Уильям шекспир сочинение на английском

William Shakespeare is the greatest of all playwrights and poets of all times. Not much is known of his life. He was probably the son of a businessman and was born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. He probably attended the local grammar school and got a classical education. In 1582 he married Anne Hathaway and had 3 children. Little is known of his life before 1592, when he appeared as a playwright in London. Soon he became an actor playing supporting roles like the ghost in «Hamlet». In 1599 Shakespeare became a part owner of the Globe Theatre in London.

Shakespeare’s work as a playwright is subdivided into 3 periods. Written in the first period, Shakespeare’s plays are mostly history plays like «Henry VI», and comedies with strong elements of farce. His masterpiece of this period is «Romeo and Juliet».

In the second period Shakespeare wrote a number of comedies where he moved away from farce towards romance. In the third period, after 1600, appeared his major tragedies — «Hamlet», «Othello». They presented a clear opposition of order to chaos, good to evil.

Shakespeare was a great poet and would be well known for his poetry alone. His major achievement as a poet is his sonnets, first published in 1609. A sonnet is a poem consisting of 14 lines, with a moral at the end. The sonnets are addressed to some «W.H.», and to mysterious «Dark Lady of Sonnets». The sonnets deal with the great themes of love, friendship, death, change and immortality. Shakespeare looks at his own poetry as a means of immortality. Shakespeare’s sonnets are excellent. They are full of harmony and music; they praise love, friendship and beauty, though there is no sentimentality in them.

Shakespeare’s poetry is at the summit of human achievement. Many centuries have passed since his death in 1616, but Shakespeare is still considered to be the greatest of all playwrights and poets.

2. Life of Shakespeare.

The great poet and dramatist William Shakespeare is often called by his people «Our National Bard», «The Immortal Poet of Nature» and «The Great Unknown». More than two hundred contemporary references to Shakespeare have been located amoung church records, legal records, documents in the Public Record Office, and miscellaneous repositories. When these owe assembled, we have at least the skeleton out line of his life, begining with his baptist on April 26, 1564, in Trinity Church, Stratford-on-Avon, and ending with his burial there on April 25, 1616. Shakespeare’s native place was Sratford-on-Avon, a little town in Warwickshire, which is generally described as being in the middle of England.

Shakespeare’s father, John, was a prosperous glove maker of Stratford who, after holding minor municipal offices, was elected high bailiff of Stratford. Shakespeare’s mother Mary Arden, came from an affluent family of landowners.

Shakespeare probably recieved his early education at the exellent Stratford Grammar School, supervised by an Oxford graduate, where he would have learned Latin smattering of Greek. In 1582 Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway, who lived in a neighboring hamlet. The first child born to Ann and William was their daughter Susanna. In about two years Ann bore him twins a boy and a girl, Hamlet and Jidith.

Then life in Stratford became intolerable for William Shakespeare and he decided to go to London and begin a theatrical career. Shakespeare’s major activity lays in the field of drama. He became a full shareholder in his acting company, he was co-owner of «the Globe» theatre and later of «the Blackfriars» theatre, and in 1597 he purchased property in Strarford, including one of the largest houses in the town. He probably retired about 1610, travelling to London when necessary to take care of his theatrical business. In all, 154 sonnets were written. The sonnets were probably created in the 1590 but were first published in 1609.

3. Shakespeare’s works.

Shakespeare’s literary work is usually divided into three periods. The first period of his creative work falls between 1590 and 1600. Shakespeare’s comedies belong to the first period of his creative work. They all are written in his playful manner and and in the brilliant poetry that conveys the spectator to Italy. Some of the first plays of the first period are: «Richard III» (1592), «The Comedy of Errors» (1592), «Romeo and Juliet» (1594), «Julius Caesar» (1599), «As You Like It» (1599), 1600 — «The Twelth Night». Shakespeare’s poems are also attributed to the first period, «Venus and Adonis» and «Lucrece», and 154 sonnets. «Venus and Adonis» was the first of Shakespeare’s works that came off the press. The second period of Shakespeare’s creative work during from 1600 to 1608. His famous tragedies appeared at this time. In the plays of this period the dramatist reaches his full maturity. He presents great humans problems. His tragedies and historical plays made Shakespeare the greatest humanist of the English Renaissanse. Some plays of the second period: 1601 — «Hamlet», 1604 — «Othello».

Shakespeare’s plays of the third period are called the «Romantic dramas». There is no tragic tension in these plays. This period lasted from 1609 till 1612. 1609 — «Cymbeline», 1610 — «The Winters Tale», 1612 — «Henry 8».

William Shakespeare is one of the most famous and certainly the greatest English writers. The author of “Hamlet and “Othello” was born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. Young Shakespeare got a classical education and got married at the age of 18. His wife was a local girl, Anne Hathaway, who gave birth to their 3 children.

Nobody knew William Shakespeare before 1592 when he appeared in London as a playwriter. His first play was called «Titus Andronicus» after which he continued writing and created plays on historical themes, comedies and also wrote his first tragedy “Romeo and Juliet”.

During the first decade of the XVII Shakespear turned to tragedies and created his greatest ones: «Hamlet» «Othello» «Macbeth» and «King Lear». All of them had a great success. Moreover, William was an amazing poet known for his sonnets which are the poems consisting of 14 lines with a moral at the end. All his works deal with themes of love, friendship, death, change and immortality and often contain great philosophical ideas.

Shakespeare’s major activity was related to drama. He became a full shareholder in his acting company and was a co-owner of «the Globe» and «the Blackfriars» theatres. “The Globe” theatre was and still is one of the best theatres in the world. Shakespeare died on April 23, 1616 but his works are still read and performed on stage or adapted into films.

Перевод:

Уильям Шекспир – один из самых знаменитых и, несомненно, великих английских писателей. Автор «Гамлета» и «Отелло» родился в 1564 году в Стратфорд-он-Эйвон. Молодой Шекспир получил классическое образование и женился в возрасте 18 лет. Его женой  была провинциальная девушка, Энн Хэтуэй, которая родила ему 3 детей.

Никто не знал об Уильяме Шекспире до 1592 года, когда он проявил себя в Лондоне в качестве драматурга. Его первая пьеса называлась «Тит Андро́ник», после которой он продолжил писать и создавал исторические пьесы, комедии и свою первую трагедию «Ромео и Джульетта».

В первом десятилетии 17 века Шекспир обратился к трагедии и создал свои лучшие пьесы: «Гамлет», «Отелло», «Макбет» и «Король Лир». Все они имели огромный успех. Более того, Уильям был удивительным поэтом, известным своими сонетами (стихотворения, состоящие из 14 строк и завершающиеся моралью). Все его работы освещали темы любви, дружбы, смерти, перемены и бессмертия и часто содержали философские идеи.

Основная часть творчества Шекспира была связана с драмой. Он стал полноправным акционером в своей актерской труппе и был совладельцем театров  «Глобус» и «Блэкфраерс». Театр «Глобус» был и до сих пор остается одним из лучших театров в мире. Шекспир умер в апреле 1616 года, но его работы по сей день читаются, показываются на сцене и по ним снимают фильмы.

Интересные выражения и слова:

local girl – провинциальная девушка

playwriter – драматург

play – пьеса

to turn to – приниматься/браться за…

to deal with – иметь дело с…, касаться

immortality – бессмертие

shareholder – акционер

co-owner – совладелец

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William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare, the greatest and most famous of English writers, and probably the greatest playwright who has ever lived, was bom on the 23d of April, 1564, in Stratford-on-Avon.

In spite of his fame we know very little about his life. At the age of six he was sent to school, but had to leave it at the age of 13. His father, John Shakespeare, was a glove-maker, and when he fell into debt, William had to help him in the trade.

Just what William did between his fourteenth and eighteenth year isn’t known. At the age of eighteen, he married Anne Hathaway. Ann was eight years older than her husband and the marriage wasn’t a happy one.

When Shakespeare was twenty-one, he went to London. We don’t know why he left Stratford-on-Avon. There is a story that Shakespeare’s first job in London was holding rich men’s horses at the theatre door. But nobody can be sure that this story is true.

Later, Shakespeare became an actor and a member of a very successful acting company. It’s highly probable that The Comedy of Errors, Romeo and Juliet and some other plays by Shakespeare were performed for the first time on this stage.

Very soon, however, the actors were told that they could no longer use the land that their theatre was built on and the company had nowhere else to perform. There is a story that in the dead of night the whole acting troop took down their theatre, timber by timber, brick by brick. They carried it across the river and rebuilt it. The new theatre was called the Globe.

Shakespeare’s Globe was rather different from modern theatres. The plays were performed in the open air and the audience got wet if it rained. There was no scenery, very few props, and the only lighting was the daylight that came from the open roof above. Women in those days weren’t allowed to act in public and all the parts (even Juliet!) were played by men. Much of the audience stood to watch the performance and moved around, talking with each other and throwing fruit at the stage if they didn’t like something.

Shakespeare wrote 37 plays: 10 tragedies (such as Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, Macbeth), 17 comedies (such as As You Like It, Twelfth Night, Much Ado About Nothing), 10 historical plays (such as Henry IV, Richard III.). He also left 7 books of poems.

Most of Shakespeare’s plays were not published in his lifetime. So some of them may have been lost in the fire when the Globe burnt down in 1613.

Shakespeare spent the last years of his life at Stratford, where he died, ironically, on the same date as his birthday, the 23d of April, 1616. He was buried in the church of Stratford. A monument was erected to the memory of the great playwright in the Poet’s Corner in Westminster Abbey. In 1997, Shakespeare’s Globe was restored.

Уильям Шекспир

Уильям Шекспир, величайший и наиболее известный английский писатель и, возможно, величайший драматург, когда-либо живущий, родился 23-го апреля 1564 в Стратфорде-на-Эйвоне.

Несмотря на свою известность, мы очень мало знаем о его жизни. В возрасте шести лет он был направлен в школу, но был вынужден оставить её в возрасте 13 лет. Его отец, Джон Шекспир, был перчаточником, и когда он залез в долги, Вильяму пришлось помогать ему в его ремесле.

То, что Уильям сделал между четырнадцатью и восемнадцатью годами не известно. В возрасте 18 лет, он женился на Энн Хэтэуэй. Энн была на восемь лет старше мужа, и брак не был счастливым.

Когда Шекспиру было 21, он отправился в Лондон. Мы не знаем, почему он покинул Стратфорд-он-Эйвон. Существует легенда, что первой работой Шекспира в Лондоне было держать лошадей богатых людей у дверей театра. Но никто не может быть уверен, что эта история правдива.

Позже Шекспир стал актером и членом весьма успешной труппы. Весьма вероятно, что «Комедия ошибок», «Ромео и Джульетта» и некоторые другие пьесы Шекспира были впервые сыграны на этой сцене.

Очень скоро, однако, актерам сказали, что они уже не могут использовать землю, на которой их театр был построен и труппе не было где играть. Существует легенда, что под покровом ночи вся труппа разобрала свой театр по бревну и по кирпичикам. Они перенесли его через реку и восстановили его. Новый театр был назван «Глобус».

«Глобус» Шекспира довольно сильно отличался от современных театров. Спектакли проводились на открытом воздухе и зрители промокали, если шел дождь. Декорации не существовали, реквизита было очень мало, а единственным освещением был дневной свет, который падал с крыши. Женщинам в те дни не разрешалось играть на публике и все роли (даже Джульетту!) играли мужчины. Большая часть зрителей вставала, чтобы посмотреть представление и перемещалась, разговаривая друг с другом и бросала плоды на сцену, если им что-то не нравилось.

Шекспир написал 37 пьес: 10 трагедий (такие как «Гамлет», «Король Лир», «Отелло», «Макбет»), 17 комедий ( «Как вам это понравится», «Двенадцатая ночь», «Много шума из ничего»), 10 исторических пьес (таких, как «Генрих IV», «Ричард III»). Он также оставил 7 книг стихов.

Большинство пьес Шекспира не были опубликованы при его жизни. Некоторые из них могут быть утеряны в огне, когда «Глобус» сгорел в 1613 году.

Шекспир провел последние годы своей жизни в Стратфорде, где он умер по иронии судьбы, в тот же день, когда родился, 23 апреля 1616. Он был похоронен в церкви Стратфорда. Памятник был воздвигнут в память великого драматурга в Уголоке Поэтов в Вестминстерском аббатстве. В 1997 году «Глобус» Шекспира был восстановлен.