Tours that emphasize adventure егэ ответы - Помощь в подготовке к экзаменам и поступлению

Adventure-romania занимает #2,251,169 позицию в России. «Unique guided tours that take you through Romania — a land of history, tradition and breathtaking la.»

YOLO- GET SOME ADVENTURE

You are now viewing tours that are based on the tag ‘Adventure’. These tours generally are for the more active tourist and might include expending energy. However you might consider a tour that has some moderate walking as Adventure too. So it may be worth you having a look at Antigua’s adventurous side!

Tropical Adventures Excellence Circumnavigation Tour

Get to see the main attractions of Antigua from the sea in comfort and style aboard the motorized 80ft catamaran the excellence. Explore such sights as Devils Bridge and Jumby Island and settle on Green Island for snorkling in the ideal conditions.
Sport Fishing Tour in Antigua

We have two providers that we work with in Antigua. We bundle up transport for your party and get you fishing! This is a charter where you book out the boat for your party.

Mystic Amara Fishing on the Mystic Amara and Pacific Marlin

Go Obsessive on Obsession! Sea fishing with Derek Biel on his greatly equipped fishing boat the Obsession. Derek has a long list of achievements in Sport Fishing and tons of experience so if your likely to catch it will be on this boat.
Horse Riding Antigua

This horseback experience is suitable for pretty much everyone, from beginners to the more experienced rider. There are options for all levels with the added bonus of including time at the end of your chosen session splashing in the waters of the caribbean on horseback, should you desire.
Eli’s Eco Tour

A full day on Eli’s purpose built boat for your comfort. You can catch the sun or the shade and enjoy the views. You will not miss your cruise ship departure! This is guaranteed.
Cruise and Chill | Sailing Around Antigua

Captain Christian welcomes you aboard the ‘Camelot‘ for a few hours of fun on the Caribbean Sea on the ‘Day Charter’ or for some romantic time on the ‘Sunset Cruise’. He is renowned for his stories, so it’s sure to be an adventure from start to finish!
Antigua Zip Line | A Tour of the Rainforest

Swing Through the Trees Like Tarzan..

If you want an adrenaline fix and a change from the beach or guided bus tour then read more. Antigua Rainforest provide you with a safe way to enjoy flying through the trees on a zipline. It’s not just about ziplining however as there are other rope and bridge based challenges through the rainforest canopy. The canopy itself is a vibrant eco system and this 1.5 hour or 2.5 tour allow you to soak it up while having the thrill!
Antigua Fun Buggy Tour | Off Road Adventure with Beach Stop

Try an Antigua Fun Buggy adventure- well rated online people like the excitement that comes with driving yourself across a new environment in an off road vehicle like most of us have never driven before just for fun. You are guided with a vehicle taking the lead and helping you experience the fun of the auto 150cc sport buggies we have. The tour is from 2.5 to 3 .5 hours in length. All tours include a beach stop.

Behind the placid churches and somber scholastic centers that dot its countryside, Armenia hides an undeniable adventurous streak. Its mountain slopes were simply made for downhill snowboarding, daring hikes, horseback tours, off-roading expeditions and exhilarating zip lines sure to satiate thrill-seeking travelers.

Armenia Adventure Tours will take you flying down the mountainside at Tsaghkadzor Ski Resort, exploring castles and hidden mountain crevices in Ararat Region or riding horseback at Urtsadzor Eco Center. Let loose on our adventure park tour as you paraglide over valleys, fly free on the zip line, try your hand at a challenging ropes course or take mountain hiking to the extreme.

Come seize the day with us on Armenia Adventure Tours, where soaring mountains and daring exploits combine to give you a vacation that will stay with you forever!

Источник

Подборка по базе: Вариант 15 Прочитайте текст из статьи «Детство — особый период»., пупр худож тексты.docx, Итоговый тест, по истории Нижегородского края.docx, ПР2 Нижевясов.docx, 3) Температура ниже оптимальной, влажность оптимальной;выше.pdf, Не сплошные тексты.docx, Английский тексты.docx, англ тексты.docx, Стиль одежды, изображенный на фото ниже — Деловой имидж.docx. ск, В коровьем молоке содержание лактозы несколько ниже.docx

ЕГЭ Задания 19 — 38

Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19–25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–25.

Tours that emphasize Adventure

Taking some time off from a tech job in Chicago earlier this year to

contemplate a career move, Shannon Elarton ________________ up SIGN

to visit Tanzania in May with AdventureWomen, a women-only tour

company, on a hunch that she might gain some perspective from her fellow travelers.
She was also, she said, “__________________ something deeper than CRAVE

you would get in a basic tour,” and got it one day when the company

owner, Judi Wineland, introduced the group to 12 women from a local

Masai community.
“By the time it _______________ , it was the biggest gift for me,” FINISH

she said. “At the end of the day we all want the same things: to have

work, to provide for our family, to have a family.”

Traveling to experience such personal connections and search one’s

soul __________________ to women, of course. NOT TO LIMIT
But a rise in the number of women-only trips, both from new

companies and established ones, suggests women are keen to wander

well beyond resorts________________ girlfriend getaway TOUT

packages and mother-daughter spa retreats.
Not all women’s trips are adrenaline-based. Wellness

retreats ______________ as a springboard to more emotionally SERVE

charged events such as Renew, a breakup boot camp coming Dec. 1-3

to an estate in Saugerties, N.Y.
“Men ___________________ sporting trips and fishing trips and TAKE

hunting getaways for ages and it’s finally time for women to have the

equal amount of hall passes so to speak,” said Mollie Fitzgerald, the

owner of Frontiers International Travel, a Gibsonia, Pa.-based travel

agency.
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26–31, однокоренные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26–31.

Сhicago

Chicago, the state of Illinois, is known as The Second City, which refers to its rebuilding after the fire. The current city is __________________ the second Chicago, after the one that disappeared in 1871. (LITERAL)

It can also refer to the city’s long-held position as the United States’ __________________ city, after New York City. (TWO)

Today, Chicago is called as The Windy City. You might suspect that Chicago got this nickname from the winds off Lake Michigan, which shove through the downtown __________________ with intense force. (CORRIDOR)

But the true origin of the saying comes from politics. Some say it may have been coined by rivals like Cincinnati and New York as a derogatory reference to the Chicagoan__________________ political conventions. Others say that the term originated from the fact that Chicago politicians change their minds as «often as the wind.» (END)

Finally, the city is often named as The City That Works. It refers to Chicago’s labor tradition and the long hours worked by its residents, its willingness to tackle grand civic projects and to make fortunes for a __________________ few. (LUCK)

Chicago is the home of the blues and the truth of jazz, and the heart of comedy. Here the age of railroads found its center, and airplanes followed suit. It’s a city with a swagger, but without the surliness or even the fake smiles found in other cities of __________________ size. (IT)
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32–38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32–38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Paris and the wonders of a life overseas

I was lucky enough to live in Paris for six months teaching English and in this short time I was able to appreciate the language, culture and brilliance of the city of light.

Befriending locals is always the best way to really experience a new place, 32 _________ for the likes of Paris with so many hidden gems around every corner. It is also of course the best way to learn and eventually 33 ________ a language. Speak how the locals do and learn 34 _________ them. Cafés and bars are great places to 35 _________. There you can meet friends and locals, but also relax on your own and grab a drink whilst taking in the atmosphere and language that is being spoken around you.

One of the best things to do in Paris is to explore the area of Montmartre. Montmartre used to be a small village 36 _________ the edge of Paris but is now one of its main attractions and the calling place for aspiring artists. The views of the city from the front of the Sacré Coeur are incredible and will live with you for a lifetime. Winter is a great time to see Paris as the cold air 37 _________ you to wrap up in your winter coat and scarf and travel the streets and take in its beauty. To add to the views there is on most days entertainment, singing, guitar and I was lucky enough to hear a professional opera singer 38 _________ one occasion.
32. 1) specially 2) especially 3) namely 4) evenly Ответ:

33. 1) manage 2) know 3) obtain 4) master Ответ:

34. 1) about 2) from 3) of 4) with Ответ:

35. 1) hold on 2) go up 3) hang out 4) get off Ответ:

36. 1) on 2) in 3) at 4) by Ответ:

37. 1) makes 2) gets 3) allows 4) lets Ответ:

38. 1) at 2) on 3) for 4) in Ответ:

Источник

Раздел 2. Чтение No задания
Ответ: 10 — 7153428

11 — 517236

12. 2

13.4

14.3

15.1

16.3

17.4

18.1
Раздел 3. Грамматика и

лексика*No задания
Ответ

19-ISPREPARED

20 — HADREACHED

21- WASBOILED

22- SPREAD

23- HADBEEN

24- INCREASED

25- WERECLEARED

26- INDUSTRIAL

27- ORGANIZATIONS

28- PREDOMINANTLY

29- FAVOURABLE

30- PARTIES

31- RELENTLESS

32- 2

33- 4

34- 2

35 — 3

36- 1

37 -2

38- 4

10.Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8.Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру

только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. Working Towards Secure Future

2. Scientific Center

3. Practical Information for Visitors

4. Part of the World Cultural Heritage

5. Most Interesting Buildings to See

6. Not Only Plants but Animals

7. Pursuing Noble Aim

8. Own Law Enforcement Service
A. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, usually known as Kew Gardens, in

Richmond upon Thames is a major London tourist attraction and a UNESCO

Word Heritage site. It is located in south-west London and houses the largest and most diverse botanical and mycological collections in the world.
B. Founded in 1759, Kew began as a royal garden attached to the Royal Kew Palace, home to George III and his many children. The Palace is now open to visitors, but probably the buildings most visitors come to see are the incredible glasshouses. The Palmhouse is one of the largest

surviving Victorian glasshouses in the world, with over 16,000 panes of glass. The Water lily house, which contains some of the world’s largest (and smallest) water lilies, is also not to be missed.
C. However, Kew is more than just a garden and green space in the heart of Britain’s capital city. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew covers approximately three hundred acres of land, and attracts around a million visitors every year. Its collections and laboratories illustrate the important

part that plants play in our lives, and highlight the need to protect and conserve them for the benefit ofgenerations to come. Ensuring environment and biodiversity protection is one of Kew’s most important goals.
D. Kew is a vital research and scientific base, with multiple research projects and partnerships stretching across the globe. A world leader in plant science, Kew employs around seven hundred people, and is home to about nineteen thousand species of living plants. Its Millennium Seed

Bank at Wakehurst Place, West Sussex holds seeds from around ten percent of the world’s plant species for the benefit of humankind, curating around two billion seeds from 28,000 species of plants sourced from approximately 130 countries.
E. Around eighty percent of our daily calorie intake comes from just twelve plant species. Kew’s Millennium Seed Bank’s Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change project recognises the need for greater genetic diversity in our crops and seeks to preserve food security for future generations. The project collects seeds from the wild relatives of some of our most important food crop plants whose genetic make-up can be used to breed new and useful traits back into modern agricultural crops so that they can better adapt to future climates and other threats, such a

pests and diseases.

F. The gardens have their own police force, Kew Constabulary, which has been in operation since 1847. Formerly known as the Royal Botanic Gardens Constabulary, it is a small, specialised constabulary of two sergeants and 12 officers, who patrol the grounds in a marked silver car. The Kew Constables are attested under section 3 of the Parks Regulation

Act 1872, which gives them the same powers as the Metropolitan Police within the land belonging to the gardens.
G. If you have never been to Kew Gardens, you should know that there are several ways of getting in. Kew Gardens’ visitors usually find it difficult to understand where the entrance is. Actually, Kew Gardens are accessible by a number of gates. Currently, there are four gates that are open to the public: the Elizabeth Gate, which is situated at the west end of Kew Green, and was originally called the Main Gate before being renamed in 2012 to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II; the Brentford Gate, which faces the River Thames; the Victoria Gate (named after Queen Victoria), situated in Kew Road,which is also the location of the Visitors’ Centre; and the Lion Gate, also situated in Kew Road.

Ответ:

A B C D E F G

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F

частями предложений, обозначеннымицифрами1–7.

Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занеситe цифры, обозначающие соответствующиечасти предложений, в таблицу.
‘Unbelievable’: Heart Stents Fail to Ease Chest Pain

A procedure used to relieve chest pain in hundreds of thousands of heart patients each year is useless for many of them, researchers reported on Wednesday.

Their study focused A__________, to open blocked arteries. The devices

are lifesaving when used to open arteries in patients in the throes of a heart attack.
But they are most often used in patients B__________that occurs, for example, walking up a hill or going up stairs. Sometimes patients get stents when they have no pain at all, just blockages.
Heart disease is still the leading killer of Americans —790,000 people have heart attacks each year —C__________. More than 500,000 heart patients worldwide have stents inserted each

year D__________according to the researchers. Other estimates are far higher.
The new study, published in the Lancet, E___________by countering decades of clinical experience. The findings raise questions about whether stents shouldbe used so often

—or at all —to treat chest pain.Dr. David Maron, a cardiologist at Stanford University, praised the new study as “very well conducted” but saidF__________. The participants

had a profound blockage but only in one artery, he noted, and they were assessed after just six weeks.

“We don’t know if the conclusions apply to people with more severe disease,” Dr. Maron said. “And we don’t know if the conclusions apply for a longer period of observation.”

1.and stenting is a mainstay treatment in virtually every hospital

2.that it left some questions unanswered

3.who have a blocked artery and chest pain

4.to relieve chest pain

5.blocked coronary artery and chest pain

6.stunned leading cardiologists

7.on the insertion of stents, tiny wire cages
Ответ:

F
Прочитайте Текст и Выполните задания 12–18.

В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Mobile Phones

When Scotsman Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876, it was a revolution in communication. For the first time, people could talk to each other over great distances almost as clearly as if they were in the same room. Nowadays, though, we increasingly use Bell’s invention for taking photographs, accessing the internet or watching video clips rather

than talking. Over the last two decades a new means of spoken communication has emerged: the mobile phone.
The modern mobile phone is a more complex version of the two-way radio. Traditional two-way radio was a very limited means of communication. As soon as the users moved out of range of each other’s broadcast area, the signal was lost. In the 1940s, researchers began experimenting with the idea of using a number of radio masts located around the countryside to pick up signals from two-way radios. A caller would always be within range of one of the masts; when he moved too far away from one mast, the next mast would pick up the signal. (Scientists referred to each mast’s reception area as being a separate ‘cell’; this is why in many countries mobile phones are called ‘cell phones’).
However, 1940s technology was still quite primitive, and the ‘telephones’ were enormous boxes which had to be transported by car. The first real mobile telephone call was made in 1973 by Dr Martin Cooper, the scientist who invented the modern mobile handset. As soon as his

invention was complete, he tested it by calling a rival scientist to announce his success.
Within a decade, mobile phones became available to the public. The streets of modern cities began to feature sharp-suited characters shouting into giant plastic bricks. In Britain the mobile phone quickly became synonymous with the ‘yuppie’, the new breed of young urban professionals who carried the expensive handsets as status symbols. Around this time many of us swore that we would never, ever own a mobile phone.
But in the mid-90s, something happened. Cheaper handsets and cheaper calling rates meant that, almost overnight, it seemed that everyone had a mobile phone. And the giant plastic bricks of the 80s had evolved into smooth little objects that fitted nicely into pockets and bags. In every pub and restaurant you could hear the bleep and buzz of mobiles ringing and registering messages, occasionally breaking out into primitive versions of the latest pop songs. Cities suddenly had a new, postmodern birdsong.

Moreover, people’s timekeeping changed. Younger readers will be amazed to know that, not long ago, people made spoken arrangements to meet at a certain place at a certain time. Once atime and place had been agreed, people met as agreed. Somewhere around the new millennium,

this practice started to die out. Meeting times became approximate, subject to change at any

moment under the new order of communication: the Short Message Service (SMS) or text message. Going to be late? Send a text message! It takes much less effort than arriving on time, and it’s much less awkward than explaining your lateness face-to-face. It’s the perfect communication method for the busy modern life style.
Like email before it, the text message has altered the way we write in English, bringing more abbreviations and alaxer approach to language construction. The 160-character limit on text messages has led to a new, abbreviated version of English for fast and instantaneous communication. Traditional rules of grammar and spelling are much less important when you’re sitting on the bus, hurriedly typing ‘Will B 15min late —C U @ the bar. Sorry!:-)’.
Mobile phones, once the preserve of the high-powered businessperson

and the ‘yuppie’, are now a vital part of daily life for an enormous amount of people. From schoolchildren to pensioners, every section of society has found that it’s easier to stay in touch when you’ve got a mobile. Over the last few years mobiles have become more and more advanced. Firstly, we saw the introduction of built-in cameras, global positioning devices

and internet access. More recently we have witnessed the arrival of the ‘third generation’ of mobile phones: powerful micro-computers with broadband internet access, which will allow us to watch TV, download internet files at high speed and send instant video clips to friends.
Alexander Graham Bell would be amazed if he could see how far the science of telephony has progressed in less than 150 years. If he were around today, he might say:

‘That’s gr8! But I’m v busy rite now. Will call U 2nite.’

12. Why are mobile phones called cell phones in many countries?
1) They are made of special elements called cells.

2)They receive a signal within one radio mast’s cell.

3) They were given that name by their inventors.

4) The word ‘cell’ is derived from the word ‘caller’.

Ответ:
13. Who received the call from the first real mobile phone in 1973?
1)Dr Martin Cooper

2)Dr Martin Cooper’s parents

3)Dr Martin Cooper’s good friend

4)Dr Martin Cooper’s competitor

Ответ:
14. At first many British people swore that they would never have a mobile phone.

Which of the following is NOT the reason for this?
1)First mobile phones were inconvenient to take with you.

2)They were too expensive to buy.

3)They didn’t function properly.

4)They served mostly as a status symbol.

Ответ:
15. All these changes happened to mobile phones from 80s to 90s EXCEPT_____
1)Primitive ringtones were replaced by modern pop songs.

2)The prices for mobiles phones decreased.

3)Mobile phones became smaller.

4)Mobile phones came into wider use.

Ответ:

16. How has SMS influenced people’s Time keeping and communicating?

1) People no longer meet, they text to each other.

2) People have become more punctual.

3) People have become less strict concerning meeting times.

4) There is practically no influence exerted by SMS.

Ответ:
17. What is the meaning of the word laxer in paragraph 7?

1) more coward

2) more accurate

3) more pragmatic

4) more careless

Ответ:
18. What is the author’s attitude towards changes in mobile technologies?
1) sceptic

2) enthusiastic

3) incredulous

4) frustrated

Ответ:
12

По окончании выполнения заданий 10–18 не забудьте перенести свои ответы

В БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ No 1!

Запишите Ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания,начиная с первой клеточки.

При переносе ответов в заданиях 10 и 11 цифры записываются

без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительныхсимволов.

Каждую цифрупишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.

Раздел 3.

Грамматика и лексика

Прочитайте Приведённые ниже тексты.Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова,

Напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами

19–25,так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–25.
Tours That Emphasize Adventure

19. Taking some time off from a tech job in Chicago earlier this year to

contemplate a career move, Shannon Elarton______________up to visit Tanzania in May with Adventure Women, a women-only tour company, on a hunch that she might gain some perspective from her fellow travelers. 19. (SIGN)
20. She was also, she said, “__________________something deeper than you would get

in a basic tour,” and got it one day when the company owner, Judi Wineland, introduced the group to 12 women from a local Masai community. 20.(CRAVE)
21. “By the time it__________, it was the biggest gift for me,” she said. “At the end of the day

we all want the same things: to have work, to provide for our family, to have a family.21.(FINISH)
22. Traveling to experience such personal connections and search one’s soul________________

to women, of course. 22. (NOT TO LIMIT)
23. But a rise in the number of women — only trips, both from new companies and established ones, suggests women are keen to wander well beyond resorts__________________

girlfriend getaway packages and mother-daughter spa retreats. 23.(TOUT)
24. Not all women’s trips are adrenaline-based. Wellness retreats__________________as a springboard to more emotionally charged events such asRenew, a breakup boot camp coming Dec. 1-3 to an estate in Saugerties, N.Y. 24.(SERVE)
25.“Men_______________sporting trips and fishing trips and hunting getaways for ages and it’s finally time for women to have the equal amount of hall passes so to speak,” said Mollie Fitzgerald, the owner of Frontiers International Travel, a Gibsonia, Pa.-based travel agency.

25.(TAKE)

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных

заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных

номерами 26–31,однокоренные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически

соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными

словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26–31.
Сhicago

26. Chicago, the state of Illinois, is known as The Second City, which refers to its rebuilding after the fire. The current city is__________________ the second Chicago, after the one that disappeared in 1871. 26.(LITERAL)
27. It can also refer to the city’s long-held position as the United

States’__________________ city, after New York City. 27.(TWO)

Today, Chicago is called as The Windy City. You might suspect that
28. Chicago got this nickname from the winds off Lake Michigan, which shove through the downtown__________________ with intense force. 28.(CORRIDOR)
29. But the true origin of the saying comes from politics. Some say it may have been coined by rivals like Cincinnati and New York as a derogatory reference to the Chicagoan_______________ political conventions. Others say that the term originated from the fact that Chicago politicians change their minds as «often as the wind.» 29.(END)
30. Finally, the city is often named as The City That Works. It refers to Chicago’s labor tradition and the long hours worked by its residents, its willingness to tackle grand civic projects and to make fortunes for a__________________ few. 31.(LUCK)
31. Chicago is the home of the blues and the truth of jazz, and the heart of comedy.

Here the age of railroads found its center, and airplanes followed suit. It’s a city with a swagger, but without the surliness or even the fake smiles found in other cities of______________size.

31. (IT)
25

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенныминомерами32–38.

Эти Номера соответствуют заданиям

32–38,вкоторых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле

ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Paris and the wonders of a life overseasI was luckyenough to live in Paris for six months teaching English and in this short time I was able to appreciate the language, culture and brilliance of the city of light.Befriending locals is always the best way to really experience a new

place, 32 ______ for the likes of Paris with so many hidden gems around every corner. It is also of course the best way to learn and eventually 33______ a language. Speak how the locals do and learn 34______ them. Cafés and bars are great places to 35______.

There you can meet friends and locals, but also relax on your own and grab a drink whilst taking in the atmosphere and language that is being spoken around you.

One of the best things to do in Paris is to explore the area of Montmartre.

Montmartre used to be a small village 36______ the edge of Paris but is now one of its main attractions and the calling place for aspiring artists.

The views of the city from the front of the Sacré Coeur are incredible and will live with you for a lifetime. Winter is a great time to see Paris as the cold air 37______ you to wrap up in your winter coat and scarf and travel the streets and take in its beauty. To add to the views there is on

most days entertainment, singing, guitar and I was lucky enough to hear a professional opera singer 38______ one occasion.

Единый государственный экзамен, 20

32. 1) specially 2) especially 3) namely 4) evenly

Ответ:
33. 1) manage 2) know 3) obtain 4) master

Ответ:
33. 1) about 2) from 3) of 4) with

Ответ:
34. 1) hold on 2) go up 3) hang out 4) get off

Ответ:
35.1) on 2) in 3)at 4) by

Ответ

36. 1) makes 2) gets 3) allows 4) lets

Ответ:
38. 1) at 2) on 3) for 4) in

Ответ:

Поoкончании выполнения заданий 19–38 не забудьте перенести свои

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Раздел 4. Письмо

Раздел 2. Чтение

No задания

Ответ

10 — 4572183

11 — 731462

12-2

13-4

14-3

15-1

16-3

17-4

18-2

Раздел

3. Грамматика и лексика

19 — SIGNED

20- CRAVING

21- WASFINISHED

22-ISNOTLIMITED

23-TOUTING

24-HAVESERVED

25-HAVEBEENTAKING

26-LITERALLY

27-SECOND

28-CORRIDORS

29-ENDLESS

30-LUCKY

31-ITS
32- 2

33-4

34 -2

35-3

36-1

37-3

38-2

Источник

Единый

Государственный

Экзамен

Английский язык

Лексика и грамматика

Типовые экзаменационные варианты

15 вариантов

Составитель: Дегтярева Л.

Оек

2022

Введение

Цель данного пособия – дать обучающемуся и учителю дополнительные материалы для развития иноязычной коммуникативной компетенции обучающихся и успешной сдачи ими единого государственного экзамена по английскому языку. Пособие содержит 20 типовых вариантов со всеми необходимыми дополнительными материалами, которые включают ответы.

Материалы пособия могут использоваться на занятиях под руководством учителя или в процессе самостоятельного повторения пройденного и подготовки к ЕГЭ. При использовании пособия в школе рекомендуется задавать выполнение типового варианта на дом (с самоконтролем времени), а в классе разбирать вызвавшие затруднения вопросы и анализировать работы. Это повысит не только эффективность классных занятий, но и чувство ответственности обучающихся за результаты экзамена.

Одна из важнейших задач обучения – обеспечить усвоение лексико-грамматического материала в объеме, предписанном федеральным компонентом государственного образовательного стандарта, его тренировку в коммуникативно значимом контексте и воспитывать сознательное отношение к оперированию лексическими и грамматическими единицами. Работа с данным пособием даст возможность учителю уделить больше внимания функционально-смысловой стороне использования грамматических форм и вопросам сочетаемости лексических единиц. Перед тем как приступить к выполнению заданий, повторите грамматический материал.

Местоимения

Степени сравнения прилагательных

Числительные

Словообразование

Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика

Вариант 1

Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначены номерами 1-7, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 1-7.

The Thorn Birds

The Thorn Birds The Thorn Birds is a 1977 bestselling novel WE by the Australian author Colin McCullough. The story gives

_________information about life on Australian sheep stations,

but it also includes a dramatic love story.

The book __________________ the writer international fame BRING

as soon as it was published.

In 1983 it was adapted into a

TV miniseries __________________ Richard Chamberlain STAR

and Rachel Ward.

GPS functions

Car GPS Tracking appears a lot in new vehicles, offering LATE

drivers tracking and navigation. Yet, the ___________

inventions are even more modern and sophisticated,

offering extra

opportunities to people.

Smart box technology is one example of how car GPS USE

tracking systems ____________ to lower car insurance.

If the driver ____________ the rules, he gets a discount NOT BREAK

or an insurance premium.

Without doubt, this new technology ________________ BECOME

popular among drivers very soon.

Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначены номерами 1-6, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 1-6.

Auckland

Auckland Auckland is the largest and most populous city POPULATE

in New Zealand. The __________________ of Auckland

is getting close to 1.4 million residents.

It is __________________ situated in the North Island CONVENIENT

of the country, between the Waitakere Ranges and

the Hauraki Gulf.

The city enjoys an oceanic climate, which is __________ COMPARE

________ to the climate in most of Europe.

Nothing can __________________ you about Auckland, APPOINT

which is why it is a popular destination for numerous

immigrants to New Zealand.

Expats have an overall good experience when staying in FRIEND

Auckland. Most expats find it very easy to communicate

with the locals, who are very __________________.

Another positive thing about Auckland is the amount LOCATE

of nature and free space, which is appreciated a lot,

especially by those coming from more densely inhabited .

Вариант 2

What is Sanscrit?

Sanskrit is one of the oldest known Indic languages, SPEAK
with examples of Vedic Sanskrit dating back to

approximately 1500 BCE and possibly even earlier

eras which are difficult to determine because the language ________

long before it was written.

The word “Sanskrit” __________________ in several TRANSLATE

different ways, as “complete,” “perfect,” or “pulled together.”

The origins of this language appear to lie in vulgar dialects

which were organized and codified, first into Vedic Sanskrit

and later into a more modern form around 500 BCE.

Several Indian languages including Bengali and Hindi are BE

descended from Sanskrit, and while the language is not

widely spoken in India today, there __________________

some movements to revive spoken forms, and the influences

of this language can be seen on many levels of Indian culture and across Southeast Asia.

What is Rigveda?

The Rigveda is an ancient Sanskrit text which _________ CONSIDER

sacred to followers of the Hindu religion. CONSIDER

This text is part of a larger family of religious texts EXPLAN

known collectively as the Vedas; together, the Vedas

form the cornerstone of Hindu belief, ___________

_______ the mythology of the religion, the roles of the

assorted Hindu gods, and detailing various rituals which

should be performed by pious Hindus.

The first written version appears to have emerged WRITE

around 1500 BCE, with most scholars arguing that

the Rigveda had been passed down orally for centuries

before it __________________.

The Rigveda is the oldest of the Vedas. All of the Vedas COMPOSE

__________________ during a period in Indian history

which is known as the Vedic Period. Dating of the Vedic

Period varies, but it is generally defined as lasting between

1500 BCE and 184 BCE.

How similar is ancient Greek to modern Greek?

Modern Greek (demotic) has a simplified grammar and BASE

accents and the vocabulary has naturally changed

over time, but the __________________ core of the

language is the same.

So a speaker of modern Greek can usually get the gist of INTERPRET

an ancient text, although trying to translate may

often lead to tragic __________________ .

Attic or Hellenistic («koine») Greek texts are EASY

of course much __________________ than archaic Greek

(f.e. Homer).

Modern Greek speakers, even if they have managed COMPLETE

to __________________ miss learning Ancient in

school, have a couple of additional resources that

help with their ability to comprehend Ancient.

The truth is, Ancient Greek, just like Latin, and ____ LIKE

___________ Old English, exists all over the written

and spoken word.

And it’s encountered often enough that some ________ LITERAT

________ in it would have been maintained even without

schooling.

Вариант 3

Air pollution and climate change 19 Overloading WATER

of the atmosphere and of ocean waters with carbon.

Atmospheric CO2 absorbs and re-emits infrared-wavelength

radiation, leading to warmer air, soils, and ocean surface

__________ – which is good because the planet would

be frozen solid without this.

Unfortunately, there’s now too much carbon in the air. PUSH

Burning of fossil fuels, deforestation for agriculture,

and industrial activities ___________ up atmospheric

CO2 concentrations from 280 parts per million (ppm)

200 years ago, to about 400 ppm today. That’s an

unprecedented rise, in both size and speed. The result:

climate disruption.

Carbon overloading is only one form of air pollution CAUSE

___________ by burning coal, oil, gas and wood.

The World Health Organization.

Recently ___________ that one in nine deaths in 2012 ESTIMATE

were attributable to diseases caused by carcinogens and

other poisons in polluted air.

Solutions to be taken involve ___________ fossil fuels REPLACE

with renewable energy, reducing emissions from

agriculture as well as.

________ industrial processes. The good news is that CHANGE

clean energy is abundant – it just needs to be harvested.

Many say a 100 percent renewable-energy future is feasible

with existing technology now.

But the bad news is that even though renewable energy NOT APPLE

infrastructure – solar panels, wind turbines, energy

storage and distribution systems – are already widespread,

and getting cheaper and more efficient all the time, experts

say we __________ them quickly enough to prevent

catastrophic climate disruption. Barriers in policy and

finance remain to be overcome.

Extreme Sports

There are thousands of reasons why people go in for sport POPULAR

and the most common of them are money, ___________

and fitness.

Another reason is a desire to get an adrenaline rush because DANGER

some sports mat be really ________.

Young people, ___________ teenagers, go to extremes SPECIAL

because they are bored with the traditional way of life.

So extreme sports have become part of youth’s culture.

Teens from all parts of the world practice extreme sports SAFE

even though these activities are often ______

and any mistake could result in an injury or even death.

Certain versions of extreme sports require proper training, PROFESSION

while others can be performed without ___________ guidance.

Вариант 4

Tours That Emphasize Adventure

Taking some time off from a tech job in Chicago earlier this SIGN

year to contemplate a career move, Shannon Elarton

__________________ up to visit Tanzania in May with

Adventure Women, a women-only tour company, on a hunch

that she might gain some perspective from her fellow travelers.

She was also, she said, “__________________something CRAVE

deeper than you would get in a basic tour,” and got it one

day when the company owner, Judi Wineland, introduced

the group to 12 women from a local Masai community.

“By the time it__________________, it was the biggest FINISH

gift for me,” she said. “At the end of the day we all want

the same things: to have work, to provide for our family,

to have a family.”

Traveling to experience such personal connections NOT TO LIMIT

and search one’s soul __________________ to women,

of course.

But a rise in the number of women-only trips, both TOUT

from new companies and established ones, suggests

women are keen to wander well beyond resorts

__________________ girlfriend getaway packages and

mother-daughter spa retreats.

Not all women’s trips are adrenaline-based. Wellness SERVE

retreats __________________ as a springboard to more

emotionally charged events such as Renew, a breakup

boot camp coming Dec. 1-3 to an estate in Saugerties, N.Y.

“Men__________________ sporting trips and fishing trips TAKE

and hunting getaways for ages and it’s finally time for

women to have the equal amount of hall passes so to speak,

” said Mollie Fitzgerald, the owner of Frontiers International Travel,

a Gibsonia, Pa.-based travel agency.

Chicago

Chicago, the state of Illinois, is known as The Second City, LITERAL

which refers to its rebuilding after the fire. The current city is

__________________ the second Chicago, after the one

that disappeared in 1871.

It can also refer to the city’s long-held position as the United TWO

States’__________city, after New York City.

Today, Chicago is called as The Windy City. You might CORRIDOR

suspect that Chicago got this nickname from the winds

off Lake Michigan, which shove through the downtown

__________________ with intense force.

But the true origin of the saying comes from politics. END

Some say it may have been coined by rivals like Cincinnati

and New York as a derogatory reference to the Chicagoan

__________________ political conventions. Others say

that the term originated from the fact that Chicago politicians

change their minds as «often as the wind.»

Finally, the city is often named as The City That Works. LUCK

It refers to Chicago’s labor tradition and the long hours worked

by its residents, its willingness to tackle grand civic projects

and to make fortunes for a__________________ few.

Chicago is the home of the blues and the truth of jazz, IT

and the heart of comedy. Here the age of railroads found its

center, and airplanes followed suit. It’s a city with a swagger,

but without the surliness or even the fake smiles found in other cities of__________________ size.

Вариант 5

Olympic Games

The history of the Olympic Games started around 776 BC. THEY

Ancient Greeks held the Olympic Games every four

years in honor of_____________ gods. The Greeks treated

the games as a fair. City leaders talked politics and sometimes

even signed treaties.

The city filled up with numerous travelers who came at WITNESS

the temple of Zeus in Olympia from distant places________

the excitement. Shouting sellers sold food and drink. Most of all,

however, people gathered to watch the running contests, the

discus throwing, the chariot racing, and the wrestling matches.

They cheered on their favorites.

The strongest and the ____________athletes, who came SUCCESSFUL

the first in the contests, became the winners.

Although they received only crowns of leaves as trophies, CITY

they were celebrated as heroes in their home_____________

Poems ____________in their honor. (WRITE)
Sometimes, they even received free meals and the GOOD

___________ front-row seats at different public events.

The ruins of the Olympic Stadium were discovered in 1875. ONE

In 1896 the _____modern Olympic Games were held

in Athens to honor the ancient Greeks.

Farm and city in Spain

It can be really hot in the south of Spain. At times DUST

it seems to be caked with__________ heat. A light

breeze is a real blessing, as it whispers in the silvery

leaves of hundreds of olive trees. Some of the trees in

these groves were planted 200 years ago.

Though But today the ___________of the olive groves OWN

often do not work on their farms. Tenant farmers do this

for them. Tenant farmers farm other peoples land and pay

rent in money or by giving the owner a share of the crop.

In the last 50 years millions of Spaniards who could LIFE

not make a ______ from the poor soil of their farms have

moved to work in.

Big cities like Barcelona — the centre of Spains _______ region. INDUSTRY

But whether a family is staying in Barcelona or on the farm,

they try not to miss a fair, especially if it is Seville’s annual

April Fair.

The fair begins around noon, with a __________ parade COLOR

of riders and carriages. All the men dress in black

and the women in bright colours. (COLOUR)

The fairground is filled with music. Dancers move RHYTHM

_______ to the sound of guitars and the snap of castanets.

Вариант 6

U.S. government shutdown over border wall

The U.S. government will partially shut down over CONTINUE

the Christmas period due to a lack of agreement over

funding for the proposed wall along the Mexico border.

Politicians say it is likely that the federal closures

__________ until after Christmas.

It is the__________________ government shutdown THREE

of the year.

U.S. President Donald Trump has NOT FUND

promised a «very long» government shutdown if Democrats

__________________ the border wall.

Mr Trump wants the Senate to authorize $5.7 billion to finance PREPARE

the wall, which was one of the President’s major election

promises in 2016. He said: «I hope we don’t, but we

_________ for a very long shutdown.»

He__________________ : «Shutdown today if Democrats TWEET

do not vote for border security.

The shutdown __________________ Mr Trump’s holiday plans. AFFECT
The White House press secretary Sarah Sanders confirmed this RETURN

in a statement. She said: «Due to the shutdown, President Trump

will remain in Washington, D.C. and the First Lady_________

from Florida so they can spend Christmas together.»

Woman to catch up with men’s pay in 200 years

It will be 200 years before women achieve EQUAL

economic __________________.

This is according to the __________________released RECENT

annual Global Gender Gap Report from the World Economic Forum.

Women lag far behind men in many areas. They currently LITTLE

earn about 20-30 per cent__________________ on

average than men.

One reason for this is the lack of women in management MANAGER

positions. The report said: «Women still encounter

significant obstacles in taking on__________________

or senior official roles.»

The World Economic Forum said inequality closed by LARGE

only a small amount this year. The__________________

gap between the sexes was in politics. It said: «

Only 23 percent of the political gap..has been closed,

and no country has…closed political empowerment gaps.»

Gaps still exist in healthcare and education. HUMAN

The report said: «The equal contribution of women

and men…is critical….Societies cannot afford to

lose out on the skills…of half of__________________ .»

Вариант 7

New Sesame Street character highlights homelessness

The world-famous children’s television show INTRODUCE

Sesame Street __________________ a new character

to highlight the plight of homeless children.

The educational TV series, which __________________ 1969, AIR

is helping to tackle the issue of homelessness via a new

character called Lily..

She is a 7-year-old girl who __________________ LEAVE

homeless after her family lost their apartment.

Lily’s plight mirrors that of over 2.5 million children REDUSE

in the USA who are also homeless. Millions more

youngsters around the world are in the same situation.

A Sesame Street spokeswoman, Sherrie Westin,

hoped the character Lily __________________ the stigma

associated with homelessness and allow children to identify with her,

«and hopefully feel less alone».

The iconic, educational show has a long history of raising DEAL

awareness of social issues among children. Other tough topics

they have addressed include __________________ with parents

who are in prison, living with autism, and facing bullies at school.

Ms Westin __________________ the importance of reaching out STRESS

to children who have no permanent home. She said:

«We know children experiencing homelessness are

often caught up in a devastating cycle of trauma.

As well as the daily hardship of __________________ BE

homeless, those children may suffer due to poverty,

domestic violence, or other trauma that caused them

to lose their home.» She added: «We want homeless children

to know that they are not alone.»

‘Yellow Vests’ protests to continue in France

France is experiencing social __________________ REST

it has not experienced for generations.

The country famous for its revolutions and protests has VIOLENCE

been rocked by a serious of nationwide, ______________

demonstrations.

The protests are being led by the Yellow Vests _________, MOVE

so called because protestors don high-visibility yellow

jackets usually worn by the emergency services.

The protests are motivated by rising fuel prices, the high EQUAL

cost of living, and claims that a(n) __________________

burden of new tax reforms were falling on the working

and middle classes.

France’s President Emmanuel Macron has declared » MANY

a state of social and economic emergency». The violence

has caused over a billion dollars in damages so far.

This figure is set to rise as __________________ demos are planned.

To quell public anger, Mr Macron has promised to cancel RELIEVE

his proposed rise in fuel prices, deliver tax ____________

for the poor and cancel a tax on retired people. He called for the havoc

and mayhem to end and for calm and order to return.

Вариант 8

What is a rainbow?

A rainbow__________________ when sunlight and water meet. APPEAR
They__________________ by the refraction and dispersion

of the sun’s light by rain or other water droplets in the atmosphere. CAUSE

Rainbows can be seen not just when it’s raining but also SHINE

on misty or foggy days, in the spray of a waterfall,

and even in dew, basically they can appear whenever

there are water droplets in the air and there is sunlight

__________________ from behind at the right angle.

It__________________ light refraction, and on a sunny day, CALL

with a hosepipe, you can even create your own rainbow in the garden.

If you__________________ very lucky, you might see a double rainbow. BE
In certain conditions you can see another, fainter secondary HAVE

rainbow above the primary rainbow. The secondary rainbow

__________________ the order of the colours reversed, too,

with red on the bottom and violet on the top.

There are many legends from different ancient cultures, BEAUTIFUL

all created to explain them, because let’s face it, rainbows are among the__________________ of nature’s displays.

Smiling a lot is a valued trait

People who often smile __________________radiate. SINCERE
__________________, connect easily with others. LIKEABLE
and are__________________ more. APPRECIATE
By smiling, you make a positive__________________ IMPRESS

that will assist in making contacts and reaching your goals.

Finding the right balance between showing a happy or serious FACE

__________________ expression is an art in itself.

Nevertheless smiling isn’t always that easy; sometimes JAM

a lot of courage is needed to do it. Especially in situations

where when it’s preferable to smile, we tend to clench our

__________________ and look too tense.

Вариант 9

Teaching wild birds to sing a new tune

Conventional experiments of vocal learning in birds CONDUCT

__________________ in the laboratory.

But such studies are much more difficult to do in OVERCOME

the wild. The researchers__________________ the challenges

in the new study by focusing their attention

on Savannah Sparrows living at Bowdoin Scientific Station on Kent Island.

The sparrows on this island often return to the place RETURN

of their birth to breed as adults. That made it possible

for researchers to expose young birds to novel songs

and then record those same animals when they________

from migration to breed the next year.

Mennill’s team, __________________ researchers INCLUDE

from the University of Windsor, University of Guelph,

and Williams College, developed a new type of loudspeaker

that is programmable, solar powered, light activated, and weatherproof .

The speakers allowed them to broadcast adult songs TUTOR

with distinctive acoustic signatures for the wild sparrows

over tutoring sessions that lasted for months.

Over a six-year period between 2013 and 2018, they experimentally, __________________ five cohorts of Savannah Sparrows, from the time they hatched to adulthood.

Across the five cohorts, thirty birds produced songs CONTAIN

that matched the broadcasted songs. Those songs differed

from anything the birds would have heard otherwise.

In all thirty cases, the researchers report, the birds produced songs__________________ phrase.

that__________________ on the island in three NOT RECORD

decades of field study.

Javan leopard

The critically endangered Javan leopard THREATENED

(Panthera pardus melas) is one of the__________________

subspecies of leopard.

Yet to date, it has received little conservation attention POOR

and its population status and distribution remain________

__________ known.

To address this gap in knowledge, the researchers used species OCCUR

distribution modeling to predict the locations of suitable

leopard habitats throughout Java, based on the most extensive Javan leopard__________________ dataset available.

The __________________ map greatly improves those PREDICT

previously produced by the government of Indonesia

and International Union for Conservation of Nature.

For example, it adds six new priority landscapes HIGH

and reveals that the leopard population spans several __________________ fragmented landscapes, which are far more isolated than previously thought.

The study also highlights the__________________ IMPORTANT

of maintaining connectivity between protected areas

and human-modified landscapes, because adjacent production

forests and secondary forests were found to provide vital extensions for several Javan leopard subpopulations.

Вариант 10

Quick thinkers are charismatic

The research shows that people who were able to PERCEIVE

respond more quickly to general knowledge questions and visual tasks__________________ as more charismatic by their friends,

independently of IQ and other personality traits.

«Our findings show that social intelligence is more than just SAY

knowing the right thing to do,»__________________

psychological scientist William von Hippel of the University

of Queensland in Australia. «Social intelligence also requires

an ability to execute, and the quickness of our mind is an important

component of that ability.»

Von Hippel and colleagues__________________ by why some people INTRIGUE

exude more charisma than others, and wanted to understand

the factors that might drive these differences.

«We decided to take a slightly different approach to the problem TRY __________________ to get a handle on what enables charisma,

» von Hipper explains.

«When we __________________ at charismatic leaders, LOOK

musicians, and other public figures, one thing that stood out is that

they are quick on their feet.»

To investigate whether mental speed__________________ MAY

contribute to charisma, the researchers conducted two

studies with a combined total of 417 participants. Participants in the studies completed established measures of intelligence and personality.

To gauge charisma, the researchers asked the participants’ BE

friends to rate how «charismatic,» «funny,» and «quick-witted» they__________________. To measure mental speed, participants

then answered 30 common-knowledge questions

(e.g., «Name a precious gem») as quickly as possible.

Charisma

It refers especially to a quality in certain people who EASY

__________________ draw the attention and admiration

(or even hatred if the charisma is negative) of others due

to a «magnetic» quality of personality or appearance.

Though the term as it stands is extremely difficult to define, other TERM similar__________________ related to charisma include:
grace, exuberance,__________________ , mystique, EQUANIMOUS

positive energy joie de vivre, extreme charm, personal magnetism,

personal appeal, «electricity,» and allure, among many others.

Another term constantly used is the «X-factor.» Usually THEY

many of these qualities must be present within a single individual

for the person to be considered highly charismatic by the public and__________________ peers.

Despite the strong emotions they so often induce in others, USUAL

charismatic individuals generally project __________________ calmness, confidence, assertiveness, dominance, authenticity, and focus.

And almost always possess superb communication and ORATOR

________ skills.

Вариант 11

Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначены номерами 1-6, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 1-6.

Manila

For too long, the Philippine capital of Manila______ SEE

____________ as a mere stopover on the way to the country’s

breathtaking beaches—and it’s a notion not exactly unwarranted.

Dense, busy, notoriously tricky to navigate, with maybe the worst ENCOUNTER

traffic most people ________ever__________, Manila doesn’t

make itself easy to love. But to go by first impressions

would be to miss out on Southeast Asia’s most underrated capital.

I__________________ with the city’s tangled histories HAVE TO CONTEND

for much of my personal—and especially professional—life.

But the older I get, the more I realize those narratives have

also given Manila its magic. It’s a city in constant flux— forever

contending with its past while raising a glass to the future.

Beneath the chaos and confusion, Manila thrives through BE

imagination, resourcefulness, and optimism, with upstart

creative communities, a worldclass food scene, and arts

and design industries that ________long__________ a low key

player on the global scene.

Next time you __________________ (BOOK), a trip to BOOK

the sun-kissed paradise of Palawan or Siargao, ________

_________ stopover a few more days. EXTEND

You certainly__________________ it. NOT REGRET

New names for degrees

The number of research-based __________________ DOCTOR

degrees awarded by American universities has increased

by more than 22,000 over the past 30 years, an increase of 69%.

And the __________________ of the recipients as well COMPOSE

as their chosen fields of study have shifted in major ways.

Those are two of the main takeaways from the Survey SPONSOR

of Earned Doctorates, an annual census of all individuals

earning a research doctorate from an accredited American

institution in an academic year. The SED has been conducted

since 1957, under the__________________ of the National Science Foundation’s National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics along

with five other federal agencies.

The survey collects data about recipients’ demographics, EDUCATE

__________________ backgrounds and career plans as

well as the fields of study in which research doctorates are awarded.

The most recent survey is for the 2016-17 academic year. GRADATION

In that year, 54,664 research doctorates were awarded,

compared to 32,365 in 1987, reflecting ________________

increases in almost every year across those three decades.

Perhaps of __________________ interest is the changing GREAT

nature of the recipients and the disciplines they’re studying.

Вариант 12

Latin may help students bridge their native language with English

In a study, researchers found that__________________ TEACH

English Learners — students who aren’t fluent in English.

And often come from homes where a language other than SPEAK English__________________ — the Latin roots of words

helped them problem solve the meaning of unfamiliar words.

«The idea is that Latin roots can be helpful for learning sets SAY

of academic words in English,»__________________

Amy Crosson, assistant professor of education at Penn State.

For example, the Latin root of the English word «innovate» is «nov,» MEAN

which __________________ «new.» Crosson said that

because «nuevo» also means «new» in Spanish, students

can build on their home-language knowledge to learn both

the Latin root and the meaning of «innovate.

Another example is the word ‘gradual, «Crosson said. HELP

«Spanish speakers will know that ‘grada’ means ‘step’ in Spanish.

This can help them learn and remember that the Latin root ‘grad’ also

means ‘step.’ That in turn __________________ build

the meaning of the target word, ‘gradual,’ which means

‘little by little’ or ‘step by step.'»

Crosson said that while educators sometimes encourage SHOW

these students to learn English as quickly as they can,

possibly at the risk of losing their native language, emerging research__________________ the benefits of bilingualism.

She__________________ that teachers should encourage ADD

students to develop and build on their home languages while

they are developing academic English.

Infants are more likely to learn when with a peer

Researchers at the University of Connecticut and YOUNG

University of Washington looked at the mechanisms

involved in language learning among nine-month-olds,

the__________________ population known to be studied

in relation to onscreen learning.

They found neural__________________ of early learning EVIDENT

among infants who were coupled with a peer, as compared

to those infants who viewed the instruction alone.

__________________, the more often that new, unfamiliar, CRITICAL

partners were paired with the infants, the better results the

babies showed.

«Novelty increased learning,» says Patricia K. Kuhl, Bezos ONE

Family Foundation Endowed Chair in Early Childhood

Learning at the University of Washington. «What this study

introduces for the__________________ time is that part

of the reason we learn better when we learn collaboratively

is that a social partner increases arousal, and arousal in turn increases learning.

The pattern of neural response exhibited by infants in INDICATE

the paired-exposure setting was__________________ of more

mature brain processing of the sounds, write the researchers,

and it is likely that they represent the earliest stages of infants

‘ sound learning.

The findings support previous research highlighting INTERACT

the importance of social__________________ for children’s learning,

especially from screen media.

Вариант 13

Teeth Problems

Аlex’s mother was waiting impatiently for Alex to come BE

home from school. “There you are!” she cried when he

opened the door. She anxiously asked him where he ________.

“I missed the bus and had to walk here,” Alex replied. BE

“You have an orthodontist appointment today,” Alex’s mother SUPPOSE

said. “That means you ________ to leave school early,” she continued.

“I’ll be very happy when I no longer have to wear my braces, I

” Alex said. “ ________ too,” his mother replied tiredly.

A Great Vacation

For her summer vacation Sarah went to Hawaii with her family. ONE

It was the ________ time in her life, when she could go to the beach every day.

She learnt how to snorkel and saw lots of pretty fish in SWIM

the ocean around her. One day she even saw a sea turtle while she ________.

Sarah’s favourite part of the trip ________ on the last night.

She and her family went to a special dinner and a show called luau. HAPPEN

What a treat! Sarah had the ________ summer vacation ever! GOOD

Russian Weather

Russian weather, particularly for foreigners, seems CLIMATE

to be clouded in myths and legends. Russia is a huge country,

spanning its ___________ zones from polar arctic to subtropical

and everything in between.

The capital of Russia, Moscow, has a continental climate, VARY

with great ________ in temperature between winter and summer months.

In mid summer, during July and August, temperatures OCCASION

are pleasantly warm, with _________________hot spells.

Winters differ __________, with only about six hours DRASTIC

of daylight in the middle of the season and temperatures

recorded at way below freezing point.

The image of Moscow weather is so dominated by VISIT

the snow that _______ often underestimate the warmth of Moscow summers.

While the summer attracts the _______________ of tourists, MAJOR

many Moscow residents would suggest spring and

early autumn as the best time to visit Moscow.

Вариант 14

The Academy Awards

The Academy Awards, informally known as The Oscars, BE

__________________ a set of awards given annually

for excellence of cinematic achievements. The Oscar statuette

is officially named the Academy Award of Merit and is one of nine

types of Academy Awards.

Organized and overseen by the Academy GIVE

of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), the awards

__________________ each year at a formal ceremony.

The awards firstly _________________in 1929 at GIVE

a ceremony created for the awards, at the Hotel Roosevelt in Hollywood.

Over the years that the award has been given, CHANGE

the categories presented__________________ ; currently

Oscars are given in more than a dozen categories, and include films

of various types.

As one of the most prominent award ceremonies in the world, TELEVISE

the Academy Awards ceremony__________________

live in more than 100 countries annually.

While the Oscar is under the ownership of the recipient, ENCUMBER

it is essentially not on the open market.

Since 1950, the statuettes__________________ by the requirement that neither winners nor their heirs may sell the statuettes without first offering

to sell them back to the Academy for US$1.

If a winner__________________ to agree to this stipulation, REFUSE

then the Academy keeps the statuette. Academy Awards

not protected by this agreement have been sold in public

auctions and private deals for six-figure sums.

Mr. Bean

Mr. Bean is a series of fourteen 25-minute__________ EPISODE

________ written by and starring Rowan Atkinson.

This British situation comedy television program ORIGINAL

is based on a character__________________ developed

by Atkinson while he was studying for his master’s degree at Oxford University.

The series features__________________ situations occurring FUN

in the life of Mr. Bean.

The__________________ was described by Atkinson LATE

as «a child in a grown man’s body».

Mr. Bean tries to solve various problems presented DISRUPT

by everyday tasks and often causes__________________ in the process.

Bean rarely speaks, and the largely physical humor of the USUAL

series is derived from his interactions with other people and his

__________ solutions to situations.

Вариант 15

The history of English

English came about in England’s Anglo-Saxon kingdoms and what INFLUENCE

is now the south-eastern part of Scotland. Following extensive

___________ of the United Kingdom and Great Britain throughout.

The British Empire from the seventeenth to the mid-twentieth PROPAGATE

centuries, the language ___________ widely around the world.

Old English is the collective term for the fusion of closely SETTLE

related dialects resulted in English. Germanic settlers who

___________ on Great Britain’s eastern coast spoke this language,

which at the time was called Anglo-Saxon.

Ultimately, this was from the Schleswig-Holstein or CENTURY

what used to be the Angeln ancestral region. Influence

also came from the Viking invasions in the ninth and tenth

___________. English is important for career development.

In an article, the Economist noted that more and ADOPT

more global companies ___________ English as their main language.

It is also worth nothing that English is being adopted by international.

Companies from countries that don’t speak English to become REPLACE

the official language, ___________ their own native language.

Hiroshi Mikitani of the Rakuten Group in Japan is one example. HOLD

As the operator of the chain Uniqlo, he made his entire

staff learn English and once made a warning to fire or at the very least,

demote those who were not very fluent. Mikitani ___________

the belief that the language of English helps in promoting

attributes such as creativity and free thinking among employees.

The Internet – a Blessing or a Curse?

We live in the age of information technology and the Internet INVENT

is a unique ___________, which has influenced all areas of our lives.

Yet some people are ___________ about the importance of the Web. CERTAIN

Is it a blessing or a curse?

On the one hand, with the Internet, it is now possible to EASY

communicate ___________ with people all over the world.

In addition, the Internet is very useful, because it makes ACCESS

the world of facts and knowledge ___________ to everyone.

However, a huge amount of information on the Internet is also WEAK

one of its ___________. This diversity makes it difficult to find

the type of information you want.

Moreover, the Internet can become ___________ for our society, DANGER

because of cybercriminals. The information wars of the future may be

fought on Web sites.

Ответы

ПИСЬМЕННАЯ ЧАСТЬ

Раздел 3.

Лексика и грамматика

Вариант 1

№ задания	Ответ
1	us
2	brought
3	starring
4	latest
5	areused
6	doesn’t; doesnotbreak
7	willbecome
1	population
2	conveniently
3	comparable
4	disappoint
5	friendly
6	locations; location

Вариант 2

№ задания	Ответ
1	hadbeenspoken
2	istranslated
3	havebeen
4	isconsidered
5	explaining
6	waswritten
7	werecomposed
1	basic
2	misinterpretations
3	easier
4	completely
5	unlike
6	literacy

Вариант 3

№ задания	Ответ
1	waters
2	havepushed
3	caused
4	hasestimated
5	replacing
6	changing
7	arenotapplying
1	popularity
2	dangerous
3	especially
4	unsafe
5	professional
6	variety

Вариант 4

№ задания	Ответ
1	signed
2	craving
3	wasfinished
4	isnotlimited
5	touting
6	haveserved
7	havebeentaking
1	literally
2	second
3	corridors
4	endless
5	lucky
6	its

Вариант 5

№ задания	Ответ
1	their
2	towitness
3	mostsuccessful
4	cities
5	werewritten
6	best
7	fist
1	dusty
2	owners
3	living
4	industrial
5	colorful
6	rhythmically

Вариант 6

№ задания	Ответ
1	willcintinue
2	third
3	don’tfund; donotfund
4	areprepared
5	tweeted
6	hasaffected
7	willreturn
1	equality
2	recently
3	less
4	managerial
5	largest
6	humanity

Вариант 7

№ задания	Ответ
1	hasintroduced
2	hasbeenaired
3	wasleft
4	wouldreduce
5	dealing
6	stressed
7	being
1	unrest
2	violent
3	movement
4	unequal
5	more
6	relief

Вариант 8

№ задания	Ответ
1	appears
2	arecaused
3	shining
4	iscalled
5	are
6	willhave
7	mostbeautiful
1	sincerely
2	likeability
3	appreciated
4	impression
5	facial
6	jaws

Вариант 9

№ задания	Ответ
1	havebeenconducted
2	overcame
3	returned
4	including
5	tutored
6	containing
7	hadn’tbeenrecorded;hadnotbeenrecorded
1	mostthreatened
2	poorly
3	occurrence
4	predictive
5	highly
6	importance

Вариант 10

№ задания	Ответ
1	wereperceived
2	says
3	wereintrigues
4	trying
5	looked
6	might
7	were
1	easily
2	terms
3	equanimity
4	their
5	unusual
6	oratorical

Вариант 11

№ задания	Ответ
1	hasbeenseen
2	willencounter
3	hadtocontend
4	havebeen
5	book
6	extend
7	willnotregret
1	doctoral
2	composition
3	sponsorship
4	educational
5	gradual
6	greater

Вариант 12

№ задания	Ответ
1	teaching
2	isspoken
3	said
4	means
5	willhelp
6	isshowing
7	added
1	youngest
2	evidence
3	critically
4	first
5	indicative
6	interaction

Вариант 13

№ задания	Ответ
1	hadbeen
2	weresupposed
3	me
4	first
5	wasswimming
6	hapaned
7	best
1	climatic
2	variation
3	occasional
4	drastically
5	visitors
6	majority

Вариант 14

№ задания	Ответ
1	are
2	aregiven
3	weregiven
4	havechanged
5	istelevised
6	haveencumbered
7	refuses
1	episodes
2	originally
3	funny
4	latter
5	disruption(s)
6	unusual

Вариант 15

№ задания	Ответ
1	influences
2	hasbeenpropagated
3	settled
4	centuries
5	haveadopted
6	replacing
7	holds
1	invention
2	uncertain
3	easily
4	accessible
5	weaknesses
6	dangerous

Источник

It in Paragraph 5 (“… even if it did happen.”) most probably refers to …

1)  booking accommodation.

2)  looking for a new place.

3)  problem with accommodation.

4)  security in a hotel.

Are tours really so bad?

I’ve always been all for independent travel and my friends often ask me: if tours are really so bad, why so many people do them?

Well, I wouldn’t be so straightforward. First of all, tours provide higher quality at better value. I’ve always been trying to break down costs for independent travel in different cities around the world, so it might seem strange when I say that tours are actually a better value. The reality is that in most places, the absolute cheapest way to travel is independently, but that means hostel bunks and street food instead of hotels and restaurants. And in a country like China, the tours are much cheaper than independent travel at any standard.

Of course, the reason for this is that a tour provider can book 20 hotel rooms every week with one phone call, so they get amazing hotel rates that independent travellers couldn’t dream of. The same is true with restaurants and even attractions, where large groups are much cheaper per person than singles. Even with a tour provider mark-up, you still get a better deal in most cases.

Another important thing for many of us is that there is little or no stress with language or culture barriers. Even in an English-speaking country, it can be confusing on your first visit, and things like finding hotels and even museums can be headaches. When in countries with other languages, the level of confusion gets multiplied, often further compounded by touts and other illegal sellers who make a living trying to steer you somewhere else. On a tour you’ll always have an English speaker who knows the local area well between you and the potential obstacles. It’s almost like having an old friend living in the area, who can tell you exactly where to go and whom to ignore.

That leads us to the next point. Tours provide security and accountability. No method of travel is 100% safe and secure, but at least when you are on a tour you know that people who know the risks are working on your behalf. Travelling on your own, if your hotel says it’s fully booked, then you are out on the street. But with a tour, it’s up to them to find you a new room nearby, which would be far easier even if it did happen.

If you get sick or injured on your own, you are on your own, while on a tour there will be an experienced person there to help get medicine or look after you. I had a large backpack stolen off a train because the luggage area works on the honour system. Had I been on a tour, someone would likely have put everything in a secure place because their reputation depends on clients making it home with all their gear.

And last but not least, itineraries on tours are designed by professionals. Everyone obviously has different tastes when sightseeing, but that doesn’t mean that independent travellers always make the right decisions. The typical first-time visitor to a big city will try to schedule 18 hours worth of sightseeing into every day, which obviously doesn’t work once you get there. These tour companies that have been around for a long time tend to do a great job maximising sightseeing time but also adding in leisure time, meal time, and sleep time. In the era of ubiquitous reviews not to mention social media, these tour companies can only survive if they provide a product that people feel good about when it’s done. Not only can they get you between sights more quickly, but they also know when clients prefer to relax and slow down.

All said and done, I am not writing this to put you off independent travel but rather to make you look before you leap.

Источник

Task 1 Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

Fire Crews Hunt Escaped Hamster

Eight firefighters have been called in to help find an escaped hamster. Two crews used a chocolate-covered camera and a vacuum cleaner A ____ , called Fudgie, at the home of a six-year-old girl in Dunbar, Scotland.

The girl’s mother said: ‘We came down for breakfast and discovered Fudgie had opened the top lid of her cage and had made her way into the kitchen and we think she has gone В ____ .’

The fire crews spent five hours trying to recover the pet after it ran down a hole in the kitchen floor. But, the hamster still refused С ____ .

In the search for Fudgie, the firefighters took the family cooker and gas pipes apart. They also dropped a mini-camera coated with chocolate under the floorboards. They then hoped to take out the hamster using a vacuum cleaner. Despite all their efforts, they failed to find Fudgie.

In the end, the firefighters put another camera down the hole D ____ , connected to the screen of the family home computer, to see if Fudgie appeared. Besides, the girl and her parents regularly dropped food E ____ .

At last, after eight days the hamster returned to her cage safe and sound. She crawled from the hole in the kitchen floor early in the morning. It was the girl’s father who first found Fudgie F ____ .

The girl said that day it was like Christmas morning for her. Her parents added that they too felt extremely happy when Fudgie had finally returned.

through a small hole in the floor
through the hole for the hamster
and locked the runaway hamster
to come out of the hole
to look after the pet
to try and locate the missing hamster
and left it under the floorboards

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	1	4	7	2	3

Task 2

Speed of eating is ‘key to obesity’

If you eat very quickly, it may be enough to increase your risk of being overweight, research suggests.

Osaka University scientists looked at the eating habits of 3,000 people. Just about half of them told researchers that they A ______ . Compared with those who did not eat quickly, fast-eating men were 84% more likely to be overweight, and women were 100% more likely to В ______ .

Japanese scientists said that there were a number of reasons why eating fast С ______ . They said it could prevent the work of a signalling system which tells your brain to stop eating because your stomach is full. They said: ‘If you eat quickly you basically fill your stomach before the system has a chance to react, so you D _____ .

The researchers also explained that a mechanism that helps make us fat today, developed with evolution and helped people get more food in the periods when they were short of it. The scientists added that the habit of eating fast could be received from one’s parents genes or E ______ .

They said that, if possible, children should be taught to F ______ , and allowed to stop when they felt full up at mealtimes. ‘The advice of our grandmothers about chewing everything 20 times might be true — if you take a bit more time eating, it could have a positive influence on your weight.

just overfill your stomach
could be bad for your weight
have a habit of eating quickly
linked to obesity
eat as slowly as possible
put on weight
learned at a very early age

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	6	2	1	7	5

Task 3

Hi-Tech Brings Families Together

Technology is helping families stay in touch like never before, says a report carried out in the US.

Instead of driving people apart, mobile phones and the Internet are A ____ . The research looked at the differences in technology use between families with children and single adults. It found that traditional families have more hi-tech gadgets in their home В ____ . Several mobile phones were found in 89% of families and 66% had a high-speed Internet connection. The research also found that 58% of families have more С ____ .

Many people use their mobile phone to keep in touch and communicate with parents and children. Seventy percent of couples, D ____ , use it every day to chat or say hello. In addition, it was found that 42% of parents contact their children via their mobile every day.

The growing use of mobile phones, computers and the Internet means that families no longer gather round the TV to spend time together. 25% of those who took part in the report said they now spend less time E ____ . Only 58% of 18—29 year olds said they watched TV every day. Instead the research found that 52% of Internet users who live with their families go online F ____ several times a week and 51% of parents browse the web with their children.

Some analysts have worried that new technologies hurt families, but we see that technology allows for new kinds of connectedness built around cell phones and the Internet/ said the report.

than any other group
watching television
in the company of someone else
than two computers in the home
communicated with their families
helping them communicate
owning a mobile

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	1	4	7	2	3

Task 4

The Power of ‘Hello’

I work at a company where there are hundreds of employees. I know most of them and almost all of them know me. It is all based on one simple principle: I believe every single person deserves to be acknowledged, A ______ .

When I was about 10 years old, I was walking down the street with my mother. She stopped to speak to Mr. Lee. I knew I could see Mr. Lee any time around the neighborhood, В ______ .

After we passed Mr. Lee, my mother said something that has stuck with me from that day until now. She said, ‘You let that be the last time you ever walk by somebody and not open up your mouth to speak, because even a dog can wag its tail С______ . That phrase sounds simple, but it has been a guidepost for me and the foundation of who I am. I started to see that when I spoke to someone, they spoke back. And that felt good. It is not just something I believe in — D ______ . I believe that every person deserves to feel someone acknowledges their presence, no matter how unimportant they may be.

At work, I always used to say ‘hello’ to the founder of the company and ask him how our business was doing. But I was also speaking to the people in the cafe, and asked how their children were doing. I remembered after a few years of passing by the founder, I had the courage to ask him for a meeting. We had a great talk.

At a certain point, I asked him E ______ . He said, ‘If you want to, you can get all the way to this seat.’ I have become vice president, but that has not changed the way I approach people. I speak to everyone I see, no matter where I am. I have learned that speaking to people creates a pathway into their world, F ______ .

it has become a way of life.
when it passes you on the street.
when you see him and talk to him.
and it lets them come into mine, too.
so I did not pay any attention to him.
however small or simple the greeting is.
how far he thought I could go in his company.

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	5	2	1	7	4

Task 5

Friendship and Love

A strong friendship takes a significant amount of time to develop. It will not just magically mature overnight. A friendship involves committing oneself to help another person A ______ . I believe that, nothing can replace a true friend, not material objects, or money, and definitely not a boy.

I met this guy a couple summers ago who I ended up spending almost all of my free time with. His parents did not approve of our dating because of our age difference, В ______ . He had told me the day we met that he had joined the air force and would leave for overseas that coming October. After three months had past, the time came when he had to leave. This left me feeling completely alone.

I turned to my friends for support, but to my surprise, С ______ . I had spent so much time with this guy and so little time with them, that they did not feel sorry for me when he left. For so long they had become the only constant in my life, and I had taken them for granted over something D ______ .

When my boyfriend came back, our relationship changed. I tried to fix all the aspects in my life that had gone so wrong in the previous six months.

This experience taught me that true friendships will only survive if one puts forth effort to make them last. Keeping friends close will guarantee that E ______ . When a relationship falls apart, a friend will always do everything in their power to make everything less painful. As for me, I try to keep my friends as close as I can. I know they will always support me in whatever I do, and to them, I F ______ .

but we did anyway.
whenever a need arises.
they did not really care.
whenever they need your help.
could not guarantee would even last.
am eternally grateful for a second chance.
someone will always have a shoulder to cry on.

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	1	3	5	7	6

Task 6

Mobile phones

On New Year’s Day, 1985, Michael Harrison phoned his father, Sir Ernest, to wish him a happy new year. Sir Ernest was chairman of Racal Electronics, the owner of Vodafone, A ______ .

At the time, mobile phones weighed almost a kilogram, cost several thousand pounds and provided only 20 minutes talktime. The networks themselves were small; Vodafone had just a dozen masts covering London. Nobody had any idea of the huge potential of wireless communication and the dramatic impact В ______ .

Hardly anyone believed there would come a day when mobile phones were so popular С ______ .But in 1999 one mobile phone was sold in the UK every four seconds, and by 2004 there were more mobile phones in the UK than people. The boom was a result of increased competition which pushed prices lower and created innovations in the way that mobiles were sold.

When the government introduced more competition, companies started cutting prices to attract more customers. Cellnet, for example, changed its prices, D ______ . It also introduced local call tariffs.

The way that handsets themselves were marketed was also changing and it was Finland’s Nokia who made E ______ . In the late 1990s Nokia realized that the mobile phone was a fashion item: so it offered interchangeable covers which allowed you to customize and personalize your handset.

The mobile phone industry has spent the later part of the past decade reducing its monthly charge F ______ , which has culminated in the fight between the iPhone and a succession of touch screen rivals.

trying to persuade people to do more with their phones than just call and text
that there would be more phones in the UK than there are people
and relying instead on actual call charges
that mobile phones would have over the next quarter century
the leap from phones as technology to phones as fashion items
and his son was making the first-ever mobile phone call in the UK
the move to digital technology, connecting machines to wireless networks

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	4	2	1	5	3

Task 7

London Zoo

London Zoo is one of the most important zoos in the world. There are over 12,000 animals at London Zoo and A ______ ! Its main concern is to breed threatened animals in captivity. This means we might be able to restock the wild, should disaster ever befall the wild population.

Partula Snail, Red Crowned Crane, Arabian Oryx, Golden Lion Tamarin, Persian Leopard, Asiatic Lion and Sumatran Tiger are just some of the species London Zoo is helping to save.

That is why it is so important that we fight to preserve the habitats that these animals live in, as well as eliminate other dangers В ______ . But we aim to make your day at London Zoo a fun and memorable time, С ______ .

In the Ambika Paul Children’s Zoo, for instance, youngsters can learn a new love and appreciation for animals D ______ . They can also learn how to care for favourite pets in the Pet Care Centre.

Then there are numerous special Highlight events E ______ unforgettable pony rides to feeding times and spectacular animal displays. You will get to meet keepers and ask them what you are interested in about the animals they care for, F ______ .

Whatever you decide, you will have a great day. We have left no stone unturned to make sure you do!

such as hunting exotic animals and selling furs
as well as the ins and outs of being a keeper at London Zoo
which take place every day, from
because they see and touch them close up
despite the serious side to our work
which demand much time and effort
that is not counting every ant in the colony

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	1	5	4	3	2

Task 8

‘Second Stonehenge’ discovered near original

Archaeologists have discovered evidence of what they believe was a second Stonehenge located a little more than a mile away from the world-famous prehistoric monument.

The new find on the west bank of the river Avon has been called «Bluestonehenge», after the colour of the 25 Welsh stones of A______.

Excavations at the site have suggested there was once a stone circle 10 metres in diameter and surrounded by a henge — a ditch with an external bank, according to the project director, Professor Mike Parker Pearson, of the University of Sheffield.

The stones at the site were removed thousands of years ago but the sizes of the holes in B ______ indicate that this was a circle of bluestones, brought from the Preseli mountains of Wales, 150 miles away.

The standing stones marked the end of the avenue C _____, a 1¾-mile long processional route constructed at the end of the Stone Age. The outer henge around the stones was built about 2400BC but arrowheads found in the stone circle indicate the stones were put up as much as 500 years earlier.

Parker Pearson said his team was waiting for results of radiocarbon dating D _____ whether stones currently in the inner circle of Stonehenge were originally located at the other riverside construction.

Pearson said: «The big, big question is when these stones were erected and when they were removed — and when we get the dating evidence we can answer both those questions.»

He added: «We speculated in the past E ______ at the end of the avenue near the river. But we were completely unprepared to discover that there was an entire stone circle. Another team member, Professor Julian Thomas, said the discovery indicated F______was central to the religious lives of the people who built Stonehenge. «Old theories about Stonehenge that do not explain the evident significance of the river will have to be rethought,» he said. Dr Josh Pollard, project co-director from the University of Bristol, described the discovery as «incredible».

which could reveal
which they stood
which it was once made up
that this stretch of the river Avon
that there might have been something
that it should be considered as integral part
that leads from the river Avon to Stonehenge

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	2	7	1	5	4

Task 9

Australia

Australia was the last great landmass to be discovered by the Europeans. The continent they eventually discovered had already been inhabited for tens of thousands of years.

Australia is an island continent A _____ is the result of gradual changes wrought over millions of years.

B ____, Australia is one of the most stable land masses, and for about 100 million years has been free of the forces that have given rise to huge mountain ranges elsewhere.

From the east coast a narrow, fertile strip merges into the greatly eroded Great Dividing Range, C ____.

The mountains are merely reminders of the mighty range, D ____. Only in the section straddling the New South Wales border with Victoria and in Tasmania, are they high enough to have winter snow.

West of the range of the country becomes increasingly flat and dry. The endless flatness is broken only by salt lakes, occasional mysterious protuberances and some mountains E ____. In places the scant vegetation is sufficient to allow some grazing. However, much of the Australian outback is a barren land of harsh stone deserts and dry lakes.

The extreme north of Australia, the Top End, is a tropical area within the monsoon belt. F ____, it comes in more or less one short, sharp burst. This has prevented the Top End from becoming seriously productive area.

that once stood here
that is almost continent long
whose property is situated to the north of Tasmania
whose landscape — much of bleak and inhospitable
whose beauty reminds of the MacDonald Ranges
Although its annual rainfall looks adequate on paper
Although there is still seismic activity in the eastern highland area

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	7	2	1	5	6

Task 10

Scotland Yard

Scotland Yard is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police in London. To most people, its name immediately brings to mind the picture of a detective — cool, efficient, ready to track down any criminal, or a helmeted police constable — A____ and trusty helper of every traveller from overseas.

Scotland Yard is situated on the Thames Embankment close to the Houses of Parliament and the familiar clock tower of Big Ben, and its jurisdiction extends over 740 square miles with the exception of the ancient City of London, B____.

One of the most successful developments in Scotland Yard’s crime detection and emergency service has been the “999 system”. On receipt of a call the 999 Room operator ascertains by electronic device the position of the nearest available police car, C ____. Almost instantly a message is also sent by teleprinter to the police station concerned so that within seconds of a call for assistance being received, a police car is on its way to the scene. An old-established section of the Metropolitan police is the Mounted Branch, with its strength of about 200 horses stabled at strategic points. These horses are particularly suited to ceremonial occasions, D ____.

An interesting branch of Scotland Yard is the branch of Police Dogs, first used as an experiment in 1939. Now these dogs are an important part of the Force. One dog, for example, can search a warehouse in ten minutes, E ____.

There is also the River Police, or Thames Division, which deals with all crimes occurring within its river boundaries.

There are two other departments of Scotland Yard – the Witness Room (known as the Rogues’ Gallery) where a photographic record of known and suspected criminals is kept, and the Museum, F ____.

which is contacted by radio
that familiar figure of the London scene
for they are accustomed to military bands
which possesses its own separate police force
which contains murder relics and forgery exhibits
that this policeman will bring the criminal to justice
whereas the same search would take six men an hour

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	4	1	3	7	5

Task 11

Harry Potter course for university students

Students of Durham University are being given the chance to sign up to what is thought to be the UK’s first course focusing on the world of Harry Potter. Although every English-speaking person in the world knows about Harry Potter books and films, few have thought of using them as a guide to … modern life.

The Durham University module uses the works of JK Rowling A ______ modern society. “Harry Potter and the Age of Illusion” will be available for study next year. So far about 80 undergraduates have signed В ______ a BA degree in Education Studies. Future educationalists will analyse JK Rowling’s fanfiction from various points of view.

A university spokesman said: “This module places the Harry Potter novels in a wider social and cultural context.” He added that a number of themes would be explored, С ______ the classroom, bullying, friendship and solidarity and the ideals of and good citizenship.

The module was created by the head of the Department of Education at Durham University. He said the idea for the new module had appeared in response D ______ body: “It seeks to place the series in its wider social and cultural context and will explore some fundamental issues E ______ . You just need to read the academic writing which started F ______ that Harry Potter is worthy of serious study.”

up for the optional module, part of
to emerge four or five years ago to see
to examine prejudice, citizenship and bullying in
such as the response of the writer
including the world of rituals, prejudice and intolerance in
to growing demand from the student
such as the moral universe of the school

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	1	5	6	7	2

Task 12

Laughing and evolution

The first hoots of laughter from an ancient ancestor of humans could be heard at least 10 million years ago, according to the results of a new study. Researchers used recordings of apes and babies being tickled A ______ to the last common ancestor that humans shared with the modern great apes, which include chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans.

The finding challenges the opinion В ______ , suggesting instead that it emerged long before humans split from the evolutionary path that led to our primate cousins, between 10m and 16m years ago.

“In humans, laughing can be the strongest way of expressing how much we are enjoying ourselves, but it can also be used in other contexts, like making fun of someone,” said Marina Davila Ross, a psychologist at Portsmouth University. “I was interested in С ______ .”

Davila Ross travelled to seven zoos around Europe and visited a wildlife reserve in Sabah, Borneo, to record baby and juvenile apes D ______ . Great apes are known to make noises that are similar to laughter when they are excited and while they are playing with each other.

Davila Ross collected recordings of laughter from 21 chimps, gorillas, orangutans and bonobos and added recordings of three babies that were tickled to make them laugh.

To analyze the recordings, the team put them into a computer program. “Our evolutionary tree based on these acoustic recordings alone showed E ______ , but furthest from orangutans, with gorillas somewhere in the middle.” said Davila Ross. “What this shows is strong evidence to suggest F ______ .”

whether laughing emerged earlier on than humans did
to create the evolutionary tree linking humans and apes
that laughter is a uniquely human trait
that humans were closest to chimps and bonobos
that laughing comes from a common primate ancestor
while their caretakers tickled them
to trace the origin of laughter back

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	3	1	6	4	5

Task 13

Nenets culture affected by global warming

For 1,000 years the indigenous Nenets people have migrated along the 450-mile- long Yamal peninsula in northern Russia. In summer they wander northwards, taking their reindeer with them. In winter they return southwards.

But this remote region of north-west Siberia is now being affected by global warming. Traditionally the Nenets travel across the frozen River Ob in November A ___ around Nadym. These days, though, this annual winter migration is delayed. Last year the Nenets, together with many thousands of reindeer, had to wait until late December В ____ .

“Our reindeer were hungry. There wasn’t enough food,” Jakov Japtik, a Nenets reindeer herder, said. “The snow is melting sooner, quicker and faster than before. In spring it’s difficult for the reindeer to pull the sledges. They get tired,” Japtik said.

Herders say that the peninsula’s weather is increasingly unpredictable — with unseasonal snowstorms С ___, and milder longer autumns. In winter, temperatures used to go down to -50°C. Now they are normally around -30°C, according to Japtik. “Obviously we prefer -30°C. But the changes aren’t good for the reindeer D ___,” he said, setting off on his sledge to round up his reindeer herd.

Even here, in one of the most remote parts of the planet, E __ . Last year the Nenets arrived at a regular summer camping spot and discovered that half of their lake had disappeared. The water had drained away after a landslide. The Nenets report other curious changes — there are fewer mosquitoes and a strange increase in flies. Scientists say there is unmistakable evidence F ___ .

when the ice was finally thick enough to cross
that the impact on Russia would be disastrous
the environment is under pressure
and in the end what is good for the reindeer is good for us
and set up their camps in the southern forests
that Yamal’s ancient permafrost is melting
when the reindeer give birth in May

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	1	7	4	3	6

Task 14

Duration of life and its social implications

The world’s population is about to reach a landmark of huge social and economic importance, when the proportion of the global population over 65 outnumbers children under 5 for the first time. A new report by the US census bureau shows A____ , with enormous consequences for both rich and poor nations.

The rate of growth will shoot up in the next couple of years. The В ___ a combination of the high birth rates after the Second World War and more recent improvements in health that are bringing down death rates at older ages. Separate UN forecasts predict that the global population will be more than nine billion by 2050.

The US census bureau was the first to sound the С ___ . Its latest forecasts warn governments and international bodies that this change in population structure will bring widespread challenges at every level of human organization, starting with the structure of the family, which will be transformed as people live longer. This will in turn place new burdens on careers and social services providers, D ___ for health services and pensions systems.

“People are living longer and, in some parts of the world, healthier lives,” the authors conclude. “This represents one of the greatest achievements of the last century but also a significant challenge E ___ population.”

Ageing will put pressure on societies at all levels. One way of measuring that is to look at the older dependency ratio, F ___ that must be supported by them. The ODR is the number of people aged 65 and over for every 100 people aged 20 to 64. It varies widely, from just six in Kenya to 33 in Italy and Japan. The UK has an ODR of 26, and the US has 21.

which recently replaced Italy as the world’s oldest major country
alarm about these changes
a huge shift towards an ageing population
change is due to
while patterns of work and retirement will have huge implications
which shows the balance between working-age people and the older
as proportions of older people increase in most countries

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	4	2	5	7	6

Task 15

Elephants sense ‘danger’ clothes

St Andrews University researchers discovered that elephants could recognise the degree of danger posed by various groups of individuals. The study found that African elephants always reacted with fear A ______ previously worn by men of the Maasai tribe. They are known to demonstrate their courage by В ______ .

The elephants also responded aggressively to red clothing, which defines traditional Maasai dress.

However, the elephants showed a much milder reaction to clothing previously worn by the Kamba people, С ______ and pose little threat.

The researchers first presented elephants with clean, red clothing and with red clothing that had been worn for five days by D ______ .

They revealed that Maasai-smelt clothing motivated elephants to travel significantly faster in the first minute after they moved away.

They then investigated whether elephants could also use the colour of clothing as a cue to classify a potential threat and found the elephants reacted with aggression E ______ . This suggested that they associated the colour red with the Maasai.

The researchers believe the distinction in the elephants’ emotional reaction to smell and colour might be explained by F ______ . They might be able to distinguish among different human groups according to the level of risk they posed.

«We regard this experiment as just a start to investigating precisely how elephants ‘see the world’, and it may be that their abilities will turn out to equal or exceed those of our closer relatives, the monkeys and apes,» researchers added.

either a Maasai or a Kamba man
who do not hunt elephants
when they detected the smell of clothes
who carried out the research
the amount of risk they sense
spearing elephants
when they spotted red but not white cloth

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	6	2	1	7	5

Task 16

Culture and customs

In less than twenty years, the mobile telephone has gone from being rare, expensive equipment of the business elite to a pervasive, low-cost personal item. In many countries, mobile telephones A ___ ; in the U.S., 50 per cent of children have mobile telephones. In many young adults’ households it has supplanted the land-line telephone. The mobile phone is В ___ , such as North Korea.

Paul Levinson in his 2004 book Cellphone argues that by looking back through history we can find many precursors to the idea of people simultaneously walking and talking on a mobile phone. Mobile phones are the next extension in portable media, that now can be С ___ into one device. Levinson highlights that as the only mammal to use only two out of our four limbs to walk, we are left two hands free D ___ — like talking on a mobile phone.

Levinson writes that “Intelligence and inventiveness, applied to our need to communicate regardless of where we may be, led logically and eventually to telephones that we E ___ .”

Given the high levels of societal mobile telephone service penetration, it is a key means for people F ___ . The SMS feature spawned the «texting» sub-culture. In December 1993, the first person-to-person SMS text message was transmitted in Finland. Currently, texting is the most widely-used data service; 1.8 billion users generated $80 billion of revenue in 2006.

to perform other actions
outnumber traditional telephones
to communicate with each other
combined with the Internet
to serve basic needs
banned in some countries
carry in our pockets

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	6	4	1	7	5

Task 17

My Stage

My family moved to Rockaway, New Jersey in the summer of 1978. It was there that my dreams of stardom began.

I was nine years old. Heather Lambrix lived next door, and she and I became best friends. I thought she was so lucky A ___ . She took tap and jazz and got to wear cool costumes with bright sequences and makeup and perform on stage. I went to all of her recitals and В ___ .

My living room and sometimes the garage were my stage. I belonged to a cast of four, which consisted of Heather, my two younger sisters, Lisa and Faith, and I. Since I was the oldest and the bossiest, I was the director. Heather came with her own costumes С ___ . We choreographed most of our dance numbers as we went along. Poor Faith … we would throw her around D ___ . She was only about four or five … and so agile. We danced around in our bathing suits to audiocassettes and records from all the Broadway musicals. We’d put a small piece of plywood on the living room carpet, E ___ . And I would imitate her in my sneakers on the linoleum in the hall. I was a dancer in the making.

My dad eventually converted a part of our basement into a small theater. He hung two “spotlights” and a sheet for a curtain. We performed dance numbers to tunes like “One” and “The Music and the Mirror” from A Chorus Line. I sang all the songs from Annie. I loved to sing, F ___. I just loved to sing. So I belted out songs like “Tomorrow”, “Maybe” and “What I Did For Love.” I knew then, this is what I wanted to do with my life.

like she was a rag doll
whether I was good at it or not
wished I, too, could be on stage
and I designed the rest
and I was star struck
so Heather could do her tap routine
because she got to go to dance lessons

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	3	4	1	6	2

Task 18

Cat’s punctuality

Sergeant Podge, a Norwegian Forest Cat, disappears from his owner’s home in a small town in Kent, every night. But what baffles his owner, Liz Bullard, mostly is the fact that the next morning, the 12-year-old cat always pops up in exactly the same place, A ___ . And every morning Ms. Bullard takes her son to school before collecting Sergeant Podge.

She said that the routine had set in earlier this year, when Sergeant Podge disappeared one day. Ms. Bullard spent hours telephoning her neighbours В ___ .

An elderly woman living about one and a half miles away called back to inform Ms. Bullard that she had found a cat matching Sergeant Podge’s description. Ms. Bullard picked him up but within days he vanished from sight again. She rang the elderly woman С ___ .

She said a routine has now become established, where each morning she takes her son to school before driving to collect Sergeant Podge D ___ .

It is thought Sergeant Podge walks across a golf course every night to reach his destination.

Ms. Bullard said: “If it’s raining he may be in the bush but he comes running if I clap my hands.” All she has to do is open the car passenger door from the inside for Sergeant Podge to jump in.

Ms. Bullard also makes the trip at weekends and during school holidays — E ___ .

She does not know why, after 12 years, Sergeant Podge has begun the routine but explained that another woman who lived nearby used to feed him sardines, and that he may be F ___ .

His owner doesn’t mind his wandering off at night as long as she knows where to collect him.

on the look-out for more treats
from the pavement between 0800 and 0815 GMT
to discover Sergeant Podge was back outside her home
on a pavement about one and a half miles (2.4km) away
to identify if anyone had bumped into him
when her son is having a lie-in
collected by car every morning

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	5	3	2	6	1

Task 19

Do you speak English?

When I arrived in England I thought I knew English. After I’d been here an hour I realized that I did not understand one word. In the first week I picked up a tolerable working knowledge of the language and the next seven years convinced me gradually but thoroughly that I A ______ , let alone perfectly. This is sad. My only consolation being that nobody speaks English perfectly.

Remember that those five hundred words an average Englishman uses are B ______ . You may learn another five hundred and another five thousand and yet another fifty thousand and still you may come across a further fifty thousand C ______ .

If you live here long enough you will find out to your greatest amazement that the adjective nice is not the only adjective the language possesses, in spite of the fact that D ______ . You can say that the weather is nice, a restaurant is nice, Mr. Soandso is nice, Mrs. Soandso’s clothes are nice, you had a nice time, E ______ .

Then you have to decide on your accent. The easiest way to give the impression of having a good accent or no foreign accent at all is to hold an unlit pipe in your mouth, to mutter between your teeth and finish all your sentences with the question: “isn’t it?” People will not understand much, but they are accustomed to that and they will get a F ______ .

whatever it costs
most excellent impression
you have never heard of before, and nobody else either
in the first three years you do not need to learn or use any other adjectives
would never know it really well
far from being the whole vocabulary of the language
and all this

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	6	3	4	7	2

Task 20

Before the Hubble Space Telescope was launched, scientists thought they knew the universe. They were wrong.

The Hubble Space Telescope has changed many scientists’ view of the universe. The telescope is named after American astronomer Edwin Hubble, A ______ .

He established that many galaxies exist and developed the first system for their classifications.

In many ways, Hubble is like any other telescope. It simply gathers light. It is roughly the size of a large school bus. What makes Hubble special is not what it is, B ______ .

Hubble was launched in 1990 from the “Discovery” space shuttle and it is about 350 miles above our planet, C ______ .

It is far from the glare of city lights, it doesn’t have to look through the air, D ______ .

And what a view it is! Hubble is so powerful it could spot a fly on the moon. Yet in an average orbit, it uses the same amount of energy as 28100-watt light bulbs. Hubble pictures require no film. The telescope takes digital images E ______ .

Hubble has snapped photos of storms on Saturn and exploding stars. Hubble doesn’t just focus on our solar system. It also peers into our galaxy and beyond. Many Hubble photos show the stars that make up the Milky Way galaxy. A galaxy is a city of stars.

Hubble cannot take pictures of the sun or other very bright objects, because doing so could “fry” the telescope’s instruments, but it can detect infrared and ultra violet light F ______ .

Some of the sights of our solar system that Hubble has glimpsed may even change the number of planets in it.

which is above Earth’s atmosphere.
which are transmitted to scientists on Earth.
which is invisible to the human eye.
who calculated the speed at which galaxies move.
so it has a clear view of space.
because many stars are in clouds of gas.
but where it is.

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	7	1	5	2	3

Task 21

The science of sound, or acoustics, as it is often called, has been made over radically within a comparatively short space of time. Not so long ago the lectures on sound in colleges and high schools dealt chiefly with the vibrations of such things as the air columns in organ pipes. Nowadays, however, thanks chiefly to a number of electronic instruments engineers can study sounds as effectively A ____ . The result has been a new approach to research in sound. Scientists have been able to make far-reaching discoveries in many fields of acoustics B _____ .

Foremost among the instruments that have revolutionized the study of acoustics are electronic sound-level meters also known as sound meters and sound-intensity meters. These are effective devices that first convert sound waves into weak electric signals, then amplify the signals through electronic means C ______ . The intensity of a sound is measured in units called decibels. “Zero” sound is the faintest sound D ______ . The decibel measures the ratio of the intensity of a given sound to the standard “zero” sound. The decibel scale ranges from 0 to 130. An intensity of 130 decibels is perceived not only as a sound, but also E ______ . The normal range of painlessly audible sounds for the average human ear is about 120 decibels. For forms of life other than ourselves, the range can be quite different.

The ordinary sound meter measures the intensity of a given sound, rather than its actual loudness. Under most conditions, however, it is a quite good indicator of loudness. Probably the loudest known noise ever heard by human ears was that of the explosive eruption in August, 1883, of the volcano of Krakatoa in the East Indies. No electronic sound meters, of course, were in existence then, but physicists estimate that the sound at its source must have had an intensity of 190 decibels, F ______ .

and finally measure them.
since it was heard 3,000 miles away.
and they have been able to put many of these discoveries to practical use.
that loud sound is of high intensity.
as they study mechanical forces.
as a painful sensation in the ear.
that the unaided human ear can detect.

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	3	1	7	6	2

Task 22

Chocolate

Chocolate is made from a number of raw and processed foods produced from the seeds of tropical cacao trees. Cacao has been cultivated in A ______ at least 3000 years. For most of this time it was made into a drink called, in translation — “bitter water”. This is because В ______ to be fermented to develop a palatable flavour. After fermentation the beans are dried and roasted and the shell is removed to produce cacao nibs. These are then ground and liquefied into chocolate liquor. The liquor is then processed into cocoa solids or cocoa butter. Pure chocolate contains primarily cocoa solids and butter in different proportions. Much of С ______ with added sugar. Milk chocolate is sweetened chocolate that additionally contains either milk powder or condensed milk. White chocolate on the other D ______ is therefore not a true chocolate. Chocolate contains theobromine and phenethylamine which have physiological effects on the body. It is similar to serotonin levels in the brain. Scientists claim E ______ , can lower blood pressure. Recently, dark chocolate has also been promoted for its health benefits. But pet owners should remember that the presence of theobromine makes it toxic to cats and dogs. Chocolate is now one F______ , although 16 of the top 20 chocolate consuming countries are in Europe. Also interesting is that 66% of world chocolate is consumed between meals.

the chocolate consumed today is made
that chocolate, eaten in moderation
central and southern America for
of the world’s most popular flavours
hand contains no cocoa solids and
cacao seeds are intensely bitter and have
many countries worldwide at

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	6	1	5	2	4

Task 23

Reality TV

Reality TV seems to dominate broadcasting these days. But what is it, how did it emerge and why on earth is it so popular? The first question is easily answered. Reality TV A ______ presents unscripted, dramatic or humorous situations or events. It can involve celebrities В ______ of the public. Reality TV has been gradually growing in importance for over 60 years. “Candid Camera” — the show that filmed ordinary people reacting to set ups and pranks — started in 1948. Some people, however, believe it was the Japanese with their awful shows in the 1980s and 90s that brought reality TV to centre stage. Others believe С ______ that is called “Big Brother” was the show that spawned the reality TV age. But why are the shows so popular? Different theories come to life. Some believe that it is D ______ we like to watch horrible behaviour: the same instinct that once inspired the ancient Romans to go and watch gladiators destroy each other at the Coliseum. Others suggest a kind of voyeurism is involved there — an unhealthy curiosity to spy on other people’s lives.

Whatever the real reason — the trend seems to have already peaked. A lot of such shows E ______ or are expected to go in the near future. And the replacement seems to be talents shows — watching competitions in dance, singing and general entertainment. Does it mean that people are changing? It is too early to say. Most agree that these F ______ .

due to basic human instinct that
is still early to judge
are simply the cycles of fashion
but more usually the stars are members
that the television phenomenon
is a type of programme that
seem to have disappeared

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	4	5	1	7	3

Task 24

Mikhail Lomonosov and Moscow State University

Mikhail Lomonosov was one of the intellectual titans of XVIII century. His interests ranged from history, rhetoric, art and poetry A ______ . Alexander Pushkin described him as В ______ , whose lifelong passion was learning.

Lomonosov’s activity is a manifestation of the enormous potential of the Russian scientific community. Peter I reformed Russia, which allowed the country to reach the standard of С ______ many spheres. Great importance was placed on education. St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, founded by Peter I, established a university and a grammar school to educate intellectuals and researchers the country needed; however, these educational establishments could not fulfill the task they took on. It was Michail Lomonosov D ______ of establishing a university in Moscow. An influential courtier and the E ______ Count Shuvalov supported Lomonosov’s plans for a new university and presented them to the Empress.

In 1755, on 25 January-St. Tatiana’s Day according to the Russian Orthodox Church calendar — Elizaveta signed the decree that a university should be founded in Moscow. The opening ceremony took place on 26 April, when Elizaveta’s coronation day was celebrated. Since 1755 25 January and 26 April F ______ Moscow University; the annual conference where students present the results of their research work is traditionally held in April.

who suggested in his letter to Count Shuvalov the idea
to mechanics, chemistry and mineralogy
a person of formidable willpower and keen scientific mind
favourite of Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, the patron of arts and science
the contemporary European powers in
are marked by special events and festivities at
famous among all educated people

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	3	5	1	4	6

Task 25

Window Shopping

The day would be spent with my best friends Kath and Kate. We are actually three Catherines (by birth spelt with a C), A______ we are all K’s: Kat (that’s me), Kath and Kate — the 3K Window Shopping gang!

Window shopping is simply wonderful. You can look at any outfit. You can try on В ______ not a single item on sale for which the price is a problem. You will try something on, ponder, pout, twirl, think hard, check yourself in the mirror one last time and finally reflect С ______ right for you! The highlight of this regular adventure however, is generally the 3K chocolate and ice cream break in the Shopping Centre’s top floor cafii Of course we do not believe that we are wasting anyone’s time. We do D ______ as well, but a reliable equation for us is — 3Ks + shopping mall = a good time.

But E ______ out to be especially memorable. One of the stores had a questionnaire lottery with the first prize being a voucher worth £200. We filled in the question forms while in the cafiiand returned to the store by their 2.00pm deadline. Kate won the first prize but we had decided in advance that if any of us won something, we would share equally: All for one К and one for all! At this point our morning of window shopping paid off. We completed F ______ slightly less than 10 minutes: three skirts, three hats and three belts and three very OK, K’s.

not like to spend our time
that it’s probably not quite
that particular day turned
our real shopping in
sometimes go shopping for real
anything you want and there is
but when we are together

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	6	2	5	3	4

Task 26

The Hotel

“Have you stayed with us before sir?” asked the receptionist. His accent sounded middle-European; Czech possibly or Polish. Actually I hadn’t stayed at this particular hotel before A ______ to many others from the same chain that I had stayed at. “No — first time” I replied with unnecessary brevity. The thing is I always feel В ______ rather than treated as an individual. Every word that I was about to hear, I had heard before — delivered no doubt from the depths of a tourism and hospitality course. “Welcome to Newcastle sir. Is this your first visit to our city? Can I trouble you to complete this form? Actually the first two lines and the signature at the bottom will do. Would you like С ______ , Sir? This will automatically unlock room facilities like mini-bar and telephone and any other extras you may require. Can I see your passport sir?” The questions and information D ______ responses were actually required and I handed over my passport, credit card and partly filled out form. I was tempted to write under name and address “Donald Duck, Duck Towers, Disney Street” — E ______ ever read the form again. But being a creature of habit I wrote my real name and address. While my card was being processed I looked across the reception area through the wall height windows to the beautiful River Tyne. A wave of nostalgia came over me. It was good to be back. I found myself thinking about her again and wondering F ______ a voice broke in: “It’s a plastic key card sir. You also need it to activate the lift and when you get to your room, plug it into the switch on the left as you open the door. It will automatically supply electricity to the room. Any help with your baggage? No? Then enjoy your stay”. The accomplished young Pole smiled as he delivered the final command and duly processed, I proceeded to the card activated lift.

me to take a print of your credit card
points poured out smoothly, no verbal
if I would even see her when
although it seemed virtually identical
so sure was I that nobody would
me to help you with your luggage
as if I am being processed like a product

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	7	1	2	5	3

Task 27

Lindsay Wildlife Museum

Lindsay Wildlife Museum is a unique natural history and environmental education centre where visitors can listen to the cry of a red-tailed hawk, go eye-to-eye with a grey fox and watch a bald eagle eat lunch. More than fifty species of native California animals are on exhibit here.

Thousands of school children learn about the natural environment in their classrooms A ____ of the museum. Nature- and science- oriented classes and trips are offered for adults and children. More than 600 volunteers help to feed and care for wild animals, В _____. Volunteers are active in the museum’s work, contributing С ____.

The museum was founded by a local businessman, Alexander Lindsay. Sandy, as friends knew him, started teaching neighborhood children about nature in the early 1950s. Initially housed in an elementary school, the museum began offering school-aged children summer classes, D ____.

After nearly a decade of the museum operation, it became apparent E ____. With a new 5,000 square-foot home, the museum could now develop and display a permanent collection of live, native wildlife and natural history objects. People came to the museum for help with wild animals F ___ urban growth. In response, a formal wildlife rehabilitation programme — the first of its kind in the United States of America — began in 1970.

that a permanent, year-round site was necessary
as well as field trips focused on the natural world
many hours of service to wildlife care and fundraising
that had been injured or orphaned because of intense
that needed public attention and a new building
as well as teach children and adults about nature
through education programmes and on-site tours

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	6	3	2	1	4

Task 28

America’s fun place on America’s main street

If any city were considered a part of every citizen in the United States, it would be Washington, DC. To many, the Old Post Office Pavilion serves A ____. If you are in the area, be a part of it all by visiting us — or В ____. Doing so will keep you aware of the latest musical events, great happenings and international dining, to say the least.

Originally built in 1899, the Old Post Office Pavilion embodied the modern spirit С ____. Today, our architecture and spirit of innovation continues to evolve and thrive. And, thanks to forward-thinking people, you can now stroll through the Old Post Office Pavilion and experience both D ____ with international food, eclectic shopping and musical events. All designed to entertain lunch, mid-day and after work audiences all week long.

A highlight of the Old Post Office Pavilion is its 315-foot Clock Tower. Offering a breath-taking view of the city, National Park Service Rangers give free Clock Tower tours every day! Individuals and large tour groups are all welcome. The Old Post Office Clock Tower also proudly houses the official United States Bells of Congress, a gift from England E ____. The Washington Ringing Society sounds the Bells of Congress every Thursday evening and on special occasions.

Visit the Old Post Office Pavilion, right on Pennsylvania Avenue between the White House and the Capitol. It is a great opportunity F ____, this is a landmark not to be missed no matter your age.

that are offered to the visitors
its glamorous past and fun-filled present
as a landmark reminder of wonderful experiences
by joining our e-community
that was sweeping the country
celebrating the end of the Revolutionary War
to learn more about American history

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	4	5	2	6	7

Task 29

Number of teenagers with Saturday job drops

The number of teenagers with Saturday jobs has dropped. Young people do not acquire any experience for their CVs — a crucial step towards getting full-time work. The proportion of teenagers combining part-time jobs with school or college has slumped from 40% in the 1990s to around 20% now, according to the UK Commission for Employment and Skills (UKCES), a government agency. Latest figures show that only A ____ in 1997.

The trend is not just recession-related, but the result of an increasing expectation В ____ well as a falling number of Saturday jobs, according to the report. Many of the jobs that young people do, such as bar work, are in long-term decline, and are forecast to decline further over the next decade.

«Recruiters place significant emphasis on experience С ____,» the report says. Word of mouth is the most common way to get a job, D _____ young people are unable to build up informal contacts, it adds.

Ms. Todd, a commissioner at the UKCES, said: «There’s more emphasis on doing well at school, young people are finding less time to do what they would have done a few years ago.» «I think it’s also the changing structure of the labour market. Retail is still a big employer, E ____. As a consequence, we need to think about how we get young people the work experience they need.»

A new initiative to send employees into state schools to talk about their careers was also launched recently. The scheme, Inspiring the Future, is meant to give state schoolchildren access to the kind of careers advice that private schools offer. The deputy prime minister said: «The power of making connections F ____ and can be life-changing.»

that it was researching the system of funding education after 16
260,000 teenagers have a Saturday job compared with 435,000
but young people are leaving education increasingly less experienced
that inspire young people is immeasurable
but an increasing shortage of work experience means
that young people should stay on at school, as
but a lot more of it is being done online

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	6	3	5	7	4

Task 30

Lots of fun in Cardiff

As you would expect of a capital city, Cardiff offers a huge choice of exciting sport and entertainment throughout the year.

Every March the city celebrates St. David, Wales’ patron saint, with parades and music. August sees the International Festival of Street Entertainment, with the heart of the city A ____. Family fun days in the parks and at the waterfront are part of this sensational summer scene. Brass and military bands are often to be seen on Cardiff s streets. Between May and October the world’s only seagoing paddle steamer cruises from Cardiff’s seaside resort.

In autumn the fun continues with Cardiff s Festival of the Arts В _____. Music is at the centre of the festival, with international stars С ____. Christmas in Cardiff is full of colour and festivities. The truly spectacular Christmas illuminations have earned Cardiff the title of «Christmas City». And there is entertainment for all the family, D ____.

There is always something happening in Cardiff. The BBC National Orchestra of Wales and Welsh National Opera can both be heard here. Cardiff previews many London «West End» shows E _____.

The city’s range of accommodation facilities is truly impressive, F ____. And with a city as compact as Cardiff there are places to stay in all price brackets.

from international names to family-run guest houses
joining some of Wales’ most talented musicians
having their summer holidays in Cardiff
that usually attract hundreds of theatre lovers
which features music, film, literature and graphics
from pantomimes to Christmas tree celebrations
beating with dance and theatrical performances

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	5	2	6	4	1

Task 31

Changing image

For more than 200 years Madame Tussaud’s has been attracting tourists from all over the world and it remains just as popular as it ever was. There are many reasons for this enduring success, but at the heart of it all is good, old-fashioned curiosity.

Madame Tussaud’s original concept has entered a brand new era of interactive entertainment A _____. Today’s visitors are sent on a breathtaking journey in black cabs through hundreds of years of the past. They have a unique chance to see the great legends of history, В _____ of politics.

Much of the figure construction technique follows the traditional pattern, beginning whenever possible with the subject С _____ and personal characteristics. The surprising likeliness of the wax portraits also owes much to many stars D _____, either by providing their stage clothes, or simply giving useful advice.

The museum continues constantly to add figures E ____ popularity. The attraction also continues to expand globally with established international branches in New York, Hong Kong, Amsterdam and many other cities. And they all have the same rich mix of interaction, authenticity and local appeal.

The museum provides a stimulating and educational environment for schoolchildren. Its specialists are working together with practicing teachers and educational advisors to create different programmes of activities, F ____.

as well as resources on art, technology and drama
as well as the idols of popular music and the icons
who is sitting to determine exact measurements
ranging from special effects to fully animated figures
ranging from all kinds of souvenirs to sports equipment
that reflect contemporary public opinion and celebrity
who are eager to help in any possible way they can

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	2	3	7	6	1

Task 32

Saturday jobs: memories of weekend working

Research has shown a sharp fall in the number of teenagers who do Saturday jobs. It seems such a shame — my Saturday job as a kitchen porter was something of a rite of passage. I’ll never forget long hours A _____, scouring grease off huge saucepans and griddles. Working atmosphere there helped me grow a thicker skin, develop quicker banter and, most importantly, taught me the value of hard work. It also resulted in a steady supply of cash, В ____. I’m not the only one who has strong memories of weekend work. DJ Trevor Nelson said everyone should be able to have a Saturday job: «It taught me a lot, С ____.»

The link between the type of Saturday job a celebrity performed and their later career is sometimes obvious. Dragon’s Den star and businessman Peter Jones, for example, showed early promise by starting his own business. «I passed my Lawn Tennis Association coaching exam, D ____,» he explains. «At the start I was coaching other kids, E ____, for which I could charge £25-30 an hour. While my friends on milk rounds were getting £35 a week, I was doing five hours on a Saturday and earning four times as much.»

Skier Chemmy Alcott got a job working for the Good Ski Guide, on the advertising side. «It became clear to me what my personal value to companies could be. It led directly to me finding my head sponsor … and it offered me an eight-year contract. That gave me the financial backing F ____.»

As part of its response to the Saturday job statistics, the UK Commission for Employment and Skills said a lack of early work opportunities makes it harder for young people to acquire experience for their СVs.

and things would be different if everyone was given the chance
which let me know he approved of me
and I persuaded my local club to let me use a court on Saturdays
which I needed to become a professional skier
which I would happily spend as I liked
that I spent in the kitchen of a busy country pub in East Sussex
but soon I got adults wanting to book lessons

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	5	1	3	7	4

Task 33

Orient Express

In the early 1860s, trains were the preferred way to travel. They weren’t particularly comfortable, however, until American engineer George Mortimer Pullman decided to make trains more luxurious.

By the late 1860s, trains furnished not only sleeping cars, but kitchen and dining facilities, where A _____. This was innovative for the time, and was aimed to encourage people В _____. The first of these Pullman trains in England ran from London to Brighton and used electricity for illumination.

In 1881, another railway entrepreneur, George Nagelmacker, introduced the use of a restaurant car onboard, and the first Orient Express train service was begun. Running from Paris to Romania the route included Strasbourg, Vienna, Budapest and Bucharest.

Thanks to the 12 mile Simplon Tunnel, С _____, the Orient Express expanded, including a route to Istanbul, and the legendary romance of the Orient Express was in full swing.

Everyone in the social register, including royalty, chose to travel on the wheels of that luxury hotel D _____ in wealthy surroundings. Legends, stories, and intrigue surrounded those trips to exotic places, and those famous people E _____.

Unfortunately, during World War II this luxury travel was closed for the most part, and later, after the war, F ____ to start it again. Within the next few years airplane travel became popular, and train passenger service declined.

elegant meals were served to passengers
to use trains for long distance travel and vacations
who rode the train
who wrote about it
which connected Switzerland and Italy
that served dishes and wines
there was no money

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
1	2	5	6	3	7

Task 34

Arizona’s world class cruise

Spectacular Canyon Lake is situated in the heart of the Superstition Mountains in Arizona, giving home to the Dolly Steamboat. The Dolly Steamboat, A ____, now cruises the secluded inner waterways of this beautiful lake. It is worth exploring this favourite destination of President Theodore Roosevelt who declared, «The Apache Trail and surrounding area combines the grandeur of the Alps, the glory of the Rockies, the magnificence of the Grand Canyon and then adds something В ____.» You will marvel as you travel up to the national forest, which provides the most inspiring and beautiful panorama С ____. Every trip brings new discoveries of rock formations, geological history, and the flora and fauna distinct to the deserts of Arizona.

Once aboard the Dolly Steamboat, you may view the majestic desert big horn sheep, bald eagles and a host bird of other wildlife, water fowl, D ____. Experience the unique sound harmony that is created by the waters of Canyon Lake. Stretch out and relax at one of the tables or stand next to the railings on the deck. There is plenty of leg room on the Dolly. You will get a unique chance to listen to the captain E ____.

All the passengers are treated with outstanding service and personal attention to every need. Feel free to ask questions, move about and mingle with the crew. So enjoy an unforgettable vacation cruise and see F ____ ,like a ride on Arizona’s Dolly Steamboat.

that nature has ever created in the wild
that none of the others have
hovering over the magnificent lake
who retells the legends of the mysterious past
for yourself why there is nothing quite
who pays much attention to children’s safety
continuing a tradition of cruising since 1925

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	2	1	3	4	5

Task 35

US Congress

The Congress of the United States of America is an important part of the US federal government.

It is an assembly of elected representatives A ____ but not to select the chief executive of the nation; that individual is elected by the people.

Congress is not a single organization; it is a vast and complex collection of organizations B ____ and through which members of Congress form alliances.

C ____, in which political parties are the only important kind of organization, parties are only one of many important units in Congress.

In fact other organizations have grown in number D ____.

The Democrats and Republicans in the House and the Senate are organized by party leaders, E ____ within the House and Senate. The party structure is essentially the same in the House as in the Senate, though the titles of various posts are different.

But leadership carries more power in the House than in the Senate because of the House rules. F _____, the House must restrict debate and schedule its business with great care; thus leaders who do the scheduling and who determine how the rules shall be applied usually have substantial influence.

as party influence has declined
against the spirit of the Constitution
being so large (435 members)
empowered to make laws
unlike the British Parliament
by which the business of Congress is carried on
who in turn are elected by the full party membership

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	6	5	1	7	3

Task 36

The Trailblazers

In the early 1800s, the area that would become the western United States was completely undeveloped.

Explorers, hunters, traders, and settlers had to blaze their own trails. A____ to move possessions and supplies became common place.

Manifest Destiny was the belief that Americans had a God-given right to take over the continent. As they moved west, settlers used this policy B_____ to new people and territories.

Trails increased trade opportunities between western and eastern regions, and the U.S. economy prospered C_____ on each other for goods.

To achieve Manifest Destiny, the United States purchased land from other countries or conquered territory D_____ until its borders stretched from coast to coast.

More than one-half million people chose to travel West on trails between 1800 and 1870, E_____.

As new technology spread across the West, however, the use of trails came to an end. The railroads built thousands of miles of tracks, and, F ____, a cheap, relatively safe, and quick way to transport people and supplies to western areas existed.

to spread U.S. ideas and government
for the first time in history
thus replacing them forever
as territories became interdependent
the use of covered wagons
by taking land from Native peoples
forming the largest mass migration in history

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	1	4	6	7	2

Task 37

A Young Mayor

This is a very unusual case, but as you will see, unusual doesn’t mean impossible.

An 18-year-old school girl has become the youngest mayor of a British town in history. Amanda Bracebridge, A_____, won leadership of Clun village council in a dramatic election last night. The tiny village only has 122 voters and Amanda won the election by just two votes from the only other candidate, 69-year-old Fred Gardner of the Conservative party. Amanda, B _____, was an independent candidate. She was surprised by her success, C _____. “My election promise was to make sure D _____,” she told us. She was referring to the plans from a large company to buy up farmland and build flats there. “We live in one of the most beautiful villages in Shropshire and I want to make sure it stays that way.”

Amanda, who is in her last year at nearby Bishop’s Castle High School, E _____ and her exams which she takes in two months. “It’s going to be a pretty busy few months,” she said. “But when the exams are over I will be able to concentrate completely on helping my village”.

Amanda had plans to go to university but is now going to start a year later F _____. “I’ve talked to Leeds University and they say my place will wait for me”. And what is she going to study? Politics? “No, actually, I am going to do sociology and economics”.

who is not a member of any political party
that our village would be protected from outside interests
but it was not a total shock to her
being a politics student at the university
so she can do her job as mayor properly
who is only just old enough to vote herself
will have to find time for her work as mayor

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	1	3	2	7	5

Task 38

Is there enough to say?

They only appeared about ten years ago but already they are everywhere, everyone’s got one. They are the wonder of the modern age — mobile phones, or cell phones, A ____. Apparently, mobile phones are now used by about 2.5 billion people worldwide, and about one billion new mobile phones are sold every year worldwide. Go back to 1997, and only 100 million were sold. As we can see, the mobile phone business B_____.

And the developments keep on coming. Once we could only make phone calls; now mobile phones C_____ and do many other useful things. Once we had to hold our mobile phones in our hand; now we can use throat microphones. What next? We are told that soon, tiny microphones will be implanted into our lips. We’ll be able to dial numbers just by saying them.

But surely we need to ask ourselves: What’s good about this? OK, we can talk to other people almost all the time now — but is that so great? Watch and listen to people when a plane has landed. Anxious D _____, dial a number, and then: “It’s me, I’m here. I’ll be there in twenty minutes.” Is this communication? Is this what all these years of technology have brought us to?

In the early days of communication there were letters. When they arrived at your house, you knew they had been delivered by a man E _____.

In those days, people would think very hard before they wrote a letter. You had to have a good reason to write — communication was serious. Now it’s not — people phone each other F ____. Once the phone was a way for people far away from each other to talk — now it’s just an excuse to talk.

has been developed very quickly
not understand why they are doing it for
as Americans call them
riding halfway across the country on a horse
just because they can
can also be used to take and send photos
fingers immediately switch on the mobile phone

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	1	6	7	4	5

Task 39

Promoting language learning

The European Union (EU) is committed to supporting the rights of its citizens to personal and professional mobility, and their ability to communicate with each other. It does so by A_____ to promote the teaching and learning of European languages. These programmes have at least one thing in common: they cover cross-border projects involving partners from two, and often three or more, EU countries.

The EU programmes are designed to complement the national education policies of member countries. Each government is responsible for its own national education policy, B_____. What the EU programmes do is to create links between countries and regions via joint projects, C____.

Since 2007 the main programmes have been put under the overall umbrella of the EU’s lifelong learning programme. All languages are eligible for support under this programme: official languages, regional, minority and migrant languages, D____. There are national information centres in each country, E_____.

The cultural programmes of the EU also promote linguistic and cultural diversity in a number of ways. The “Media” programme funds the dubbing and subtitling of European films for F ____. The “Culture” programme builds cross-cultural bridges by supporting the translation of modern authors into other EU languages.

and the languages of the EU’s major trading partners
which includes language teaching and learning
cinemas and television in other EU countries
which enhance the impact of language teaching and learning
funding a number of educational programmes
and encouraging people to learn new languages
where details about the application procedures are given

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	2	4	1	7	3

Task 40

Starting your own business

What are the reasons for starting your own business? One of them is because you believe you are the best in that line or because you have a product or service that has never been offered to the market before. Another is that you are a person in a real hurry and cannot suffer the A_____ to reach your goals. Sometimes it is because you have an inheritance B_____ soon after you set up a business or that there already is a cash purse with loose strings and you want to make the best of this bonanza.

If your reasons are any or all of the above, abandon the thought right now and save yourself the disillusionment C____ into the world of commerce.

Start your own business just for the sake of doing a trade, or for D____. Do not burden yourself with lofty notions of superiority when compared to your peers. When setting out to start your own business, be emotional about it, but not impractical; don’t be led by your heart, but be dictated by your mind.

Having covered those parts that are not taught in a business school, let us look at E____ your own business. You should start with a SWOT analysis – strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats – analyze these for yourself, for partners in your business, if any, and for the business itself.

If the result of the analysis is encouraging, then prepare a business plan. It is like a road map for actions in the near foreseeable future to achieve your business goals. Finally, execute the business plan with precision; tweak it as you go along, only so that it helps to meet the end goal of successfully F_____ the business.

the essentials of starting
that awaits when you step
trials and tribulations of employment
establishing and conducting
preparing a business plan
waiting to be acquired
undertaking the commercial activity

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	6	2	7	1	4

Task 41

Archaeology done underwater

Nautical archaeology is the science of finding, collecting, preserving, and studying human objects that have become lost or buried under water. It is a fairly modern field of study since it depends on having the technology to be able to remain underwater for some time to do real work. Whether it is conducted in freshwater or in the sea, A____, nautical archaeology is another way of learning more about the human past.

Although some use the words nautical archaeology to mean a specialized branch of underwater archaeology, B____, most consider the term to mean the same as the words underwater archaeology or marine

archaeology. All of these interchangeable terms mean simply C_____.

Once real trade began, it is safe to say D_____ was probably transported over water at some point in time. By studying submerged objects, we can learn more about past human cultures. In fact, studying ancient artifacts is the only way to learn anything about human societies E_____. Being able to examine the actual objects made and used by ancient people not only adds to the written records they left behind, but allows us to get much closer to the reality of what life was like when they lived. Also, if we pay close attention to how the objects were made and used, we begin to get a more realistic picture of F_____.

that existed long before the invention of writing
that nearly every object made by humans
what those people were really like
which is concerned only with ships and the history of seafaring
that it is the study of archaeology done underwater
and whether it finds sunken ships or old cities
and what was discovered underwater

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	4	5	2	1	3

Task 42

Visiting the Royal Parks

London has a well-deserved reputation as one of the greenest cities in Europe, with a huge number of open spaces across the center of the city. Tourists A_____ can always relax in a lovely, quiet London park.

The Royal Parks, such as St James’s, Green Park, the Regent’s Park, Hyde Park, Richmond, Greenwich, Bushy Park and Kensington Gardens, are beautifully maintained and popular with locals and visitors alike. Many are former hunting estates of English monarchs, preserved as open space B______. They are ideal places to relax and sunbathe in summer, enjoy gorgeous flower beds in spring C_____.

The Royal Parks provide fantastic green routes in London D______ and through some of the most attractive areas of the capital. Picnics in the parks are also a popular activity especially during the busy summer months.

Dogs are welcome in all the Royal Parks, although there are some places E_____. These are clearly indicated within each park and are usually ecologically sensitive sites, children’s play areas, restaurants, cafes and some sports areas. Ground nesting birds are particularly sensitive to disturbance by dogs and people. So it is necessary to observe the warning signs F____. In Bushy Park and Richmond Park dogs should be kept away from the deer.

The Royal Parks are for everyone to enjoy.

that are displayed during the nesting season
while the city has grown up around them
and admire the changing leaves as autumn arrives
where they are not allowed or should be kept on a lead
who are tired of the noise, crowds and excitement of sightseeing
who does not know the route to the place of destination
that take cyclists away from traffic

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	2	3	7	4	1

Task 43

The Survival of the Welsh Language

Wales is a small country of just over 3 million people, on the north west seaboard of Europe. Despite many historical incursions of other peoples, particularly the English, it has preserved its ancient Celtic language, A_____. Welsh is habitually spoken by about 10% of the people, half understood by a further 10%, and not spoken at all by the majority in this ‘bilingual’ society.

Up to the First World War most people were Welsh speaking, especially in the mountains of North Wales. The English-speaking areas were along the more fertile coastal plains. On the whole there was an easy tolerance of the two languages, B______.

By 1919 there was a considerable drop in Welsh speakers. This was due to the large flows of capital investment from England into the South Wales coalfield, C_____.

Now, D_____, commerce and everyday business were carried out in English.

In the rural mountain areas 80% to 85% of the population were Welsh speakers, E ____. However, in the coalfield country of Glamorgan 70% spoke English only, and in its neighbour border county the figure was over 90%.

By 1931 the number of people able to speak Welsh in the whole of Wales had fallen to 37% of the population, F ____. It continued to drop and reached its lowest – 18.6% — in the 1990s. But by the start of the 21st century, numbers had begun to increase again and reached 21.7% in 2004!

as well as education and the law
the only one of a number of allied languages that remain
with radio and the English press further speeding the decline
many being able to speak Welsh only
where Welsh was studied as language and literature in an academic manner
apart from the fact that Welsh was not permitted to be used at all in the schools
bringing a flood of immigrant labour from all over Britain

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	6	7	1	4	3

Task 44

Secrets of Long Life

There are places in the world where people live longer than anywhere else. The remote Japanese island of Okinawa is one of these places. While the lifespan in Britain is 77 years for men and 81 for women, Okinawa has a population of about one million, of which 900 are centenarians — A_____ in Britain or the USA. So what is their secret of long life?

«The calendar may say they’re 80, but their body says they’re 60,» says Bradley Willcox, a scientist researching the extraordinary phenomenon. The research has shown hormonal differences between Okinawans and B____ but their longevity has been linked to diet. They eat more tofu and soya than any other people in the world and also enjoy a range of different fruit and vegetables, all rich in anti-oxidants. But the most significant thing isn’t what they eat but how much. The Okinawans C_____ known as ‘hara hachi bu’, which translates as ‘eat until you are only 80 % full’.

Scientists refer to this way of eating as ‘caloric restrictions’. No-one knows exactly why it works, but scientists believe it D_____ that there is the danger of famine. This in turn E_____ and so may lead to better preservation and slower aging.

«It’s a stark contrast with the cultural habits that drive food consumption in F____ » says Mr. Willcox. If we look at high streets and supermarkets in most other countries, you will see that he is right. Restaurants offer all-you-can-eat menus and supersize portions. Supermarkets are full of special offers encouraging us to buy more food than we need.

make it a healthy diet
other parts of the world
four times higher than the average
have a cultural tradition
sends a signal to the body
the rest of the population
makes the body protect itself

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	6	4	5	7	2

Task 45

Beaches of Portugal

Covering more than 850 km, the Portuguese coast boasts such a large number of fine, white sandy beaches that it is almost impossible to keep count. All bathed by the Atlantic Ocean and all different, their beauty is hard to describe, so there is nothing better A _____.

The most famous are in the Algarve. With three thousand hours of sun per year and warm waters, there are beaches to suit every taste and many dreamlike resorts. The choices are many, from sandy stretches extending as far as the eye can see B ______, the trade image of the region. They are always accompanied by a calm clear sea, C_____.

In Costa da Caparica, the beaches are particularly dear to Lisbonites D _____ for sun and sea bathing. There are deserted beaches here too, of a wild beauty, E ____ nature. In the centre, tourists will find very wide sandy stretches, to which traditional fishing adds a picturesque touch. And further north, the colder waters and the invigorating sea are tempered by the welcoming atmosphere and the clean air of the mountains and the forests.

Despite all their differences, all beaches share one thing – quality. They are safe and offer a wide range of support and recreational services, F ____. And a large number of Portuguese beaches are granted the European blue flag every year, a distinction that is a sign of their excellent conditions.

where one can enjoy close contact with
which meet every need of their users
than to discover them once for oneself
who has never been to this wonderful city
which is ideal for various water sports
to the smaller coves, sheltered by huge cliffs
who have different options around the capital

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	6	5	7	1	2

Task 46

The Joy of Reading

Have you ever wondered why people read? Why reading is one of the few things A _____ for thousands of years? Even before reading became available to the general public, stories were told around campfires, passed down from generation to generation.

First of all, stories are a good way to escape from your ordinary life, to get immersed in another world, if only for a little time. While reading, you can imagine yourself in different situations B _____, but in the moment that doesn’t matter. Whether you’re suffering from depression or are just bored, reading is a great distraction.

Similarly, another reason people are attracted to stories, is because they are lonely, very often they feel as if they are the only ones in the world C _____. Identifying with a fictional character can make a big difference in helping a person understand D _____.

Other people read because it can be a good way to relax. It can be very nice to sit down and enjoy a good plot unfold, to watch the actions of fictional characters from the side, and to see the consequences of these actions, E ____.

Lastly, people read because it is the easiest way to gain knowledge in a certain area. Instead of finding a teacher, you can just find a book, sit down, and spend a few hours reading. This way you can study wherever you want, whenever you want F _____.

There are countless books in the world, and whoever you are, whatever you’re feeling, there is definitely a book out there, just waiting for you to discover it.

try to avoid the boredom of life
that has consistently remained part of society
that they are not alone
going through something difficult
without having to bear any responsibility
that range from unlikely to impossible
at your own pace

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	6	4	3	5	7

Task 47

Peter and Paul Fortress

The Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, located on small Hare Island, is the historic core of the city. The history of St. Petersburg begins with the history of the fortress.

Since 1700 Russia had been fighting the Northern War against Sweden. By 1703 the lands by the Neva River were conquered. To protect them from the attacks of the Swedes it was necessary to build a strong outpost here. The fortress was founded on Hare Island 16 (27) May, 1703 by joint plan of Peter I and French engineer Joseph-Gaspard Lambert de Guerin. This day is well known A____.

The fortress stretches from west to east with six bastions B____. The Peter’s Gate on the east side, C____, has remained since the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Cathedral, D____ emperors and the monument of Russian baroque, was completed after the death of the emperor, in 1733. The weathervane as a golden angel with a cross, E____, is one of the main symbols of the city. On the opposite side of the cathedral, there is the Mint building, constructed in the time of Paul I by architect A. Porto. Coinage was moved to the fortress F____ in the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Fortress has never directly participated in any fighting. From the very beginning of its existence it was used as a political prison. Since 1924 the Peter and Paul Fortress has been a part of the Museum of the History of St. Petersburg.

as the day of the birth of St. Petersburg
which was designed by D. Trezzini
which was the burial place of Russian
and reminding of the rich history of the city
as the most protected part of the city
which is located on the spire of the cathedral
that are located at the corners

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
1	7	2	3	6	5

Task 48

Surviving in a Desert

A desert is defined as a place that gets less than 250 mm of rain each year. It differs sharply from the climate of a rain forest, A _____.

Arid desert lands cover about one third of the earth’s surface. Most deserts are covered with sand, B _____. There are also usually a lot of rocky areas. This combination of sand and rock means that the soil is not very fertile. C ____, some living things are able to do well in this setting. Many plants have changed and developed in ways D____. These changes have become apparent in a number of ways. Some plants are able to grow very quickly E____. They turn green and produce flowers within just a few days. Other desert plants simply stop growing in very dry weather. They appear to be dead, but when the rain returns, they come back to life and begin growing again.

Desert animals have also developed many characteristics that help them to survive in arid environment. Camels can go for a very long time without drinking. Other animals, such as snakes and rats, find cool places to sleep during the day and come out only at night. The extremely long ears of desert rabbits help them F_____. Changes like these have allowed some animals and plants to grow and develop successfully in a very challenging ecological system: the desert.

There are countless books in the world, and whoever you are, whatever you’re feeling, there is definitely a book out there, just waiting for you to discover it.

which is often in the form of hills called sand dunes
whenever it rains
to find water as far as 25 metres away
which can receive up to 10,000 mm of rain annually
to better distribute their body heat and stay cool
even though the desert environment is very dry and hot
that help them to live in the desert

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	1	6	7	2	5

Task 49

Nevsky Prospect

Nevsky Prospect is the main and most famous street of St. Petersburg. The unique architectural ensemble of Nevsky Prospect was formed during the 18th – early 20th centuries. It starts from the bank of the Neva River, runs through the centre of the city and ends at the Neva River. The whole history of St. Petersburg can be seen in the history of the avenue. Nevsky Prospect is 4.5 km long and 25-60 m wide. The narrowest section is located from the Admiralty to the Moika River, A_____.

After the construction of the Admiralty in 1704 and the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in 1710, it was decided to build a road B_____ each other and with the Novgorod Path, which was used by Russian merchants. The construction began on both sides at the same time, the roads were laid through the wood, and in 1760s they were connected into one road, C_____, but with a turn at the Vosstaniya Square. Nevsky Prospect got its name only in 1783. The road was paved with cobble stones, D_____. It was the first street in St. Petersburg with gas lighting. By the early 20th century Nevsky Prospect had become the financial centre of Russia E____ had their offices there.

Nowadays, Nevsky Prospect is the centre of cultural and social life of St. Petersburg. There are museums, theatres, exhibition halls, cinemas, restaurants, cafés, shops F____.

and hotels there or nearby the avenue
showing the original width of the avenue
which was not as straight as it was planned
which were built by famous architects and
connecting these two important structures with
and a few rows of trees were planted along the street
as the 40 largest banks of Russia, Europe and America

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	5	3	6	7	1

Task 50

Whales in a Noisy Ocean

Whales use sound in very different ways. Some whales produce songs that travel over vast distances. They also use echolocation, like bats, A _____. But other noise in the ocean creates a problem for the whales.

Since 1987, the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) has sent their research vessel Song of the Whale around the world B _____. During the travels, the Song of the Whale scientists have developed expertise C ____ to listen to and record the sounds that the animals make. Thishelps them to track, identify, and survey different species.

One of the threats facing whales and other marine animals is noise pollution in the seas, such as noise from drilling, military activities, oil exploration, and coastal construction. This noise can cause great distress to whales and dolphins and can D _____.

It is feared this noise pollution may cause mass strandings, E _____. If the Song of the Whale team can F ____, then hopefully the nature and location of disturbing noise can be changed.

in using underwater microphones
to locate food and find their way
result in injury and even death
track and identify their habitats
to filter out food from the water
to provide a platform for marine research
when large numbers come ashore

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	6	1	3	7	4

Task 51

Unique nature of Kamchatka

Kamchatka is a peninsula located in the north-eastern part of Russia. It is surrounded with the Okhotskoye Sea, the Beringovo Sea and the Pacific Ocean. This region has a very unique environment A_____ one is looking for picturesque views, unforgettable travels and unity with nature.

Kamchatka is famous for its volcanoes, B_____. Volcanoes are represented on Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, the most eastern city in the northern hemisphere, coat of arms as well. There are more than 300 volcanoes

in Kamchatka, from 28 up to 36 of them are active, or potentially active. Kamchatka volcanoes are included in the list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

The region is also known C____ — rivers and lakes. Many Kamchatka rivers spring from mountain tops and glaciers, that is why they are very clean, and it is wonderful for those D_____. In general, there are up to 14 thousand rivers and streams, 100 thousand lakes and 414 glaciers in Kamchatka.

Kamchatka is a home to the Valley of Geysers, E_____ geysers in the world, after Icelandic geyser fields. It is not easily accessible, as long as it is too unique to be opened for tourists all the time. The Valley of Geysers’ ecosystem is very vulnerable, F_____ and regulate the visiting. In fact, the larger part of Kamchatka is preserved. There are many nature reserves and nature parks in Kamchatka.

which are depicted on most souvenirs there
so it is necessary to monitor it all the time
who love fishing, including Kamchatka bears
which has the second largest concentration of
to be a place of many water sources
to be a popular nature reserve and health resort
that makes it a place to visit when

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	1	5	3	4	2

Task 52

The life of Pi

«The Life of Pi» published in 2001 is the third book by the Canadian author Yann Martel. It has A_____, won several prizes and been translated into forty-one languages.

At the start of the book, we B____ in India. His father owns the city zoo and the family home is in the zoo. When they aren’t at school, Pi and his brother help their father at the zoo and he learns a lot about animals.

When Pi is sixteen, his parents decide to close the zoo and move to Canada. They travel by ship taking the animals with them. On the way, there is C_____. Sadly, Pi’s family and the sailors all die in the storm, but Pi lives and finds himself in a lifeboat with a hyena, zebra, orangutan and an enormous tiger. At first, Pi is scared of the animals and jumps into the ocean. Then he remembers there are sharks in the water and decides to climb back into the lifeboat. One by one, the animals in the lifeboat kill and eat each other, till only Pi and the tiger are left alive. Luckily for Pi, there is D_____, but he soon needs to start catching fish. He feeds the tiger to stop it killing and eating him. He also uses a whistle and E_____ and show it that he’s the boss.

Pi and the tiger spend 227 days in the lifeboat. They live through terrible storms and the burning heat of the Pacific sun. They are often hungry and ill. Finally, they arrive at the coast of Mexico, but you will have to F_____ in the end!

read the book to find out what happens
some food and water on the lifeboat
his knowledge of animals to control the tiger
received an award for being strong
sold seven million copies worldwide
learn about Pi’s childhood in Pondicherry
a terrible storm and the ship sinks

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	6	7	2	3	1

Task 53

Santa Claus

The man we know as Santa Claus has a history all to his own. Today, he is thought of mainly as the jolly man in red, but his story A_____ the 3rd century to a monk named St. Nicholas. It is believed that Nicholas was born sometime around 280 AD in modern-day Turkey. Much admired for his kindness, St. Nicholas B_____. It is said that he gave away all of his inherited wealth and traveled the countryside helping the poor and sick. Over the course of many years, Nicholas’s popularity spread and he became known as the protector of children and sailors. His feast day C_____ his death, December 6. This was traditionally considered a lucky day to make large purchases or to get married. By the Renaissance, St. Nicholas was the most popular saint in Europe.

St. Nicholas first D______ at the end of the 18th century. The name Santa Claus evolved from a Dutch shortened form of Sint Nikolaas. As his popularity grew, Sinter Klaas was described as everything from a jocker with a blue three-cornered hat, red waistcoat, and yellow stockings to a man wearing a broad-brimmed hat and a huge pair of Flemish trousers.

In the 19th centuries big stores E_____ using images of the newly-popular Santa Claus. In 1841, thousands of children visited a Philadelphia shop to see a life-size Santa Claus model. It F_____ before stores began to attract children, and their parents, with the lure of a peek at the “real-life” Santa Claus with his famous white beard and red gown.

began to advertise Christmas shopping
became the subject of many legends
began dressing up unemployed men in
is celebrated on the anniversary of
was only a matter of time
stretches all the way back to
appeared in American popular culture

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	2	4	7	1	5

Task 54

Welcome to the Smithsonian

When you visit any of the Smithsonian’s 19 museums and galleries or the National zoo, you are entering the largest museum complex in the world. This complex holds about 137 million unique objects in its trust for the American people.

The Smithsonian was established in 1846 with funds given to the United States by James Smithson, an English scientist. The main idea was to increase and spread knowledge for free. And now all Smithsonian institutions are still devoted to public education, A__________ history.

Ten Smithsonian museums and galleries are located in the centre of the U.S. capital. Six other museums and the National zoo are nearby in the Washington metropolitan area, B__________.

The 19th and the newest museum C__________ is the National Museum of African American history and culture. It is now operating in the form of a virtual museum. Its key feature is the memory book, D__________. These diverse memories are linked to each other and to the museum content, E__________.

The Smithsonian complex is home to the world’s foremost research centres in science, the arts and the humanities. Besides the basic research F__________, there are a number of special facilities. Conservation centre at the zoo studies rare and endangered species, environment centre carries out research in ecosystems in the coastal area.

that is carried on regularly in each of the museums
providing different materials in the arts, science and
placing a spotlight on people and events in African American history
that has been established within the Smithsonian complex
which allows website visitors to upload their own stories or images
and visitors can enjoy watching rare exhibits on
and two museums are situated in New York City

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	7	4	5	3	1

Task 55

National Gallery of Art

The National Gallery of Art was created in Washington D.C. for the people of the United States in 1937. It started with the gift of the financier and art collector A__________. His gift also included a building to house the new museum, to be constructed on the National Mall. Opened to the public in 1941, this grand building, B__________, was at the time the largest marble structure in the world.

The newly created National Gallery soon attracted similar gifts from hundreds of other collectors. This tradition of generosity continues to this day with gifts from private donors and artists C__________.

The gallery’s East building contains the collection of modern and contemporary painting, sculpture, D__________. The East and West buildings are connected by an underground tunnel with a moving walkway.

The National Gallery enjoys federal support, E__________, to fulfill its mission to exhibit and interpret great works of European and American art in the nation’s collection. Since its founding, federal funds have fostered the protection and care of the art collection and have supported the gallery’s work, ensuring F__________. Private funding helped to create a renowned collection of works of art and to construct the two landmark buildings. Private support makes possible to arrange a changing programme of special exhibitions.

which is now called the West building
that the gallery brings daily profit to the country
who are willing to share their possessions with the public
who presented old master paintings and sculptures to the country
as well as partnership with private organizations
that the gallery is open daily and free of charge
as well as an advanced research centre and an art library

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	1	3	7	5	6

Task 56

Healthy school meals

Children at Southdown Infants School in Bath enjoy tasty homemade meals such as roast turkey with fresh vegetables, chicken, salad and fresh fruit for pudding. Vegetables are A ____________. Instead of crisps, chocolate and sweets, the school canteen serves organic carrots, dried fruit and fresh seasonal fruit in bags for 10p, B ______________.

Southdown’s healthy eating initiative began four years ago with the start of a breakfast club.

Now Ms Culley, the head teacher of the school, says that the teachers very clearly see the link between diet and concentration. “Children’s concentration and behaviour C ______________.” The teachers would also like to give the children the experience of eating together. It turned out that some children weren’t used to that.

Pupils are also encouraged to find out more about where their food comes from by D ______________.

Parents are also involved and are invited in to try school dinners on special occasions, E _______________.

The efforts of staff, pupils and parents to create a healthy eating environment were recognized earlier this month F ______________ the Best School Dinner award.

Ms Culley said: “We are happy to win this award. Healthy eating is at the centre of everything we do. It’s really rewarding to see so many children enjoy real food.”

such as Easter and Christmas
visiting a local farm
local, fresh and organic where possible
provide good quality food
definitely improve after a good meal
and about 100 bags are sold each day
when the school was awarded

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	6	5	2	1	7

Task 57

Walking is not enough to keep fit

Walking may not be enough on its own to produce significant health benefits, research suggests. A team from Canada’s University of Alberta compared a 10,000-step exercise programme with a more traditional fitness regime of moderate intensity. Researchers found improvements A _______ were significantly higher in the second group. They told an American College of Sports Medicine meeting that gentle exercise was B __________. In total 128 people took C _________. The researchers assessed influence on fitness by measuring blood pressure and lung capacity. They found out the 10,000-step programme did help to get people motivated – and was an excellent way to start D _________. But to increase the effectiveness, some intensity must be added to their exercise. “Across your day, while you are achieving those 10,000 steps, take 200 to 400 of them at a faster pace. You’ve got to do more than light exercise and include regular moderate activity, and don’t be shy to have an occasional period of time at an energetic level.” The researchers were concerned there was too much focus E __________, rather than on its intensity.

Professor Stuart Biddle, an expert in exercise science at the University of Loughborough, said it was possible that the current guidelines on how much exercise to take were set too low. “However, you have got to find F ____. The harder you make it, the fewer people will actually do it.” Professor Biddle said there was no doubt that energetic exercise was the way to get fit, but volume rather than intensity might be more useful in tackling issues such as obesity.

part in the project
taking exercise
gave marked health benefits
in fitness levels
on simply getting people to take exercise
not enough to get fit
a compromise between physiology and psychology

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	6	1	2	5	7

Task 58

Double-decker Bus

A double-decker bus is a bus that has two levels. While double-decker long-distance buses are in widespread use around the world, A ____. Double-decker buses are popular in some European cities and in some parts of Asia, usually in former British colonies. Many towns around the world have a few that specialize in short sight-seeing tours for tourists because, as William Gladstone observed, «the way to see London is from the top of a ‘bus'».

Double-decker buses are taller than other buses. They are extensively used in the United Kingdom, B _____, removed from normal service in December 2005 — they still operate on heritage routes. Elsewhere in Europe, double-deckers are used throughout the Dublin Bus network in Ireland, where they are making a comeback on Dublin’s outer suburban routes and also the streets of Cork, Limerick, Galway and Waterford. They are a common sight in Berlin, where the BVG makes extensive use of them. Double-decker long-distance coaches are also in widespread use throughout Europe.

Most buses in Hong Kong and about half in Singapore are double-deckers as well. The only areas in North America that C _____ are the western Canadian province of British Columbia and the United States city of Las Vegas. They are currently being tested in Ottawa on the express routes. The city of Davis, California, in the United States uses vintage double-decker buses for public transport. Davis, California is also home to the first vintage double-decker bus converted from diesel gasoline to run on CNG. The city of Victoria, BC, the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, and a couple of others use Dennis Tridents. A few are also used as tour buses, especially in New York. Double-deckers are have also been used in Mumbai since 1937.

In Brazil, D _____, some companies use double-decker buses. Double-deckers are not a good option for use outside the towns (most roads in Brazil are in very poor condition), and E _____.

Double-decker buses are in widespread use in India in many of the major cities. Some double-decker buses F _____, with no roof and shallow sides. These are popular for sightseeing tours.

double-deckers are adored by thousands of tourists
use double-decker buses for public transport
double-decker city buses are less common
where perhaps the most famous was the London Routemaster
their use is being discouraged by transportation authorities
have an open upper deck
where buses are sometimes the only interstate transport

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	4	2	7	5	6

Task 59

Natural Links In a Long Chain of Being

I believe we are not alone.

Even if I am on the other side of the world from the farmhouse I live in, I still dream of the ancient vines out the window, and the shed out back that my grandfather’s father built in 1870 with eucalyptus trunks. As long as I can recreate these images, A ____.

All of us need some grounding in our modern world of constant moving, buying, selling, meeting and leaving. Some find constancy in religion, others in friends or community. But we need some daily signposts that we are not different, not better, B ____.

For me, this house, farm, these ancient vines are those roots. Although I came into this world alone and will leave alone, I am not alone.

There are ghosts of dozens of conversations in the hallways, stories I remember about buying new plows that now rust in the barnyard and ruined crops from the same vines C ____.

All of us are natural links in a long chain of being, and that I need to know what time of day it is, what season is coming, whether the wind is blowing north or from the east, and if the moon is still full tomorrow night, D _____.

The physical world around us constantly changes, E _____. We must struggle in our brief existence to find some transcendent meaning and so find relief in the knowledge F _____.

You may find that too boring, living with the past as present. I find it refreshing. There is an old answer to every new problem, that wise whispers of the past are with us. If we just listen and remember, we are not alone; we have been here before.

I never quite leave home
but human nature does not
that we are now harvesting
but we as well as our heart did not
not worse than those who came before us
just as the farmers who came before me did
that our ancestors have gone through this before

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
1	5	3	6	2	7

Task 60

The Show Begins

My Uncle Jim took me to all the Broadway shows in New York City, and I was star struck! Actually he wasn’t my real uncle – that’s just what we called him. He was a close friend of my parents. He was a bit stocky with red hair, A _________.

I remember the theaters on Broadway, B __________. The curtains were made of this real heavy, dark red material. There were huge chandelier lights hanging from the ceiling. The walls were dark, paneled wood. The seats were red and cushy C __________.

The orchestra sat at the base of the stage in a pit. I usually went down to the front to see the musicians D __________. They were all crammed into such a tiny space. I played the flute myself and my dad kept encouraging me that if I kept it up, E ___________. But truly, I didn’t want to be tucked away down there. I wanted to be on top, front and center.

Most people dressed rather finely, and certain fragrances took center stage as various women passed by. The sounds of the audience F __________ at their seats were clearly heard while last minute patrons filled in. There was electricity in the air and then the lights would go down and up, and you knew it was time for the show to get started. The lights dimmed. The music began. And you were swept up into a whole new world. I loved it!

I could be playing down there someday
and set real close together
which were so old and posh
and he had a beard and moustache
I wasn’t that good at music
getting ready and warming up
laughing and chattering away

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	3	2	6	1	7

Task 61

Scouting moves ahead

The Scout Movement, which is also known as the Boy Scouts has changed massively in more than 100 years, though many people do not realise this.

For many people in Britain the word “scouting” evokes images of boys in short trousers A__________. Many people imagine that the Scout Association and its female counterpart the Guides Association are old-fashioned. They think these associations are for people B__________ than the future, people who just like camping in the rain and washing in cold water.

It’s quite easy to understand why Scouts and Guides have this sort of image. The “Boy Scouts” were founded over 100 years ago by Robert Baden-Powell, a retired English army general; the “Girl Guides” followed three years later. They were organised in an almost military manner. Young people had to learn discipline and how to do things as a group. They C__________ in difficult conditions, learnt to make campfires and, yes, they certainly had to get used to washing in cold water. In those days though, that D__________ many people washed in cold water.

Nevertheless, even at the start, there was much more to scouting than that. Scouts and Guides also learned the value of solidarity. Right from the start, they had to cope with difficult situations, E__________, and play a useful part in society. Baden-Powell’s organisations were inclusive, and never exclusive; any young person could become a Scout or a Guide, regardless of race, background or religion.

Though the Scout and Guide movements began in England, they soon spread to other countries, and within 50 years, scouting F__________ with young people all over the world.

who are more interested in the past
and girls in blue uniforms
that were generally better
was not particularly unusual as
went on camping expeditions
interact with other people
had become a popular activity

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	1	5	4	6	7

Task 62

Skip the sun, get a glow the healthy way

Everyone at some point has wanted a “healthy glow,” whether it’s a must-have for summer, or a vacation, the thought of tan skin has crossed the minds of millions. If you are pale, it A__________. There is wild excitement when after a day in the sun your skin is tan, not burnt. Surely everyone is familiar with the famous conversation upon the realization that you got fried at the beach. Your friends reassure you with “Don’t worry it B__________.” It may all seem like fun and games at the time, but alarming new research C__________.

Some tan-seekers do it the old-fashioned way, grab a towel and hit the pool or beach. Recently, millions of young girls D__________ instead. Regardless of how the tan is achieved, any change in skin coloring is evidence of skin cell damage. This can lead to cancer. According to the Skin Cancer Foundation, melanoma, or skin cancer, among people aged 18 to 39 has risen dramatically. In the United States the number of skin cancer cases due to tanning, is higher than the number of lung cancer cases due to smoking.

While it is true that being outside and active is great for your body and the sun does provide vitamin D, everyone’s health still needs protecting. However, it’s E__________, limit time spent in direct sunlight, between the hours of 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., and wear sunscreen at all times. A fashionable option is the sun hat: both elegant and fun. Big floppy hats may seem ridiculous at first, but F__________.

Another advice is to look into sunless tanners: They are cheap and in no way endanger the lives of users. So, fake it, don’t bake it!

takes a lot of time and effort to tan
have been turning to tanning beds
they are actually quite classy accessories
better to avoid indoor tanning
have inspired people to get their skin checked
will eventually turn into a tan
has taken the healthy out of healthy glow

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
1	6	7	2	4	3

Task 63

Grant-making agency

The National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) is an independent grant-making agency of the United States government. Established in 1965, it is one of the largest sources of grant funds for humanities projects and programs in the U.S. NEH promotes knowledge of the history, thought, and culture, not only of the United States, A__________.

NEH grants facilitate research and original scholarship, strengthen teaching and learning in the humanities in American schools and colleges, give opportunities for citizens to engage in lifelong learning, B__________.

The Endowment is directed by a chairman, C__________ and confirmed by the U.S. Senate for a term of four years. Advising the chairman is the National Council on the Humanities, a board of 26 distinguished private citizens D__________ with the advice of the Senate. The National Council members serve six-year terms.

NEH grants are typically awarded to U.S. cultural institutions, such as museums, archives, libraries, colleges, universities, and public television and radio stations, E__________. Eligibility is limited to U.S. non-profit institutions and to U.S. citizens and foreigners F__________ prior to the time of application. Grants are awarded through a competitive process. The chairman takes into account the advice provided by the review process and, by law, makes all funding decisions.

who is appointed by the president
but of other countries of the world
but in every aspect of social sciences
who are also appointed by the president
who have been living in the U.S. for three years
as well as to individual scholars of the humanities
as well as provide access to cultural and educational resources

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	7	1	4	6	5

Task 64

The Bonfire Night

The 5th of November has always had a very special place in my heart. More important than New Year’s Eve, but probably less important than the Olympics ceremonies, the 5th of November every year is A __________ all over the country to go wild!

The night of the 5th is often cold and damp and parents wrap up their children in layers of jumpers, coats, hats, scarves and gloves. They fuss over the littlest B __________ aren’t scared. They comfort their pets and give them a safe place to curl up inside, away from the cacophony about to start outside.

Outside the bonfire is C __________ up your nose. If you’re lucky, there might be some pumpkin soup left over from Halloween to warm you up, because in spite of all the layers and the excitement, you’ll still need warming up until the bonfire gets going!

When it’s absolutely dark and the bonfire is blazing, the children and parents huddle together in groups, staring up at the sky. What are they waiting for? The screech of the first firework deafens them all and D __________. The “oohs” and “aaahs” of the crowd keep perfect time with the “kabooms” of the rockets. With every firework that lights up the sky, parents watch the delight grow on their children’s faces and sigh with relief.

After the grand finale, they make their way home with the noises still echoing in their ears. An extra special treat E __________! Waving them through the chilly air, spelling out names and drawing pictures, even the oldest members of the family remember how to be kids!

This is what the 5th of November means to me. Every year, it F __________ such bright and colourful fireworks and heard such loud bangs. I really hope I never grow out of it!

differences in traditions
children and hope that they
the day for fireworks lovers
the explosion lights up the sky
feels like the first time I’ve seen
waits at home though: sparklers
lit and the smell of smoke creeps

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	2	7	4	6	5

Task 65

Earth-sheltered homes

Earth-sheltered or simply underground homes are one of those creations by man, which brings him closer to nature. Unlike the normal traditional houses that A __________, these earth-sheltered homes are built using the shelter of the ground. Earth-sheltered homes can be easily made in hilly areas.

The basic idea behind the construction of such a house is that they are built with the idea of B ________ and each of these homes is built entirely different from each other.

The construction of these homes is usually done according to the shape of the area where the house is built. Their designs C ________ to the nature. The early earth houses which were initially built lacked windows. Modern day earth-sheltered homes though have windows as well as any other facility that the people living there might require.

Some of the major benefits of earth-sheltered homes are that they are naturally insulating. This makes them cool in the summer and cozy and warm in the winter. Another advantage D __________ and are well protected from earthquakes as well as wind-storms. Many earth-sheltered homes are also defended against intruders since there is usually only one entry.

As everything has its pros and cons, earth-sheltered homes also do. The interior decoration of these homes, like placing the furniture or huge paintings, E __________. These homes also have dark spaces inside and for this reason, lots of lighting is essential.

Earth-sheltered homes are one of the greenest housing designs that combines Mother Nature with eco-friendly F __________.

are built on the ground
are usually very organic
is being built facing south
being environmentally friendly
building materials and lifestyle
is that these homes are safe from fire
can be difficult due to the construction

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
1	4	2	6	7	5

Task 66

Australia

Australia is one of the world’s most ethnically diverse nations. Nearly a quarter of the people who live in Australia A __________. They come from the United Kingdom and other European countries, but also from China, Vietnam, North Africa, and the Middle East.

First people arrived in Australia about 50,000 years ago. They B __________ land bridges when sea levels were lower. The next to land in Australia were Dutch explorers. They came in 1606. In 1788 the British began to settle there. Many settlers C __________ as punishment. For a short time, the newcomers lived peacefully with the Aboriginal people.

In 1851, gold was discovered in Australia. A rush to find riches brought D __________ 1859, six separate colonies were created which later became part of the British Commonwealth.

Australian culture is founded on stories of battlers, bushrangers and brave soldiers. Today E __________ its Aboriginal heritage, vibrant mix of cultures, innovative ideas and a thriving ecosystem.

Australia’s ecosystem is an unusual one because of its remote location. As a result, there are F __________ and nowhere else in the world, such as kangaroo and koala.

One of Australia’s most amazing sites rises like an enormous whale’s back from a flat desert called the Red Center. It is a sacred natural formation at the heart of the country and the largest rock in the world!

Australia is one of the most
were born in other countries
Australia also defines itself by
many animal species that occur here
may have travelled from Asia across
thousands of new immigrants, and by
were criminals sent to live in Australia

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	5	7	6	3	4

Task 67

Living nature in Madeira

Right in the middle of the Atlantic, the islands of Madeira and Porto Santo are a haven of natural beauty. The exotic colours of the flowers stand out from among the blue sea and the emerald green vegetation. This is an archipelago where the big territory is a protected area and A __________ is located.

The Madeira Natural Park was created in 1982 to preserve this vast natural heritage, a worldwide rarity. The park is classified as a Biogenetic Reserve, B __________, with some rare species such as the mountain orchid, unique in the world, and also some exotic large trees. To visit this park is to discover Nature! The park covers about two-thirds of the island, making Madeira a truly ecological destination.

The springtime temperature, C __________, cries out for open air activities. Visitors can go for a walk in the park, visit the city of Funchal or roam freely around the island. Boat rides are an excellent way of D __________. In such a naturally welcoming environment, balance and well-being are taken for granted. Madeira offers various tourist complexes E __________.

Popular feasts, F __________, are opportunities to appreciate traditional gastronomic flavours and see Madeira partying, especially for the Carnival parades, the Flower festival, the Atlantic festival and, above all, the end-of-year fireworks display.

which is felt all year round
which take place in Madeira all year round
where the largest laurel forest in the world
admiring the coastline from a different perspective
where one can find a unique range of flora and fauna
choosing this holiday destination for its natural beauty
that have prime conditions for boating and scuba diving

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	5	1	4	7	2

Task 68

Wild animals in cities

Have you ever seen bears in Vancouver parks, leopards on the streets of Mumbai or wild pigs in gardens in Berlin? Recently, there A __________ on TV about big animals coming into towns and cities. What happens when wild animals come into our cities? Is it dangerous for us and the animals?

Wild animals usually come into cities to look for food. In Cape Town, South Africa, baboons sometimes come into the suburbs. They eat fruit from gardens and go into people’s kitchens and take food from cupboards and fridges! Baboons are B __________ children and fight with pet dogs. Many people do not like them, but the city can be dangerous for baboons too. Sometimes, baboons are C __________ human food can be very bad for their teeth. The city council in Cape Town has a team of Baboon Monitors whose job is to find baboons D ___________ to the countryside. This makes the city safer for people and is healthier for the baboons. However, the main problem is that a lot of baboons will come back to the city to find food again.

In Berlin, Germany, groups of wild pigs have come into the city for hundreds of years, but now the winters are warmer, there are even more pigs than in the past. Pigs eat flowers and plants and dig in gardens and parks in the city. They also E __________ accidents. Some city residents like the pigs and give them food. But the city council is worried about the traffic accidents, so they F __________ have put up fences to stop the pigs coming into the city.

cause lots of problems
in the city and take them back
walk in the street and cause traffic
hurt in car accidents and the sugar in
strong animals and sometimes they scare
have been many reports in newspapers and
have told people to stop giving the pigs food and

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	5	4	2	3	7

Task 69

Europe’s best hidden gems

There are incredible destinations in Europe known worldwide, such as Amsterdam and its canals, London and its museums, its shopping and atmosphere, or Paris, the City of Light. Europe also has thousands of hidden treasures. There is a wide selection of the finest unknown destinations in Europe, from Lugano in Switzerland A __________.

Lugano is an international city, the crossroads and melting pot of European culture. It constitutes one of the most interesting regions to be discovered. Lugano is not only Switzerland’s third most important financial centre, B __________ old buildings.

The area of Cinque Terre in Italy represents one of the best preserved natural sights of the Mediterranean. Human activity has contributed to creating a unique landscape in which the development of typical stone walls is so extensive C __________. All this, D __________, makes the Cinque Terre an increasingly popular location among Italian and foreign tourists.

Sintra is a jewel set between the mountains and the sea, waiting to be discovered by tourists E __________, luxuriant nature and cosmopolitan cultural offer. Sintra has a wonderful charm that left a deep impression on the soul and work of the writers F __________. Sintra is truly the capital of Romanticism. It is a place to be experienced by everyone!

but showed evidence of an early human housing
to Cinque Terre in Italy and Sintra in Portugal
as to equal that of the famous Great Wall of China
but also a town of parks and flowers, villas and
who want to be lost in its majestic historical heritage
combined with the beauty of a crystal clear sea
who pioneered the Romantic spirit in the eighteenth century

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	4	3	6	5	7

Task 70

Beautiful cities of Italy

The political and cultural centre of Italy is the ‘Eternal City’, Rome. Ever since the Roman Empire, as its capital, Rome has become famous as a centre of European culture. The most striking sights of Rome are, of course, the Colosseum and the Forum. Once the Colosseum was able to receive about 50 thousand spectators, A __________ and concert halls. The Pantheon, the old temple of all gods, B __________, is also located in Rome.

The second most important town in Italy is Milan. Milan is the capital of fashion and C __________, exhibitions and conferences. The main attraction of Milan is its Cathedral Square, where the monument to the King Victor Emmanuel II is installed. Theatre fans will not be left disappointed by visiting the Theatre of La Scala.

The most popular city among tourists is Venice. The city is unique because it has more than 120 islands, D __________ and 400 bridges. Venice has been known for more than fifteen hundred years, and for E __________. The main area of the city is Saint Mark’s Square with the Cathedral of San Marco. One of the most beautiful buildings in Venice is the Palace of Doges. The other famous attraction is the Grand Canal F______.

In addition to this, there are such beautiful cities in Italy as Naples, Turin, Florence, Genoa, Pisa and the islands of Sardinia and Sicily. All of them are outstanding places to visit.

that is the largest in Venice
which was built in the early I century
that everyone is dreaming about this trip
which is comparable with modern stadiums
which are сonnected by more than 150 canals
the venue for major international festivals
that time it produced a lot of attractions

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	2	6	5	7	1

Task 71

City of fountains

Peterhof is a monument of world architecture and palace and park art. Peterhof includes a palace and park ensemble of the 18-19th centuries, A__________. Peterhof is a city of fountains as it contains 173 fountains and 4 cascades B__________. Each year up to 3 million people come here to enjoy the splendour of numerous fountains and the unique parks of Peterhof.

The name Peterhof was first mentioned in 1705. It was a coastal manor, close to which the construction of a grand country residence began. The original plan belonged to Peter the Great. After the brilliant victory of Russian troops over the Swedes, security of St. Petersburg both from the land C__________. Since that time, the construction of the Peterhof residence grew immensely in scope.

According to the plan of Peter the Great, on the one hand, Peterhof was meant to be equal in splendour with the most famous royal residences in Europe, D__________ to access the Baltic Sea. Both were successfully done. The Great Palace was built on a natural hill here, E__________. Following the plan of Peter the Great, F__________, the Grand Cascade with the famous Samson fountain was constructed. This is still one of the most spectacular fountains in the world. In 1990 the palaces and parks of Peterhof were included in the list of the world heritage of UNESCO.

and from the sea has been firmly ensured
which is a former royal countryside residence
who designs many royal residences in Europe
and then rebuilt in the baroque style in the 18th century
who wanted to decorate the main entrance with waterfalls
that are located in the park on the coast of the Gulf of Finland
and on the other hand, to become a monument of Russia’s struggle

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	6	1	7	4	5

Task 72

Sights of Sochi

Sochi is unique among other Russian cities because it has many aspects of a subtropical resort. Apart from the scenic Caucasus Mountains, pebble and sand beaches, the city attracts tourists with its vegetation, numerous parks, monuments, and extravagant architecture. About two million people visit Greater Sochi each summer, A__________. The famous Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, B__________, lies just north from the city.

Popularity of Sochi among tourists is largely explained by the beauty of its surroundings. Walking along the river Agura, everyone will admire the nature around, C__________, and amazing waterfalls. From the bridge over the Agura opens a magnificent view to the lowest Agura waterfall. In the shady Agura gorge tourists will feel the gentle coolness, D__________.

Akhun Mountain the biggest in the region has a beautiful tower on the top. The height of the tower is more than 30 metres, E__________ are stunning. The observation platform on the top of the tower gives a chance to take superb pictures of the city. Every year thousands of people visit this stone tower, F__________ the perfect view of the Black Sea coast and the Caucasus Mountains. It is a truly unforgettable experience. Tourists will enjoy visiting all the sights and the resort itself, full of exotic green and the boundless blue of the Black Sea.

and the views that open from it
which is built on the top to give visitors
when the subtropical resort is almost empty
which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site
enjoying the sound of birds singing and waterfalls gurgling
when the city is home to the annual film festival “Kinotavr”
including high cliffs, exotic vegetation, breathtaking canyons

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	4	7	5	1	2

Task 73

Saint Petersburg

A city of palaces and museums, broad avenues and narrow canals, St. Petersburg’s short history is rich in architectural and artistic treasures. Alongside world-famous attractions such as the Hermitage and St. Isaac’s Cathedral, the city has a lot of equally interesting buildings A__________. St. Petersburg is considered to be Russia’s cultural capital. It reflects the country’s extraordinary fate like no other city.

St. Petersburg is a relatively young city, by both Russian and European standards, as B__________. Despite its short life, the city has a rich history. From the early days of Peter the Great to modern times, the city has always bustled with life and intrigue.

Lying across the delta of the Neva River, St. Petersburg, the Venice of the North, is a city C__________, some of which are well-known for their unique history. Bridges are an essential part of the city’s architectural make-up. Among the city’s over 500 bridges, there are numerous technological masterpieces. The centre of the city offers vast areas of green space, D__________.

St. Petersburg is a beautiful and fascinating holiday destination and one E__________. Whether to visit the city in a romantic and snowy Russian winter F__________, visitors will be spellbound by
St. Petersburg’s culture and beauty.

that is built on hundreds of islands
or during the dazzling white nights in summer
it was only founded in 1703 by Tsar Peter the Great
or considering a variety of the trip accommodation offers
that reveal the mysterious and tragic genius of St. Petersburg
of the most intriguing and historically significant cities in Europe
including beautiful historic gardens and extensive leisure parks

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	3	1	7	6	2

Task 74

State Hermitage Museum

The Hermitage is St. Petersburg’s most popular visitor attraction, and one of the world’s largest and most prestigious museums. It is a must-see for all first-time travellers to the city. With over 3 million items in its collection, it also rewards repeat visits, A__________ of the riches on offer here, from Impressionist masterpieces to fascinating Oriental treasures. It was estimated B__________ on display for just one minute. So many visitors prefer a guided tour to ensure C__________ highlights. Art-lovers, however, may find it more rewarding to seek out for themselves the works D__________.

The bulk of the Hermitage collection is housed in the Winter Palace, E__________. However, there are a number of other sites that constitute part of the Hermitage, including the recently opened Storage Facility in the north of St. Petersburg. It offers guided tours through some of the museum’s vast stocks. The magnificent General Staff Building opposite the Winter Palace is most famous for its central triumphal arch, F__________ Nevsky Prospekt. The General Staff Building contains a number of unique exhibitions. It includes the Modern European Art, probably the most visited section of the Hermitage with well-known collections of Picasso and Matisse, as well as a wealth of popular Impressionist paintings.

that they are particularly interested in
that they have time to catch all the collection’s
and new-comers can only hope to get a brief taste
which brings pedestrians out on to Palace Square from
that one would need eleven years to view each exhibit
which was the official residence of the Russian emperors
and the exhibition was often visited by military historians

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	5	2	1	6	4

Task 75

Letniy Sad

Letniy Sad (The Summer Garden) is a park ensemble, a monument of landscape art of the 18th century. Letniy Sad is the oldest park in St. Petersburg. The park was founded by Peter I in 1704. The Tsar dreamed of his own Versailles and drew its original plan himself. He planned to create a regular, architectural park with accurate layout and straight paths. Prominent architects and gardeners took part in its creation. The park was supposed to become a place of relaxation, A__________.

Letniy Sad is surrounded by water. Natural boundary of the park from the north and east are the Neva and Fontanka Rivers, B__________.

Peter I brought sculptures from Italy for the park and was very proud of them. In the 18th century there were more than two hundred sculptures, C__________, or moved to suburban royal residences and the Hermitage. Now Letniy Sad is decorated with 90 sculptures – copies made of artificial marble.

In May, 2012 Letniy Sad was opened after reconstruction. The reconstruction work had been going on for about three years, D__________ Letniy Sad as it was in the 18th century. Among the new items in Letniy Sad, there is the Archaeological Museum, E__________ during the restoration of the park. Visitors can take a tour of the park F__________ on Sundays.

and restorers have done everything possible to keep
combining the features of urban and suburban estates
which are planned to be the centre of scientific research
which contains interesting objects found by archaeologists
but later many of them were either destroyed in the flood
and enjoy the exhibitions and performances of a brass band
and from the south and west – the Moika River and the Lebyazhiy Canal

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	7	5	1	4	6

Источник

Speaking

Task
2

	Условие	Задание	Пример вопроса
1	the city	1) dates for departures отбытие, отправление 2) hotel facilities комплекс услуг 3) if breakfast is included 4) number of city tours 5) discounts	1) When does the trip start? 2) What facilities does the hotel have? 3) Is breakfast included? 4) How many tours are available? 5) Can you suggest any discounts?
2	a museum	1) location of the museum 2) special offers 3) number of exhibitions 4) working hours 5) tickets for kids	1) Where is the museum situated? 2) What special offers can you suggest? 3) How many exhibitions do you have? 4) Could you tell working hours of the museum? 5) Do you have tickets for kids?
3	the coffee room	1) price list 2) discounts 3) online booking 4) diversity of desserts 5) entertainment programs	1) How can I get a price list? 2) Do you have any discounts? 3) Can I book a table online? 4) What desserts do you have? 5) Are there entertainment programs in your shop?
4	the fitness club	1) membership card 2) personal trainings 3) working hours 4) if they have muscle gain programs 5) guest passes	1) Could I get a membership card? 2) Are there personal trainings in your fitness club? 3) When does the club work? 4) Do you have muscle gain programs? 5) Can I get guest passes for my friends?
5	at the hotel	1) local museums and theatres 2) special offers 3) number of available rooms 4) quality of the staff 5) if they have TV in hotel rooms	1) Are there museums and theatres nearby the HOTEL? 2) What special offers do you have? 3) How many rooms are available? 4) Would you tell about quality of the working staff? 5) Is there TV in hotel rooms?
6	car washing services	1) working hours 2) if they have a discount card 3) recommendations 4) number of clients per day 5) time they need to wash the car	1) What are the working hours? 2) Could I get a discount card? 3) Are there any recommendations of services provided by you? 4) How many clients per day do have? 5) How much time do you need to wash the car?
7	the real estate agency	1) location of the agency 2) services they provide 3) if they work at weekends 4) competitive advantages 5) if they provide any guarantees	1) Where is the agency located? 2) What services do you provide? 3) Do you work at weekends? 4) What competitive advantages do you possess? 5) Are you providing any guarantees?
8	the coffee shop	1) special offers 2) discounts for regular customers 3) most popular coffee 4) if they have a parking lot 5) free Wi-Fi	1) What special offers would you suggest? 2) Are there any discounts for regular customers? 3) What is the most popular coffee? 4) Do you have a parking lot? 5) Is there access to free Wi-Fi?
9	the gift shop	1) if they have gifts for anniversary 2) availability of discount cards 3) size of the shop 4) if they have lunch hours 5) website	1) Are there any gifts for anniversary? 2) Could I get a discount card? 3) What is the size of the shop? 4) Do you have lunch hours? 5) Is there a website of your shop?
10	to buy ipad	1) the amount of internal memory 2) if they provide a free delivery service 3) if they have special offers 4) advantages of the device 5) if the have a black color	1) What is the amount of internal memory? 2) Do you provide a free delivery service? 3) Are there special offers that you would like to suggest? 4) What advantages does that device have? 5) Do you have a black color?
11	the Cesky Krumlov city	1) the most popular sights of the city 2) price for family of three 3) recommendations 4) services that they provide during the trip 5) number of people in the trip	1) What are the most popular sights of the city? 2) How much would it cost for three persons? 3) Do you have any recommendations? 4) Would you list services that you provide during the trip? 5) How many people in the trip?
12	London transport museum	1) location of the museum 2) discounts for children 3) working hours 4) the most popular exhibit in the museum 5) tours that they have	1) Where is the museum situated? 2) Are there any discounts for children? 3) What are the working hours? 4) Would you tell me about the most popular exhibit in the museum? 5) What tours do you have?
13	buying the tablet	1) functions of the device 2) battery life 3) discount 4) things you get in the kit 5) online booking service	1) What functions does that device have? 2) Could you tell me about the battery life? 3) Do you have a discount on the tablet? 4) What else do I get in the kit? 5) Do you provide the online booking service?
14	Natural history museum	1) working hours 2) number of available exhibitions 3) services they provide 4) if they have a free internet 5) if you can buy tickets online	1) What are the working hours? 2) How many exhibitions are available? 3) Can you list me services that you provide? 4) Do you have free internet? 5) Is it possible to buy tickets online?
15	buying a laptop	1) if you can get a discount card 2) full characteristics of the device 3) warranty period 4) advantages of the device 5) if they take credit cards	1) Can I get a discount card? 2) What are the full characteristics of the device? 3) Is there a warranty period? 4) Could you list advantages of the device? 5) Do you take credit cards?
16	the sushi bar	1) working hours 2) special dishes 3) if they have free Wi-Fi 4) location of the restaurant 5) discounts	1) What are the working hours? 2) Do you have special dishes? 3) Is there free Wi-Fi? 4) Where is the restaurant located? 5) Would you tell me about current discounts?
17	Louvre museum	1) available exhibitions 2) duration of the tour 3) if they are open at weekends 4) if they provide the multilingual guide service 5) contact information	1) What exhibitions are available right now? 2) How long does the tour last? 3) Are you open at weekends? 4) Do you provide the multilingual guide service? 5) Could you leave me your contacts?
18	the real estate agent services	1) if there special offers 2) all services that he provides 3) online consulting service 4) duration of the meeting 5) number of clients per day	1) Are there any special offers? 2) Could you list me all services that you provide? 3) Do you have an online consulting service? 4) How long does the meeting last? 5) How many clients per day do you have?
19	an engineering service	1) full list of services 2) if you can get a discount card 3) if they work at weekends 4) number of clients per day 5) guarantees they provide	1) Would you list the full list of services that you provide? 2) Can I get a discount card? 3) Do you work at weekends? 4) How many clients per day do you have? 5) Are you providing any guarantees?
20	buying the printer	1) warranty period 2) if you can buy the printer online 3) discount for regular customers 4) full characteristics of the device 5) advantages of the printer	1) How long does the warranty period last? 2) Can I buy the printer online? 3) Is there a discount for regular customers? 4) What are the full characteristics of the device? 5) Would you list advantages of the printer?
21	the tattoo shop	1) working hours 2) if they have a website 3) if it hurts during the process 4) number of temporary tattoos 5) average price	1) What are the working hours? 2) Do you have a website? 3) Is it hurts during the process? 4) How many temporary tattoos do you have? 5) What is the average price?
22	buying a skateboard	1) if there are extra wheels in the kit 2) if they provide a free delivery service 3) country producer 4) availability of other colors of the skateboard 5) warranty period	1) Are there extra wheels in the kit? 2) Do you provide a free delivery service? 3) Who is the country producer? 4) Can you have the same skateboard in other colors? 5) How long does the warranty period last?
23	the tattoo shop	1) location of the shop 2) if they have discount cards 3) working hours 4) house call service 5) most popular tattoos among clients	1) Where is the shop located? 2) Do you have discount cards? 3) What are the working hours? 4) Is there a house call service? 5) What are the most popular tattoos among clients?
24	buying a TV	1) if they take credit cards 2) screen size 3) if the TV has Wi-Fi access 4) advantages of the device over the others 5) delivery time	1) Do you take credit cards? 2) What is the screen size? 3) Does the TV have Wi-Fi access? 4) Could you list me advantages of the device over the others? 5) How long does the delivery take?
25	the in home tutoring service	1) age of children available for tutoring 2) price list 3) if they can leave their contacts 4) special offers 5) discount for regular customers	1) What is the age of children available for tutoring? 2) Can I get a price list? 3) Would you leave me your contacts? 4) Do you have any special offers? 5) Is there a discount for regular customers?
26	at the hotel	1) if they have available rooms 2) services they provide 3) sights nearby the hotel 4) special offers 5) discount for regular customer	1) Do you have available rooms? 2) What services do you provide? 3) Are there any sights nearby the hotel? 4) Would you tell me about your special offers? 5) Do you provide discount for regular customers?
27	staying three nights at the hotel	1) free internet 2) entertainments that hotel provides 3) if they take credit cards 4) location of the hotel 5) discount for inviting a friend	1) Is there free internet? 2) What entertainments does the hotel provide? 3) Do you take credit cards? 4) Where is the hotel situated? 5) Can I get a discount for inviting a friend?
28	staying a night at the hotel	1) number of available rooms 2) Russian speaking staff 3) entertainment programs 4) museums and theatres nearby the hotel 5) if they take credit cards	1) How many rooms are available? 2) Do you have Russian speaking staff? 3) Are there any entertainment programs? 4) What museums and theatres can I visit nearby the HOTEL? 5) Do you take credit cards?
29	the barber shop	1) working hours 2) location 3) number of clients per day 4) discount for regular customers 5) contact information	1) What are the working hours? 2) Where is the shop located? 3) How many clients per day do you serve? 4) Is there a discount for regular customers? 5) Can I get contact information?
30	the restaurant	1) location of the restaurant 2) free Wi-Fi access 3) special dishes 4) if you can reserve a table 5) if the have Russian speaking staff	1) Where is the restaurant located? 2) Do you have a free Wi-Fi access? 3) What special dishes do you have? 4) Can I reserve a table? 5) Is there Russian speaking staff?
31	staying a night at the hotel	1) special offers 2) local sights 3) number of available rooms 4) list of services they provide 5) if they have a website	1) Do you have special offers? 2) Are there any local sights? 3) How many rooms are available? 4) Would you tell me about services that you provide? 5) Do you have a website?
32	staying one week at the resort	1) discounts for regular customers 2) special offers 3) entertainment program 4) multilingual staff 5) if you can pay with a credit card	1) Do you provide discounts for regular customers? 2) Are there any special offers? 3) What entertainment program are available right now? 4) Do you have multilingual staff? 5) Can I pay with a credit card?
33	Alla Scala theater	1) current performances 2) tickets price 3) location of the theater 4) if you can go backstage 5) if they have an online booking service	1) What performances do you have right now? 2) How much does the ticket cost? 3) Where is the theater located? 4) Can I go backstage? 5) Do you have an online booking service?

Источник

YOLO- GET SOME ADVENTURE

Sport Fishing Tour in Antigua

Horse Riding Antigua

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