Walking is not enough to keep fit егэ ответы

6 Óçíàéòå, êàê èñïîëüçîâàòü ýòè íîâûå ñëîâà.

A

exercise — ôèçè÷åñêèå óïðàæíåíèÿ, ìîöèîí

enough — äîñòàòî÷íî

join — ïðèñîåäèíÿòüñÿ

relax — ðàññëàáëÿòüñÿ

keep — äåðæàòü, õðàíèòü, îñòàâèòü ñåáå

harm — âðåä

smoke — êóðèòü

drug — 1) íàðêîòèê; 2) ëåêàðñòâî

hard — 1) ad; òÿæåëûé, óñåðäíûé; 2) adv òÿæåëî, óñåðäíî, ñèëüíî

junk food — íåïîëíîöåííàÿ ïèùà

Â.

exercise (ôèçè÷åñêîå óïðàæíåíèå): ìíîãî óïðàæíåíèé, óïðàæíÿòüñÿ, âûïîëíÿòü ôèçè÷åñêèå óïðàæíåíèÿ. Áîðèñ äîëæåí âûïîëíÿòü áîëüøå óïðàæíåíèé.

enough (äîñòàòî÷íî): äîñòàòî÷íî åäû, äîñòàòî÷íî âðåìåíè, äîñòàòî÷íî âûñîêèé, äîñòàòî÷íî áûñòðî. Äîñòàòî÷íî ëè îâîùåé, ÷òîáû ñäåëàòü ñàëàò? Ýíí èãðàåò íà ïèàíèíî äîñòàòî÷íî õîðîøî?

Join (ïðèñîåäèíÿòüñÿ): ïðèñîåäèíèòüñÿ ê êëóáó, ïðèñîåäèíèòüñÿ ê ãðóïïå. Àëàí ïðèñîåäèíèëñÿ ê íàì íà ïðîãóëêó,

relax(ðàññëàáëÿòüñÿ): ñÿäüòå è ïîïûòàéòåñü ðàññëàáèòüñÿ â òå÷åíèå ïîëó÷àñà.

keep (kept, kept) (äåðæàòü, õðàíèòü, îñòàâèòü ñåáå): õðàíèòü ÷òî-òî, ïðîäîëæàòü äåëàòü ÷òî-òî, äåðæàòü â ñåêðåòå, âåñòè äíåâíèê, ïðèäåðæèâàòüñÿ äèåòû, ïîääåðæèâàòü ôîðìó. Ãäå ÿ ìîãó õðàíèòü ñâîè êíèãè? ß âñåãäà äåðæó â õîëîäèëüíèêå êîðîáêó ñ ìîëîêîì. Äæîí ïðîäîëæàë õîäèòü, íå ñëóøàÿ åå. Ñ äåòñòâà îíà âåäåò äíåâíèê. Âû äîëæíû âûïîëíÿòü ìíîãî óïðàæíåíèé, ÷òîáû ïîääåðæèâàòü ôîðìó. Ñòàðàéòåñü è âñåãäà äåðæèòå ñëîâî.

harm (âðåä): ìíîãî âðåäà, íèêàêîãî âðåäà, íàâðåäèòü. Ýòî íå ïðè÷èíèò âàì âðåäà, ÷òîáû íåìíîãî ïîçàíèìàòüñÿ, íà ñàìîì äåëå ýòî ïðèíåñåò âàì ìíîãî ïîëüçû. Åñëè âû ïîòðàòèòå ñòîëüêî âðåìåíè íà ðàáîòó íà êîìïüþòåðå, ýòî ïðèíåñåò âàì áîëüøå âðåäà, ÷åì ïîëüçû.

harmful (âðåäíûé): âðåäíûå ïðîäóêòû ïèòàíèÿ, âðåäíû äëÿ êîãî-òî èëè ÷åãî-òî. ×òåíèå â ïîñòåëè ìîæåò áûòü âðåäíûì äëÿ âàøèõ ãëàç.

smoke (êóðèòü):ß íå êóðþ. Ìèñòåð Áðàóí êóðèò òîëüêî ñèãàðû, îí íå êóðèò òðóáêó. Áðîñüòå êóðèòü, ýòî íàâðåäèò âàøåìó çäîðîâüþ. Íå êóðèòü!

drug: 1) (íàðêîòèê)ïðèíèìàòü íàðêîòèêè, óïîòðåáëÿòü íàðêîòèêè. Äæåííè íèêîãäà íå ïðèíèìàëà íàðêîòèêè â ñâîåé æèçíè, è îíà ãîâîðèò, ÷òî íèêîãäà íå áóäåò. Áåç íàðêîòèêîâ. 2) (ëåêàðñòâî) Àñïèðèí — ýòî èçâåñòíûé ïðåïàðàò, êîòîðûé ÷àñòî ïîìîãàåò.

hard: 1) (òÿæåëûé, óñåðäíûé) òÿæåëàÿ ðàáîòà, òðóäíûé äåíü, òÿæåëàÿ æèçíü. Òðóäíî ïîâåðèòü, ÷òî ìû ïîêèäàåì ýòî ìåñòî íàâñåãäà. 2) (òÿæåëî, óñåðäíî, ñèëüíî), óñåðäíî ðàáîòàòü, òðóäíî äûøàòü, òÿæåëî áîðîòüñÿ. ß î÷åíü ñòàðàëñÿ çàïîìíèòü åå èìÿ.

junk food (íåïîëíîöåííàÿ ïèùà): Íåïîëíîöåííàÿ åäà íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ çäîðîâîé, â íåé ìíîãî æèðà, ñîëè è ñàõàðà.

Ïðèâåäåì âûäåðæêó èç çàäàíèÿ èç ó÷åáíèêà Ìèõååâà, Àôàíàñüåâà 8 êëàññ, Äðîôà:

6 Learn how to use these new words, (60).

A

exercise — ôèçè÷åñêèå óïðàæíåíèÿ, ìîöèîí

enough — äîñòàòî÷íî

join — ïðèñîåäèíÿòüñÿ

relax — ðàññëàáëÿòüñÿ

keep — äåðæàòü, õðàíèòü, îñòàâèòü ñåáå

harm — âðåä

smoke — êóðèòü

drug — 1) íàðêîòèê; 2) ëåêàðñòâî

hard — 1) ad; òÿæåëûé, óñåðäíûé; 2) adv òÿæåëî, óñåðäíî, ñèëüíî

junk food — íåïîëíîöåííàÿ ïèùà

Â.

exercise: à lot of exercise, to get exercise, to take (have) exercise. Boris should take more exercise.

enough: enough food, enough time, tall enough, quickly enough. Are there enough vegetables to make a salad? Does Ann play the piano well enough?

join: to join the club, to join the group. Alan joined us for a walk, relax: Sit down and try to relax for half an hour.

keep (kept, kept): to keep sth, to keep doing sth, to keep a secret, to keep a diary, to keep (to) a diet, to keep fit. Where can I keep my books? I always keep a carton of milk in the fridge. John kept walking without listening to her. She has kept a diary since childhood. You should take a lot of exercise to keep fit. Try and always keep your word.

harm: a lot of harm, no harm, to do some harm. It’ll do you no harm to have some exercise, in fact it will do you a lot of good. If you spend so much time working on the computer, it’ll do you more harm than good.

harmful: harmful food, to be harmful for sb or sth. Reading in bed can be harmful for your eyes.

smoke: I don’t smoke. Mr Brown smokes only cigars, he doesn’t smoke a pipe. Stop smoking, it will damage your health. No smoking!

drug: 1) to take drugs, to use drugs. Jenny has never taken drugs in her life and she says she never will. No drug-taking. 2) Aspirin is a well-known drug that often helps.

hard: 1) hard work, a hard day, hard life. It’s hard to believe that we are leaving this place forever. 2) to work hard, to breathe hard, to fight hard. I was trying very hard to remember her name.

junk food: Junk food is not healthy, there is a lot of fat, salt and sugar in it.

*Öèòèðèðîâàíèå ÷àñòè çàäàíèÿ ñî ññûëêîé íà ó÷åáíèê ïðîèçâîäèòñÿ èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî â ó÷åáíûõ öåëÿõ äëÿ ëó÷øåãî ïîíèìàíèÿ ðàçáîðà ðåøåíèÿ çàäàíèÿ.

Walking may not be enough on its own to produce significant health benefits, research suggests.

A team from Canada’s University of Alberta compared a 10,000-step exercise programme with a more traditional fitness regime of moderate intensity.

Researchers found improvements in fitness levels were significantly higher in the second group.

They told an American College of Sports Medicine meeting that gentle exercise was not enough to get fit.

Lead researcher Dr Vicki Harber said: «Generally, low-intensity activity such as walking alone is not likely to give anybody marked health benefits compared to programmes that occasionally elevate the intensity.»

Dr Harber and her colleagues were concerned there was too much focus on simply getting people to take exercise, rather than on its intensity.

They compared people on a 10,000-step exercise regime, which they completed at their own pace, with a group whose routine was tougher, but which left them enough breath to be able to speak one or two sentences with ease at the end.

Both routines, which lasted for six months, burned off the same amount of energy. In total 128 sedentary people took part in the project.

Fitness measures

The researchers assessed impact on fitness by measuring blood pressure, and peak oxygen uptake, a measure of lung capacity.

They found that the step programme increased peak oxygen uptake by an average of 4% over the six months — but the figure for the moderate intensity exercise group was 10%.

Other markers of overall health, such as fasting plasma glucose levels and blood fat levels were unaffected by either exercise programme.

Dr Harber said: «Our concern is that people might think what matters most is the total number of daily steps accumulated, and not pay much attention to the pace or effort invested in taking those steps.»

She said the 10,000-step programme did help to get people motivated — and was an excellent way to start taking exercise.

«But to increase the effectiveness, one must add some intensity or «huff and puff» to their exercise.

«Across your day, while you are achieving those 10,000 steps, take 200 to 400 of them at a brisker pace.

‘Educated guess’

«You’ve got to do more than light exercise and move towards the inclusion of regular moderate activity, and don’t be shy to interject an occasional period of time at the vigorous level.»

Professor Stuart Biddle, an expert in exercise science at the University of Loughborough, said it was possible that the current guidelines on how much exercise to take were set too low.

«They are based on a little bit of an educated guess,» he said.

«However, you have got to strike a compromise between physiology and psychology. The harder you make it, the fewer people will actually do it.

«It may be that very small changes to the fitness of a large section of the population would have quite a big impact.»

Professor Biddle said there was no doubt that vigorous exercise was the way to get fit, but volume rather than intensity might be more useful in tackling issues such as obesity.

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1. The invention of a highlighter

2. For drawing angles

3. Three-ring binder

4. Shaped like breadbaskets

5. An ancient writing tool

6. Important properties

7. Regional differences

8. For carrying textbooks

A. An ancient Roman writing instrument, the stylus, gave rise to the modem pencil. Some early styluses were made of lead. When graphite was documented in Borrowdale, England, in 1564, the mineral replaced the heavy metal. Graphite left a darker mark on papyrus, but it was so soft that it crumbled easily. To protect the graphite, a holder had to be fashioned for it. The first holders were nothing more than string wound around graphite sticks. Later, hollow wooden sticks replaced the string.

B. In the United States and Canada, it’s an eraser. But in the United Kingdom, India, Ireland, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, the object used to eradicate pencil or ink marks is known as a rubber. Before 1770, when erasers first appeared, many people used small rubber or wax slabs to rub out their penciled mistakes. To eradicate errors in ink, they employed sandstone or pumice. Japanese writers used soft bread to erase pencil marks.

C. Starting in 1888, when American tanner John Loud patented his version of a ballpoint pen to mark hides, over 350 other inventors began patenting additional designs for a ballpoint pen, but none of them saw production. The viscosity, or thickness, of the ink had to be just right: too thin, and it leaked; too thick, and it clogged. The ink’s viscosity was often at the mercy of the temperature. In 1935, Ladislas and Greg Biro set out to invent a better pen and made their Biro pen.

D. Before the 1960s, when Japanese inventor Yukio Horie invented a felt-tip pen that used water-based ink, students kept track of important textbook information by making marginal notes and underlining key words and passages. In 1963, Carter’s Ink produced the Hi-Liter, a marker similar to Horie’s pen. Both instruments rely on capillary action to draw ink into their tips. Fluorescent colours were introduced in 1978. Since then, polyethylene beads molded into porous heads have replaced felt tips, and there are retractable and scented models.

E. The protractor has been measuring angles for 500 years. Mapma- ker Thomas Blundeville first described the instrument in his 1589 monograph. By the early 17th century, protractors were commonly used by maritime navigators. By the 20th century, their use among students in elementary and intermediate schools became prevalent. The variety of uses for protractors dictates their range of shapes. Protractors made of brass, steel, ivory, and plastic appear in the forms of circles, rectangles, squares, semicircles and quarter-circles.

F. German inventor and office supplier Friedrich Soennecken invented the ring binder in 1886. Later, two holes in the side of the binder were added, 80 millimeters apart from one another, setting the standard distance between these openings. When loose-leaf paper appeared in 1854, Henry T. Sisson invented the two- and three- ring binders, but they weren’t mass-produced until 1899, when the Chicago Binder and File Company began to sell the product. The three-ring version remains the most favoured by today’s students.

G. Backpacks haven’t been around for very long. Before their advent, students strapped stacks of books together and carried them at the end of leather or cloth thongs. Alternatively, they carried them by hand, boys slung under their arms, girls cradling them as though they were babes in arms. In 1938, outdoor clothing and gear retailer Gerry Outdoors invented the first zippered backpack, but students weren’t interested in them at the time. They sold mostly to campers, hikers, and skiers. Students stuck with straps or used small briefcases called satchels.

2

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А—G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

A The customer is worried about getting spare parts for the computer.

B The salesperson says there are no stocks at the Head Office in London.

C The customer has to bring the computer back to the Head Office in the event of a fault.

D The customer is satisfied with other firms’ speedy service.

E The annual charge for the service increases every year.

F The customer asks about the sort of paper for the printer.

G The customer says they’ve had only one printer up to now.

Вы услышите часть интервью с актёром, который сыграл роль капитана Барбосса в фильмах «Пираты Карибского Моря». В заданиях 3—9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

3

Geoffrey Rush believes that the reason why he comes back is

3) the teamwork.

Ответ: .

4

Geoffrey Rush says that improvisation

3) usually becomes part of the script.

Ответ: .

5

One of the most predictable pirate clichés is

Ответ: .

6

While talking with Terry Rossio, Geoffrey Rush came up with the idea of
1) hiding money in a peg leg.
2) drinking alcohol out of a peg leg.
3) having a weapon in a peg leg.
Ответ: .

7

Penelope Cruz

3) sharpened the actors’ wits.

Ответ: .

8

Geoffrey Rush is sure that in the fifth film
1) Barbossa’s wish to have more power will increase.
2) Barbossa will lose his power.
3) Barbossa will turn into James Cameron.
Ответ: .

9

In the fifth film Terry Rossio might explore

3) things that aren’t connected with piracy.

Ответ: .

Раздел 2. ЧТЕНИЕ

10

Установите соответствие между заголовками 1—8 и текстами A—G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

A. Acid rain moves easily, affecting locations far beyond those that let out the pollution. As a result, this global pollution issue causes great debates between countries that fight over polluting each other’s environments. The problem is that acid rain, one of the most important environmental problems of all, cannot be seen. Some scientists think that human production is primarily responsible, while others cite natural causes as well.

B. Air pollution has many disastrous effects that need to be curbed. In order to accomplish this, governments, scientists and environmentalists are using or testing a variety of methods aimed at reducing pollution. There are two main types of pollution control. Input controls are usually more effective than output controls. Output controls are also more expensive, making them less desirable to tax payers and polluting industries.

C. Global warming is called the greenhouse effect because the gases that are gathering above the earth make the planet comparable to a greenhouse. By trapping heat, the greenhouse effect is warming the planet and threatening the environment. Current fears stem largely from the fact that global warming is occurring at such a rapid pace. Models are predicting that over the next century the global temperature will rise by several degrees.

D. Individuals often throw out goods without realizing that they could be dangerous for the environment. No matter where people put these materials, there is always a chance that they could find their way into the ground and eventually into our bodies. Special research is necessary to provide data on the effects of every chemical as well as to learn how combinations of these chemicals affect human health.

E. Only a few factors combine to create the problem of ozone layer depletion. The production and emission of CFCs, chlorofluorocarbons, is by far the leading cause. Many countries have called for the end of CFC production. However, those industries that do use CFCs do not want to discontinue usage of this highly valuable industrial chemical. So it’s important to make people realize the disaster CFCs cause in the stratosphere.

F. Unlike some environmental issues, rainforest depletion has fortunately received significant public and media attention. According to some estimates, 50 million acres of rain forest are cut down every year. Every year, Brazil chops down an area of forest the size of the state of Nebraska. In Indonesia, Zaire, Papua-New Guinea, Malaysia, Burma, the Philippines, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, and Venezuela, rain forests that were once great have been lost.

G. The world’s population has been booming for years. The population is now threatening to reach the stage where there are simply too many people for the planet to support. Greater populations pollute and consume more, ruining the environment and creating or intensifying a variety of problems. Also, with the food supply limited, the increase in population will make shortages in many parts of the world even worse.

11

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A—F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

On 25 October 1881, a little boy was born in Malaga, Spain. It was a difficult birth and to help him breathe, cigar smoke was blown into his nose! But despite being the youngest ever smoker, this baby grew up to be one of the 20th century’s greatest painters — Pablo Picasso.

Picasso showed his truly exceptional talent from a very young age. His first word was lapiz (Spanish for pencil) and he learned to draw before he could talk.

He was the only son in the family and very good-looking, A ____________. He hated school and often refused to go unless his doting parents allowed him to take one of his father’s pet pigeons with him!

Apart from pigeons, his great love was art, and when in 1891 his father, who was an amateur artist, got a job as a drawing teacher at a college, Pablo went with him to the college. He often watched his father painting and sometimes was allowed to help. One evening his father was painting a picture of their pigeons B ____________. He returned to find that Pablo had completed the picture, and it was so amazingly beautiful and lifelike that he gave his son his own palette and brushes and never painted again. Pablo was just 13.

From then onwards there was no stopping him. Many people realized that he was a genius but he disappointed those C ____________. He was always breaking the rules of artistic tradition and shocked the public with his strange and powerful pictures. He is probably best known for his ‘Cubist’ pictures, D ____________. His paintings of people were often made up of triangles and squares with their features in the wrong place. His work changed our ideas about art E ____________. Guernica, which he painted in 1937, records the bombing of that little Basque town during the Spanish Civil War, and is undoubtedly one of the masterpieces of modern painting.

Picasso died of heart failure during an attack of influenza in 1973. The artist created over 6,000 paintings, drawings and sculptures. Today a ‘Picasso’ costs several million pounds, F ____________.

1. which used only simple geometric shapes
2. so he was thoroughly spoilt
3. which is not surprising
4. that is why he was very hard-working
5. when he had to leave the room
6. who wanted him to become a traditional painter
7. that is why to millions of people modern art means the work of Picasso

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

After graduating from medical school, Eugene Alford built a lucrative career as an ear, nose, and throat specialist and a facial plastic surgeon at Methodist Hospital. In the summers, he and his wife Mary, a dentist and former paediatric nurse, would join a church-sponsored medical mission to Honduras, where he operated on the needy in a rural clinic.

At home, Alford treated many prominent Houston residents, but he also waived his fee for less fortunate patients. Carolyn Thomas, for instance, went to see him with a large gauze bandage over a cavity in her face. She had been shot by her boyfriend, who had also killed her mother. The bullet had blown away Thomas’s nose, upper jaw, and right eye. Reconstruction would have cost a million dollars, but Alford, his medical team, and his hospital did it for free.

Whenever Alford needed to relax after a particularly gruelling period of work, he’d drive to his ranch in Bellville and lose himself in farm chores. He didn’t make it out there as often as he would have liked. As a plastic surgeon at Methodist Hospital, he had performed 800 operations over the previous year and was booked solid for months ahead.

So on a chilly Sunday a few days after Christmas, Alford headed out through the pine bush, intending to clear a trail for deer hunting. As he cut through underbrush in the south pasture, Alford brought the tractor to a halt in front of a dead white oak standing in his path. He nudged the trunk with the tractor’s front-end loader, expecting the tree to topple neatly to the ground. Instead the top half of the oak swayed towards him. In seconds, more than a ton of hardwood slammed down on him, crushing his spine.

Pinned to the steering wheel, Alford could barely breathe. He tried to hit the brakes, but his legs failed to respond. When he found he could move his hands, he turned off the ignition, then with great effort pulled his cell phone from his shirt pocket and called his wife on speed dial. ‘Mary,’ he gasped, ‘a tree fell on me. I’m going to die.’ ‘Don’t quit!’ she shouted. ‘We’re coming to get you!’ Alford was still conscious when his neighbours Kevin and Snuffy, alerted by Mary, hauled the tree off him. A rescue helicopter touched down minutes later, and Alford advised the paramedics on which drugs to administer to him. Then he blacked out.

He was flown to the trauma unit at Medical Centre in Houston, then quickly transferred to Methodist. The operation was successful, but the patient was still in danger. After almost two weeks in the ICU, Alford awoke, and his condition improved enough for him to be taken to a rehabilitation unit, where he began physical therapy and learned to use a wheelchair. In February 2008, six weeks after the accident, Alford returned to his 100-year-old home in Houston. At first, he was so weak that he could sit up only when strapped into a wheelchair.

Before the accident, Alford had been a solidly built six-footer and was used to being in charge. Now, entirely dependent on others, he fell into despair. ‘If it weren’t for my wife and kids, I would have killed myself,’ he says. But then the love started pouring in. Alford’s brother maintained a blog to provide updates about Alford’s recovery. Over the next three months, he received 40,000 messages from colleagues, former patients, acquaintances, even strangers. The outpouring raised his spirits. It also gave Mary a new perspective on him. For years, Alford’s schedule of 15-hour days hadn’t left him much time for her and the kids. ‘I’d just about decided you liked work more than us,’ Mary told him one day over lunch. ‘But now I realize you didn’t want to leave the hospital because there were so many folks that needed you. You couldn’t just abandon them.’

The couple refurbished their house with ramps, a wheelchair-accessible bathroom, and an elevator. They bought an extended-cab pickup truck and fitted it with a wheelchair hoist, a swivelling driver’s seat, and hand controls so Alford could drive himself.

But Alford’s goal was to make such adjustments temporary. After a month of physical therapy, he graduated from an electric to a manual wheelchair. The daily workouts built strength in his back and abdominal muscles, improving his ability to hold himself upright. Soon he was able to stand with the aid of a tubular steel frame; seated in his chair, he could now draw his legs toward his chest.

In May, Alford began the next phase of treatment. By putting a paralyzed patient through his paces, therapists hoped to grow new neuromuscular connections. After three months of this routine, Alford’s coordination had improved markedly. He felt ready to pick up a scalpel again, with the hospital’s approval. Alford still goes for four hours of rehab every morning and spends his evenings stretching and riding a motorized stationary bike to keep muscle spasms at bay. But in the hours between, he sees patients or performs surgeries — as many as five a week.

He’s eager to do more complex surgeries and plans to increase his workload. Walking remains uncertain. ‘I always tell him if I had a crystal ball, I’d be a millionaire,’ says Marcie Kern, one of his physical therapists. Still, the doctor considers himself a lucky man.

(Adapted from ‘His Own Medicine: a Doctor’s Story of Healing’ by Michael Haederle)

12

Eugene Alford

Ответ: .

13

In paragraph 3 ‘gruelling’ means

Ответ: .

14

As a result of the accident, the oak broke Alford’s

Ответ: .

15

Before the accident, Alford
1) was in charge of the hospital.
2) liked his work more than his family.
3) worked 15 hours a week.
4) could not spend much time with his wife and children.
Ответ: .

16

To make Alford feel more comfortable
1) the family equipped their house with necessary facilities.
2) his 100-year-old house was redecorated.
3) the family bought a new house.
4) his old pickup truck was fitted with a wheelchair hoist.
Ответ: .

17

After physical therapy and daily workouts
1) Alford didn’t need a wheelchair.
2) Alford’s stamina came back.
3) Alford started to perform simple operations.
4) Alford’s coordination improved markedly.
Ответ: .

18

At present Alford
1) feels sorry for himself.
2) is planning to practise medicine as well as he used to.
3) is going to start walking.
4) wants to become a millionaire.
Ответ: .

Раздел 3. ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19—25.

Обратите внимание, что по правилам ЕГЭ ответы нужно писать без пробелов и других знаков, например, правильный ответ ‘have done’ нужно будет записать как ‘havedone’, иначе ваш ответ не засчитается.

A Practical Joke

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26—31, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26—31.

Distance Learning

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32—38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32—38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Machu Picchu

In a way, it’s wonderful that Machu Picchu can nowadays be visited on a day 32____ from Cuzco. Everyone probably should have a chance to see this remarkable place.

Like many travellers, I hoped to get a taste of Machu Picchu’s ‘lost in the clouds’ atmosphere by approaching the ruins on foot 33____ the Inca trail. I joined the obligatory tour group in Cuzco, then spent the next four days surrounded by others making the classic pilgrimage. Along the way, we crossed several breathtaking Andean passes, treading on original Inca paving stones, and passing several other fine ruins.

Our last 34____ stop was at an exquisitely beautiful site called Huinay Huayna, where dozens of impossibly steep terraces cascade into a deep green gorge backed by a high waterfall. My new-found travelling companions included five Argentines who 35____ my interest in exploring Huinay Huayna by moonlight.

The only problem was a slight difference in styles. Mine was more along the lines of silent and meditative contemplation; theirs involved a ritualistic circle chant, led by the charismatic lone male in the group whom I thereafter nicknamed the Warlock. Absenting myself from the circle that night, I made a mental note to 36____ my distance from them the next day at Machu Picchu.

Before dawn the following morning we climbed to the mountaintop Gateway of the Sun, hoping for the classic panoramic view of Machu Picchu before the tour buses arrived. Unfortunately, the weather did not cooperate. With dozens of other disappointed trekkers, I shivered on the hilltop in chilly fog for two hours, waiting for a sunrise that never came, then trudged down the hill to Machu Picchu itself. As I 37____, the clouds started lifting, revealing the place to be every bit as spectacular as I could have hoped. By day’s end, my tour group had dispersed, apparently preferring a hot bath. I, however, felt I was just 38____ the surface.

32

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33

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34

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35

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36

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37

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38

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Задание 11

Пропуск	A	B	C	D	E	F
Часть предложения	4	6	1	2	5	7

Answers:

A — 4: in fitness levels

B — 6: not enough to get fit

C — 1: part in the project

D — 2: taking exercise

E — 5: on simply getting people to take exercise

F — 7: a compromise between physiology and psychology

Walking is not enough to keep fit

Walking may not be enough on its own to produce significant health benefits, research suggests.

A team from Canada’s University of Alberta compared a 10,000-step exercise programme with a more traditional fitness regime of moderate intensity. Researchers found improvements __in fitness levels__ were significantly higher in the second group.

They told an American College of Sports Medicine meeting that gentle exercise was __not enough to get fit__. In total 128 people took __part in the project__.

The researchers assessed influence on fitness by measuring blood pressure and lung capacity. They found out the 10,000-step programme did help to get people motivated – and was an excellent way to start __taking exercise__.

But to increase the effectiveness, some intensity must be added to their exercise. “Across your day, while you are achieving those 10,000 steps, take 200 to 400 of them at a faster pace. You’ve got to do more than light exercise and include regular moderate activity, and don’t be shy to have an occasional period of time at an energetic level.” The researchers were concerned there was too much focus __on simply getting people to take exercise__, rather than on its intensity.

Professor Stuart Biddle, an expert in exercise science at the University of Loughborough, said it was possible that the current guidelines on how much exercise to take were set too low. “However, you have got to find __a compromise between physiology and psychology__. The harder you make it, the fewer people will actually do it.” Professor Biddle said there was no doubt that energetic exercise was the way to get fit, but volume rather than intensity might be more useful in tackling issues such as obesity.

Аудирование Чтение Языковой материал Письмо Говорение