1) Установите соответствие между заголовками 1 — 8 и текстами A — G. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. Useful Invention
2. US Younger Generation
3. Modern Branch of Industry
4. Historical Separation
5. Verbal Misunderstanding
6. Britain, the World Empire
7. All in One
8. Old Enough
A. For 150 years America was a British colony. At that time British and American English were almost exactly the same. When America won the War of Independence in 1776, it became a free country. The USA was quickly growing richer, and millions of Europeans came to settle here. They brought new words and expressions to the language. As a result, English in America began to develop in its own way and today, there are certain differences in pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary and spelling between American and British English.
B. Typical American teenagers are in fact very ordinary. They think their teachers make them work too hard, they love their parents but are sure they don’t understand anything, and their friendships are the most important things in their lives. Some of them do have a lot of money to spend, but usually they have earned it themselves. Most young people take jobs while they are in school. They work at movie theatres, fast-food restaurants, gas stations, and stores to pay for their clothes and entertainment. Maybe this is what makes them so independent from their parents at such a young age?
C. Is it possible to have one device with the functions of a TV-set, a PC and the Internet? With the advent of Internet TV it has become a reality. Imagine watching a film on TV and getting information on the actors in the film at the same time! To enter web-addresses and write e-mails you use a remote control and an on-screen keyboard or an optional wireless keyboard. By clicking a button, you can also read adverts, ‘chat’ with a friend, plan your holiday and play your favourite video games. And in the future you’ll be able to change the plot of the film you are watching!
D. When do you stop being a child and become an adult? There are lots of laws about the age when you can start doing things. In Britain, for example, you can get married at 16, but you cannot get a tattoo until you are 18. In most American states you can have a driving licence at 17, but you cannot drink until you are 21. In Russia you can be put in prison when you are 16, but you cannot vote until you are 18. In fact, most European countries and the US have the same age for voting: 18. Many people, however, think that this is unfair. They would like to vote at an earlier age.
E. Blue jeans were a by-product of the Gold Rush. The man who invented jeans, Levi Strauss, emigrated from Germany to San Francisco in 1850. Levi was 20 years old, and he decided to sell clothes to the miners who were in California in search of gold. When he was told that durable trousers were the most needed item of clothing, Levi began making jeans of heavy tent canvas. Levi’s jeans were an immediate success. Soon he switched from canvas to a cotton fabric which came from Nimes, a city in France. The miners called it ‘denim’ and bought a lot of trousers from Strauss.
F. Some fifty years ago people hadn’t even heard of computers, and today we cannot imagine our life without them. Computer technology is now the fastest-growing industry in the world. The first computer was the size of a minibus and weighed a ton. Today, its job can be done by a chip the size of a pinhead. And the revolution is still going on. Very soon we’ll have computers that we’ll wear on our wrists or even in our glasses and ear-rings. Such wearable computers are now being developed in the USA.
G. Some American words are simply unknown on the other side of the Atlantic, and vice versa. But a lot of words exist in both variants, and these can cause trouble. British visitors to America are often surprised at the different meanings that familiar words have acquired there. If an Englishman asks in an American store for a vest, he will be offered a waistcoat. If he wants to buy a handbag for his wife, he should ask for a purse, and if she wants to buy a pair of tights, she should ask for pantyhose: tights in America are what ballet dancers wear.
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
2) Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A — F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1 — 7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя.
Culture and customs
In less than twenty years, the mobile telephone has gone from being rare, expensive equipment of the business elite to a pervasive, low-cost personal item. In many countries, mobile telephones ___ (A); in the U.S., 50 per cent of children have mobile telephones. In many young adults’ households it has supplanted the land-line telephone. The mobile phone is ___ (B), such as North Korea.
Paul Levinson in his 2004 book Cellphone argues that by looking back through history we can find many precursors to the idea of people simultaneously walking and talking on a mobile phone. Mobile phones are the next extension in portable media, that now can be ___ (C) into one device. Levinson highlights that as the only mammal to use only two out of our four limbs to walk, we are left two hands free ___ (D) — like talking on a mobile phone. Levinson writes that “Intelligence and inventiveness, applied to our need to communicate regardless of where we may be, led logically and eventually to telephones that we ___ (E).
Given the high levels of societal mobile telephone service penetration, it is a key means for people ___ (F). The SMS feature spawned the «texting» sub-culture. In December 1993, the first person-to-person SMS text message was transmitted in Finland. Currently, texting is the most widely-used data service; 1.8 billion users generated $80 billion of revenue in 2006.
1. to perform other actions
2. outnumber traditional telephones
3. to communicate with each other
4. combined with the Internet
5. to serve basic needs
6. banned in some countries
7. carry in our pockets
| A | B | C | D | E | F |
3) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
Gabe’s mother thinks that he is
1) lazy.
2) determined.
3) selfish.
4) thoughtful.
4) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
Gabe is supposed to represent the Emeril generation because he
1) is fond of criticizing others.
2) feels happy being alone.
3) is interested in cooking.
4) is good at making jokes.
5) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
The narrator wanted to take Gabe to Oaxaca because
1) he could speak Spanish.
2) there are a lot of entertainments for children there.
3) he knew a lot about local cultures.
4) he was the best to keep her company.
6) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
Gabe was struck when he
1) was told that local cooking techniques were a thousand years old.
2) saw the man next to him eat insects.
3) did not find any dish to satisfy his appetite.
4) understood that a hot dog was less gross than a local delicacy.
7) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
The Oaxacan people eat insects because this kind of food
1) tastes pleasant.
2) is easy to cook.
3) contains an essential nutritional element.
4) helps to cure many diseases.
Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
At the end of the class Gabe felt regret because
1) there were a lot of dishes he could not make on his own.
2) the dishes he made were not tasty.
3) he did not want to go back home.
4) he had not managed to master all the dishes he liked.
9) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Показать текст. ⇓
In paragraph 3 “brimming with» means
1) lacking.
2) being filled with.
3) astonishing with.
4) beckoning with.
В2
Установите
соответствие между заголовками 1-8 и
текстами A—G.
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.
Используйте каждую цифру только один
раз, В задании один заголовок лишний.
1- Useful
Invention
-
US
Younger
Generation -
Modern
Branch of Industry -
Historical
Separation
-
Verbal
Misunderstanding -
Britain,
the World Empire -
All
in One -
Old
Enough
A. For
150 years America was a British colony. At that time British and
American
English were almost exactly the same. When America won
the War of Independence
in 1776, it became a free country. The
USA was quickly growing richer, and
millions of Europeans came
to settle here. They brought new words and expressions
to the
language. As a result, English in America began to develop in its
own way
and today, there are certain differences in
pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary
and spelling between
American and British English.
B. Typical
American teenagers are in fact very ordinary. They think their
teachers
make them work too hard, they love their parents but
are sure they don’t
understand anything, and their friendships
are the most important things in their
lives. Some of them do
have a lot of money to spend, but usually they have earned
it
themselves. Most young people take jobs while they are in school.
They work
at movie theatres, fast-food restaurants, gas
stations, and stores to pay for their
clothes and
entertainment. Maybe this is what makes them so independent
from
their parents at such a young age?
C. Is
it possible to have one device with the functions of a TV-set, a PC
and the
Internet? With the advent of Internet TV it has become
a reality. Imagine watching
a film on TV and getting
information on the actors in the film at the same time!
To
enter web-addresses and write e-mails you use a remote control and
an on-screen
keyboard or an optional wireless keyboard. By
clicking a button, you can also read
adverts, ‘chat’ with a
friend, plan your holiday and play your favourite video games.
And
in the future you’ll be able to change the plot of the film you are
watching!
D. When
do you stop being a child and become an adult? There are lots of
laws about
the age when you can start doing things. In Britain,
for example, you can get
married at 16, but you cannot get a
tattoo until you are 18. In most American
states you can have a
driving licence at 17, but you cannot drink until you are
21.
In Russia you can be put to prison when you are 16, but you cannot
vote until
you are 18. In fact, most European countries and the
US have the same age for
voting: 18. Many people, however,
think that this is unfair. They would like to
vote at an
earlier age.
E. Blue
jeans were a by-product of the Gold Rush. The man who invented
jeans, Levi
Strauss, emigrated from Germany to San Francisco in
1850. Levi was 20 years
old, and he decided to sell clothes to
the miners who were in California in search
of gold. When he
was told that durable trousers were the most needed item
of
clothing, Levi began making jeans of heavy tent canvas.
Levi’s jeans were an
immediate success. Soon he switched from
canvas to a cotton fabric which came
from Nimes, a city in
France. The miners called it ‘denim’ and bought a lot of
trousers
from Strauss.
©
2012 Федеральный институт педагогических
измерений. © 2012 Национальное образование.
Копирование, распространение и
использование без письменного разрешения
правообладателей не допускается
80
ЕГЭ-2012.
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ
ЯЗЫК:
ТИПОВЫЕ
ЭКЗАМЕНАЦИОННЫЕ
ВАРИАНТЫ
F. Some
fifty years ago people hadn’t even heard of computers, and today we
cannot
imagine our life without them. Computer technology is
now the fastest-growing
industry in the world. The first
computer was the size of a minibus and weighed
a ton. Today,
its job can be done by a chip the size of a pinhead. And the
revolution
is still going on. Very soon we’ll have computers
that we’ll wear on our wrists or
even in our glasses and
ear-rings. Such wearable computers are now being developed
in
the USA.
G. Some
American words are simply unknown on the other side of the Atlantic,
and
vice versa. But a lot of words exist in both variants, and
these can cause trouble.
British visitors to America are often
surprised at the different meanings that
familiar words have
acquired there. If an Englishman asks in an American store
for
a vest, he will be offered a waistcoat. If he wants to buy a handbag
for his
wife, he should ask for a purse, and if she wants to
buy a pair of tights, she
should ask for pantyhose: tights in
America are what ballet dancers wear.
|
A |
В |
С |
D |
E |
F |
G |
Прочитайте
текст и заполните пропуски A—F
частями предложений, обозначенными
цифрами 1—7.
Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя.
Занесите
цифры, обозначающие соответствующие
части предложений, в таблицу.
Culture
and customs
In
less than twenty years, the mobile telephone has gone from being
rare, expensive equipment of the business elite to a pervasive,
low-cost personal item. In many countries,
mobile
telephones A ; in the U.S., 50 per cent of children have
mobile
telephones. In many young adults’ households it has supplanted the
land-line
telephone. The mobile phone is В ,
such as North Korea.
Paul
Levinson in his 2004 book Cellphone
argues
that by looking back through history we can find many precursors to
the idea of people simultaneously walking and talking on a mobile
phone. Mobile phones are the next extension in portable media,
that
now can be С
into one device. Levinson highlights
that
as the only mammal to use only two out of our four limbs to walk, we
are left
two
hands free D — like talking on a mobile phone.
Levinson
writes that «Intelligence and inventiveness, applied to our
need to
communicate regardless of where we may be, led
logically and eventually to telephones
that we E .»
Given
the high levels of societal mobile telephone service penetration, it
is a key
means
for people F . The SMS feature spawned the
«texting»
sub-culture. In December 1993, the first person-to-person SMS text
message was transmitted in Finland. Currently, texting is the most
widely-used data service; 1.8 billion users generated $80 billion of
revenue in 2006.
-
to
perform other actions -
outnumber
traditional telephones -
to
communicate with each other
©
2012 Федеральный институт педагогических
измерений. © 2012 Национальное образование.
Копирование, распространение и
использование без письменного разрешения
правообладателей не допускается
ВАРИАНТ
8
81
-
combined
with the Internet -
to
serve basic needs -
banned
in some countries -
carry
in our pockets
|
A |
В |
С |
D |
E |
F |
Прочитайте
текст и выполните задания А15-А21. В каждом
задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4,
соответствующую выбранному вами
варианту ответа.
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Лексико-грамматический блок
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Грамматика и лексика 26-31
3. Лексико-грамматический блок
Формат ответа: цифра или несколько цифр, слово или несколько слов. Вопросы на соответствие «буква» — «цифра» должны записываться как несколько цифр. Между словами и цифрами не должно быть пробелов или других знаков.
Примеры ответов: 7 или здесьисейчас или 3514
Раскрыть
Скрыть
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26–32, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26-32
The King’s New Dress
Many years ago, there was a King who spent all his time and money on dressing up. He loved riding round in his 26________________ garments so that everybody could see him. EXPENSE
His wardrobes contained clothes of 27________________ patterns and designs. DIFFER
One day two 28________________ men appeared at the palace and said they could make beautiful clothes which had magical properties. HONEST
Only clever people would be able to see them — but they would be 29________________ to anyone who was stupid or not good at their job. VISIBLE
The King thought this was an excellent opportunity to find out who was wise and who was foolish in his 30________________. KING
The two men were given gold and silver thread and two 31________________ weaving machines and they started to work. WONDER
After several weeks the King decided to send an old and honest minister, who was 32________________ clever and good at his job, to visit the two men. Can you guess what he saw? CERTAIN
Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 1–9, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26-31.
Famous inventions stories
Have you ever wondered how the most famous inventions were created? From the 1 __________________ of time, humans everywhere have been inventing.
BEGIN
By looking into our past and bringing invention stories to life, we are all reminded that regular people, like you and me, were able to come up with 2 __________________ ideas that ended up having a great impact.
SUCCESS
Knowing the past can help you create the future. If you are looking for invention inspiration, background for an 3 __________________ project, or just have a curious mind – read about famous inventions. The stories of great inventions are fascinating.
EDUCATION
Some great inventions were created 4 __________________ by mistake, others by trial and error.
SIMPLE
Some 5 __________________ of the most well-known products have incredible stories of innovation to tell. INVENT
When was the parachute invented?
Have you ever felt like jumping out of a plane? Plenty of people have, but 6 __________________ most of them did it after parachutes had been invented.
THANKFUL
Leonardo da Vinci made the first real studies of flight in the 1480s. He had over 100 7 __________________ that illustrated his theories on flight.
DRAW
He designed a parachute in the 1480s, though he didn’t try it out.
In 1785, Jean Pierre Blanchard used a dog to test his parachute design. The dog was fine, and so was Blanchard when he used the parachute in 1793 to escape a balloon accident. These early parachutes didn’t catch on because there weren’t any flying machines around to make them 8 __________________ useful. REAL
The invention of airplanes has made parachutes important. Since then, their 9 __________________ has been proved many times. EFFECTIVE
Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26-31, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26-31.
What Alexander Graham Bell’s Voice Sounded Like
26 We now know what the man who made it possible to hear the voices of cross-country friends sounded like. Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor most notable for his _________ of the telephone INVENT
27 and other sound recording methods, has himself been silent in the annals of history, but thanks to the Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History in ____________ with the Library of Congress and the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, researchers have identified Bell’s voice.
COLLABORATE
28 The audio ________ come from Bell’s Volta lab, and they are some of the earliest ever made RECORD
29 Researchers discovered a transcript of recording, which was signed and dated by Bell. _____________, researchers matched this transcript with a recording dated April 15, 1885. RECENT
30 The recording sounds as old as it is, and Bell spends about 4 minutes reading numbers _________________ , signing off with “in witness whereof, hear my voice, Alexander Graham Bell.” LOUD
31 The non-invasive optical technique that was used to recover the sound is a method that has been developed over the past 10 years. The team is still recovering sound from the Volta lab discs with hopes to shed light on the __________process. INNOVATE
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26-31, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26-31.
26 Drinking coffee is an irresistible habit for millions of people and most of them find it_________ to do without it. POSSIBLE
27 Yet, doctors feel pessimistic about drinking coffee and even consider it _________ .HARM
28 Some people can drink several cups of coffee with few side effects. Other individuals may be so _________ that even a small amount coffee makes them uncomfortable SENSE
29 They may become impatient and notice some nervousness, headaches, and __________ to concentrate. ABLE
30 It is believed that coffee makes people more __________ . That is why people usually drink coffee in the morning.ENERGY
31 However, there are people who _________ feel sleepy after a cup of coffee. ACTUAL
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 1-6, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 1-6.
Future population
The United Nations (UN) has published its prediction about the size and age of the world’s population three hundred years from now. This report can help environmental 1__________________ and policy-makers to understand dramatic changes in the world’s population in the future.
SCIENCE
The report suggests that if the birth rates stay the same, there’ll be a huge expansion of the 2__________________ population.
GLOBE
You may think it 3__________________ but three centuries from now there may be over one hundred and thirty trillion people. POSSIBLE
The report says that the world’s population is likely to be 4__________________ older. The average age will be fifty while today it is twenty six.
SIGNIFICANT
Almost a quarter of all the 5__________________ of the planet will live in Africa. INHABIT
6__________________ think that India, China and the United States will continue to be countries with the biggest population. RESEARCH
Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26-31, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26-31.
York
26. York is a walled city situated at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. In old times York was the capital of a Viking _______. KING
27. In Medieval times, York was the second city of England, then, the social centre of the north, and in ______ times an important railway centre. VICTORIA
28. Today York is, among other things, the home of world-famous chocolate and one of the most wonderful ______ cities in the world. HISTORY
29. It is also one of the most______ cities in the world. BEAUTY
30. Among its museums there is the National Railway Museum with a unique ______ of steam trains and Royal Carriages. In the Castle Museum one can imagine oneself in the 19th century world of old streets, shops, farmhouses and homes. COLLECT
31. In the newest museum, York Story, ______ travel in a special electric car through an original Viking street with its sights, sounds and smells. VISIT
Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26 — 31, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста . Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26 — 31.
My grandfather was a Methodist minister. When I was growing up in Washington, his sermons at the Park Road Community Church, which he helped to found, had a 26 _____________ impact on me. POWER
He made sure I understood that I had a 27 _________ to give back and help make life better for others. RESPONSE
My mother had a master’s degree and was a teacher, a principal and then an 28_________in the local school system. My father, also a college graduate, worked at the Postal Service. ADMINISTER
I attended public schools, which were segregated at the time. I later transferred to an all-boys Catholic high school, where I played basketball and football. I was awarded a 29 __________ to Rutgers in 1963, but I had a few distractions and lost my scholarship.
My father made it plain that I had to make my own way, so I returned to Washington and enrolled at American University. To pay the bills, I worked sellling clothes in downtown department stores. SCHOLAR
After I received my marketing degree in 1968, I applied to the Xerox Corporation three times but had no luck. They did not approve of my 30 __________ form and CV. APPLY
So I went to a job fair to make my case in person, and the company hired me. I 31 ______became Xerox’s top salesperson in the mid-Atlantic area. QUICK
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1) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
The invention of video games
Do you know the story behind the invention of video games? Here is the story of the ___ (ONE) video game.
2) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
If you ___ (READ) this article in 2013, you probably imagine video games as we know them now. Nowadays we are used to online games full of colour and action.
3) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
However, the story about the invention of video games dates back to the 1940s and to a patent registered by the US patent office. The invention patent ___ (CALL) : “The cathode ray tube amusement.”
4) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
It was very primitive by today’s standards but has given the inspiration for many video games created ___ (LATE).
5) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Grandma
My grandma often comes to us to babysit my sister, Ann. Yesterday she was tired after a full day of looking after an active five-year-old, but she ___ (NOT WANT) to upset Ann and agreed to play ball in the backyard after supper.
6) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
After 5 minutes, she ___ (SIT) down on a patio chair and said, “Grandma is too old for this.”
7) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Ann came over, put her arm around Grandma’s neck and said, “Grandma, I wish you ___ (BE) newer.”
Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Cyberspace communication
Nowadays most of us go to our computers to connect with friends instead of using our phones. Cyberspace relationships have become the norm for many people, even the most ___ (CONSERVE) ones.
9) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
The convenience and ___ (EFFECTIVE) of the Web is amazing. If we want to see a movie, find a place to eat or get in touch with a friend, we go to the Web before we call on the phone.
10) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
Critics, however, say that cyberspace communication loses some important factors of the social atmosphere. Most Web ___ (USE) don’t understand that when we talk to someone, we get many messages from them just by their tone of voice and body language.
11) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
A tender ___ (EXPRESS) and eye contact cannot possibly be experienced over the Internet.
12) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
As with anything we do, without regular practice the act can become unfamiliar and ___ (COMFORT).
13) Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.
There is a possibility that much can be ___ (REAL) lost when we communicate via the Internet.
14) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Consuela
Victor Rosenheim, an American banker, was Consuela’s third husband. At first ___ they looked happy. The gossip columns, however, were suggesting that the former Colombian model was already searching for the next husband. The Rosenheims flew into London from their home in New York. The purpose of their trip was twofold.
1) look
2) glimpse
3) sight
4) view
15) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
There was always the chance that Mr. Rosenheim would take over a small merchant bank, while Mrs. Rosenheim intended to occupy her time looking ___ a suitable birthday present – for herself.
1) at
2) for
3) into
4) after
16) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
___ people have been able to discover exactly which birthday Consuela would officially be celebrating.
1) Much
2) Little
3) Many
4) Few
17) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
After a sleepless night, Victor Rosenheim ___ to get up early for an important meeting in the City, while Consuela remained in bed toying with her breakfast.
1) achieved
2) fulfilled
3) managed
4) succeeded
18) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
After breakfast Consuela ___ a couple of phone calls and then she disappeared into the bathroom. Fifty minutes later she emerged from her suite dressed in a pink Chanel suit. She stepped out of the hotel and into the morning sun to begin her search for the birthday present.
1) took
2) made
3) did
4) held
19) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
She spent some time in Asprey’s considering the latest slimline watches, a gold statue of a tiger with jade eyes and a Faberge egg. She ___ that her close friend, Tina, was not with her, she needed her advice badly.
1) regretted
2) apologized
3) disappointed
4) dissatisfied
20) Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
From there she walked to a ___ shop, which despite a determined salesman who showed her almost everything the shop had to offer, she still left empty-handed.
1) next
2) near
3) nearby
4) close
Представлено сочинение на английском языке Изобретение компьютера/ Invention of Computer с переводом на русский язык.
| Invention of Computer | Изобретение компьютера |
| A computer is an electronic device that can perform different calculating operations. With the help of a computer we can do the following things: to go to the Internet, to print texts, to watch films or to listen to music, to do mathematic calculations, to play games, to do different kinds of jobs, to draw, to compose music, to create movies and so on and so forth! | Компьютер — это электронное устройство, которое способно выполнять какие-либо вычислительные операции. С помощью компьютера мы можем делать такие вещи, как: выходить в интернет, печатать тексты, смотреть фильмы или слушать музыку, выполнять математические расчёты, играть в игры, работать по сотням специальностям, рисовать, писать музыку, создавать фильмы и многое, многое другое! |
| Since a computer is a quite complicated device it’s hard to say who and when invented it and the way we understand the device it looks like there were lots of things that can be called a computer. Thus, for example, in 1801 Joseph Marie Jacquard invented a weaving machine that was programmed and in 1927 Vannevar Bush invented a mechanic analogue computer. | Из-за того, что понятие, что такое компьютер, довольно расплывчатое, крайне сложно сказать, кто и когда изобрёл компьютер, в нашем понимании этого слова, так как устройств, подходящих под значение «компьютер» было очень много. Так, например, в 1801 году Жозеф Мари Жаккар изобрёл ткацкий станок с программным управлением, а в 1927 году Вэниваром Бушем был изобретён механический аналоговый компьютер. |
| But I believe that these are only prototypes of the modern computers. So in 1941 a German inventor Konrad Zuse created the first computer called Z3 which is the best definition of a computer. In 1943 British computer Colossus was made that could be call a computer as well. And finally in 1944 in the USA a group of scientists that was led by Howard Aiken created a computer called Mark I. All three of these inventions are considered the first computers. | Но это, по моему мнению, всё же прототипы современных компьютеров. Итак, в 1941 году немец Конрад Цузе создал первую вычислительную машину под названием Z3, которая больше всего подходит под определение компьютера. В 1943 году была построена британская вычислительная машина Colossus, которую тоже можно назвать компьютером. И, наконец, в 1944 году в США, учёные под руководством Говарда Эйкена, изобрели вычислительную машину под названием Марк I. Все эти три изобретения считаются одними из первых изобретением компьютера. |
| In the USSR there are also several computer inventors. In 1948 I. Bruk and B. Rameev demonstrated their digital computer and in 1950 Lebedev together with other scientists showed their ECM. | В СССР есть тоже несколько изобретателей компьютера. В 1948 году И. Брук и Б. Рамеев представили цифровую электронную вычислительную машину, а в 1950 году Лебедев, вместе с другими учёными, представил свою ЭВМ. |
The twenty first century is a century of technologies, computers and technology. It is well-known that the computer has become one of the main ways of getting information. Some people can’t live without it, but other thinks computers have a bad influence. Whose opinion is right?
My point of view is the following. Firstly, the computer informs us about various things. Secondly, you can travel to different countries and at the same time sitting in front of a computer screen. It is very comfortable. Thirdly, you can use a distance learning. This is a great leap of progress.
But some people are against computers. Firstly, they thought that we can work without computers, because it breaks our eyesight. Secondly, we get a lot of unnecessary information, for example — a promotion. It distracts when you are so busy.
But I do not agree with this people. To preserve the health, you should: firstly, ventilate the room; secondly, take a timeout. That you do not get useless information, you can change the computer tuner.
All in all, I want to say that I am for computers. I believe that computers can materially do our work easier and make people more educated. Our future is in our hands.
Двадцать первый век является веком технологий, компьютеров, техники. Хорошо известно, что компьютер стал одним из основных способов получения информации. Некоторые люди не могут жить без этого изобретения, но другие считают, что компьютеры имеют плохое влияние. Какое мнение правильное?
Моя точка зрения состоит в следующем. Во-первых, это сообщает нам о разных вещах. Во-вторых, с помощью компьютера мы можем делать такие произведения, как тяжело вручную. В-третьих, вы можете путешествовать в разные страны и то же время сидя напротив экрана компьютера. Это очень удобно. Кстати, вы можете использовать дистанционное обучение. Это большой скачок прогресса.
Но некоторые люди против компьютеров. Во-первых, они думали, что мы можем обойтись без компьютеров, потому что портят наше зрение. Во-вторых, мы получаем много ненужной информации, например, — реклама. Это отвлекает, когда вы заняты.
Но я не согласна с этими людьми. Чтобы ваше здоровье не испортилось, вы должны: во-первых, проветривать комнаты. Во-вторых, делать перерывы. Чтобы вы не получите бесполезной информации вы можете изменить настройки компьютера.
В целом я хочу сказать, что я за компьютеры. Я считаю, что компьютеры могут существенно делать нашу работу легче и сделать людей более образованными. Наше будущее в наших руках.
UNIT
3. COMPUTERS
-
Pre-reading
task. Match the words to their translations:
invention появляться
sophisticated управлять
advancements упрощать
appear
быть
способным
manageable
запустить
в
производство
internal
memory изобретение
simplify
сложный
handle полезный
to
be capable вход
requirement
достижения
launch
существовать
improve
управляемый
beneficial
сила
enter
улучшать
power
требование
-
Read and translate the text:
Personal
computers are now commonplace in most homes throughout the world, and
are relied on heavily by both individuals and businesses. The
invention of the computer is relatively new, emerging into our lives
relatively late in the 20th century. The technology to build such
intricate and sophisticated systems was simply not available prior to
this, though advancements in microelectronics made the vision of a
computer a realistic one. The two innovations in electronics which
allowed for this were the integrated circuit, which was manufactured
in 1959, and the microprocessor, which appeared in 1971. The
integrated circuit allowed the internal memory solutions to be
shrunken down into manageable components, whereas the microprocessor
reduced the size of a central processing unit down to a single chip.
The
microprocessor revolutionised electronics as we know it, a small
silicon chip which can process thousands of simultaneous
calculations, and replace the need for thousands of independent
transistors. Developed by Ted Hoff, in California, part of the Intel
Corporation, the microprocessor opened up new opportunities for
machines, as the processor itself was capable of handling large flows
of data, performing logical calculations and almost behaving with
intelligence.
The
first desktop computer system was manufactured for person use in
1974, The computer was termed Altair, and retailed for as little as
$400. It became extremely popular and everyone tried to sample this
new machine. This led to a whole host of computers being developed by
other companies, or by young ambitious entrepreneurs. The first well
known and reputable company to produce their own computer was Tandy
Corporation, which launched its own model in 1977. This model proved
a hit, and became the most popular of the computers on the market at
that time for two main reasons. It included a keyboard, to improve
input, and also included a cathode ray tube to provide a CTR monitor.
It also allowed information to be stored on cassette tapes, and was
also programmable.
A
couple of engineers, Stephen Wozniack and Steven Jobs, then began
their own business venture which would become known as Apple
Computers. The pair manufactured the Apple I, which was a homemade
microprocessor, from Jobs’ parents’ garage of all places. The Apple I
was then marketed to the public and was later sold to electronics
enthusiasts and hobbyists. This led to the creation of Apple
Computer, Inc., and in April, 1977, the Apple II was launched, the
world’s first personal computer system. The system was designed
exclusively by the Apple team and included a keyboard and most
notably colour graphics. The Apple II retailed at $1290.
Apple
introduced brand new features to its computer system, expandable
memory, disk-drive systems, improved data storage, and the
aforementioned colour graphics. Apple Computers became the fastest
growing business in American business history, with rival companies
being set up as a result of Apple’s huge success.
1981
saw IBM introduce their model of microcomputer, generically named the
IBM PC. 32-bit computers were revealed, which allowed for enough
power to prove beneficial in a small to medium business environment.
Users
work was simplified with the development of the Grafic User
Interface. The GUI, replaced the requirement of entering complex
commands, and brought in a much simpler ‘point and click’ strategy.
Douglas Engelbart created an «X-Y Position Indicator for a
Display System»: which effectively became the «mouse»,
which has obviously has remained a standard with modern day PC’s.
Voice recognition software now exists to rival mouse input, and
computer technology continues to grow, which opens up exciting ideas
for the not so distant future of computers.
The
invention of the computer was clearly one of the most
revolutionary
inventions
for the business world.
Obviously
one of the great inventions of our time has been the computer. Today,
billions use computers in their daily life. While the first computers
were extremely large and took up entire rooms, today, computers are
extremely small and can not only fit on your desktop, but in your
phone and on chips the size of grains of rice. Throughout the years,
the computer has evolved from an extremely expensive, cumbersome and
slow device to today’s extremely smart and quick machines with
incredible processing power.
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Андрей Богатов
Ученик
(55),
закрыт
9 лет назад
COMPUTERS: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
1. Computer is known to have been a very useful invention of the ХХ
century. Computers make our everyday lives easier. One of the main
advantages of computers seems to save time. Stored information can
be easily found at the touch of a button, people doing their work much
faster than they could in the past. We know computers to save a lot of
storage space. One computer disc, for instance, can hold the same
amount of information as several books.
2. Computers can be used for education and fun. Children can get
basic computer skills through programs that allow them to learn, draw,
paint and play. In today’s technological world, this knowledge can
only help them in the future. However, computers turned out to have
various negative aspects. Many jobs have been lost as computers can
do a lot of tasks more efficiently than people. This has led to high
unemployment rate in many countries. Moreover, endless hours in
front of a computer screen can cause health problems: eye fatigue and
headaches.
3. There are people who claim that computers are unnecessary and
make our lives more complicated. They think that we have become
too dependent on computers.
4. Computers seem to be a useful contribution to our fast-moving
world. If there had been no computers a lot of highly technological
achievements would have been impossible. Computers having
changed our lives for better, there is no reason why we should not
make them work to our advantage. However, it must be remembered that they
are here to serve us– not to replace us.