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Imagine that you are doing a project on what people use their smartphones for. You have collected some data on the subject (see the diagram below). Comment on the data in the diagram and give your personal opinion on the subject of the project.
очинения формата 2022 года >>>>>
| Essay 2022 Sample 03 |
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Comment on the following statement: |
| Project on what people use their smartphones for. | |
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What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement? |
It goes without saying that using smartphones is an extremely important part of people’s life nowadays. It provides them with opportunities to communicate with the world no matter where they are as well as entertain themselves. The current project focuses on usage smartphones in people’s life.
The information provided in this chart is about phone usage that people are daily involved in. As it is evident from the chart the majority of people, accounting for more than four quarters, use their smartphones for emails. The next popular activity is making phone calls. The figures are 21% and 19% respectively. The chart plainly indicates that just a few people do purchases with their phones, at only 15%.
Comparing the data given in the diagram, it becomes obvious that almost five times more people use emails than those who use smartphones for doing purchases. Almost the same number of people, with a difference of 10%, surf the Internet and play games accordingly.
The chart clearly illustrates that people mostly use their smartphones for emails, calls and surfing the Internet. The first and the third activities might cause some damage for their health. One of them is sight damage. It is a serious problem since one should either wear glasses or to have a sight correction surgery. One of the probable solutions to the problem is doing eye gymnastics. Thus, exercises for eyes would certainly sharpen one’s eye sight. другие проблемы >>>>
To sum up, smartphones are used for a lot of purposes nowadays and the sphere of their usage is growing. In my personal opinion, paying for purchases using NTF system that is built in almost every smartphone should be used more because it is more safe and comfortable.
Read by George William Dole
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make an opening statement on the subject of the project work; |
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1. (Topic sentence, предложение, вводящее в тему) 2. Цель проекта + перефраз |
Using smartphones is an extremely important part of people’s life nowadays. It provides them with opportunities to communicate with the world no matter where they are as well as entertain themselves. The current project focuses on usage smartphones in people’s life. |
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select and report 2–3 main features; |
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1. Утверждение по теме 2. Комментарий на первую диаграмму 3. Комментарий на диаграмму. |
The information provided in this chart is about phone usage that people are daily involved in. As it is evident from the chart the majority of people, accounting for more than four quarters, use their smartphones for emails. The next popular activity is making phone calls. The figures are 21% and 19% respectively. The chart plainly indicates that just a few people do purchases with their phones, at only 15%. |
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make 1–2 comparisons where relevant; |
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1. Сравните крайние величины 2. Сравните близкие величины |
Comparing the data given in the diagram, it becomes obvious that almost five times more people use emails than those who use smartphones for doing purchases. Almost the same number of people, with a difference of 10%, surf the Internet and play games accordingly. |
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outline a problem that can arise with the insufficient physical activity in adolescents and suggest the way of solving it; |
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1. Вводная фраза 2. Обозначьте проблему 3. Обоснуйте проблему 4. Приведите решение |
The chart clearly illustrates that people mostly use their smartphones for emails, calls and surfing the Internet. The first and the third activities might cause some damage for their health. One of them is sight damage. It is a serious problem since one should either wear glasses or to have a sight correction surgery. One of the probable solutions to the problem is doing eye gymnastics. Thus, exercises for eyes would certainly sharpen one’s eye sight. |
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draw a conclusion giving your personal opinion on the role of doing purchasing by smartphones. |
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To sum up, smartphones are used for a lot of purposes nowadays and the sphere of their usage is growing. In my personal opinion, paying for purchases using NTF system that is built in almost every smartphone should be used more because it is more safe and comfortable. |
293 слова.
RUS-ENG
RUS
Типичные ошибки встречающиеся при написании сочинения с элементами рассуждения
38.1. Imagine that you are doing a project on what book genres are popular among teenagers in Zetland. You have found some data on the subject — the results of the opinion polls (see the table below).
Comment on the data in the table and give your personal opinion on the subject of the project.
| Book genre | Number of readers (%) |
|---|---|
| Adventure | 55.4 |
| Detective/war/spy stories | 55.3 |
| Sports stories | 49.2 |
| Animal stories | 27.2 |
| Romance | 17.6 |
Write 200−250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an opening statement on the subject of the project;
— select and report 2—3 facts;
— make 1—2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;
— outline a problem that can arise with reading and suggest a way of solving it;
— conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the importance of reading for teenagers.
38.2. Imagine that you are doing a project on what people use their smartphones for in Zetland. You have found some data on the subject — the results of the opinion polls (see the diagram below).
Comment on the data in the diagram and give your personal opinion on the subject of the project.
Write 200—250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an opening statement on the subject of the project;
— select and report 2−3 facts;
— make 1−2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;
— outline a problem that one can face using smartphones and suggest a way of solving it;
— conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the role of smartphones in our life.
Спрятать пояснение
Пояснение.
38.1 Nowadays a lot of teenagers spend their free time reading books particularly there is a variety of book genres. The aim of the project I am currently working on is to find out what book genres are popular among teenagers in Zetland. As part of my project, I have found and analyzed some relevant data presented in the table.
According to the data, the teenagers in Zetland have quite a wide range of tastes when it comes to book genres. It is clear, that the vast majority of the respondents enjoy reading adventure novels as well as detective stories (55.4% and 55.3% respectively). Sports stories are also quite popular with the teenage readers (49.2%), whereas romantic novels appear to be at the bottom of the table.
It is worth mentioning that animal stories are two times less preferable than adventure novels. To my mind, books about animals are written mostly for little children, not for teenage readers.
Statistics reveal one problem connected with reading. Obviously, there are no classical books in the table. Thus, teenagers in Zetland prefer reading books for relaxation than broadening their horizons. One solution to this problem is to organize discussing clubs for the adolescents there they can meet professors and theater actors, read together and read serious books. Live communication encourages better than boring lessons.
In conclusion, I firmly believe that reading is significant for teenagers. I hope the adolescents will be able to learn more reading different book genres. (245 words)
38.2 Many people believe that smartphones have become an essential part of modern life. The aim of the project I am working on is to find out what people use their smartphones for in Zetland. As part of my project, I have found and analyzed some relevant data presented in the diagram.
According to the data, there is quite a wide range of reasons when it comes to using smartphones. It is clear, that the vast majority of the respondents enjoy emailing as well as making phone calls (79% and 78% respectively). Surfing the internet is also quite popular with the smartphone users (58%), whereas paying for purchases appears to be at the bottom of the table.
It is worth mentioning that smartphones are used for playing computer games less often than for emailing. To my mind, it is comfortable to be in touch everywhere when it comes to business. At the same time, gaming is the most popular pastimes among teenagers.
One problem that people often face using smartphones is the poor quality of signal in some areas. It is very crucial nowadays due to the internet is necessary for using all options that modern devices provide. One solution to this problem is to create free Wi-Fi zones in public places, such as libraries, railway stations, parks where people can spend their time effectively and gain access to the internet for free.
In conclusion, I firmly believe that smartphones play a significant role in our life. They make our daily life easier but people should use them wisely.
(258 words)
Спрятать критерии
Критерии проверки:
| Критерий | Критерии оценивания ответа на задание | Баллы |
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| K1 | Решение коммуникативной задачи | |
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Задание выполнено полностью: содержание отражает полно и точно все аспекты, указанные в задании; стилевое оформление речи выбрано правильно (допускается 1 неполный/неточный аспект и 1 нарушение нейтрального стиля) |
3 | |
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Задание выполнено в основном: 1 аспект не раскрыт остальные раскрыты полно), ИЛИ 1 аспект не раскрыт, и 1 раскрыт неполно/неточно, ИЛИ 2–3 аспекта раскрыты неполно/неточно; стилевое оформление речи в основном правильно (допускаются 2–3 нарушения нейтрального стиля) |
2 | |
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Задание выполнено не полностью: 1 аспект не раскрыт, и 2–3 раскрыты неполно/неточно, ИЛИ 2 аспекта не раскрыты (остальные раскрыты полно), ИЛИ 2 аспекта содержания не раскрыты и 1 раскрыт неполно/ неточно, ИЛИ 4–5 аспектов раскрыты неполно/неточно; имеются ошибки в стилевом оформлении речи (допускаются 4 нарушения нейтрального стиля) |
1 | |
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Задание не выполнено: все случаи, не указанные в оценивании на 1, 2 и 3 балла, ИЛИ ответ не соответствует требуемому объёму, ИЛИ более 30% ответа имеет непродуктивный характер (т. е. текстуально совпадает с опубликованным источником) |
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| K2 | Организация текста | |
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Высказывание логично, структура текста соответствует предложенному плану, текст правильно разделён на абзацы средства логической связи использованы правильно |
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Высказывание логично, структура текста соответствует предложенному плану, текст правильно разделён на абзацы, средства логической связи использованы правильно (допускается 1–3 ошибки) |
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| В высказывании имеются 4–5 ошибок в организации текста
И/ИЛИ отсутствует вступление или заключение |
1 | |
| В высказывании имеются 6 и более ошибок в организации текста,
И/ИЛИ отсутствует вступление и заключение, И/ИЛИ предложенный план ответа полностью не соблюдается, И/ИЛИ отсутствует деление на абзацы |
0 | |
| K3 | Лексика | |
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Используемый словарный запас соответствует высокому уровню сложности задания, практически нет нарушений использовании лексики (допускается 1 лексическая ошибка) |
3 | |
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Используемый словарный запас соответствует высокому уровню сложности задания, однако имеются 2–3 лексические ошибки, ИЛИ словарный запас ограничен, но лексика использована правильно |
2 | |
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Используемый словарный запас не вполне соответствует высокому уровню сложности задания, в тексте имеются 4 лексические ошибки |
1 | |
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Используемый словарный запас не соответствует высокому уровню сложности задания, в тексте имеются 5 и более лексических ошибок |
0 | |
| K4 | Грамматика | |
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Используемые грамматические средства соответствуют высокому уровню сложности задания, нарушений практически нет (допускаются 1–2 неповторяющиеся грамматические ошибки) |
3 | |
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Используемые грамматические средства соответствуют высокому уровню сложности задания, однако в тексте имеются 3–4 грамматические ошибки |
2 | |
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Используемые грамматические средства не вполне соответствуют высокому уровню сложности задания, в тексте имеются 5–7 грамматических ошибок |
1 | |
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Используемые грамматические средства не соответствуют высокому уровню сложности задания, имеются 8 и более грамматических ошибок |
0 | |
| K5 | Орфография и пунктуация | |
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Орфографические ошибки практически отсутствуют. Текст разделён на предложения с правильным пунктуационным оформлением (допускается 1 орфографическая ##И/ИЛИ 1 пунктуационная ошибка) |
2 | |
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В тексте имеются 2–4 орфографические И/ИЛИ пунктуационные ошибки |
1 | |
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В тексте имеются 5 и более орфографических И/ИЛИ пунктуационных ошибок |
0 | |
| Максимальный балл | 14 |
Источник: Демонстрационная версия ЕГЭ—2022 по английскому языку
Развёрнутое письменное высказывание на основе таблицы/диаграммы.
С 2022 года в устной части ЕГЭ по английскому введено задание на анализ диаграммы. Здесь представляем образец выполнения задания с рядом тренировочных упражнений.
ОбразецУпражнения
ЗАДАНИЕ
Imagine that you are doing a project on what people use their smartphones for. You have collected some data on the subject (see the diagram below). Comment on the data in the diagram and give your personal opinion on the subject of the project.
Write 200–250 words.
Use the following plan:
– make an opening statement on the subject of the project work;
– select and report 2–3 main features;
– make 1–2 comparisons where relevant;
– outline a problem that can arise with using smartphones and suggest the way of solving it;
– draw a conclusion giving your personal opinion on the role of smartphones in our life.
ОТВЕТ
Smartphones have become an integral part of the modern life. People use them for different purposes: sending and receiving email, making pnone calls, surfing the Internet, etc. I have done a project on the use of smartphones and now I am going to comment on the data and give my personal opinion on the subject.
According to the reasearch, sending and receiving electronic letters has a strong lead in using smartphones. Seventy-nine per cent of people consider these devices the best means to be in correspondence with their friends and family. At the same time, making phone calls is ranked number two in the purposes smartphones are used for. Specifically, people speak on the phone in seventy-eight per cent of the cases.
The next top positions are held by surfing the Internet and playing games while differing from each other by ten per cent sharp. In fifty-eight cases people connect to the World Wide Web with their smartphones, and in forty-eight cases they take their above-mentioned devices to start a game.
Cosidering the frequency of using smartphones, sense of sight may take a turn for the worse. To reduce the damage it is highly recommended to buy models with high resolution screen and to make special exercises for the eyes.
In conclusion, I would like to stress the fact that a smartphone is indispensable for everyone because of its functional variety.
- Упражнение 1
- Упражнение 2
- Упражнение 3
- Упражнение 4
В конце января ФИПИ опубликовал методические материалы для председателей и членов предметных комиссий для проверки письменной и устной части ЕГЭ 2022 года. Алексей Конобеев проанализировал, как именно будут оцениваться ответы на новые задания ЕГЭ по английскому языку 2022 года, как дать правильные ответы и получить высший балл за экзамен.
Алексей Конобеев — кандидат педагогических наук, академический директор Skyeng, главный редактор издательства «Титул» и журнала «Английский язык в школе», доцент кафедры лингводидактики МПГУ.
Из этой статьи вы узнаете о письменных заданиях ЕГЭ 2022 — изменения в формате и требования к ответам.
ЕГЭ по английскому 2022. Задание 39
В задании 39 с 2022 года нужно писать не личное письмо, как раньше, а электронное — сообщение по электронной почте. Правила общения для такого формата более гибкие, чем для написания личных писем, — и выполнить задание теперь проще.
Что нужно сделать на экзамене
Написать электронное письмо личного характера. Объем текста — 100–140 слов. С учетом допустимого отклонения от заданного объема в тексте может быть 90–154 слова. Если в тексте меньше 90 слов, то ответ будет оценен в 0 баллов, если в тексте больше 154 слов, то оценят только первые 140 слов.
Skyeng ищет преподавателей английского. Подробности по ссылке: Skyeng
Что оценивается
Всего за задание 39 можно получить 6 баллов.
Как получить высший балл за задание 39
- Ответить на три вопроса из письма-стимула.
- Задать три вопроса об указанном в задании предмете.
- Поблагодарить за полученное письмо и выразить надежду на дальнейшие контакты.
- Придерживаться неофициального стиля (правильно выбрать обращение, заключительную фразу и подписать свое сообщение).
Отличия электронного сообщения от личного письма
- Не требуется писать адрес друга по переписке и свой адрес, не надо перерисовывать и заполнять рамку шапки электронного сообщения.
- Не нужно указывать дату, так как в электронных сообщениях дата проставляется автоматически.
- Нет необходимости ссылаться на предыдущие контакты, достаточно просто поблагодарить за полученное сообщение или выразить положительные эмоции от него.
В остальном требования к ответу не изменились по сравнению с личным письмом.
Лайфхаки к заданию 39
Обратите внимание на следующие моменты:
Все наши материалы по ЕГЭ вы найдете по этой ссылке
В остальном требования к электронному сообщению не отличаются от требований к личному письму.
ЕГЭ по английскому 2022. Задание 40
В задании 40 нужно написать развернутое письменное высказывание с элементами рассуждения на основе таблицы/диаграммы. Для этого нужно:
- понять данные в таблице или в графике;
- сравнить и сопоставить наиболее важные;
- сформулировать возможную проблему в предложенной в задании сфере;
- выразить возможное решение этой проблемы;
- высказать свое мнение по указанному в задании аспекту проектной работы.
Что нужно сделать на экзамене
Выбрать один вариант задания из двух предложенных (40.1 или 40.2). В одном варианте нужно будет опираться на информацию в таблице, во втором — на информацию в графике.
Опираясь на заданную коммуникативную ситуацию, ученики пишут рассуждение на заданную тему и раскрывают все пункты задания, например:
Объем текста — 200–250 слов. С учетом допустимого отклонения от заданного объема в тексте может быть 180–275 слов. Если в тексте менее 180 слов, то ответ будет оценен в 0 баллов, если в тексте больше 275 слов, то оценят только первые 250 слов.
Экономьте время на подготовку к урокам и проверку домашних заданий со Skyeng. Удаленный формат занятий, защита от внезапных отмен и график, который настроен специально под вас. Присоединяйтесь к нашей команде: Skyeng
Что оценивается в задании 40
Как получить высший балл за задание 40
- Передать коммуникативную ситуацию: ученик работает над проектом и нашел результаты опроса, проведенного в некоей стране.
- Описать найденные данные, проанализировать и сравнить их.
- Выявить проблему в исследуемой сфере, предложить способ ее решения.
- Высказать мнение по тому аспекту проблемы, который указан в задании.
Лайфхаки к заданию 40
Важно также помнить, что задание 40 — это задание высокого уровня, поэтому и лексика, и грамматика в ответе должны ему соответствовать. При описании таблиц и графиков можно использовать такие выражения, как:
В плане грамматики убедитесь, что в тексте ответа есть сложносочиненные и сложноподчиненные предложения, а заключение состоит из нескольких предложений. Используйте разнообразные грамматические конструкции.
Задание 40. Пример
Как может выглядеть ответ на задание 40? С разрешения авторов серии пособий для подготовки к ОГЭ и ЕГЭ Мадины Гаджиевой, Елены Меджибовской и Николаса Вейн Кумбса приведем написанный ими примерный ответ на следующее задание из демоверсии ЕГЭ:
Примерный ответ к заданию 40 ЕГЭ 2022 года
Надеемся, что информация об изменениях в экзамене, советы по выполнению заданий и примерные ответы помогут учителям эффективно подготовить учеников к новому формату ЕГЭ по английскому языку 2022. Нужны материалы к урокам — преподавайте в Skyeng по онлайн-курсам Skysmart от лучших методистов.
Чтобы не потерять накопленные перед ЕГЭ знания и умения, важно продолжить изучение английского языка и после школы. В этом помогут онлайн-курсы для взрослых для общих целей, по бизнес-английскому, английскому для путешествий и даже необычные уроки Flip, где половину урока ученик осваивает материал самостоятельно, а вторую половину — с помощью преподавателя.
А если в ваши планы не входит учеба на онлайн-курсах, просто зайдите на наши онлайн-мастер-классы на английском языке, чтобы поддержать свой уровень языка и просто поговорить о чем-то для себя интересном.
ЕГЭ – 2022. Английский язык.
Советы по выполнению задания 40
Задание
План эссе
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PARA 1: make an opening statement on the subject of the 1. 2. Важность конкретной темы (what 3. 4. 3 предложения |
Reading |
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PARA 2: select Пишем |
I can |
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PARA 3: make 3-4 |
It is also worth mentioning that the |
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PARA 4: outline 3 |
In my opinion, the statistics in the table reveal an important |
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PARA 5: draw Мое |
In 258 |
1 абзац 
ЧТО:
ü
дать понять, о чем ваш
письменный ответ +
ü
упомянуть проект и указать
тему проекта +
ü
подчеркнуть ее важность/
актуальность +/-
ü
упомянуть данные из
таблицы/ диаграммы +
ü
обозначить цель проекта +/-
КАК:
1. Общая фраза по общей теме
(reading).
2. Важность конкретной темы (what book genres are popular among teenagers).
3. Подготовка проекта по этой теме.
4. Таблица со статистикой.
5. Намерение прокомментировать и высказать
свое мнение.
1 способ
Reading is an
important part of education and
if parents and teachers want to encourage teenagers to read, they need to know
what kinds of books most appeal to young people. My project,
which I am still working on, is aimed at finding out what book genres are popular with
teenage boys and girls. I have found some data on this issue / on
the subject about…. The
statistics are in the chart/ table and I will analyze them in this essay.
2 способ
Recent studies show that … (актуальность, тренды).
While doing my own
project on… (тема проекта), I found some (relevant) data (that illustrate what… / how… (тема проекта)), and in this essay I am going to analyze this data and
express my opinion on … / present my conclusions.
3 способ
… has been
the subject of numerous studies over the last few decades. As part of my own project on (an important topic of) (тема проекта),
I have found some
relevant data and come across quite interesting / surprising findings. In this essay I am going to analyze the statistics
and express my opinion on…
4 способ
Many people believe that… (общепринятое/спорное утверждение, связанное с темой проекта).
The aim of the
project I am currently doing (или working
on) is to find out more about it. As part of my project, I have found some data on this issue, and in this essay I am going to analyze
this data and express my opinion on … / present my conclusions.
5 способ
Recently our
class was tasked with a project on … In order to complete the project I have found some data on the subject about … The statistics
are in the chart and I will
analyze them in this essay.
6 способ
Social
networks have become an integral
part of our life. People seem to spend more and more time
surfing Facebook, Instagram and other social media pages. The current project focuses on…
7 способ:
Many people believe
that teenagers are no longer interested in reading. The aim of the project
I am currently doing или (working on) is to find
out more about it. As part of my project, I have found and analyzed some data on what literary
genres are popular with teenagers living in Zetland.
8 способ:
Undoubtedly, reading plays an important role in
everyone’s life. Doing a
project about reading I found some data on teenagers’ favourite book
genres. I
am going to comment on several key features of the results of the poll. Или In this project I am
going to outline several key features of the results of the poll.
9 способ
Nowadays almost everyone has a smartphone. Doing a project about smartphones I have found some data on how people use their
smartphones. I am going to comment on several key features of the results
of the poll. Или In this project I am going to outline several key
features of the results of the poll.
Полезные фразы
● Nowadays more and more people understand that… – В настоящее время всё больше людей понимают, что…
● It is widely known that… — Широко известно, что…
● It is well known that… — Хорошо известно, что…
● There is no doubt that… — Несомненно, что…
● It goes without saying that… — Само собой разумеется, что…
·
… has
always had a great impact on every aspect of people’s lives.
·
…is
extremely important as it defines…- чрезвычайно важен, поскольку он определяет…
·
…is
absolutely vital in…(for…) — абсолютно жизненно важен в…
·
…is /
are an important part of…
·
…is
/are a great threat to (both) …, as…
·
…is
an important way for… to…
·
…is /
are a result of … and can lead to…
·
…is
essential for almost every activity
·
…in
recent years (в последние годы ) / …in the last six decades (за последние шесть лет)
·
● The findings from the study touch on a question of… — Выводы, сделанные на основе изученных данных, касаются вопроса…
● Undoubtedly, … plays an important role in everyone’s
life. — Несомненно, … играет важную роль в жизни каждого человека.
Nowadays almost everyone… — В настоящее время
почти каждый… / В настоящее время почти у каждого…
● While doing a project on…, I have found several opinion
polls showing how… — Выполняя проектную работу по…, я нашёл опросы мнений, демонстрирующие, как…
● While doing a project on…, I have found some data showing…
— Выполняя проектную работу по…, я нашёл данные о том, …
• While doing a project about… I found some data on
this issue / on the subject about… and organized it in the table / graph /
chart below. — Выполняя проектную работу по…, я нашёл данные по этому вопросу
/ на тему … и представил их в виде таблицы / графика / диаграммы ниже.
• My project, which I am still working on, is aimed at
analyzing … / at finding out how / what / when…
• I have found some data that illustrates… — Я нашёл
некоторые данные,
● I am going to comment on several key features of the
results of the poll. — Я собираюсь прокомментировать несколько ключевых фактов из результатов опроса.
● I am going to comment on the data and express my opinion /
point of view.— Я собираюсь прокомментировать данные и выразить своё мнение / свою
точку зрения.
·
I
have found some data that illustrates… — Я нашёл некоторые данные, иллюстрирующие…
|
Starting |
Presentation |
Verb |
Description |
|
The/ the given / the |
diagram / table / figure / illustration |
shows / represents / depicts |
the comparison of… |
2 абзац 
ЧТО:
ü сгруппировать данные = выделить 2-3
группы :
1) максимум
2) среднее
значение
3) минимум
самый
популярный – средний по популярности – наименее популярный;
ü назвать и описать эти 2-3 черты в общем
виде;
1 ПРИМЕР:
According to the data, teenagers in
Zetland have quite a wide range of tastes when
it comes to genres of literature. 1) The vast majority of the
respondents enjoy reading adventure and detective stories as well as
books about war and spies. 2) Sports stories are also quite popular with
teenage readers in Zetland, 3) whereas romantic novels appear to be
the least popular book genre.
2 пример:
From
the table of data, the most significant items are as follows. In the first
section 81% of the students regularly read academic books» while
44% regularly read academic journals. Nothing else is read regularly or often
by 40% or more of the students. The following comments can be made about
the reading of newspapers, magazines and fiction. 75% sometimes read regional
or local newspapers, 69% sometimes read books of fiction, 62% sometimes read
general magazines, and 56% sometimes read national daily newspapers. On the
other hand, 37% never read Sunday newspapers and 31% never read fiction. In
the second section, not surprisingly, 100% read news about their own
country in newspapers and 56% read this first. 94% read international news,
25% read this
first. 81% read about Britain and look at radio and TV information. The
only other item that is usually read by more than 50% of the students is current
affairs (read by 56%).
3 пример:
Looking at the details, the most popular book genre is adventure with
55,4% reading this type of literature which means that teenagers are
keen on dynamic plots and unexpected twists. On the contrary, the
least popular genre is romance as a little bit less than a
fifth of teenagers read it.
4 пример
As we can see, most people use their smartphones to send and receive
emails and to make phone calls – 79% and 78% respectively. On
the contrary, the least popular purpose for using smartphones is
paying for purchases, which is quite surprising given that more and more
people prefer mobile payment services like Apple Pay to credit cards and cash.
5 пример:
According to the data, the
majority of teenagers in Zetland
choose to spend their free time surfing the Internet and playing computer games
(32% and 29% respectively). Watching films and listening to music are
in the third place with 19%.
6 пример:
To begin with, one of the
most prominent features of the data provided in the chart is that the most frequently visited network is Facebook, which
is followed by YouTube. The figures are 63% and 61% respectively. Meanwhile,
the least popular choice is Snapchat which stands at 13 %.
7 пример:
I can identify
two main features of the statistics presented in the table. The first one
is that the majority of
teenagers cited adventure stories as their favourite book genre, making this
kind of books most popular among young people. And the second key feature is
that only 17.6 per cent of teenagers reported enjoying reading romances,
putting this genre at the bottom of the table.
Полезные фразы
As can be
seen/ It’s obvious
that, + the diagram shows/ illustrates/ demonstrates/reflects
+ a gradual /insignificant / constant / moderate / slight / minor + fall / decrease
/decline /increase/ growth/ of… computer usage from 1984 to 2016.
…79% and 78% respectively. —
…79% and 78% соответственно.
… is half as popular as reading… — … в два раза менее популярнее чем…
… which is quite surprising given that… — …, что довольно удивительно, учитывая, что…
… which stands at… /
amounts to…/ totals… 13 %. — что составляет 13%.
…with a little bit less than a fifth… — и чуть меньше, чем одна пятая
часть…
A close second genre in popularity is…
According to the data in the table /
chart, the most popular… with 55,4%… — Согласно данным в таблице / диаграмме, самый популярный…, так как 55,4%…
Another important fact is that… — Ещё один важный факт — …
As can be seen in the
chart / table, most people… — Как видно из диаграммы / таблицы, большинство людей…
As we can see, most
people… — Как мы видим, большинство людей…
At first glance, it can
be seen that … — На первый взгляд видно, что…
By contrast, the least
favoured… — Напротив, наименее популярный…
I can
identify two main features of the statistics presented in the table. The first
one is that… And the second key feature is that…
It is also clear that the
least popular purpose… — Также очевидно, что наименее популярная цель…
It is noticeable that a (large) proportion of… — Легко заметить, что (огромная) часть…
Looking at the details,
the most popular… with 55,4%… — Согласно данным, самый популярный…, так как 55,4%…
On the contrary, the
least popular… — Напротив, наименее популярный…
Overall, … — В
общем и целом, …
The information given
shows that the most popular… is…, while the least popular is…
The
majority / minority / a significant percentage / a large proportion/ a small
proportion / a very small number + of those interviewed / consumers / people surveyed /
respondents / of those who responded to the survey/ of the people asked +
were of the opinion…/ believed that…/ reported that /
preferred / chose…./ expressed (dis)approval that… / wished to have… / wanted…/
expressed interest in…/ responded positively to the idea of…/ thought that…/ noticed…/ highlighted…/ emphasized…/ mentioned…/
cited…
The table / chart reveals
that the most … is… — Таблица / диаграмма показывает, что
This fact suggests /
indicates that …
What immediately stands
out is that… — Что сразу выделяется, так это то, что…
The percentage
of girls attending the
English training course was similar to that of
boys in 2002.
The number of students in Spanish Department is the same as that in Chinese Department.
The number of students in grade 1 is twice/three times + as many/much as (higher/ more/greater than) the number of students
in grade 2.
Vocabulary for
the General Trend Part:
3 абзац 
ЧТО:
ü сравнить данные между собой;
ü детализировать: добавить проценты (количество);
(качественно охарактеризовать)
КАК:
насколько больше/меньше;
значительная / несущественная разница
между … и … ;
ожидаемое/неожиданное и т.п.
Фразы
для сравнения данных:
• …79% and 78% respectively — …79 и 78 процентов соответственно.
• …a little bit less than a fifth. — …немного меньше, чем одна пятая.
• …and it is
10 percent more popular than…
— …и это на 10% популярнее, чем…
• …are almost as popular as — …практически так же популярны, как…
• …which is
around twice as many as the figure for — …и это примерно в 2раза больше, чем
число…
• … appear / appears to be loved more than … — оказываются / оказывается более популярным, чем…
• … appear / appears to be more popular than … — оказываются
/ оказывается более популярным, чем…
• … is the most preferred with a sizeable majority (reading)
– Самая предпочтительная, с
явным большинством
• … the
difference between them is 0,1 percentage points. — …разница между ними всего 0,1 процентных пунктов.
• …is only slightly lower than…
• A tiny fraction more/less popular – Ненамного более / менее популярна…
• According to the data in the table, … — Согласно данным в
таблице, …
• Another factor worth mentioning is…
• Another important thing to mention is that… — Ещё одна
важная деталь —…
• Around twice as popular as … —
более чем вполовину более популярен, чем
• As compared to… — по
сравнению с …
• Based on the chart, it can be inferred that… — После изучения данных в диаграмме,
можно сделать вывод о том, что…
• Both genres are… — Оба жанра…
• Further analysis of the table / chart reveals that… —
Дальнейший анализ таблицы / диаграммы показывает, что…
• In regard to…, the figures stand at % — Что касается…,
цифра достигла… процента
• It can be concluded from the given information that… — Из
имеющейся информации мы можем сделать вывод, что…
• It demonstrates that most people are aimed at… rather than…
— Это показывает, что
большинство людей нацелены на…
• It is also worth mentioning that…
• It is apparent / notable that …
• It is interesting that the most favoured is twice as popular as the least preferred one:…against…
• Looking at the information in more detail, we can see that…
— Изучив
• Looking more closely at the table, we can note that… —
Изучив таблицу более внимательно, мы можем отметить,
что…
• The difference between them is…% — Разница между ними …%
• The figures for… and … tend to be fairly similar. — Число
(тех, кто…) и
• The least popular / favoured – самый непопулярный
• The most significant difference can be observed between …
and …
• The most striking feature is …
• The percentage of … is almost identical – Процент … почти одинаков.
• The send most popular is only a tiny fraction less popular than…, which is…%
• There is no significant difference between – Нет существенной разницы между
• Twice / three times / four times as many as a figure for … — процент в 2/3/4 раза выше, чем
Другие
связки для анализа данных в таблице/диаграмме
● Firstly –
во-первых.
● Secondly
– во-вторых.
● Thirdly –
в-третьих.
● For
example – например.
● However –
как бы то ни было / однако.
● Moreover
– более того.
● What is more
— более того.
●
Nevertheless – тем не менее.
● On the contrary –
напротив.
● On the one hand —
с одной стороны.
● On the
other hand — с другой стороны.
1 ПРИМЕР:
Surprisingly, only 27.2% and 17.6% of
those surveyed enjoy reading animal stories and romance. By contrast,
adventure novels are favoured by a much higher proportion of the respondents
(55.4%, to be exact), followed closely by detective, war and spy stories
at 55.3% The percentage of those who like reading sports stories is
only slightly lower, making up 49.2%.
2 пример:
According to the data in
the table, sports stories appear
to be more popular than animal stories, as there are 49.2% of
teenagers reading sports stories, which is around twice as many as the figure for
animal stories. Another important thing to mention is that detective,
spy and war stories are almost as popular as adventure stories – the
difference between them is 0,1%. Both genres are real page-turners,
and this may be the key to such popularity.
3 пример:
According to the data in
the table, people also use their
smartphones for surfing the Internet, and it is 10 percent more popular than
playing games. It demonstrates that most people are aimed at
looking for necessary data for their work or studies rather than wasting time
on useless activities.
4 пример:
Unsurprisingly, in this world of technology, only 11% of the
respondents voted for going for a walk. In addition, the figure
for those who voted for sports activities in the gym is even 2% lower.
5 пример:
Apart from that, comparing
average in popularity networks, we
can conclude that WhatsApp is far more popular than Twitter. The
former comprises 48% while the latter makes up only 23%.
6 пример:
It is also
worth mentioning that the
number of teenagers enjoying detective novels and books about war and spies
(55,3%) is only slightly lower than the number of teenagers
enjoying adventure stories (55,4%).
Лексика
Percentages:
10% increase,
25 percent decrease,
increased by
15%,
dropped by 10
per cent,
fall at 50%,
reached to 75%,
tripled,
doubled,
one-fourth,
three-quarters,
half,
double fold,
treble,
5 times higher,
3 times lower,
declined to
about 49%,
stood exactly at 43%.
Fractions:
4% = A tiny fraction.
24% = Almost / about a
quarter.
25% Exactly a quarter.
26% = Roughly one quarter.
32% Nearly one-third, nearly
a third.
49% = Around a half, just
under a half.
50% Exactly a half.
51% = Just over a half.
73% = Nearly three quarters.
77% = Approximately three
quarter, more than three-quarter.
79% = Well over three quarters.
Количество без
упоминания процентов:
1—3% — an insignificant
number of… / an insignificant amount of…
2% = A tiny portion, a very
small proportion of
4% = An insignificant
minority, an insignificant proportion of
5% — a small number of… / a
small amount of…
10% — a small minority of…
15—19% — less than a fifth
16% = A small minority, a
small portion of
20% — a fifth
24% = almost a quarter
25% — one quarter / a quarter
26% = roughly one quarter
30% — just under a third
32% = nearly one-third
33 — a third
35% — just over a third / more
than a third
40% — two fifths
47—49% — approximately half /
about half
49% = just under a half
50% — half of… / a half
51% = just over a half
51—55% — just over half
55% = more than half
60% — three fifths
70% —A large proportion of
72% = A significant majority,
A significant proportion of
73% — a large proportion of…
/ a large number of… / nearly three quarters
75% — three quarters
76% = just over
three-quarters
80% — four fifths
85% — a significant
proportion of…
89% = A very large proportion
of
90% — an overwhelming
majority…
Words/ Phrases of
Approximation
» Approximately
» Nearly
» Roughly
» Almost
» About
» Around
» More or less
» Just over
» Just under
» Just around
» Just about
» Just below
» A little more than
» A little less than.
Другие связки для
анализа данных в таблице/диаграмме
Firstly – Во-первых
Secondly – Во-вторых
Thirdly – В-третьих
For example – Например
For instance – Например
However – Как бы то ни было / однако
Moreover – Более того
What is more — Более того
Nevertheless – Тем не менее
On the contrary – Напротив
On the one hand — С одной
стороны
On the other hand — С другой
стороны
Similarly…
On the contrary…
Meanwhile…
In contrast…
By comparison…
Прилагательные: sharp, rapid, huge, dramatic, substantial, considerable,
significant, slight, small, minimal, massive.
Наречия:
dramatically, rapidly, hugely, massive, sharply, steeply, considerably,
substantially, significantly, slightly, minimally, markedly.
4 абзац – outline
a problem that can arise with reading and suggest the way of solving it;
ЧТО:
ü
найти проблему и
ü
предложить ее решение
Должна ли проблема вытекать из данных?
Не обязательно; но она должна быть связана с общей темой.
КАК:
•
One problem that ___ can/might cause is …
•
One of the problems
that is/can be caused by ___ is …
•
One problem that can
occur in ___ is …
•
One problem that can
occur as a result of ___ is …
•
One problem that ___
(smartphone users) often face / are confronted with is …
•
One problem (that is
usually/often) associated with ___ is …
•
One problem that is
often experienced by (readers) …
• As far as I can see, … can cause several problems. The most serious one is that… — Насколько я вижу, … может быть причиной
нескольких проблем. Наиболее серьёзная из них это…
• One problem that can be connected with … is that… —
Одна из проблем, связанных с …, это…
• … and this may result in… — и это
может стать причиной…
• A problem likely to arise is that … perhaps it is
possible to solve the problem by…
• In my opinion, the statistics in the table
reveal an important problem.
• Though … , one problem can arise. —
Хотя … , может возникнуть одна проблема.
• However, … can cause several problems. The most serious one is that… —Однако … может быть причиной нескольких проблем.
Наиболее серьёзная из них это…
• The best way to solve
this problem is to …
• One of the best ways to tackle this issue
is …
• However, there is a possible solution to this problem.
— Однако, есть возможное решение этой проблемы.
• I believe that … is the best solution to this problem.
— Я считаю, что … — лучшее решение данной проблемы.
• I think that in order to solve this
problem…
1 ПРИМЕР:
One difficulty that struggling readers often have / (или that teenage readers often face) is lack of
motivation to read. It is a serious problem that affects the
development of comprehension skills and overall academic performance.
2 ПРИМЕР:
One problem that is nowadays associated with reading is a growing decline
in book-reading culture. Indeed reading books seems to be
losing its popularity with people of all ages, including teenagers.
3 ПРИМЕР:
The data indicate that although modern teenagers read a lot, they tend to avoid choosing
romantic novels and animal stories. I suppose this is because
today’s adolescents are too pragmatic, not caring and compassionate enough. One
solution to this problem is for parents and teachers to raise
teenagers’ awareness of the importance of developing empathy and encourage them
to read and discuss romance and animal stories. The best way to do it
is to find out what puts young people off choosing these genres and try
to connect reading to their interests.
4 ПРИМЕР:
Although teenagers in Zetland seem
to be interested in reading, globally, young people are reading fewer books
than before. The problem is that today’s teenagers get easily
discouraged by long and challenging texts. As a result, they feel
frustrated and lose motivation to read, which affects the development of
their comprehension skills and overall academic performance. The best
solution to this problem is to let teenagers choose their reading for
themselves and encourage them to read different texts, not only books.
5 пример
One problem that can be
connected with reading is that
nowadays reading is losing its popularity among teenagers, and this may
result in poor imagination and a limited vocabulary range. However,
there is a possible solution to this problem. School teachers should
stimulate teenagers’ interest in various book genres by organising
special discussion clubs and drama lessons.
6 пример
As far as I can see, using smartphones can cause several problems.
The most serious one is that people become too dependent on their
smartphones. I believe that reducing time spent on the phone is the
best solution to this problem. For example, people should
communicate face to face more often instead of sending emails because
it is faster and does not result in losing communication skills.
7 пример
As one can see in the chart, passive free-time activities, surfing
the net and playing computer games, are the most popular among teenagers from
Zetland. Obviously, this problem is widespread and a cause of concerns in
society because it may lead to weight gain. To solve this issue,
parents should control their teenage children’s screen time.
8 пример
The data given in the bar chart reveal that great number of people
are engaged in social network activities. Obviously, this might have an
adverse impact on their involvement in various kinds of leisure activities,
including active recreation. I believe that one of the possible solutions to
the issue of the reduction of the amount of time people spend on leisure
activities in favour of visiting social networks can be making an
informed decision by the person himself to limit the time spent online and take
up a new exciting hobby.
9 пример
One
problem that can be deduced from the data is that none of the teenagers mentioned classic literature, and
this may result in lack of emotional and cultural experience. However,
there is a possible solution to this problem. Schools should organise
drama clubs in order to draw teenagers’ attention to classic literature and awaken
their interest.
10
пример
In my opinion, the statistics in the table reveal an important
problem. We can see
that teenagers are not interested in biographies and are therefore missing
out on a great amount of wisdom contained in these books. I think that in
order to solve this problem biographies should be included in the school
curriculum.
5 абзац – conclude
by giving your opinion on the importance of reading for
teenagers;
ЧТО:
ü сделать
заключение, высказав свое мнение
ü bring the key elements
together
КАК:
• To sum everything up, I
can say that… – Подводя итоги, я могу сказать, что…
• In conclusion, I would
like to emphasise that… – В заключение, я бы хотел подчеркнуть, что…
• All in all, I am
convinced that… – Я убеждён, что…
• In conclusion, I believe
that… is crucial in everyone’s life because… —
• In conclusion, I think
that … are an integral part of our life because… —
• although / while … , …
• All things considered…
• On the whole, I believe that…
• That is why, even though preferences
may differ greatly, it is important to…
• In conclusion, I believe
that…
1 ПРИМЕР:
In conclusion, I believe
that although not all literature genres are liked by Zetland’s teenagers, reading obviously
plays a significant role in their lives and in the life of every teenager.
2 ПРИМЕР:
In conclusion, I firmly
believe that despite some problems associated with reading / that reading
might cause, it obviously plays a significant role in the life of every
teenager.
3 ПРИМЕР:
In conclusion, I firmly believe that despite some problems
associated with
reading, it is obviously very important for teenagers to read on
a regular basis / different texts / books of different genres.
4 пример
In conclusion, I believe
that reading is crucial in
everyone’s life because it broadens people’s horizons, expands their
vocabulary, improves their memory and develops imagination.
5 пример
In conclusion, I think
that smartphones are an integral
part of our life because they provide us with a wide range of
opportunities. Due to smartphones people can find necessary
information quickly and are able to communicate with people wherever
they are and by various means.
6 пример
In conclusion, it is
important for teenagers to spend their free time effectively. It will
help them to have a good rest, get rid of stress and be full of …
7 пример
Taking everything into
consideration, we should balance between online and offline pastimes to
stay physically and mentally healthy.
8 пример
In conclusion, I believe that reading is important for people of all
ages. Not only is reading fun and enjoyable, but it also allows us to
learn about any subject and improve our analytical and creative skills.
ШАБЛОНЫ
1. Recent studies show that teenagers’ reading habits have changed. To
find out more about it, I have found some information on what literary genres
are popular with teenagers living in Zetland. As part of my project, I have
analyzed these data and come across some interesting findings.
According to the data, teenagers in Zetland have
quite a wide range of tastes when it comes to genres of literature. The vast
majority of the respondents enjoy reading adventure and detective stories as
well as books about war and spies. Sports stories are also quite popular with
teenage readers in Zetland whereas romantic novels are the least popular book
genre.
Surprisingly, only 27.2% and 17.6% of those surveyed
like reading animal stories and romance. By contrast, adventure novels are
favoured by a much higher proportion of the respondents (55.4%, to be exact),
followed closely by detective, war and spy stories at 55.3% The percentage of
those who enjoy reading sports stories is only slightly lower, making up 49.2%.
Although teenagers in Zetland seem to be interested
in reading, globally, young people are reading fewer books than before. The
problem is that today’s teenagers get easily discouraged by long and
challenging texts. As a result, they feel frustrated and lose motivation to
read, which affects the development of their comprehension skills and academic
performance. The best solution to this problem is to let teenagers choose their
reading for themselves and encourage them to
read not only books but a variety of texts. / или to read on a regular basis.
In conclusion, I firmly believe that despite some
problems associated with reading, it is obviously very important for teenagers
to regularly read different texts (and books
of different genres).
2. Recent studies show that teenagers’ reading habits have changed. To
find out more about it, I have found some information on what literary genres
are popular with teenagers living in Zetland. As part of my project, I have
analyzed these data and come across some interesting findings.
According to the data, teenagers in Zetland have
quite a wide range of tastes when it comes to genres of literature. The vast
majority of the respondents enjoy reading adventure and detective stories as
well as books about war and spies. Sports stories are also quite popular with
teenage readers in Zetland whereas romantic novels are the least popular book
genre.
Surprisingly, only 27.2% and 17.6% of those surveyed
like reading animal stories and romance. By contrast, adventure novels are
favoured by a much higher proportion of the respondents (55.4%, to be exact),
followed closely by detective, war and spy stories at 55.3% The percentage of
those who enjoy reading sports stories is only slightly lower, making up 49.2%.
Although teenagers in Zetland seem to be interested
in reading, globally, young people are reading fewer books than before. The
problem is that today’s teenagers get easily discouraged by long and
challenging texts. As a result, they feel frustrated and lose motivation to
read, which affects the development of their comprehension skills and academic
performance. The best solution to this problem is to let teenagers choose their
reading for themselves and encourage them to
read on a regular basis.
In conclusion, I firmly believe that despite some
problems associated with reading, it is obviously very important for teenagers to regularly read different texts .
3. Undoubtedly, reading plays an important role in
everyone’s life. Doing a
project about reading I found some data on
teenagers’ favourite book genres. The statistics are in this chart and I am
going to comment on several key features of the results of the poll. Или In this project I am going to outline
several key features of the results of the poll.
Looking at the
details, the most
popular book genre is adventure with 55,4% reading this type of
literature which means that teenagers are keen on dynamic plots
and unexpected twists. On the contrary, the least popular genre is
romance as a little bit less than a fifth of teenagers read it.
According to the data
in the table, sports
stories appear to be more popular than animal stories, as there
are 49.2% of teenagers reading sports stories, which is around twice as
many as the figure for animal stories. Another important thing to mention is
that detective, spy and war stories are almost as popular as
adventure stories – the difference between them is 0,1%. Both genres are
real page-turners, and this may be the key to such popularity.
One problem that can
be connected with
reading is that nowadays reading is losing its popularity among teenagers, and
this may result in poor imagination and a limited vocabulary range. However,
there is a possible solution to this problem. School teachers should
stimulate teenagers’ interest in various book genres by organizing special
discussion clubs and drama lessons.
Или:
One problem that can be
deduced from the data is that none of the teenagers mentioned classic
literature, and this may result in lack of emotional and cultural experience.
However, there is a possible solution to this problem. Schools should organize
drama clubs in order to draw teenagers’ attention to classic literature and
awaken their interest.
In conclusion, I
believe that reading
is crucial in everyone’s life because it broadens people’s
horizons, expands their vocabulary, improves their memory and develops
imagination.
4. Nowadays almost everyone
has a smartphone. Doing a project about smartphones I have found some
data on how people use their smartphones. The statistics are in this
chart and I am going to comment on several key features of the
results of the poll. Или In this project I am going to outline several key features of the results
of the poll.
As we can see, most people use their smartphones to
send and receive emails and to make phone calls – 79% and 78% respectively.
On the contrary, the least popular purpose for using smartphones is
paying for purchases, which is quite surprising given that more and more people
prefer mobile payment services like Apple Pay to credit cards and cash.
As far as I can see, using smartphones can cause
several problems. The most serious one is that people become too
dependent on their smartphones. I believe that reducing time spent on
the phone is the best solution to this problem. For example, people
should communicate face to face more often instead of sending emails
because it is faster and does not result in losing communication skills.
In conclusion, I think
that smartphones are
an integral part of our life because they provide us with a wide range
of opportunities. Due to smartphones people can find necessary
information quickly and are able to communicate with people wherever
they are and by various means.
5.
Ошибки в стилевом
оформлении (Аспект 6):
Порядок подсчета слов:
Допустимое
отклонение от заданного объёма составляет 10%. Если в ответе на задание
39 менее 90 слов или в ответе на задание 40 менее 180 слов, то ответ на задание
проверке не подлежит и оценивается в 0 баллов. При превышении объёма более чем
на 10%, т.е. если в ответе на задание 39 более 154 слов или в ответе на задание
40 более 275 слов, проверке подлежит только та часть ответа на задание, которая
соответствует требуемому объёму.
Таким образом, при
проверке ответа на задание 39 отсчитывается от начала ответа 140 слов, при
проверке ответа на задание 40 – 250 слов, и оценивается только эта часть
ответа.
При определении
соответствия объёма представленной работы вышеуказанным требованиям считаются
все слова, с первого слова по последнее, включая вспомогательные глаголы,
предлоги, артикли, частицы.
В электронном письме обращение и
подпись также подлежат подсчёту. При этом:
− стяжённые (краткие) формы can’t,
didn’t, isn’t, I’m и т.п. считаются как одно слово;
− числительные, выраженные
цифрами, т.е. 1, 25, 2009, 126 204 и т.п., считаются как одно слово;
− числительные, выраженные
цифрами, вместе с условным обозначением процентов, т.е. 25%, 100% и т.п.,
считаются как одно слово;
− числительные, выраженные
словами, считаются как слова;
− сложные слова, такие как
good-looking, well-bred, English-speaking, twenty-five, считаются как одно
слово;
− сокращения, например USA,
e-mail, TV, CD-rom, считаются как одно слово.
В ЕГЭ по английскому языку появился новый тип задания — письменный ответ на основе диаграммы или таблицы. Полезные советы по подготовке — в нашей новой статье.
В этом учебном году школьникам, сдающим ЕГЭ по английскому, скучать не придётся. Экзамен и так не из простых, вдобавок появилось новое задание, над которым придётся поломать голову. Ученику даются на выбор два варианта: таблица и столбчатая диаграмма. В самом задании даётся схема эссе, которой важно следовать.
Вступление (opening statement)
Задача вступления — дать представление о проблеме в задании, например, как в демоверсии: what people use their smartphones for. Двух-трёх предложений достаточно. Они должны быть сложными и распространёнными.
Нужно:
- упомянуть тему проекта, страну, цель проекта и важность (актуальность) темы.
В отличие от прошлогоднего задания, тему перефразировать необязательно, но если очень хочется, то можно. - упомянуть, что нашёл данные (не сам провёл исследование, а нашёл).
Полезная лексика
- My project is aimed at finding out…
- Nowadays more and more people…
- …plays an important role in our life…
- It is well known that…
- Nowadays it is impossible to imagine… without …
- I have found some data on this issue and organised it in the table/the diagram below.
Выбор фактов (select and report 2–3 facts)
В этом абзаце можно выбрать либо 2 развёрнутых аргумента (факта) либо 3, но кратких. Удобно, например, сгруппировать факты: выделить максимальные, средние и минимальные значения, упомянуть и описать их в общем виде.
Нужно:
- упомянуть, что данные взяты из таблицы или диаграммы;
- обязательно использовать цифры, а не только такие описательные слова, как the majority, a half, a quarter;
- писать числительные цифрами, а не словами.
Полезная лексика
- As we can see from the chart…
- The most popular… the least popular…
- The majority of the respondents…
- The third most popular… is …
- What stands out from the table/graph…
- Another striking feature is…
Сравнение фактов (make 1–2 comparisons where relevant)
Сравнения могут быть любыми, но их нужно связать с темой проекта. В этом абзаце можно подойти к сравнению по-разному. Можно выбрать:
- неожиданное и ожидаемое;
- насколько больше или меньше;
- значительная и незначительная разница.
Полезная лексика
- The table demonstrates a marked difference between…
- We can compare… in terms of the number/percentage of…
- The most striking feature is…
- The most significant difference can be observed between… and…
- It is apparent/notable that …
- By contrast…
- On the other hand…
Проблема (outline a problem that can arise and suggest a way of solving it)
В этой части нужно найти проблему и предложить своё решение. Можно рассказать о проблеме, вытекающей из данных таблицы или диаграммы, а можно поднять другой вопрос в исследуемой сфере. Проблема должна быть связана с общей темой проекта. Важно: проблема и решение не должны быть надуманными или абсурдными — это путь к получению минуса за аспект.
Полезная лексика
- The main problem with… is…
- One of the problems that is/can be caused by… is…
- One problem that can occur in… is…
- One problem that can occur as a result of… is…
- One problem that… (for example, smartphone users) often face/are confronted with is…
- One problem (that is usually/often) associated with… is…
- One problem that is often experienced by (users/readers)…
- The best way to solve this problem is to…
- One of the best ways to tackle this issue is…
Заключение
Выражая своё мнение о проблеме в заключении, важно следовать формулировке в плане ответа.
Нужно:
обязательно упомянуть в заключении «я считаю», «по моему мнению», иначе можно получить минус за аспект.
Фразы в помощь
- I believe that…
- I am convinced that…
- I strongly believe that…
- Personally, I think that…
- In my opinion…
- In my view…
Полезная лексика для обобщения
- To conclude/sum up/summarise.
- Overall…
- In conclusion…
Лексика
ЕГЭ по английскому рассчитан минимум на уровень B2, а эссе относится к заданиям высокой сложности. Именно поэтому от выпускника ожидается, что он должен использовать лексику высокого уровня.
Нужно:
- избегать повторов;
- употреблять синонимы и антонимы — это сделает высказывание разнообразнее;
- проверять сочетаемость (чтобы не получить минусы за лексические ошибки);
- в сложных случаях обращаться к авторитетным и аутентичным источникам, а не к пользовательским ресурсам (блогам и прочим).
Грамматика
Нелюбимая многими грамматика тоже должна быть на высоте. Получить высокий балл помогут:
- разнообразие конструкций: условные предложения, пассивный залог, фразовые глаголы и др.;
- сложные и распространённые предложения (не только простые);
- верный порядок слов.
Связность и логичность
Эссе — жанр, в котором очень важно сделать текст максимально логичным. В этом помогут слова-связки или линкеры.
- Не стоит использовать because, and и but в начале абзаца, а because ещё и в начале предложения. В разговорной речи это допустимо, но не в экзаменационном эссе.
- Не нужно употреблять Firstly без Secondly — «во-вторых» здесь предполагается логически.
Повторить слова-связки поможет тема Linkers на «ЯКласс».
Стиль
В задании 40 предполагается нейтральный стиль. Не стоит использовать:
- риторические вопросы;
- разговорные выражения и сленг;
- сниженную и просторечную лексику;
- краткие формы глаголов.
Задание 40 — сложное и требует особенной внимательности, но нет ничего невозможного при планомерной подготовке! А повторить темы к ЕГЭ поможет раздел «Английский язык» на «ЯКласс».