употребляются

А26

1) accustomed

Accustom to — приучать к чему-либо; 3 других слова не употребляются с TO

2) annoyed

3) anxious

4) ashamed

А27

1) conscious

2) hesitant

Hesitant about -сомневающийся,колеблющийся;3 других слова не употребляются с ABOUT

3) interested

4) reluctant

А28

1) in

Take in — ушивать одежду; принимать гостя; собирать

2) over

Take over — принимать (должность, обязанности); вступать во владение

3) on

Take on — принимать на службу, работу; бросать вызов

4) up

Take up — отнимать (время и т.д.); занимать (место)

[youtube_advanced url=»https://youtu.be/UeNvP3xyIuU» width=»650″ height=»364″ responsive=»no» autohide=»yes»]

 


muzlanova1    
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  10  ( part 3)

Thanksgiving Day

    We A22 take Thanksgiving for granted as a day to watch football, spend time with our families, or eat, but 150 years ago, it wasn’t even a national holiday. For the settlers, that meal was at first thought of as a one-time thing. They had no idea this event would become the A23 cornerstone of the Thanksgiving customs we now share throughout the United States and Canada.

    However, that first celebration didn’t A24 resemble our modern traditions much. The meat served was likely goose or duck. And there was probably a bit of fish there, too. There were no potatoes, no pie, no stuffing, and no cranberries. Nowadays Thanksgiving dinner is a meal custom-made for overeating. So it helps to A25 pay attention and to have some thoughtful strategies to avoid that uncomfortable feeling of being stuffed. Thanksgiving is one of the few holidays where most of my family all get together to celebrate. In the first week of November the family decides whose house we will have Thanksgiving dinner at. It usually ends A26 up being my sisters’ house because it is · the biggest, and most convenient.

    We A27 set up a table for the children and the adults can choose to eat at a different table, or in the living room with the game on. During the day, while turkey is being cooked, the adults watch a football game, or just hang out and chat. The children are free to go outside if the weather is good, or play inside with their toys.

    We usually arrange the food in a buffet style. The children are served first and when they are all set at their table, the adults dig in. While we are eating, there is a lot of talking, and catching up. Then we start to clean up and make up some plates to each take home, and look A28 forward to Christmas.

А22

1) take

Take (smth) for granted — считать само собой разумеющимся; устоявшееся выражение

2) know

3) make

4) judge

А23

1) tombstone

надгробие

2) headstone

надгробие

3) cornerstone

краеугольный камень

4) flagstone

плита (для мощения)

А24

1) recall

Recall — вспоминать

2) resemble

Resemble — походить, иметь сходство

3) remind

Remind — напоминать

4) remember

Remember — помнить

А25

1) give

2) hold

3) pay

Pay attention — обращать внимание; устоявшееся выражение

4) turn

А26

1) at

2) off

3) out

4) up

End up doing smth — кончить чем-либо; устоявшееся выражение

А27

1) arrange

Arrange up — нет такого сочетания

2) do

Do up — ремонтировать

3) lay

Lay up — откладывать, делать запасы

4) set

Set up — устанавливать, ставить

А28

1) at

Look at to — нет такого сочетания

2) for

Look for to — нет такого сочетания

3) forward

Look forward to — ожидать чего-либо с нетерпением

4) up

Look up to — смотреть с почтением


muzlanova1    
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  11  ( part 3)

The Guest

    ‘The landscape seen from our windows is certainly charming,’ said Annabel; ‘those cherry orchards and green meadows, and the river winding along the valley. However, nothing ever happens here. Rather dreadful, isn’t it?’

    ‘On the A22 contrary, ‘ said Matilda, ‘I find it soothing and restful; but then, you see, I’ve lived in countries where things do happen, especially when you’re not ready for them happening all at once.’

    ‘That, of course, makes a A23 difference, ‘ said Annabel.

    ‘I’ll never forget,’ said Matilda, ‘the occasion when the Bishop of Bequar A24 paid us an unexpected visit.’

    ‘I thought that out there you were always prepared for emergency guests turning A25  up, ‘ said Annabel.

   ‘I was quite prepared for half a dozen Bishops,’ said Matilda, ‘but it was rather disconcerting to find out that this particular one was a distant cousin of mine, belonging to a branch of the family that had quarrelled bitterly and offensively with our branch about a Crown Derby dessert service. To make A26 matters worse, my husband was away, talking sense to a village community that fancied one of their leading men was a were-tiger.’

    ‘A what tiger?’

    ‘A were-tiger; you’ve heard of were-wolves, haven’t you, a mixture of wolf and human being and demon? Well, in those parts they have were-tigers, or think they have, and I must say that in this case they had every ground for thinking so. However, as we gave A27 up witchcraft prosecutions about three hundred years ago, we don’t like to have other people keeping on our discarded practices.’

    ‘I hope you weren’t unkind to the Bishop,’ said Annabel.

    ‘Well, of course he was my guest, so I had to be outwardly polite to him, but he was tactless enough to rake up the incidents of the old quarrel, and from that moment we were scarcely on speaking A28 terms.

А22

1) contrast

2) contrary

On the contrary — наоборот; устоявшееся выражение

3) inside

4) opposite

А23

1) statement

Make a statementсделатьзаявление

2) splash

Make a splash — произвести сенсацию

3) move

Make a move — сделать шаг по отношению к мужчине/женщине (в романтическом смысле)

4) difference

Make a differenceестьроазница

А24

1) paid

Pay a visit — навестить; устоявшееся выражение

2) sent

3) made

4) gave

А25

1) to

Turn to — нет такого фразового глагола

2) over

Turn over — переворачивать, перелистывать

3) up

Turn up — появляться (неожиданно)

4) in

Turn in — отказываться от своей должности

А26

l) issues

2) matters

To make matters worseхужетого; устоявшеесявыражение

3) problems

4) situation

А27

l) in

Give in — соглашаться, уступать

2) up

Give up — бросить делать что-либо (дурное, привычку и т.д.)

3) away

Give away — раздавать (бесплатно)

4) out

Give out — испускать, выделять (свет, звук)

А28

1) conditions

2) relationships

3) relations

4) terms

On terms — на каких-либо условиях; устоявшееся выражение

[youtube_advanced url=»https://youtu.be/UeNvP3xyIuU» width=»650″ height=»364″ responsive=»no» autohide=»yes»]


muzlanova1    
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  12  ( part 3)

What a Trick!

    Lisa and I have been friends since the third grade. We both loved to ride our bikes and loved spending the holidays, weekends, and summers together.

    One summer, we settled A22 on cleaning up her room. As soon as we started, Lisa’s mom called her for some help. Vacuuming was my favorite part of cleaning, so I decided to clean up every spot. When I bent over to suck up the dust under the dresser, I found a book with the word DIARY on it.

    The book was bright pink and looked more like old scraps of paper than a diary. Usually I would not snoop in private belongings, but when I picked it up from underneath the dresser I saw that the pages were messed up and I decided to put them back together. While doing so, I saw my name in a passage that really A23 caught my attention: ‘It made me cry when Papa told me we’re moving to Sri Lanka. He told me not to tell Nadine because it might break her heart. Well, I will just enjoy the last summer I have now.’

    Friends help me realize my good qualities. Even though I felt A24 distraught over the situation, I decided not to spoil our friendship. At that point, I A25 made a vow to give Lisa the best summer I could.

    The next day, Lisa had complete control. I A26 let her do things I even hated doing. We went to the boring museum. We watched her stupid brother, Line, do his band show. Finally, Lisa became A27 aware of what I was doing. ‘Why are you doing all this? It’s not my birthday or anything.’

    ‘Lisa, I know you’re moving to Sri Lanka. I’ve read your diary,’ I confessed.

    ‘Are you talking about this?’ Lisa held up the same pink notepad I saw the previous day and started to laugh. ‘This notebook isn’t my diary. It was a novel I started on. I was making a story about you and me.’

     I felt relieved but confused and I couldn’t A28 help but ask, ‘What about the title? It does say ‘DIARY’ on it?’

    ‘I put that there so no one would read it until I finished. Do you really think I would move to Sri Lanka and not tell you? Ha, that’s a laugh!’ Lisa exploded with unstoppable laughter.

[youtube_advanced url=»https://youtu.be/UeNvP3xyIuU» width=»650″ height=»364″ responsive=»no» autohide=»yes»]

А22

1) on

Settle on doing smth — устроиться, расположиться, чтобы приступить к какому-либо делу; другие 3 слова не подходят ни по смыслу, ни грамматически

2) down

3) up

4) for

А23

1) paid

Pay one’s attentionнеттакогосочетания

2) held

Hold one’s attentionнеттакогосочетания

3) kept

Keep one’s attentionудерживатьвнимание

4) caught

Catch one’s attentionпойматьвнимание

А24

1) distracted

2) distraught

Distraught over (at/with) — смущенный, смятенный; 3 других слова не употребляются с OVER

3) distort

4) distrust

А25

1) broke

Break a vow нарушитьклятву

2) did

Did a vow — нет такого сочетания

3) made

Make a vowдатьклятву

4) said

Say a vow — нет такого сочетания

А26

1) allowed

Не употребляется без TO

2) got

Не употребляется без TO в таком контексте

3) let

позволять

4) made

заставлять

А27

1) surprised

2) interested

3) keen

4) aware

Be aware of  — быть осведомленным о чем-либо, знать; 3 других слова не употребляются с OF

А28

1) stand

2) help

Couldn’t help but do smth — не мог удержаться; устоявшаяся конструкция

3) wait

4) feel


muzlanova1    
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  13  ( part 3)

The Phoenix Legend

    This magical, mythical bird has long been a part of legends, dating A22 back to ancient civilizations. In today’s culture, the phoenix’s legend is still going A23 strong, with a major city in the United States named after the resurrecting beast and popular books and movies, including the phenomenally successful ‘Harry Potter’ series encompassing the bird into characters and plots.

    Since the story has come A24 down to us through the oral tradition, there is no single version of it. It varies from teller to teller — each adding something of their own and changing tiny aspects of it. A25 Nonetheless, the main facts of the legend of the Phoenix remain intact, even though the myth has been adulterated.

    According to the legend, the Phoenix is a supernatural creature that has an incredibly long A26 lifespan, stretching to at least a thousand years. It cannot fall sick or get injured at any point in its lifetime. However, some believe that it does get affected by disease or drought, which leads it to prematurely enter the next phase of its life.

    Once that time is over, the bird builds its own funeral pyre. The traditional story goes that the phoenix ignites himself, burns to ash, and then rises again from the ashes to live another thousand years. This triumph over adversity has caused the bird to become the A27 mascotor symbol of many groups and organizations. Once the bird is born from ashes, the cycle begins anew.

    Another version of the story is that before the fire consumes the bird, it lays an egg, which hatches a new phoenix. This phoenix will live to be a thousand years old before having an A28 offspring in the same method. There is no way of ascertaining which version of the story is true, but all of them express the same theme: the triumph over adversity.

А22

1) from

2) back

Date back to — датироваться, восходить к определенной эпохе; устоявшееся выражение

3) away

4) through

А23

1) healthy

2) strong

Be going strong — быть в самом разгаре, в полной силе; устоявшееся выражение

3) alive

4) fine

А24

1) back

2) round

3) forward

4) down

Come down to — обращаться к, доходить; другие 3 слова не могут быть здесь употреблены ни по смыслу ни грамматически

А25

1) As a result

Как результат

2) Therefore

По этой причине

3) Nonetheless

Несмотря на, однако

4) Regardless

Невзирая ни на что

А26

1) lifespan

Продолжительность жизни;

Других трех слов не существует

2) lifespin

3) lifescan

4) lifespam

А27

1) pendant

подвеска, брелок

2) anthem

гимн

3) mascot

талисман

4) amulet

амулет

А28

1) ancestor

предок

2) offspring

потомок

3) predecessor

предшественник

4) offcut

отрезок, обрезок


muzlanova1    
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Leisure Activities in Japan

    The use of leisure time has become an ever greater focus of attention in Japan, as a result of higher A22 incomes, expanding leisure time and a growing interest in nature. This trend is reflected in the increasing popularity of sports and recreational activities. Examples of recently developed leisure activities include boating, yachting and marine sports on Lake Inawashiro and off the Pacific Coast, paragliding and family autocamping in the mountains of the Aizu region.

    Japanese A23 abundant nature, combined with extensive leisure facilities, attracts sports and leisure-minded people all year round. There are three national parks in Kyushu providing excellent opportunities for sports and leisure activities. A number of golf A24 courses take full advantage of extensive land areas and superb natural settings. Each year this region sees a rise A25 in the number of ski resorts, featuring resort hotels and other facilities. And, as one of the most attractive hot spring areas in Japan, Kyushu A26 draws a large number of visitors from around the country.

    Kyushu is upgrading and enlarging its high-quality resort facilities to meet the demand A27 for increased leisure opportunities, while at the same time giving full consideration to nature preservation. It is hoped that this rapid development can be A28 maintained in the future.

А22

1) perks

сокращ. от perquisite — прерогатива, привилегия

2) incomes

доходы

3) outcomes

итоги, исходы

4) taxes

налоги

А23

1) enormous

огромная

2) abandoned

заброшенная

3) redundant

излишняя

4) abundant

богатая

А24

1) courts

2) courses

Golf course — поле для гольфа; устоявшееся словосочетание

3) pitches

4) fields

А25

1) at

2) of

3) in

Rise in smth — подъем в чем-то; другие 3 слова не употребляются с rise

 4) between

А26

l) collects

собирает

2) drags

тащит

3) draws

привлекает

4) picks

выбирает

А27

1) for

Demand for — спрос на; 3 других слова не употребляются с demand

2) in

3) of

4) on

А28

1) abstained

Abstain — воздерживаться

2) obtained

Obtain — приобретать, добывать

3) contained

Contain — содержать

4) maintained

Maintain — поддерживать, сохранять


muzlanova1    
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  15 ( part 3)

How Does Wind Power Really Work?

    Wind power is going to be essential to our planet in the near future. But do you really know how wind  power  works? It  looks easy but there are several components involved A22 in generating wind power. This type of power can not only save us a good A23 deal of money on our utility bills, but it will also play an important role in saving our planet.

    For many of us, wind just looks invisible and does not actually have any properties but in A24 reality, air is a fluid that contains particles constructed of gas. We can turn these gas particles into power because as the wind gusts, kinetic energy is created, which then can be harnessed and changed over into power.

    Having access to wind is very essential for this operation to work but another indispensable ingredient is the blades that are used. Their design is very A25 critical to the effectiveness of the turbine. The other important component is simply the size of the blade. The bigger the blade is, the more energy is seized and more power can be created for us in the form of electricity.

    Much also depends A26 on where you live to figure out the right blade size. In regions with low wind levels, small blades work better because more wind is required to push the larger turbine blades. In an area that is very windy, it is much better to use large blades in A27 order to use all of the wind available.

    This gives you the fundamental principles of how electricity is produced from the wind. Today is a fantastic time to do as much A28 research as you can about wind power so you will be able to make educated decisions in the future.

А22

1) at

Involve at — нет такого сочетания

2) in

Involve in — вовлекать во что-либо, включать во что-либо; другие

3) by

Be involved by (smb/smth) — быть вовлеченным, включенным кем-либо/чем-либо

4) from

Involve from — нет такого сочетания

А23

1) deal

Good deal — значительное количество; устоявшееся выражение

2) quantity

3) number

4) lot

А24

1) real terms

2) real life

3) reality

In reality — на самом деле, фактически; устоявшееся выражение

4) realism

А25

1) valuable

ценный

2) significant

значительный

3) precious

драгоценный

4) critical

требовательный

А26

1) by

2) on

Depend on — зависеть от; с depend употребляется только ON

3) from

4) about

А27

1) effect

2) favour

3) attempt

4) order

In order to — для того, чтобы; устоявшееся выражение

А28

1) discovery

открытие

2) investigation

расследование

3) research

изучение, научное исследование

4) search

поиск


muzlanova1    
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The Benefits of Modern Technology

    Modern technology has brought about enormous improvements in communications and yet many people are still very worried A22 about using the latest computer technology. I am often surprised to meet people who still don’t know what the ‘e’ in e-mail stands for and they are too A23 embarrassed to ask. They assume you have to be skilled A24 in computers to send a message via e-mail but in fact it is the simplest thing in the world.

    It is also cheaper to send an e-mail message than to send an ordinary letter or a ‘snail’ message which also takes much longer. An e-mail message is only A25 slightly more expensive than a local telephone call to send; on top of the call itself you also have to pay a fee to your ‘server’. If you send a letter by A26 first-class mail it will take a couple of days to get there whereas an e-mail will not take longer than a few seconds.

    Once you become A27 accustomed to using the system you will be amazed at how much more A28 efficient it is than other means of communication. Of course, before you have access to e-mail, you will need a fairly powerful computer, which can be quite expensive.

А22

1) about

Worry about — беспокоиться о; с worry употребляется только ABOUT

2) for

3) at

4) with as

А23

1) embarrassing

смущающий

2) embarrassed

смущенный

3) exhausting

утомительный, изнурительный

4) exhausted

измученный, обессиленный

А24

l) into

2) about

3) to

4) in

Be skilled in smth — быть умелым в чем-либо; со skilled употребляется только IN

А25

1) little

2) slightly

Слегка, немного; 3 других слова не могут быть здесь употреблены грамматически

3) less

4) least

А26

1) second-hand

подержанный

2) low-paid

низкооплачиваемый

3) part-time

не полностью занятый (как правило так говорят о рабочем дне)

4) first-class

первоклассный

А27

1) capable

2) accustomed

Accustom to doing smth приучатькчемулибо; только accustomупотребляетсяс TO DOING SMTH

3) clever

4) good

А28

1) confident

уверенный

2) certain

определенный

3) efficient

результативный, эффективный

4) skilful

искусный

[youtube_advanced url=»https://youtu.be/UeNvP3xyIuU» width=»650″ height=»364″ responsive=»no» autohide=»yes»]


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Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  17 ( part 3)

Trees Are a Threat

    The mountain town of Canton is surrounded by thick underbrush and pine trees. Because of six years of drought, these plants are a major fire hazard. Thousands of trees and tons of underbrush are going to be removed over the next five years A22 at a minimum cost of $3 million. The brush will be removed first and only then the trees will be toppled and removed. A cleared nonflammable area will then safely surround the town.

    A recent fire burned 4,000 acres and destroyed 11 homes in nearby Hamilton. The fire was raging toward Canton, but a sudden rainstorm A23 put it out. Residents know that they won’t get lucky twice, so they are looking A24 forward to this massive clearing operation, because it will help their town survive a future inferno. ‘But there are two problems,’ said one resident. ‘All the extra trucks are going to make traffic pretty bad. Once the area is cleared, we have to make A25 sure dirt bikers don’t try to make the cleared area their personal playground.’

    Ninety percent of the cutting and clearing will be paid with federal funds. Unfortunately, if the trees are on private A26 property they must be paid for by the residents themselves. Prices can range as high as $1,000 to cut and remove one tree. Officials say that residents can apply A27 for state and federal loans if necessary.

    ‘Well, what good does that do me?’ asked Thelma, a 65-year-old widow. ‘I’m living on social security and I’ve got four trees. The government’s not going to loan me money as they know there’s no way I can pay it A28 back. So what am I supposed to do? These planners with all their big ideas ought to think of the poor people.’

А22

1) for

2) by

3) at

At a cost — по цене, ценой; из трех слов с cost употребляется только AT

4) with

А23

1) took

Take out — вынимать, пригласить (в театр, ресторан)

 2) set

Set out — начинать (карьеру); выставлять (напоказ)

3) put

Put out — гасить

4) let

Let out — дать погаснуть огню; проболтаться

А24

1) up

Look up to — смотреть с почтением

2) forward

Look forward toждатьснетерпением

3) through

Look through to — неттакогосочетания

4) over

Look over to — нет такого сочетания

А25

1) sure

Make sure — убедиться; устоявшееся выражение

 2) after

3) believe

4) way

А26

1) possession

2) belongings

3) ownership

4) property

Private property — частная собственность; устоявшееся выражение

А27

1) on

2) at

3) to

4) for

Apply TO smb FOR smth — обращаться с заявлением

А28

1) back

Pay back — отплатить, выплатить деньги

2) out

Pay out — выплачивать

3) in

Pay in — класть, вносить деньги на счет

4) down 

Pay down — платить наличными; делать первый взнос


muzlanova1    
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  18  ( part 3)

Squirrel

    It was when Squirrel Nutkin appeared at the October Board meeting that Mr. Ramsay began to A22 acquire his reputation for eccentricity. And that’s putting it A23 mildly.To be fair, there were people who said at the time that there was nothing wrong in wearing a glove puppet to a Board meeting. However, there were more who disagreed, and several who thought that Mr. Ramsay was off his chump. The matter was hotly disputed in the company’s offices, on the shop floor, in the canteen.

    It happened during Mr. Giles’s monthly overlong summary of the company’s financial position. Two factors were making the prospects for Ramsay & Co look bleak.

    The first of these factors spoke for itself. There were simply fewer items of hosiery being sold. Whether this was due to the long hot summer combined with the undoubted increase A24 in the uptake of feminine trousers, or it was a sign of continued recession was not for him to say. Ramsay & Co simply had to A25 face the facts, whether they liked them or not, and accept what the market was telling them. Reality didn’t always turn A26 outthe way people wanted it to.

    The second factor, however, was where they could do something about. Ramsay & Co’s costs were inordinately high compared to those of its competitors, who had been cutting back on staff over the last five years, reducing their workforce to one-fifth of its previous level. It was high A27 time that Ramsay & Co got itself into a similar position.

    None of the Board members was surprised at what Mr. Giles had to say. He had, after all, said it all before, many times, over the past several months. Mr. Ramsay had, until now, always stubbornly resisted him. This time, though, what happened was different from all the previous occasions. Mr. Ramsay had never before produced a glove puppet from underneath the table. He had never had a squirrel sitting on his left hand during a presentation.

    The only two pairs of eyes in the room focused on Mr. Giles during his summation of the company’s position were those of Mr. Ramsay and the squirrel, both of whom were shaking their heads very slightly. The other Board members were sitting shocked with their mouths wide open and were A28 staring at the puppet.

А22

1) acquire

получать, приобретать

2) enquire

= inquire

Не используется без предлога

3) inquire

= enquire

Не используется без предлога

4) require

требовать

А23

1) mild

2) milder

3) mildest

4) mildly

To put it mildly — мягко говоря; устоявшееся выражение

А24

1) at

2) in

Increase in smth — рост в чем-либо; с increase употребляется только IN

3) of

4) to

А25

1) comment

2) cope

3) deal

4) face

Face the facts — прямо смотреть в лицо фактам; устоявшееся выражение

А26

l) in

Turn in — отказываться (от своей должности); выдавать (полиции)

2) on

Turn on — включать

3) out

Turn out — оказываться

4) up

Turn up — появляться (неожиданно)

А27

1) price

2) moment

3) time

(It is) high time — давно пора, самая пора; устоявшееся выражение

4) way

А28

1) watching

2) staring

Stare at — уставиться на что-либо; из четырех слов только stare употребляется с AT

3) seeing

4) observing


muzlanova1    
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. TEST  19  ( part 3)

Dolphin Cove

    The day is hot and humid; uncomfortable, so we move to sit in a shaded area. Waiting for the coach to pick us A22 up, I read my book but unfortunately I feel unwell. Hoping that it will pass before we arrive A23 atdolphin cove I read to take my mind elsewhere.

    Rebecca sits next to her Dad on the journey. A young couple sit close by and chat to us along the way. I notice how much the boy reminds me of my nephew, just an older version of him. Having got off the coach, we A24 head off towards the beach and Rebecca enjoys a paddle in the sea.

    A while later it is time for me to join my group at the edge of the cove. Rebecca is reluctant to let me go, becoming miserable and wanting to go home. She is upset at the A25 prospect of having to wait.

    As for me, I can’t wait to get into the water. Swimming over to the far side, refreshing cool water washes over me. Two dolphins appear in the cove weaving through the water. We form a line and they come up in front of us balancing on their tails, fins flapping. It’s amazing being so close. I am overwhelmed, smiling and laughing at the performance they are displaying for us. Now it’s my A26 turn to swim. I latch my hands on to their fins feeling their strength as they pull me with force through the water, A27 embarking on a great ride with intensity.

    To experience this was something I only dreamt of and never in my wildest dreams did I think it would become a fantastic opportunity. I feel so honoured to be with these magnificent creatures in the sea. We are all asked if we would like to participate in the next encounter of being lifted by our feet out of the water. Definitely, I’ll give that a A28 go! A phenomenal privilege: an hour of my life which I will never forget.

А22

1) on

Put on — надевать

2) out

Pick out — отличать, различать

3) over

Pick over — отбирать лучшие экземпляры

4) up

Pick up — забирать (пассажиров)

А23

1) in

Arrive in — eсли речь идёт о большом городе или стране

2) to

3) at

Arrive at — если речь идет о небольшом месте, отдельном доме и другом здании

4) on

А24

1) take

2) carry

3) head

Head off towards — направиться в сторону чего-либо; другие 3 слова не могут быть употреблены с off towards

4) turn

А25

1) prospect

шанс, надежда

2) prospectus

Проспект

3) prospective

не существ.

4) perspective

перспектива

А26

1) queue

2) turn

It’s one’s turn to do smth — настала чья-то очередь делать что-либо; устоявшееся выражение

3) try

4) trial

А27

1) encountering

Encounter — неожиданно встретиться

2) entertaining

Entertain — развлекать

3) embracing

Embrace — обнимать

4) embarking

Embark — отправляться, начинать

А28

1) do

2) go

Give it a goпопробовать;

устоявшееся выражение

3) make

4) turn


esse edit

eyes-colors-110125-02
(Image credit: Dreamstime | Budda)

The instance of a person having two differently colored eyes is pretty uncommon, just 11 out of every 1,000 Americans. This uncanny trait is caused by several factors, and can actually develop over time.

Iris color develops during the first few months after birth, with the levels of the pigment melanin determining how dark eyes will become. The less melanin expressed in the iris, the lighter a person’s eyes look, and vice versa.

Sometimes, though, the concentration and distribution of melanin isn’t uniform, which leads to a condition known as heterochromia. This condition can present itself in different ways. There’s complete heterochromia, when each eye is a distinctly different color, say, one blue and one brown. Central heterochromia is when the eyes show various colors, such as a blue iris with a golden-brown ring around the pupil. And sectoral heterochromia is when one iris has a splash of color that’s different from its overall hue, a trait that actress Kate Bosworth has.

Eye pigmentation abnormalities are not necessarily a sign of an underlying health condition. This is known as simple heterochromia, and is generally inherited from a parent.

Heterochromia, however, is a common feature of several inherited genetic disorders. For example, Waardenburg syndrome causes children to experience hearing loss, prematurely graying hair and varying degrees of heterochromia. Another inherited disorder that lists heterochromia as a symptom is neurofibromatosis, which affects the nervous system and causes tumors to form on nerve tissue. Tumor formation inside the eye can cause heterochromia.

Irregular iris coloring can also be caused by an injury to the eye, such as a punch leading to bleeding within the eye. An infection or mild inflammation that affects only one eye can cause it, as can the presence of a foreign object in the eye, because that can lead to inflammation . Heterochromia can also be caused by glaucoma, which is a group of eye conditions that damage the nerve that carries visual information from the eye to the brain.

The sudden onset of heterochromia could be the sign of an underlying medical condition, and a complete eye exam should be conducted by an ophthalmologist to rule out any serious causes.

Original article on Live Science.

Remy Melina was a staff writer for Live Science from 2010 to 2012. She holds a bachelor’s degree in Communication from Hofstra University where she graduated with honors.

Установите соответствие между текстами и рубриками, выбрав рубрику из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую рубрику только один раз. В задании одна рубрика лишняя.

Выпадающий список:

1.  Celebrations

2.  Food

3.  Travelling

4.  Geography

5.  Animal facts

6.  Weather

A. Russia consists of several continental zones. For example, in the north winters are long and harsh, in some places there is lots of snow fall and temperatures fall below −40 degrees Celsius. These winters are normal, not only in the northern regions of the country but evenin the Far East. Summers in these areas don’t even see three warm months out of the year.

B. Choose the incredible New Year tours to cold Lapland, which are the perfect combination of comfort and adventure. They are ideal for those who may be new to husky sledding orwinter holidays. You will enjoy the beauty of Laplandas you drive your own dog sled team through landscapes including huge mountains, mysterious forests, deserted tundra andfrozen lakes.

C. You may not know this, but Finlandhas a very interesting diversity of local dishes. Fish and meat are important ingredients in some areas, and oats, berries, and milk are common in other regions. An iconic Finnish dish visitors should try, especially in the summer, is “grillimakkara”, which are large grilled sausages eaten with mustard. They are delicious.

D. The New Year is one of the most important holidays on the Russian calendar. New Year in Russia is a time for being together with family and friends, for gift giving, decorating theNew Year tree, and watching and setting off fireworks. Midnight is, by tradition, marked bylistening to the Russian Federation President’s greeting and Kremlin bells chime.

E. The Siberian Husky is a beautiful dog with a thick coat that comes in a multitude of coloursand markings. Their blue or multi-coloured eyes add to the appeal of this breed, whichoriginated in Siberia. It is easy to see why many people are enchanted by the Husky, but beaware that this athletic, intelligent dog can be independent and challenging for first-time dog owners.

Текст A B C D E
Рубрика

Вариант 1.

Раздел 1. Аудирование.

1.      
Вы услы­ши­те 6 вы­ска­зы­ва­ний. Уста­но­ви­те
со­от­вет­ствие между вы­ска­зы­ва­ни­я­ми каж­до­го го­во­ря­ще­го A–F
и утвер­жде­ни­я­ми, дан­ны­ми в спис­ке 1–7. Ис­поль­зуй­те каж­дое
утвер­жде­ние, обо­зна­чен­ное со­от­вет­ству­ю­щей циф­рой, толь­ко один
раз
. В за­да­нии есть одно лиш­нее утвер­жде­ние. Вы услы­ши­те за­пись
два­жды.

1. When skiing, learning how to stop is a
life-saving skill.

2.  If you ‘re afraid of the big slopes,
stick to the beginner’s slope.

3. It is important to take lessons before
you start skiing.

4. There are plenty of ways to enjoy a ski
resort besides skiing.

5. Ski resorts always have professionals
who can look after people with injuries.

6. Your physical fitness plays a role in successful
skiing.

7. Some people just want to look like
experienced skiers.

Го­во­ря­щий

A

B

C

D

E

F

Утвер­жде­ние

2.      
Вы услы­ши­те диа­лог. Опре­де­ли­те, какие из при­ведённых
утвер­жде­ний А–G со­от­вет­ству­ют со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста (1 – True),
какие не со­от­вет­ству­ют (2 – False) и о чём в тек­сте не ска­за­но,
то есть на ос­но­ва­нии тек­ста нель­зя дать ни по­ло­жи­тель­но­го, ни от­ри­ца­тель­но­го
от­ве­та (3 – Not stated). За­не­си­те номер вы­бран­но­го Вами ва­ри­ан­та
от­ве­та в таб­ли­цу. Вы услы­ши­те за­пись два­жды.

A)    Eric has still got
a lot of packing to do at his house.

1) Тrue   2) False  3)
Not stated

B)  Eric and his family will help the
movers move things.

1) Тrue   2) False  3)
Not stated

C)  Eric is not happy living at his house
at the moment.

1) Тrue   2) False  3)
Not stated

D) There’s a bus that stops in front of
Leila’s house.

1) Тrue   2) False  3)
Not stated

E) Eric’s new neighbourhood has an
efficient bus service.

1) Тrue   2) False  3)
Not stated

F) Leila’s parents haven’t moved in
several years.

1) Тrue   2) False  3)
Not stated

G) Eric was pleased to have thrown away
lots of stuff.

1) Тrue   2) False  3) Not stated

Утверждение

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

Соответствие диалогу

3.   Вы услы­ши­те ре­пор­таж два­жды. В заданиях 3-9
обведите цифру 1,2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному вами варианта ответа. Вы
услышите запись дважды.

3. According to David, a hacker can be…

 1) anyone who owns a computer.

2)  someone who tricks a person out of their password.

3) anyone who works for a computer company.

4. Why does David technically consider himself a hacker?

 1)  He has broken into computers before.

2) He admires the hacking culture.

3) He is able to build and program computers.

5. The simpler ways that data thieves operate…

 1) are well-publicized by the media.

2) are not thought very often.

3) affect thousands of normal people.

6.According to David, writing a computer virus…

 1) is more difficult than just asking for  password.

2) is easier than trying to get someone to tell you a
password.

3) is a guaranteed way of obtaining a password.

7. How do hackers convince an employee to reveal a
password?

1) They offer them a financial incentive.

2) They imply that they might get fired if they don’t.

3) They offer to help the employee in some way.

8. What kind of people does David say are vulnerable to
fake emails?

 1) All kinds of people.

2) Usually just older people.

3) People who are naturally very trusting.

9. David believes that ‘hacktivists’ are…

 1) no better than other criminals.

2) valuable members of society.

3) working on behalf of organizations.

Раздел 2. Чтение

10.Установите соответствие между текстами A–G
и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.
Используйте каждую цифру только один раз.  В задании один заголовок лишний.

1.  
 The House of Commons
2.    Parliamentary Procedure
3.    The House of Lords
4.    Westminster 

5.    The System of Government
6.    Parliamentary Committees
7.    Whitehall
8.    The Crown

A.    
 Her Majesty’s Government, in spite of its name, derives its
authority and power from its party representation in Parliament. Parliament is
housed in the Palace of Westminster, once a home of the monarchy. Like the
monarchy, Parliament is an ancient institution, dating from the middle of the
thirteenth century. Parliament is the seat of British democracy, but it is
perhaps valuable to remember that while the House of Lords was created in order
to provide a council of the nobility for the king, the Commons were summoned originally
in order to provide the king with money.

B.     
 The reigning monarch is not only head of state but symbol of
the unity of the nation. The monarchy is Britain’s oldest secular institution,
its continuity for over a thousand years broken only once by a republic that
lasted a mere eleven years (1649-60). The monarchy is hereditary, the
succession passing automatically to the oldest male child, or in the absence of
males to the oldest female offspring of the monarch. In law the monarch is head
of the executive and of the judiciary, head of the Church of England, and
commander-in-chief of the armed forces.

C.    
 The dynamic power of Parliament lies in its lower chamber.
Of its 650 members, 523 represent constituencies in England, 38 in Wales, 72 in
Scotland and 17 in Northern Ireland. There are only seats in the Commons
debating chamber for 370 members, but except on matters of great interest, it
is unusual for all members to be present at any one time. Many MPs find
themselves in other rooms of the Commons, participating in a variety of
committees and meetings necessary for an effective parliamentary process.

D.    
  Britain is a democracy, yet its people are not, as one
might expect in a democracy, constitutionally in control of the state. The
constitutional situation is an apparently contradictory one. As a result of a
historical process the people of Britain are subjects of the Crown, accepting
the Queen as the head of the state. Yet even the Queen is not sovereign in any
substantial sense since she receives her authority from Parliament, and is
subject to its direction in almost all matters. This curious situation came
about as a result of a long struggle for power between the Crown and Parliament
during the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries.    

E.     
 Her Majesty’s Government governs in the name of the Queen,
and its hub, Downing Street, lies in Whitehall, a short walk from Parliament.
Following a general election, the Queen invites the leader of the majority
party represented in the Commons, to form a government on her behalf.
Government ministers are invariably members of the House of Commons, but
infrequently members of the House of Lords are appointed. All government
members continue to represent “constituencies” which elected them.

F.     
 Each parliamentary session begins with the “State Opening of
Parliament”, a ceremonial occasion in which the Queen proceeds from Buckingham
Palace to the Palace of Westminster where she delivers the Queen’s Speech from
her throne in the House of Lords. Her speech is drafted by her government, and
describes what the government intends to implement during the forthcoming
session. Leading members of the Commons may hear the speech from the far end of
the chamber, but are not allowed to enter the House of Lords.

G.    
 The upper chamber of Parliament is not democratic in any
sense at all. It consists of four categories of peer. The majority are
hereditary peers, a total of almost 800, but of whom only about half take an
active interest in the affairs of the state. A smaller number, between 350 and
400, are “life” peers — an idea introduced in 1958 to elevate to the
peerage certain people who rendered political or public service to the nation.
The purpose was not only to honour but also to enhance the quality of business
done in the Lords.  

Текст

А

B

C

D

E

F

G

Заголовок

11. Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки
A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7.
Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 — лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие
со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

 A Sad Story


Mary sat at the window, looking down at the street. It was Friday evening.
People were already leaving their offices and the shops were closing. Soon she
would be alone again — as usual. She imagined how these people would spend
their evening — in restaurants, bars, dance halls — enjoying
themselves. She had never experienced these pleasures in all her twenty-five
years on earth. Her mind drifted… A__________., even if it was only
once. But she knew it was impossible. She was not pretty; she knew that. She
was shy. And she had no money for nice clothes or shoes. All she could afford
was the rent on this miserable flat and her daily necessities.

Suddenly the doorbell rang. Nervously she went downstairs to answer it. The
young man on the doorstep told her he had some important news for her. She felt
uneasy B________., that she asked him in. She made him coffee while he
explained that he was a lawyer. Her uncle, C_______., had died. He had
left her all his money in his will. The young man’s name was Harry. He left her
flat early the next morning. Harry helped her to deal with all the legal
papers. He arranged for her to buy the luxury flat in Bayswater. He entertained
her. They went to restaurants, West End theatres, concerts, even to wild
parties. Three months later they were married and moved to the big house he had
made her buy in Hamstead. For a while D__________.. Then Harry changed.
He came back late. They went out together less often. Sometimes the phone would
ring and unknown female voice would ask for Harry. When she asked him what was
wrong, he would fly into a rage and leave the house.

One afternoon, the police came round. It seemed E.___________. The weeks
which followed were a nightmare. She sold the flat in Bayswater to pay for a
lawyer. When he was found guilty, she sold the house in Hampstead. She moved
back into the small flat in Hove. Her adventure was over.

For twenty years she had waited. Before Harry’s release from prison she bought
two air tickets to take them away for a holiday. On a damp, grey morning she
stood opposite the prison gate. Harry emerged into freedom F.__________.
A blonde lady, in a fur coat, was seated at the wheel. Harry jumped in beside
the lady and gave her a resounding kiss. The car disappeared round the corner.

Mary took out the air tickets and slowly tore them into small pieces

 1. she was
blissfully happy

 2. if
only someone would invite her out

3.  and started
across the street to a red sports car

4.  but he looked so
honest and so handsome

5.  she was very
embarrassed

6.  who had
emigrated to Australia years before

7. Harry was involved in a bank fraud

Пропуск

A

B

C

D

E

F

Часть предложения

  Прочитайте
текст и выполните задания 12-18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа
цифру 1,2,3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.

Llandudno

Llandudno is truly
a fine and handsome place, built on a generously proportioned bay and lined
along its broad front with a huddle of prim but gracious nineteenth-century
hotels that reminded me in the fading light of a lineup of Victorian nannies.
Llandudno was purpose-built as a resort in the mid-1800s, and it cultivates a
nice old-fashioned air. I don’t suppose that Lewis Carroll, who famously
strolled this front with little Alice Liddell in the 1860s, would notice a
great deal of change today.

To my consternation,
the town was packed with weekending pensioners. Buses from all over were parked
along the side streets, every hotel I called at was full, and in every dining
room I could see crowds – veritable oceans – of nodding white heads spooning
soup and conversing happily. Goodness knows what had brought them to the Welsh
seaside at this bleak time of year.

Farther on along
the front there stood a clutch of guesthouses, large and virtually
indistinguishable, and a few of them had vacancy signs in their windows. I had
eight or ten to choose from, which always puts me in a mild fret because I have
an unerring instinct for choosing badly. My wife can survey a row of
guesthouses and instantly identify the one run by a white-haired widow with a
fondness for children, and sparkling bathroom facilities, whereas I can
generally count on choosing the one run by a guy with a grasping manner, and
the sort of cough that makes you wonder where he puts the phlegm. Such, I felt,
would be the case tonight.

All the
guesthouses had boards out front listing their many amenities – COLOUR TV,
HOSPITALITY TRAYS, FULL CENTRAL HEATING, and the coyly euphemistic EN SUITE ALL
ROOMS, meaning private bathrooms. One place offered satellite TV and a trouser
press, and another boasted CURRENT FIRE CERTIFICATE – something I had never
thought to look for in a B&B. All this heightened my sense of unease and
doom. How could I possibly choose intelligently among such a variety of
options?

I selected a place
that looked reasonable enough from the outside – its board promised a color TV
and coffee making facilities, about all I require these days for a Saturday
night – but from the moment I set foot in the door I knew it was a bad choice.
I was about to turn and flee when the owner emerged from a back room and
stopped my retreat with an unenthusiastic “Yes?” A short conversation revealed
that a single room with breakfast was for £19.50. It was entirely out of the
question that I would stay the night in such a dismal place at such an
exorbitant price, so I said, “That sounds fine,” and signed in. Well, it’s so
hard to say no.

My room was
everything I expected it to be – cold and cheerless with laminated furniture,
grubbily matted carpet, and those mysterious ceiling stains that bring to mind
a neglected corpse in the room above. There was a tray of coffee things but the
cups were disgusting, and the spoon was stuck to the tray. The bathroom,
faintly illuminated by a distant light activated by a length of string, had
curling floor tiles and years of accumulated dirt packed into every corner. I
peered at the yellowy tile around the bath and sink and realized what the
landlord did with his phlegm. A bath was out of the question, so I threw some
cold water on my face, dried it with a towel that had the texture of shredded
wheat, and gladly took my leave.

 
A12. Llandudno is described as a   
 1) fashionable 19th century resort.

2) beautiful growing resort.

3) place where Lewis Carroll lived.

4) place famous for its comfortable hotels.

A13.  The phrase “veritable oceans” in paragraph 2 refers to
 1) hotel dining rooms.

2) hotel guests wearing white hats.

3) old people dining in cafes.

4) buses crowded with old Welsh people.

A14.  When choosing a guesthouse the narrator was worried because he
 1) wasn’t good at making the right choice.

2) could not find a place run by a kind old widow.

3) did not know what to look for.

4) missed his wife for help.

A15.  The narrator thought that the choice of a guesthouse used to be
easier because
 1) all hotels had a private bathroom.

2) there were fewer options on offer.

3) there were fewer guest houses.

4) they were all of B&B type.

A16.  Why did the narrator agree to the room?
 1) He felt sorry for the landlord.

2) He could not refuse the offer.

3) It was really cheap.

4) There was a TV and a coffee maker.

A17.  Why was the bath out of the question?
 1) The water was too cold.

2) There was no hot water.

3) The bathtub was dirty.

4) There was no light.

A18.  What is the narrator’s attitude towards the room he stayed in?
 1) Surprised.

2) Indifferent.

3) Positive.

4) Critical.

Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика.

Прочитайте
приведенный ниже текст . Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова,

напечатанные
заглавными буквами и обозначенные номерами 19-25, так, чтобы они
грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски
полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы
19-25.

Video Games

Like the television set before it, the video game console is now 19__________TAKE
over living rooms in the US. Americans spend 20_________MONEY on
video games than on movies and nearly half the country plays. The first video
game, Pong, 21__________INVENT in 1972. Since then, video games 22___________BECOME
‘the major cultural activity of the generation aged 30 and below’, according to
James Paul Gee, a professor of education. ‘They have the same importance to
this generation that movies had for 23____________EARLY
generations’, he says. ‘Even 24_____________THAT children who
can’t understand the lessons they are taught in their schools can discuss the
stories in video games at a very sophisticated level’, he says. But in some 25_________PEOPLE
opinion, many of the games are much too violent and they have a bad effect on
the brain.

Прочитайте
приведенный ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами и
обозначенных номерами 26-31, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они
грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните
пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию
из группы 26-31.

                         Waste Management

Waste
affects our environment — everything that surrounds us including the air,
water, land, plants, and man made things. We need a

healthy
environment for our own health and 26 ________ HAPPY.

 The
waste we create has to be 27 _________ CAREFUL controlled to be
sure that it does not harm our environment and our health. So 28_________
EFFECT
waste management is very important. Waste reduction and recycling
have a wide range of environmental benefits and promote public awareness and
personal 29 _______ RESPONSIBLE for the waste we create. The
best place to start making a 30 ___________ DIFFER is our home.
Learn how you can reduce, reuse, and recycle materials to decrease household
waste. If we recycle what we can’t use any more, we save resources because
the 31_ ________
RECYCLE  materials replace some of
the natural resources including water and energy, which we use to make new
products.

Прочитайте
текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32–38. Эти номера
соответствуют заданиям 32–38, в которых представлены возможные варианты
ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4,
соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

 Charity

A lot of people in our world have little or no money at all. Many
of them are homeless and can’t enjoy what most of us take for  32______.
They need our help and there are a lot of charity organizations to help poor
people. Because of charities many homeless people have shelters, hungry
children have been fed, a lot of diseases have already been  33______
and many animals are safe.

Around the world there are a lot of children who suffer from
different diseases, running  34______ time and hope. The biggest charity
project in Russia is ‘Contribution to the Future’ whose goal is to help any
child in need. Its programmes help poor, homeless and disabled children.

There are a lot of people in the world who have chosen charity as
their main mission in life. One of the most famous missionaries was Mother
Teresa. She lived the hard life of the poor alongside them; she knew how it
felt sleeping on hard floors and living on dirty streets. And because she was
experiencing  35 ______ what the people she was helping were going
through, she so effectively knew how to give. Besides meeting
people’s basic physical needs by giving them food and medicine, she met
people’s emotional needs as well.

A lot of rich people also feel the necessity to help the poor. For
example, Bill Gates is a famous billionaire, but he is also a noted
philanthropist who donated the proceeds of his successful books to 36______
educational organizations. He has also given mil lions to initiatives in global
health and learning, hoping to  37______ more and more people to have
access to A38______ facilities in these areas. A good example is the
opening of ‘The School of the Future’ in Philadelphia, sponsored by his company
‘Microsoft’.

The spirit of philanthropy is not about what or how much you give
but rather about the feeling that you are helping others in need.

32. 1) common

33. 1) recovered

34. 1) with

35. 1) first hand

36. 1)unprofit

37. 1) unable

38. 1) visible

2) granted

2) healed

2) out

2) first rate

2) unprofitable

2) enable

2) vigorous

3) usual

3) cared

3) of

3) first time

3) non profit

3) let

3) vivid

4) life

4) cured

4) out of

4) first ever

4)
non profitable

4) make

4) vital

Раздел 4. Письмо

 39.   You
have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Mary who writes:

…Last week our family went to the famous
Niagara Falls. It was my first visit there and it was fun! We enjoyed the
weather and the splashes of falling water on our faces. It reminded us of our
last rafting trip. Where can you see beautiful water sights in Russia, if at
all? Have you ever gone rafting? What do you think about extreme sports in
general?

By the way, we are going to Greece this
summer…

Write a letter to Mary. In your letter
answer her questions, ask 3 questions about his trip to Greece. Write 100–140
words. Remember the rules of letter writing.

40. Comment on
the following statement

 Only people who earn a lot of money are successful.

What is your
opinion? Do you agree with this statement? Write 200–250 words. Use the
following plan:

− make an introduction (state the problem)

− express your personal opinion and give
2–3 reasons for your opinion

− express an opposing opinion and give 1–2
reasons for this opposing opinion

− explain why you don’t agree with the
opposing opinion

− make a conclusion restating your
position

 Ответы

1)     
  647132

2)        2312311

 3)
– 2

4) –
3

5)
-2

6) -1

7)
-2

8) -1

9) -1

10)
A B C D E F G

     

8  1  5  7  2  3

11) 
A B C D E F

       
2 4 6  1  7  3

12)   
1

13)   
3

14)   
1

15)   
2

16)   
2

17)   
3

18)    
4

19) taking

20) 
more money

21) was
invented

22) 
have become

23) 
earlier

24) those

25) people’s

26) happiness

27) 
carefully

28) effective

29) responsibility

30) difference

31) recyclable

32)   
2

33)   
4

34)   
4

35)   
1

36)    
3

37)    
2

38)    
4                

What can computers do?

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, выделенные слова так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами.

Computers and microchips

become

part of our everyday lives.
We read magazines which

produce

on computers, we buy things with the help of computers, we pay bills prepared by computers.
Just

make

а phone call involves the use of а sophisticated computer system.
In the past, life without computers was much

difficult

than it is today.
The first computers were able to multiply long numbers, but they

not can

do anything else.
Nobody

believe

stories about robots and space travel, but now computers are able to do almost all difficult jobs.
What makes your computer such а miraculous device? It is а personal communicator that

enable

you to interact with other computers and with people around the world. And you can even use your PC to relax with computer games.

A Challenge for Europe

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста.

Recently there has been a small

reduce

in the number of people out of work in Europe.
However,

employ

is still the number one social problem facing the 15 member states of the European Union.
Moreover,

equal

of opportunity between men and women is still an issue that politicians in many countries have not come to grips with.
In professions such as law and engineering women are still

notice

by their absence.

employ

still discriminate against women in a number of ways even if their qualifications are the same as those of men.
It would be a pity if the

achieve

of the EU on an economic level were marred by failure in the vital area of social policy.

Charity

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Выберите из списка правильный вариант.

A lot of people in our world have little or no money at all. Many of them are homeless and can’t enjoy what most of us take for

.

They need our help and there are a lot of charity organizations to help poor people. Because of charities many homeless people have shelters, hungry children have been fed, a lot of diseases have already been

and many animals are safe. Around the world there are a lot of children who suffer from different diseases, running

time and hope.

The biggest charity project in Russia is ‘Contribution to the Future’ whose goal is to help any child in need. Its programmes help poor, homeless and disabled children. There are a lot of people in the world who have chosen charity as their main mission in life. One of the most famous missionaries was Mother Teresa. She lived the hard life of the poor alongside them; she knew how it felt sleeping on hard floors and living on dirty streets. And because she was experiencing

what the people she was helping were going through, she so effectively knew how to give.

Besides meeting people’s basic physical needs by giving them food and medicine, she met people’s emotional needs as well. A lot of rich people also feel the necessity to help the poor. For example, Bill Gates is a famous billionaire, but he is also a noted philanthropist who donated the proceeds of his successful books to

educational organizations.

He has also given millions to initiatives in global health and learning, hoping to

more and more people to have access to

facilities in these areas. A good example is the opening of ‘The School of the Future’ in Philadelphia, sponsored by his company ‘Microsoft’. The spirit of philanthropy is not about what or how much you give but rather about the feeling that you are helping others in need.

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Принимаю условия соглашения на обработку персональных данных

Task 1 Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

Fire Crews Hunt Escaped Hamster

Eight firefighters have been called in to help find an escaped hamster. Two crews used a chocolate-covered camera and a vacuum cleaner A ____ , called Fudgie, at the home of a six-year-old girl in Dunbar, Scotland.

The girl’s mother said: ‘We came down for breakfast and discovered Fudgie had opened the top lid of her cage and had made her way into the kitchen and we think she has gone В ____ .’

The fire crews spent five hours trying to recover the pet after it ran down a hole in the kitchen floor. But, the hamster still refused С ____ .

In the search for Fudgie, the firefighters took the family cooker and gas pipes apart. They also dropped a mini-camera coated with chocolate under the floorboards. They then hoped to take out the hamster using a vacuum cleaner. Despite all their efforts, they failed to find Fudgie.

In the end, the firefighters put another camera down the hole D ____ , connected to the screen of the family home computer, to see if Fudgie appeared. Besides, the girl and her parents regularly dropped food E ____ .

At last, after eight days the hamster returned to her cage safe and sound. She crawled from the hole in the kitchen floor early in the morning. It was the girl’s father who first found Fudgie F ____ .

The girl said that day it was like Christmas morning for her. Her parents added that they too felt extremely happy when Fudgie had finally returned.

  1. through a small hole in the floor

  2. through the hole for the hamster

  3. and locked the runaway hamster

  4. to come out of the hole

  5. to look after the pet

  6. to try and locate the missing hamster

  7. and left it under the floorboards

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

6

1

4

7

2

3

Task 2

Speed of eating is ‘key to obesity’

If you eat very quickly, it may be enough to increase your risk of being overweight, research suggests.

Osaka University scientists looked at the eating habits of 3,000 people. Just about half of them told researchers that they A ______ . Compared with those who did not eat quickly, fast-eating men were 84% more likely to be overweight, and women were 100% more likely to В ______ .

Japanese scientists said that there were a number of reasons why eating fast С ______ . They said it could prevent the work of a signalling system which tells your brain to stop eating because your stomach is full. They said: ‘If you eat quickly you basically fill your stomach before the system has a chance to react, so you D _____ .

The researchers also explained that a mechanism that helps make us fat today, developed with evolution and helped people get more food in the periods when they were short of it. The scientists added that the habit of eating fast could be received from one’s parents genes or E ______ .

They said that, if possible, children should be taught to F ______ , and allowed to stop when they felt full up at mealtimes. ‘The advice of our grandmothers about chewing everything 20 times might be true — if you take a bit more time eating, it could have a positive influence on your weight.

  1. just overfill your stomach

  2. could be bad for your weight

  3. have a habit of eating quickly

  4. linked to obesity

  5. eat as slowly as possible

  6. put on weight

  7. learned at a very early age

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

3

6

2

1

7

5

Task 3

Hi-Tech Brings Families Together 

Technology is helping families stay in touch like never before, says a report carried out in the US.

Instead of driving people apart, mobile phones and the Internet are A ____ . The research looked at the differences in technology use between families with children and single adults. It found that traditional families have more hi-tech gadgets in their home В ____ . Several mobile phones were found in 89% of families and 66% had a high-speed Internet connection. The research also found that 58% of families have more С ____ .

Many people use their mobile phone to keep in touch and communicate with parents and children. Seventy percent of couples, D ____ , use it every day to chat or say hello. In addition, it was found that 42% of parents contact their children via their mobile every day.

The growing use of mobile phones, computers and the Internet means that families no longer gather round the TV to spend time together. 25% of those who took part in the report said they now spend less time E ____ . Only 58% of 18—29 year olds said they watched TV every day. Instead the research found that 52% of Internet users who live with their families go online F ____ several times a week and 51% of parents browse the web with their children.

Some analysts have worried that new technologies hurt families, but we see that technology allows for new kinds of connectedness built around cell phones and the Internet/ said the report.

  1. than any other group

  2. watching television

  3. in the company of someone else

  4. than two computers in the home

  5. communicated with their families

  6. helping them communicate

  7. owning a mobile

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

6

1

4

7

2

3

Task 4

The Power of ‘Hello’ 

I work at a company where there are hundreds of employees. I know most of them and almost all of them know me. It is all based on one simple principle: I believe every single person deserves to be acknowledged, A ______ .

When I was about 10 years old, I was walking down the street with my mother. She stopped to speak to Mr. Lee. I knew I could see Mr. Lee any time around the neighborhood, В ______ .

After we passed Mr. Lee, my mother said something that has stuck with me from that day until now. She said, ‘You let that be the last time you ever walk by somebody and not open up your mouth to speak, because even a dog can wag its tail С______ . That phrase sounds simple, but it has been a guidepost for me and the foundation of who I am. I started to see that when I spoke to someone, they spoke back. And that felt good. It is not just something I believe in — D ______ . I believe that every person deserves to feel someone acknowledges their presence, no matter how unimportant they may be.

At work, I always used to say ‘hello’ to the founder of the company and ask him how our business was doing. But I was also speaking to the people in the cafe, and asked how their children were doing. I remembered after a few years of passing by the founder, I had the courage to ask him for a meeting. We had a great talk.

At a certain point, I asked him E ______ . He said, ‘If you want to, you can get all the way to this seat.’ I have become vice president, but that has not changed the way I approach people. I speak to everyone I see, no matter where I am. I have learned that speaking to people creates a pathway into their world, F ______ .

  1. it has become a way of life.

  2. when it passes you on the street.

  3. when you see him and talk to him.

  4. and it lets them come into mine, too.

  5. so I did not pay any attention to him.

  6. however small or simple the greeting is.

  7. how far he thought I could go in his company.

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

6

5

2

1

7

4

Task 5

Friendship and Love

 A strong friendship takes a significant amount of time to develop. It will not just magically mature overnight. A friendship involves committing oneself to help another person A ______ . I believe that, nothing can replace a true friend, not material objects, or money, and definitely not a boy.

I met this guy a couple summers ago who I ended up spending almost all of my free time with. His parents did not approve of our dating because of our age difference, В ______ . He had told me the day we met that he had joined the air force and would leave for overseas that coming October. After three months had past, the time came when he had to leave. This left me feeling completely alone.

I turned to my friends for support, but to my surprise, С ______ . I had spent so much time with this guy and so little time with them, that they did not feel sorry for me when he left. For so long they had become the only constant in my life, and I had taken them for granted over something D ______ .

When my boyfriend came back, our relationship changed. I tried to fix all the aspects in my life that had gone so wrong in the previous six months.

This experience taught me that true friendships will only survive if one puts forth effort to make them last. Keeping friends close will guarantee that E ______ . When a relationship falls apart, a friend will always do everything in their power to make everything less painful. As for me, I try to keep my friends as close as I can. I know they will always support me in whatever I do, and to them, I F ______ .

  1. but we did anyway.

  2. whenever a need arises.

  3. they did not really care.

  4. whenever they need your help.

  5. could not guarantee would even last.

  6. am eternally grateful for a second chance.

  7. someone will always have a shoulder to cry on.

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

2

1

3

5

7

6

Task 6

Mobile phones

 On New Year’s Day, 1985, Michael Harrison phoned his father, Sir Ernest, to wish him a happy new year. Sir Ernest was chairman of Racal Electronics, the owner of Vodafone, A ______ .

At the time, mobile phones weighed almost a kilogram, cost several thousand pounds and provided only 20 minutes talktime. The networks themselves were small; Vodafone had just a dozen masts covering London. Nobody had any idea of the huge potential of wireless communication and the dramatic impact В ______ .

Hardly anyone believed there would come a day when mobile phones were so popular С ______ .But in 1999 one mobile phone was sold in the UK every four seconds, and by 2004 there were more mobile phones in the UK than people. The boom was a result of increased competition which pushed prices lower and created innovations in the way that mobiles were sold.

When the government introduced more competition, companies started cutting prices to attract more customers. Cellnet, for example, changed its prices, D ______ . It also introduced local call tariffs.

The way that handsets themselves were marketed was also changing and it was Finland’s Nokia who made E ______ . In the late 1990s Nokia realized that the mobile phone was a fashion item: so it offered interchangeable covers which allowed you to customize and personalize your handset.

The mobile phone industry has spent the later part of the past decade reducing its monthly charge F ______ , which has culminated in the fight between the iPhone and a succession of touch screen rivals.

  1. trying to persuade people to do more with their phones than just call and text

  2. that there would be more phones in the UK than there are people

  3. and relying instead on actual call charges

  4. that mobile phones would have over the next quarter century

  5. the leap from phones as technology to phones as fashion items

  6. and his son was making the first-ever mobile phone call in the UK

  7. the move to digital technology, connecting machines to wireless networks

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

6

4

2

1

5

3

Task 7

London Zoo

 London Zoo is one of the most important zoos in the world. There are over 12,000 animals at London Zoo and A ______ ! Its main concern is to breed threatened animals in captivity. This means we might be able to restock the wild, should disaster ever befall the wild population.

Partula Snail, Red Crowned Crane, Arabian Oryx, Golden Lion Tamarin, Persian Leopard, Asiatic Lion and Sumatran Tiger are just some of the species London Zoo is helping to save.

That is why it is so important that we fight to preserve the habitats that these animals live in, as well as eliminate other dangers В ______ . But we aim to make your day at London Zoo a fun and memorable time, С ______ .

In the Ambika Paul Children’s Zoo, for instance, youngsters can learn a new love and appreciation for animals D ______ . They can also learn how to care for favourite pets in the Pet Care Centre.

Then there are numerous special Highlight events E ______ unforgettable pony rides to feeding times and spectacular animal displays. You will get to meet keepers and ask them what you are interested in about the animals they care for, F ______ .

Whatever you decide, you will have a great day. We have left no stone unturned to make sure you do!

  1. such as hunting exotic animals and selling furs

  2. as well as the ins and outs of being a keeper at London Zoo

  3. which take place every day, from

  4. because they see and touch them close up

  5. despite the serious side to our work

  6. which demand much time and effort

  7. that is not counting every ant in the colony

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

7

1

5

4

3

2

Task 8

‘Second Stonehenge’ discovered near original

 Archaeologists have discovered evidence of what they believe was a second Stonehenge located a little more than a mile away from the world-famous prehistoric monument.

The new find on the west bank of the river Avon has been called «Bluestonehenge», after the colour of the 25 Welsh stones of A______.

Excavations at the site have suggested there was once a stone circle 10 metres in diameter and surrounded by a henge — a ditch with an external bank, according to the project director, Professor Mike Parker Pearson, of the University of Sheffield.

The stones at the site were removed thousands of years ago but the sizes of the holes in B ______ indicate that this was a circle of bluestones, brought from the Preseli mountains of Wales, 150 miles away.

The standing stones marked the end of the avenue C _____, a 1¾-mile long processional route constructed at the end of the Stone Age. The outer henge around the stones was built about 2400BC but arrowheads found in the stone circle indicate the stones were put up as much as 500 years earlier.

Parker Pearson said his team was waiting for results of radiocarbon dating D _____ whether stones currently in the inner circle of Stonehenge were originally located at the other riverside construction.

Pearson said: «The big, big question is when these stones were erected and when they were removed — and when we get the dating evidence we can answer both those questions.»

He added: «We speculated in the past E ______ at the end of the avenue near the river. But we were completely unprepared to discover that there was an entire stone circle. Another team member, Professor Julian Thomas, said the discovery indicated F______was central to the religious lives of the people who built Stonehenge. «Old theories about Stonehenge that do not explain the evident significance of the river will have to be rethought,» he said. Dr Josh Pollard, project co-director from the University of Bristol, described the discovery as «incredible».

  1. which could reveal

  2. which they stood

  3. which it was once made up

  4. that this stretch of the river Avon

  5. that there might have been something

  6. that it should be considered as integral part

  7. that leads from the river Avon to Stonehenge

Ответ

A

B

C

D

E

F

3

2

7

1

5

4

Task 9

Australia

 Australia was the last great landmass to be discovered by the Europeans. The continent they eventually discovered had already been inhabited for tens of thousands of years.

Australia is an island continent A _____ is the result of gradual changes wrought over millions of years.

B ____, Australia is one of the most stable land masses, and for about 100 million years has been free of the forces that have given rise to huge mountain ranges elsewhere.

From the east coast a narrow, fertile strip merges into the greatly eroded Great Dividing Range, C ____.

The mountains are merely reminders of the mighty range, D ____. Only in the section straddling the New South Wales border with Victoria and in Tasmania, are they high enough to have winter snow.

West of the range of the country becomes increasingly flat and dry. The endless flatness is broken only by salt lakes, occasional mysterious protuberances and some mountains E ____. In places the scant vegetation is sufficient to allow some grazing. However, much of the Australian outback is a barren land of harsh stone deserts and dry lakes.

The extreme north of Australia, the Top End, is a tropical area within the monsoon belt. F ____, it comes in more or less one short, sharp burst. This has prevented the Top End from becoming seriously productive area.

  1. that once stood here

  2. that is almost continent long

  3. whose property is situated to the north of Tasmania

  4. whose landscape — much of bleak and inhospitable

  5. whose beauty reminds of the MacDonald Ranges

  6. Although its annual rainfall looks adequate on paper

  7. Although there is still seismic activity in the eastern highland area

Ответ

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Task 10

Scotland Yard

 Scotland Yard is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police in London. To most people, its name immediately brings to mind the picture of a detective — cool, efficient, ready to track down any criminal, or a helmeted police constable — A____ and trusty helper of every traveller from overseas.

Scotland Yard is situated on the Thames Embankment close to the Houses of Parliament and the familiar clock tower of Big Ben, and its jurisdiction extends over 740 square miles with the exception of the ancient City of London, B____.

One of the most successful developments in Scotland Yard’s crime detection and emergency service has been the “999 system”. On receipt of a call the 999 Room operator ascertains by electronic device the position of the nearest available police car, C ____. Almost instantly a message is also sent by teleprinter to the police station concerned so that within seconds of a call for assistance being received, a police car is on its way to the scene. An old-established section of the Metropolitan police is the Mounted Branch, with its strength of about 200 horses stabled at strategic points. These horses are particularly suited to ceremonial occasions, D ____.

An interesting branch of Scotland Yard is the branch of Police Dogs, first used as an experiment in 1939. Now these dogs are an important part of the Force. One dog, for example, can search a warehouse in ten minutes, E ____.

There is also the River Police, or Thames Division, which deals with all crimes occurring within its river boundaries.

There are two other departments of Scotland Yard – the Witness Room (known as the Rogues’ Gallery) where a photographic record of known and suspected criminals is kept, and the Museum, F ____.

  1. which is contacted by radio

  2. that familiar figure of the London scene

  3. for they are accustomed to military bands

  4. which possesses its own separate police force

  5. which contains murder relics and forgery exhibits

  6. that this policeman will bring the criminal to justice

  7. whereas the same search would take six men an hour

Ответ

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Task 11

Harry Potter course for university students 

Students of Durham University are being given the chance to sign up to what is thought to be the UK’s first course focusing on the world of Harry Potter. Although every English-speaking person in the world knows about Harry Potter books and films, few have thought of using them as a guide to … modern life.

The Durham University module uses the works of JK Rowling A ______ modern society. “Harry Potter and the Age of Illusion” will be available for study next year. So far about 80 undergraduates have signed В ______ a BA degree in Education Studies. Future educationalists will analyse JK Rowling’s fanfiction from various points of view.

A university spokesman said: “This module places the Harry Potter novels in a wider social and cultural context.” He added that a number of themes would be explored, С ______ the classroom, bullying, friendship and solidarity and the ideals of and good citizenship.

The module was created by the head of the Department of Education at Durham University. He said the idea for the new module had appeared in response D ______ body: “It seeks to place the series in its wider social and cultural context and will explore some fundamental issues E ______ . You just need to read the academic writing which started F ______ that Harry Potter is worthy of serious study.”

  1. up for the optional module, part of

  2. to emerge four or five years ago to see

  3. to examine prejudice, citizenship and bullying in

  4. such as the response of the writer

  5. including the world of rituals, prejudice and intolerance in

  6. to growing demand from the student

  7. such as the moral universe of the school

Ответ

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Task 12

Laughing and evolution

 The first hoots of laughter from an ancient ancestor of humans could be heard at least 10 million years ago, according to the results of a new study. Researchers used recordings of apes and babies being tickled A ______ to the last common ancestor that humans shared with the modern great apes, which include chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans.

The finding challenges the opinion В ______ , suggesting instead that it emerged long before humans split from the evolutionary path that led to our primate cousins, between 10m and 16m years ago.

“In humans, laughing can be the strongest way of expressing how much we are enjoying ourselves, but it can also be used in other contexts, like making fun of someone,” said Marina Davila Ross, a psychologist at Portsmouth University. “I was interested in С ______ .”

Davila Ross travelled to seven zoos around Europe and visited a wildlife reserve in Sabah, Borneo, to record baby and juvenile apes D ______ . Great apes are known to make noises that are similar to laughter when they are excited and while they are playing with each other.

Davila Ross collected recordings of laughter from 21 chimps, gorillas, orangutans and bonobos and added recordings of three babies that were tickled to make them laugh.

To analyze the recordings, the team put them into a computer program. “Our evolutionary tree based on these acoustic recordings alone showed E ______ , but furthest from orangutans, with gorillas somewhere in the middle.” said Davila Ross. “What this shows is strong evidence to suggest F ______ .”

  1. whether laughing emerged earlier on than humans did

  2. to create the evolutionary tree linking humans and apes

  3. that laughter is a uniquely human trait

  4. that humans were closest to chimps and bonobos

  5. that laughing comes from a common primate ancestor

  6. while their caretakers tickled them

  7. to trace the origin of laughter back

Ответ

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Task 13

Nenets culture affected by global warming

 For 1,000 years the indigenous Nenets people have migrated along the 450-mile- long Yamal peninsula in northern Russia. In summer they wander northwards, taking their reindeer with them. In winter they return southwards.

But this remote region of north-west Siberia is now being affected by global warming. Traditionally the Nenets travel across the frozen River Ob in November A ___ around Nadym. These days, though, this annual winter migration is delayed. Last year the Nenets, together with many thousands of reindeer, had to wait until late December В ____ .

“Our reindeer were hungry. There wasn’t enough food,” Jakov Japtik, a Nenets reindeer herder, said. “The snow is melting sooner, quicker and faster than before. In spring it’s difficult for the reindeer to pull the sledges. They get tired,” Japtik said.

Herders say that the peninsula’s weather is increasingly unpredictable — with unseasonal snowstorms  С ___, and milder longer autumns. In winter, temperatures used to go down to -50°C. Now they are normally around -30°C, according to Japtik. “Obviously we prefer -30°C. But the changes aren’t good for the reindeer D ___,” he said, setting off on his sledge to round up his reindeer herd.

Even here, in one of the most remote parts of the planet, E __ . Last year the Nenets arrived at a regular summer camping spot and discovered that half of their lake had disappeared. The water had drained away after a landslide. The Nenets report other curious changes — there are fewer mosquitoes and a strange increase in flies. Scientists say there is unmistakable evidence F ___ .

  1. when the ice was finally thick enough to cross

  2. that the impact on Russia would be disastrous

  3. the environment is under pressure

  4. and in the end what is good for the reindeer is good for us

  5. and set up their camps in the southern forests

  6. that Yamal’s ancient permafrost is melting

  7. when the reindeer give birth in May

Ответ

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Task 14

Duration of life and its social implications

The world’s population is about to reach a landmark of huge social and economic importance, when the proportion of the global population over 65 outnumbers children under 5 for the first time. A new report by the US census bureau shows A____ , with enormous consequences for both rich and poor nations.

The rate of growth will shoot up in the next couple of years. The В ___ a combination of the high birth rates after the Second World War and more recent improvements in health that are bringing down death rates at older ages. Separate UN forecasts predict that the global population will be more than nine billion by 2050.

The US census bureau was the first to sound the С ___ . Its latest forecasts warn governments and international bodies that this change in population structure will bring widespread challenges at every level of human organization, starting with the structure of the family, which will be transformed as people live longer. This will in turn place new burdens on careers and social services providers, D ___ for health services and pensions systems.

“People are living longer and, in some parts of the world, healthier lives,” the authors conclude. “This represents one of the greatest achievements of the last century but also a significant challenge E ___ population.”

Ageing will put pressure on societies at all levels. One way of measuring that is to look at the older dependency ratio, F ___ that must be supported by them. The ODR is the number of people aged 65 and over for every 100 people aged 20 to 64. It varies widely, from just six in Kenya to 33 in Italy and Japan. The UK has an ODR of 26, and the US has 21.

  1. which recently replaced Italy as the world’s oldest major country

  2. alarm about these changes

  3. a huge shift towards an ageing population

  4. change is due to

  5. while patterns of work and retirement will have huge implications

  6. which shows the balance between working-age people and the older

  7. as proportions of older people increase in most countries

Ответ

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Task 15

Elephants sense ‘danger’ clothes

 St Andrews University researchers discovered that elephants could recognise the degree of danger posed by various groups of individuals. The study found that African elephants always reacted with fear A ______ previously worn by men of the Maasai tribe. They are known to demonstrate their courage by В ______ .

The elephants also responded aggressively to red clothing, which defines traditional Maasai dress.

However, the elephants showed a much milder reaction to clothing previously worn by the Kamba people, С ______ and pose little threat.

The researchers first presented elephants with clean, red clothing and with red clothing that had been worn for five days by D ______ .

They revealed that Maasai-smelt clothing motivated elephants to travel significantly faster in the first minute after they moved away.

They then investigated whether elephants could also use the colour of clothing as a cue to classify a potential threat and found the elephants reacted with aggression E ______ . This suggested that they associated the colour red with the Maasai.

The researchers believe the distinction in the elephants’ emotional reaction to smell and colour might be explained by F ______ . They might be able to distinguish among different human groups according to the level of risk they posed.

«We regard this experiment as just a start to investigating precisely how elephants ‘see the world’, and it may be that their abilities will turn out to equal or exceed those of our closer relatives, the monkeys and apes,» researchers added.

  1. either a Maasai or a Kamba man

  2. who do not hunt elephants

  3. when they detected the smell of clothes

  4. who carried out the research

  5. the amount of risk they sense

  6. spearing elephants

  7. when they spotted red but not white cloth

Ответ

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Task 16

Culture and customs

 In less than twenty years, the mobile telephone has gone from being rare, expensive equipment of the business elite to a pervasive, low-cost personal item. In many countries, mobile telephones A ___ ; in the U.S., 50 per cent of children have mobile telephones. In many young adults’ households it has supplanted the land-line telephone. The mobile phone is В ___ , such as North Korea.

Paul Levinson in his 2004 book Cellphone argues that by looking back through history we can find many precursors to the idea of people simultaneously walking and talking on a mobile phone. Mobile phones are the next extension in portable media, that now can be С ___ into one device. Levinson highlights that as the only mammal to use only two out of our four limbs to walk, we are left two hands free D ___ — like talking on a mobile phone.

Levinson writes that “Intelligence and inventiveness, applied to our need to communicate regardless of where we may be, led logically and eventually to telephones that we E ___ .”

Given the high levels of societal mobile telephone service penetration, it is a key means for people F ___ . The SMS feature spawned the «texting» sub-culture. In December 1993, the first person-to-person SMS text message was transmitted in Finland. Currently, texting is the most widely-used data service; 1.8 billion users generated $80 billion of revenue in 2006.

  1. to perform other actions

  2. outnumber traditional telephones

  3. to communicate with each other

  4. combined with the Internet

  5. to serve basic needs

  6. banned in some countries

  7. carry in our pockets

Ответ

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Task 17

My Stage

 My family moved to Rockaway, New Jersey in the summer of 1978. It was there that my dreams of stardom began.

I was nine years old. Heather Lambrix lived next door, and she and I became best friends. I thought she was so lucky A ___ . She took tap and jazz and got to wear cool costumes with bright sequences and makeup and perform on stage. I went to all of her recitals and В ___ .

My living room and sometimes the garage were my stage. I belonged to a cast of four, which consisted of Heather, my two younger sisters, Lisa and Faith, and I. Since I was the oldest and the bossiest, I was the director. Heather came with her own costumes С ___ . We choreographed most of our dance numbers as we went along. Poor Faith … we would throw her around D ___ . She was only about four or five … and so agile. We danced around in our bathing suits to audiocassettes and records from all the Broadway musicals. We’d put a small piece of plywood on the living room carpet, E ___ . And I would imitate her in my sneakers on the linoleum in the hall. I was a dancer in the making.

My dad eventually converted a part of our basement into a small theater. He hung two “spotlights” and a sheet for a curtain. We performed dance numbers to tunes like “One” and “The Music and the Mirror” from A Chorus Line. I sang all the songs from Annie. I loved to sing, F ___. I just loved to sing. So I belted out songs like “Tomorrow”, “Maybe” and “What I Did For Love.” I knew then, this is what I wanted to do with my life.

  1. like she was a rag doll

  2. whether I was good at it or not

  3. wished I, too, could be on stage

  4. and I designed the rest

  5. and I was star struck

  6. so Heather could do her tap routine

  7. because she got to go to dance lessons

Ответ

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Task 18

Cat’s punctuality

 Sergeant Podge, a Norwegian Forest Cat, disappears from his owner’s home in a small town in Kent, every night. But what baffles his owner, Liz Bullard, mostly is the fact that the next morning, the 12-year-old cat always pops up in exactly the same place, A ___ . And every morning Ms. Bullard takes her son to school before collecting Sergeant Podge.

She said that the routine had set in earlier this year, when Sergeant Podge disappeared one day. Ms. Bullard spent hours telephoning her neighbours В ___ .

An elderly woman living about one and a half miles away called back to inform Ms. Bullard that she had found a cat matching Sergeant Podge’s description. Ms. Bullard picked him up but within days he vanished from sight again. She rang the elderly woman С ___ .

She said a routine has now become established, where each morning she takes her son to school before driving to collect Sergeant Podge D ___ .

It is thought Sergeant Podge walks across a golf course every night to reach his destination.

Ms. Bullard said: “If it’s raining he may be in the bush but he comes running if I clap my hands.” All she has to do is open the car passenger door from the inside for Sergeant Podge to jump in.

Ms. Bullard also makes the trip at weekends and during school holidays — E ___ .

She does not know why, after 12 years, Sergeant Podge has begun the routine but explained that another woman who lived nearby used to feed him sardines, and that he may be F ___ .

His owner doesn’t mind his wandering off at night as long as she knows where to collect him.

  1. on the look-out for more treats

  2. from the pavement between 0800 and 0815 GMT

  3. to discover Sergeant Podge was back outside her home

  4. on a pavement about one and a half miles (2.4km) away

  5. to identify if anyone had bumped into him

  6. when her son is having a lie-in

  7. collected by car every morning

Ответ

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Task 19

Do you speak English?

When I arrived in England I thought I knew English. After I’d been here an hour I realized that I did not understand one word. In the first week I picked up a tolerable working knowledge of the language and the next seven years convinced me gradually but thoroughly that I A ______ , let alone perfectly. This is sad. My only consolation being that nobody speaks English perfectly.

Remember that those five hundred words an average Englishman uses are B ______ . You may learn another five hundred and another five thousand and yet another fifty thousand and still you may come across a further fifty thousand C ______ .

If you live here long enough you will find out to your greatest amazement that the adjective nice is not the only adjective the language possesses, in spite of the fact that D ______ . You can say that the weather is nice, a restaurant is nice, Mr. Soandso is nice, Mrs. Soandso’s clothes are nice, you had a nice time, E ______ .

Then you have to decide on your accent. The easiest way to give the impression of having a good accent or no foreign accent at all is to hold an unlit pipe in your mouth, to mutter between your teeth and finish all your sentences with the question: “isn’t it?” People will not understand much, but they are accustomed to that and they will get a F ______ .

  1. whatever it costs

  2. most excellent impression

  3. you have never heard of before, and nobody else either

  4. in the first three years you do not need to learn or use any other adjectives

  5. would never know it really well

  6. far from being the whole vocabulary of the language

  7. and all this

Ответ

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Task 20

Before the Hubble Space Telescope was launched, scientists thought they knew the universe. They were wrong.

The Hubble Space Telescope has changed many scientists’ view of the universe. The telescope is named after American astronomer Edwin Hubble, A ______ .

He established that many galaxies exist and developed the first system for their classifications.

In many ways, Hubble is like any other telescope. It simply gathers light. It is roughly the size of a large school bus. What makes Hubble special is not what it is, B ______ .

Hubble was launched in 1990 from the “Discovery” space shuttle and it is about 350 miles above our planet, C ______ .

It is far from the glare of city lights, it doesn’t have to look through the air, D ______ .

And what a view it is! Hubble is so powerful it could spot a fly on the moon. Yet in an average orbit, it uses the same amount of energy as 28100-watt light bulbs. Hubble pictures require no film. The telescope takes digital images E ______ .

Hubble has snapped photos of storms on Saturn and exploding stars. Hubble doesn’t just focus on our solar system. It also peers into our galaxy and beyond. Many Hubble photos show the stars that make up the Milky Way galaxy. A galaxy is a city of stars.

Hubble cannot take pictures of the sun or other very bright objects, because doing so could “fry” the telescope’s instruments, but it can detect infrared and ultra violet light F ______ .

Some of the sights of our solar system that Hubble has glimpsed may even change the number of planets in it.

  1. which is above Earth’s atmosphere.

  2. which are transmitted to scientists on Earth.

  3. which is invisible to the human eye.

  4. who calculated the speed at which galaxies move.

  5. so it has a clear view of space.

  6. because many stars are in clouds of gas.

  7. but where it is.

Ответ

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Task 21

The science of sound, or acoustics, as it is often called, has been made over radically within a comparatively short space of time. Not so long ago the lectures on sound in colleges and high schools dealt chiefly with the vibrations of such things as the air columns in organ pipes. Nowadays, however, thanks chiefly to a number of electronic instruments engineers can study sounds as effectively A ____ . The result has been a new approach to research in sound. Scientists have been able to make far-reaching discoveries in many fields of acoustics B _____ .

Foremost among the instruments that have revolutionized the study of acoustics are electronic sound-level meters also known as sound meters and sound-intensity meters. These are effective devices that first convert sound waves into weak electric signals, then amplify the signals through electronic means C ______ . The intensity of a sound is measured in units called decibels. “Zero” sound is the faintest sound D ______ . The decibel measures the ratio of the intensity of a given sound to the standard “zero” sound. The decibel scale ranges from 0 to 130. An intensity of 130 decibels is perceived not only as a sound, but also E ______ . The normal range of painlessly audible sounds for the average human ear is about 120 decibels. For forms of life other than ourselves, the range can be quite different.

The ordinary sound meter measures the intensity of a given sound, rather than its actual loudness. Under most conditions, however, it is a quite good indicator of loudness. Probably the loudest known noise ever heard by human ears was that of the explosive eruption in August, 1883, of the volcano of Krakatoa in the East Indies. No electronic sound meters, of course, were in existence then, but physicists estimate that the sound at its source must have had an intensity of 190 decibels, F ______ .

  1. and finally measure them.

  2. since it was heard 3,000 miles away.

  3. and they have been able to put many of these discoveries to practical use.

  4. that loud sound is of high intensity.

  5. as they study mechanical forces.

  6. as a painful sensation in the ear.

  7. that the unaided human ear can detect.

Ответ

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Task 22

Chocolate 

Chocolate is made from a number of raw and processed foods produced from the seeds of tropical cacao trees. Cacao has been cultivated in A ______ at least 3000 years. For most of this time it was made into a drink called, in translation — “bitter water”. This is because В ______ to be fermented to develop a palatable flavour. After fermentation the beans are dried and roasted and the shell is removed to produce cacao nibs. These are then ground and liquefied into chocolate liquor. The liquor is then processed into cocoa solids or cocoa butter. Pure chocolate contains primarily cocoa solids and butter in different proportions. Much of С ______ with added sugar. Milk chocolate is sweetened chocolate that additionally contains either milk powder or condensed milk. White chocolate on the other D ______ is therefore not a true chocolate. Chocolate contains theobromine and phenethylamine which have physiological effects on the body. It is similar to serotonin levels in the brain. Scientists claim E ______ , can lower blood pressure. Recently, dark chocolate has also been promoted for its health benefits. But pet owners should remember that the presence of theobromine makes it toxic to cats and dogs. Chocolate is now one F______ , although 16 of the top 20 chocolate consuming countries are in Europe. Also interesting is that 66% of world chocolate is consumed between meals.

  1. the chocolate consumed today is made

  2. that chocolate, eaten in moderation

  3. central and southern America for

  4. of the world’s most popular flavours

  5. hand contains no cocoa solids and

  6. cacao seeds are intensely bitter and have

  7. many countries worldwide at

Ответ

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Task 23

Reality TV

 Reality TV seems to dominate broadcasting these days. But what is it, how did it emerge and why on earth is it so popular? The first question is easily answered. Reality TV A ______ presents unscripted, dramatic or humorous situations or events. It can involve celebrities В ______ of the public. Reality TV has been gradually growing in importance for over 60 years. “Candid Camera” — the show that filmed ordinary people reacting to set ups and pranks — started in 1948. Some people, however, believe it was the Japanese with their awful shows in the 1980s and 90s that brought reality TV to centre stage. Others believe С ______ that is called “Big Brother” was the show that spawned the reality TV age. But why are the shows so popular? Different theories come to life. Some believe that it is D ______ we like to watch horrible behaviour: the same instinct that once inspired the ancient Romans to go and watch gladiators destroy each other at the Coliseum. Others suggest a kind of voyeurism is involved there — an unhealthy curiosity to spy on other people’s lives.

Whatever the real reason — the trend seems to have already peaked. A lot of such shows E ______ or are expected to go in the near future. And the replacement seems to be talents shows — watching competitions in dance, singing and general entertainment. Does it mean that people are changing? It is too early to say. Most agree that these F ______ .

  1. due to basic human instinct that

  2. is still early to judge

  3. are simply the cycles of fashion

  4. but more usually the stars are members

  5. that the television phenomenon

  6. is a type of programme that

  7. seem to have disappeared

Ответ

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Task 24

Mikhail Lomonosov and Moscow State University

 Mikhail Lomonosov was one of the intellectual titans of XVIII century. His interests ranged from history, rhetoric, art and poetry A ______ . Alexander Pushkin described him as В ______ , whose lifelong passion was learning.

Lomonosov’s activity is a manifestation of the enormous potential of the Russian scientific community. Peter I reformed Russia, which allowed the country to reach the standard of С ______ many spheres. Great importance was placed on education. St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, founded by Peter I, established a university and a grammar school to educate intellectuals and researchers the country needed; however, these educational establishments could not fulfill the task they took on. It was Michail Lomonosov D ______ of establishing a university in Moscow. An influential courtier and the E ______ Count Shuvalov supported Lomonosov’s plans for a new university and presented them to the Empress.

In 1755, on 25 January-St. Tatiana’s Day according to the Russian Orthodox Church calendar — Elizaveta signed the decree that a university should be founded in Moscow. The opening ceremony took place on 26 April, when Elizaveta’s coronation day was celebrated. Since 1755 25 January and 26 April F ______ Moscow University; the annual conference where students present the results of their research work is traditionally held in April.

  1. who suggested in his letter to Count Shuvalov the idea

  2. to mechanics, chemistry and mineralogy

  3. a person of formidable willpower and keen scientific mind

  4. favourite of Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, the patron of arts and science

  5. the contemporary European powers in

  6. are marked by special events and festivities at

  7. famous among all educated people

Ответ

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Task 25

Window Shopping

 The day would be spent with my best friends Kath and Kate. We are actually three Catherines (by birth spelt with a C), A______ we are all K’s: Kat (that’s me), Kath and Kate — the 3K Window Shopping gang!

Window shopping is simply wonderful. You can look at any outfit. You can try on В ______ not a single item on sale for which the price is a problem. You will try something on, ponder, pout, twirl, think hard, check yourself in the mirror one last time and finally reflect С ______ right for you! The highlight of this regular adventure however, is generally the 3K chocolate and ice cream break in the Shopping Centre’s top floor cafii Of course we do not believe that we are wasting anyone’s time. We do D ______ as well, but a reliable equation for us is — 3Ks + shopping mall = a good time.

But E ______ out to be especially memorable. One of the stores had a questionnaire lottery with the first prize being a voucher worth £200. We filled in the question forms while in the cafiiand returned to the store by their 2.00pm deadline. Kate won the first prize but we had decided in advance that if any of us won something, we would share equally: All for one К and one for all! At this point our morning of window shopping paid off. We completed F ______ slightly less than 10 minutes: three skirts, three hats and three belts and three very OK, K’s.

  1. not like to spend our time

  2. that it’s probably not quite

  3. that particular day turned

  4. our real shopping in

  5. sometimes go shopping for real

  6. anything you want and there is

  7. but when we are together

Ответ

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Task 26

The Hotel

 “Have you stayed with us before sir?” asked the receptionist. His accent sounded middle-European; Czech possibly or Polish. Actually I hadn’t stayed at this particular hotel before A ______ to many others from the same chain that I had stayed at. “No — first time” I replied with unnecessary brevity. The thing is I always feel В ______ rather than treated as an individual. Every word that I was about to hear, I had heard before — delivered no doubt from the depths of a tourism and hospitality course. “Welcome to Newcastle sir. Is this your first visit to our city? Can I trouble you to complete this form? Actually the first two lines and the signature at the bottom will do. Would you like С ______ , Sir? This will automatically unlock room facilities like mini-bar and telephone and any other extras you may require. Can I see your passport sir?” The questions and information D ______ responses were actually required and I handed over my passport, credit card and partly filled out form. I was tempted to write under name and address “Donald Duck, Duck Towers, Disney Street” — E ______ ever read the form again. But being a creature of habit I wrote my real name and address. While my card was being processed I looked across the reception area through the wall height windows to the beautiful River Tyne. A wave of nostalgia came over me. It was good to be back. I found myself thinking about her again and wondering F ______ a voice broke in: “It’s a plastic key card sir. You also need it to activate the lift and when you get to your room, plug it into the switch on the left as you open the door. It will automatically supply electricity to the room. Any help with your baggage? No? Then enjoy your stay”. The accomplished young Pole smiled as he delivered the final command and duly processed, I proceeded to the card activated lift.

  1. me to take a print of your credit card

  2. points poured out smoothly, no verbal

  3. if I would even see her when

  4. although it seemed virtually identical

  5. so sure was I that nobody would

  6. me to help you with your luggage

  7. as if I am being processed like a product

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Task 27

Lindsay Wildlife Museum

 Lindsay Wildlife Museum is a unique natural history and environmental education centre where visitors can listen to the cry of a red-tailed hawk, go eye-to-eye with a grey fox and watch a bald eagle eat lunch. More than fifty species of native California animals are on exhibit here.

 Thousands of school children learn about the natural environment in their classrooms A ____ of the museum. Nature- and science- oriented classes and trips are offered for adults and children. More than 600 volunteers help to feed and care for wild animals, В _____. Volunteers are active in the museum’s work, contributing С ____.

 The museum was founded by a local businessman, Alexander Lindsay. Sandy, as friends knew him, started teaching neighborhood children about nature in the early 1950s. Initially housed in an elementary school, the museum began offering school-aged children summer classes, D ____.

 After nearly a decade of the museum operation, it became apparent E ____. With a new 5,000 square-foot home, the museum could now develop and display a permanent collection of live, native wildlife and natural history objects. People came to the museum for help with wild animals F ___ urban growth. In response, a formal wildlife rehabilitation programme — the first of its kind in the United States of America — began in 1970.

  1. that a permanent, year-round site was necessary

  2. as well as field trips focused on the natural world

  3. many hours of service to wildlife care and fundraising

  4. that had been injured or orphaned because of intense

  5. that needed public attention and a new building

  6. as well as teach children and adults about nature

  7. through education programmes and on-site tours

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Task 28

America’s fun place on America’s main street

 If any city were considered a part of every citizen in the United States, it would be Washington, DC. To many, the Old Post Office Pavilion serves A ____. If you are in the area, be a part of it all by visiting us — or В ____. Doing so will keep you aware of the latest musical events, great happenings and international dining, to say the least.

Originally built in 1899, the Old Post Office Pavilion embodied the modern spirit С ____. Today, our architecture and spirit of innovation continues to evolve and thrive. And, thanks to forward-thinking people, you can now stroll through the Old Post Office Pavilion and experience both D ____ with international food, eclectic shopping and musical events. All designed to entertain lunch, mid-day and after work audiences all week long.

A highlight of the Old Post Office Pavilion is its 315-foot Clock Tower. Offering a breath-taking view of the city, National Park Service Rangers give free Clock Tower tours every day! Individuals and large tour groups are all welcome. The Old Post Office Clock Tower also proudly houses the official United States Bells of Congress, a gift from England E ____. The Washington Ringing Society sounds the Bells of Congress every Thursday evening and on special occasions.

Visit the Old Post Office Pavilion, right on Pennsylvania Avenue between the White House and the Capitol. It is a great opportunity F ____, this is a landmark not to be missed no matter your age.

  1. that are offered to the visitors

  2. its glamorous past and fun-filled present

  3. as a landmark reminder of wonderful experiences

  4. by joining our e-community

  5. that was sweeping the country

  6. celebrating the end of the Revolutionary War

  7. to learn more about American history

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Task 29

Number of teenagers with Saturday job drops

 The number of teenagers with Saturday jobs has dropped. Young people do not acquire any experience for their CVs — a crucial step towards getting full-time work. The proportion of teenagers combining part-time jobs with school or college has slumped from 40% in the 1990s to around 20% now, according to the UK Commission for Employment and Skills (UKCES), a government agency. Latest figures show that only A ____ in 1997.

The trend is not just recession-related, but the result of an increasing expectation В ____ well as a falling number of Saturday jobs, according to the report. Many of the jobs that young people do, such as bar work, are in long-term decline, and are forecast to decline further over the next decade.

«Recruiters place significant emphasis on experience С ____,» the report says. Word of mouth is the most common way to get a job, D _____ young people are unable to build up informal contacts, it adds.

Ms. Todd, a commissioner at the UKCES, said: «There’s more emphasis on doing well at school, young people are finding less time to do what they would have done a few years ago.» «I think it’s also the changing structure of the labour market. Retail is still a big employer, E ____. As a consequence, we need to think about how we get young people the work experience they need.»

A new initiative to send employees into state schools to talk about their careers was also launched recently. The scheme, Inspiring the Future, is meant to give state schoolchildren access to the kind of careers advice that private schools offer. The deputy prime minister said: «The power of making connections F ____ and can be life-changing.»

  1. that it was researching the system of funding education after 16

  2. 260,000 teenagers have a Saturday job compared with 435,000

  3. but young people are leaving education increasingly less experienced

  4. that inspire young people is immeasurable

  5. but an increasing shortage of work experience means

  6. that young people should stay on at school, as

  7. but a lot more of it is being done online

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Task 30

Lots of fun in Cardiff

 As you would expect of a capital city, Cardiff offers a huge choice of exciting sport and entertainment throughout the year.

Every March the city celebrates St. David, Wales’ patron saint, with parades and music. August sees the International Festival of Street Entertainment, with the heart of the city A ____. Family fun days in the parks and at the waterfront are part of this sensational summer scene. Brass and military bands are often to be seen on Cardiff s streets. Between May and October the world’s only seagoing paddle steamer cruises from Cardiff’s seaside resort.

In autumn the fun continues with Cardiff s Festival of the Arts В _____. Music is at the centre of the festival, with international stars С ____. Christmas in Cardiff is full of colour and festivities. The truly spectacular Christmas illuminations have earned Cardiff the title of «Christmas City». And there is entertainment for all the family, D ____.

There is always something happening in Cardiff. The BBC National Orchestra of Wales and Welsh National Opera can both be heard here. Cardiff previews many London «West End» shows E _____.

The city’s range of accommodation facilities is truly impressive, F ____. And with a city as compact as Cardiff there are places to stay in all price brackets.

  1. from international names to family-run guest houses

  2. joining some of Wales’ most talented musicians

  3. having their summer holidays in Cardiff

  4. that usually attract hundreds of theatre lovers

  5. which features music, film, literature and graphics

  6. from pantomimes to Christmas tree celebrations

  7. beating with dance and theatrical performances

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Task 31

Changing image

 For more than 200 years Madame Tussaud’s has been attracting tourists from all over the world and it remains just as popular as it ever was. There are many reasons for this enduring success, but at the heart of it all is good, old-fashioned curiosity.

Madame Tussaud’s original concept has entered a brand new era of interactive entertainment A _____. Today’s visitors are sent on a breathtaking journey in black cabs through hundreds of years of the past. They have a unique chance to see the great legends of history, В _____ of politics.

Much of the figure construction technique follows the traditional pattern, beginning whenever possible with the subject С _____ and personal characteristics. The surprising likeliness of the wax portraits also owes much to many stars D _____, either by providing their stage clothes, or simply giving useful advice.

The museum continues constantly to add figures E ____ popularity. The attraction also continues to expand globally with established international branches in New York, Hong Kong, Amsterdam and many other cities. And they all have the same rich mix of interaction, authenticity and local appeal.

The museum provides a stimulating and educational environment for schoolchildren. Its specialists are working together with practicing teachers and educational advisors to create different programmes of activities, F ____.

  1. as well as resources on art, technology and drama

  2. as well as the idols of popular music and the icons

  3. who is sitting to determine exact measurements

  4. ranging from special effects to fully animated figures

  5. ranging from all kinds of souvenirs to sports equipment

  6. that reflect contemporary public opinion and celebrity

  7. who are eager to help in any possible way they can

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Task 32

Saturday jobs: memories of weekend working

 Research has shown a sharp fall in the number of teenagers who do Saturday jobs. It seems such a shame — my Saturday job as a kitchen porter was something of a rite of passage. I’ll never forget long hours A _____, scouring grease off huge saucepans and griddles. Working atmosphere there helped me grow a thicker skin, develop quicker banter and, most importantly, taught me the value of hard work. It also resulted in a steady supply of cash, В ____. I’m not the only one who has strong memories of weekend work. DJ Trevor Nelson said everyone should be able to have a Saturday job: «It taught me a lot, С ____.»

The link between the type of Saturday job a celebrity performed and their later career is sometimes obvious. Dragon’s Den star and businessman Peter Jones, for example, showed early promise by starting his own business. «I passed my Lawn Tennis Association coaching exam, D ____,» he explains. «At the start I was coaching other kids, E ____, for which I could charge £25-30 an hour. While my friends on milk rounds were getting £35 a week, I was doing five hours on a Saturday and earning four times as much.»

Skier Chemmy Alcott got a job working for the Good Ski Guide, on the advertising side. «It became clear to me what my personal value to companies could be. It led directly to me finding my head sponsor … and it offered me an eight-year contract. That gave me the financial backing F ____.»

As part of its response to the Saturday job statistics, the UK Commission for Employment and Skills said a lack of early work opportunities makes it harder for young people to acquire experience for their СVs.

  1. and things would be different if everyone was given the chance

  2. which let me know he approved of me

  3. and I persuaded my local club to let me use a court on Saturdays

  4. which I needed to become a professional skier

  5. which I would happily spend as I liked

  6. that I spent in the kitchen of a busy country pub in East Sussex

  7. but soon I got adults wanting to book lessons

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Task 33

Orient Express

 In the early 1860s, trains were the preferred way to travel. They weren’t particularly comfortable, however, until American engineer George Mortimer Pullman decided to make trains more luxurious.

By the late 1860s, trains furnished not only sleeping cars, but kitchen and dining facilities, where A _____. This was innovative for the time, and was aimed to encourage people В _____. The first of these Pullman trains in England ran from London to Brighton and used electricity for illumination.

In 1881, another railway entrepreneur, George Nagelmacker, introduced the use of a restaurant car onboard, and the first Orient Express train service was begun. Running from Paris to Romania the route included Strasbourg, Vienna, Budapest and Bucharest.

Thanks to the 12 mile Simplon Tunnel, С _____, the Orient Express expanded, including a route to Istanbul, and the legendary romance of the Orient Express was in full swing.

Everyone in the social register, including royalty, chose to travel on the wheels of that luxury hotel D _____ in wealthy surroundings. Legends, stories, and intrigue surrounded those trips to exotic places, and those famous people E _____.

Unfortunately, during World War II this luxury travel was closed for the most part, and later, after the war, F ____ to start it again. Within the next few years airplane travel became popular, and train passenger service declined.

  1. elegant meals were served to passengers

  2. to use trains for long distance travel and vacations

  3. who rode the train

  4. who wrote about it

  5. which connected Switzerland and Italy

  6. that served dishes and wines

  7. there was no money

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Task 34

Arizona’s world class cruise

 Spectacular Canyon Lake is situated in the heart of the Superstition Mountains in Arizona, giving home to the Dolly Steamboat. The Dolly Steamboat, A ____, now cruises the secluded inner waterways of this beautiful lake. It is worth exploring this favourite destination of President Theodore Roosevelt who declared, «The Apache Trail and surrounding area combines the grandeur of the Alps, the glory of the Rockies, the magnificence of the Grand Canyon and then adds something В ____.» You will marvel as you travel up to the national forest, which provides the most inspiring and beautiful panorama С ____. Every trip brings new discoveries of rock formations, geological history, and the flora and fauna distinct to the deserts of Arizona.

Once aboard the Dolly Steamboat, you may view the majestic desert big horn sheep, bald eagles and a host bird of other wildlife, water fowl, D ____. Experience the unique sound harmony that is created by the waters of Canyon Lake. Stretch out and relax at one of the tables or stand next to the railings on the deck. There is plenty of leg room on the Dolly. You will get a unique chance to listen to the captain E ____.

All the passengers are treated with outstanding service and personal attention to every need. Feel free to ask questions, move about and mingle with the crew. So enjoy an unforgettable vacation cruise and see F ____ ,like a ride on Arizona’s Dolly Steamboat.

  1. that nature has ever created in the wild

  2. that none of the others have

  3. hovering over the magnificent lake

  4. who retells the legends of the mysterious past

  5. for yourself why there is nothing quite

  6. who pays much attention to children’s safety

  7. continuing a tradition of cruising since 1925

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Task 35

US Congress

 The Congress of the United States of America is an important part of the US federal government.

It is an assembly of elected representatives A ____ but not to select the chief executive of the nation; that individual is elected by the people.

Congress is not a single organization; it is a vast and complex collection of organizations B ____ and through which members of Congress form alliances.

C ____, in which political parties are the only important kind of organization, parties are only one of many important units in Congress.

In fact other organizations have grown in number D ____.

The Democrats and Republicans in the House and the Senate are organized by party leaders, E ____ within the House and Senate. The party structure is essentially the same in the House as in the Senate, though the titles of various posts are different.

But leadership carries more power in the House than in the Senate because of the House rules. F _____, the House must restrict debate and schedule its business with great care; thus leaders who do the scheduling and who determine how the rules shall be applied usually have substantial influence.

  1. as party influence has declined

  2. against the spirit of the Constitution

  3. being so large (435 members)

  4. empowered to make laws

  5. unlike the British Parliament

  6. by which the business of Congress is carried on

  7. who in turn are elected by the full party membership

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Task 36

The Trailblazers

 In the early 1800s, the area that would become the western United States was completely undeveloped.

Explorers, hunters, traders, and settlers had to blaze their own trails. A____ to move possessions and supplies became common place.

Manifest Destiny was the belief that Americans had a God-given right to take over the continent. As they moved west, settlers used this policy B_____ to new people and territories.

Trails increased trade opportunities between western and eastern regions, and the U.S. economy prospered C_____ on each other for goods.

To achieve Manifest Destiny, the United States purchased land from other countries or conquered territory D_____ until its borders stretched from coast to coast.

More than one-half million people chose to travel West on trails between 1800 and 1870, E_____.

As new technology spread across the West, however, the use of trails came to an end. The railroads built thousands of miles of tracks, and, F ____, a cheap, relatively safe, and quick way to transport people and supplies to western areas existed.

  1. to spread U.S. ideas and government

  2. for the first time in history

  3. thus replacing them forever

  4. as territories became interdependent

  5. the use of covered wagons

  6. by taking land from Native peoples

  7. forming the largest mass migration in history

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Task 37

A Young Mayor

 This is a very unusual case, but as you will see, unusual doesn’t mean impossible.

An 18-year-old school girl has become the youngest mayor of a British town in history. Amanda Bracebridge, A_____, won leadership of Clun village council in a dramatic election last night. The tiny village only has 122 voters and Amanda won the election by just two votes from the only other candidate, 69-year-old Fred Gardner of the Conservative party. Amanda, B _____, was an independent candidate. She was surprised by her success, C _____. “My election promise was to make sure D _____,” she told us. She was referring to the plans from a large company to buy up farmland and build flats there. “We live in one of the most beautiful villages in Shropshire and I want to make sure it stays that way.”

Amanda, who is in her last year at nearby Bishop’s Castle High School, E _____ and her exams which she takes in two months. “It’s going to be a pretty busy few months,” she said. “But when the exams are over I will be able to concentrate completely on helping my village”.

Amanda had plans to go to university but is now going to start a year later F _____. “I’ve talked to Leeds University and they say my place will wait for me”. And what is she going to study? Politics? “No, actually, I am going to do sociology and economics”.

  1. who is not a member of any political party

  2. that our village would be protected from outside interests

  3. but it was not a total shock to her

  4. being a politics student at the university

  5. so she can do her job as mayor properly

  6. who is only just old enough to vote herself

  7. will have to find time for her work as mayor

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Task 38

Is there enough to say?

 They only appeared about ten years ago but already they are everywhere, everyone’s got one. They are the wonder of the modern age — mobile phones, or cell phones, A ____. Apparently, mobile phones are now used by about 2.5 billion people worldwide, and about one billion new mobile phones are sold every year worldwide. Go back to 1997, and only 100 million were sold. As we can see, the mobile phone business B_____.

And the developments keep on coming. Once we could only make phone calls; now mobile phones C_____ and do many other useful things. Once we had to hold our mobile phones in our hand; now we can use throat microphones. What next? We are told that soon, tiny microphones will be implanted into our lips. We’ll be able to dial numbers just by saying them.

But surely we need to ask ourselves: What’s good about this? OK, we can talk to other people almost all the time now — but is that so great? Watch and listen to people when a plane has landed. Anxious D _____, dial a number, and then: “It’s me, I’m here. I’ll be there in twenty minutes.” Is this communication? Is this what all these years of technology have brought us to?

In the early days of communication there were letters. When they arrived at your house, you knew they had been delivered by a man E _____.

In those days, people would think very hard before they wrote a letter. You had to have a good reason to write — communication was serious. Now it’s not — people phone each other F ____. Once the phone was a way for people far away from each other to talk — now it’s just an excuse to talk.

  1. has been developed very quickly

  2. not understand why they are doing it for

  3. as Americans call them

  4. riding halfway across the country on a horse

  5. just because they can

  6. can also be used to take and send photos

  7. fingers immediately switch on the mobile phone

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Task 39

Promoting language learning

 The European Union (EU) is committed to supporting the rights of its citizens to personal and professional mobility, and their ability to communicate with each other. It does so by A_____ to promote the teaching and learning of European languages. These programmes have at least one thing in common: they cover cross-border projects involving partners from two, and often three or more, EU countries.

The EU programmes are designed to complement the national education policies of member countries. Each government is responsible for its own national education policy, B_____. What the EU programmes do is to create links between countries and regions via joint projects, C____.

Since 2007 the main programmes have been put under the overall umbrella of the EU’s lifelong learning programme. All languages are eligible for support under this programme: official languages, regional, minority and migrant languages, D____. There are national information centres in each country, E_____.

The cultural programmes of the EU also promote linguistic and cultural diversity in a number of ways. The “Media” programme funds the dubbing and subtitling of European films for F ____. The “Culture” programme builds cross-cultural bridges by supporting the translation of modern authors into other EU languages.

  1. and the languages of the EU’s major trading partners

  2. which includes language teaching and learning

  3. cinemas and television in other EU countries

  4. which enhance the impact of language teaching and learning

  5. funding a number of educational programmes

  6. and encouraging people to learn new languages

  7. where details about the application procedures are given

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Task 40

Starting your own business

What are the reasons for starting your own business? One of them is because you believe you are the best in that line or because you have a product or service that has never been offered to the market before. Another is that you are a person in a real hurry and cannot suffer the A_____ to reach your goals. Sometimes it is because you have an inheritance B_____ soon after you set up a business or that there already is a cash purse with loose strings and you want to make the best of this bonanza.

If your reasons are any or all of the above, abandon the thought right now and save yourself the disillusionment C____ into the world of commerce.

Start your own business just for the sake of doing a trade, or for D____. Do not burden yourself with lofty notions of superiority when compared to your peers. When setting out to start your own business, be emotional about it, but not impractical; don’t be led by your heart, but be dictated by your mind.

Having covered those parts that are not taught in a business school, let us look at E____ your own business. You should start with a SWOT analysis – strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats – analyze these for yourself, for partners in your business, if any, and for the business itself.

If the result of the analysis is encouraging, then prepare a business plan. It is like a road map for actions in the near foreseeable future to achieve your business goals. Finally, execute the business plan with precision; tweak it as you go along, only so that it helps to meet the end goal of successfully F_____ the business.

  1. the essentials of starting

  2. that awaits when you step

  3. trials and tribulations of employment

  4. establishing and conducting

  5. preparing a business plan

  6. waiting to be acquired

  7. undertaking the commercial activity

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Task 41

Archaeology done underwater

 Nautical archaeology is the science of finding, collecting, preserving, and studying human objects that have become lost or buried under water. It is a fairly modern field of study since it depends on having the technology to be able to remain underwater for some time to do real work. Whether it is conducted in freshwater or in the sea, A____, nautical archaeology is another way of learning more about the human past.

Although some use the words nautical archaeology to mean a specialized branch of underwater archaeology, B____, most consider the term to mean the same as the words underwater archaeology or marine

archaeology. All of these interchangeable terms mean simply C_____.

Once real trade began, it is safe to say D_____ was probably transported over water at some point in time. By studying submerged objects, we can learn more about past human cultures. In fact, studying ancient artifacts is the only way to learn anything about human societies E_____. Being able to examine the actual objects made and used by ancient people not only adds to the written records they left behind, but allows us to get much closer to the reality of what life was like when they lived. Also, if we pay close attention to how the objects were made and used, we begin to get a more realistic picture of F_____.

  1. that existed long before the invention of writing

  2. that nearly every object made by humans

  3. what those people were really like

  4. which is concerned only with ships and the history of seafaring

  5. that it is the study of archaeology done underwater

  6. and whether it finds sunken ships or old cities

  7. and what was discovered underwater

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Task 42

Visiting the Royal Parks

 London has a well-deserved reputation as one of the greenest cities in Europe, with a huge number of open spaces across the center of the city. Tourists A_____ can always relax in a lovely, quiet London park.

The Royal Parks, such as St James’s, Green Park, the Regent’s Park, Hyde Park, Richmond, Greenwich, Bushy Park and Kensington Gardens, are beautifully maintained and popular with locals and visitors alike. Many are former hunting estates of English monarchs, preserved as open space B______. They are ideal places to relax and sunbathe in summer, enjoy gorgeous flower beds in spring C_____.

The Royal Parks provide fantastic green routes in London D______ and through some of the most attractive areas of the capital. Picnics in the parks are also a popular activity especially during the busy summer months.

Dogs are welcome in all the Royal Parks, although there are some places E_____. These are clearly indicated within each park and are usually ecologically sensitive sites, children’s play areas, restaurants, cafes and some sports areas. Ground nesting birds are particularly sensitive to disturbance by dogs and people. So it is necessary to observe the warning signs F____. In Bushy Park and Richmond Park dogs should be kept away from the deer.

The Royal Parks are for everyone to enjoy.

  1. that are displayed during the nesting season

  2. while the city has grown up around them

  3. and admire the changing leaves as autumn arrives

  4. where they are not allowed or should be kept on a lead

  5. who are tired of the noise, crowds and excitement of sightseeing

  6. who does not know the route to the place of destination

  7. that take cyclists away from traffic

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Task 43

The Survival of the Welsh Language

 Wales is a small country of just over 3 million people, on the north west seaboard of Europe. Despite many historical incursions of other peoples, particularly the English, it has preserved its ancient Celtic language, A_____. Welsh is habitually spoken by about 10% of the people, half understood by a further 10%, and not spoken at all by the majority in this ‘bilingual’ society.

Up to the First World War most people were Welsh speaking, especially in the mountains of North Wales. The English-speaking areas were along the more fertile coastal plains. On the whole there was an easy tolerance of the two languages, B______.

By 1919 there was a considerable drop in Welsh speakers. This was due to the large flows of capital investment from England into the South Wales coalfield, C_____.

Now, D_____, commerce and everyday business were carried out in English.

In the rural mountain areas 80% to 85% of the population were Welsh speakers, E ____. However, in the coalfield country of Glamorgan 70% spoke English only, and in its neighbour border county the figure was over 90%.

By 1931 the number of people able to speak Welsh in the whole of Wales had fallen to 37% of the population, F ____. It continued to drop and reached its lowest – 18.6% — in the 1990s. But by the start of the 21st century, numbers had begun to increase again and reached 21.7% in 2004!

  1. as well as education and the law

  2. the only one of a number of allied languages that remain

  3. with radio and the English press further speeding the decline

  4. many being able to speak Welsh only

  5. where Welsh was studied as language and literature in an academic manner

  6. apart from the fact that Welsh was not permitted to be used at all in the schools

  7. bringing a flood of immigrant labour from all over Britain

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Task 44

Secrets of Long Life

 There are places in the world where people live longer than anywhere else. The remote Japanese island of Okinawa is one of these places. While the lifespan in Britain is 77 years for men and 81 for women, Okinawa has a population of about one million, of which 900 are centenarians — A_____ in Britain or the USA. So what is their secret of long life?

«The calendar may say they’re 80, but their body says they’re 60,» says Bradley Willcox, a scientist researching the extraordinary phenomenon. The research has shown hormonal differences between Okinawans and B____ but their longevity has been linked to diet. They eat more tofu and soya than any other people in the world and also enjoy a range of different fruit and vegetables, all rich in anti-oxidants. But the most significant thing isn’t what they eat but how much. The Okinawans C_____ known as ‘hara hachi bu’, which translates as ‘eat until you are only 80 % full’.

Scientists refer to this way of eating as ‘caloric restrictions’. No-one knows exactly why it works, but scientists believe it D_____ that there is the danger of famine. This in turn E_____ and so may lead to better preservation and slower aging.

«It’s a stark contrast with the cultural habits that drive food consumption in F____ » says Mr. Willcox. If we look at high streets and supermarkets in most other countries, you will see that he is right. Restaurants offer all-you-can-eat menus and supersize portions. Supermarkets are full of special offers encouraging us to buy more food than we need.

  1. make it a healthy diet

  2. other parts of the world

  3. four times higher than the average

  4. have a cultural tradition

  5. sends a signal to the body

  6. the rest of the population

  7. makes the body protect itself

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Task 45

Beaches of Portugal

 Covering more than 850 km, the Portuguese coast boasts such a large number of fine, white sandy beaches that it is almost impossible to keep count. All bathed by the Atlantic Ocean and all different, their beauty is hard to describe, so there is nothing better A _____.

The most famous are in the Algarve. With three thousand hours of sun per year and warm waters, there are beaches to suit every taste and many dreamlike resorts. The choices are many, from sandy stretches extending as far as the eye can see B ______, the trade image of the region. They are always accompanied by a calm clear sea, C_____.

In Costa da Caparica, the beaches are particularly dear to Lisbonites D _____ for sun and sea bathing. There are deserted beaches here too, of a wild beauty, E ____ nature. In the centre, tourists will find very wide sandy stretches, to which traditional fishing adds a picturesque touch. And further north, the colder waters and the invigorating sea are tempered by the welcoming atmosphere and the clean air of the mountains and the forests.

Despite all their differences, all beaches share one thing – quality. They are safe and offer a wide range of support and recreational services, F ____. And a large number of Portuguese beaches are granted the European blue flag every year, a distinction that is a sign of their excellent conditions.

  1. where one can enjoy close contact with

  2. which meet every need of their users

  3. than to discover them once for oneself

  4. who has never been to this wonderful city

  5. which is ideal for various water sports

  6. to the smaller coves, sheltered by huge cliffs

  7. who have different options around the capital

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Task 46

The Joy of Reading

 Have you ever wondered why people read? Why reading is one of the few things A _____ for thousands of years? Even before reading became available to the general public, stories were told around campfires, passed down from generation to generation.

First of all, stories are a good way to escape from your ordinary life, to get immersed in another world, if only for a little time. While reading, you can imagine yourself in different situations B _____, but in the moment that doesn’t matter. Whether you’re suffering from depression or are just bored, reading is a great distraction.

Similarly, another reason people are attracted to stories, is because they are lonely, very often they feel as if they are the only ones in the world C _____. Identifying with a fictional character can make a big difference in helping a person understand D _____.

Other people read because it can be a good way to relax. It can be very nice to sit down and enjoy a good plot unfold, to watch the actions of fictional characters from the side, and to see the consequences of these actions, E ____.

Lastly, people read because it is the easiest way to gain knowledge in a certain area. Instead of finding a teacher, you can just find a book, sit down, and spend a few hours reading. This way you can study wherever you want, whenever you want F _____.

There are countless books in the world, and whoever you are, whatever you’re feeling, there is definitely a book out there, just waiting for you to discover it.

  1. try to avoid the boredom of life

  2. that has consistently remained part of society

  3. that they are not alone

  4. going through something difficult

  5. without having to bear any responsibility

  6. that range from unlikely to impossible

  7. at your own pace

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Task 47

Peter and Paul Fortress

 The Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, located on small Hare Island, is the historic core of the city. The history of St. Petersburg begins with the history of the fortress.

Since 1700 Russia had been fighting the Northern War against Sweden. By 1703 the lands by the Neva River were conquered. To protect them from the attacks of the Swedes it was necessary to build a strong outpost here. The fortress was founded on Hare Island 16 (27) May, 1703 by joint plan of Peter I and French engineer Joseph-Gaspard Lambert de Guerin. This day is well known A____.

The fortress stretches from west to east with six bastions B____. The Peter’s Gate on the east side, C____, has remained since the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Cathedral, D____ emperors and the monument of Russian baroque, was completed after the death of the emperor, in 1733. The weathervane as a golden angel with a cross, E____, is one of the main symbols of the city. On the opposite side of the cathedral, there is the Mint building, constructed in the time of Paul I by architect A. Porto. Coinage was moved to the fortress F____ in the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Fortress has never directly participated in any fighting. From the very beginning of its existence it was used as a political prison. Since 1924 the Peter and Paul Fortress has been a part of the Museum of the History of St. Petersburg.

  1. as the day of the birth of St. Petersburg

  2. which was designed by D. Trezzini

  3. which was the burial place of Russian

  4. and reminding of the rich history of the city

  5. as the most protected part of the city

  6. which is located on the spire of the cathedral

  7. that are located at the corners

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Task 48

Surviving in a Desert

 A desert is defined as a place that gets less than 250 mm of rain each year. It differs sharply from the climate of a rain forest, A _____.

Arid desert lands cover about one third of the earth’s surface. Most deserts are covered with sand, B _____. There are also usually a lot of rocky areas. This combination of sand and rock means that the soil is not very fertile. C ____, some living things are able to do well in this setting. Many plants have changed and developed in ways D____. These changes have become apparent in a number of ways. Some plants are able to grow very quickly E____. They turn green and produce flowers within just a few days. Other desert plants simply stop growing in very dry weather. They appear to be dead, but when the rain returns, they come back to life and begin growing again.

Desert animals have also developed many characteristics that help them to survive in arid environment. Camels can go for a very long time without drinking. Other animals, such as snakes and rats, find cool places to sleep during the day and come out only at night. The extremely long ears of desert rabbits help them F_____. Changes like these have allowed some animals and plants to grow and develop successfully in a very challenging ecological system: the desert.

There are countless books in the world, and whoever you are, whatever you’re feeling, there is definitely a book out there, just waiting for you to discover it.

  1. which is often in the form of hills called sand dunes

  2. whenever it rains

  3. to find water as far as 25 metres away

  4. which can receive up to 10,000 mm of rain annually

  5. to better distribute their body heat and stay cool

  6. even though the desert environment is very dry and hot

  7. that help them to live in the desert

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Task 49

Nevsky Prospect

 Nevsky Prospect is the main and most famous street of St. Petersburg. The unique architectural ensemble of Nevsky Prospect was formed during the 18th – early 20th centuries. It starts from the bank of the Neva River, runs through the centre of the city and ends at the Neva River. The whole history of St. Petersburg can be seen in the history of the avenue. Nevsky Prospect is 4.5 km long and 25-60 m wide. The narrowest section is located from the Admiralty to the Moika River, A_____.

After the construction of the Admiralty in 1704 and the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in 1710, it was decided to build a road B_____ each other and with the Novgorod Path, which was used by Russian merchants. The construction began on both sides at the same time, the roads were laid through the wood, and in 1760s they were connected into one road, C_____, but with a turn at the Vosstaniya Square. Nevsky Prospect got its name only in 1783. The road was paved with cobble stones, D_____. It was the first street in St. Petersburg with gas lighting. By the early 20th century Nevsky Prospect had become the financial centre of Russia E____ had their offices there.

Nowadays, Nevsky Prospect is the centre of cultural and social life of St. Petersburg. There are museums, theatres, exhibition halls, cinemas, restaurants, cafés, shops F____.

  1. and hotels there or nearby the avenue

  2. showing the original width of the avenue

  3. which was not as straight as it was planned

  4. which were built by famous architects and

  5. connecting these two important structures with

  6. and a few rows of trees were planted along the street

  7. as the 40 largest banks of Russia, Europe and America

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Task 50

Whales in a Noisy Ocean

Whales use sound in very different ways. Some whales produce songs that travel over vast distances. They also use echolocation, like bats, A _____. But other noise in the ocean creates a problem for the whales.

Since 1987, the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) has sent their research vessel Song of the Whale around the world B _____. During the travels, the Song of the Whale scientists have developed expertise C ____ to listen to and record the sounds that the animals make. Thishelps them to track, identify, and survey different species.

One of the threats facing whales and other marine animals is noise pollution in the seas, such as noise from drilling, military activities, oil exploration, and coastal construction. This noise can cause great distress to whales and dolphins and can D _____.

It is feared this noise pollution may cause mass strandings, E _____. If the Song of the Whale team can F ____, then hopefully the nature and location of disturbing noise can be changed.

  1. in using underwater microphones

  2. to locate food and find their way

  3. result in injury and even death

  4. track and identify their habitats

  5. to filter out food from the water

  6. to provide a platform for marine research

  7. when large numbers come ashore

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Task 51

Unique nature of Kamchatka

Kamchatka is a peninsula located in the north-eastern part of Russia. It is surrounded with the Okhotskoye Sea, the Beringovo Sea and the Pacific Ocean. This region has a very unique environment A_____ one is looking for picturesque views, unforgettable travels and unity with nature.

Kamchatka is famous for its volcanoes, B_____. Volcanoes are represented on Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, the most eastern city in the northern hemisphere, coat of arms as well. There are more than 300 volcanoes

in Kamchatka, from 28 up to 36 of them are active, or potentially active. Kamchatka volcanoes are included in the list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

The region is also known C____ — rivers and lakes. Many Kamchatka rivers spring from mountain tops and glaciers, that is why they are very clean, and it is wonderful for those D_____. In general, there are up to 14 thousand rivers and streams, 100 thousand lakes and 414 glaciers in Kamchatka.

Kamchatka is a home to the Valley of Geysers, E_____ geysers in the world, after Icelandic geyser fields. It is not easily accessible, as long as it is too unique to be opened for tourists all the time. The Valley of Geysers’ ecosystem is very vulnerable, F_____ and regulate the visiting. In fact, the larger part of Kamchatka is preserved. There are many nature reserves and nature parks in Kamchatka.

  1. which are depicted on most souvenirs there

  2. so it is necessary to monitor it all the time

  3. who love fishing, including Kamchatka bears

  4. which has the second largest concentration of

  5. to be a place of many water sources

  6. to be a popular nature reserve and health resort

  7. that makes it a place to visit when

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Task 52

The life of Pi

 «The Life of Pi» published in 2001 is the third book by the Canadian author Yann Martel. It has A_____, won several prizes and been translated into forty-one languages.

At the start of the book, we B____ in India. His father owns the city zoo and the family home is in the zoo. When they aren’t at school, Pi and his brother help their father at the zoo and he learns a lot about animals.

When Pi is sixteen, his parents decide to close the zoo and move to Canada. They travel by ship taking the animals with them. On the way, there is C_____. Sadly, Pi’s family and the sailors all die in the storm, but Pi lives and finds himself in a lifeboat with a hyena, zebra, orangutan and an enormous tiger. At first, Pi is scared of the animals and jumps into the ocean. Then he remembers there are sharks in the water and decides to climb back into the lifeboat. One by one, the animals in the lifeboat kill and eat each other, till only Pi and the tiger are left alive. Luckily for Pi, there is D_____, but he soon needs to start catching fish. He feeds the tiger to stop it killing and eating him. He also uses a whistle and E_____ and show it that he’s the boss.

Pi and the tiger spend 227 days in the lifeboat. They live through terrible storms and the burning heat of the Pacific sun. They are often hungry and ill. Finally, they arrive at the coast of Mexico, but you will have to F_____ in the end!

  1. read the book to find out what happens

  2. some food and water on the lifeboat

  3. his knowledge of animals to control the tiger

  4. received an award for being strong

  5. sold seven million copies worldwide

  6. learn about Pi’s childhood in Pondicherry

  7. a terrible storm and the ship sinks

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Task 53

Santa Claus

The man we know as Santa Claus has a history all to his own. Today, he is thought of mainly as the jolly man in red, but his story A_____ the 3rd century to a monk named St. Nicholas. It is believed that Nicholas was born sometime around 280 AD in modern-day Turkey. Much admired for his kindness, St. Nicholas B_____. It is said that he gave away all of his inherited wealth and traveled the countryside helping the poor and sick. Over the course of many years, Nicholas’s popularity spread and he became known as the protector of children and sailors. His feast day C_____ his death, December 6. This was traditionally considered a lucky day to make large purchases or to get married. By the Renaissance, St. Nicholas was the most popular saint in Europe.

St. Nicholas first D______ at the end of the 18th century. The name Santa Claus evolved from a Dutch shortened form of Sint Nikolaas. As his popularity grew, Sinter Klaas was described as everything from a jocker with a blue three-cornered hat, red waistcoat, and yellow stockings to a man wearing a broad-brimmed hat and a huge pair of Flemish trousers.

In the 19th centuries big stores E_____ using images of the newly-popular Santa Claus. In 1841, thousands of children visited a Philadelphia shop to see a life-size Santa Claus model. It F_____ before stores began to attract children, and their parents, with the lure of a peek at the “real-life” Santa Claus with his famous white beard and red gown.

  1. began to advertise Christmas shopping

  2. became the subject of many legends

  3. began dressing up unemployed men in

  4. is celebrated on the anniversary of

  5. was only a matter of time

  6. stretches all the way back to

  7. appeared in American popular culture

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Task 54

Welcome to the Smithsonian

When you visit any of the Smithsonian’s 19 museums and galleries or the National zoo, you are entering the largest museum complex in the world. This complex holds about 137 million unique objects in its trust for the American people.

The Smithsonian was established in 1846 with funds given to the United States by James Smithson, an English scientist. The main idea was to increase and spread knowledge for free. And now all Smithsonian institutions are still devoted to public education, A__________ history.

Ten Smithsonian museums and galleries are located in the centre of the U.S. capital. Six other museums and the National zoo are nearby in the Washington metropolitan area, B__________.

The 19th and the newest museum C__________ is the National Museum of African American history and culture. It is now operating in the form of a virtual museum. Its key feature is the memory book, D__________. These diverse memories are linked to each other and to the museum content, E__________.

The Smithsonian complex is home to the world’s foremost research centres in science, the arts and the humanities. Besides the basic research F__________, there are a number of special facilities. Conservation centre at the zoo studies rare and endangered species, environment centre carries out research in ecosystems in the coastal area.

  1. that is carried on regularly in each of the museums

  2. providing different materials in the arts, science and

  3. placing a spotlight on people and events in African American history

  4. that has been established within the Smithsonian complex

  5. which allows website visitors to upload their own stories or images

  6. and visitors can enjoy watching rare exhibits on

  7. and two museums are situated in New York City

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Task 55

National Gallery of Art

 The National Gallery of Art was created in Washington D.C. for the people of the United States in 1937. It started with the gift of the financier and art collector A__________. His gift also included a building to house the new museum, to be constructed on the National Mall. Opened to the public in 1941, this grand building, B__________, was at the time the largest marble structure in the world.

The newly created National Gallery soon attracted similar gifts from hundreds of other collectors. This tradition of generosity continues to this day with gifts from private donors and artists C__________.

The gallery’s East building contains the collection of modern and contemporary painting, sculpture, D__________. The East and West buildings are connected by an underground tunnel with a moving walkway.

The National Gallery enjoys federal support, E__________, to fulfill its mission to exhibit and interpret great works of European and American art in the nation’s collection. Since its founding, federal funds have fostered the protection and care of the art collection and have supported the gallery’s work, ensuring F__________. Private funding helped to create a renowned collection of works of art and to construct the two landmark buildings. Private support makes possible to arrange a changing programme of special exhibitions.

  1. which is now called the West building

  2. that the gallery brings daily profit to the country

  3. who are willing to share their possessions with the public

  4. who presented old master paintings and sculptures to the country

  5. as well as partnership with private organizations

  6. that the gallery is open daily and free of charge

  7. as well as an advanced research centre and an art library

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Task 56

Healthy school meals

Children at Southdown Infants School in Bath enjoy tasty homemade meals such as roast turkey with fresh vegetables, chicken, salad and fresh fruit for pudding. Vegetables are A ____________. Instead of crisps, chocolate and sweets, the school canteen serves organic carrots, dried fruit and fresh seasonal fruit in bags for 10p, B ______________.

Southdown’s healthy eating initiative began four years ago with the start of a breakfast club.

Now Ms Culley, the head teacher of the school, says that the teachers very clearly see the link between diet and concentration. “Children’s concentration and behaviour C ______________.” The teachers would also like to give the children the experience of eating together. It turned out that some children weren’t used to that.

Pupils are also encouraged to find out more about where their food comes from by  D ______________.

Parents are also involved and are invited in to try school dinners on special occasions, E _______________.

The efforts of staff, pupils and parents to create a healthy eating environment were recognized earlier this month F ______________ the Best School Dinner award.

Ms Culley said: “We are happy to win this award. Healthy eating is at the centre of everything we do. It’s really rewarding to see so many children enjoy real food.”

  1. such as Easter and Christmas

  2. visiting a local farm

  3. local, fresh and organic where possible

  4. provide good quality food

  5. definitely improve after a good meal

  6. and about 100 bags are sold each day

  7. when the school was awarded

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Task 57

Walking is not enough to keep fit

Walking may not be enough on its own to produce significant health benefits, research suggests. A team from Canada’s University of Alberta compared a 10,000-step exercise programme with a more traditional fitness regime of moderate intensity. Researchers found improvements A _______ were significantly higher in the second group. They told an American College of Sports Medicine meeting that gentle exercise was B __________. In total 128 people took C _________. The researchers assessed influence on fitness by measuring blood pressure and lung capacity. They found out the 10,000-step programme did help to get people motivated – and was an excellent way to start D _________. But to increase the effectiveness, some intensity must be added to their exercise. “Across your day, while you are achieving those 10,000 steps, take 200 to 400 of them at a faster pace. You’ve got to do more than light exercise and include regular moderate activity, and don’t be shy to have an occasional period of time at an energetic level.” The researchers were concerned there was too much focus E __________, rather than on its intensity.

Professor Stuart Biddle, an expert in exercise science at the University of Loughborough, said it was possible that the current guidelines on how much exercise to take were set too low. “However, you have got to find F ____. The harder you make it, the fewer people will actually do it.” Professor Biddle said there was no doubt that energetic exercise was the way to get fit, but volume rather than intensity might be more useful in tackling issues such as obesity.

  1. part in the project

  2. taking exercise

  3. gave marked health benefits

  4. in fitness levels

  5. on simply getting people to take exercise

  6. not enough to get fit

  7. a compromise between physiology and psychology

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Task 58

Double-decker Bus

A double-decker bus is a bus that has two levels. While double-decker long-distance buses are in widespread use around the world, A ____. Double-decker buses are popular in some European cities and in some parts of Asia, usually in former British colonies. Many towns around the world have a few that specialize in short sight-seeing tours for tourists because, as William Gladstone observed, «the way to see London is from the top of a ‘bus'».

Double-decker buses are taller than other buses. They are extensively used in the United Kingdom, B _____, removed from normal service in December 2005 — they still operate on heritage routes. Elsewhere in Europe, double-deckers are used throughout the Dublin Bus network in Ireland, where they are making a comeback on Dublin’s outer suburban routes and also the streets of Cork, Limerick, Galway and Waterford. They are a common sight in Berlin, where the BVG makes extensive use of them. Double-decker long-distance coaches are also in widespread use throughout Europe.

Most buses in Hong Kong and about half in Singapore are double-deckers as well. The only areas in North America that C _____ are the western Canadian province of British Columbia and the United States city of Las Vegas. They are currently being tested in Ottawa on the express routes. The city of Davis, California, in the United States uses vintage double-decker buses for public transport. Davis, California is also home to the first vintage double-decker bus converted from diesel gasoline to run on CNG. The city of Victoria, BC, the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, and a couple of others use Dennis Tridents. A few are also used as tour buses, especially in New York. Double-deckers are have also been used in Mumbai since 1937.

In Brazil, D _____, some companies use double-decker buses. Double-deckers are not a good option for use outside the towns (most roads in Brazil are in very poor condition), and E _____.

Double-decker buses are in widespread use in India in many of the major cities. Some double-decker buses F _____, with no roof and shallow sides. These are popular for sightseeing tours.

  1. double-deckers are adored by thousands of tourists

  2. use double-decker buses for public transport

  3. double-decker city buses are less common

  4. where perhaps the most famous was the London Routemaster

  5. their use is being discouraged by transportation authorities

  6. have an open upper deck

  7. where buses are sometimes the only interstate transport

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Task 59

Natural Links In a Long Chain of Being

I believe we are not alone.

Even if I am on the other side of the world from the farmhouse I live in, I still dream of the ancient vines out the window, and the shed out back that my grandfather’s father built in 1870 with eucalyptus trunks. As long as I can recreate these images, A ____

All of us need some grounding in our modern world of constant moving, buying, selling, meeting and leaving. Some find constancy in religion, others in friends or community. But we need some daily signposts that we are not different, not better, B ____

For me, this house, farm, these ancient vines are those roots. Although I came into this world alone and will leave alone, I am not alone. 

There are ghosts of dozens of conversations in the hallways, stories I remember about buying new plows that now rust in the barnyard and ruined crops from the same vines C ____

All of us are natural links in a long chain of being, and that I need to know what time of day it is, what season is coming, whether the wind is blowing north or from the east, and if the moon is still full tomorrow night, D _____

The physical world around us constantly changes, E _____. We must struggle in our brief existence to find some transcendent meaning and so find relief in the knowledge F _____.

You may find that too boring, living with the past as present. I find it refreshing. There is an old answer to every new problem, that wise whispers of the past are with us. If we just listen and remember, we are not alone; we have been here before.

  1. I never quite leave home

  2. but human nature does not

  3. that we are now harvesting

  4. but we as well as our heart did not

  5. not worse than those who came before us

  6. just as the farmers who came before me did

  7. that our ancestors have gone through this before

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Task 60

The Show Begins

My Uncle Jim took me to all the Broadway shows in New York City, and I was star struck! Actually he wasn’t my real uncle – that’s just what we called him. He was a close friend of my parents. He was a bit stocky with red hair, A _________.

I remember the theaters on Broadway, B __________. The curtains were made of this real heavy, dark red material. There were huge chandelier lights hanging from the ceiling. The walls were dark, paneled wood. The seats were red and cushy C __________.

The orchestra sat at the base of the stage in a pit. I usually went down to the front to see the musicians D __________. They were all crammed into such a tiny space. I played the flute myself and my dad kept encouraging me that if I kept it up, E ___________. But truly, I didn’t want to be tucked away down there. I wanted to be on top, front and center.

Most people dressed rather finely, and certain fragrances took center stage as various women passed by. The sounds of the audience F __________ at their seats were clearly heard while last minute patrons filled in. There was electricity in the air and then the lights would go down and up, and you knew it was time for the show to get started. The lights dimmed. The music began. And you were swept up into a whole new world. I loved it!

  1. I could be playing down there someday

  2. and set real close together

  3. which were so old and posh

  4. and he had a beard and moustache

  5. I wasn’t that good at music

  6. getting ready and warming up

  7. laughing and chattering away

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Task 61

Scouting moves ahead

The Scout Movement, which is also known as the Boy Scouts has changed massively in more than 100 years, though many people do not realise this.

For many people in Britain the word “scouting” evokes images of boys in short trousers A__________. Many people imagine that the Scout Association and its female counterpart the Guides Association are old-fashioned. They think these associations are for people B__________ than the future, people who just like camping in the rain and washing in cold water.

It’s quite easy to understand why Scouts and Guides have this sort of image. The “Boy Scouts” were founded over 100 years ago by Robert Baden-Powell, a retired English army general; the “Girl Guides” followed three years later. They were organised in an almost military manner. Young people had to learn discipline and how to do things as a group. They C__________ in difficult conditions, learnt to make campfires and, yes, they certainly had to get used to washing in cold water. In those days though, that D__________ many people washed in cold water.

Nevertheless, even at the start, there was much more to scouting than that. Scouts and Guides also learned the value of solidarity. Right from the start, they had to cope with difficult situations, E__________, and play a useful part in society. Baden-Powell’s organisations were inclusive, and never exclusive; any young person could become a Scout or a Guide, regardless of race, background or religion.

Though the Scout and Guide movements began in England, they soon spread to other countries, and within 50 years, scouting F__________ with young people all over the world.

  1. who are more interested in the past

  2. and girls in blue uniforms

  3. that were generally better

  4. was not particularly unusual as

  5. went on camping expeditions

  6. interact with other people

  7. had become a popular activity

Ответ

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Task 62

Skip the sun, get a glow the healthy way

Everyone at some point has wanted a “healthy glow,” whether it’s a must-have for summer, or a vacation, the thought of tan skin has crossed the minds of millions. If you are pale, it A__________. There is wild excitement when after a day in the sun your skin is tan, not burnt. Surely everyone is familiar with the famous conversation upon the realization that you got fried at the beach. Your friends reassure you with “Don’t worry it B__________.” It may all seem like fun and games at the time, but alarming new research C__________.

Some tan-seekers do it the old-fashioned way, grab a towel and hit the pool or beach. Recently, millions of young girls D__________ instead. Regardless of how the tan is achieved, any change in skin coloring is evidence of skin cell damage. This can lead to cancer. According to the Skin Cancer Foundation, melanoma, or skin cancer, among people aged 18 to 39 has risen dramatically. In the United States the number of skin cancer cases due to tanning, is higher than the number of lung cancer cases due to smoking.

While it is true that being outside and active is great for your body and the sun does provide vitamin D, everyone’s health still needs protecting. However, it’s E__________, limit time spent in direct sunlight, between the hours of 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., and wear sunscreen at all times. A fashionable option is the sun hat: both elegant and fun. Big floppy hats may seem ridiculous at first, but F__________.

Another advice is to look into sunless tanners: They are cheap and in no way endanger the lives of users. So, fake it, don’t bake it!

  1. takes a lot of time and effort to tan

  2. have been turning to tanning beds

  3. they are actually quite classy accessories

  4. better to avoid indoor tanning

  5. have inspired people to get their skin checked

  6. will eventually turn into a tan

  7. has taken the healthy out of healthy glow

Ответ

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Task 63

Grant-making agency

The National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) is an independent grant-making agency of the United States government. Established in 1965, it is one of the largest sources of grant funds for humanities projects and programs in the U.S. NEH promotes knowledge of the history, thought, and culture, not only of the United States, A__________.

NEH grants facilitate research and original scholarship, strengthen teaching and learning in the humanities in American schools and colleges, give opportunities for citizens to engage in lifelong learning, B__________.

The Endowment is directed by a chairman, C__________ and confirmed by the U.S. Senate for a term of four years. Advising the chairman is the National Council on the Humanities, a board of 26 distinguished private citizens D__________ with the advice of the Senate. The National Council members serve six-year terms.

NEH grants are typically awarded to U.S. cultural institutions, such as museums, archives, libraries, colleges, universities, and public television and radio stations, E__________. Eligibility is limited to U.S. non-profit institutions and to U.S. citizens and foreigners F__________ prior to the time of application. Grants are awarded through a competitive process. The chairman takes into account the advice provided by the review process and, by law, makes all funding decisions.

  1. who is appointed by the president

  2. but of other countries of the world

  3. but in every aspect of social sciences

  4. who are also appointed by the president

  5. who have been living in the U.S. for three years

  6. as well as to individual scholars of the humanities

  7. as well as provide access to cultural and educational resources

Ответ

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Task 64

The Bonfire Night

The 5th of November has always had a very special place in my heart. More important than New Year’s Eve, but probably less important than the Olympics ceremonies, the 5th of November every year is A __________ all over the country to go wild!

The night of the 5th is often cold and damp and parents wrap up their children in layers of jumpers, coats, hats, scarves and gloves. They fuss over the littlest B __________ aren’t scared. They comfort their pets and give them a safe place to curl up inside, away from the cacophony about to start outside.

Outside the bonfire is C __________ up your nose. If you’re lucky, there might be some pumpkin soup left over from Halloween to warm you up, because in spite of all the layers and the excitement, you’ll still need warming up until the bonfire gets going!

When it’s absolutely dark and the bonfire is blazing, the children and parents huddle together in groups, staring up at the sky. What are they waiting for? The screech of the first firework deafens them all and D __________. The “oohs” and “aaahs” of the crowd keep perfect time with the “kabooms” of the rockets. With every firework that lights up the sky, parents watch the delight grow on their children’s faces and sigh with relief.

After the grand finale, they make their way home with the noises still echoing in their ears. An extra special treat E __________! Waving them through the chilly air, spelling out names and drawing pictures, even the oldest members of the family remember how to be kids!

This is what the 5th of November means to me. Every year, it F __________ such bright and colourful fireworks and heard such loud bangs. I really hope I never grow out of it!

  1. differences in traditions

  2. children and hope that they

  3. the day for fireworks lovers

  4. the explosion lights up the sky

  5. feels like the first time I’ve seen

  6. waits at home though: sparklers

  7. lit and the smell of smoke creeps

Ответ

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Task 65

Earth-sheltered homes

Earth-sheltered or simply underground homes are one of those creations by man, which brings him closer to nature. Unlike the normal traditional houses that A __________, these earth-sheltered homes are built using the shelter of the ground. Earth-sheltered homes can be easily made in hilly areas.

The basic idea behind the construction of such a house is that they are built with the idea of B ________ and each of these homes is built entirely different from each other.

The construction of these homes is usually done according to the shape of the area where the house is built. Their designs C ________ to the nature. The early earth houses which were initially built lacked windows. Modern day earth-sheltered homes though have windows as well as any other facility that the people living there might require.

Some of the major benefits of earth-sheltered homes are that they are naturally insulating. This makes them cool in the summer and cozy and warm in the winter. Another advantage D __________ and are well protected from earthquakes as well as wind-storms. Many earth-sheltered homes are also defended against intruders since there is usually only one entry.

As everything has its pros and cons, earth-sheltered homes also do. The interior decoration of these homes, like placing the furniture or huge paintings, E __________. These homes also have dark spaces inside and for this reason, lots of lighting is essential.

Earth-sheltered homes are one of the greenest housing designs that combines Mother Nature with eco-friendly F __________.

  1. are built on the ground

  2. are usually very organic

  3. is being built facing south

  4. being environmentally friendly

  5. building materials and lifestyle

  6. is that these homes are safe from fire

  7. can be difficult due to the construction

Ответ

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Task 66

Australia

Australia is one of the world’s most ethnically diverse nations. Nearly a quarter of the people who live in Australia A __________. They come from the United Kingdom and other European countries, but also from China, Vietnam, North Africa, and the Middle East.

First people arrived in Australia about 50,000 years ago. They B __________ land bridges when sea levels were lower. The next to land in Australia were Dutch explorers. They came in 1606. In 1788 the British began to settle there. Many settlers C __________ as punishment. For a short time, the newcomers lived peacefully with the Aboriginal people.

In 1851, gold was discovered in Australia. A rush to find riches brought D __________ 1859, six separate colonies were created which later became part of the British Commonwealth.

Australian culture is founded on stories of battlers, bushrangers and brave soldiers. Today E __________ its Aboriginal heritage, vibrant mix of cultures, innovative ideas and a thriving ecosystem.

Australia’s ecosystem is an unusual one because of its remote location. As a result, there are F __________ and nowhere else in the world, such as kangaroo and koala.

One of Australia’s most amazing sites rises like an enormous whale’s back from a flat desert called the Red Center. It is a sacred natural formation at the heart of the country and the largest rock in the world!

  1. Australia is one of the most

  2. were born in other countries

  3. Australia also defines itself by

  4. many animal species that occur here

  5. may have travelled from Asia across

  6. thousands of new immigrants, and by

  7. were criminals sent to live in Australia

Ответ

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Task 67

Living nature in Madeira

Right in the middle of the Atlantic, the islands of Madeira and Porto Santo are a haven of natural beauty. The exotic colours of the flowers stand out from among the blue sea and the emerald green vegetation. This is an archipelago where the big territory is a protected area and A __________ is located.

The Madeira Natural Park was created in 1982 to preserve this vast natural heritage, a worldwide rarity. The park is classified as a Biogenetic Reserve, B __________, with some rare species such as the mountain orchid, unique in the world, and also some exotic large trees. To visit this park is to discover Nature! The park covers about two-thirds of the island, making Madeira a truly ecological destination.

The springtime temperature, C __________, cries out for open air activities. Visitors can go for a walk in the park, visit the city of Funchal or roam freely around the island. Boat rides are an excellent way of D __________. In such a naturally welcoming environment, balance and well-being are taken for granted. Madeira offers various tourist complexes E __________.

Popular feasts, F __________, are opportunities to appreciate traditional gastronomic flavours and see Madeira partying, especially for the Carnival parades, the Flower festival, the Atlantic festival and, above all, the end-of-year fireworks display.

  1. which is felt all year round

  2. which take place in Madeira all year round

  3. where the largest laurel forest in the world

  4. admiring the coastline from a different perspective

  5. where one can find a unique range of flora and fauna

  6. choosing this holiday destination for its natural beauty

  7. that have prime conditions for boating and scuba diving

Ответ

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Task 68

Wild animals in cities

Have you ever seen bears in Vancouver parks, leopards on the streets of Mumbai or wild pigs in gardens in Berlin? Recently, there A __________ on TV about big animals coming into towns and cities. What happens when wild animals come into our cities? Is it dangerous for us and the animals?

Wild animals usually come into cities to look for food. In Cape Town, South Africa, baboons sometimes come into the suburbs. They eat fruit from gardens and go into people’s kitchens and take food from cupboards and fridges! Baboons are B __________ children and fight with pet dogs. Many people do not like them, but the city can be dangerous for baboons too. Sometimes, baboons are C __________ human food can be very bad for their teeth. The city council in Cape Town has a team of Baboon Monitors whose job is to find baboons D ___________ to the countryside. This makes the city safer for people and is healthier for the baboons. However, the main problem is that a lot of baboons will come back to the city to find food again.

In Berlin, Germany, groups of wild pigs have come into the city for hundreds of years, but now the winters are warmer, there are even more pigs than in the past. Pigs eat flowers and plants and dig in gardens and parks in the city. They also E __________ accidents. Some city residents like the pigs and give them food. But the city council is worried about the traffic accidents, so they F __________ have put up fences to stop the pigs coming into the city.

  1. cause lots of problems

  2. in the city and take them back

  3. walk in the street and cause traffic

  4. hurt in car accidents and the sugar in

  5. strong animals and sometimes they scare

  6. have been many reports in newspapers and

  7. have told people to stop giving the pigs food and

Ответ

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Task 69

Europe’s best hidden gems

There are incredible destinations in Europe known worldwide, such as Amsterdam and its canals, London and its museums, its shopping and atmosphere, or Paris, the City of Light. Europe also has thousands of hidden treasures. There is a wide selection of the finest unknown destinations in Europe, from Lugano in Switzerland  A __________.

Lugano is an international city, the crossroads and melting pot of European culture. It constitutes one of the most interesting regions to be discovered. Lugano is not only Switzerland’s third most important financial centre,  B __________ old buildings.

The area of Cinque Terre in Italy represents one of the best preserved natural sights of the Mediterranean. Human activity has contributed to creating a unique landscape in which the development of typical stone walls is so extensive C __________. All this, D __________, makes the Cinque Terre an increasingly popular location among Italian and foreign tourists.

Sintra is a jewel set between the mountains and the sea, waiting to be discovered by tourists E __________, luxuriant nature and cosmopolitan cultural offer. Sintra has a wonderful charm that left a deep impression on the soul and work of the writers F __________. Sintra is truly the capital of Romanticism. It is a place to be experienced by everyone!

  1. but showed evidence of an early human housing

  2. to Cinque Terre in Italy and Sintra in Portugal

  3. as to equal that of the famous Great Wall of China

  4. but also a town of parks and flowers, villas and

  5. who want to be lost in its majestic historical heritage

  6. combined with the beauty of a crystal clear sea

  7. who pioneered the Romantic spirit in the eighteenth century

Ответ

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Task 70

Beautiful cities of Italy

The political and cultural centre of Italy is the ‘Eternal City’, Rome. Ever since the Roman Empire, as its capital, Rome has become famous as a centre of European culture. The most striking sights of Rome are, of course, the Colosseum and the Forum. Once the Colosseum was able to receive about 50 thousand spectators, A __________ and concert halls. The Pantheon, the old temple of all gods, B __________, is also located in Rome.

The second most important town in Italy is Milan. Milan is the capital of fashion and C __________, exhibitions and conferences. The main attraction of Milan is its Cathedral Square, where the monument to the King Victor Emmanuel II is installed. Theatre fans will not be left disappointed by visiting the Theatre of La Scala.

The most popular city among tourists is Venice. The city is unique because it has more than 120 islands, D __________ and 400 bridges. Venice has been known for more than fifteen hundred years, and for E __________. The main area of the city is Saint Mark’s Square with the Cathedral of San Marco. One of the most beautiful buildings in Venice is the Palace of Doges. The other famous attraction is the Grand Canal F______.

In addition to this, there are such beautiful cities in Italy as Naples, Turin, Florence, Genoa, Pisa and the islands of Sardinia and Sicily. All of them are outstanding places to visit.

  1. that is the largest in Venice

  2. which was built in the early I century

  3. that everyone is dreaming about this trip

  4. which is comparable with modern stadiums

  5. which are сonnected by more than 150 canals

  6. the venue for major international festivals

  7. that time it produced a lot of attractions

Ответ

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Task 71

City of fountains

 Peterhof is a monument of world architecture and palace and park art. Peterhof includes a palace and park ensemble of the 18-19th centuries, A__________. Peterhof is a city of fountains as it contains 173 fountains and 4 cascades B__________. Each year up to 3 million people come here to enjoy the splendour of numerous fountains and the unique parks of Peterhof.

The name Peterhof was first mentioned in 1705. It was a coastal manor, close to which the construction of a grand country residence began. The original plan belonged to Peter the Great. After the brilliant victory of Russian troops over the Swedes, security of St. Petersburg both from the land C__________. Since that time, the construction of the Peterhof residence grew immensely in scope.

According to the plan of Peter the Great, on the one hand, Peterhof was meant to be equal in splendour with the most famous royal residences in Europe, D__________ to access the Baltic Sea. Both were successfully done. The Great Palace was built on a natural hill here, E__________. Following the plan of Peter the Great, F__________, the Grand Cascade with the famous Samson fountain was constructed. This is still one of the most spectacular fountains in the world. In 1990 the palaces and parks of Peterhof were included in the list of the world heritage of UNESCO.

  1. and from the sea has been firmly ensured

  2. which is a former royal countryside residence

  3. who designs many royal residences in Europe

  4. and then rebuilt in the baroque style in the 18th century

  5. who wanted to decorate the main entrance with waterfalls

  6. that are located in the park on the coast of the Gulf of Finland

  7. and on the other hand, to become a monument of Russia’s struggle

Ответ

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Task 72

Sights of Sochi

 Sochi is unique among other Russian cities because it has many aspects of a subtropical resort. Apart from the scenic Caucasus Mountains, pebble and sand beaches, the city attracts tourists with its vegetation, numerous parks, monuments, and extravagant architecture. About two million people visit Greater Sochi each summer, A__________. The famous Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, B__________, lies just north from the city.

Popularity of Sochi among tourists is largely explained by the beauty of its surroundings. Walking along the river Agura, everyone will admire the nature around, C__________, and amazing waterfalls. From the bridge over the Agura opens a magnificent view to the lowest Agura waterfall. In the shady Agura gorge tourists will feel the gentle coolness, D__________.

Akhun Mountain the biggest in the region has a beautiful tower on the top. The height of the tower is more than 30 metres, E__________ are stunning. The observation platform on the top of the tower gives a chance to take superb pictures of the city. Every year thousands of people visit this stone tower, F__________ the perfect view of the Black Sea coast and the Caucasus Mountains. It is a truly unforgettable experience. Tourists will enjoy visiting all the sights and the resort itself, full of exotic green and the boundless blue of the Black Sea. 

  1. and the views that open from it

  2. which is built on the top to give visitors

  3. when the subtropical resort is almost empty

  4. which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

  5. enjoying the sound of birds singing and waterfalls gurgling

  6. when the city is home to the annual film festival “Kinotavr”

  7. including high cliffs, exotic vegetation, breathtaking canyons

Ответ

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Task 73

Saint Petersburg

 A city of palaces and museums, broad avenues and narrow canals, St. Petersburg’s short history is rich in architectural and artistic treasures. Alongside world-famous attractions such as the Hermitage and St. Isaac’s Cathedral, the city has a lot of equally interesting buildings A__________. St. Petersburg is considered to be Russia’s cultural capital. It reflects the country’s extraordinary fate like no other city.

St. Petersburg is a relatively young city, by both Russian and European standards, as B__________. Despite its short life, the city has a rich history. From the early days of Peter the Great to modern times, the city has always bustled with life and intrigue.

Lying across the delta of the Neva River, St. Petersburg, the Venice of the North, is a city C__________, some of which are well-known for their unique history. Bridges are an essential part of the city’s architectural make-up. Among the city’s over 500 bridges, there are numerous technological masterpieces. The centre of the city offers vast areas of green space, D__________.

St. Petersburg is a beautiful and fascinating holiday destination and one E__________. Whether to visit the city in a romantic and snowy Russian winter F__________, visitors will be spellbound by 
St. Petersburg’s culture and beauty. 

  1. that is built on hundreds of islands

  2. or during the dazzling white nights in summer

  3. it was only founded in 1703 by Tsar Peter the Great

  4. or considering a variety of the trip accommodation offers

  5. that reveal the mysterious and tragic genius of St. Petersburg

  6. of the most intriguing and historically significant cities in Europe

  7. including beautiful historic gardens and extensive leisure parks

Ответ

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Task 74

State Hermitage Museum

 The Hermitage is St. Petersburg’s most popular visitor attraction, and one of the world’s largest and most prestigious museums. It is a must-see for all first-time travellers to the city. With over 3 million items in its collection, it also rewards repeat visits, A__________ of the riches on offer here, from Impressionist masterpieces to fascinating Oriental treasures. It was estimated B__________ on display for just one minute. So many visitors prefer a guided tour to ensure C__________ highlights. Art-lovers, however, may find it more rewarding to seek out for themselves the works D__________.

The bulk of the Hermitage collection is housed in the Winter Palace, E__________. However, there are a number of other sites that constitute part of the Hermitage, including the recently opened Storage Facility in the north of St. Petersburg. It offers guided tours through some of the museum’s vast stocks. The magnificent General Staff Building opposite the Winter Palace is most famous for its central triumphal arch, F__________ Nevsky Prospekt. The General Staff Building contains a number of unique exhibitions. It includes the Modern European Art, probably the most visited section of the Hermitage with well-known collections of Picasso and Matisse, as well as a wealth of popular Impressionist paintings. 

  1. that they are particularly interested in

  2. that they have time to catch all the collection’s

  3. and new-comers can only hope to get a brief taste

  4. which brings pedestrians out on to Palace Square from

  5. that one would need eleven years to view each exhibit

  6. which was the official residence of the Russian emperors

  7. and the exhibition was often visited by military historians

Ответ

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Task 75

Letniy Sad

 Letniy Sad (The Summer Garden) is a park ensemble, a monument of landscape art of the 18th century. Letniy Sad is the oldest park in St. Petersburg. The park was founded by Peter I in 1704. The Tsar dreamed of his own Versailles and drew its original plan himself. He planned to create a regular, architectural park with accurate layout and straight paths. Prominent architects and gardeners took part in its creation. The park was supposed to become a place of relaxation, A__________.

Letniy Sad is surrounded by water. Natural boundary of the park from the north and east are the Neva and Fontanka Rivers, B__________.

Peter I brought sculptures from Italy for the park and was very proud of them. In the 18th century there were more than two hundred sculptures, C__________, or moved to suburban royal residences and the Hermitage. Now Letniy Sad is decorated with 90 sculptures – copies made of artificial marble.

In May, 2012 Letniy Sad was opened after reconstruction. The reconstruction work had been going on for about three years, D__________ Letniy Sad as it was in the 18th century. Among the new items in Letniy Sad, there is the Archaeological Museum, E__________ during the restoration of the park. Visitors can take a tour of the park F__________ on Sundays. 

  1. and restorers have done everything possible to keep

  2. combining the features of urban and suburban estates

  3. which are planned to be the centre of scientific research

  4. which contains interesting objects found by archaeologists

  5. but later many of them were either destroyed in the flood

  6. and enjoy the exhibitions and performances of a brass band

  7. and from the south and west – the Moika River and the Lebyazhiy Canal

Ответ

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55

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