What do you know about moscow it be егэ - Помощь в подготовке к экзаменам и поступлению

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Archibald Mirrielees lived in

1)  Moscow at the beginning of the 20th century.

2)  Moscow in the second half of the 19th century.

3)  St Petersburg in the first half of the 19th century.

4)  St Petersburg at the beginning of the 20th century.

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The word ‘ambitious’ in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to the word

1)  determined.

2)  aggressive.

3)  arrogant.

4)  hopeful.

According to the 4th paragraph, Andrew Muir

1)  was responsible for the quality of imported goods.

2)  started selling musical instruments in Moscow.

3)  spent his holidays in different European countries.

4)  had two grown-up sons who were helping him.

According to the article, which of the following was NOT a novelty that made a Department store different from an ordinary small shop?

1)  Clients could order goods from stores to be delivered to their homes.

2)  Clients could return goods to the store and get their money back.

3)  Client could pay much less if they negotiated the price at the store.

4)  Clients could buy things cheaper at the store at certain seasons.

William Whiteley called his store a ‘Universal Provider’ because

1)  he sold his goods all over the country.

2)  of the variety of goods that were sold there.

3)  his clients came from all social classes.

4)  he provided many smaller shops with goods.

According to paragraph 7, on November 24, 1900

1)  Feodor Shalyapin was watching the fire from across the street.

2)  Feodor Shalyapin had fewer admirers listening to him than usually.

3)  there was a drama played at the Bolshoi, rather than an opera.

4)  performances in the Bolshoi and Maly theatres ended at midnight.

The new Muir & Mirrielees building seemed unusual to Muscovites because

1)  from the outside it looked like a sky-scraper.

2)  of the modern technologies that were used in it.

3)  it was designed by an American architect.

4)  of the attractive decorations on the lifts.

According to the 4th paragraph, Andrew Muir

1)  was responsible for the quality of imported goods.

2)  started selling musical instruments in Moscow.

3)  spent his holidays in different European countries.

4)  had two grown-up sons who were helping him.

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The word ‘ambitious’ in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to the word

1)  determined.

2)  aggressive.

3)  arrogant.

4)  hopeful.

Archibald Mirrielees lived in

1)  Moscow at the beginning of the 20th century.

2)  Moscow in the second half of the 19th century.

3)  St Petersburg in the first half of the 19th century.

4)  St Petersburg at the beginning of the 20th century.

According to the article, which of the following was NOT a novelty that made a Department store different from an ordinary small shop?

1)  Clients could order goods from stores to be delivered to their homes.

2)  Clients could return goods to the store and get their money back.

3)  Client could pay much less if they negotiated the price at the store.

4)  Clients could buy things cheaper at the store at certain seasons.

William Whiteley called his store a ‘Universal Provider’ because

1)  he sold his goods all over the country.

2)  of the variety of goods that were sold there.

3)  his clients came from all social classes.

4)  he provided many smaller shops with goods.

According to paragraph 7, on November 24, 1900

1)  Feodor Shalyapin was watching the fire from across the street.

2)  Feodor Shalyapin had fewer admirers listening to him than usually.

3)  there was a drama played at the Bolshoi, rather than an opera.

4)  performances in the Bolshoi and Maly theatres ended at midnight.

The new Muir & Mirrielees building seemed unusual to Muscovites because

1)  from the outside it looked like a sky-scraper.

2)  of the modern technologies that were used in it.

3)  it was designed by an American architect.

4)  of the attractive decorations on the lifts.

Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1.  A lasting relationship

2.  An inspirational city

3.  An unexpected discovery

4.  A brilliant celebration

5.  A random birthday

6.  Undestroyed beauty

7.  The future of the city

8.  Not intellectual enough

A. Nobody knows when Moscow first appeared on the face of the earth. It is true that the first mention of Moscow dates back to 1147, but by that time it had probably been around for a while and was big enough to be mentioned in the Russian chronicles. Still, it is convenient to use that date to celebrate Moscow’s anniversaries which we are doing this year – Moscow has turned 870, a respectable age for one of the biggest capitals in the world!

B. Throughout its history, Moscow has been visited by many English speakers. The first British people arrived in Moscow in 1553 by accident. In the age of great geographical discoveries, when Spanish and Portuguese navigators were

sailing the world in search of the shortest way to Asia, British merchants tried to find their own way – through the Arctic. When they were stopped by ice, they turned their ships south and ended up in Russia.

C. Ivan the Terrible was happy to meet the first English merchants and granted them privileges to make trade between Russia and Britain easy. This was how The Muscovy Company appeared in Britain. The Czar even granted them a house near the Kremlin. This solid brick building has survived all the fires of Moscow and can be visited today. In 1994, during Queen Elizabeth’s visit to Moscow, it was turned into a museum – The Old English Court.

D. Mr Francis Pargiter was one of the merchants of The Muscovy Company and visited Moscow in the 1660s. He did not leave a written account of his trip, but his impressions of Moscow were recorded by his friend – Samuel Pepys, a

Member of Parliament who kept a diary. Mr Pargiter described Moscow as ‘a very great city’ but mostly with wooden houses and with very few people playing chess and ‘not a man that speaks Latin’!

E. In 1867, Moscow’s 720th anniversary, a trip to Moscow was undertaken by the author of “Alice in Wonderland”, Lewis Carrol. He described Moscow as a ‘wonderful city, a city of white houses and green roofs, of conical towers that rise one out of another like a telescope; of bulging glided domes, in which you can see as in looking glass, distorted pictures of the city.’ It is believed that the idea of “Through the Looking Glass” came to the writer during his trip to Russia.

F. In 1917, during the restless days of the Revolution, when not many people even remembered Moscow’s 770th anniversary, Moscow was visited by the American journalist John Reed. Among the fires and destroyed buildings, he

was happy to see St. Basil’s Cathedral untouched: ‘Late at night we went through the empty streets to the great Red Square. The church of Vasili Blazheiny loomed fantastic, its bright-coloured cupolas vague in darkness’.

G. In 1947, the American writer John Steinbeck witnessed Moscow’s 800th anniversary celebration. ‘The walls of the Kremlin and its towers were outlined in electric lights. Every public building was floodlighted. In every public square dance stands had been put up, and in some of the squares little booths, made to look like Russian fairy-tale houses, had been erected for sale of sweets, and ice-cream, and souvenirs’, he wrote in his Russian Journal.

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1.  Moscow is not for sale

2.  The city of the future

3.  True to life

4.  The younger generation

5.  A new home

6.  One of many

7.  A team effort

8.  A hidden treasure

A. Hotel Ukraina is a remarkable building. It is located at the beginning of Kutuzovsky Avenue on the bank of the Moskva River. Built in 1957 and having a style of its own, it is worth seeing as an architectural sight. But if you go inside and walk all the way to the end of the lobby you will be rewarded with an even better sight, the existence of which is not widely known.

B. You will see there a diorama of the central part of Moscow as it looked back in 1977. This is a model of the center of Russia’s capital that was made by a large group of artists for the 1977 Soviet National Exhibition in the USA. This true work of art has a special illumination system, so Moscow can be seen during the daytime and at night when the sky turns dark and the windows of the buildings light up.

C. The model is 16 metres wide, 6 metres tall and 9.5 metres deep. On this model you can see the Kremlin and Red Square with tourist buses parked behind St Basil’s Cathedral, Rossiya Hotel, the Moskva River with river trams, the embankment with cars, New Arbat street, and even the high-rise of the Moscow State University and the Ostankino TV and radio Tower. The model is very detailed and accurate.

D. After its display in Deer Park in New York City in 1977, this unique model of Moscow travelled for several years all around the world and then back to Moscow. It won a gold medal at the Leipzig Fair and was called a masterpiece. The famous US astronaut Neil Armstrong, who was the first man to walk the surface of the Moon, wanted to buy this model of Moscow for Disneyland. But the artists refused to sell it.

E. After its return to Moscow, the model was kept at VDNH, and then was purchased by Hotel Ukraina. Since then it’s been admired by the guests of this hotel. You can look at the model from two different levels  — the same level as the model itself, or an upper floor. The model is supplied with several pairs of headphones with an audio guide in English, Russian, French and German, explaining which part of Moscow you are looking at.

F. Even though so special and unique, this is not the only model of Moscow that exists in the city. A new architectural model of Moscow was built at VDNH in 2017. It is a lot bigger than the 1977 model and is more up to date. It occupies a special building and can be visited free of charge. The main difference is that even though equally accurate and even more detailed, the new model is just a model and not a piece of art.

G. Perhaps, the first model of a big city was created in 1940 in Los Angeles. Since then, there have been made many models of different cities around the world. One of the most impressive ones is the model of Jerusalem, Israel. It is a 1:50- scale model of how the city looked in the 1^st century AD. It occupies 2,000 square meters and is located outdoors, in the Billy Rose Sculpture garden of the Israel Museum.

Текст	A	B	C	D	E	F	G
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1.  Good for kings

2.  A picturesque location

3.  A northern influence

4.  Nights are for sleeping

5.  It worked!

6.  Unseen treasures

7.  Dance with the devil

8.  Hungry for in-person events

A. Every third Saturday in May, museums in many countries around the world remain open until midnight or even later, some of them until the early morning hours. This international cultural event is known as the Long Night of Museums or the Night of Museums and has already become a tradition. The main reason for the event is to attract more people to museums, especially young people, and to show what museums have to offer. This policy has proved effective: in 2021, almost 2 million people visited museums that night.

B. The first Long Night of Museums took place in Berlin in 1997. One of the inspirations for its creation was the annual White Nights Festival of classical music that is held every year in St. Petersburg, Russia, from June 12 to July 2  — the time when the northern skies of Russia’s «second capital» never reach complete darkness. The second place that took up the idea of the Long Night of Museums was Paris, where this cultural event first took place in 2002 and included performing arts.

C. The first Night of Museums in Russia was held in 2002 in Krasnoyarsk. St. Petersburg and Saratov joined the new tradition in 2006, while Moscow and Ekaterinburg joined it in 2007. Later, the event became very popular in Russia, and in addition to museums, some of the embassies in Moscow opened their doors for the visitors. Embassies in Moscow often occupy beautiful 19th century mansions that are famous for both their architecture and interior design. This was the first time they were open to the public.

D. In 2021, in addition to the Night of Museums, and perhaps, to make up for the year 2020, when only online tours were possible because of COVID, the City of Moscow held Days of Historic and Cultural Heritage from April 18 to May 31, when as many as 18 embassies welcomed tourists. Among these were the British and American Ambassador’s residences, the embassies of France, Italy, Norway and other countries. To be able to see these legendary buildings people had to sign up well in advance.

E. The British Ambassador’s residence is located across the Moskva River from the Kremlin, in Sofiyskaya Embankment. The building was built in the early 1890-s by Russia’s biggest sugar manufacturer Pavel Kharitonenko. The gothic interior design by architect Schechtel makes it one of the most beautiful buildings in Moscow. The building was given to the British Embassy in 1929. During their official visits to Moscow Queen Elizabeth II in 1994, Princess Diana in 1995 and Princess Royal Anne in 2014 stayed in this building.

F. Spaso House, the residence of the American Ambassador in Moscow, is located in Spasopeskovskaya Square near Arbat street, close to the location depicted in Vasily Polenov’s famous painting «Moscow Courtyard». The building was built in 1913 and until 1917 belonged to the textile industrialist Nikolay Vtorov. It has been the residence of the US Ambassador since 1933. Concerts and art exhibitions are often held at Spaso House, but none of them can compare with the Spring Festival of 1935.

G. In April, 1935, the US Ambassador Bullitt decided to throw an extraordinary party at his residence. Trees and flowers were ordered for the decorations, birds and animals were borrowed from the Moscow Zoo, including parakeets, pheasants, goats and even a baby bear! Soviet ministers and generals were among the 400 guests, as well as the writer Mikhail Bulgakov. The Spring Festival lasted all night, and later Bulgakov used this setting for the Spring Ball of the Full Moon, aka Satan’s Ball, in his novel The Master and Margarita.

Текст	A	B	C	D	E	F	G
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1.  A shop that inspired writers

2.  Country’s brave defenders

3.  A truly international place

4.  Governesses of rich children

5.  Birth of a popular sport

6.  Textile business links

7.  A nice-sounding building

8.  The initial steps of commerce

A. Moscow has always been a multicultural city. If we look back at its history, we will see that there were several foreign communities living in Moscow on a permanent basis. We all know about German people inhabiting the banks of the Yauza river, where little Peter, the future tsar of all Russia, ran around, made friends and got his first ideas of learning about ships and fleets. But what do we know about the British community of Moscow? Did it even exist?

B. The first ties between Russia and Britain were formed in the middle of the 16th century in the time of Ivan the Terrible. It was then that some wealthy British merchants founded the Muscovy Company which held a monopoly on trade between Britain and Russia until 1698. The building of its Moscow headquarters was granted to the company by the tsar in 1556 and can be still visited at 4, Varvarka Street, known to us now as The Old English Court.

C. Beginning from the time of Peter the Great, several talented British military men moved to Russia. Many of them served as army generals and navy admirals, defending Russian borders in different wars and battles. Among the most famous ones were Field Marshall James Bruce, Field Marshall Barclay de Tolly and Admiral Thomas Mackenzie, all of them of Scottish origin.

D. In the 18th century, British industrialists made themselves known in Russia. One of the most outstanding figures was Robert McGill, who lived in Moscow and served as an intermediary between Lancashire mill engineers and the Russian cotton industry, and built over 150 mills (cotton factories) in Russia. Robert McGill had a house in Spiridonovka Street and together with his wife Jane was a prominent member of the British community in Moscow.

E. If you talk to Moscow concert musicians who were active between the 1960s and the 1990s, they will tell you of the fantastic acoustics of the “Melodiya” recording studio at 8, Voznesensky Lane, which they lovingly called ‘kirche’, mistakenly thinking it was a German church. This building, designed in the English neo-gothic architectural style, was in fact built in 1885 by Robert McGill and is St. Andrew’s Anglican Church, which was used as a recording studio in Soviet times.

F. Another spectacular example of British architecture in Moscow is the old building of TsUM next to the Bolshoy and Maly theatres. Built in the early 1900s, it was back then the biggest department store in Moscow. It was owned by Scottish merchants Andrew Muir and Archie Mirrielees. Mayakovsky mentions Muir&Mirrielees in several of his poems, while Chekhov named his dogs after its two owners.

G. In 1887, two other cotton industrialists from Lancashire, Clement and Harry Charnock, moved to work at a cotton factory in Orekhovo-Zuevo, near Moscow. They were both great football fans and decided to introduce this game to the workers of the factory. This resulted in the first professional football team in Russia which after the Revolution became the core of Moscow Dynamo team.

Текст	A	B	C	D	E	F	G
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1.  A time for physical exercise

2.  It is worth it!

3.  Traditional winter drinks

4.  Not as bad as you may think!

5.  A unique cultural season

6.  Just know the right people!

7.  Too pretty to be real!

8.  Where old and new times meet

A. If you mention travelling to Moscow in the winter, most foreign tourists will think you are crazy. Many of them will imagine snow, freezing temperatures and having to wear big parkas and fur hats. They are missing out, though, because winter in Moscow is like a fairy tale, and one of the most beautiful times of the year to visit. There is so much to see and do that the chance to visit this beautiful city during the winter should not be missed.

B. The shocking truth is that the Russian capital at wintertime is not as cold as many people would imagine. While the weather can be unpredictable, most of the time the temperature is around –5 degrees Celsius with a moderate amount of snow. Compared to Siberia, it is very mild. The biggest problems are that you can slip and fall on the ice, and salt on the sidewalks which can destroy your boots.

C. Many famous places of interest in Moscow become magical in the winter. Red Square is one of the first places to go to. With the snow falling gently, Saint Basil’s Cathedral looks like a giant wedding cake covered in icing. Another place one should certainly visit is Novodevichy Convent with its lacelike towers and golden domes. When surrounded by snow, it resembles a fairy-tale castle of a beautiful princess.

D. Muscovites enjoy a wide variety of sports and activities in the wintertime. Cross-country skiing is a great way to both get fit and enjoy the winter beauty of the many public parks in Moscow. Another favorite pastime is ice skating. There is a giant skating rink every winter in Red Square and many smaller rinks throughout the city. There are many other winter sports that are popular such as snowboarding, sledding and ice fishing.

E. There are a lot of events in Moscow that can be experienced only in winter. The New Year holiday celebration is the most special time of the year and is like Christmas and New Year’s Eve combined into one big party. The Russian Winter festival features performances of traditional Russian song and dance, games, crafts and ice sculptures. Finally, those feeling brave can dive into an ice hole for the Epiphany holiday.

F. If you get too cold while walking around, you can always go into a shop to warm up. There are many modern shopping malls throughout Moscow, but if you want to experience the retro charm and nostalgia of days past, there is no better place than GUM on Red Square or Eliseevsky food store on Tverskaya. In addition, there are many cafes located throughout the city if you need a hot drink or something to eat.

If you make Russian friends, you may get invited to their dacha and see the beautiful winter countryside outside Moscow. Here the snow will be deeper and the temperatures lower, but you won’t be too cold as Russians have ways to stay warm. Best of all is the Russian Steam Bath. You can sit in the steam and when you find yourself hot and sweaty, you can do as the Russians do and jump in the snow outside to cool off.

Текст	A	B	C	D	E	F	G
Заголовок

1.  The show must go on!

2.  A woman leads the way

3.  It’s only a figure of speech

4.  A good reward for a good job

5.  A long break

6.  Not built in a day

7.  The lucky few

8.  Top secret

A.When British people decide to change their place of residence, they sometimes use the expression ‘to move house’ and say something like “I’m moving house next week”. This idiom often baffles foreigners who realize that no houses referred to are going to change their location. It is a person who is moving, not the house! But then again, when it comes to idioms, logic rarely works. It’s only in real life that houses don’t move. Or… do they?

B. There have been several cases in history when houses were indeed moved to different locations. Perhaps the very first one to be moved was the 25-metertall bell tower of the church of Santa Maria Maggiore in Bologna which was protruding in the middle of the street making it difficult for pedestrians to walk around it. In 1455, a young engineer Aristotle Fioravanti succeeded in moving the tower 13 meters and earned 50 gold ducats for that!

C. Moscow is one of the few cities in the world that can boast of a great number of moved buildings  — all in all, about 70! The very first relocation took place in 1897 during the expansion of the Nikolayevskaya Railway. In the way of the new railway stood a 2-storeyed house belonging to Jane McGill, a well-known British woman and an honoured citizen of Moscow. She agreed for the house to be moved 100 meters to the west and even paid for it herself.

D. In 1935, when a new Plan for the Reconstruction of Moscow was adopted, it became clear that in order to make old streets wider and to build new ones, many old buildings had to be destroyed. This is what happened to many buildings in Gorky Street  — now Tverskaya. But not to all of them. The old Moscow Governor’s Palace  — the Mossoviet building, now the Mayor’s office  — survived, as did several others, because they were moved to make room!

E. “A House Has Moved!” is a famous children’s poem by the famous Soviet children’s writer Agnia Bartho. It features not only the fact of a building being moved, but also that it was being moved while everyone who lived in it… kept living in it. Soviet engineers took pride in their precise technology of moving buildings so smoothly that people who lived in them wouldn’t even notice it. It was usually done at night and the exact date was always unknown!

F. To achieve such a miracle, buildings had to be cut from their foundations, put on special rollers and placed on a bed of rails similar to those used on railroads. Engineers used flexible pipes and cables to ensure that the water system, sewerage, electricity, radio and telephone lines continued to work during the move. When an eye hospital was being moved in such a fashion, the doctors continued performing operations on their patients!

G. In 1983, part of the famous ‘MHAT’  — Moscow Academic Art Theatre  — building was moved to make the stage bigger. Since then, no buildings in Moscow had been moved until July 2020, when a 19th century water tower was moved 130 meters not far from Savelovsky railway station to make room for a new residential building. It’s great that the old technology has not been forgotten and is still used to save historic buildings from destruction.

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1.  Clever and misunderstood

2.  Similar constructions

3.  Street that changed history

4.  History set in stone

5.  The beloved characters

6.  Not completely gone!

7.  A poetic street

8.  Important visitors

A. There have always been cultural, political and commercial connections between Britain and Russia that can take us deep into the history of these two countries. Traces of some of them can be seen in the streets of their capitals  — be that the names of the streets themselves, the buildings standing on them or the monuments erected to outstanding representatives of these two nations, both real and fictional.

B. There are at least four streets in London that will remind you of Russia. Bayswater, one of the most beautiful areas of London, is home to Moscow Road and St. Petersburg Place  — two streets that commemorate Tsar Alexander I’s visit to England in 1814. Czar Street in Deptford is the area where Peter the Great stayed in 1698 during his Grand Embassy, to take a better look at the London shipyards; while Muscovy Street near the Tower of London marks the spot of Peter the Great’s favourite pub in London.

C. Neither Moscow, nor St. Petersburg can boast of a «London Street». However, a similar function is carried out by Angliyskaya Naberezhnaya  — English Embankment  — historically one of the most fashionable streets in St. Petersburg, where the British Embassy and the English church used to be located before the Revolution. And as for the Revolution, it was from the English Embankment that at 2 am on October 25, 1917, the gunshot from the Aurora sent a signal to storm the Winter Palace.

D. Still, Moscow also has a couple of streets with English names. Brusov Lane is named after a Scottish dynasty whose most famous representative  — James Bruce  — was Peter the Great’s close friend and advisor. It was James Bruce who accompanied Peter the Great on his Grand Embassy to England. A brilliant scholar and scientist, James Bruce was in charge of book printing in Russia, which led many illiterate people to believe he practiced black magic.

E. Another Moscow street with an English name is Gamsonovsky pereulok or Hampson Lane, located not far from the Danilovsky monastery. The Hampsons were a large British family that moved to Russia in the early 19^th century and founded a velvet factory on the Moskva River. Neither the Hampson family, not their factory can be found in Moscow today, but the street name still tells the story of the long-forgotten past.

F. One of the most recognizable sky-scrapers in modern London is the so called Gherkin  — a torpedo-shaped building in the City, London’s financial center, that opened in 2004 and immediately won the Emporis Skyscraper Award. Few people know that the architect’s inspiration for the steel structure of the skyscraper was Vladimir Shukhov’s diagrid system used in the Shukhov Radio Tower in Moscow.

G. Perhaps the only «English» statue in Moscow is a sculptural composition of Sherlock Holms and Dr. Watson which opened in 2007 next to the British Embassy for the 120^th anniversary since the publication of the first story about the great detective by Conan Doyle. «These heroes have long become the personification of Great Britain in the eyes of Russians and a recognized symbol of Russian-British friendship,» wrote the British Ambassador on its opening.

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1.  One kind of energy into another!

2.  Enough is enough!

3.  Always something to celebrate!

4.  Home again!

5.  Always right on trend!

6.  No need to study abroad!

7.  Spring is in the air!

8.  Not to forget the history!

A.In the 19^th and 20^th century, just like any other big industrial city, Moscow had many plants and factories. They provided Muscovites with jobs and industrial goods such as fabrics, clothes and cars. They also made their owners rich and famous. However, from the late 20^th century until now the number of plants and factories in Moscow has been subsiding, and here again, Moscow follows the general tendency that you can see all over the world.

B. Besides jobs and industrial goods, plants and factories bring pollution. Add the exhaust fumes from cars and you will get a city covered in smog. This has always been a problem, but by the mid 20^th century it reached the point when it became obvious that something had to be done. Big companies started closing their manufacturing facilities in cities and moving them elsewhere. But their buildings remained, and many of them got second lives.

C. Two of the most spectacular examples of this trend are the two former power stations in London: Bankside Power Station which was closed in 1981 and converted into Tate Modern Gallery in 1994; and Battersea Power Station which was closed in 1975 and is now in the process of being transformed into a modern facility which will house a unique blend of restaurants, shops, parks, cultural and office spaces, as well as residential accommodation.

D. Moscow has several similar projects. One of the first was transforming a silk factory once owned by a French merchant Claude-Marie Girot into a modern business block. The sturdy red-brick four-storied buildings, so typical of the late-19^th century factories, now house different businesses, among which is Yandex headquarters. The business block is called Red Rose 1875, commemorating the year the silk factory was opened and the fact that during the Soviet times it was named after Rosa Luxemburg.

E. Bolshevik Sweets Factory is famous primarily for it Yubileynoe cookies which were first produced in 1913 to celebrate the Romanov family 300^th Anniversary on the Russian throne. Today, besides many other things, its historic building in Moscow is home to the Russian Impressionism Museum whose owner collects paintings of late 19^th  — early 20^th century Russian artists. Many of the pictures were bought abroad and brought back to Russia.

F. Manometer Plant opened in 1886 as a foundry and during the Soviet times produced a lot of machinery for different industries. When its facilities were moved out of Moscow, the old buildings were turned into a center of art, architecture and design called Artplay. Several art galleries and architectural workshops, can be found here, as well as The British Higher School of Art and Design which has become quite popular with Russian art students.

G. One of the most popular creative spaces located in the old industrial sites is the former perfume factory well-known now as Flacon. This is the place enjoyed by Muscovites and tourists alike. In addition to cool cafes and restaurants, workshops and concerts, Flacon regularly holds all sorts of festivals  — Days of a particular country like Norway or France, Singapore or Japan, as well as festivals of creative industries and handmade crafts.

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1.  Never too late!

2.  True symbols

3.  The real thing

4.  Back to beauty

5.  The best for the best

6.  No borders or boundaries

7.  No place is too small for it!

8.  A successful beginning

A. Gothic Revival is an architectural style that became popular in Britain in the early 19^th century, right after the period of neo-classicism with its straight lines and noble columns. When English architects turned to the elegant tall towers and pointed narrow windows of medieval gothic castles, it was, in a way, a reaction to the machine production of the Industrial Revolution, as well as a desire to portray pre-industrial society as a golden age.

B. Present-day Britain is full of churches, universities, and other public buildings and private houses built in this style. However, the two most iconic and recognisable Gothic Revival constructions are the Houses of Parliament and the Tower Bridge in London. The Palace of Westminster that houses the British Parliament was built in the 1860s after the old building had burnt down, whereas the Tower Bridge was erected in 1894.

C. During the 19^th century, Gothic Revival quickly spread to other European countries and the USA. Several of the most prestigious American universities like Princeton or Yale adopted Gothic Revival style for their campuses and called it Collegiate Gothic. Gothic Revival style may not be as wellrepresented in Russia, but can be found there as well, if you know where to look  — sometimes in quite unexpected places!

D. The well-known Russian industrialist Alexei Khludov often went to London and Liverpool in the 1840s-1860s to learn about textile manufacturing and to buy equipment for his own cotton factories. Charmed by the brand new clock tower of the Houses of Parliament, he decided to build his own ‘Big Bens’ for his facilities in Egorievsk and Yartsevo, bringing Gothic Revival to these little places in Moscow and Smolensk regions.

E. Another Russian textile magnate Savva Morozov built a Gothic Revival mansion in central Moscow  — in Spiridonovka Street. It is not only from the outside that the mansion looks like a castle. Dark wooden Gothic interior, stained-glass windows and even thrones make you feel that you have been transported into the middle ages. Morozov’s mansion was the first big project of architect Fyodor Schechtel that brought him fame.

F. Perhaps the most unexpected place to find Gothic Revival interiors in Russia is Sandunov’s public baths  — the most luxurious public baths in Moscow. Sila Sandunov built his baths for aristocracy in the early 19^th century. But it was in the 1890s that the baths were rebuilt so that each room had its own architectural style. A heavy wooden ceiling, carved chairs and windows, as well as a beautiful mosaic make it look like an English castle.

G. There are many more buildings in Moscow that have been erected in Gothic Revival style by the most talented Russian architects in the 19^th century. But there is also one authentic English building  — designed by Richard Kneel Freeman, an architect from the town of Bolton near Manchester. It is the Anglican church of St Andrews in Voznesensky Lane, which makes the whole area around it look like a little part of Britain in central Moscow.

Текст	A	B	C	D	E	F	G
Заголовок

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A.  Bill and Peggy are planning their trip to Moscow.

B.  Bill and Peggy study together at the university.

C.  Peggy has never been to Moscow before.

D.  While in Moscow, Bill rode a bicycle.

E.  Bill is a vegetarian.

F.  Peggy speaks good Russian.

G.  Bill liked literary museums in Moscow.

Запишите в ответ цифры, расположив их в порядке, соответствующем буквам:

A	B	C	D	E	F	G

Расшифровка записи

Bill: Hi Peggy! How’s it going?

Peggy: Hi Bill! I’m doing great! Guess what, I’m going to Moscow for my study abroad program next year. This is my first trip to Russia!

Bill: That’s fantastic, Peggy! I was there during my gap year. I can give you some advice about what to see and do there if you like.

Peggy: That would be great! I was hoping you’d be able to help me out.

Bill: Well, the nice thing about Moscow is that you won’t need a car. The public transportation system is one of the best in the world and the metro stations are very efficient and also beautiful. Tourists come from all over the world to see them.

Peggy: Oh! That’s good to hear. I was thinking about buying a bicycle to travel around Moscow. But I guess, it’s not necessary.

Bill: It’s true that Moscow is becoming more bicycle-friendly. There are special lanes for bikes and you can even rent them around the city for a small fee, but there’s still a lot of traffic and pedestrians to navigate through and it’s too cold and slippery in the winter for biking.

Peggy: Right! What about food? You know, I’m a vegetarian.

Bill: Well, being a vegetarian is not as common in Russia as it is in America, but it’s becoming more and more popular in Moscow, and you can find specialty stores that sell things like tofu and other products for vegetarians, as well as vegetarian cafes. In addition, there are a lot of great dairy products like kefir and cottage cheese that you will love that you can find in any supermarket.

Peggy: Cool! Another thing I was wondering about is where I can go to watch movies. I’m a really avid film-goer and I don’t like missing new releases. The problem is, my Russian isn’t so good and I heard that in Russia all foreign films are dubbed into Russian.

Bill: That’s true. Sometimes it’s really hard to find films shown in English. There are a few places though that show films in English with Russian subtitles. These are often artsy intellectual places for Russians who know English, and they don’t often sell popcorn there. You won’t be able to find blockbuster films there, either.

Peggy: That’s ok. I prefer watching more artistic films anyway. I also don’t care much for popcorn, so it’s not a big deal. What about places to see? I know about all the major attractions. But I’m sure there must be some less well-known sights that I shouldn’t miss.

Bill: Since you are into movies, you should check out Mosfilm studio. They have excursions there where you can see Russian film sets and props for classic Soviet films. It’s extremely fascinating. There are also a large number of lesser known museums that were actually the homes of famous Russian writers and artists that show how they really lived. I especially loved Tolstoy’s and Dostoyevsky’s museums.

Peggy: That sounds wonderful! Thank you, Bill for giving me such great advice! I’m really looking forward to my year abroad!

Bill: I’m sure you’re going to have an unforgettable experience. Please keep in touch and let me know how it goes.

Peggy: Sure! See you later!

Bill: Bye!

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A.  The tourist has never been to Russia.

B.  The tourist wants to see both Moscow and Saint Petersburg.

C.  The tourist loves evening excursions.

D.  The manager thinks Saint Basil’s Cathedral isn’t worth seeing.

E.  The tourist will have some time for shopping in Moscow.

F.  The tourist hopes to visit a show in the State Kremlin Palace.

G.  The tourist wants to buy a tour straight away.

Запишите в ответ цифры, расположив их в порядке, соответствующем буквам:

A	B	C	D	E	F	G

Расшифровка записи

Consultant: Hello, how may I help you?

Tourist: Hello. You see, I would like to book a tour to Russia and I was just wondering if you could help me?

Consultant: And may I tell you that you have made an excellent choice! Russia is an amazing country with lots of exciting places to see. Is it going to be your first visit to Russia?

Tourist: Yes, it is.

Consultant: Well, for the first visit to Russia I would suggest starting with Moscow. You could spend about a week there and do all the sightseeing, plus visit the museums. If you are planning a longer trip, we can recommend going to Saint Petersburg next.

Tourist: I think I would like to see only Moscow this time. You see, I’m a theater lover, and I’ve read it on the Internet that Moscow is famous for it’s theatres.

Consultant: You are absolutely right! We can help you book the tickets to the famous Bolshoi Theatre, if you wish.

Tourist: That would be great! Could you please tell me more about the tour.

Consultant: Yes, of course. Here is the suggested itinerary. When you arrive in Moscow, you’ll check in the hotel and have some rest. In the evening, you can have a bus tour around the city, just to get a general impression. Moscow looks magnificent in the evening, so you’ll enjoy it. The next day you’ll be able to see Moscow’s sights in daylight.

Tourist: Sounds good to me! Are we going to see the Red Square?

Consultant: Of course! It’s impossible to imagine a trip to Moscow without seeing Red Square, as it’s the heart of the country. You’ll see Saint Basil’s Cathedral. It’s a gorgeous building. Make sure you go inside, as there are 8 tiny churches there, which look like fairy-tale houses.

Tourist: Thanks, I’ll remember that.

Consultant: You’ll also see GUM — Russia’s number one department store. You’ll have enough time to go shopping there, if you wish, or have lunch there in a café, with a view of Red Square.

Tourist: I always wanted to see the Kremlin. Will it be possible to get inside it?

Consultant: Yes! But make sure you do it before 4 pm, as the museums there close early. There you will see Tsar Cannon and Tsar Bell and the State Kremlin Palace, initially known as the Palace of Congresses. It’s vast 6000 seat auditorium was originally used to hold the congresses of the communist party of the Soviet Union. Today, it holds large social forums, theatrical performances, New Year’s shows for children and student’s balls.

Tourist: It all sounds so exciting! I think I’ll order a tour right now.

Источник: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 02.04.2018. Досрочная волна

1.  A good investment

2.  How it all began

3.  Multi-purpose constructions

4.  All is well that ends well

5.  A vertical marathon

6.  Breathtaking athletic events

7.  21st century technology

8.  Once number one globally

A. Radio and television towers are tall structures designed to transmit radio or television signals. However, besides serving their main function they often become tourist attractions, as a lot of them are true architectural wonders. Among some of the most famous  — and tallest  — towers in the world are the Tokyo Skytree, the Canton Tower in China, the CN Tower in Toronto, Canada, and the Ostankino Tower in Moscow, Russia.

B. The Ostankino Tower is 540 meters tall which makes it the tallest tower in Europe. When it was built in 1968, it was the tallest structure in the world, which it remained until 1975. The Ostankino Tower radio and television signal covers the area with the population of over 15 million people. The Tower also has an observation platform and a restaurant about 330 meters in the air which you can reach on one of the lifts in just 58 seconds.

C. The first Radio Tower in Moscow was built during the Civil War in 1922 by the outstanding Russian architect Vladimir Shukhov and is a hyperboloid structure. In fact, it was Shukhov who first invented the hyperboloid metal structure in the 1890s, inspired by the weaving of peasant baskets. Vladimir Lenin himself approved the construction of this tower which today is considered a historic and architectural monument of Soviet Constructivism.

D. Yet another use of television towers is holding sports events. Some of the most common ones are base-jumping, an extreme sport where participants jump off high structures with parachutes; and bungee jumping, where the jumpers are attached to a tall structure with a large elastic cord. Among the more traditional competitions is racing up the tower staircase, which was held in the Ostankino Tower up until 2000, when the tower was damaged by the fire.

E. The fire broke out at a height of 458 m on 27 August, 2000. It took over 300 firefighters, more than 24 hours and a lot of effort to stop it. Many people were afraid that the tower would not be able to survive and would collapse. Luckily it didn’t happen. But almost all TV channels and some radio channels stopped working for several days. The reconstruction of the tower that followed lasted until 2007. In 2009 the tower reopened its doors to tourists.

F. And not only to them. On July 21, 2018, Ostankino Tower was open again to 28 sportsmen from 12 countries who raced up its winding staircase. The staircase is very narrow, so the sportsmen had to run one by one with a 30 second interval between them. Only professional runners were allowed to participate. It was a German athlete Christian Riedl who made it to the top in just 9 minutes and 51 seconds, setting a new record.

G. It would be logical to assume that television towers are the tallest structures in the world. In fact, it had been true until 2009 when the Burj Khalifa, the tallest sky-scraper in the world, was built in Dubai. It cost about $1.5 billion to complete the construction of this building, but it paid off: office and apartment space pricing is over $40,000 per m2, and over 90% of all the apartments and offices are now occupied!

Текст	A	B	C	D	E	F	G
Заголовок

Задания Д39 C1 № 4627

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Martin who writes:

… It is almost spring, but surprisingly, it snowed last Wednesday! This was the first snow we’d had in more than two years! Everyone got very excited. My brother and I made a snowman in the back yard. All the roads became very slippery, so school was cancelled, and many businesses like banks were closed for two days. In which weather conditions does school in Moscow get cancelled? What was the last time you experienced it, if ever? What is the weather like in Moscow now?

By the way, our snowman turned out so good, they even put its picture in the local newspaper! …

Write a letter to Martin.

In your letter

— answer his questions

— ask 3 questions about Martin’s snowman.

Write 100–140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Martin:

From: [email protected]

To: [email protected]

Subject: Welcome

By the way, our snowman turned out so good, they even put its picture in the local newspaper! …

Write an email to Martin.

In your message

— answer his questions

— ask 3 questions about Martin’s snowman.

Write 100–140 words.

Remember the rules of email writing.

Задания Д39 C1 № 284

You have received a letter from your New Zealand pen-friend Ann who writes:

…We are going to visit Moscow in September. What’s the weather like then? Do we need to bring our warm coats? My mum is a vegetarian, she eats lots of fruit. What sort of fruit will she find in Russia? My dad would like you to tell us what we could visit in a week.

By the way, yesterday I bought the necessary vegetables and cooked Russian borsch. Thank you for the recipe. Everyone liked it very much…

Write a letter to Ann. In your letter answer her questions, ask 3 questions about her favourite food. Write 100—140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing. You have 20 minutes to do this task.

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A.  Lucy and Jack are university students.

B.  Jack is a football fan.

C.  During his summer trip to Russia Jack visited 2 cities.

D.  Lucy can speak Russian.

E.  It was difficult for Jack to get a Russian visa.

F.  Lucy will need to get a visa to go to Moscow in December.

G.  Jack and Lucy are planning to stay with Jack’s Russian friends.

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A	B	C	D	E	F	G

Расшифровка записи

Lucy: Hi Jack! Good to see you! How did you spend your summer vacation?

Jack: Oh, I had a fantastic time! You know how much I like soccer…

Lucy: Don’t tell me you went to Moscow to the World Cup!

Jack: I sure did. And it was amazing!

Lucy: It must have cost you a fortune!

Jack: Well, the tickets were really expensive, but then everything else wasn’t that bad. And guess what! If you had a ticket to the game in another city, the train ride was free.

Lucy: Wow! What other cities did you go to?

Jack: Just St. Petersburg. But that was enough. I didn’t have time to see everything. That would have taken months. There’s just so much to see and explore there.

Lucy: How did you manage to get around? You don’t speak a word of Russian!

Jack: I didn’t need to. Everyone that I talked to spoke decent English. There were lots of English-speaking volunteers around to help out if you had any troubles. And there were fans from all over the world, and most of them spoke English too.

Lucy: That’s so cool! So what did you think of Russia? Did it turn out to be any different from what you had expected?

Jack: Yes, it was completely different. I didn’t know that Russia was so modern. And I didn’t expect the people to be so friendly. I had always heard that Russians were gloomy and depressed. But everyone was smiling and happy and curious about us foreigners.

Lucy: What about Russian food? Did you like it?

Jack: Absolutely! That was the best part. I especially enjoyed eating piroshky.

Lucy: What’s that?

Jack: They are these delicious stuffed pies filled with things like cabbage, potatoes, mushrooms or meat. They are a kind of street food that you can find sold everywhere. They can also be sweet.

Lucy: That sounds yummy! Did you have time to do anything besides eating and watching the games?

Jack: I did. I visited 2 museums: the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow and the Russian Museum in St. Petersburg. I didn’t know anything about Russian art before, but now I understand I was missing out.

Lucy: I’m really envious. Isn’t it really hard to get a Russian visa?

Jack: Normally it is and can take a lot of time. But it was not required at all for those who wanted to visit the World Cup. All you had to get was a Fan ID, and that was incredibly fast and easy if you had a ticket to the games.

Lucy: No way!

Jack: I know, right? And guess what! I can visit Russia without a visa again till the end of this year using the same Fan ID card. In fact, I’m thinking about going to celebrate New Year’s Eve there. They say it’s the biggest holiday in Russia, even bigger than Christmas.

Lucy: That sounds like fun! But aren’t you afraid of the winter?

Jack: Not at all. It’s been a long time since I’ve had a white Christmas. In fact, I’ve made some Russian friends who promised to take me ice-skating and skiing.

Lucy: Hey, if I started now, I’m sure I could get a Russian visa by December. Could we go together?

Jack: That sounds like a great idea!

Lucy: Where would we stay?

Jack: There are a lot of small hotels which are not that expensive. We’ll check them out on the Internet. Prices should be cheaper than during the World Cup.

Lucy: Oh, I’m so excited!

Jack: Me too! It’s a plan then!

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A.  Giles loves classical music.

B.  Giles and Tony are going to Moscow in summer.

C.  Tchaikovsky is Tony’s favourite composer.

D.  Louise knows a lot about Van Cliburn.

E.  Giles and Louise live in Washington, D.C.

F.  Louise studies to be an artist.

G.  Giles has been to Paris before.

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A	B	C	D	E	F	G

Расшифровка записи

Louise: Hi Giles! What’s up?

Giles: Hello Louise! Everything’s great. Can’t wait till summer vacation.

Louise: Do you have any special plans for the summer?

Giles: You bet! I’m going to Moscow!

Louise: Wow, Giles! I had no idea you were interested in Russia.

Giles: I’m not. I’m going to the XVI International Tchaikovsky Competition.

Louise: You amaze me! That’s an even bigger surprise. I had no idea you were into classical music!

Giles: I’m not. But my younger brother Tony is. He is a pianist. He goes to Juilliard School in New York and he is going to take part in the Tchaikovsky Competition. He was selected to go! Can you imagine?

Louise: That’s incredible!

Giles: I know, right? That was his childhood dream. He was always telling me about this Van Cliburn guy.

Louise: Who is Van Cliburn?

Giles: He was a Texan pianist who won the first prize at the very first Tchaikovsky Competition back in 1958. Tony knows every little thing about him.

Louise: It sounds like your brother is quite a fan. So, what are you going to do in Moscow while you are there besides going to the competition?

Giles: My main role, of course, is to help my brother and make sure he eats well, gets enough rest and provide him with moral support.

Louise: Oh, come on! I’m sure a university student can take care of himself. Isn’t there something in Moscow that you would like to see?

Giles: Actually, I’m very excited to see their air and space museum. It’s called the Museum of Cosmonautics.

Louise: That sounds cool!

Giles: I grew up in Washington, D.C., you see, and the National Air and Space Museum has always been my favorite out of all Smithsonian Institution museums. I spent all of my days off there.

Louise: I’ve never been to Washington, D.C. So what are you expecting to see in the air and space museum in Moscow?

Giles: I would love to see a replica of the Mir space station. I know you can actually go inside it and look around.

Louise: Sounds like you’ve got it all planned. Have you already got your visas and bought the tickets?

Giles: Oh, yes. We’re all ready to go. What are your plans for the summer?

Louise: As a matter of fact, I’m going to Paris. I’ve got a special grant for studying art in the Louvre.

Giles: That sounds fantastic! You are an art major, aren’t you, Louise?

Louise: That’s right. I’m learning book illustration and design. So, in Paris I will be focusing on 17th century book illustrations.

Giles: Wow! That’s so interesting! I guess, we’ll have something to talk about in September!

Louise: We sure will! Good luck to your brother! I hope he brings back a gold medal.

Giles: Thanks, Louise! Have a great trip!

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How many pianists from the Moscow Conservatory participated in the 16^th Tchaikovsky Competition?

1)  5

2)  6

3)  9

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Andrea needed courage to apply to Juilliard School because she realized that

1)  she would be competing with the very best.

2)  she would have to give up having fun in life.

3)  her friends would have to become her rivals.

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Which of the following qualities does Andrea NOT talk about, when she describes Juilliard applicants?

1)  discipline

2)  creativity

3)  will-power

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When Andrea says “It’s easy to be intimidated”, the word “intimidated” is closest in meaning to the word

1)  discouraged.

2)  distracted.

3)  disappointed.

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Andrea first started the blog because she wanted to

1)  find answers to her questions about the application process.

2)  save the best memories of her getting into Juilliard school.

3)  help students who wanted to be accepted at Juilliard School.

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Andrea compares the International Tchaikovsky Competition to the Olympic Games because

1)  both of them are well-known international contests.

2)  it is difficult to be selected to participate in them.

3)  she thinks that performing music is a kind of sport.

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What impressed Andrea most at the 16th Tchaikovsky Competition?

1)  listeners

2)  participants

3)  jury members

Расшифровка записи

Presenter: Hello and welcome back! Our guest today is Andrea Carrera, a music major at the Juilliard School of Music. In addition to being a professional pianist in training, Ms Carrera is a well-known music blogger whose subscribers have reached the number of 3 million last summer! Good morning, Andrea! Thank you for joining us today!

Andrea Carrera: Good morning! Thank you for inviting me.

Presenter: Could you tell us how a blog about classical music can be so popular?

Andrea Carrera: Well, I would say, that was a very gradual achievement. I first started my blog when I got enough courage to apply to the Juilliard School.

Presenter: Courage? I didn’t know music was such a dangerous trade that it would require courage!

Andrea Carrera: Oh, it can be! The world of musicians is very competitive from the time you start as a young child, and then apply to college, begin your career as a graduate — you name it! And while you won’t face any death threats or dangers of criminal kind, you will have to realize who you are competing against — people who devote their entire lives, their entire well-being and existence to the pursuit of music. These are people with a passion, people who would not be tempted by watching Netflix or playing a video game after a really hard day. They would not be hanging out with their friends over the weekend. Instead, they would put in those extra couple of hours of practice that they always need. And yes, it can be quite scary to realize that these are your rivals. It’s easy to be intimidated.

Presenter: Wow! That sounds like a different species! But sorry for having interrupted you. You were saying that you started your blog when you were applying for Juilliard.

Andrea Carrera: That’s right. There were so many questions that I had, so many worries and uncertainties, that I decided that no matter what the outcome, I would start a blog where I would document my whole application process, including auditions, to make it easier for others who apply to the best music school in America. And when I did get in, I continued describing all my experiences as a student.

Presenter: So, this is how your audience grew?

Andrea Carrera: Yes. After all, music students from all over the world are curious about Juilliard. It’s like Harvard or Yale in the world of performing art. Just in a year the number of my subscribers reached a stable 500 000 and stayed that way for quite a while.

Presenter: And then what happened?

Andrea Carrera: Then I had an idea to go to Moscow for the 16th Tchaikovsky Competition.

Presenter: As a participant?

Andrea Carrera: No! No… I wish… You do have to be rather talented and hard-working and really lucky to get into Juilliard, but you have to be so much more to be selected to something like Tchaikovsky Competition. Competitions of that level are like the World Cup or the Olympics to us. No. I decided to go as a blogger and as a fan!

Presenter: A fan?

Andrea Carrera: Yes! Out of 25 pianists selected to participate, 6 were Juilliard alumni. I wanted to support them.

Presenter: Really? I thought there were only 2 participants from the United States, and only one of them went to Juilliard.

Andrea Carrera: That’s true. The other 5 were from different countries — Canada, South Korea, Spain and two from China. But they still went to Juilliard. In fact, the Juilliard School of Music and the Moscow Conservatory supplied 15 out of 25 participants, 6 and 9 respectively.

Presenter: Fascinating! How did you like the competition?

Andrea Carrera: I loved it! The legendary hall of the Moscow Conservatory, fantastic pianists, an impressive jury… But I especially liked the audience. They were so sincere in how they expressed their emotions, it was very touching. So I tried to write about it all in my blog, and I also conducted interviews with the participants and the jury members and videoed all that. And that’s when my audience grew to 3 million subscribers. So you see….

Всего: 65 1–20 | 21–40 | 41–60 | 61–65

Источник

Текст 1

I. Vocabulary list

1. raze – разрушать
до основания
2. invasion – вторжение
3. reign – царство
4. moat – ров
5. destroy – разрушать
6. rebuild – заново строить
7. encircle – окружать
8. crown – короновать
9. execution – казнь
10. proclamation – провозглашение
11. edict – указ
12. merchant – купец
13. host – хозяин
14. site – место
15. tomb – могила

II.

1. Kremlin – Кремль
2. Napoleon – Наполеон
3. Red Square – Красная площадь
4. Lobnoye Mesto – Лобное место
5. Leninsky Prospect – Ленинский проспект
6. Leningradsky Prospect – Ленинградский проспект
7. International Sheremetievo Airport – Международный
аэропорт Шереметьево
8. Tretyakov Art Gallery – Третьяковская Галерея
9. Pushkin
Fine
Arts
Museum
– Музей Изобразительного искусства
им. А.С.Пушкина
10. Art
Pavel
Tretyakov
– художник Павел Третьяков
11. Olympic Games – Олимпийские игры
12. Bolshoi Theatre – Большой театр
13. Great
Patriotic
War
– Великая Отечественная война

III. Text

MOSCOW

Moscow, the capital of
Russia is one of the biggest industrial, scientific and cultural
centers of the world.

The city was founded in 1147
by Yuri Dolgoruky on the bank of the Moscva river. The city was razed
in the 13^th
century during the Tatar invasion. In the 14^th
century it grew stronger and it was a military as well as an
administrative and economic center. By the end of the 16^th
century during the reign of Boris Godunov, Moscow had 3 walls with
towers, and moats surrounding the Kremlin.

With the invasion of
Napoleon in 1812 four-fifth of Moscow was destroyed by fire but it
was soon rebuilt and trade and industry developed again.

Let’s start the tour of
Moscow with Red Square which is right in the center of things. Moscow
is built on 7 hills, one of which is encircled by a red wall. The
Kremlin stands on this hill.

We can see here the Moscow Kremlin with its beautiful towers crowned
with ruby starts. We can come up to the place of execution and
proclamation of various edicts, which was called Lobnoe Mesto. If the
Kremlin is a symbol of Russia, then Spasskaya Bashnya is a symbol of
the Kremlin. It is notable for its clock.

Moscow is a modern city. The
population of the city is over 8 million now. The number of streets
constantly increases. The largest one is Leningradsky Prospect.

Moscow underground is one of
the beautiful in the world, it has about 2 hundred stations and is
almost there hundred and forty (340) kms long. There are 9 railway
stations in Moscow and 5 airports around the city. International
Sheremetievo airport is among them.

Moscow is famous for its museums: the Tretyakov Art Gallery, the
Pushkin Fine Arts Museum, etc. There are many exhibitions and concert
halls. The Gallery was named after the Moscow Merchant and Great
lover of Art Pavel Tretyakov. The Gallery reflects the history of
Russia the life and ideals of its people.

In the city there are many
stadiums, sports facilities among them the ones, built for the 22^nd
Olympic Games in 1980, when Moscow was the host of the Games. Lots of
theatres of Moscow are well-known. The best-known is, of course, the
Bolshoi Theatre. One can enjoy numerous cinemas, restaurants, cafes.

Moscow is the main
educational center of the country. There are 76 higher educational
establishments in it. At the end of the University Prospect on the
Lenin Hills rises the high building, the 32 storey Moscow University.
The city is famous for its parks, for its botany garden, where
hundreds of trees and plants from all over the world are gathered.
The city has numerous modern enterprises, primarily engineering and
metal-working plants with a wide range of output. Some 300 of the
city’s plants and factories export their products to about 70
foreign countries.

Moscow is a green city. In
the Alexandrovsky Garden we can stand by the tomb of the Unknown
Warrior. For heroism of the people of our capital during the Great
Patriotic War Moscow was awarded the title of Hero City. Moscow faces
many problems now. But nevertheless, its future is bright.

IV. Give English equivalents to the Russian words and phrases

1. pазрушать
до основания 9. провозглашение
2. правление
Бориса Годунова 10. хозяин
3. ров
11. могила
Неизвестного солдата
4. разрушать
12. образовательные
учреждения
5. заново
строить 13. купец
6. метро
14. окружать
7. выставки
15. указ
8. отражать
16. провозглашение

V. Make up sentences

1. Moscow, 1147, to be, find.
2. In, Moscow, 1812, destroy, to be, fire, by.
3. To be, a, modern, Moscow, city.
4. Museum, Moscow, for, to be, famous, its.
5. Main, Moscow, to be, the, center, educational, the, of, country.
6. City, a, Moscow, to be, green.

VI. Answer the following questions

1. What is Moscow?
2. When was it founded?
3. What do you know about the history of Moscow?
4. What are the main sightseeings of Moscow?
5. What is the population of Moscow?
6. What is Moscow famous for?
7. What can you tell about Moscow as an educational center?

VII. Make up a plant of the text

VIII. Give a short story about Moscow

IX. Speak about Moscow as
the city of students using the following words and word combinations:

Educational center,
establishments, University Prospect, Lenin Hills, to rise, Moscow
University.

IX. Speak about sightseeings of Moscow using
the following words and word combinations:

To be famous for, all over
the world, to gather, numerous, enterprises, Kremlin, Towers, ruby
stars, place of execution, proclamation, Lobnoe Mesto, Spasskaya
Bashnya, notable, Leninsky Prospect, Leningradsky Prospect,
Underground, Tretyakov Art Gallery, Pushkin Fine Arts Museum,
exhibitions, concert halls, stadiums.

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1. A shop that inspired writers
2. Country’s brave defenders
3. A truly international place
4. Governesses of rich children
5. Birth of a popular sport
6. Textile business links
7. A nice-sounding building
8. The initial steps of commerce

D. In the 18,h century, British industrialists made themselves known in Russia. One of the most outstanding figures was Robert McGill, who lived in Moscow and served as an intermediary between Lancashire mill engineers and the Russian cotton industry, and built over 150 mills (cotton factories) in Russia. Robert McGill had a house in Spiridonovka Street and together with his wife Jane was a prominent member of the British community in Moscow.

E. If you talk to Moscow concert musicians who were active between the 1960s and the 1990s, they will tell you of the fantastic acoustics of the “Melodiya” recording studio at 8, Voznesensky Lane, which they lovingly called ‘kirche’, mistakenly thinking it was a German church. This building, designed and built in 1885 in the English neo-gothic architectural style, is St. Andrew’s Anglican Church, which was used as a recording studio in Soviet times.

G. In 1887, two other cotton industrialists from Lancashire, Clement and Harry Chamock, moved to work at a cotton factory in Orekhovo-Zuevo, near Moscow. They were both great football fans and decided to introduce this game to the workers of the factory. This resulted in the first professional football team in Russia which after the Revolution became the core of Moscow Dynamo team.

Источник

Moscow (Russian Moskva) is the capital city of Russia. What comes to your mind when you hear the name of this country? I suppose it is the size. It’s not a surprise for anyone that Russia is the biggest country in the world. And, of course, a huge country has a huge capital. The population of Moscow is roughly equal to the population of Norway and Switzerland combined. It’s like a separate country with its own life style and rules. That’s why so many people have some questions about Moscow. In this article, I’ll try to answer to the most popular of them and give you some General info about Moscow.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_dfq9rFWAE[/embedyt

WHERE IS MOSCOW SITUATED?

Moscow is located in the far western part of the country. If you look at the map and want to find Moscow, it could be easier to find firstly Russian or East European plain which is the second in the world after the Amazon lowlands.

Moscow

Moscow from the top

WHY MOSCOW IS NAMED MOSCOW?

As many others cities, the capital of Russia is situated on a river which actually gave the city its name.

HOW MANY PEOPLE LIVE IN MOSCOW?

Moscow’s population is about 12.19 million people (2018), that makes it the sixth largest city in the world and the second most populous city in Europe.

ARE THERE MIGRANTS IN MOSCOW?

Moscow’s official population are mostly its residents with “permanent residency.” There are additional 1.8 million official “guests” on temporary residency through visas or documentation. Those without documentation, mostly from Central Asia, add another 1 million people.

HOW OLD IS MOSCOW?

Moscow was founded in 1147. It is one of the oldest cities in Russia. The year of the city foundation is generally accepted to be 1147 when prince Yuri Dolgorukiy called upon his brother, the prince of the Novgorod-Severski to “come to me, brother, to Moscow.” This is the first record of Moscow in Russian chronicles.

Historical heart of Moscow

WHAT ARCHEOLOGICAL REMAINS WERE DISCOVERED IN MOSCOW?

The oldest coins found on the territory of the Kremlin date to 862-866 AD. The remains of an ancient roadway and fragments of old settlements (found near Red Square) are attributed to the 11th century. But what was the name of this settlement at that time? The chronicles keep silence.

IS IT COLD IN MOSCOW?

There are lots of stereotypes about Russia. Some people strongly believe that it’s freeze all over the year. But actually, it’s not. The climate there is continental, with long and freezing winters and mild or moderately warm summers, when, however, there can be hot days. July is the warmest month of the year. The temperature in July averages 18.4 °C. In January, the average temperature is -9.2 °C. It is the lowest average temperature of the whole year.

ARE THERE BEARS IN THE STREETS OF MOSCOW?

With no doubt, it is a stereotype. Of course, you can’t meet a bear just walking around the city, only in the zoo. However, if you move several kilometres farther, you may very well meet one in the forest.

People walking in Moscow

WHAT IS THE BEST TIME TO VISIT MOSCOW?

The best time to visit Moscow is April and May, when the sun begins to shine for significant portions of the day, and hotel rates have yet to skyrocket into peak ranges. But, of course, the golden period is summer, when the city is warm and bustling.

WHAT ARE VISA REQUIREMENTS FOR MOSCOW?

Visitors from the US, UK, and other countries must first obtain a travel visa before they will be permitted to enter Moscow. A valid passport and other documents are obligatory for obtaining a visa.

WHAT IS THE TIME ZONE IN MOSCOW?

Moscow follows the Moscow Time zone, followed by St. Petersburg and most of western Russia as well. Moscow Time is UTC+4 and it’s one of nine time zones in Russia. Moscow does not observe daylight savings.

WHAT TO SEE IN MOSCOW?

Moscow is famous for its long history and rich cultural heritage. Being in Moscow one must visit Red Square and the Kremlin which are the symbols of all Russia. Besides, there is huge number of different cathedrals, palaces, museums, and art galleries with breathtaking architecture. If you are with your children, visit Moscow zoo which is home to more than 6,000 animals and more than 1,000 species.

WHAT DOES ARCHITECTURE IN MOSCOW LOOK LIKE?

Moscow today is full of historical buildings and monuments of unique architectural styles and techniques. Each of them carries its own stories and legends, reminding the viewer of various glorious eras. Emphasizing the characteristics of all periods that Russia has been through, from Tsardom Empire and the Russian Empire to the Soviet Union and the today’s Russian Federation, each of the following buildings and monuments is an important part of Moscow history.

Moscow’s Architecture

WHAT IS ECONOMY IN MOSCOW LIKE?

Moscow has a large economic infrastructure. It is home to the most billionaires in the world. In 2008 Moscow was named the world’s most expensive city for non-Russian workers for the third year in a row. In 2009, however, Moscow went down to third after Tokyo and Osaka came in first and second.

HOW MUCH DOES IT COST TO LIVE IN MOSCOW?

Moscow is not the most expensive city in the world, but living here might be a challenge for new expats. Finding a place to live in Moscow is tricky, but there are many options for any budget. The cheapest way is to rent a single room in a shared apartment. Depending on the location, the average monthly cost is from 15,000 rubbles ($253) to 30,000 rubbles ($507).

WHAT LANGUAGE IS SPOKEN IN MOSCOW?

Russian is the official language of Moscow, and the majority of citizens of this city speak this language. However, English is more widely spoken here than in any other city in Russia, and is the second language of 80 percent of the bilingual citizens of the city.

Because Russia’s official alphabet is the Cyrillic alphabet, signs will also be written in Cyrillic script. This can make getting around tricky at first, but a Russian phrasebook can help you decipher street signs and place names.

WHAT DO PEOPLE EAT IN MOSCOW?

This is a very important question of general info about Moscow. Moscow has absorbed the culture and traditions of different nationalities of Russia and Europe. This applies to the Moscow cuisine. Moscow dishes are original, hearty, and different from other regional cuisines of Russia, even if prepared according to the same recipes. The most common dishes are Open Pies, Sour Soup, and Borsch.

ARE PEOPLE IN MOSCOW FRIENDLY?

Recently, Moscow is the world’s most unfriendly city by readers of Travel+Leisure. However, many people who have visited this city think that it isn’t true. Sometimes Russian people seem to be severe. But it’s because of their mentality, inside of which you can find and friendly people.

Tourists in Moscow

WHO ARE FAMOUS MOSCOVITES?

In Moscow there are about 4,532 famous musicians, actors, historical figures, and other celebrities. This list includes Alexander Pushkin (author of Eugene Onegin), Fyodor Dostoevsky (author of Crime and Punishment), and Wassily Kandinsky (known as the Father of Abstract Art).

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Russia’s capital has much to offer, from splendid architecture and a unique subway, to 24/7 bars and art places. Russia Beyond has put together the best things to do, see, and eat in the iconic city. Check it out!

When was Moscow founded?

Moscow appears in historical chronicles for the first time in 1147. The city was founded by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky of Suzdal, and the future megalopolis started with a fortress named the Kremlin.

We have already written about the facts and secrets of Moscow’s Kremlin, and all the general knowledge you could possibly wish for– not to mention some great places to eat nearby.

However, initially, the land and villages close to where Moscow is situated today did not belong to the prince. It was the property of a boyar (nobleman) called Kuchka and was known as Kuchkovo. Kuchka fell from Dolgoruky’s grace and was sentenced to death and confiscation of all his landholdings.

Why was Moscow called ‘The third Rome’?

Actually it was the Orthodox monk Philotheus (Filofei) who called Moscow the Third Rome for the first time. He wrote: «All the Christian kingdoms have come to an end and have converged in the single kingdom of our sovereign,» Philotheus wrote in one of the epistles. «Two Romes fell, a third stands, and there will not be a fourth one».

NB: Did you know that there are approximately 30 cities and villages named Moscow around the world?

Sergey Smirnov/Global Look Press

When did Moscow become Russia’s capital?

Despite the fact Moscow was founded in 1147, it took almost another two centuries for the city to become the capital. It was only in 1380 that Moscow became the uncontested center of Russian territory for the first time.

In 1712, a few years before the Russian Empire was established, Peter the Great decided to move the capital from Moscow to St. Petersburg.

St. Petersburg remained the capital until the Empire’s demise following the 1917 Revolution. The Bolsheviks moved the capital back to Moscow in 1918 fearing foreign invasion.

Read about other places that once reigned supreme over Russian lands (spoiler: there were even six of them!)

Is it safe to travel to Moscow?

Contrary to popular notions, Russia, and especially the cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg are perfectly safe for tourists. Read our guide with four travel tips to ensure a safe journey: how to talk to Russian people, deal with emergencies and not get in trouble.

To support the contrary opinion, we have 10 reasons you should never ever visit Moscow (but we are not sure it works).

Read also the top 5 mistakes foreigners make in Moscow and try not to repeat them.

Is it expensive to visit Moscow?

There’s no point to lie – yes, it is. Moscow is one of the most expensive cities in the world, but still there are activities and tours you will not spend a single ruble on.

Check if you can afford to live in Moscow!

In case you can (and will), check these 5 most expensive suites in Moscow hotels.

How to rent an apartment in Moscow?

Read the story from our ex-web-editor with really useful life hacks on how to manage it without being fooled. Another article – with advice on payment and about essential things to discuss with your new landlord.

Video guide from Tim Kirby:

Also you can read how to rent an office and how much it costs.

Take a while and check yourself: how well do you know the capital of Russia?

What to see and where to go?

What to see in the Kremlin: Top 10 highlights of Moscow Kremlin museums.
Moscow off the beaten path: What to see beyond the Kremlin and the Bolshoi.
Major masterpieces of Tretyakov Gallery that are usually only shown to presidents and prime ministers on a tight schedule in just 30 minutes.
8 things you can learn in Moscow in one day.
Park Zaryadye: 7 things that will surprise you.
Moscow’s secret museums: 7 art galleries you need to visit.
Contemporary art in Moscow: a guide to museums and galleries.
6 Moscow train stations that are temples of art, architecture and history.
VDNKh: Everything about the Soviet Era Theme Park.

Where to eat?

Back in the USSR: 10 places to eat in Moscow with a Soviet atmosphere.
Where to find real Russian food in Moscow.
Moscow after dusk: 10 places to drink, dance, and groove.
Eating healthily: 5 restaurants to visit in Moscow.
Midnight feasts in Moscow: 5 restaurants for night owls and insomniacs.
A coffee map of Moscow: A guide for all occasions.
5 restaurants with incredible views of Moscow.

And don’t forget to download these 10 useful free apps to make your Moscow trip smooth and unforgettable.

What about the transport in Moscow?

The first one to mention is Moscow subway system – one of the most picturesque and great. Here are a few life hacks and secrets:

9 steps to manage the Moscow Metro like a local.
How to use a Troika card on Moscow’s Metro, and other ways to buy tickets.
Moscow metro navigation: Moscow metro to be more tourist-friendly.
How to avoid trouble in the Moscow metro.
What to see in the Metro, Moscow’s cheapest and most incredible museum.
How to survive a zombie apocalypse in Moscow’s Metro.
How to meet a girl on the Moscow Metro?
What are those strange black barrels in subway stations (and other stuff you’ve most likely seen and thought: “What the hell is that?”)
18 little known facts about the Moscow Metro.
Moscow’s urban legends: Ghosts, mutant rats under the Metro.

Bonus: video guide from Tim Kirby:

You can also use alternative ground transportation. Read how Russians mock their most unusual form of transportation – the marshrutka and why Moscow residents are crazy about car sharing.

«Everything you wanted to know…» is an extended guide to the most popular topics about Russia. We constantly work on new material, and this page will be updated with new entries and information as it’s received.

If using any of Russia Beyond’s content, partly or in full, always provide an active hyperlink to the original material.

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