Защита от темных искусств экзамен

~ экзамен С.О.В. по «Защите от Темных искусств. 1871 год…» ~

м-да уж, Хогвартс — это не самая легкая школа, как все думают. на самом то деле, предметы очень сложно изучаются. вот например: зельеварение. скажите, что можно получить, если смешать корень златоцветника и настойку полыньи? да-да. возможно для кого-то это легко, Но Уж ТоЧнО нЕ ДлЯ мЕнЯ. хмм…не считая конечно Защиту от Темных искусств. вот это — другое дело. давайте вернемся во времена мародеров и вместе с ними пройдем экзамен по С.О.В. спокойно, там не будет таких вопросов, как в магловских школах;) 

итак, ты-Инесса Дэнсон. полукровка, мать-магл, отец-маг. очень сложно было в секрете от мамы учиться разным заклинаниям с папой. папа приносил разные книги и учил заклинаниям.  но ты справилась. тебе пришло письмо, впрочем, ты не удивилась. и 1 сентября в 1971 году ты уже стояла на вокзале Кингс-Кросс. В Хогвартс-экспрессе ты подружилась с Лили и Северусом, хотя он тебя недолюбливал…но ты понимала его, понимала, как ему тяжело… а уже в Хогвартсе, ты попала на гриффиндор, все еще общалась с Лили и подружилась с Мародерами. особенно с Сириусом. вы были очень похожи на друг-друга характером и ты всегда поддерживала его, как и он тебя. вы любили часто сидеть в Астрономической башне и рассказывать друг-другу о себе… Сириус часто говорил о звезде, в честь которого и назвали его. вместе с Мародерами ты стала анимагом, чтобы поддержать Римуса. Ты превратилась в сову. да-да, это странно.

и вот вы уже на 5-ом курсе. вам придется сдавать экзамен по С.О.В. а вот тут то мы и остановимся, чтобы узнать все подробно. приятного прохождения теста:) 

Вопрос 1.

итак. ты уже сдала несколько экзаменов. как тебе казалось, в принципе-нормально. настало время Защиты от Темных искусств. (в тесте будет только письменный экзамен)… ты подошла, взяла свой билет и 1 вопрос: боггарты обитают в…

а) степных просторах

б) лесах

в) водоемах

г) влажных укромных местах

д) темных укромных местах в доме

е) в шкафах

Вопрос 2.

к запрещенным заклинаниям НЕ относится:

а) авада кедавра

б) империо

в) круцио

г) ассио

Вопрос 3.

в качестве восстанавливающего силы средства после встречи с дементором часто используется:

а) мармелад

б) ирис

в) рогатые слизняки

г) хозяйственное мыло

д) шоколад

Вопрос 4.

какое самое уязвимое место водяного черта (гриндилоу)?

а) рога

б) копыта

в) глаза

г) хвост

д) пальцы

е) нежная чувствительная душа

Вопрос 5.

когда опасны оборотни?

а) всегда

б) только при свете дня

в) по ночам

г) за завтраком

д) ночью в полнолуние

е) когда идет дождь

Вопрос 6.

кровь какого волшебного животного приносит проклятие тому, кто его выпьет?

а) оборотня

б) кентавра

в) дракона

г) единорога

д) флоббер-червя

е) пикси

Вопрос 7.

какое из перечисленных волшебных cозданий НЕ относится к изучаемым на Защите от Темных искусств, т.к. не является опасным?

а) красный колпак

б) вампир

в) водяной черт

г) лепрекон

д) боггарт

е) пикси

Вопрос 8.

фините инкататем-прекращает действия любого заклинания, кроме

а) ступефай

б) круцио

в) петрификус тоталус

г) авада кедавра

д) белые тапки

е) заклятье патронуса

ж) империо

Вопрос 9.

заклятие, противоположное левикорпус

а) вингардиум левиоса

б) либеракорпус

в) легилименс

г) лапифорс

д) локомотор

е) люмос

Вопрос 10.

щитовые чары:

а) алохомора

б) протего

в) диффиндо

г) репаро

д) слагулус эрукто

е) петрификус тоталус

Помни:
На экзамене тебе для размышления 2 часа давать не будут.
Если свои ответы ты выкладываешь в комментарях, то здесь же получаешь результаты, но не правильные ответы.
Если свои ответы ты отправляешь мне в почту(ПС), персонально получаешь как результаты, так и правильные оветы. Но придется немного подольше подождать.
Удачи!

1. Боггарты обитают в:
степных просторах
лесах
водоемах
влажных укромных местах
темных укромных местах в доме
в шкафах

2. К запрещенным проклятиям НЕ относится:
империо
ассио
авада кедавра
крусио

3. В качестве восстанавливающего силы средства после встречи с дементором часто используется:
мармелад
ирис «Кис-кис»
рогатые слизняки
хозяйственное мыло
шоколад

4. Каково самое уязвимое место водяного черта (grindylow):
рога
копыта
глаза
хвост
пальцы
нежная чувствительная душа

5. Единственный известный человек, выживший после смертельного проклятия — это:
Северус Снэйп
Корнелиус Фадж
Альбус Дамблдор
Гарри Поттер
Урик Корявый
кто-то другой
никто не выжил

6. Когда опасны оборотни:
всегда
только при свете дня
по ночам
за завтраком
ночью в полнолуние
когда идет дождь

7. Кровь какого волшебного животного приносит проклятие тому, кто ее выпьет:
оборотня
кентавра
дракона
единорога
флоббер-червя
пикси

8. Какое из перечисленных волшебных cозданий НЕ относится к изучаемым на Защите от Темных Искусств, так как не является опасным:
красный колпак
вампир
водяной черт
лепрекон
боггарт
пикси

9. Любимым цветом профессора Локонса является:
розовый
бирюзовый
голубой
сиреневый
золотой
все вышеперечисленные

10. Единственный способ, которым можно спастись от летаплаща, это:
«ступефай»
парализующее заклятье
задерживающее заклятье
«авада кедавра»
белые тапки
заклятье патронуса
от него нет спасенья

11. Люди, на которых напал демон погребин, обычно:
умирают от горя
радуются и веселятся
начинают танцевать и не могут остановиться
кончают жизнь самоубийством
напиваются
осознают бесполезность всего сущего

Defence Against the Dark Arts (abbreviated as DADA) was a subject taught at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry and Ilvermorny School of Witchcraft and Wizardry.^[16] In this class, students studied and learnt how to defend themselves against all aspects of the Dark Arts, including dark creatures,^[24][27][28] curses, hexes and jinxes (dark charms),^[25] and duelling.^[23]

The class was a core subject at Hogwarts.^[29] The position of Defence Against the Dark Arts professor at the school was once rumoured to be jinxed, as no teacher could hold the post for more than a year without suffering an unpleasant fate. Tom Riddle jinxed the position because Albus Dumbledore did not give him the job when he applied for it.^[4] The fact that no teacher has lasted longer than a year meant that the subject had numerous Professors over the years.^[23]

Ilvermorny began teaching the subject in the 17th century.^[16] Harry Potter would occasionally deliver Defence Against the Dark Arts lectures at Hogwarts in his adulthood.^[30]

Class information

Defence Against the Dark Arts was a required subject from first year to fifth year.^[29][21] The curriculum of the class varied greatly depending on what the professor at the time deemed appropriate. Due to the jinx on the teaching post that was present before Lord Voldemort died, many teachers had been appointed to this post.^[4]

Tom Riddle twice applied for the Defence Against the Dark Arts position, the first time shortly after graduation from Hogwarts when he was turned down by Headmaster Armando Dippet, who claimed he was too young but invited him to re-apply a few years later.^[4]

Many years later, after becoming steeped in the Dark Arts and starting to use the title «Lord Voldemort», he visited the school and applied again, this time to Dumbledore. He was refused again. According to Albus Dumbledore, after the second refusal, no Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher held the post for more than one school year. Dumbledore believed that this was due to Voldemort placing a jinx on the position, a belief that was popularly spread throughout the school.^[4]

The lessons generally had a practical approach, with the cases of competent teachers believing that when it came to the Dark Arts a practical approach was the best way,^[24][25][23] with theoretical assignments given as homework.^[31] Inadequate teachers, such as Quirinus Quirrell and Dolores Umbridge, who were focused on theories alone, hampered the learning of defences as they would not be providing students any practical experiences.^[21][32]

In the fifth year, Ordinary Wizarding Level examinations were taken; as such, students spent their time learning new topics and possibly revisiting the past four years of lessons (depending on the teacher). As part of their Defence Against the Dark Arts O.W.L., students had to sit a written exam one of the questions asks to describe the five signs of a werewolf^[33] and after students must complete a practical exam of; counter-jinxes, defensive spells, the Boggart-Banishing Spell, and the Patronus Charm (for bonus points).^[34]

To advance to the N.E.W.T. class, a student had to first achieve a high O.W.L. score of either «Outstanding» or «Exceeds Expectations»; most teachers set the bar at «Exceeds Expectations».^[35]

Also, due to the course being directly related to the Dark Arts itself, Dark wizards who wished to teach would typically apply for this course, notably being Tom Riddle,^[4] Patricia Rakepick,^[36] Quirinus Quirrell,^[37] Bartemius Crouch Junior,^[10] Dolores Umbridge,^[38] Severus Snape^[12] and Amycus Carrow.^[39]

Vincent Crabbe and Gregory Goyle were two known students who failed their O.W.L.s in Defence Against the Dark Arts, for which the following year’s respective teacher, Snape, gave them both detentions.^[40]

The Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher was also responsible for dealing with any Dark Arts related activities that threaten the school and its residents, as Harry and Ron expected Lockhart to enter the Chamber of Secrets and protested against his excuse of leaving under an unavoidable urgent call in 1993,^[41] while Snape was assigned to staunch the deadly curse that afflicted Katie Bell in 1996.^[42]

Location and time

Classrooms

Defence Against the Dark Arts classes took place on the first-floor, Class 104 in the North Tower and Classroom 3C on the third-floor. In Classroom 3C, an iron chandelier hung from the ceiling, as well as a dragon’s skeleton.^[17] On one end of the classroom stood a projector that was activated by magic. Several desks and tables could be found in the classroom as well as some sets of large windows.^[20]

Lesson times

Year	Day	Period
First	Monday	second
Second	fourth
Thursday	first
Wednesday	fourth
Third	Monday	fifth
Thursday	fourth
Friday	third
Fourth	Thursday	fourth/fifth
Fifth	Monday	fifth/sixth
Friday	sixth
Sixth	Monday	morning
Seventh	unknown	unknown

Curriculum

Due to the constant changing of teachers until the jinx created by Voldemort was broken, the curriculum of Defence Against the Dark Arts varied from year to year.^[23][4] Each teacher had their own priorities and way of teaching, and their own respective efficiency proportional to his or her beliefs and methods,^[23] such as Quirinus Quirrell and Dolores Umbridge believing that theories were enough (which were, in fact, more hindering),^[32] while the more effective Remus Lupin,^[24] Bartemius Crouch Junior^[25] (then disguised as Alastor Moody with Polyjuice Potion)^[10] and Severus Snape^[23] had a more balanced belief in theory and practical defence.

Sixth-years were supposed to be given demonstrations on what illegal curses looked like; it was only in the 1994–1995 school year that this was changed to the fourth year.^[25]

Earlier teachers from the 1985–1986 school year for example, were considered highly incompetent and ineffective by most students, and as such, very rarely showed up to teach.^{[43][44][45][46]}

During the 1988–1989 school year, the renowned Curse-Breaker Patricia Rakepick was appointed as the Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher for that academic year.^[5] She proved herself to be a highly effective teacher of both defensive and offensive magic, having taught her students a wide variety of fascinating and useful topics during her lessons, to compensate her students for having learnt almost nothing in previous years. She even gave her select students private lessons in the subject, teaching them how to duel, in preparation for locating the Cursed Vaults throughout the Castle.^{[5][47][48][49][50][51]
[52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59]}

During the 1989–1990 school year, Bill Weasley was given permission by Albus Dumbledore to teach extra-curricular evening classes in this subject to students after graduating the school, due to the ineffectiveness of the teaching that year.^[60] He continued teaching these lessons in the 1990–1991 school year as well.^[61] Olivia Green, a former Ravenclaw student, was later appointed as the DADA professor during that school year.^[6] She had Jacob’s sibling investigate the existence of the rumoured jinx on the teacher’s post during the school year.^[62] She also had them help her research Nogtails for a planned lesson.^[63]

In the 1991–1992 school year, Quirinus Quirrell taught mainly theoretical knowledge,^[64] which, four years later, the Ministry deemed he was the only teacher before Dolores Umbridge to be of acceptable standards. However, the Ministry at the time was corrupt and paranoid, thus their evaluation of Quirrell’s effectiveness was inaccurate.^[32] In fact, while he was a studious intellectual, his practical aspect was severely hampered by his timid and stuttering nature, leading him unable to teach properly, which caused many students consider his classes to be a joke, and failed to take him seriously.^[29][64]

In the 1992–1993 school year, Gilderoy Lockhart, fraudulent and incompetent, taught nothing to the classes of his respective tenure, aside from nonsensical and unrelated materials, considering that he was hired solely by Albus Dumbledore for the purpose of ousting him as a fraud to the world.^[65] His lectures were simply storytelling and theatrical re-enactments from his books, since his first practical lesson ended in a disaster that he failed to contain (involving live «freshly caught» Cornish Pixies),^[26] and his idea of homework was for the class to compose a poem of one of his alleged achievements with the offer of a signed copy of his autobiography to the best composer.^[66]

Lockhart simply using the course to promote his uninformative publications, Ron Weasley claimed that the only thing he learned from it was «not to set pixies loose«, and expressed his desire to drop out of the course mainly of Lockhart’s incompetence.^[67] In late 1992, Lockhart also established a very shortly lived and unsuccessful Duelling Club with the help of Severus Snape, in an attempt to teach students how to defend themselves; the club only had one meeting which resulted in complete chaos.^[68]

In the 1993–1994 school year, Professor Lupin was among the most effective teachers to have taught, as many students under his tutelage agreed upon. He taught practical aspects during the lectures, even bringing in several dark creatures in captivity as visual aids, and assigned theoretical aspects for homework. He was also charismatic, earning the respect of his students, and therefore, making them want to learn from him.^[24][27][28] Lupin also gave his favourite student Harry Potter additional lessons in how to perform the Patronus Charm, so he could learn to combat Dementors.^[69] Hermione Granger claimed he was the only teacher among their five (at the time) who knew what he was doing.

In the 1994–1995 school year, Bartemius Crouch Junior, then disguised as Alastor Moody using Polyjuice Potion,^[10] believed firmly in a practical approach. As such, he taught the fourth-year class on the Unforgivable Curses that were normally reserved for the sixth year, believing they need to see it sooner.^[25] He even performed the Imperius Curse on all the students as a means to teach them how to resist it.^[70] Although the students found him to be one of the most effective instructors (despite his true identity later being revealed to be a criminal), the Ministry found the lessons to be very controversial, and expressed their strong disapproval.^[21]

During the 1995–1996 school year, the Minister for Magic, Cornelius Fudge, had deluded himself with the bizarre conspiracy theory that Headmaster Albus Dumbledore was using the students to create a private army of young witches and wizards to overthrow the Ministry.^[71] As such, he implanted Dolores Umbridge to become the teacher of the Defence Against the Dark Arts classes, which he believed to be the main source of training (e.g. defensive spells) for Dumbledore’s would-be soldiers.^[21]

Umbridge supplied a syllabus based entirely on the theory of conflict rather facing them, all of which was simply reading out of the textbook, believing that this would be sufficient in passing the examinations. Furthermore, she herself did not teach the students, as she had them read the textbooks quietly in class and refused to answer their questions any more than to silence them.^[21][32] This misguided belief deprived the students on any useful lessons as even the theories are inaccurate, thus leading to the formation on Dumbledore’s Army, which taught more practical defence that students from all grades found more useful.^[72] Umbridge would later claim that the spells Harry taught were deemed by the Ministry inappropriate for students at their ages.^[73]

In the 1996–1997 school year, Professor Snape taught his classes to respect the Dark Arts as a dangerous and ever-evolving opponent, and that their defences must be as versatile as the foul arts they seek to undo. He imposed a darker atmosphere in the classroom by dimmer lighting and macabre portraits in order to allow the students to have a firmer understanding of the sufferings the Dark Arts can bring. Hermione concluded that Snape’s ideals were very much the same as what Harry Potter expressed during the Dumbledore’s Army recruitment meeting: not simply memorising a bunch of spells, but to understand and react appropriately to the situation at hand.^[23] As with Lupin and Crouch, Snape taught practically during the lectures, and assigned theories for homework. Contrarily to his previous position as Potions Master, Snape taught Defence fairer, with a sense of passion he did not show in Potions.

As with every other course that required practical spells, sixth-years were taught nonverbal spell usage,^[23] and were expected to use them in class from then on.^[74]

In the 1997–1998 school year, the class was changed to Dark Arts during Voldemort’s takeover of the school. It was taught by the Death Eater Amycus Carrow, who taught students how to perform the Unforgivable Curses, with a particular emphasis with ordering students to practise the Cruciatus Curse on disobedient students,^[39] along with the summoning of Fiendfyre.^[75]

First year

Dark creatures Curing werewolf bites[76] (such as with Mixture of powdered silver and dittany)[77] Imps[18] Ghosts[18] Hags[78] Gytrashes[18] Vampires[29][78] Zombies[29][78] Gnomes[79]

Spells Curse of the Bogies (Mentioned)[80] Knockback Jinx[18][78] Red Sparks[18][78] Verdimillious Charm[18] Verdimillious Duo Spell[18] Verdimillious Tria[18] Wand-Lighting Charm[18][78] Smokescreen Spell[78] Green Sparks[78]

Second year

Dark creatures Cornish Pixies (Experienced first-hand)[26] Banshees[81] Ghouls[81] Hags[81] Trolls[81] Vampires[66] Werewolves[66] Yetis[66] Imps (Revision)[79] Gnomes[3]

Spells Disarming Charm[79] Homorphus Charm[66] Verdimillious Duo Spell[79] Vermillious Duo[79] Vermillious Tria[79] Tickling Charm[79] Full Body-Bind Curse[79] Fumos Duo[79] Softening Charm[79]

Third year

Students during the 1993–1994 school year, under the significantly high quality of teaching under Remus Lupin, learnt about numerous dark creatures and how to handle them appropriately.^{[24][27][28][82][83]}

Dark creatures Boggarts[24] Grindylows[27] Werewolves[84] Hinkypunks[84][28] Kappas[27] Red Caps[27] Vampires[82] Nocturnal beasts[20] Imps (Revision)[85] Pixies (Revision)[85] Charmed skeletons[85]

Spells Boggart-Banishing Spell[24] Seize and pull charm[85] Freezing Spell[85]

Fourth year

Students witnessed the three Unforgivable Curses used on spiders.^[25] They were also given lessons on resisting the Imperius Curse, in which Harry Potter was the only one successful in his class.^[70] These demonstrations were during the 1994-1995 school year only and the Unforgivable Curses are usually covered in the sixth year N.E.W.T. class.^[25]

Fifth year

1988–1989 school year

Patricia Rakepick was the Professor in this subject for the 1988–1989 school year, in which she taught her fifth year students a wide multitude of highly interesting and useful topics, carefully balancing both theoretical and practical knowledge and skills.

Dark creatures Ghouls[5] Pixies[49] Boggarts (Revision)[50] Snakes[55]

Spells Hex-deflection (Salvio hexia)[47] Impediment Jinx[48] Tongue-Tying Curse[89] Trip Jinx[51] Deprimo[52] Smokescreen Spell[53] Lacarnum Inflamari[54] Reductor Curse[56] Snake-Vanishing Spell[55] Everte Statum[57] Densaugeo[58] Human-presence-revealing Spell[59] Protective enchantments[54]

1995–1996 school year

Dark creatures Iguanas[19] Vampire bats[19] Boggarts (Revision)[34]

Spells Counter-jinxes (Discouraged)[32] Counter-curses (Discouraged)[21] Boggart-Banishing Spell (Revision)[34] Hex-Breaker[22] Hex Zapper[22] Limbo Mist anticharm[22] Conflict avoidance[22] Theory[22] Fleeing[22]

Sixth year

Official curriculum

During the 1989–1990 school year, Bill Weasley was given permission by Albus Dumbledore to give evening classes in this subject after graduating Hogwarts, due to the ineffectiveness of the teaching that school year.^[60]

Seventh year

Official curriculum

Known professors

Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry

• Galatea Merrythought (?–1945)^[4]
• Unidentified professor (1984–1985)^[43]
• Unidentified professor (1985–1986)^[44]
• Unidentified professor (1986–1987)^[45]
• Unidentified professor (1987–1988)^[46]
• Unidentified professor (1989–1990)^[60]
• Unidentified professor (1990–1991, later replaced by Olivia Green)^[6]
• Unidentified professor (1998–?)^[107]

During the time between the beginning of Voldemort’s jinx and when it was eventually broken, there was at least one professor per year. Therefore, between c. 1965 and 1990 (the year before Harry began studying at Hogwarts) there could be around twenty-five different professors in the position.^[108]

Severus Snape served as a substitute teacher during the 1993–1994 school year, when Remus Lupin was feeling ill.^[84]

Harry Potter occasionally gave lectures on the subject.^[30]

Ilvermorny School of Witchcraft and Wizardry

Required textbooks

• Confronting the Faceless (N.E.W.T.-level)^[23]

Grades

Known O.W.L.s

• All Aurors since it is a compulsory N.E.W.T.-level qualification; therefore O.W.L. must have been achieved before that.^[35]

Behind the scenes

• When J. K. Rowling was asked why Dumbledore would not give Severus Snape the Defence Against the Dark Arts job, Rowling responded that Dumbledore believed that teaching Defence Against the Dark Arts would bring out Snape’s worst side,^[115] though Dumbledore finally relented in Harry’s sixth year.^[116] Snape admitted to Bellatrix Lestrange that reason during their conversation in Spinner’s End.^[117]
• Rowling has also revealed that after Amycus Carrow was the Dark Arts teacher, a permanent teacher took the post because Voldemort’s jinx over the job was lifted.
• Whilst it is known that Dumbledore did not wish Professor Snape to teach DADA for fear of relapsing into his Death Eater ways, it is also possible that (since the subject had been jinxed) he was also thinking of Snape’s physical well-being (not least of all because of how much of importance he could have been, and was, in the long run). Despite Dumbledore’s fear, however, Snape did not truly return to his old ways when granted the position he sought for, though he did teach the lessons with a sense of passion for the Dark Arts.
• Each Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher attacked (or attempted to attack) Harry.
  • Quirrell tried to strangle Harry and jinxed his broom during a Quidditch game.
  • Lockhart attempted to erase his memories
  • Lupin went after him as a werewolf (although he alone out of all the others would never have attacked Harry if he had been in his human form)
  • Barty Crouch Jnr (disguised as Moody) tried to kill him.
  • Umbridge physically assaulted him and threatened him with the Cruciatus Curse (and had previously sent Dementors to attack him, though this was before she taught the subject).
  • Snape attacked Harry in retaliation for Harry trying to curse him during the Battle of the Astronomy Tower.
  • Ironically, Amycus Carrow, who taught Dark Arts instead of Defence Against the Dark Arts, was attacked by Harry Potter after Amycus had insulted Minerva McGonagall.
• Dolores Umbridge was the only female Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher in the series besides Galatea Merrythought; Galatea was not seen throughout the series, only mentioned.
• The six professors of this subject who taught Harry each had a dark secret that he did not learn until near the end of their respective school years:
  • Quirrell was serving Voldemort and was possessed by him.
  • Lockhart was a cowardly fraud who covertly stole the achievements of others.
  • Lupin was a werewolf.
  • Moody was actually Barty Crouch Jnr, an escaped Death Eater.
  • Umbridge was the one who sent the Dementors that attacked Harry and Dudley.
  • Snape was the one who had reported the prophecy to Voldemort and was the Half-Blood Prince.
• During his tenure as Potions Master, Severus Snape only accepted students who achieved an ‘Outstanding’ on their OWLs into his NEWT-level Potions classes. However, when Snape became the Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher in the 1996–1997 school year, students who achieved ‘Exceeds Expectations’ were still allowed to take the NEWT-level DADA classes.
• The only book to have twice been assigned for this subject is The Dark Forces: A Guide to Self-Protection.
• Most of the Defence Against the Dark Arts teachers in Harry’s six years at Hogwarts followed a similar pattern: each (with the exception of Quirrell and Snape).
  • They were an entirely new teacher; each was chosen out of necessity, due to the loss of the previous instructor and the absence of other applicants
  • each meets Harry before he arrives at Hogwarts in the respective year (with the exception of Mad-Eye Moody, who was only mentioned in passing, although Harry had unknowingly encountered Barty Crouch Jnr at the Quidditch World Cup)
  • and each physically (or magically) attacks Harry during school term, either intentionally or accidentally, as in the case of Remus Lupin.
• In Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, when discussing who their new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher would be, Harry said that the teachers didn’t have much luck: «One sacked, one dead, one lost his memory, and one was locked in a trunk for nine months,» referring to Lupin, Quirrell, Lockhart, and Moody, respectively; this isn’t true, however, because Lupin resigned rather than was fired. Also, Crouch Jnr, the de facto teacher for Harry’s fourth year, suffered the Dementor’s Kiss.
• Quirinus Quirrell is the only Defence Against The Dark Arts teacher known to have died during the year he gave the subject.
• According to Pottermore, from the best to worst Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher during the seven years of Harry’s education:
  1. Remus Lupin, for his fair, popular and effective teaching methods.
  2. Severus Snape, for his effective, qualified yet strict methods.
  3. Gilderoy Lockhart, for his fraudulence, teaching about himself more than about defence.
  4. Barty Crouch, for his allegiance with Voldemort, despite his actual teaching effectiveness.
  5. Amycus Carrow, for turning the class into just Dark Arts and his brutal discipline methods.
  6. Dolores Umbridge, for depriving the class of any practicality and her scarring disciplinary methods.
  7. Quirinus Quirrell, for having Voldemort at the back of his head.
• In Harry Potter: Hogwarts Mystery, if players take Jacob’s sibling to the O.W.L. through an optional side quest, they will definitely gain at least an A, even if they fail to answer every question and perform any defensive spells.
• In the early video games, creatures such as Fire Crabs, Fire Dwelling Salamanders (which are canonically small, non-aggressive lizards) and Streelers are covered in Defence Against the Dark Arts classes. However, Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them confirms that these creatures are not dark creatures, nor very dangerous, and Fire Crabs (a highly protected species) and Streelers (domesticated as pets) are in fact taught and handled in Care of Magical Creatures instead, meaning their inclusion on the Defence Against the Dark Arts curriculum is not canon. Several games also depict gnomes as being covered in the class, which seems rather odd considering they are simply harmless (albeit annoying) garden pests, and are not considered dark or dangerous.
• Also in the early video games, spells such as the Softening Charm or Seize and pull charm are taught in this class, despite these spells seemingly not having any defensive or offensive qualities. It is likely these spells were taught in this class purely for game-play reasons.
• In LEGO Harry Potter: Years 1-4, in Gilderoy Lockhart’s first Defence Against the Dark Arts lesson, Lockhart teaches his students the Freezing Charm for combating Pixies.^[88] However, this lesson cannot be considered canon, since it fundamentally contrasts this lesson’s depiction in the second book.

Appearances

• Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (First appearance)
• Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (film)
• Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (video game)
• Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
• Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (film)
• Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (video game)
• Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
• Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (film)
• Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (video game)
• Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
• Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film)
• Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (video game)
• Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
• Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film)
• Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (video game)
• Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
• Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film) (Mentioned only)
• Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (video game) (Mentioned only)
• Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (Mentioned only)
• Harry Potter and the Cursed Child (Appears in an alternate reality)
• Harry Potter and the Cursed Child (play) (Appears in an alternate reality)
• Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald — The Original Screenplay
• Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald
• The Archive of Magic: The Film Wizardry of Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald
• J. K. Rowling’s official site (Mentioned only)
• Pottermore
• Wizarding World
• LEGO Harry Potter: Years 1-4
• LEGO Harry Potter: Years 5-7
• LEGO Harry Potter
• Harry Potter Trading Card Game
• Harry Potter for Kinect
• Harry Potter: The Character Vault (Mentioned only)
• Harry Potter: The Creature Vault
• Harry Potter: The Wand Collection (Mentioned only)
• Harry Potter: Hogwarts Mystery
• Harry Potter: Wizards Unite (Mentioned only)
• Harry Potter: Puzzles & Spells (Mentioned only)
• Harry Potter: Magic Awakened
• Hogwarts Legacy
• The Art and Making of Hogwarts Legacy (Mentioned only)

Notes and references

Defence Against the Dark Arts (D.A.D.A.)
D.A.D.A. at Hogwarts
Classroom 3C · Classroom 3C backrooms · Temporary Classroom · Hogwarts Turris Magnus · Teacher’s Office · Storeroom · Staircase · Storage room · Lesson Cup · Race Cup · Duelling Club · Dumbledore’s Army
Professors
Isidora Morganach · Dinah Hecat · Arsenius Jigger · Albus Dumbledore · Galatea Merrythought · 1984–1985 professor · 1985–1986 professor · 1986–1987 professor · 1987–1988 professor · Patricia Rakepick · 1989–1990 professor · First 1990–1991 professor · Olivia Green · Quirinus Quirrell · Gilderoy Lockhart · Remus Lupin · Bartemius Crouch Junior (as Alastor Moody) · Dolores Umbridge · Severus Snape · Amycus Carrow (as Dark Arts teacher) · Unidentified professor · Brindlemore
Textbooks
The Dark Forces: A Guide to Self-Protection · Advanced Defence Against the Dark Arts · Break with a Banshee · Gadding with Ghouls · Holidays with Hags · Travels with Trolls · Voyages with Vampires · Wanderings with Werewolves · Year with the Yeti · The Essential Defence Against the Dark Arts · Defensive Magical Theory · Dark Arts Defence – Basics for Beginners · Confronting the Faceless · Defence Against the Dark Arts
Spells studied at Hogwarts under D.A.D.A.
Aqua Eructo · Boggart-Banishing Spell (Riddikulus) · Bombarda Maxima · Cave inimicum · Concealment Charms · Counter-curses · Counter-jinxes · Cruciatus Curse (Crucio) · Curse of the Bogies (Mucus ad Nauseam) · Cursed barrier spell · Densaugeo · Deprimo Spell (Deprimo) · Disarming Charm (Expelliarmus) · Ear-Shrivelling Curse · Everte Statum · Freezing Spell (Glacius) · Full Body-Bind Curse (Petrificus Totalus) · Fumos Duo · Green Sparks · Hex-Breaker· Hex-deflection · Hex Zapper · Homorphus Charm · Human-presence-revealing Spell (Homenum Revelio) · Impediment Jinx (Impedimenta) · Imperius Curse (Imperio) · Imperturbable Charm · Killing Curse (Avada Kedavra) · Knockback Jinx (Flipendo) · Lacarnum Inflamari · Langlock · Levitation Spell (Levioso) · Limbo Mist anticharm · Nonverbal spells · Patronus Charm (Expecto Patronum) · Pimple Jinx (Furnunculus) · Protective enchantments · Red Sparks (Vermillious) · Reductor Curse (Reducto) · Salvio hexia · Sea Urchin Jinx · Seize and pull charm (Carpe Retractum) · Shield Charm (Protego) · Smokescreen Spell (Fumos) · Snake-Vanishing Spell (Vipera Evanesca) · Softening Charm (Spongify) · Stretching Jinx · Tickling Charm (Rictusempra) · Tongue-Tying Curse (Mimblewimble) · Trip Jinx · Twitchy-Ears Hex · Verdimillious Charm (Verdimillious) · Verdimillious Duo Spell (Verdimillious) · Verdimillious Tria · Vermillious Duo · Vermillious Tria · Wand-Lighting Charm (Lumos)
Creatures studied at Hogwarts under D.A.D.A.
Banshee · Boggart · Chameleon Ghoul · Charmed skeleton · Cornish Pixie · Dementor · Dugbog · Erkling · Flesh-Eating Slug · Ghost · Ghoul · Gnome · Grindylow · Gytrash · Hag · Hinkypunk · Iguana · Imp · Inferius · Kappa · Manticore · Nocturnal beasts · Nogtail · Poltergeist · Red Cap · Snake · Troll · Vampire · Vampire bat · Werewolf · Yeti · Zombie

Hogwarts subjects
Core classes	Astronomy · Charms · Defence Against the Dark Arts · Herbology · History of Magic · Potions · Transfiguration
Elective classes	Alchemy · Arithmancy · Care of Magical Creatures · Divination · Muggle Studies · Study of Ancient Runes
Extracurricular classes	Apparition · Advanced Arithmancy Studies · Ancient Studies · Art · Flying · Ghoul Studies · Magical Theory · Muggle Art · Muggle Music · Music · Xylomancy
Examinations
First year exams · Second year exams · Third year exams · Fourth year exams · Ordinary Wizarding Level · Nastily Exhausting Wizarding Test

Ilvermorny School of Witchcraft and Wizardry
Ilvermorny Houses
Namesake Founders
Isolt Sayre · Chadwick Boot · Webster Boot · James Steward
Subjects offered
Arithmancy · Charms · Creature Care · Defence Against the Dark Arts · Potions · Study of Ancient Runes · Transfiguration · Xylomancy
Ilvermorny staff
William · Rionach Steward · Eulalie Hicks · Agilbert Fontaine

Defence Against the Dark Arts (abbreviated as DADA) was a subject taught at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry and Ilvermorny School of Witchcraft and Wizardry.^[16] In this class, students studied and learnt how to defend themselves against all aspects of the Dark Arts, including dark creatures,^[24][27][28] curses, hexes and jinxes (dark charms),^[25] and duelling.^[23]

The class was a core subject at Hogwarts.^[29] The position of Defence Against the Dark Arts professor at the school was once rumoured to be jinxed, as no teacher could hold the post for more than a year without suffering an unpleasant fate. Tom Riddle jinxed the position because Albus Dumbledore did not give him the job when he applied for it.^[4] The fact that no teacher has lasted longer than a year meant that the subject had numerous Professors over the years.^[23]

Ilvermorny began teaching the subject in the 17th century.^[16] Harry Potter would occasionally deliver Defence Against the Dark Arts lectures at Hogwarts in his adulthood.^[30]

Class information

Defence Against the Dark Arts was a required subject from first year to fifth year.^[29][21] The curriculum of the class varied greatly depending on what the professor at the time deemed appropriate. Due to the jinx on the teaching post that was present before Lord Voldemort died, many teachers had been appointed to this post.^[4]

Tom Riddle twice applied for the Defence Against the Dark Arts position, the first time shortly after graduation from Hogwarts when he was turned down by Headmaster Armando Dippet, who claimed he was too young but invited him to re-apply a few years later.^[4]

Many years later, after becoming steeped in the Dark Arts and starting to use the title «Lord Voldemort», he visited the school and applied again, this time to Dumbledore. He was refused again. According to Albus Dumbledore, after the second refusal, no Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher held the post for more than one school year. Dumbledore believed that this was due to Voldemort placing a jinx on the position, a belief that was popularly spread throughout the school.^[4]

The lessons generally had a practical approach, with the cases of competent teachers believing that when it came to the Dark Arts a practical approach was the best way,^[24][25][23] with theoretical assignments given as homework.^[31] Inadequate teachers, such as Quirinus Quirrell and Dolores Umbridge, who were focused on theories alone, hampered the learning of defences as they would not be providing students any practical experiences.^[21][32]

In the fifth year, Ordinary Wizarding Level examinations were taken; as such, students spent their time learning new topics and possibly revisiting the past four years of lessons (depending on the teacher). As part of their Defence Against the Dark Arts O.W.L., students had to sit a written exam one of the questions asks to describe the five signs of a werewolf^[33] and after students must complete a practical exam of; counter-jinxes, defensive spells, the Boggart-Banishing Spell, and the Patronus Charm (for bonus points).^[34]

To advance to the N.E.W.T. class, a student had to first achieve a high O.W.L. score of either «Outstanding» or «Exceeds Expectations»; most teachers set the bar at «Exceeds Expectations».^[35]

Also, due to the course being directly related to the Dark Arts itself, Dark wizards who wished to teach would typically apply for this course, notably being Tom Riddle,^[4] Patricia Rakepick,^[36] Quirinus Quirrell,^[37] Bartemius Crouch Junior,^[10] Dolores Umbridge,^[38] Severus Snape^[12] and Amycus Carrow.^[39]

Vincent Crabbe and Gregory Goyle were two known students who failed their O.W.L.s in Defence Against the Dark Arts, for which the following year’s respective teacher, Snape, gave them both detentions.^[40]

The Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher was also responsible for dealing with any Dark Arts related activities that threaten the school and its residents, as Harry and Ron expected Lockhart to enter the Chamber of Secrets and protested against his excuse of leaving under an unavoidable urgent call in 1993,^[41] while Snape was assigned to staunch the deadly curse that afflicted Katie Bell in 1996.^[42]

Location and time

Classrooms

Defence Against the Dark Arts classes took place on the first-floor, Class 104 in the North Tower and Classroom 3C on the third-floor. In Classroom 3C, an iron chandelier hung from the ceiling, as well as a dragon’s skeleton.^[17] On one end of the classroom stood a projector that was activated by magic. Several desks and tables could be found in the classroom as well as some sets of large windows.^[20]

Lesson times

Year	Day	Period
First	Monday	second
Second	fourth
Thursday	first
Wednesday	fourth
Third	Monday	fifth
Thursday	fourth
Friday	third
Fourth	Thursday	fourth/fifth
Fifth	Monday	fifth/sixth
Friday	sixth
Sixth	Monday	morning
Seventh	unknown	unknown

Curriculum

Due to the constant changing of teachers until the jinx created by Voldemort was broken, the curriculum of Defence Against the Dark Arts varied from year to year.^[23][4] Each teacher had their own priorities and way of teaching, and their own respective efficiency proportional to his or her beliefs and methods,^[23] such as Quirinus Quirrell and Dolores Umbridge believing that theories were enough (which were, in fact, more hindering),^[32] while the more effective Remus Lupin,^[24] Bartemius Crouch Junior^[25] (then disguised as Alastor Moody with Polyjuice Potion)^[10] and Severus Snape^[23] had a more balanced belief in theory and practical defence.

Sixth-years were supposed to be given demonstrations on what illegal curses looked like; it was only in the 1994–1995 school year that this was changed to the fourth year.^[25]

Earlier teachers from the 1985–1986 school year for example, were considered highly incompetent and ineffective by most students, and as such, very rarely showed up to teach.^{[43][44][45][46]}

During the 1988–1989 school year, the renowned Curse-Breaker Patricia Rakepick was appointed as the Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher for that academic year.^[5] She proved herself to be a highly effective teacher of both defensive and offensive magic, having taught her students a wide variety of fascinating and useful topics during her lessons, to compensate her students for having learnt almost nothing in previous years. She even gave her select students private lessons in the subject, teaching them how to duel, in preparation for locating the Cursed Vaults throughout the Castle.^{[5][47][48][49][50][51]
[52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59]}

During the 1989–1990 school year, Bill Weasley was given permission by Albus Dumbledore to teach extra-curricular evening classes in this subject to students after graduating the school, due to the ineffectiveness of the teaching that year.^[60] He continued teaching these lessons in the 1990–1991 school year as well.^[61] Olivia Green, a former Ravenclaw student, was later appointed as the DADA professor during that school year.^[6] She had Jacob’s sibling investigate the existence of the rumoured jinx on the teacher’s post during the school year.^[62] She also had them help her research Nogtails for a planned lesson.^[63]

In the 1991–1992 school year, Quirinus Quirrell taught mainly theoretical knowledge,^[64] which, four years later, the Ministry deemed he was the only teacher before Dolores Umbridge to be of acceptable standards. However, the Ministry at the time was corrupt and paranoid, thus their evaluation of Quirrell’s effectiveness was inaccurate.^[32] In fact, while he was a studious intellectual, his practical aspect was severely hampered by his timid and stuttering nature, leading him unable to teach properly, which caused many students consider his classes to be a joke, and failed to take him seriously.^[29][64]

In the 1992–1993 school year, Gilderoy Lockhart, fraudulent and incompetent, taught nothing to the classes of his respective tenure, aside from nonsensical and unrelated materials, considering that he was hired solely by Albus Dumbledore for the purpose of ousting him as a fraud to the world.^[65] His lectures were simply storytelling and theatrical re-enactments from his books, since his first practical lesson ended in a disaster that he failed to contain (involving live «freshly caught» Cornish Pixies),^[26] and his idea of homework was for the class to compose a poem of one of his alleged achievements with the offer of a signed copy of his autobiography to the best composer.^[66]

Lockhart simply using the course to promote his uninformative publications, Ron Weasley claimed that the only thing he learned from it was «not to set pixies loose«, and expressed his desire to drop out of the course mainly of Lockhart’s incompetence.^[67] In late 1992, Lockhart also established a very shortly lived and unsuccessful Duelling Club with the help of Severus Snape, in an attempt to teach students how to defend themselves; the club only had one meeting which resulted in complete chaos.^[68]

In the 1993–1994 school year, Professor Lupin was among the most effective teachers to have taught, as many students under his tutelage agreed upon. He taught practical aspects during the lectures, even bringing in several dark creatures in captivity as visual aids, and assigned theoretical aspects for homework. He was also charismatic, earning the respect of his students, and therefore, making them want to learn from him.^[24][27][28] Lupin also gave his favourite student Harry Potter additional lessons in how to perform the Patronus Charm, so he could learn to combat Dementors.^[69] Hermione Granger claimed he was the only teacher among their five (at the time) who knew what he was doing.

In the 1994–1995 school year, Bartemius Crouch Junior, then disguised as Alastor Moody using Polyjuice Potion,^[10] believed firmly in a practical approach. As such, he taught the fourth-year class on the Unforgivable Curses that were normally reserved for the sixth year, believing they need to see it sooner.^[25] He even performed the Imperius Curse on all the students as a means to teach them how to resist it.^[70] Although the students found him to be one of the most effective instructors (despite his true identity later being revealed to be a criminal), the Ministry found the lessons to be very controversial, and expressed their strong disapproval.^[21]

During the 1995–1996 school year, the Minister for Magic, Cornelius Fudge, had deluded himself with the bizarre conspiracy theory that Headmaster Albus Dumbledore was using the students to create a private army of young witches and wizards to overthrow the Ministry.^[71] As such, he implanted Dolores Umbridge to become the teacher of the Defence Against the Dark Arts classes, which he believed to be the main source of training (e.g. defensive spells) for Dumbledore’s would-be soldiers.^[21]

Umbridge supplied a syllabus based entirely on the theory of conflict rather facing them, all of which was simply reading out of the textbook, believing that this would be sufficient in passing the examinations. Furthermore, she herself did not teach the students, as she had them read the textbooks quietly in class and refused to answer their questions any more than to silence them.^[21][32] This misguided belief deprived the students on any useful lessons as even the theories are inaccurate, thus leading to the formation on Dumbledore’s Army, which taught more practical defence that students from all grades found more useful.^[72] Umbridge would later claim that the spells Harry taught were deemed by the Ministry inappropriate for students at their ages.^[73]

In the 1996–1997 school year, Professor Snape taught his classes to respect the Dark Arts as a dangerous and ever-evolving opponent, and that their defences must be as versatile as the foul arts they seek to undo. He imposed a darker atmosphere in the classroom by dimmer lighting and macabre portraits in order to allow the students to have a firmer understanding of the sufferings the Dark Arts can bring. Hermione concluded that Snape’s ideals were very much the same as what Harry Potter expressed during the Dumbledore’s Army recruitment meeting: not simply memorising a bunch of spells, but to understand and react appropriately to the situation at hand.^[23] As with Lupin and Crouch, Snape taught practically during the lectures, and assigned theories for homework. Contrarily to his previous position as Potions Master, Snape taught Defence fairer, with a sense of passion he did not show in Potions.

As with every other course that required practical spells, sixth-years were taught nonverbal spell usage,^[23] and were expected to use them in class from then on.^[74]

In the 1997–1998 school year, the class was changed to Dark Arts during Voldemort’s takeover of the school. It was taught by the Death Eater Amycus Carrow, who taught students how to perform the Unforgivable Curses, with a particular emphasis with ordering students to practise the Cruciatus Curse on disobedient students,^[39] along with the summoning of Fiendfyre.^[75]

First year

Dark creatures Curing werewolf bites[76] (such as with Mixture of powdered silver and dittany)[77] Imps[18] Ghosts[18] Hags[78] Gytrashes[18] Vampires[29][78] Zombies[29][78] Gnomes[79]

Spells Curse of the Bogies (Mentioned)[80] Knockback Jinx[18][78] Red Sparks[18][78] Verdimillious Charm[18] Verdimillious Duo Spell[18] Verdimillious Tria[18] Wand-Lighting Charm[18][78] Smokescreen Spell[78] Green Sparks[78]

Second year

Dark creatures Cornish Pixies (Experienced first-hand)[26] Banshees[81] Ghouls[81] Hags[81] Trolls[81] Vampires[66] Werewolves[66] Yetis[66] Imps (Revision)[79] Gnomes[3]

Spells Disarming Charm[79] Homorphus Charm[66] Verdimillious Duo Spell[79] Vermillious Duo[79] Vermillious Tria[79] Tickling Charm[79] Full Body-Bind Curse[79] Fumos Duo[79] Softening Charm[79]

Third year

Students during the 1993–1994 school year, under the significantly high quality of teaching under Remus Lupin, learnt about numerous dark creatures and how to handle them appropriately.^{[24][27][28][82][83]}

Dark creatures Boggarts[24] Grindylows[27] Werewolves[84] Hinkypunks[84][28] Kappas[27] Red Caps[27] Vampires[82] Nocturnal beasts[20] Imps (Revision)[85] Pixies (Revision)[85] Charmed skeletons[85]

Spells Boggart-Banishing Spell[24] Seize and pull charm[85] Freezing Spell[85]

Fourth year

Students witnessed the three Unforgivable Curses used on spiders.^[25] They were also given lessons on resisting the Imperius Curse, in which Harry Potter was the only one successful in his class.^[70] These demonstrations were during the 1994-1995 school year only and the Unforgivable Curses are usually covered in the sixth year N.E.W.T. class.^[25]

Fifth year

1988–1989 school year

Patricia Rakepick was the Professor in this subject for the 1988–1989 school year, in which she taught her fifth year students a wide multitude of highly interesting and useful topics, carefully balancing both theoretical and practical knowledge and skills.

Dark creatures Ghouls[5] Pixies[49] Boggarts (Revision)[50] Snakes[55]

Spells Hex-deflection (Salvio hexia)[47] Impediment Jinx[48] Tongue-Tying Curse[89] Trip Jinx[51] Deprimo[52] Smokescreen Spell[53] Lacarnum Inflamari[54] Reductor Curse[56] Snake-Vanishing Spell[55] Everte Statum[57] Densaugeo[58] Human-presence-revealing Spell[59] Protective enchantments[54]

1995–1996 school year

Dark creatures Iguanas[19] Vampire bats[19] Boggarts (Revision)[34]

Spells Counter-jinxes (Discouraged)[32] Counter-curses (Discouraged)[21] Boggart-Banishing Spell (Revision)[34] Hex-Breaker[22] Hex Zapper[22] Limbo Mist anticharm[22] Conflict avoidance[22] Theory[22] Fleeing[22]

Sixth year

Official curriculum

During the 1989–1990 school year, Bill Weasley was given permission by Albus Dumbledore to give evening classes in this subject after graduating Hogwarts, due to the ineffectiveness of the teaching that school year.^[60]

Seventh year

Official curriculum

Known professors

Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry

• Galatea Merrythought (?–1945)^[4]
• Unidentified professor (1984–1985)^[43]
• Unidentified professor (1985–1986)^[44]
• Unidentified professor (1986–1987)^[45]
• Unidentified professor (1987–1988)^[46]
• Unidentified professor (1989–1990)^[60]
• Unidentified professor (1990–1991, later replaced by Olivia Green)^[6]
• Unidentified professor (1998–?)^[107]

During the time between the beginning of Voldemort’s jinx and when it was eventually broken, there was at least one professor per year. Therefore, between c. 1965 and 1990 (the year before Harry began studying at Hogwarts) there could be around twenty-five different professors in the position.^[108]

Severus Snape served as a substitute teacher during the 1993–1994 school year, when Remus Lupin was feeling ill.^[84]

Harry Potter occasionally gave lectures on the subject.^[30]

Ilvermorny School of Witchcraft and Wizardry

Required textbooks

• Confronting the Faceless (N.E.W.T.-level)^[23]

Grades

Known O.W.L.s

• All Aurors since it is a compulsory N.E.W.T.-level qualification; therefore O.W.L. must have been achieved before that.^[35]

Behind the scenes

• When J. K. Rowling was asked why Dumbledore would not give Severus Snape the Defence Against the Dark Arts job, Rowling responded that Dumbledore believed that teaching Defence Against the Dark Arts would bring out Snape’s worst side,^[115] though Dumbledore finally relented in Harry’s sixth year.^[116] Snape admitted to Bellatrix Lestrange that reason during their conversation in Spinner’s End.^[117]
• Rowling has also revealed that after Amycus Carrow was the Dark Arts teacher, a permanent teacher took the post because Voldemort’s jinx over the job was lifted.
• Whilst it is known that Dumbledore did not wish Professor Snape to teach DADA for fear of relapsing into his Death Eater ways, it is also possible that (since the subject had been jinxed) he was also thinking of Snape’s physical well-being (not least of all because of how much of importance he could have been, and was, in the long run). Despite Dumbledore’s fear, however, Snape did not truly return to his old ways when granted the position he sought for, though he did teach the lessons with a sense of passion for the Dark Arts.
• Each Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher attacked (or attempted to attack) Harry.
  • Quirrell tried to strangle Harry and jinxed his broom during a Quidditch game.
  • Lockhart attempted to erase his memories
  • Lupin went after him as a werewolf (although he alone out of all the others would never have attacked Harry if he had been in his human form)
  • Barty Crouch Jnr (disguised as Moody) tried to kill him.
  • Umbridge physically assaulted him and threatened him with the Cruciatus Curse (and had previously sent Dementors to attack him, though this was before she taught the subject).
  • Snape attacked Harry in retaliation for Harry trying to curse him during the Battle of the Astronomy Tower.
  • Ironically, Amycus Carrow, who taught Dark Arts instead of Defence Against the Dark Arts, was attacked by Harry Potter after Amycus had insulted Minerva McGonagall.
• Dolores Umbridge was the only female Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher in the series besides Galatea Merrythought; Galatea was not seen throughout the series, only mentioned.
• The six professors of this subject who taught Harry each had a dark secret that he did not learn until near the end of their respective school years:
  • Quirrell was serving Voldemort and was possessed by him.
  • Lockhart was a cowardly fraud who covertly stole the achievements of others.
  • Lupin was a werewolf.
  • Moody was actually Barty Crouch Jnr, an escaped Death Eater.
  • Umbridge was the one who sent the Dementors that attacked Harry and Dudley.
  • Snape was the one who had reported the prophecy to Voldemort and was the Half-Blood Prince.
• During his tenure as Potions Master, Severus Snape only accepted students who achieved an ‘Outstanding’ on their OWLs into his NEWT-level Potions classes. However, when Snape became the Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher in the 1996–1997 school year, students who achieved ‘Exceeds Expectations’ were still allowed to take the NEWT-level DADA classes.
• The only book to have twice been assigned for this subject is The Dark Forces: A Guide to Self-Protection.
• Most of the Defence Against the Dark Arts teachers in Harry’s six years at Hogwarts followed a similar pattern: each (with the exception of Quirrell and Snape).
  • They were an entirely new teacher; each was chosen out of necessity, due to the loss of the previous instructor and the absence of other applicants
  • each meets Harry before he arrives at Hogwarts in the respective year (with the exception of Mad-Eye Moody, who was only mentioned in passing, although Harry had unknowingly encountered Barty Crouch Jnr at the Quidditch World Cup)
  • and each physically (or magically) attacks Harry during school term, either intentionally or accidentally, as in the case of Remus Lupin.
• In Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, when discussing who their new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher would be, Harry said that the teachers didn’t have much luck: «One sacked, one dead, one lost his memory, and one was locked in a trunk for nine months,» referring to Lupin, Quirrell, Lockhart, and Moody, respectively; this isn’t true, however, because Lupin resigned rather than was fired. Also, Crouch Jnr, the de facto teacher for Harry’s fourth year, suffered the Dementor’s Kiss.
• Quirinus Quirrell is the only Defence Against The Dark Arts teacher known to have died during the year he gave the subject.
• According to Pottermore, from the best to worst Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher during the seven years of Harry’s education:
  1. Remus Lupin, for his fair, popular and effective teaching methods.
  2. Severus Snape, for his effective, qualified yet strict methods.
  3. Gilderoy Lockhart, for his fraudulence, teaching about himself more than about defence.
  4. Barty Crouch, for his allegiance with Voldemort, despite his actual teaching effectiveness.
  5. Amycus Carrow, for turning the class into just Dark Arts and his brutal discipline methods.
  6. Dolores Umbridge, for depriving the class of any practicality and her scarring disciplinary methods.
  7. Quirinus Quirrell, for having Voldemort at the back of his head.
• In Harry Potter: Hogwarts Mystery, if players take Jacob’s sibling to the O.W.L. through an optional side quest, they will definitely gain at least an A, even if they fail to answer every question and perform any defensive spells.
• In the early video games, creatures such as Fire Crabs, Fire Dwelling Salamanders (which are canonically small, non-aggressive lizards) and Streelers are covered in Defence Against the Dark Arts classes. However, Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them confirms that these creatures are not dark creatures, nor very dangerous, and Fire Crabs (a highly protected species) and Streelers (domesticated as pets) are in fact taught and handled in Care of Magical Creatures instead, meaning their inclusion on the Defence Against the Dark Arts curriculum is not canon. Several games also depict gnomes as being covered in the class, which seems rather odd considering they are simply harmless (albeit annoying) garden pests, and are not considered dark or dangerous.
• Also in the early video games, spells such as the Softening Charm or Seize and pull charm are taught in this class, despite these spells seemingly not having any defensive or offensive qualities. It is likely these spells were taught in this class purely for game-play reasons.
• In LEGO Harry Potter: Years 1-4, in Gilderoy Lockhart’s first Defence Against the Dark Arts lesson, Lockhart teaches his students the Freezing Charm for combating Pixies.^[88] However, this lesson cannot be considered canon, since it fundamentally contrasts this lesson’s depiction in the second book.

Appearances

• Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (First appearance)
• Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (film)
• Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (video game)
• Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
• Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (film)
• Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (video game)
• Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
• Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (film)
• Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (video game)
• Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
• Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film)
• Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (video game)
• Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
• Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film)
• Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (video game)
• Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
• Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film) (Mentioned only)
• Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (video game) (Mentioned only)
• Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (Mentioned only)
• Harry Potter and the Cursed Child (Appears in an alternate reality)
• Harry Potter and the Cursed Child (play) (Appears in an alternate reality)
• Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald — The Original Screenplay
• Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald
• The Archive of Magic: The Film Wizardry of Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald
• J. K. Rowling’s official site (Mentioned only)
• Pottermore
• Wizarding World
• LEGO Harry Potter: Years 1-4
• LEGO Harry Potter: Years 5-7
• LEGO Harry Potter
• Harry Potter Trading Card Game
• Harry Potter for Kinect
• Harry Potter: The Character Vault (Mentioned only)
• Harry Potter: The Creature Vault
• Harry Potter: The Wand Collection (Mentioned only)
• Harry Potter: Hogwarts Mystery
• Harry Potter: Wizards Unite (Mentioned only)
• Harry Potter: Puzzles & Spells (Mentioned only)
• Harry Potter: Magic Awakened
• Hogwarts Legacy
• The Art and Making of Hogwarts Legacy (Mentioned only)

Notes and references

Defence Against the Dark Arts (D.A.D.A.)
D.A.D.A. at Hogwarts
Classroom 3C · Classroom 3C backrooms · Temporary Classroom · Hogwarts Turris Magnus · Teacher’s Office · Storeroom · Staircase · Storage room · Lesson Cup · Race Cup · Duelling Club · Dumbledore’s Army
Professors
Isidora Morganach · Dinah Hecat · Arsenius Jigger · Albus Dumbledore · Galatea Merrythought · 1984–1985 professor · 1985–1986 professor · 1986–1987 professor · 1987–1988 professor · Patricia Rakepick · 1989–1990 professor · First 1990–1991 professor · Olivia Green · Quirinus Quirrell · Gilderoy Lockhart · Remus Lupin · Bartemius Crouch Junior (as Alastor Moody) · Dolores Umbridge · Severus Snape · Amycus Carrow (as Dark Arts teacher) · Unidentified professor · Brindlemore
Textbooks
The Dark Forces: A Guide to Self-Protection · Advanced Defence Against the Dark Arts · Break with a Banshee · Gadding with Ghouls · Holidays with Hags · Travels with Trolls · Voyages with Vampires · Wanderings with Werewolves · Year with the Yeti · The Essential Defence Against the Dark Arts · Defensive Magical Theory · Dark Arts Defence – Basics for Beginners · Confronting the Faceless · Defence Against the Dark Arts
Spells studied at Hogwarts under D.A.D.A.
Aqua Eructo · Boggart-Banishing Spell (Riddikulus) · Bombarda Maxima · Cave inimicum · Concealment Charms · Counter-curses · Counter-jinxes · Cruciatus Curse (Crucio) · Curse of the Bogies (Mucus ad Nauseam) · Cursed barrier spell · Densaugeo · Deprimo Spell (Deprimo) · Disarming Charm (Expelliarmus) · Ear-Shrivelling Curse · Everte Statum · Freezing Spell (Glacius) · Full Body-Bind Curse (Petrificus Totalus) · Fumos Duo · Green Sparks · Hex-Breaker· Hex-deflection · Hex Zapper · Homorphus Charm · Human-presence-revealing Spell (Homenum Revelio) · Impediment Jinx (Impedimenta) · Imperius Curse (Imperio) · Imperturbable Charm · Killing Curse (Avada Kedavra) · Knockback Jinx (Flipendo) · Lacarnum Inflamari · Langlock · Levitation Spell (Levioso) · Limbo Mist anticharm · Nonverbal spells · Patronus Charm (Expecto Patronum) · Pimple Jinx (Furnunculus) · Protective enchantments · Red Sparks (Vermillious) · Reductor Curse (Reducto) · Salvio hexia · Sea Urchin Jinx · Seize and pull charm (Carpe Retractum) · Shield Charm (Protego) · Smokescreen Spell (Fumos) · Snake-Vanishing Spell (Vipera Evanesca) · Softening Charm (Spongify) · Stretching Jinx · Tickling Charm (Rictusempra) · Tongue-Tying Curse (Mimblewimble) · Trip Jinx · Twitchy-Ears Hex · Verdimillious Charm (Verdimillious) · Verdimillious Duo Spell (Verdimillious) · Verdimillious Tria · Vermillious Duo · Vermillious Tria · Wand-Lighting Charm (Lumos)
Creatures studied at Hogwarts under D.A.D.A.
Banshee · Boggart · Chameleon Ghoul · Charmed skeleton · Cornish Pixie · Dementor · Dugbog · Erkling · Flesh-Eating Slug · Ghost · Ghoul · Gnome · Grindylow · Gytrash · Hag · Hinkypunk · Iguana · Imp · Inferius · Kappa · Manticore · Nocturnal beasts · Nogtail · Poltergeist · Red Cap · Snake · Troll · Vampire · Vampire bat · Werewolf · Yeti · Zombie

Hogwarts subjects
Core classes	Astronomy · Charms · Defence Against the Dark Arts · Herbology · History of Magic · Potions · Transfiguration
Elective classes	Alchemy · Arithmancy · Care of Magical Creatures · Divination · Muggle Studies · Study of Ancient Runes
Extracurricular classes	Apparition · Advanced Arithmancy Studies · Ancient Studies · Art · Flying · Ghoul Studies · Magical Theory · Muggle Art · Muggle Music · Music · Xylomancy
Examinations
First year exams · Second year exams · Third year exams · Fourth year exams · Ordinary Wizarding Level · Nastily Exhausting Wizarding Test

Ilvermorny School of Witchcraft and Wizardry
Ilvermorny Houses
Namesake Founders
Isolt Sayre · Chadwick Boot · Webster Boot · James Steward
Subjects offered
Arithmancy · Charms · Creature Care · Defence Against the Dark Arts · Potions · Study of Ancient Runes · Transfiguration · Xylomancy
Ilvermorny staff
William · Rionach Steward · Eulalie Hicks · Agilbert Fontaine

Экзамен по Защите от Темных Искусств

Пускай преподаватели меняются каждый год, но экзамен по Защите от Темных Искусств все-таки придется сдать!

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Защита от Тёмных искусств^[2] (англ. Defence against the Dark Arts, сокр. DADA) — дисциплина, изучающая защиту от оборотней, вампиров, дементоров, боггартов и прочей нечисти, а также от запрещённых заклинаний и тёмных магов. Входит в список экзаменов на СОВ.

Защита от Тёмных искусств является обязательным предметом с первого курса обучения и по пятый. Учебный план варьируется в зависимости от того, что профессор сочтет целесообразным.

Уроки, как правило, имеют практические задания, и многие из учителей (за исключением Долорес Амбридж), полагали, что если дело дойдёт до борьбы с Тёмной магией — практические знания пригодятся куда больше теоретических. Как правило, теория прорабатывалась в домашних заданиях.

На пятом году обучения студенты сдают экзамен СОВ, где демонстрируют всё, чему научились за годы учёбы в школе. Экзамен включает в себя как теорию, так и практику.

Для перехода на шестой курс обучения ЗОТИ студент должен набрать достаточно высокий балл СОВ, получив «Превосходно» или «Выше ожидаемого».

Между 1957 и 1998 годом на посту преподавателя этого предмета побывало около 40 человек.

Преподаватели

Из-за проклятия Волан-де-Морта ни один из преподавателей защиты от Тёмных искусств не может продержаться на должности больше года. Это положение вещей длится вплоть до второго и окончательного падения Тёмного Лорда. Примечательно, что многие преподаватели, ведшие этот предмет во время учёбы в Хогвартсе Гарри Поттера, совершали весьма неблаговидные поступки. Исключением стал разве что профессор Римус Люпин. Ну, и профессор Снегг, хотя его целый год считали убийцей Альбуса Дамблдора. С некоторыми оговорками он им и был…

Период работы	Преподаватель	Портрет	Причина ухода	Злодеяния
XV или XVI век	Исидора Морганак		Убита Саном Бакаром.
До 1895 года	Дина Гекат		Ушла в отставку.
1895-1945	Галатея Вилкост		Ушла в отставку.
1988-1989	Патриция Рейкпик
1990-1991	Оливия Грин
1991-1992	Квиринус Квиррелл		Погиб в подземелье.	Покушался на жизнь Гарри Поттера, помогал Волан-де-Морту выкрасть философский камень.
1992-1993	Златопуст Локонс		Потерял память.	Вводил всех в заблуждение относительно своих знаний и умений. Пытался стереть память Гарри и Рону.
1993-1994	Римус Люпин		Покинул Хогвартс по собственному желанию, когда Северус Снегг разгласил, что Люпин — оборотень.
1994-1995	лже-Грозный Глаз Грюм, (Барти Крауч-младший)		Был разоблачен и подвергся Поцелую дементора.	Убил собственного отца, применял непростительные заклятия («Империус») к студентам, якобы для обучения их сопротивлению Тёмной магии.
1995-1996	Долорес Амбридж		Была уволена из Хогвартса.	Послала дементоров напасть на Гарри Поттера и, пользуясь полномочиями Генерального Инспектора, ввела диктатуру в Хогвартсе, превратив школу в подобие колонии для малолетних преступников.
1996-1997	Северус Снегг		Убив Альбуса Дамблдора, был вынужден бежать из школы.	(!) Убийство Дамблдора не было злодеянием Снегга, так как умирающий Дамблдор ещё за год до этого просил Северуса о такой «услуге». Но об этой договорённости долго никто не знал.
1997-1998	Амикус Кэрроу		Был заключен в Азкабан.	Избивал вместе с сестрой учеников и применял к ним непростительные заклятия, в частности «Круциатус», заставлял учеников применять непростительные заклятия друг к другу.

После гибели Волан-де-Морта проклятие развеялось. По словам Дж. Роулинг, ныне в Хогвартсе один и тот же преподаватель Защиты от Тёмных искусств. Пару лекций в году туда приходит читать Гарри Поттер, обладающим особым талантом в этой области и значительно преуспевший в этом во время учёбы в Хогвартсе. Согласно игре «Harry Potter: Magic Awakened», в начале XXI века предмет ведёт профессор Бриндлмор.

Учебники

• Тёмные силы: пособие по самозащите (автор Квентин Тримбл) (1 — 4 курс)
• Встречи с вампирами (автор Златопуст Локонс) (2 курс)
• Духи на дорогах (автор Златопуст Локонс) (2 курс)
• Каникулы с каргой (автор Златопуст Локонс) (2 курс)
• Победа над привидением (автор Златопуст Локонс) (2 курс)
• Тропою троллей (автор Златопуст Локонс) (2 курс)
• Увеселение с упырями (автор Златопуст Локонс) (2 курс)
• Йоркширские йети (автор Златопуст Локонс) (2 курс)
• Основы защиты от Тёмных искусств (автор Жиг Мышьякофф) (3 курс) (фильм)
• Теория защитной магии (автор Уилберт Слинкхард) (5 курс)
• Защита от Тёмных сил: основы для начинающих (5 курс) (фильм)
• Лицом к лицу с безликим (6 курс)

Появления

• 
• 

  Гарри и Рон на уроке у Златопуста Локонса

• 

  Невилл на уроке Римуса Люпина

• 

  Рон и преподаватель по ЗОТИ лже-Грюм

• 

• Гарри Поттер и Философский камень (Первое появление)

• Гарри Поттер и Философский камень (фильм)

• Гарри Поттер и Философский камень (игра)

• Гарри Поттер и Тайная комната

• Гарри Поттер и Тайная комната (фильм)

• Гарри Поттер и Тайная комната (игра)

• Гарри Поттер и узник Азкабана

• Гарри Поттер и узник Азкабана (фильм)

• Гарри Поттер и узник Азкабана (игра)

• Гарри Поттер и Кубок Огня

Переводы
Оригинальное имя:
Defence against the Dark Arts
РОСМЭН:
Защита от Тёмных искусств
«народный перевод»:
Защита от Тёмных Сил
Марии Спивак:
Защита от сил зла

• Гарри Поттер и Кубок огня (фильм)

• Гарри Поттер и Кубок Огня (игра)

• Гарри Поттер и Орден Феникса

• Гарри Поттер и Орден Феникса (фильм)

• Гарри Поттер и Орден Феникса (игра)

• Гарри Поттер и Принц-полукровка

• Гарри Поттер и Принц-полукровка (фильм) (Только упоминание)

• Гарри Поттер и Принц-полукровка (игра) (Только упоминание)

• Гарри Поттер и Дары Смерти (Только упоминание)

• Гарри Поттер и проклятое дитя. Части 1 и 2 (Только упоминание)

• Гарри Поттер и Проклятое дитя (пьеса) (Только упоминание)

• Фантастические твари: Преступления Грин-де-Вальда: Оригинальный сценарий

• Фантастические твари: Преступления Грин-де-Вальда

• Гарри Поттер. Герои. Маги и маглы (Только упоминание)

• Гарри Поттер. Фантастические существа

• Гарри Поттер. Мир волшебства. История легенды

• LEGO Гарри Поттер: годы 1-4

• LEGO Гарри Поттер: годы 5-7

• Wizarding World

• Гарри Поттер для Kinect

• Harry Potter: Hogwarts Mystery

• Harry Potter: Wizards Unite (Только упоминание)

• Harry Potter: Magic Awakened

• Гарри Поттер: магия и загадки (Только упоминание)

• Hogwarts Legacy

Примечания

1. ↑ Гарри Поттер и Принц-полукровка (Гл. 9 «Принц-полукровка»)
2. ↑ Сокращение для редактирования — ЗОТИ. См. также: Список сокращений.

п•о•р Магическое образование
Магические школы	Академия волшебства Шармбатон · Институт Дурмстранг · Кастелобрушу · Колдовстворец · Салемский институт ведьм · Школа магии Махотокоро · Школа магии Уагаду · Школа Чародейства и Волшебства Ильверморни · Школа Чародейства и Волшебства Хогвартс
Дополнительное образование	Волшебная Академия Драматических Искусств · Академия Полётов на Метле · Школа Заклинаний · Школа неординарных языков Евро-Глиф · Объединённая подводная школа Spellage
Экзамены	Экзамены для Первого курса · Экзамены для Второго курса · Экзамены для Третьего курса · Экзамены для Четвёртого курса · Стандарты Обучения Волшебству · Жутко Академическая Блестящая Аттестация
Базовые предметы	Трансфигурация · Астрономия · Заклинания · Защита от Тёмных искусств · Травология · История магии · Зельеварение
Дополнительные предметы	Алхимия · Нумерология · Уход за магическими существами · Прорицания · Магловедение · Изучение Древних рун

п•о•р Защита от Тёмных искусств
Преподаватели	Галатея Вилкост · Квиринус Квиррелл · Златопуст Локонс · Римус Люпин · Аластор Грюм · Долорес Амбридж · Северус Снегг · Амикус Кэрроу
Учебный материал	Тёмные силы: пособие по самозащите · Встречи с вампирами · Духи на дорогах · Каникулы с каргой · Победа над привидением · Тропою троллей · Увеселение с упырями · Йоркширские йети · Основы защиты от Тёмных искусств · Теория защитной магии · Защита от Тёмных сил: основы для начинающих · Лицом к лицу с безликим